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THE       — .^..-rni.  <i ;  . 


m 


GENTLEMAN'S   MAGAZINE. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


VOLUME   XXXIX. 
NEW  SERIES. 


MDCCCLIII. 
JANUARY  TO  JUNE  inclusive. 


LONDON: 

JOHN  BOWYElt  NICHOLS   AND  SONS. 

1853. 


LONDON  : 

J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  SONS,  PRINTERS, 

25,  PARLIAMENT  STREET. 


.6i 


IV  PREFACE. 

they,  satisfied  if  what  was  produced  may  purchase  satisfaction,  and 
doubly  rewarded  if  we  find — our  great  object,  we  confess — increased 
demand  attend  upon  our  labour. 

It  is  true  that  there  is  a  labour  which  physics  pain,  and  such  a 
labour  of  love  should  be  found  in  literature.  It  is  said  of  Jacob  that 
he  served  seven  years  for  Rachel,  and  that  they  seemed  to  him  but 
as  a  few  days,  for  the  love  that  he  bare  her.  Time,  depend  upon  it, 
did  not  fly  with  him  because  he  experienced  delight  m  watering  his 
uncle  Laban's  sheep,  but  because  there  was  a  fair  partner  in  his  toil, 
sweet  meetings  at  well-sides,  communings  in  the  fields  at  even-tide,  and 
the  sure  and  certain  recompense  for  all  at  the  end.  Like  Jacob,  too, 
we  are  willing  to  labour,  meet  with  much  attendant  on  our  toil  that 
sweetens  life,  and  hope,  as  he  hoped,  with  Leah  in  possession,  for 
Rachel  in  prospect  Like  him,  if  we  have  achieved  much,  we  shall 
endeavour  to  deserve  more,  and  if  the  Rachel  of  our  hopes  be  tJie 
consequent  award  of  our  endeavours — a  consummation  which  we 
aim  to  achieve  by  renewed  exertions — ^gratitude  will  lend  increased 
vitality  to  the  yet  juvenile  and  vigorous  heart  of 

Sylvanus  Urban. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

JANUARY,  1853. 


CONTENTS. 

PAOK 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— BapUsm  of  the  first  Earl  of  Carnarvon— Speeches  of  the  Duke 

of  Wellington— Apsley  Houiie— Parentage  and  EducaUon  of  the  late  Dr.  Mantell    2 

King  Charles  the  First  in  the  Isle  of  Wight 3 

Original  Letters  of  Benjamin  Franklin   * 8 

Farinelli  and  Pompadour 9 

Henry  Newcome,  the  Puritan  of  Manchester 16 

A  Journey  from  London  to  Paris  in  the  year  1736  :  by  Sir  Alexander  Dick,  Bart. 

of  Prestonfield,  near  Edinburgh 22 

The  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  the  Fifth 26 

Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary ;  by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.  F.S.A. — No.  IX.    A 

Visit  to  the  Hill  lotrenchments  on  the  Borders  of  Wales  {with  Engravings)  37 

Report  of  the  Commissioners  on  the  University  of  Cambridge ^^ 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— The  doctrine  of  the  ImmacuUte  Conception 
of  the  Virgin,  and  its  relation  to  Art— St.  Mary  Axe— St.  Ursula  and  the  Eleven  Tliousand 
Virgins— The  old  and  new  Churches  at  Harley,  Shropshire— Etymology  of  the  word  Many .         47 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— Proposed  National  Palace  of  the  Arts  and  Sciences— Royal  and 
Astronomical  Societies— Admission  of  Engravers  to  be  Royal  Academicians— Anniversary  of 
the  Botanical  Society— University  of  Cambridge— Personal  Literary  Distinctions— Bequest 
of  Miss  Hardwick  to  the  Schools  and  Hospitals  of  London— Shakspere's  House  at  Strat- 
ford-upon-Avon—Autograph  Letters  of  Bums— Continental  Forgeries  of  Autographs- 
Antiquarian  Works  in  preparation  ^^ 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— The  Lady  of  the  Lake,  illustrated  by 
Foster  and  Glll)ert,  68 ;  Proceedings  of  the  Somersetshire  Archaeological  and  Nat.  Hlstorj- 
Society,  ib. ;  Cox's  Historical  Facts,  and  Account  of  Lyrapshara,  69 ;  Godwin's  History  in 
Ruins.  60 ;  Memoir  of  John  Fred.  Oberlin,  ib. ;  Pashley's  Pauperism  and  Poor  Laws,  61 ; 
Papers  for  Uie  Schoolmaster,  63 ;  Bagster's  Greek  Apocrypha,  64 ;  Now  Biblical  Atlas  and 
Scripture  Gazetteer,  66 ;  Adams's  Parliamentary  Handbook,  ib. ;  Poems,  by  B.  R.  Parkes, 
ib. ;  Ryland's  Life  and  Correspondence  of  John  Foster,  ib. ;  Moultrie's  Poetical  Remains  of 
Wm.  Sidney  Walker,  66;  Good  Health,  68 ;  Dowden's  WalM  after  Wild  Rowers,  69; 
Crusius' Homeric  Lexion,  and  Minor  Reviews  ^^ 

ANTIQUARIAN   RESEARCHES— Society  of  Antiquaries,  70 ;  Archaeological  Institute,  72 ; 
^British  Archaeological  Association,  73 ;  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  ib,; 
Yorkshire  Architectural  Society  74 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  Funeral  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  and  Do- 
mestic Occurrences  75 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  83 ;  Births  and  Marriages    ^ 

OBITUARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  Tlie  Earl  of  Shrewsbury ;  The  Countess  of  Lovelace ;  Dowager 
Lady  Hoghton ;  Sir  John  L.  Ix)raine,  Bart. ;  Sir  Wm.  Earlc  Welby,  Bart. ;  Sir  Josiah 
John  Guest,  Bart. ;  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  11.  F.  Bouveric ;  Ueut.-General  Wemyss ;  Sir  Edward 
Stanley;  Colonel  Bruen,  M.P. ;  Capt.  T.  L.  Lewis,  R.  Eng. ;  Capt.  T.  W.  BuUer,  R.N. ; 
Mr.  Seijeant  Halcomb ;  Miss  Berry ;  Rev.  Edward  Mangin ;  Rev.  Henry  Ha.<tted ;  Profes- 
sor Empson;  John  Hamilton  Reynolds,  Esq.;  William  BallanUne,  Esq.;  Rev.  Fattier 
Palmer ;  Mr.  H.  J.  S.  Bradfleld ;  Mr.  Thomas  Fairiand  ;  John  Vandcrlyn 88-104 

DiATBf ,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order  104 

Registrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  111;  Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks 112 


By    SYLVANUS  URBAN,   Gent. 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


T.  E.  T.  wishes  to  obtain  information 
as  to  the  father  of  the  family  described  in 
an  entry  in  the  Parish  Register  of  Isling- 
ton, Middlesex,  whereof  the  following  is 
an  exact  copy : 

**  Memorandum,  whereas  in  this  Re- 
gister the  12  June,  1740,  page  63,  Cathe- 
rine Bronne;  and  24  August,  1741,  page 
64,  Henry  Broune ;  and  also  28  May, 
1743,  Charles  Broune,  are  registered  to 
have  been  christened  as  the  children  of 
William  Broune  and  Catherine  Broune  of 
this  parish.  Now  it  appeareth  onto  me 
by  the  fullest  proof,  as  well  as  my  own 
knowledge,  that  the  three  children  above- 
mentioned  are  the  children  of  the  honour- 
able Colonel  William  Herbert,  brother  to 
Henry  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  Catherine 
his  wife,  who  thought  fit  to  go  by  the  name 
of  Broune  at  those  times,  in  this  parish. 
Given  under  my  hand,  this  third  day  of 
August,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  forty-six. 
"  G.  Williams,  Vif  of  Islington." 

Our  correspondent  will  be  satisfied  by 
referring  to  Sir  Egerton  Brydges's  edi- 
tion of  Collins's  Peerage,  vol.  v.  p.  390 ; 
where  Im  will  find  that  the  family  above- 
mentioned  were  admitted  as  legitimate, 
and  that  Henry,  the  eldest  son,  became  a 
peer  by  the  title  of  Lord  Porchester,  in 
1780,  and  was  advanced  to  that  of  Earl 
of  Carnarvon,  in  1793.  He  was  grand- 
father of  the  present  Earl. 

The  Speeches  in  Parliament  of  the  late 
Buke  of  Wellington  are,  we  are  informed, 
about  to  be  collected  and  published  uni- 
formly with  the  far-famed  Wellington 
Despatches.  The  collection  was  com- 
menced by  the  late  Colonel  Gurwood* 
continued  by  the  Colonel's  widow,  and 
actually  corrected  in  many  places  bv  the 
Duke  himself.  They  will  appear  with  the 
imprint  of  Albemarle  Street,  and  the  im- 
primatur of  the  present  Duke. 

The  present  Duke  will,  it  is  said,  throw 
Apsley  House  open  to  the  public  on 
certain  days,  and  under  certain  regulations 
necessary  for  the  security  of  the  property 
and  the  comfort  of  visitors.  Apsley  House 
containa.  some  fine  works  of  art — a  first- 
rate  Correggio,  good  examples  of  Velasquez, 
and  throughout  seems  to  represent  the 
peculiar  likings  of  the  hero.  Napoleon  is 
very  prominent,  and  always  honourably 
so.  Here  we  shall  see  the  Duke's  orders — 
so  charmingly  arranged  by  Mr.  Garrard  at 
his  house  in  Panton    Street : — where  we 


had  the  pleasure  of  examining  them, — 
lingering  with  eyes  historically  pleased  at 
the  diamond  George  originally  given  by 
Queen  Anne  to  the  great  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough on  the  victory  at  Blenheim— ob- 
tained, no  one  knows  how,  by  George  the 
Fourth  when  Prince  Regent— and  given  by 
the  Prince  to  the  Duke  of  Wellington  on 
the  victory  at  Waterloo  1 — Atheneum. 

In  the  memoir  of  Dr.  Mantell  (Dec.  p. 
644)  two  errors  escaped  correction.  For 
'*  St.  John's  sub  Easter,"  read  '*  sub 
Castro ;"  and  in  the  note,  p.  645,  for 
**  Horsfield's  "  read  Baxter's  Agricultural 
Library.  It  may  also  be  here  noticed  that 
a  letter  has  appeared  in  the  Sussex  Agri- 
cultural Express  from  Mr.  Thomas  A. 
Mantell  of  Lewes,  brother  to  the  deceasedi 
contradicting  a  statement  made  in  the 
Lewes  Journal  that  their  father  was  a 
humble  and  small  tradesman.  **  He  was 
neither  the  one  or  the  other,  for  a  more 
independent  man  never  existed  ;  a  man  of 
strong  natural  abilities,  and  a  popular 
speaker  on  public  occasions.  I  don  t  know 
what  the  editor's  idea  of  a  small  trades- 
man is,  but  I  recollect  my  father  having 
twenty- three  men  in  his  employ  at  one 
time,  and  he  left  to  his  family  considerable 
property  in  land  and  bouses.  The  state- 
ment as  regards  the  old  lady.  Dr.  Man- 
tell's  schoolmistress,  is  a  palpable  false- 
hood. My  father  articled  my  brother  to 
Mr.  Moore  in  1795,  with  a  premium  of 
200  guineas.  The  old  lady,  whose  name 
was  Cornwell,  was  of  a  highly  respectable 
family,  and  one  of  the  nearest  relatives  of 
the  late  Richard  Andrew  Turner,  esq.,  an 
eminent  attorney  of  this  town.  She  was 
possessed  of  sufficient  property  of  her  own 
to  live  on,  and  she  carried  on  her  little 
school  more  for  amusement  than  profit. 
At  her  death,  which  occurred  on  the  94th 
December,  1807  (nearly  three  years  after 
my  brother  was  articled  to  Mr.  Moore), 
she  gave  the  whole  of  her  property  to  an 
only  brother,  a  farmer  at  May  field,  who 
cultivated  and  lived  on  his  own  land,  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  trifling  legacies  to 
my  family.  My  brother,  after  leaving  Mr. 
Button's  academy,  was  three  years  at  a 
school  inWiltshire,  conducted  by  a  clergy- 
man." 

Dec.  p.  638.— The  present  Mr.  Ruggles- 
Brise  married  in  1847,  Marianne-Wayland, 
fourth  daughter  of  the  late  Sir  Bowyer 
Edward  Smijth,  Bart,  and  sister  to  Sir 
William  Smijth  the  present  Baronet. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


Aiay 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


KING  CHARLES  IN  THE  ISLE  OF  WIGHT. 

A  Narrative  of  the  attempted  Escapes  of  Charles  the  First  from  Carisbrook  Castle, 
and  of  his  Detention  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  from  November  1647,  to  the  seizure  of 
his  person  by  the  army  at  Newport,  in  November  1648  :  including  the  Letters  of 
the  King  to  Colonel  Titus,  now  first  deciphered  and  printed  from  the  originals. 
By  George  Hillier.     Lond.  8vo.  1852. 


THIS  is  not  a  book  the  editor's  por- 
tion of  which  we  think  it  desirable  to 
reyiew.  We  suppose  it  is  a  first  at- 
tempt, and  are  tnerefore  inclined  to 
treat  it  leniently ;  we  suppose,  also, 
that  it  has  been  published  in  haste, 
and  are  willing  to  attribute  to  that 
circumstance  its  incompleteness,  its 
omission  of  proper  acknowledgments 
to  authors  whose  works  hare  been  used, 
and  the  many  mistakes  which  we  have 
regretted  to  find  in  it.  The  compiler 
is  eridently  doubtful  of  his  own  com- 
petency. We  regret  that  he  did  not 
consider  that  circumstance  a  reason 
for  leaying  such  work  alone.  But  we 
will  pass  by  his  part  of  the  volume, 
and  consider  only  the  original  papers 
which  he  has  published. 

Charles  1.  being  at  Hampton  Court 
Palace  in  November  1647,  m  the  cus- 
tody of  the  army,  became  apprehensiye 
that  some  attempt  was  about  to  be 
made  upon  his  life.  The  circumstances 
justified  the  suspicion,  and  the  King 
determined  to  seek  safety  in  flight.  As 
in  all  previous  periods  of  his  history, 
when  trustwortny  advice  was  most 
needed,  it  was  either  not  at  hand,  or 
the  King  disregarded  it.  He  now  took 
counsel  of  the  same  person  who  had 
accompanied  him  from  Oxford  to  the 
Scotisn  army—"  Jack  Ashbumham,** 
as  his  majesty  seemed  to  delight  in 
terming  him,  who  had  the  charge  of 


the  privy  purse.  The  result  brought 
upon  Ashburnham  an  accusation  of 
unfaithfulness  to  the  King,  which  was 
probably  entirely  unmerited.  He  was 
a  weak  man  ;  vain,  self-conceited,  and 
altogether  incompetent  to  deal  with 
business  of  such  importance  as  was 
then  in  agitation,  or  with  such  persons 
as  Cromwell  and  Ireton.  In  spite  of 
the  experience  of  the  last  few  years, 
and  the  still  more  emphatic  warnings 
of  the  last  few  months,  Ashburnham 
retained  all  the  old  high  notions  of  the 
power  and  sacredness  of  the  royal  per- 
son and  authority,  and  he  seems,  more- 
over, to  have  been  of  a  trusting  nature, 
disposed  to  believe  men  honest,  if  they, 
or  anybody  else  for  them,  but  said  they 
were  so.  Charles  was  likely  to  think 
highly  of  such  an  adviser;  one  ready 
to  execute  without  scruple  whatever 
his  majesty  thought  proper  to  com- 
mand. Everything  Ashburnham  said, 
and  everything  he  did,  tended  to  con- 
firm the  King  in  all  his  own  delusions, 
and  therefore,  in  his  majesty's  opinion, 
there  was  nobody  so  trustworthy,  or 
so  much  to  be  relied  upon,  as  **  Jack 
Ashburnham." 

November  1647  was  a  dark  and 
stormj  month,  and  Thursday  the  11th 
peculiarlyroughandwet.  Afler  dinner 
the  King  retired  to  his  chamber,  ac- 
cording to  his  usual  custom,  and  con- 
tinued there,  occupied,  as  was  sup- 


King  Charles  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 


[Jan. 


posed,  in  letter- writing.  Night  closed 
in  ;  supper- time  arrived;  the  ordinary 
attendants  assembled  to  await  the  com- 
ing of  his  majesty  to  partake  of  the 
customary  meal ;  after  some  little  de- 
lay, the  parliamentary  commissioners 
and  other  persons  in  authority,  who 
were  in  the  habit  of  waiting  upon  his 
majesty  at  that  time,  began  to  suspect 
that  something  was  wrong.  Cromwell 
had  already  warned  Colonel  Whalley, 
who  was  the  chief  military  person 
there,  of  the  rumours  of  some  attempt 
against  the  King,  and  had  urged  him 
to"haveacare"  ofhisguards.  Whalley 
and  the  commissioners  went  straight  to 
theEing*s  apartment,  where  they  found 
no  King,  but  letters  directed  to  them- 
selves. By  these  explanatory  missives 
the  parliament  and  nation  were  ap- 
prised that  his  majesty,  apprehensive 
that  some  desperate  persons  had  a  de- 
sijgn  to  assassinate  him,  had  withdrawn 
himself,  with  intention  to  remain  con- 
cealed until  the  parliament  and  army 
had  come  to  an  agreement  as  to.  the 
terms  of  peace  in  which  they  deemed 
it  fit  for  nim  to  concur.  Tidings  of 
this  great  event  were  instantly  j^dis- 
patched  to  the  chief  persons  in  autho- 
rity. Amongst  the  rest,  Whalley  posted 
ofi*^  one  of  his  dragoons  to  Cromwell, 
who  was  then  stationed  at  Putney,  and 
at  twelve  o'clock  of  this  same  night — 
the  very  crisis  of  Cromwell's  fate  as 
well  as  the  King's — he  announced  the 
event  to  the  Speaker  in  plain  soldier- 
like terms  in  a  letter  from  Hampton 
Court. 

In  the  meantime,  where  was  the 
King  ?  Searching  round  the  palace, 
tracks  of  horses  were  found  at  the  back 
door  of  the  garden.  There  was  a  way 
of  communication  from  the  Kings 
apartment  into  the  garden.  That  way, 
it  was  rightly  concluded,  the  King  had 
gone.  He  left  the  palace  a  little  before 
nine,  accompanied  only  by  Will.  Legg. 
At  Ditton,  Ashburnham  and  Berkeley 
were  waiting  'for  him.  After  a  con- 
ference between  the  King  and  Ash- 
burnham they  all  four  started  off 
through  Oatlands  Park,  the  King  lead- 
ing the  way.  The  night  was  so  in- 
tensely dark,  that,  familiar  as  the  King 
was  with  all  that  country,  they  lost 
their  road,  went  ten  miles  out  of  the 
way,  and,  instead  of  reaching  Sutton 

'^  ?]  whi- 

been  sent 


nay,  auvi,  iiioi(\;ui4     wi     i<j<iviiiug    » 

in  Hampshire,  [Long  Sutton?] 
ther  a  relay  of  horses  had  beei 


forward  the  previous  day,  three  hours, 
as  they  expected,  before  daybreak, 
they  were  not  there  until  dawn.  There 
they  had,  also,  a  proof  of  the  strange 
carelessness  and  want  of  foresight 
which  characterised  the  whole  proceed- 
ing. Their  servant,  who  had  the 
charge  of  the  horses,  came  out  to 
meet  them  with  tidings  that  a  county 
committee  of  parliament  -  men  was 
lodging  in  the  inn  where  they  intended 
to  take  refreshment. 

Wet  and  weary  as  they  were,  the 
horses  were  ordered  out,  and  their 
journey  immediately  resumed.  Now 
they  began  to  confer  whither  they 
were  going.  As  they  had  lost  the  op- 
portunity of  conversation  in  the  inn, 
they  walked  down  the  next  hill,  with 
their  horses  in  their  hands,  and  as  they 
walked  "consulted  what"  they  "were 
to  do."  After  some  mere  chit-chat,  as 
it  would  seem,  the  King  announced  his 
determination  to  "  go  for  the  Isle  of 
Wight,"  but,  before  he  did  so,  directed 
Ashburnham  and  Berkeley  to  cross 
over  thither  and  confer  with  the  new 
governor  of  that  island  for  the  parlia- 
ment, Colonel  Hammond,  and  under- 
stand from  him  what  kind  of  reception 
he  was  willing  to  give  the  King.  In 
the  meantime,  the  King  and  Will. 
Legg  were  to  make  their  way  to  Tich- 
field,  where  they  were  secure  of  proper 
treatment  at  a  residence  of  Lord 
Southampton's,  inhabited  by  his  mo- 
ther. 

To  carry  out  this  plan  the  party  sepa- 
rated. The  King  reached  Tichneld  in 
the  evening  of  the  12th  November,  and 
Ashburnham  and  Berkeley  arrived  at 
Lymington  the  same  night.  Tht  wea- 
ther was  so  bad  that  they  were  unable 
to  cross  to  Yarmouth  until  the  next 
morning.  By  ten  o'clock  they  reached 
Carisbrook.  The  governor — a  young 
man,  nephew  to  Dr.  Hammond,  King 
Charles's  chaplain,  but  son-in-law  to 
Hampden,  and  extremely  intimate 
with  Cromwell — was  not  at  home.  He 
had  just  rode  out  towards  Newport. 
Ashburnham  and  Berkeley  went  after 
him.  They  overtook  him  on  the  high 
road.  Berkeley,  by  Ashburnham's  de- 
sire, broke  the  subject  of  their  com- 
mission to  him.  He  was  at  first  almost 
overwhelmed  with  astonishment;  he 
grew  pale  and  trembled  "  that  I  did 
really  believe,"  says  Sir  John  Berkeley, 
"  he  would  have  fallen  ofi*  his  horse," 


1853.] 


King  Charles  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 


but  afler  a  little  reflection  he  became 
reassured.  He  set  before  them  his 
double  duty,  and  would  undertake  no 
further,  than  that,  if  his  majesty  put 
himself  in  his  power,  he  would  do 
whatever  could  be  expected  from  a 
person  of  honour  and  honesty.  Of 
course,  this  should  not  have  satisfied 
the  King's  messengers.  But  it  did 
satisfy  them.  When,  afterwards,  the 
world  exclaimed  against  their  folly, 
they  threw  the  blame  on  one  another, 
and  on  the  best  judgment  we  can 
form  Ashburnham  was  the  more  faulty 
of  the  two.  This  seems  confirmed 
by  what  ensued  on  their  return  to 
Charles  with  Hammond  and  Basket, 
the  governor  of  Cowes  castle,  in  their 
company.  "Oh  Jack,  you  have  un- 
done me  1"  exclaimed  the  King.  Ash- 
burnham instantly  took  the  blame  upon 
himself  by  offenng  to  set  the  King 
free  again  by  the  assassination  of  Ham- 
mond and  Basket — a  proposal  which 
proves  the  wildness  and  indiscretion  of 
nis  character.  "  His  majesty  judged  it 
was  now  too  late  to  boggle,"  says  Sir 
John  Berkeley,  and  yielded  himself  to 
the  new  custody  which  his  followers 
bad  thus  arranged  for  him.  .  It  is  of 
little  use  speculating  upon  possibilities, 
but  it  seems  as  if  the  King  s  life  might 
have  been  saved  and  the  whole  current 
of  English  history  altered,  if,  instead  of 
sending  Ashburnham  and  Berkeley  to 
Hammond,  Charles  could  have  awaited 
the  arrival  of  some  small  craft  from 
France,  or  have  arranged  with  some  of 
the  fishermen  of  Southampton  water 
for  a  passage  to  the  continent. 

At  Carisbrook  the  King  soon  began 
to  quarrel,  in  a  very  undignified  way, 
with  Hammond,  and  to  plot  for  an 
escape.  His  old  servants  were  re- 
moved, and  new  ones  placed  about 
him,  some  of  whom  were  spies ;  others, 
as  Titus  and  Firebrace,  proved  true 
under  all  circumstances.  The  first 
endeavour  to  effect  an  escape  took 
place  in  March  1648.  Most  of  the 
letters  now  published  relate  to  the 
second  attempt. 

Letter  I.  is  written  by  the  King  in 
his  ordinary  hand,  and  is  signed  in  his 
accustomed  way.  It  is  directed  "  For 
Cap:  Titus,"  but  does  not  seem  to  have 
been  closed  or  folded  like  an  ordinary 
letter,  but  merely  to  have  been  dou- 
bled up  in  a  small  compass.  It  might 
have  been  put  into  the  finger  of  a 
glove  or  beea  held  with  ease  in  the 


palm  of  the  hand,  so  as  to  be  passed 
from  hand  to  hand  without  observa- 
tion. The  King  declares  his  necessity 
to  be  greater  than  ever,  and  pledges 
himself  that  services  done  to  him  at 
this  time  shall  have  the  first  place  in 
his  thoughts,  whenever  he  shall  be  in  a 
condition  to  requite  his  friends  and 
pity  his  enemies.  "  Lastly,"  he  adds, 
"  asseure  everjr  one  that  with  me  pre- 
sent services  wipes  out  former  falts." 
This  was  probably  a  letter  written  as 
a  kind  of  authority  to  be  shown  by 
Titus  to  other  persons  who  were  to  be 
employed  in  aiding  the  King's  escape. 
It  IS  undated.  There  is  a  fac-simile 
of  this  letter  in  Clutterbuck's  Hert- 
fordshire, i.^345. 

Letter  H.  like  all  the  remainder  is 
in  a  feigned  legal  hand.  It  addresses 
Titus  as  W.  and  is  signed  J.  This 
letter,  which  like  the  former  is  without 
a  date,  was  written  after  the  King's 
ineflectual  attempt  at  an  escape,  when 
he  was  unable  to  pass  his  body,  be- 
tween the  bars.  He  refers  Titus  to 
the  bearer,  probably  Firebrace,  for 
particulars  of  his  failure,  and  requests 
"advice  concerning  removing  of  ob- 
structions." It  had  been  suggested 
that  by  the  action  of  aqua  fortis  and  a 
file  he  might  remove  the  bar,  and  then 
be  able  to  let  himself  down. 

Letter  III.  dated  26th  April,  1648, 
from  J.  to  W.  denying  that  the  King 
had  written  something  about  his  medi- 
tated escape,  which  it  was  alleged  had 
come  to  light  from  an  intercepted  letter. 

Letter  TV.  undated.  The  King  di- 
rects Titus  to  give  full  instructions  to 
Osbom  and  Dowcett,  two  of  the  King's 
attendants  who  were  in  the  plot,  and 
one  of  whom  at  the  least  was  a  spy. 

Letter  V.  undated.  The  King  sends 
his  file  to  Titus,  and  wishes  him  "  to 
make  good  trials  and  give  him  good 
instructions ;  for  I  know  not,"  he  says, 
"  how  filing  can  be  without  much  noise 
and  time."  Firebrace  had  suggested 
that  the  King  might  pass  the  guards 
at  night,  and  go  out  at  once  that  way. 
Titus  is  directed  to  try  that  way  by 
making  "  this  fellow  of  the  backstairs 
try  how  he  can  conduct  his  friends  in 
and  out  at  that  time  of  night  without 
strict  examination  of  the  guards.  The 
providing  of  a  ship  is  left  to  Titus's 
care." 

Letter  VL  without  date.  Answer 
to  suspicions  entertained  of  some  one 
in  communication  with  the  King.  Titus 


6 


King  Charles  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 


[Jan. 


was  puzzled  to  know  through  whom 
information  of  what  passed  between 
himself  and  the  King  got  abroad.  The 
King  says — "  I  am  confident  that  no 
Sunday  since  I  came  here  (except  the 
last)  I  read  on  any  such  booke  as  Ar- 
genis."  He  begs  Titus  to  "  adjust  par- 
ticulars "  as  soon  as  he  can. 

Letter  Vn.  undated.  Answer  to 
the  repljr  to  the  last:  "I  pray  you 
think  which  way  I  shall  remove  the 
bar  out  of  my  window  without  noise 
and  unperceived,  and  what  time  it  will 
take  me  to  do  it." 

Letter  VIII.  undated.  "I  have 
been  considering  the  bar  of  my  win- 
dow, and  find  that  I  must  cut  it  in  two 
places ;  for  that  place  where  I  must 
cut  it  above  I  can  hide  it  with  the  lead 
that  ties  the  glass,  but  there  is  nothing 
that  can  hide  the  lower  part  ,*  where- 
fore I  conceive  it  cannot  but  be  dis- 
covered if  I  leave  it  off  when  I  have 
once  begun  it ;  and  how  to  make  but 
one  labour  of  it  I  cannot  yet  conceive : 
but  if  I  had  a  forcer  I  could  make  my 
way  well  enough,  or  if  you  could  teach 
me  how  to  make  the  fire-shovel  or 
tongs  supply  that  place,  which  I  be- 
lieve not  impossible.  I  pray  you  to 
be  sure  of  a  ship." 

Letter  IX.  undated.  The  difficulty 
of  removing  the  bar  leads  the  King  to 
prefer  the  plan  of  going  out  through 
the  guards,  "  if  any  one  officer  can  be 
engaged  in  it."  Titus  is  to  state  his 
opmion  whether  pro  or  con. 

Letter  X.  undated.  The  King  has 
but  one  query,  "  whether,"  he  writes, 
"  I  shall  have  time  enough  after  I  have 
supped  and  before  I  go  to  bed  to  re- 
move the  bar  :  for  if  I  had  a  forcer  I 
would  make  no  question  of  it ;  I  much 
doubt  that  my  time  be  too  scant." 
He  also  adds, "  there  must  be  terminus 
ad  quenu,  as  well  as  terminus  a  quo, 
therefore  I  desire  to  know  whither 
you  intend  that  I  should  go  after  I  am 
over  the  water."  This  letter  is  printed 
by  Clutterbuck  (Hist.  Hertfordshire, 
i.  345). 

Letter  XI.  Sunday  14th  May.  An- 
swer to  four  letters  received  from 
Titus  the  day  before,  with  many  others 
from  other  people.  "  As  for  our  great 
buincss,  I  desire  you  to  begin  to  wait 
for  me  on  Monday  next,  and  so  after 
every  night  for  a  week  together,  be- 
cause one  night  may  fail  and  [another  ?] 
accomplish  it ;  and  it  being  both  trou- 
blesome and  dangeroiu  to  send  off 


word  to  you.  .  .  It  is  my  chamber 
window  on  which  I  must  descend, 
the  other  being  so  watched  that  it 
cannot  be  cut,  wherefore  I  must  first 
to  bed,  so  that  my  time  of  coming 
from  my  chamber  may  be  about  eleven 
at  night.  You  must  give  me  a  pass- 
word that  I  may  know  my  friends  in 
the  dark." 

Letter  XII.  Monday,  22nd  May. 
Answer  to  three  letters.  "  I  will  offer 
my  life,  if  I  had  a  chance,  that  the 
discourse  concerning  Con  [the  papal 
agent]  and  my  wife  is  a  damned  lie. .  . 
I  desire  you  to  assure  all  my  friends 
in  my  name  that  all  this  is  punctuaUy 
true,  and  in  particular  to  457  (Lady 
Carlisle);  and  that  if,  as  you  have  said, 
there  shall  be  any  treaty  made  me  by 
the  Parliament  party,  I  would  only 
have  use  of  it  in  order  to  my  /escape. 
.  .  As  you  have  advised,  Wednesday 
next  may  be  the  night  I  shall  en- 
deavour to  escape,  but  I  desire  you,  if 
it  be  possible  before  then,  to  assure 
me  that  you  will  be  ready  oil  that 
night,  and  send  me  a  password,  which 
yet  you  have  not  done.  I  have  now 
no  more  to  say,  but  that  I  hope  yon 
will  remember  to  order  things  so  thai 
I  shall  need  no  stop  until  I  go  to  the 
ship." 

Letter  XIH.  Wednesday,  24th  May. 
"  Yours  of  yesterday's  date  I  have  re- 
ceived this  afternoon;  which,  though 
short,  gave  me  much  satisfaction,  and 
to  which  my  answer  is< — ^By  the  help 
of  fate  I  shall  try  to  escape  upon  Sun- 
day night  next.  The  cause  why  we 
could  not  do  it  this  night  is,  because 
the  course  of  the  guards  are  altered, 
for  our  men  have  it  settled  so  that 
their  turn  comes  but  on  Sunday  night 
next." 

On  the  night  appointed  Charles  again 
made  the  attempt.  He  cut  asunder 
and  removed  the  bar.  He  opened  the 
window  and  prepared  to  descend,  when, 
looking  downwards,  he  beheld  a  con- 
siderable number  of  persons  assembled 
round  the  spot  at  which  he  was  to 
alight.  He  looked  again,  observing 
more  attentively,  and  found  that  Dow- 
cett,  who  was  to  be  his  guide,  was  not 
there.  He  rightly  concluded  that  his 
plan  had  been  discovered.  He  drew 
back,  closed  the  casement,  and  went 
to  bed  in  an  agony  of  disappcnntment 
which  no  eye  beheld  and  no  heart  or 
pen  can  tell.  Hanmiond  wrote  the 
nest  day  to  the  House  of  Lords,  thai 


1853.] 


ISmg  Charlet  m  the  IsU  of  Wight. 


lie  had  been  informed  of  the  King's 
intention  to  escape,  on  the  Sunday 
morning,  bj  two  of  the  soldiers  who 
had  been  suborned ;  but,  in  truth,  he 
had  been  warned  that  there  was  "aqua 
fortis  gone  down  from  London  to  re- 
move that  obstacle  which  hindered, 
and  that  the  same  design  is  to  be  put 
in  execution  in  the  next  dark  nights," 
bj  a  letter  from  Cromwell,  dated  as 
long  before  as  the  6th  April.  The  fact 
seems  to  be,  that  the  King  was  sur- 
rounded bj  people  who  played  him 
&lse.  Everything  he  did  was  made 
known  to  the  leaders  of  the  army  and 
the  parliament ;  and  probably  all,  or 
nearly  all,  his  letters  were  intercepted 
and  read. 

Letter  XIV.  Saturday,  1  July,  1648. 
A  month  after  the  failure  of  the  King's 
attempt,  Titus  was  again  able  to  get 
into  correspondence  with  him.  "  I 
have  newly  received,"  the  King  writes, 
"  yours  of  the  22nd  June,  for  which  I 
know  not  whether  my  astonishment  or 
my  joy  were  the  greater ;  for  indeed 
I  did  despair  of  hearing  any  more  from 
you,  or  any  other  of  my  friends,  during 
these  damnable  times,  without  blaming 
anything  but  my  own  misfortune, 
which  makes  me  the  more  obliged  to 
your  kindness  and  industry  for  having 
found  means  to  convey  a  letter  to  me. 
He  adds,  that  he  will  send  him  or  his 
other  friends*  letters,  if  he  be  assured 
that  they  will  come  safe  to  him.  A 
facsimile  of  this  letter  is  given  in  Clut- 
terbuck's  Hertfordshire,  i.  345. 

Letter  XV.  Monday,  10  July,  1648. 
The  filing  reports  that  Hammond  the 
governor  had  been  endeavouring  to 
extract  from  him  some  information 
which  might  be  used  in  the  criminal 
proceedings  instituted  against  persons 
implicated  in  his  abortive  attempt  to 
escape.  The  King  states,  that  "all 
the  answer  the  King  would  give  him 
was, — K  he  knew  nothing  he  could  tell 
him  nothing,  or,  though  he  knew  any- 
thing, yet  he  would  tell  him  nothing ; 
because  his  maxim  is, — Never  to  clear 
one  man  to  the  prejudice  of  another, 
or  of  his  own  serjrice." 

This  is  the  last  of  these  letters.  In 
our  abstract  of  them  we  have  availed 
ourselves  of  Mr.  Hillier's  rendering  of 
the  cipher  in  which  some  parts  are 
written,  and  have  in  one  or  two  places 
supplied  omissions  in  his  transcripts. 
They  undoubtedly  constitute  a  very 


curious  collection — one  which  we  are 
delighted  to  find  at  last  settled  in  its 
proper  depository,  the  national  collec- 
tion of  MBS.  They  establish,  by  un- 
questionable evidence,  the  facts  re- 
specting the  meditated  escapes  from 
Carisbrook  \  they  prove  with  whom  the 
King  was  at  that  time  in  communi- 
cation; they  present  a  touching  pic- 
ture of  the  troubles  attendant  upon 
sovereignty  "  fallen  from  its  high  es- 
tate." The  narrative  of  the  succes- 
sive steps  by  which  the  last  fatal  and 
wicked  result  was  brought  about  can 
never  again  be  written  without  re- 
ceivinff  some  additional  certainty,  and 
some  lew  new  facts,  from  these  letters. 
They  are  a  supplement  to  the  letters 
of  Firebrace  and  the  narratives  of 
Berkeley,  Ashburnham,  Herbert,  and 
Cooke,  and,  considered  apart  from  the 
narrative  in  which  we  nnd  them,  we 
can  only  rejoice  that  they  have  been 
placed  beyond  the  reach  oi  accidental 
destruction. 

Melancholy  as  were  the  errors  of 
King  Charles,  and  the  folly  of  his  con- 
duct down  to  and  even  beyond  the 
time  to  which  these  letters  relate,  all 
feeling  is  forgotten  from  the  moment 
he  rejected  the  proposals  of  the  army, 
save  pity  for  his  obviously  approaching 
fate.  Without  the  aid  of  such  fraudu- 
lent endeavours  to  excite  commisera- 
tion as  the  lines  entitled  Majesty  in 
Misery,  which  are  here  reprinted  with 
the  stamp  of  the  editor's  approval,  the 
facts  of  the  last  fiileen  months  of  the 
King's  life  constitute  one  of  the  saddest 
passages  in  our  annals, — a  proof  alike 
of  the  certain  results  of  obstinate  ad- 
herence to  misgovemment,  and  of  the 
fearfiil  wickedness  to  the  commission 
of  which  even  well-meaning  men  may, 
under  particular  circumstances,  be  in- 
cited. 

The  Appendix  to  the  present  volume 
contains  several  papers  relating  to  the 
mission  upon  which  Titus  was  sent  by 
Charles  II.  from  Scotland  into  France, 
to  consult  Henrietta  Maria  upon  a 
marriage  between  Charles  H.  and  a 
daughter  of  the  Marquis  of  Argyle, 
suffgested,  according  to  Clarendon,  in 
order  to  amuse  the  Marquis.  The 
King's  instructions  are  here  by  a  mis- 
print dated  in  1657  instead  of  1651. 
The  Queen's  answer  was — 

1  am  not  uninformed  of  my  Lord  of 
Argyle's  ability,  credit,  or  affections,  nor 


8 


how  usefully  be  hath  employed  them  all 
for  the  good  and  benefit  of  the  King  my 
son ;  there  is  nothing  new  or  extraordinary 
that  a  person  so  well  born  as  the  Marquis 
of  Argyle's  daughter  should  be  married  to 
the  crown;  towards  this  daughter  there 
can  be  no  exception  in  regard  of  herself, 
she  being  a  person  of  whom  I  never  heard 
anything  but  very  good.  But  it  is  to  be 
considered,  that  the  misfortunes  under 
which  we  are  fallen  are  of  a  large  exten- 
gion — that  the  settlement  of  the  affairs  of 
Scotland,  though  it  be  a  great  and  diflScult 
work,  yet  not  to  be  rested  in  without  the 
recovery  of  England  ;  that  the  kingdom  of 
England,  upon  very  great  claims,  is  like 
to  require  a  part  in  a  council  in  which  it 
is  so  much  concerned,  and  would  take 
themselves  to  be  too  justly  offended  if  by 
a  present  conclusion  of  the  thing  in  ques- 
tion they  should  find  themselves  totally 
excluded  from   it.     That  even   Scotland 


Letters  of  Benjamin  Franklin. 


[Jan. 


itself  may  not  be  without  parties,  very  con- 
siderable to  the  present  affairs,  that  would 
be  so  far  perhaps  from  concurring  now  to 
this  matter  that  a  finishing  of  it  might 
induce  a  most  unseasonable  irritation  to 
them, 

On  these  grounds  the  Queen  advised 
that  the  thing  remain  for  a  while  in  the 
same  state  it  doth,  by  which  he  [Charles 
II.]  will  have  the  opportunity,  if  the  diffi- 
culties that  now  occur  should  be  removed, 
to  go  then  seasonably  through  with  it. 

Titus  delayed  his  return,  Argyle 
opposed  Charles's  march  into  England, 
and  the  battle  of  Worcester  put  an  end 
to  all  thoughts  of  matrimony  for  seve- 
ral years,  during  which  Argyle  re- 
turned to  that  close  alliance  with 
Cromwell  which  ultimately  led  to  his 
very  iniquitous  execution. 


LETTERS  OF  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN. 

In  a  collection  of  autographs  of  eminent  Americans,  now  in  the  possession  of  Mrs. 
John  Gough  Nichols,  are  two  from  the  hand  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  which  we  believe 
are  hitherto  unpublished. 

The  first  was  written  in  the  year  1769,  when  he  was  in  London,  and  "about  to  make 
a  little  tour  in  France."  It  is  addressed  to  his  bankers  on  private  business,  and  con- 
cludes with  ordering  a  lottery  ticket  to  be  purchased  for  a  friend  at  Boston. 

The  second  is  a  paper  written  on  a  much  more  important  occasion.  It  is  a  dispatch 
announcing  the  arrival  in  Europe  of  the  ratification  of  the  Definitive  Treaty  of  Peace 
between  England  and  America,  after  it  had  been  delayed  by  the  severity  of  the  winter 
in  America.  It  is  dated  from  Passy,  near  Paris,  and  addressed  in  the  joint  names  of 
Benjamin  Franklin  and  John  Jay,  the  Commissioners  for  negociating  the  peace,  to 
David  Hartley,  esquire,  who  then  held  some  other  diplomatic  appointment  from  the 
United  States. 

Benjamin  Franklin  to  Messrs.  Smith  ami  Co,  Batikers  in  London. 
Gentlemen,  Craven  Street,  July  11,  1769. 

I  have  desired  Messrs.  Freeth  of  Birmingham  to  send  one  of  their 
Corn  Mills  pack'd  up  and  directed  to  your  Care  for  my  Son.  As  I  shall  pro- 
bably be  abroad  when  it  comes  up,  being  about  to  make  a  little  Tour  in 
France,  I  beg  you  would  be  so  good  as  to  receive  it,  and  ship  it  with  Capt. 
Falconer,  pay  Messrs.  Freeth  for  it,  and  charge  it  to  my  ace*. 

I  shall  be  farther  obliged,  not  having  time  to  come  into  the  City,  if  you  can 
send  me  to  morrow  Forty  Guineas. 

May  I  farther  give  you  the  Trouble  of  buying  for  me  two  Lottery  Tickets, 
to  be  sent  me  with  the  Money — Or  rather,  on  second  Thou^ts,  keep  them, 
writing  a  Line  to  Mr.  Jonathan  Williams,  Mercli*,  Boston,  acquainting  him 
with  their  Numbers,  for  they  are  for  him. 

To  I  am,  with  much  Esteem, 

Mess"  Smith,  Wright  &  Grey,  Yours,  &c. 

Bankers,  B.  Franklin. 

Lombard  Street. 

I 


18o30 


Letters  of  Benjamin  Frctnklin* 


Benjamin  FraMin  and  Jtyhn  Jay  to  David  Hartiey* 

Sir,  Fftss^*  March  31,  1784. 

We  have  now  the  Pleasure  of  acquainHng'yoii^  that  the  Ratification  of  the 
definitive  Treaty  is  arrive<i  here  by  an  Express  from  Congress.  You  hnve 
Jreadv  been  informed  that  the  Severity  of  the  winter  in  Aiuericn,  which  hin- 
Ired  TraTelling,  had  occiision*d  a  Delay  in  the  ass^einbling  of  the  States.  As 
ffi'  sufficient  number  were  got  to^^ether,  the  Treaty  was  taken  into  Con- 

Mnd  the  Uatilication  passVJ  unanimou.sly*  Ini^los'd  yon  have  copies 
E>i  tiiL'  1  xuclamation  iisdued  on  Ine  occasion,  and  of  the  recomiiiendatory  Reso- 
_[ition.  The  Mejsseneer  wafl  detained  at  New  York  near  a  Months  by  the  Ice 
f%»hich  prevented  the  racket-Bout's  mailing,  otherwise  be  would  probably  have 
been  h^re  in  Ftibruary.  We  are  now  ready  to  exchange  the  HatiQcations  with 
you,  whenever  it  shall  be  convenient  to  you.  With  great  and  sincere  Esteem, 
*re  have  the  Honour  to  be, 

Str,^ 

Your  Excellency *s  most  obedient 

&  most  humble  Servant?, 

Jons  Jay, 
lis  Excellency  David  Hartley,  B»q, 
&c*        &c.        &c. 


FARINELLI  AND  POMPADOUR. 


•*  I  HAVE  stooped  to  flatter  Fari- 
itelli,  why  should  1  hesitate  to  praise 
Pompadotir  ?'*  In  this  speech,  uttered 
by  Maria  Theresa  when  political  ne- 
oeBsity  was  bendin^  her  Imperial  neck 
beneath  the  heel  of  a  French  King's 
mistreat!-,  there  was  a  mixture  of  insult 
and  injury*  Farinelli  was  as  honest  a 
man  »»  any  in  the  court  of  Charles  VI. 

I '— Alaria  Theresa's  father.  Perhaps 
Pompadour  was  as  honest  a  woman  aa 

"any  in  tfie  court  of  Louis  XV* ;  but 
htinf.?ty  was  not  to  be  found  in  the 
rufmirage  of  that  able  yet  idle,  accom* 
phifihed  yet  worlhle^s,  monarch.  Honour 
and  honesty  maintained  a  dull  but 
lespci'tuble  state  in  the  saloons  of  his 
cnii-ort  »nd  of  his  royal  daughters. 

The  King's  own  circle  was  made  up 
of  incarnate  iniquity,  galloping  paily 

^lo  meet  the  deluge  which  Fompa<lour 
Tiad  prophesied,  and  in  the  eddies  of 
which  so  many  French  governments 
have  encountered  destruction.  To 
place  FnrineUi'on  the  same  level  as 
Pompadour  was  therefore  to  inflict  on 

^tiie  former  no  inconsiderable  wrong. 
To  admire  the  artistic  skill  of  either  was 
Ho  condescension,  even  in  an  Empress, 
To  speak  of  Pompadour  as  an  artist 
It  tfi  notice  her  in  a  character  which 
looks  ^tranjre  to  the  general  public ; 
Grnt.  M\<3,  Vol*  XX XIX. 


but  in  truth  her  line  of  art,  in  which 
to  excel  she  needed  but  the  poor  quali- 
fications of  necessity  and  virtue,  wa.^ 
superior  to  that  by  which  Farinelli 
acliieved  renown  and  fortune.  Let 
us  gkuce  at  both  in  their  respective 
jmrauits. 

At  the  court  of  Vienim,  at  the  be- 
ginning of  lite  last  i-eniury^  the  chief 
favourite  of  the  iraperiul  amateur 
Charles  VI.  was  Porpora,  the  great 
oiasiter  of  recitative  iiiul  measured  art, 
a  iiiao  whose  tuition  enabled  many  to 
become  rich,  but  who^e  profuse  gcne- 
ro,Hity  ren<kred  his  extreme  old  age 
one  of  miserable  penury.  Porpora 
owed  liis  poyitioD  at  X'ienna  to  what 
would  have  ruined  a  composer  any 
where  else.  The  Emperor,  who  cared 
only  for  solemn  music,  and  was  never 
known  to  pmilc,  bur'^t  into  a  fit  of 
uncontrollable  laughter  at  hearing  a 
shower  of  trills  in  one  of  Porpora** 
capering  t'ugues.  The  man  whocouhl 
excite  risibility  in  a  sardonic  Kai§er, 
wfts  accounted  as  Bomcthing  above 
the  common,  and  Porpora  waa  more 
esteemed  than  if  he  had  been  a  phi- 
losopher. 

About  this  time  there  was  a  mai'- 
vellously  tuneful  boy  at  Naples,  who 
was  distinguished  by  the  title  of  H 
C 


10 


Fa7*inellt  and  Pompadour. 


[Jan. 


JRugazzo,  or  "  the  boy,"  but  whose  name 
was  Carlo  Broscbi  Farinelli.  This  lad 
became  the  pupil  of  Porpora,  who  pro- 
duced him  at  the  age  of  seventeen  to 
the  critical  public  of  Home.  The  suc- 
cess of  Farmelli  excited  the  jealousy 
of  the  longest-winded  trumpeter  ever 
known,  and  the  two  (instrumentalist 
and  vocalist)  nightly  endeavoured  to 
excel  each  other  m  uttering  the  greatest 
amount  of  notes  without  taking  breath, 
while  the  intellectual  audience  sat 
mutely  listening  with  enraptured  ears. 
On  one  occasion  the  trumpeter  scat- 
tered whole  avalanches  of  sound,  while 
Farinelli  competed  with  him  in  never- 
ending  "runs."  The  instrumentalist 
was  lost  in  his  own  continuance  of 
harmonious  noise,  till  his  trembling 
lips  strove  in  vain  to  puff,  however 
faintly,  a  crowning  note.  He  fondly 
thought  he  had  gained  the  prize,  but 
his  astonishment  was  great  at  hearing 
Farinelli  dashing  on,  in  the  same  breath 
with  which  he  had  started,  now  swell- 
ing, now  shaking  upon  the  note,  anon 
running  the  most  rapid  and  difficult 
divisions,  and  at  length  ceasing,  not 
from  exhaustion,  but  because,  through 
the  tumultuous  approbation  of  the  au- 
dience, he  could  be  heard  no  more. 
It  was  ascertained  that  he  could  sing 
three  hundred  notes  without  drawing 
breath.  When  it  is  remembered  that 
few  other  vocalists  have  been  able  to 
accomplish  more  than  fifty  under  the 
same  conditions,  some  idea  may  be 
entertained  of  the  powers  in  this  re- 
spect of  young  Farinelli. 

Charles  VI.  not  only  criticised  poor 
Porpora,  but  he  condescended  to  give 
counsel  to  his  pupil ;  and,  while  the 
Emperor  was  engaged  in  averting  the 
ruin  which  threatened  his  great  in- 
heritance, he  found  time  to  show  Fari- 
nelli how  he  might  add  pathos  to  spirit, 
unite  simplicity  with  sublimity,  and 
excite  as  much  admiration  as  astonish- 
ment. Charles  VI.  could  not  conquer 
at  Belgrade,  but  he  could  make  a 
finished  singer  of  Farinelli.  The  flat- 
tery paid  to  the  latter  by  Maria- 
Theresa  was  therefore  but  filial  eulogy 
addressed  to  a  father  who  was  an  in- 
different Emperor,  but  who  would 
have  made  an  invaluable  leader  of  an 
operatic  orchestra. 

England  was  anxious  to  hear  a  man 
who  united  in  his  own  person  the  ex- 
cellences of  all  other  vocalists;    and 


in  1734  he  appeared  in  Hasse's  opera 
of  "  Artaserse,"  for  which  the  words 
had  been  expressly  furnished  by  Me- 
tastasio.  The  locality  was  the  house 
in  Lincoln's-inn-fields,  a  rival  to  that 
in  the  Haymarket,  where  Handel 
reigned  supreme,  yet  found  it  difficult 
to  counteract  the  attraction  of  Fari- 
nelli, supported  by  the  exquisite  and 
wayward  Cuzoni, — a  lady  who  mi^ht 
have  revelled  in  gold  like  "  Miss  Kiel- 
mansegg,"  but  who  lived  to  feel  star- 
vation, and  who  then  spent  a  guinea, 
given  her  in  charity,  in  purchasing  a 
bottle  of  claret.  The  donor  wonder- 
ingly  beheld  her  pour  the  costly  wine 
into  a  basin,  dip  a  "pennyworth  of 
bread"  therein,  and  so  show  how  a 
famished  actress  loved  to  breakfast 

The  effect  produced  by  Farinelli 
in  England  had  never  before  been 
equalled,  and  certainly  has  never  since 
been  paralleled.  It  is  said  that  on  one 
occasion,  as  he  was  playing  the  part  of 
a  captive  prince,  the  tyrant  to  whom 
he  was  pleading  for  liberty  was  ^  so 
touched  by  his  sweet  and  plaintive 
strains  that  he  spontaneously  tore  the 
light  fetters  from  the  limbs  of  the  pri- 
soner, and  gave  a  new  reading  to  the 
catastrophe,  to  the  intense  delight 
of  an  enraptured  audience.  In  tWe 
famous  air  ofSon  qual  Nave  he  perfectly 
electrified  his  hearers.  Sounds  so 
musical,  so  melancholy,  and  so  sweet, 
were  novel  to  the  untutored  but 
greedily  attentive  ears  of  our  great- 
grandfathers, and  when  these  listened 
to  the  lightning  rapidity  of  roulades 
which  lagging  violins  strove  in  vain  to 
keep  up  with,  such  ovations  ensued  in 
honour  of  the  performer  as  had  never 
been  conferred  upon  the  brightest  of 
the  sons  of  philosophy  and  science. 

But  the  name  of  Farinelli  will  ever 
remain  most  connected  with  Spain. 
He  proceeded  to  Madrid  in  1737, 
taking  Paris  in  his  way,  and  even 
charming  a  French  court  where,  then 
as  now,  Italian  music  and  Italian  throats 
were  accounted  as  things  very  inferior 
to  what  France  could  produce  in  the 
same  line.  On  the  arrival  of  the  great 
artist  in  Madrid  he  was  at  once  sum- 
moned to  the  palace,  where  lay  a  king 
enslaved  bjr  a  melancholy  which  it  was 
thought  might  be  made  to  yield  to  the 
magic  of  the  foreign  minstrel.  The 
particular  madness  of  Philip  assumed 
the  form  of  an  unclean  insanity  which 


J  8530 


FuHnelli  and  Pompadour* 


11 


is  general  euougli  in  those  continental 

uitles  wherein  men  seem  determined 

bnt  beards  are  natural  and  inviatmble 

filppenda;^es  to  chins.     In  other  words, 

Iphilip  of  Spain  refused  to  shave  or  be 

^shaven.  His  rdatioQa  and  friendi)^  his 
medical  men  (barber-surgeons)^  and 
even  his  confesi^ors,  in  vain  assailed 
the  royal  ear  with  recommendations  to 
lay  down  the  hirsute  taberoiiele  which 
veiled  the  royal  face  from  the  re- 
spectful g^aze  of  the  lieges.  Philip 
answered  never  a  word,  but  continued 
to  caress  bis  beard,  than  which  his  ear 
was  not  deafer  to  remonstrance.  The 
whole  court  was  at  its  small  wit's  ead 
when  Farinelli  arrived  to  work  a  cure 
which   had   defied    the    faculty,   and 

p  which  waa  to  be  wrought  by  song.  He 
rns  placed  in  a  room  adjoining  that 
rherein  reclined  the  moody  aiid  lont«f- 
Jed   majesty  of  Spain.      As  the 

"first  notes  of  the  gifted  niinatrel  fell 
*m  the  sick  ear  of  the  Km^,  a  frown 
darkened  his  brow  as  though  he  were 
determined  to  resist  the  voice  of  the 
charmer,  charm  be  never  so  wisely. 
The  fniwu,  however,  soon  gave  way  to 
a  smilet  and  as  the  notes  fell  in  liquid 
sweetness  from  the  lips  of  the  son  of 

i«on^,  clear  and  full  and  solemn  as 
though  an  archangel  were  delivering  a 
message  of  consolation  from  the  skicH, 

I  the  hand  of  the  monarch  dropped  from 
the  bciird  which  it  gasped  and  guarded, 

'  and  tenrs  be*an  to  liow  freely  from 
eyes  that  for  weeks  had  been  dry, 
rigid,  and  sleepless.  The  cure  was 
accomplished,  an  ecstatic  circle  knelt 
around  the  King,  and  the  latter  sub- 
luitted  himself  with  graceful  alacrity 
to  the  ready  skill  and  lon^^  razors  of 
lie  Figaros  of  the  court.  The  merit 
'  Fariaeiii  could  not  be  allowed  to 
unrewarded.  The  royal  faouly 
Donopolised  his  person  and  talents, 
attached  him  exclusively  to  the  service 
of  the  court,  and,  holding  that  the 
human    instrument   which    had    been 

Mivinely  sent  as  a  remedy  to  lead  a 
Spanish  monarch  to  reason  and  a  soup- 
iish,  was  too  good  to  be  permitted  to 

'enchant  the  mean  ears  of  the  people, 
Farinelli  was  lodged  in  the  palace, 
created  a  knight,  and  a  pension  as- 
~_ned  him  whereby  to  maintain  his 
ew  dignity  with  the  air  of  a  cavalier, 
"The  dew  of  grace  bless  our  new 
knight,  to-day/  is  tlie  wish  which 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  place  on  the 


lips  of  Yaletta  in  behalf  of  Miranda. 
Few  such  salutations  greeted  Fari- 
nelli. The  heUica  virtus  was  jealous  of 
one  who  had  achieved  more  than  a 
warriors  fSirtune,  arte  canendt^  by  trills 
ratbtfr  than  thrustt^,  by  the  tongue  ami 
not  by  the  sword.  An  old  battered 
officer  who  had  long  waited  in  the 
royal  antechamber  in  expectation  of  a 
pension,  one  day,  seeing  Farinelli  pass 
into  the  monarches  apartment  without 
ceremony,  exclaimed  that  it  was  a 
shame  that  such  squeaking  dolls  should 
be  clothed  in  gold  white  old  soldiert 
were  left  to  rttgd  and  starvation,  Fa- 
rinelli gently  glanced  at  the  bold 
speaker,  learned  his  name,  examined 
his  claims,  liberally  aided  him  from 
his  own  purse,  and  finally  obtained  for 
him  from  the  King  the  honourable 
ffratuity  which  the  old  soldier's  service* 
h^id  nobly  earned.  Such  traits  as 
thei^e  were  common  in  Farinelli^s  daily 
career,  and  she  who  praised  the  actor 
had  hardly  have  needed  to  apologise 
for  it,  or  to  cidl  the  eulogy  a  stooping 
to  liattery.  At  all  events  one  thing  ia 
clear,  namely,  that  the  family  of  Fari- 
nelli waif  accustt>med  to  honours  from 
crowned  heads.  Thus  the  uncle  of  the 
great  artist,  who  began   life  us  com- 

S>ser,  violinist,  and  concert -master  at 
anover,  lived  not  only  to  be  ennobled 
by  the  Kinjj  of  Denmark,  but  iiclually 
residetl  at  Venice  as  the  representative 
of  our  George  I. 

Farinelli  continued  in  the  vocal 
service  of  the  crown  of  Spain  fur 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and,  by 
wearing  his  honours  modestly  and  ap- 
plying hia  fortune  liberally, he  acquired 
a  popularity  which  exleruied  to  all 
elasijcs.  It  is  said  that  during  the 
whole  of  that  lime  he  rarely  sung  in 
public,  except  when  commanded  by 
royalty  and  honoured  by  its  presence. 
Innumerable  are  the  ntories  totd  on  the 
other  hand  of  the  stratagems  adopted 
by  individuals  to  get  within  henringof 
his  woiidtirful  voice.  The  tradespeople 
whom  he  patronised,  dc8|nsing  ducats, 
cared  only  to  be  paid  in  song ;  and 
melancholy  tailors  ottered  to  receipt 
his  bilk  in  full  if  he  would  but  treat 
them  to  as  many  roulades  as  his  ac- 
count  contained  pistoles. 

Afler  his  long  triumph,  as  soon  as 
time,  that  ttlnx  of  voices  as  well  as  of 
other  things,  began  to  m.ake  gentle 
iiupressicHi  upcm  the  organ  for  which 


12 


Farinelli  and  Pompadour, 


£Jan» 


all  bearers  would  have  desired  an  im- 
mortal endurance,  Farinelli  withdrew 
to  his  native  Italy,  and  in  his  splendid 
palazzo  welcomed  all  comers,  and  par- 
ticularly his  English  visitors,  with  the 
grace  of  a  prince  and  the  heartiness  of 
an  honest  and  sincere  man.'  He  was 
At  this  time  unwise  enough  to  make  a 
short  professional  sojourn  in  England; 
but  our  grandfathers  could  only  dis- 
cover in  him  the  excellent  method  but 
no  longer  the  incomparable  voice  of 
the  Farinelli  of  well-nigh  half  a  century 
before.  He  accepted  the  lesson  of  his 
comparative  failure  with  cheerful  meek- 
ness, and,  once  more  turning  his  face 
homeward,  he  died  "  a  blameless  man," 
in  the  year  1782,  in  the  84th  year  of 
his  age.  ,  There  are  yet  persons  living 
who  were  contemporary  with  the  man 
who  was  singing  in  his  youth  when 
"  Great  Anna  "  was  our  Queen  ! 

Such  was  Farinelli ;  as  for  Madame 
de  Pompadour,  if  she  was  less  worthy 
as  an  individual,  she  was  even  greater 
as  an  artist,  and,  but  for  the  temptation 
to  which  she  yielded,  she  might  have 
held  the  most  digni6ed  place  in  the 
Dictionary  of  Engravers. 

When  Louis  AV.  married  Maria 
Leczinska,  daughter  of  Stanislas  ex- 
King  of  Poland,  the  modest  bride- 
groom was  but  fifteen  years  of  age, 
the  bride  some  seven  years  older.  For 
several  years  a  more  exemplary  couple 
could  not  have  been  found  ;  but  at  last 
it  might  have  been  said  of  the  King, 
as  Massillon  said  of  his  royal  grand- 
father, he  forgot  every  duty  owing  to 
the  Queen,  save  that  of  politeness.  He 
fancied  that  his  infidelity  was  well 
paid  for  by  excessively  candying  his 
courtesy.  If  his  wife  ever  ventured 
to  tax  him  with  wickedness,  she  at 
least  could  never  say  he  was  uncivil. 

It  was  Cardinal  Fleury  who  led  the 
young  monarch  into  iniquity.  The 
King  had  capacity  for  business  and 
wished  to  exercise  it,  but  the  Cardinal 
put  in  his  way  the  young  and  simple 
Madame  de  Mailly.  This  young  lady's 
guilty  greatness  was  envied  by  her 
sister,  a  little  novice,  who  used  to  visit 
her  at  Versailles,  and  who  contrived 
to  have  her  ejected  and  to  succeed  to 
her  dishonour.  When  the  sister  (De 
Ventimille)  died,  the  first  concubine 
was  restored  to  her  old  disgraceful 
dignity,  from  which  she  was  finally 
•deposed   by  another   sister,  Mmc.  de 


Tournelle,  who  drove  her  sister  inta 
a  convent,  forced  the  King  into  active 
life  at  the  head  of  his  armies,  and  dis- 
played her  own  brilliant  beauty  in  the 
camp  as  Duchess  de  Chateauroux. 
The  Duchess  was  the  lady  of  the  hour 
when  the  King  was  attacked  by  dan- 
gerous illness  at  Metz.  Like  another 
celebrated  potentate,  he  was  never  sick 
without  longing  to  be  a  saint,  and  his 
confessor  induced  him  to  dismiss  the 
mistress.  The  Duchess  re-appeared 
when  the  King  became  well  and 
wicked.  Death,  however,  soon  closed 
her  brief  reign.  Her  sister,  Madame 
de  Lauraguais,  was  unable  to  keep 
long  the  post  which  had  been  held  by 
three  so  near  akin.  A  fierce  struggle 
ensued  among  ladies  of  the  highest 
blood  to  succeed  to  the  vacant  infamy, 
and,  while  intrigue  was  at  its  very 
hottest  and  highest,  in  stepped  a  tame- 
less but  pert  and  pretty  girl,  who  con- 
trived to  subdue  the  monarch  as  com- 
pletely as  she  enslaved  the  man. 

Her  name  was  Jeanne  Poisson.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  a  rather  gay 
mother  and  of  a  clerk  in  a  government 
office,  who  once  very  narrowly  escaped 
hanging  for  fraudulent  practices.  She 
received  a  brilliant  education  at  the 
expense  of  a  certain  M.  le  Norman t 
de  Tournehara,  whose  paternal  regard 
for  her  was  not  exercised  without 
reason,  and  whcftook  an  honest  fatherly 
pride  in  seeing  her  in  her  earliest  youth 
proficient  in  music  and  drawing,  and 
especially  in  copper-plate  engraving, 
and  in  engraving  on  gems.  M.  Le 
Norma^t  gave  this  accomplished  lady 
in  marriage  to  his  nephew  Le  Normant 
d'Etiolles.      The  young  husband  was 

Elain,  childishly  simple,  but  warm- 
earted.  The  young  wife  was  enchant- 
ing, cunning,  and  calculating.  She 
detested  her  consort,  and  was  even 
then  looking  to  titular  consortship  with 
a  King.  In  the  meantime  she  main- 
tained a  little  court  around  her,  the 
chief  officers  of  which  were  Voltaire 
and  Cahusac,  Fontenelle,  Montesquieu, 
Maupertuis,  and  the  gallant  Abbe  de 
Bernis,  of  whom  she  subsequently 
made  a  Cardinal  and  a  Minister  of 
Foreign  Affiiirs.  It  will  be  seen  that 
she  had  taste  in  selecting  her  followers. 
There  was  not  a  fool  among  them.  She 
so  worshipped  intellect  that  I  question 
if  she  would  have  even  cared  for  the 
King  himself,  but  that,  among  other 


1853] 


F'ayinetli  and  Pompadour. 


|uttlUies,  he  possesseil  uDder&tamling — 
in  uoderBtandingwliiuh  itB  owner  mia- 
ipjilJtiOi  aud  whicli  Jeanne  Poissoii 
abused. 

In  the  King'*  service  there  was  b 
ivourite  attendant,  a  male  cousin  of 
iadame  d'Etiolles,  One  idle  morning, 
rhen  the  monarch  seemed  to  beulready 
rearj  of  the  day,  this  attendant  ven- 
ttired  to  remark  that  he  had  beard  of 
a  strange  mad-cap  of  a  young  wife 
who  lind  hiugliingly  told  her  husband 
]|hat  she  wouhl  he  constant  to  bim 
rraiiifct  all  the  world,  excepting  only  the 
ting  of  France  and  Navarre.  Louis 
alle<),  ordered  his  hunting  equipage, 
shot  a  stag  in  the  Forest  of  fc^enaart, 
and  entering  the  chateau  d*EtJollea,  on 
the  skirts  of  the  forest,  presented  the 
antlers  to  the  master  of  the  house! 
1'he  young  hu^band^  overwhelmed  with 
the  honour^  suspended  the  horns  above 
ijhe  door  of  his  drawing-room*  At  all 
be  King*s  subse<|uent  hunting  parties, 
'^^adame  d'EtioUes  was  preac-nt, dressed 
in  greater  variety  of  costume  than  ever 
was  worn  by  Diana,  and  looking  in- 
litcly  more  bewitching.  She  waa  an 
Admirable  rider,  and  at  length  she 
f;iirly  rode  away  with  the  Kitig,  M. 
d'Etiolles  received  a  little  biUei  that 
night  from  his  wite,  politely  informing 
him  that  she  was  on  a  visit  to  Ver- 
iiilles,  and  did  not  very  well  know 
rhen  she  should  be  back.  M.  d'EtioUes 
looked  up  musingly  at  the  royal  pre- 
sent over  his  drawing-room  door,  and 
shook  his  head  as  if  oppressed  by  the 
weight  of  his  very  thoughts.  A  day 
l_4»r  two  later  he  began  to  give  to  these 
houghts  tncanttous  utterance,  and  his 
ndi sere t ion  was  I'ewarded  by  an  ap- 
ointraentwhichexiled  him  to  Avignon. 
le  bore  the  banishment  for  a  year 
»ith  feverish  impatience,  and  then  ca- 
jitulated.  He  purchased  a  perm isa ion 
In  return  to  Paris  by  promising  never 
t*i  trouble  his  errant  spouse,  and  never 
jUi  enter  a  theatre  after  iutimalion 
jiven  to  him  that  she  was  likely  to  be 
resent.  When  he  returned  to  the 
capita  J  be  heard  no  more  of  his  wife 
■hy  name,  but  much  o[  a  Marchioness 
<le  Pompadour,  whose  wit,  vivacity, 
k  And  grace  had  eataldiBhed  a  permanent 
cstasy  at  Versailles,  whof^e  accom- 
jilif^hnients  had  excited  an  interest  even 
In  the  uiied-up  King,  and  whose  pro- 
digious extravagance  was  the  wonder 
and  indigmttitm  of  the  Parisian^},     As 


m 


for  her  old  father  he  was  placed  In 
ignoble  ease.  Of  her  brother  she  had 
mTade  a  Marquis  de  Vandiere, — a  title 
which  the  wits  of  the  capital  had  con- 
verted into  Manjuis  d'Avant'hier^  or 
of  *'  the  day  before  yesterday."  The 
wounded  gentleman  toiled  the  punsters 
by  changing  his  marrtuisate  to  that  of 
"  de  Marigny,"  and  by  procuring  his 
appointment  to  the  lucrative  ofBces  of 
diivclor  and  ct»ntroller-generid  of  the 
buildings,  woods,  forests,  arts,  and 
manufactures  of  the  kingdom)  One 
of  the  finest  line  engravings  I  have 
ever  seen,  and  partly  the  work  of  his 
sister,  represents  him,  with  his  titles 
annexed,  as  a  portly  young  man,  look- 
ing perfectly  unconscious  that  his 
honours  were  the  price  of  his  sister's 
dijihonour. 

The  treasures  of  the  kingdom  were 
made  to  flow  at  the  Marchioness's 
good  pleasure,  and,  if  she  sometimes 
directed  them  in  a  praiseworthy  way, 
she  too  often  lavishly  misappropriated 
tbt:m.  Royal  residences  were  assigned 
her,  and  revenues  to  support  them* 
The  magnificent  chateau  of  Belle- 
Vue,  well  known  to  all  who  have 
visited  the  environs  of  Pari;*,  sprung 
up  from  the  ground  like  a  tairy  palace 
at  her  bidding.  The  neighbouring 
landholders  were  compelled  to  sur- 
render their  land  at  prices  fixed  by 
the  cQurti  that  she  might  have  space 
enough  of  garden-ground  to  entertain 
her  royal  lover  and  his  numerous 
suite.  When  she  purchased  the  arts* 
toeratio  mansion  of  the  D'Evreux  in 
Paris,  and,  razing  it  to  the  ground,  built 
another,  above  whose  portico  she 
placed  the  shield  of  the  ancient  house  of 
Pompadour,  as  though  she  lia^l  been  a 
daughter  ol'  that  noble  race,  the  walla 
of  her  residence  were  covered  with 
placards  which  bore  the  w«ll-ex pressed 
and  sarcastic  opinions  of  the  cajatal ; 
and,  when  the  shameless  mistress  was 
im])udent  erumgh  to  encroach  on  the 
public  walks  in  order  to  enlarge  her 
own  private  grounds,  the  people  at- 
tacked the  workmen,  pulling  down  the 
wall  as  fast  as  it  was  raised.  Upon 
which  the  monarch,  as  imprudent  as 
his  niistress  was  impudent,  despatched 
a  detachment  of  his  royal  guard,  who 
repulsed  the  king's  subjects,  while  his 
concubine  tranquilly  built  a  wall  to 
ronceal  and  protect  her  Viower ! 

There  WHS  little  mercy  in  those  day* 


14 


Paringlli  and  Pompadour* 


[J&n. 


tor  those  who  offi^nded  the  imperioua 
favourite.  On  one  occasion,  when  the 
infant  Duke  of  Biirgimdy  was  ex- 
hibited to  the  |>eoplet — ittto  the  little 
golden  cradle  in  wliieh  he  laj  behind 
a  gilded  gratin*j^  some  one  contrived 
to  slip  a,  written  denunciation  against 
the  monarch  iind  his  niistrcHS^ — an  of- 
fence which  ruined  manj  suspected 
persona,  without  striking  the  one  that 
was  guiUj,  So  when  the  peculiar 
condition  of  the  health  of  the  Mar- 
chioness reduced  the  liaison  between 
herself  and  the  King  to  one  of  a  pla- 
tonic  aspect,  the  wits  of  the  capital 
ilung  their  sarcastic  verses  into  her 
apartments,  and  nieeklj  resigned  them- 
eelves  to  the  captivity  iind  losa  of 
place  which  rewartied  the  bold  exer- 
cise of  their  burnoun  Her  assailants 
were  among  the  noblest  of  the  land, 
but  ehe  tfiuote  them  as  mercilei^sly  u^ 
though  she  bad  been  a  Richelieu  in 
petticoats. 

It  is  a  strange  circumstance  that  her 
arrogance  increased  at  the  preciBe 
moment  that  one  might  have  expected 
her  influence  to  be  on  the  wane»  When 
she  was  an  emerita,  if  I  may  an  call 
her  c^jndition  of  ex*concubineship, 
those  who  attended  her  levees  in  her 
dressing- room  found  her  seated  in  the 
solitary  cbair  that  was  in  the  apart- 
ment. >fo  one  could  mi  in  her  pre- 
sence ;  but  the  Marquis  cle  Souvre 
was  once  buld  enough,  while  paying 
hiB  compliments,  to  seat  himself  on  the 
arm  of  the  chair  in  which  she  hy  re- 
clining and  indignant  The  audacity 
had  well  nigh  rumed  the  Martinis,  but 
the  King  mterceded  for  bun,  and 
hia  pardon  was  reluctantly  accorded, 
When  Louis  attended  ber  levees  she 
would  condescend  to  order  a  stool  to 
be  brought  in  for  his  use ;  but  w!ien 
princes  of  the  blood  and  cardinals 
adilressed  their  homage  to  ber»  she 
received  them  standing  before  her 
solitary  chair.  A  seat  for  them  would 
have  been  to  lower  her  own  dignity 
to  the  ground.  A  young  nobleman 
iierved  her  as  groom  of  tbe  chambers, 
and  she  compelled  the  King  to  confer 
on  her  butler,  a  common  meiiiah  the 
then  glorious  military  conhm  of  the 
Order  of  Saint  Louis.  "  Alas  !*'  said 
an  old  chevalier,  with  a  sigh,  **  the 
King,  by  placing  the  cross  of  tbe  royal 
naiot  on  a  livery  coat,  has  <lone  for  it 
exactly  what  he  did  f(»r  English  ^  Nan- 


keens." When  be  wished  to  destroy 
the  popularity  of  that  foreign  mate* 
rial  m  France^  he  ordered  it  to  be 
worn  by  every  executioner  who  ap- 
peared on  the  scnffold/* 

The  two  objects  nearest  to  the  heart 
of  "  the  Pompadour  "  were  to  be  re^ 
ceived  by  the  Daupbin,  and  to  become 
!ady  in  waiting  to  the  Queen.  Tbe 
first  was  easily  accomplished ;  but 
when  tbe  heir  to  the  throne  bent 
forward  to  bestow  the  ceremonial 
kis3i^  he  simply  thrust  bis  totigiie  into 
his  cheek,  and  so  left  ber.  The  King 
instantly  sent  btni  under  arrest  to  bis 
chateau  de  Meudon,  from  which  he 
was  freed  ordy  by  the  action  of  a 
double  lie.  In  open  court  he  assured 
the  ^Lirebioness  that  be  bad  not  been 
guilty  of  the  insult^  and  she  smilingly 
replied  that  she  believed  bim  incapable 
of  committing  such  an  outrage.  Had 
there  been  an  honest  man  among 
the  courtiers  who  witnessed  the  scene, 
he  would  have  uttered,  trumpet- 
tonguedt  the  royal  saying,  that  if  truth 
were  banished  from  among  all  other 
people,  it  should  still  find  refuge  ia 
the  breast  of  princes. 

Tbe  attempt  to  wring  from  the 
scandalised  Queen  the  nomination  of 
the  Marchioness  to  an  honourable  dig- 
nity in  her  royal  and  virtuous  circle 
was  a  more  difficult  achievement.  Her 
majesty  protested  against  being  com- 
pelled to  receive  a  married  woman 
who  was  living  aeparated  of  her  own 
will  from  her  husband,  and  who  waa 
of  a  notoriously  irreligious  life.  A  J 
rare  comedy  ensued*  Tbe  mistresa 
wrote  a  penitential  letter  to  her  dis- 
carded consort,  who,  under  the  diree- 
tion  of  the  Prince  do  Soubiae,  specially 
charged  for  the  purpose,  returned  for 
answer  that  be  was  delighted  at  her 
restoration  to  heavenly  sentiments^and 
was  fully  convinced  that  the  salvation 
of  both  depended  on  their  living  sepa- 
rate. The  next  step  was  to  be  re* 
ceived  at  public  communion  by  tho 
eelebratcil  Jesuit  Father  de  Sacy  j  but 
the  priest  was  inexorable.  He  would 
not  believe  in  the  repentance  of  a  con- 
cubine who  continued  to  reside  in  the 
King's  apariments.  Her  wrath  waa 
severely  felt  by  tbe  order,  but  the  ^ 
Church  generally  expressed  satisfac- 
tion at  the  coui*se  she  bad  taken ;  a 
score  of  easy  bishops  honoured  the 
ceremony  of  ber  presence  at  the  aaora- 


iBsa.] 


Fartnelli  and  Pompadour, 


Dent,  and  Jeanne  Poisiion  became 
firtit  lady  in  waiting  to  the  insulted 
Queen  of  France* 

The  knife  of  Damiens,  which  had 
nearlj  cut  short  tbe  career  of  Louia, 
placed  in  temporary  peril  the  dimity 
and  poesessiona  ot  the  Marchioness. 
The  Jei<uit3,  whom  she  bad  hum  dialed, 
accu»ed  her  and  the  parliament  of  hav- 
iog  conspired  with  tbe  English  govern- 
ment to  assassinate  the  Iving.  The 
accudatton  was  too  gross  in  itself,  and 
too  vindictivelj  framed,  to  admit  of 
belief,  and  the  mtstreB^  trmmphed  over 
her  enemies.  A  settled  melancholy, 
however,  descended  on  tbe  King,  tbe 
infamous  remedy  for  which  was  the 
invenlioii  of  the  Marchioness,  and  was 
applied  in  order  to  secure  her  own  po- 
sition by  keeping  from  the  monarch  all 
inclination  to  establish  another  concu- 
bine under  the  roof  of  Versailles;  Into 
this  iniquity  I  cannot  enter  further 
than  by  stating  that  she  presented  her 
oM  lover  with  the  **  Hermitage*'  in  the 
famous  Pare  au  Cerf^  and  this  fihe 
peopled  with  pretty  female  cbildrenj 
who  wore  iriimolaied  therein  to  a  Mo- 
loch, compurtid  with  whom  the  fiend 
»<:>- called  of  old  was  a  very  an«T(^l  of 
light.  An  awfully  cburacteriBtic  trait 
of  Louis  IB  connected  with  tbe  chro- 
nicle of  this  place  of  sacrifice.  He  was, 
after  his  fashion,  eminently  religious, 
and  his  confessor  declared,  with  a  mix- 
ture of  bluiiihes  and  pride,  that  after 
he  took  by  the  hand  the  destined  youth- 
ful victim  of  the  night,  he  might  be 
heard  teaching  her  the  catcchiiiiii,  re- 
peating with  her  the  evening  prayers, 
and  adjuring  her  never  to  lose  her  re- 
verence for  the  blessed  Virgin,  the 
Mother  of  our  Lord !  Tbe  wretched 
old  savage  appears  himself  to  have 
been  struck  by  a  faint  idea  that  this 
sort  of  sanctity  fell  short  of  what  was 
required  to  secure  his  salvation.  The 
balance  in  Heaven^s  account  was  de- 
cidedly against  him,  but  he  turned  the 
amount  in  his  favour  by  building  that 
fAmouB  church  of  St.  Genevieve,  which 
fo  gratified  the  ecclesiastics  of  the  day 
that  they  thought  it  would  even  in- 
clude Madame  de  Fompadour  in  its 
saving  efifects,  and  which  has  been 
spoken  of  by  the  exemplary  "  Napo- 
leon IIL"  as  A  touching  monument  of 
the  exalted  piety  of  Louis  XV.  Tbe 
comment  was  worthy  of  the  act  I 

Within  the  circuit  of  the  Pare  au 


15 


Cerf,  Madame  de  Pompadour  had  once 
herself  amused  the  Kmg  by  her  dra- 
matic performances,  her  concerts,  and 
by  entertainments  in  which  she  ap- 
peared in  a  (score  of  characters,  and 
was  perfect  in  all.  Now,  while  the 
King  there  dwelt  with  favourites  pro- 
vided by  herself,  she  governed  and 
mined  France,  answering  every  coun- 
sel, remonstrance,  and  prophecy  by  the 
DOW  proverbial  saying,  "After  us,  the 
deluge  I"  AbrosLl  as  at  home,  France 
knew  nothing  of  glory  under  her  sway ; 
and  when  with  one  dash  of  her  pen 
she  overthrew  the  entire  system  of 
Henri  IV.,  of  Richelieu,  and  (d*  Louis 
XIV.,  and  entered  into  a  treaty  of 
alliance  with  Austria,  it  was  for  no 
better  reason  than  that  Frederick  of 
Prussia  had  spoken  of  her  as  *'  Sultana 
Smock,**  and  that  Maria  -  Theresa, 
standing  in  need  of  her  assistance,  had 
condescended  to  nddress  her  in  an 
epistle  which  commenced  with  **  My 
dearest  love  1 "  She  was  forty-two 
years  of  age  when  she  expired  at  Ver- 
sailles, on  the  I5th  of  April,  1764.  Tbe 
**  deluge,"  which  she  said  would  come 
after  her,  seemed  descending  from  tbe 
clouds  as  the  hearse  which  contained 
her  remains  left  the  court-yard  of  the 
ebuteau  for  Paris.  The  apathetic  King 
sauntered  to  one  of  the  windows  to 
witness  the  departure  \  and  all  the  fu- 
neral oration  uttered  by  him  on  the 
occasion  was  to  the  effeet,  that  *^  the 
Marchioness  had  satanically  bad  wea- 
ther to  travel  in,  and  would  not  arrive 
in  Paris  before  ten  o'clock." 

The  **chronique  scandaleuse"  of  the 
courtezan  has  !eft  me  but  limited  space 
to  speak  of  the  artist.  In  line-engraving 
she  was  expert,  but  in  engraving  on 
stones  she  was  an  almost  faultless 
"executante."  Her  portraits  of  the 
Dauphin  and  Dauphine,  of  the  King, 
and  of  her  "  cavalier  servente'*  the 
Abb^  de  Bern  is,  her  pigeon,  as  she 
used  to  call  him,  were  only  privately 
circulated,  and  any  one  of  them  would 
be  accounted  a  treasure  by  collectora. 
Tbe  *' Triumph  of  Fontenoy*^  was  one  of 
a  projected  aeries  of  illustrations  of  the 
great  events  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XV. 
This  subject  she  engraved  alike  on 
copper  and  on  a  gero.  It  represented 
Victory  crowning  the  King,  who  holds 
by  the  hand  the  young  Dauphin,  both 
standing  in  a  chariot  that  would  be 
drawn  by  four  horses,  only  that  the 


16 


Hem^y  Newcome,  the  Puritan  of  Manchester,  [Jan. 


traces  have  been  omitted.  The  "  Vic- 
tory" of  Laufeldt  represents  that  god- 
dess, winged  and  erect,  standing  upon 
the  prostrate  trophies  of  the  enemy. 
The  Victory  is  a  portrait  of  tlie  fair 
artist,  who,  it  must  be  said,  had  in 
most  of  her  works  the  benefit  of  the 
suggestive  counsel  of  the  accomplished 
engraver,  Guay.  The  Preliminaries 
of  the  Peace  of  1748  she  illustrated 
by  representing  the  King  as  Hercules, 
standing  between  Victory,  to  whom  his 
face  is  turned,  and  Peace,  who  is  on 
the  other  side  endeavouring  to  attract 
his  attention.  To  my  thinking,  it  is 
the  best  of  the  series.  It  is  far  su- 
perior to  the  engraving  of  the  "  Birth 
of  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,"  wherein  a 
very  stout-limbed  France  painfully 
stoops  to  pick  up  a  child,  over  whom 
Pallas  (that  is,  Madame  de  Ponipa- 
dour)  holds  her  protecting  shield.  The 
figure  of  France,  who,  in  another  en- 

S'aving,  is  kneeling  at  the  altar  of 
ygeia,  praying^  for  the  restoration  to 
health  of  the  Dauphin,  is  a  far  more 
graceful  figure  than  the  lady  of  the 
same  name  in  the  preceding  piece. 
The  Minervas  and  Apollos  have  the 
true  classical  spirit  both  in  feature  and 
bearing,  but  her  impersonations  of 
nations  are  generally  defective,  never 


worse  than  in  the  last  illustration  of 
the  work,  for  the  accomplishment  of 
which  Maria  Theresa  stooped  to  flatter 
her,  on  the  ground  that  she  had  con- 
descended to  do  the  same  to  Farinelli. 
I  allude  to  the  Alliance  of  Austria 
and  France.  The  two  old  foes  and 
new  friends  are  seen  in  the  figures  of 
a  couple  of  stalwart  hussies,  who  are 
shaking  hands,  as  if  they  were  about 
to  commence  a  pugilistic  encounter  : 
the  torch  of  Discord  and  the  mask  of 
Hypocrisy  lie  at  their  feet,  but  un- 
trodden upon,  and  evidently  readj  for 
instant  use  when  required ;  whde  a 
lively  serpent,  wreathing  himself  round 
an  altar,  looks  full  of  mischief,  and  may, 
I  think,  be  accepted  as  a  caricature 
of  the  mock  religious  rites  by  which 
the  fatal  alliance  was  consecrated. 

Brief  and  imperfect  as  want  of  space 
necessarily  compels  these  notices  to 
be,  they  perhaps  will  induce  some  who 
have  only  known  Jeanne  Poisson  as  a 
perverse  King's  arrogant  mistress,  to 
examine  the  engraved  series  of  her 
works  in  France, — works  which  only, 
alas !  tend  to  show  how  evil  prosperity 
marred  that  perfection  which  a  little 
healthy  adversity  might  have  rendered 
not  only  existing  but  immortal. 

John  Doran. 


HENRY  NEWCOME,  THE  PURITAN  OF  MANCHESTER. 

The  Diary  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Newcome,  from  Sept.  30,  1661,  to  Sept.  29,  1663. 
Edited  by  Thomas  Hey  wood,  esq.  F.S.A.     Printed  for  the  Chetham  Society,  1849. 

The  Autobiography  of  Henry  Newcome,  MA.  Edited  by  Richard  Parkinson,  D.D. 
F.S.A.  Principal  of  St.  Bees  College,  and  Canon  of  Manchester.  Printed  for  the 
Chetham  Society,  1852. 


WE  believe  every  reader  of  English 
history  and  biography  is,  or  may  be, 
at  this  time  better  acquainted  with  the 
generic  character  of  Puritan  ministers 
(under  the  Commonwealth  and  after) 
than  those  were  who  lived  among  them. 
We  now  know,  not  their  outer  life 
merely,  but  their  inner — the  sourness, 
and  the  sneaking,  and  the  cruelty,  no 
less  than  the  heroic  self-abnegation 
and  the  earnest  devotion.  We  do  not, 
at  least  we  need  not,  now  confound 
the  Presbyterian  and  the  Independent 
branches  of  Puritanism.  The  preten- 
sions of  the  former,  almost  as  high  as 


those  of  the  Church  of  Rome  itself,  to 
have  a  church  of  divine  appointment 
— thereby  rendering  the  propositions 
made  to  its  ministers  on  the  Restora- 
tion, of  submitting  to  episcopal  ordi- 
nation, about  the  most  insulting  that 
could  be  offered — the  stern  and  fiery 
Independent,  then  first  asserting  the 
principles  of  Christian  liberty,  and 
charging  his  people  to  remember  that 
they  were  not  come  to  a  full  stop  or 
period  in  religious  knowledge,  for  that 
"  the  Lord  has  more  truth  still  to 
break  forth  out  of  liis  holy  word."* 
With  all  these  family  resemblances, 


Robinson's  Farewell  Address  to  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  of  New  England. 


1853.]  Henry  Newcome^  the  Puriiam  of  Manchesier, 


17 


the  character  before  us  has  also  an  in- 
diyiduality.  A  Puritan,  and  yet  a 
Kojalist,  Henry  Newcome  steered  his 
course  according  as  conscience  dic- 
tated. Therein,  indeed,  lay  both  his 
strength  and  weakness ;  for,  while  he 
seems  to  have  been  proof  against  party 
and  friends  and  interest,  in  every  case 
when  his  mind  had  attained  to  an 
honest  conviction  of  the  path  of  duty, 
he  tortured  himself  and  others  by  re- 
finements of  scrupulosity  in  the  inci- 
dents of  every-day  life,  which,  described 
in  language  originally  extravagant,  and 
now  quaint  and  obsolete,  must  provoke 
a  frequent  smile  from  the  most  serious 
reader. 

Henry  Newcome  was  left  an  orphan, 
together  with  seven  other  children,  on 
the  death  of  the  father  and  mother  in 
1641-2.  He  was  the  fourth  son,  and 
could  not  have  been  more  than  fourteen, 
his  eldest  brother  being  but  twenty- 
one,  and  the  youngest  child  just  three 
months.  Their  father  had  been  rector 
of  Caldecot,  in  Huntingdonshire,  and, 
designing  his  eldest  son  for  the  clerical 
office,  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  him 
preach  nearly  nis  first  sermon  on  the 
Christmas  of  1641.*  But  this  great 
event  was  succeeded  by  sore  tribula- 
tion. Stephen,  the  second  son,  fell  ill 
almost  immediately  aft^erwards,  but  re- 
covered ;  one  of  the  best  horses  broke 
his  leg ;  and  finally  the  father  himself, 
whether  from  having  caught  the  disease 
of  his  son  or  no  is  not  said,  took  to  his 
bed,  and  sent  for  a  lawyer  to  make  his 
will.  Thereupon  his  wife  fell  into  Ex- 
tremity of  grief,  and  went  to  her  bed 
also.  He  died  on  Monday,  she  the 
Wednesday  after,  having  entreated 
the  bystanders  not  to  bury  him  till 
she  was'ready  also.  "  And  so  they  were 
buried  in  one  coffin,  Feb.  2nd,  1641." 

Henry  Newcome's  education  was 
continued  at  Congleton  school,  of  which 
his  eldest  brother  became  master.  He 
was  fond  of  "making  English  discourses 
sermon  wise  at  all  vacant  times,"  and  "  it 
was  his  ordinary  play  and  office  to  act 
the  minister  amongst  his  playfellows  ;" 
besides  which  he  had  a  love  of  reading, 
and  pursued  with  interest,  as  far  as  he 
could,  the  study  of  natural  history. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen,  namely,  in 
1644,  he  was  admitted  a  student  of 


St  John*s  college,  Cambridge.  It  was 
in  "  the  very  heat  of  the  wars,"  and,  in 
consequence  of  the  outward  troubles, 
the  young  student  was  compelled  to 
discontinue  his  coU^e  courses  till  the 
May  of  1645.  Even  then,  Cambridge 
was  anything  but  a  scene  for  quiet 
study.  This  was  the  year  when  the 
commission  under  the  Earl  of  Man- 
chester was  sitting,  the  consequences 
of  which  were  soon  seen  in  the  removal 
of  many  of  the  ancient  fellows,  and  the 
nomination  of  new  ones.  Henry  New- 
come,^  a  modest,  thoughtful  noter  of 
things  as  they  passed,  simply  tells  us 
that  **  most  of  the  religious  were  for 
the  parliament  and  for  the  new  fellows* 
party,"  but  judges  the  other  side  with 
mmleration.  A  year  had  scarcely 
passed  before  he  had  an  oflTer  of  a 
school, — salary  30/.  per  annum, — and, 
not  being  very  proud,  it  seems,  of  his 
university  privileges,  would  willingly 
have  resigned  them,  had  not  the  above 
lucrative  place  been  unexpectedly 
wrested  from  him.  The  following 
year  he  went  in  good  earnest  to  be 
master  of  Congleton  school,  which  his 
brother  had  now  left,  taking  his  degree 
of  B.A.  and  performing  the  same  duty 
to  his  younger  brother  Richard  which 
Robert,  the  elder,  had  fulfilled  towards 
him. 

A  bachelor  in  the  ordinary  sense 
Henry  Newcome  was  not  long  to  re- 
main ;  for.  in  1648,  he  took  the  rash 
step  of  marrying,  owning  afterwards 
his  wrong-hcadcdness  in  not  asking 
counsel  of  his  friends,  being  only  then 
twenty-one,  and,  though  he  had  "fallen 
to  preaching,"  not  ordained  till  the 
month  after  his  marriage.  Certainly 
ordination  ideas  were  at  a  low  pass 
just  then;  for,  says  he,  "I  did  not 
think  of  it,  but,  casually  asking  Mr. 
Ley  whether  there  would  be  an  ordi- 
nation or  no,  he  told  me  there  would, 
and  asked  would  I  be  ordained?  I 
thought  of  it,  and  so  entered  on  exa- 
mination." It  was  doubtless  performed 
after  the  Presbyterian  model ;  and  the 
new  minister  went  to  live  at  Goosetrce 
for  a  year  and  a  half,  serving  a  chapel, 
and  having  "  a  fair  respect "  from  both 
the  King's  party  and  tne  Parliament's. 
He  lived  among  his  wife's  relations, 
the  Mainwaringrf,  people  of  some  con- 

*  Yet  it  is  afterwards  said  that  "  he  was  unordained  and  under  age  to  take  the 
living."     It  roust  therefore,  we  suppose,  have  been  mere  exhortation. 
Geht.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX.  D 


18 


Henry  Newcomcy  the  Puritan  of  Manchester, 


[Jan. 


sequence  in  the  neighbourhood ;  and 
here  his  first  child,  a  daughter,  was 
born,  about  three  months  after  the  be- 
heading of  Charles  the  First — an  event 
which  put  a  general  sadness  on  Henry 
Newcome  and  his  friends,  and  dis- 
composed him  greatly  in  his  Sabbath 
services. 

From  this  time  he  appears  to  have 
been  increasingly  under  the  power  of 
religious  impressions.  Before,  "  being 
very  young,  and  gotten  among  the 
gentry,  and  fancying  fine  clothes  and 
loolisnness,"  he  hacf  not  been  anxious 
for  the  society  of  the  more  devoted 
ministers  of  his  acquaintance,  but  now 
he  sought  them.  His  prayers  and  self- 
examinations  were  more  frequent;  and 
from  this  time  dates  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Diary,  kept  till  within  a 
few  days  of  his  death. 

In  1650  he  settled  as  Rector  of  Gaws- 
worth  in  Cheshire.  It  is  certainly  a 
remarkable  trait,  and  augured  well  for 
the  young  minister's  future  influence, 
that  he  had  suffered  no  one  "  to  despise 
his  youth"  hitherto.  At  Goosetree, 
while  yet  scarcely  of  full  age,  he  had 
refused  the  sacrament  to  two  of  his 
principal  parishioners  for  drunkenness, 
and  now  he  had  a  battle  to  fight  at 
Gawsworth.  Yet  it  was  taken  in  no 
long  while  in  good  part.  He  carried 
his  point,  and  held  that  living  for  seven 
years,  for  some  time  himself  performing 
family  worship  morning  and  evening 
at  the  house  of  the  lady  of  the  manor, 
finding  it  not  otherwise  easy  to  establish 
the  custom.  He  signed  the  Covenant, 
but  afterwards  expressed  some  pain  at 
the  recollection,  for,  says  he,  "I  always 
abhorred  the  practices  of  that  party, 
.  . .  and  it  was  long  on  my  heart  as  one 
of  my  great  transgressions."  In  fact, 
had  he  Deen  called  upon  to  act  up  to 
the  letter  of  his  engagements,  it  is 
scarce  possible  but  that  his  conscience 
must  have  revolted  still  more,  being 
far  from  a  republican,  and  no  way 
hostile  to  deans  and  chapters,  nor,  in 
moderation,  to  episcopal  government, 
which,  by  the  Covenant,  he  was  bound 
to  endeavour  to  extirpate.  To  the 
Independent  party  he  was  always  par- 
ticularly disinclined. 

The  tenour  of  the  good  pastor's  life 
was  not  a  very  cheerful  one.  He 
was  poor;  his  family  increasing;  sol- 
diers were  (juartered  on  him  ;  he  was 
not  strong  in  health;    and  had  the 


usual  causes  of  vexation  and  disap- 
pointment in  his  parish,  and  some  in 
his  family. 

Those  who  are  well  acquainted  with 
the  subject-matter  of  most  of  the  diaries 
kept  at  this  period  by  religious  ministers, 
will  not  be  surprised  at  the  frequent 
notice  of  interpositions  of  Providence, 
sometimes  of  an  almost  ludicrously 
trivial  nature.  The  good  man  ear- 
nestly longs  for  books,  and  has  actually 
bought  them,  but  numerous  cross  cir- 
cumstances intervene  to  prevent  their 
arrival.  A  reckless  sister  purchases 
the  books  indeed,  but  puts  "  a  deal  of 
sugar  in  the  other  end  of  the  bag  with 
them,"  and  forthwith  forwards  all  by 
a  carter  from  London,  "  who  lets  wet 
come  to  them,  and  the  sugar  melted 
and  spoilt  the  books  sadly."  On  another 
occasion  the  desired  volumes  quietly 
take  their  place  with  a  friend ;  after  a 
time,  however,  "the  Lord  sent  them 
in,  and  they  were  not  marred  at  all." 
It  is  difficult  to  avoid  smiling  at  these 
conceits  ;  but  more  serious  by  far  are 
the  considerations  which  arise  when 
we  note  the  habit,  so  strongly  marked 
in  almost  every  page,  and  which  seems 
to  be  engrafted  in  the  idea  of  daily 
duty  for  a  minister, — that  of  trying  the 
inward  consciences  of  his  people,  and 
deciding  on  their  spiritual  state  with 
the  confidence  of  a  physician  of  the 
body  feeling  the  pulse  and  examining 
into  symptoms  of  bodily  health.  These 
inquiries  were  not  always  tenderly 
conducted.     There  was 

an  erroneous  fellow,  one  Harrison,  that 
had  been  amongst  my  people  this  summer 
before,  and  began  to  infuse  very  dangerous 
tenets  amongst  them,  subverting  the  faith 
of  some.  Strange  things  he  insinuated  to 
draw  them  off  ordinances,  &c.  In  process 
of  time  one  of  the  neighbours  brought  him 
to  me,  and  abundance  of  discourse  I  had 
with  him,  and  he  asserted  desperate  blas- 
phemous things — as  that  the  soul  within  a 
man  was  God,  and  that  there  was  neither 
heaven  nor  hell  but  in  a  man's  own  self, 
and  some  other  things  very  gross.  Several 
neighbours  were  by,  that  took  notice  of 
the  expressions.  He  still  continuing  to 
hinder  the  work  of  the  people's  souls.  Mid 
prevailing  with  some  to  turn  off  with  him 
— I,  having  had  (upon  the  coming  of  it 
out  in  the  beginning  of  that  year)  an  Act 
sent  me,  against  Blasphemous  Tenets,  by 
my  friend  Mr.  Thomas  Parnell,  then  living 
at  London,  only  for  the  novelty  qf  it, 
without  which  I  might  haply  never  have 


1853.]         Henry  Newcome,  the  Puritan  of  Manchester. 


thought  to  have  inqaired  about  any  such 
thing;  but  haying  this  Act  by  me,  and  see- 
ing that  several  of  his  assertions  fell  under 
it  directly,  I  did  seriously,  out  of  design  to 
remove  him  from  my  people,  make  com- 
plaint of  him  to  the  justices  at  their 
month's  meeting,  and  Mr.  Stanley  and 
Col.  Hen.  Bradshaw,  upon  our  depositions 
in  the  case,  granted  out  a  warrant  for  his 
apprehension ;  and  after  a  time  it  was  exe- 
cuted, and  Harrison  was  committed  to  the 
prison  at  Chester,  where  he  was  to  suffer 
six  months*  imprisonment.  Some  of  my 
people  moved  me  to  have  unthdraum  pro- 
aeeution;  but  I  did  it  out  of  conscience 
for  their  soul's  safety,  and  so  did  resolve 
to  proceed.  It  was  at  such  a  time,  when 
such  men  had  so  many  abettors,  and  minis- 
ters were  so  slighted,  that  some  more  wise 
men  pitied  my  undertaking,  and  thought 
I  made  a  great  adventure  in  such  an  offer. 
I  foresaw  not  the  danger,  and  never  felt 
any ;  but  I  looked  on  duty,  and  God  stood 
by  me. 

Harrison  was  not  destitute  of  firiends 
and  abettors,  of  whom  Newcome  names 
"  one  MinshuU  a  pragmatical  fellow," 
— "the  deputy  governor  of  Chester  one 
Smith,  and  Mr.  Sclater  a  gallant  spark, 
a  fanatic  preacher,  and  several  of  the 
high-flown  blades;"  besides  whom, 
among  the  magistrates,  Mr.  Gerard  of 
Crewe  was  "  downright "  in  his  favour, 
and  Colonel  Croxton  wavering.  At 
the  assizes  Mr.  Minshull  attempted  to 
procure  Harrison's  release  by  habeas 
corpus,  but  the  judges  remitted  him  to 
the  sessions ;  and  in  the  end  the  justices 
sent  him  back  to  prison,  where  he  en- 
dured his  confinement  of  six  months, 
and  it  "proved  a  means  of  our  utter 
riddance  of  him  out  of  our  parts." 

An  amusing  difficulty  is  recorded 
in  connection  with  a  request  made 
that  Mr.  Newcome  would  preach  at 
Manchester.  "That  great  people" 
deserved,  he  felt,  his  best  efforts,  and 
he  carried  with  him  two  of  his  choicest 
sermons.  One  was  more  likely  to  pro- 
mote edification,  he  thought,  than  the 
other,  but  unfortunately  two  ladies 
were  to  be  among  his  auditors,  who 
came  from  Chester,  and  might  have 
heard  him  deliver  that  rousing  sermon 
there.  He  chose  it  however,  and,  as 
the  ladjes  took  no  notice,  we  are  led  to 
infer  that  it  was  not  so  exciting  as  he 
thought.  On  another  occasion  when 
a  fast  was  observed  in  the  churches, 
and  he  and  a  brother  minister  were  to 
preach,  Mr.  Newcome  prepared  his 


19 


discourse,  as  he  thought,  from  a  text 
unlikely  to  be  selected  by  the  other ; 
when  behold,  on  their  arrival  at  church, 
and  on  the  brother  minister  giving  out 
his  text,  it  proved  to  be  the  very  one 
chosen  for  nis  own  discourse  : — 

My  distraction  was  great.  There  was  a 
kind  of  competition  between  him  and  me, 
and  I  had  rather  have  been  cut  out  by  any 
man  than  he.  A  vast  congregation  there 
was ;  and  I  believe  several,  upon  repeating 
the  words,  were  in  as  great  fear  and  trou- 
ble for  me  as  I  had  been  before.  How- 
ever, the  hand  of  the  Lord  was  mightily 
upon  me,  and  then  I  could  discern  out 
matter  and  method  to  differ,  and  I  had 
room  enough  besides  him. 

The  result  of  Mr.  Newcomers  seven 
years'  service  at  Grawswortb,  being  a 
great  reputation  as  a  consistent,  sen- 
sible, and  moderate  divine,  it  became 
an  object  with  the  people  of  Manches- 
ter to  obtain  the  benefit  of  such  a 
minister  on  occasion  of  the  sudden 
death  of  their  own  pastor.  Other 
churches  also  sought  him,  but  Man- 
chester prevailed : — 

Presbyterianism  had  been  established  in 
Lancashire  by  a  special  ordinance,  Octo- 
ber 1646,  and  although  persecuted  under 
Cromwell,  still,  in  Manchester,  the  con- 
victions of  the  great  majority  of  respect- 
able inhabitants  insured  to  the  sect  pro- 
tection, if  not  power.  It  is  evident,  from 
the  names  of  Mosley  and  Byrom  to  the 
invitation  to  Newcome,  and  perhaps  from 
those  of  Syddall  and  Coppock,  that  the 
Episcopalians  joined  in  claiming  the  ser- 
vices of  one  of  such  known  moderation. 
The  promoters  of  the  classical  mode  of 
government  had  frequent  hints  from  pass- 
ing events  that  theirs  was  not  destined  to 
be  the  National  Church,  and  hence  they 
either  invited,  or  listened  willingly  to, 
overtures  of  accommodation  from  Inde- 
pendents, or  Episcopalians.  (Mr.  Hey- 
wood's  Introduction,  p.  xix.) 

Here  he  was  minister  of  the  col- 
legiate church,  with  the  promise  of 
60/.  per  annum  from  the  tithes,  and 
34/.  per  annum  from  the  rents  and 
profits  of  the  rectory  of  Rochdale. 
From  various  circumstances  this  sti- 
pend never  came  in  with  any  regula- 
rity— voluntary  contributions  making 
up  his  income.  Five  years  afterwarcS 
it  was  reduced  to  24/.,  and  then  jt 
ceased  altogether  for  a  time. 

Under  the  date  of  the  1st.  Jan. 
1657-8,  we  find  the  following  evidence 
of  the  shilling  principles  of  the  times. 


20 


Henry  Newcome,  the  Puritan  of  Manchester. 


[Jan. 


Mr.  Newcome's  predecessor  Mr.  Hol- 
linworth  had  been  accustomed  to  preach 
on  New  Year's  Day : — 

I  was  wilUng  to  have  done  it;  but  Mr. 
Heyricke  [the  Warden]  took  me  off.  But 
it  was  not  well  taken  [by  the  congrega- 
tion] ,  and  I  resolved  it  should  not  be  so 
done  again  ;  and  so  I  did  preach  every 
New  Year's  day  after  as  long  as  I  had  my 
liberty  to  preach  in  Manchester.  The  first 
year  when  I  would  have  preached,  this 
was  said  to  obstruct  it,  Since  all  holy -days 
were  put  down,  why  should  that  be  kept  ? 
The  last  I  preached,  this  was  objected, 
That  it  was  one  of  the  principal  festivals, 
and  unless  I  would  preach  about  the  cir- 
cumcision of  our  Saviour,  it  was  not  con- 
venient I  should  preach.  So  much  altera- 
tion there  was  in  the  strain  of  the  times  in 
a  few  years. 

The  following  passage  at  the  close 
of  the  same  month  is  not  less  charac- 
teristic of  an  unsettled  state  of  senti- 
ment in  the  matter  of  personal  de- 
meanour : — 

I  was  about  this  time  much  used  to  go 
to  Zachary  Taylor's  at  an  evening,  to  play 
at  shuffle  board.  I  was  oft  checked  for 
this,  lest  I  was  too  much  concerned  in  it ; 
as  after,  about  going  to  Mr.  Minshull's  in 
an  evening.  And  I  thought  this  a  rational 
resolution  in  the  case, — Not  to  go  forth 
for  this  recreation  unless  I  had  been  close 
at  serious  business  all  day  ;  not  to  go  forth 
to  this  too,  if  I  had  been  diverted  from 
business  other  ways.  And  for  mirth, 
which  I  was  afraid  of  taking  too  great  a 
latitude  in, — I  thought  it  was  my  duty  to 
let  some  savoury  thing  fall,  where  I  had 
spoken  merrily  ;  or  to  count  myself  truly 
in  debt,  for  as  much  serious  discourse,  for 
every  jest  I  had  told. 

On  the  Restoration  Newcome  was 
no  longer  permitted  to  occupy  his  pul- 
pit at  the  collegiate  church,  but  there 
he  quietly  attended,  and,  he  hoped, 
"  met  with  something  that  did  nim 
good."  In  1665,  when  the  Five  Miles 
Act  was  passed,  he  slipped  beyond  the 
boundary,  yet  being  not  entirely  si- 
lenced. He  preached  at  several  places ; 
he '  made  excursions  on  horseback ; 
visited  London  with  his  daughter ; 
and  patiently  bided  his  time.  He  did 
not  wait  in  vain.  The  King's  decla- 
ration of  indulgence  (March  16th, 
1671)  enabled  him  to  get  a  licence  and 
preach  freely  in  a  barn.  Yet  in  the 
wantonness  ofpower  fresh  restrictions 
came,  and  Newcome  delivered  his 
message  alternately  in  house  and  field 
and  barn  for  several  years  to  come. 


The  landing  of  King  William,  or  at 
least  the  Toleration  Act  of  1689,  re- 
moved all  fear  of  legal  persecution ; 
but  there  was  still  room  for  much 
church  dissension  ;  and  it  was,  he  says, 
amid  some  curses  and  reproaches  that 
the  foundation  of  his  new  chapel  in 
Cross  Street  was  laid.  He  opened  it 
with  prayer  and  a  sermon,  June  24th, 
1694 ;  but,  by  the  time  this  earthly 
House  of  God  was  finished,  the  aged 
minister  was  well  nigh  worn  out,  and 
ready  for  his  mansion  above.  He 
preached  occasionally,  his  last  dis- 
course being  delivered,  June  13th, 
1695,  and  he  died  the  following  Sep- 
tember, aged  68. 

Newcome  composed  three  journals. 
The  first,  which  recorded  his  private 
actions,  and  inmost  thoughts,  being 
designed  solely  for  his  own  use,  was 
commenced  at  Cambridge  in  1646,  and 
carried  on  to  his  death  m  1695.  The 
second  was  termed  "The  Abstract," 
a  selection  from  the  former,  intended 
for  the  use  of  his  children.  Besides 
these,  the  painstaking  divine  kept  a 
third  journal,  as  a  record  of  passing 
events  of  a  more  public  nature,  but 
which  has  not  been  preserved.  Of  the 
actual  diary  the  only  portion  now 
known  to  be  extant  extends  over  two 
years,  from  1661  to  1663,  and  forms 
the  volume  which  was  printed  for  the 
Chetham  Society  in  tne  year  1849. 
The  Abstract  was  continued  by  its 
author  to  the  year  1693,  and  com- 
pleted to  the  period  of  his  death,  during 
his  last  illness,  by  the  hand  of  his  son. 
This  manuscript,  as  well  as  the  former, 
was  in  the  possession  of  his  descendant 
the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Newcome,  Rector 
of  Shenley,  co.  Hertford,  and  was 
placed  by  that  gentleman  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  Chetham  Society.  The 
welcome  which  greeted  the  former 
volume  induced  the  Society  to  con- 
template the  publication  of  the  second 
manuscript,  and  the  difficulty  which 
attended  its  voluminous  proportions 
has  been  surmounted  bv  "  abridging 
the  moral  reflections,  which,  however 
excellent,  are  somewhat  monotonous, 
and  presuming  upon  the  reader's  know- 
ledge of  the  history  of  most  of  the 
names  that  occur  m  the  narrative." 
The  first  part  of  this  scheme  (the 
abridgment)  we  think  was  judicious  : 
the  latter  is,  perhaps,  an  a|>oloffy  for 
the  application  of  less  editorial  labour 


22                    A  Journey  from  London  to  Paiia  in  1786.  [Jan. 

try  apothecary ;  and  one  became  a  soldier,  Our  account  of  the  Newcome  Diaries* 

and  Marlborough  left  him  in  the  trenches  though  extended  beyond  our  intention* 

of  Lisle,  1707.     One  or  two  went  to  sea,  giygs  but  a  faint  idea  of  the  simple,  sin- 

and  were  heard  of  no  more  ....  Three  ^ere  whole.     It  is  rich  in  genuine  traits 

schoolmasters  made  fortunes  :  one  clerk  ^^  character,  where   weakness  alter- 

became    Archbishop    of   Armagh  ♦one  ^^    ^j^j^   strength,  grave   thoughts 

Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  one  Dean  of  Glou-         .,,   .  .«•_    »     ij"  *     «^j -.*-™    r 

cester!  and  one  Dekn  of  Rochester,  in  the  ^^^h  trifling  incidents,  and  questions  of 
eighteenth  century :  and  one  is  Archdeacon  conscience,  such  as  might  well  demand 
of  Merioneth  in  the  nineteenth  century,  the  best  leisure  of  instructed  spirits, 
Thirty  or  more  have  been  rectors,  vicars,  with  petty  matters  of  scruple  such  as 
&c.  I  have,  or  had,  two  sons,  three  should  have  been  dismissed  by  one 
nephews,  three  sons-in-law — all,  as  yet,  thought  of  Him,  who  long  before  re- 
curates  only,  but  good  pastors  on  stinted  buked  all  small  sanctimonious  views  of 
pastures.''  duty  in  his  dealing  with  the  Pharisee. 


A  JOURNEY  FROM  LONDON  TO  PARIS  IN  THE  YEAR  1736. 

SIR  ALEXANDER  DICK,  Bart,  of  Prestonfield,  near  Edinburgh,  the  writer  of 
the  Journal  of  which  we  propose  to  lay  the  substance  before  our  readers  in  this  and 
tome  subsequent  portions,  was  a  man  of  much  weight  and  estimation  in  the  scientific 
world  of  Edinburgh  during  the  last  century.  In  early  life  he  bore  bis  paternal  name 
of  Cunningham,  being  the  third  son  of  Sir  William  Cunnhigham,  of  Caprington,  Bart. 
His  mother  was  Janet,  only  child  and  heiress  of  Sir  James  Dick,  of  Prestonfield.  He 
was  bom  at  Prestonfield  on  the  23rd  Oct.  1703.  Having  studied  for  some  time  at  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  he  repaired  to  Leyden,  where  he  became  a  pupil  of  the 
illustrious  Boerhaave,  and  took  the  degree  of  M.D.  on  the  31st  Aug.  1735,  when 
his  inaugural  dissertation  was  De  Bpilepsia,  On  the  23rd  Jan.  1737  he  received  a 
diploma  of  the  same  degree  from  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's.  He  then  settled  as 
a  physician  in  the  Scotish  metropolis ;  and  on  the  7th  Nov.  following  he  was 
admitted  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians  of  Edhiburgh. 

In  1736-7  he  made  an  extensive  continental  tour,  of  which  the  first  portion  is  now 
laid  before  the  reader.  His  companion  was  Allan  Ramsay  the  painter,  son  of  the  cele- 
brated Scotish  poet.  During  his  travels  Dr.  Cunningham  assiduously  prosecuted  his 
medical  inquiries,  and  at  the  same  time  greatly  increased  his  previous  acquaintance 
with  classical  literature  and  antiquities. 

After  his  return  home  he  was  induced  to  settle  as  a  physician  in  Pembrokeshire,  at 
the  suggestion  of  his  friend  Mr.  Hooke,  of  that  county.  He  there  practised  medicine 
with  great  reputation  and  much  success  during  several  years,  maintaining,  however,  a 
constant  correspondence  with  his  friends  in  Scotland,  and  particularly  with  Allan 
Ramsay  the  poet,  whose  letters,  with  some  unpublished  poems,  also  addressed  to  Sir 
Alexander  Dick,  are  in  our  possession  (by  favour  of  the  late  esteemed  Sir  Robert  K. 
Dick  Cunnmgham,  Bart,  of  Prestonfield),  and  form  part  of  medited  materials  which 
are  intended  to  be  employed  in  a  new  Biography  of  the  Author  of  The  Gentle 
Shepherd,  in  immediate  preparation. 

Upon  his  brother's  death,  Dr.  Cunningham  succeeded  to  the  baronetage,  and 
assumed  the  name  of  Dick.  He  then  took  up  his  residence  in  the  family  mansion 
of  Prestonfield,  which  lies  at  the  base  of  Arthur's  Seat,  at  that  time  a  little  more  than 
a  mile  distant  from  Edinburgh,  but  now  nearly  included  in  the  suburban  district  of 
Newington  :  and,  whilst  he  relinquished  for  his  own  part  the  active  pursuit  of  his  pro- 
fession, he  was  so  great  a  favourite  with  its  members,  that  they  placed  him  for  seven 


*  This  Archbishop  was  the  author  of  the  version  of  the  New  TesUment,  taken  as 
the  ostensible  basis  of  "the  Improved  Version,  "ipublished  by  the  Unitarian  Society. 


1853.]  A  Journey  from  London  to  Paris  in  1736.  23 

successive  years  at  the  head  of  their  body.  He  was  first  elected  President  of  the 
College  of  Physicians  of  Edinburgh  in  the  year  1756,  and  after  six  re-elections,  he  at 
length  relinquished  the  chair  entirely  upon  his  own  resolution,  <'  that  it  was  due  to  the 
merits  of  other  gentlemen  that  there  should  be  some  rotation.''  He  did  not,  however, 
relax  his  exertions  in  the  service  of  the  College  ;  and  he  was  one  of  the  most  liberal 
contributors  to  the  building  of  their  Hall.  As  a  mark  of  gratitude  for  his  services  the 
physicians  placed  his  portrait  in  their  library. 

Sir  Alexander  Dick  was  not  less  useful  to  other  public  institutions  in  Edinburgh. 
He  was  a  zealous  member  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  took  an  active  part  in  procuring 
its  charter  ;  and,  as  a  manager  of  the  Royal  Infirmary,  he  endeavoured  to  promote  its 
utility  as  a  medical  school,  as  well  as  a  refuge  for  the  unfortunate.  When  the  seeds 
of  the  true  rhubarb  were  brought  to  Britain  by  Dr.  Mounsey,  he  bestowed  great 
attention  on  the  culture  of  the  plant,  and  in  its  preparation  for  the  market,  and  he 
received  for  his  success  in  this  matter  the  gold  medal  of  the  Society  of  Arts  in  London. 

His  death  occurred  at  the  age  of  eighty-two,  on  the  10th  Nov.  1785.  He  had 
married  twice  ;  first,  in  1736,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Alexander  Dick,  merchant  in  Edin- 
burgh, a  relative  of  his  mother's  family,  by  whom  he  left  two  daughters  ;  and  secondly^ 
in  1762,  Mary,  daughter  of  David  Butler,  esq.  of  Pembrokeshire,  by  whom  he  had 
three  sons  and  three  daughters. 

A  memoir  of  Sir  Alexander  Dick,  which  was  published  soon  after  his  death  in  the 
Edinburgh  Medical  Commentaries,  was  reprinted  (for  private  distribution)  in  1849  by 
his  descendant,  the  late  Sir  Robert  K.  Dick  Cunninghame,  Bart. ;  and  from  that  source 
we  conclude  these  introductory  remarks  with  the  following  estimate  of  his  character  : 
fv^  **  Whatever  object  engaged  his  attention  he  was  steady  in  the  pursuit;  and  his  con- 
duct was  always  marked  by  the  strictest  fairness  and  integrity.  This  disposition  led 
him  to  be  constant  and  warm  in  his  friendship  :  and  this  conduct  procured  to  him 
universal  love  and  esteem.  But  he  was  not  more  amiable  in  public  than  in  private 
life;  for,  with  all  his  disposition  for  activity  and  exertion,  the  striking  features  of  his 
character  were  mildness  and  sweetness  of  temper.  He  possessed  the  happy  disposi- 
tion of  viewing  the  fair  side  of  every  object,  which  was  not  only  the  source  of  much 
happiness  to  himself  and  his  family,  but  of  universal  benevolence  to  mankind.  The 
serenity  and  cheerfulness  which  accompanied  his  conduct  through  life,  were  the  at- 
tendants even  of  his  last  moments,  for  he  died  in  the  easiest  way,  and  with  a  smile 
upon  his  countenance." 

The  MS.  containing  the  journal  of  his  tour  has  this  memorandum  on  its  fly-leaf  t 

"  Alexander  Dick 

from  papers  were  dictated  to  Wm.  Crauford,  hie  amanueneie, 

for  the  use  of  his  fomily  and  friends  only,  but  not  published.'' 

(The  words  in  Italic  being  apparently  secunda  manu.) 

Edinburgh.  A.  B.  6. 

1736,  July  24. — Mr.  Ramsay  and  I  market-places  filled  with  abundance  of 

left  London  and  came  to  Dover  in  the  every  good  eatable  thing ;  the  roads 

coach,  with  a  jolly  English  parson,  a  pleasant  and  good ;  the  inns  numerous 

crabbed  lawyer,  a  Frenchman  who  was  and  well-served ;  the  coachmen  rather 

LordVane'ssuperintendant,andavery  rough  and  absolute,  and  more  atten- 

odd-looking,  bearish,  hypochondriacal  tive  to  their  horses  than  the  company, 

man,  going  to  Aix-la-Chapelle  for  his  Our  conversation  brightened  up  as  the 

health.     We  admired  the  verdure  and  day  advanced,  afler  we  had  eat  and 

the  fine  cultivated  fields  in  Kent ;  the  drank  together. 

numerous  hop-gardens  ready  to  bios-         July  25. — We  took  the  packet-boat 

som,  and  cherry-orchards ;  the  people  at  Dover  in  the  evening  of  the  25th, 

and  cattle  in  good  plight ;  the  towns  and  lay  all  night  above  deck  on  our 

and  villages  neat  and  clean;  and  the  passage  to  Calais,  which  was  very  agree* 


24 


A  Journey  from  London  to  Paris  in  1736. 


[Jan. 


able,  with  a  fair  wind.  Our  company 
were  Dunkirk  merchants,  and  several 
French  gentlemen,  with  whom  we  en- 
tered into  conversation  in  French,  as 
Mr.  Ramsay  and  I  had  been  early  ac- 
customed to  speak  that  language  at 
home,  both  from  my  father's  early 
initiating  me  in  it,  which  he  himself 
spoke  well,  but  likewise  from  my 
having  been  three  years  abroad  as  a 
Student  of  Medicine  in  Holland,  and 
three  months  at  Paris  about  ten  years 
before  this  period.  Mr.  Ramsay  and 
I,  therefore,  made  a  resolution  to  speak 
no  other  language  but  French  while 
we  remained  m  Prance,  and,  upon  our 
arrival  in  Italy,  no  other  language  but 
Italian  ;  as  we  had  been  well  founded 
in  it  before  we  left  Edinburgh. 

Jidy  26. — On  the  morning  of  the 
26th  we  arrived  at  Calais,  and  were 
less  troubled  with  custom-house  offi- 
cers than  at  Dover,  everything  of  that 
kind  being  better  regulated  in  France 
than  in  England.  One  of  our  Flemish 
merchants  was  in  person  very  like  my 
brother.  Sir  William  Dick,  and  gave 
us  a  favourable  account  of  his  travels 
in  England,  and  of  the  flourishing  con- 
dition of  the  city  of  Dunkirk.  At 
Calais  there  was  a  very  lean  gentle- 
man who  dined  with  us  at  the  inn, 
and,  from  circumstances  that  we  had 
not  leisure  to  inquire  into,  expressed 
a  great  reluctance  for  parting  with  us 
as  we  were  immediately  to  set  out  for 
Paris.  It  being  warm  weather,  our 
posting  equipage  happened  not  to  be 
suitable  to  the  modes  of  France  ;  but 
we  followed  our  own  way,  for  coolness, 
being  in  our  white  stockings  without 
boots,  to  the  great  surprise  of  all  the 
Frenchmen  we  met. 

Jnly  27. — Arrived  at  Boulogne,  and 
remarked,  as  we  came  along,  the  open 
country,  and,  indeed,  the  Scotish  ap- 
pearance of  Picardy.  A  Dr.  Hay,  who 
nad  been  in  the  rebellion  of  1715,  and 
a  great  partisan  of  that  cause,  found 
us  out  immediately  when  we  arrived, 
and  gave  us  a  very  kind  reception ; 
and  by  him  we  were  invited  to  dine 
with  IVIr.  Smith,  the  great  Scotch  wine 
merchant  there,  who  had  been  for- 
merly in  that  same  cause,  and  enter- 
tained us  with  many  various  scenes  in 
which  they  both  had  been  concerned 
in  that  disastrous  business,  of  whicli, 


he  said,  he  made  the  most  of  it  by  fol- 
lowing a  trade  very  beneficial,  which, 
he  hoped,  soon  afterwards  would  lead 
him  to  Scotland,  to  purchase  a  landed 
estate  in  his  own  country. 

July  28. — Set  out  in  the  morning 
for  Amiens,  where  we  arrived  in  the 
afternoon ;  saw  the  cathedral ;  liked 
the  place  much.  Both  Abbeville  and 
Amiens  are  thriving  towns  for  manu- 
factures. 

Jidy  29. — Our  road  was  through  a 
fine  corn  country,  and,  at  that  time, 
the  people  were  all  employed  about 
their  harvest.  We  dined  at  Clermont, 
and  saw  the  Duke  of  Berwick's  house 
opposite  to  it.  From  eating  much 
fruit,  and  grapes,  not  quite  ripe,  the 
weather  also  being  very  warm,  I  fell 
sick  upon  the  road,  and,  in  a  common 
bye  inn,  within  a  post  of  Chantilly,  I 
was  obliged  to  put  up,  where  we  were 
but  indiiferentiy  used  by  the  surly 
landlord ;  however,  after  passing  a  not 
very  comfortable  night,  I  found  my- 
self very  well  next  morning. 

Jidy  30.— AVent  to  Chantilly,  where 
the  Duke  of  Bourbon's  fine  palace  is  : 
there  we  saw  the  most  magnificent 
stables  in  Europe,  which  contain  many 
hundreds  of  the  finest  horses,  with 
every  accommodation  for  them.  On 
every  hand  there  were  fine  gardens 
and  waterworks  without,  and  rich  fur- 
niture, paintings,  tapestry,  and  statues 
within ;  particularly  those  of  Condc, 
and  Turenne,  with  all  their  battles 
painted  near  them.  Came  to  Paris 
that  night,  about  four  o'clock;  went 
to  lodge  at  Mr.  Roberts'  bagnio,  where 
we  were  well  bathed  and  served,  but 

Eaid  very  dear  for  what  we  had  in  that 
ouse.  We  met  there  with  Mr.  Horn, 
Lord  Drumore's  son,  and  Mr.  Oswald 
of  Duniekean.  Went  with  them  to 
see  the  Palais  Royal,  and,  in  the  even- 
ing, went  to  the  Italian  comedy ;  both 
which  places  gave  us  very  great  enter- 
tainment. The  first  has  the  noblest 
collection  of  pictures  in  Europe,  and 
belongs  to  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  the 
son  of  the  Regent,  the  first  Prince  of 
the  Blood  in  trance. 

Ang^ist  2. — Went  to  Mr.  Alexander, 
our  banker;  saw  there  Dr.  Hickman, 
who  travelled  with  the  Duke  of  King- 
ston,* and  one  Mr.  Diggs.  That  day 
we  dined  with   Captain  Urquhart,  a 


♦  Evelyn  Pierrepoiat,  the  second  Duke  of  Kingston,  succeeded  1726,  died  1773. 
3 


1853.]  A  Journey  from  England  to  Paris  in  1786. 


25 


Scots  gentleman  in  the  Spanish  ser- 
vice, who  was  to  go  with  Air.  Horn  to 
meet  the  Earl  Marshal,*  then  at  Va- 
lencia, in  Spain.  Saw  that  day  the 
Luxembourg  gallery,  with  all  the  fine 
paintings  of  Rubens  there.  Walked 
aflerwu^  in  the  gardens,  which  are 
well  kept,  but  not  in  the  best  taste ; 
little  of  nature  ;  all  is  regularity ;  the 
walks  are  very  broad,  where  there  is 
often  a  vast  resort  of  good  company, 
extremely  well  dressed.  The  ladies 
are  all  painted,  and  the  red  of  their 
cheeks  has  a  very  flaming  appearance ; 
the  married  ladies  chiefly,  being  laid 
on  without  mercy,  which  makes  a  sad 
havock  on  natural  beauty,  but  is  of 
particular  solace  to  ladies  coming  into 
years ;  for,  by  covering  their  wrinkles. 
It  puts  them  upon  a  level  with  the 
young  beauties  who  would  soon  eclipse 
them  in  every  respect. 

Atmut  3.— Took  lodgings  in  the  Rue 
Dau^mine;  met  at  the  British  Coffie 
House  there  with  Mr.  M*Querger,  a 
gentleman  famous  afterwards  in  the 
defence  of  the  young  gentleman  who 
claimed  the  estate  and  titles  of  the 
Earl  of  Anglesey ;  also  met  Dr.  Hick- 
man, Mr.  Diggs,  and  Mr.  Bridges. 
Went  with  them  to  the  Academy  of 
Painting,  dined  with  them  at  the 
Croidfer,  and,  after  dinner,  went  with 
them  to  the  Cardinal  de  Polignac's; 
there  wo  saw  the  finest  collection  of 
Greek  statues  in  Europe,  lately  brought 
from  Rome,  viz. :  the  story  of  Achilles 
beguiled  by  Ulysses,  with  the  armour 
he  presented,  &c.  From  thence  we 
went  to  the  Invalides,  a  royal  hospital 
for  wounded  and  old  soldiers.  It  is 
of  great  extent,  great  elegance  and 
magnificence  in  the  architecture,  and 
has  the  best  contrivance  in  the  arranffe- 
ment  of  the  wards,  and  good  regular 
orders,  that  I  have  seen ;  the  best  that 
are  observed  in  any  hospital  in  Europe : 
it  contains  some  thousands  of  men  who 
have  bravely  and  long  served  their 
country,  or  have  bled  in  its  cause.  We 
went  from  thence  to  the  Ojjera,  but 
did  not  much  admire  the  music,  which 
was  entirely  in  the  French  taste,  loud 
and  noisy,  great  in  the  execution,  but 
very  mean  and  little  in  the  harmonious 
part  which  belongs  to  good  music. 


August  4. — Went  to  the  cathedral 
of  Notre  Dame  on  St.  Grenevieve's  day, 
the  patroness  of  Paris,  where  there 
were  great  processions  and  solemnities. 
In  the  afternoon  went  with  Mr.  Diggs 
to  the  church  of  St.  Geneviiive ;  there 
saw  the  pious  Duke  of  Orleans,  and 
his  sister  the  Queen  of  Spain,  who 
came  to  assist  at  the  solemnity.  The 
music  we  heard  there  was  very  good. 
Went  from  thence  in  the  evening  to 
the  Concert  Spirituelle,  in  the  King's 
palace  in  the  Louvre,  where  we  heard 
the  best  performers  in  France,  and 
the  composition  of  the  Italian  taste. 

From  the  last  date  to  the  end  of 
August  we  employed  every  day  in 
visiting  all  the  places  rouncl  Paris,  as 
far  as  the  King's  palace  at  Versailles, 
twelve  miles  from  Paris.  We  went 
with  Mr.  Oswald  to  see  King  Stanis- 
laus, the  Queen's  father,  at  his  country 
palace  at  Meudon,  where  he  lived  in 
retirement  and  elegance,  after  the 
bustling  disagreeable  life  he  had  while 
King  of  Poland,  from  which  he  was 
driven  to  his  good.  The  King,*!*  and 
his  daughter  the  Queen,  made  him 
frequent  visits,  and  often  c(msulted 
him  in  matters  of  state.  The  weather 
being  very  fine,  we  staid  at  Versailles 
and  visited  the  palace  and  gardens 
with  accuracy,  but  with  astonishment 
at  everything  in  the  gardens,  which 
were  of  great  extent,  but  no  ways  in 
the  style  of  nature.  Art  only  pre- 
vailed, and  that  at  an  immense  expense  : 
the  statues  were  numerous,  and  but 
very  few  of  them  exquisite,  and  those 
only  by  Girardon,J'  of  whom,  indeed, 
there  were  some  noble  groups,  besides 
single  pieces.  The  walks  were  very 
broad,  and,  in  some  places,  could  admit 
of  the  King's  coaches-and-six,  and  his 
guards  and  attendants,  to  go  through 
them.  The  waterworks  and  cascades 
were  extremely  showy ;  they  were 
erected  and  kept  at  an  immense  charge ; 
they  play  but  seldom,  and  that  on  great 
occasions.  It  was  our  good  fortune 
that  some  Polish  ladies  having  arrived, 
who  were  relations  to  the  Queen  (one 
of  which  was  indeed  exceeding  hand- 
some), the  waterworks  were  ordered  to 
play  for  their  entertainment ;  and  the 
ladies  were  conducted  in  little  hand- 


*  One  of  the  leading  adherents  of  the  Pretender,  and  who  had  been  attainted  for  his 
concern  in  the  Rebellion  of  1715. 
t  Lonia  XV.  f  Francois  Girardon,  died  1715,  aged  83. 

Gbht.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX.  E 


The  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  [Jan. 


26 


cbairs,  pushed  forwards  by  some  of  the 
guards,  to  all  the  waterworks  in  the 
gardens,  which  gave  us  the  best  of  op- 
portunities of  seeing  the  whole.  We 
afterwards  walked  through  the  palace, 
and  the  long  gallery,  which  is  very 
noble  and  louy,  and  ornamented  with 
the  several  paintings  done  of  Alexan- 
der's battles  by  Le  Brun.  In  the 
apartments  we  saw  several  capital  pic- 
tures of  the  best  masters,  particularly 
of  Raphael.  The  King's  stables  are 
very  magnificent,  and  all  filled  with 
the  finest  horses  to  serve  them  for  the 
diversion  of  hunting,  in  which  he  is 
every  day  occupied,  with  a  circle  of 
his  courtiers  and  favourites.  We  saw 
him  one  day  in  the  chapel  attending 
the  morning's  mass;  he  has  a  good 
countenance  and  manly,  but  is  under- 
limbed  in  his  walking,  yet  he  makes  a 
fine  figure  on  horseback.  Everything 
in  Versailles  has  the  look  of  too  great 
an  expense  and  too  much  show  ;  con- 
sequently the  taste  is  not  universally 


good,  though,  it  must  be  owned,  there 
are  great  many  fine  things  there.  I 
bought  up  there  the  works  of  Porelle, 
where  the  description  of  several  and 
very  elegant  prints  are  bound  up,  in 
my  library.  In  these  the  best  streets 
and  buildings  in  Paris,  and  also  the 
finest  parts,  buildings,  and  gardens  of 
Versailles,  are  most  elegantly  and  ac- 
curately described,  which  collection 
had  belonged  to  Mons.  Claude  Bernard 
Audevurdes  Comptes,  a  gentleman  in 
high  offices,  who  had  died  some  time 
before  our  arrival,  by  which  means.  I 
purchased  this  and  some  other  of  his 
things  when  they  were  brought  to  sale. 
To  all  which  I  refer  for  inspection  and 
consideration. 

In  pursuance  of  our  jaunts  round 
the  city  of  Paris,  we  observed  what 
was  remarkable  at  Trianon  near  Ver- 
sailles, and  the  Duke  of  Orleans'  country 
palace  of  St.  Cloud,  but  found  them 
all  copies  in  small  of  the  King's  greater 
works  at  Versailles. 


THE  CLOISTER  LIFE  OF  THE  EMPEROR  CHARLES  THE  FIFTH. 

The  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  the  Fifth.     By  William  Stirling,  Author  of 
Annals  of  the  Artists  of  Spain.  1852.  8vo. 


NO  event  in  history  has  been  more 
misunderstood  than  the  resignation  of 
the  imperial  throne  by  the  Emperor 
Charles  the  Fifth,  and  his  subsequent 
cloister  life  at  Yuste.  The  want  of 
documents  rendered  the  narratives  of 
this  period  imperfect ;  or,  at  least,  these 
do  not  appear  to  have  been  extensively 
consulted.*  Thus  the  cause  and  the 
motive  for  the  resignation  and  the  re- 
tirement being  but  partially  known. 


the  act  was  described  speculatively — 
rather  than  historicallv — as  it  appeared 
through  the  mists  of  tradition,  or  as 
it  was  pictured  by  the  imagination. 
Hence  the  conflict  of  opinions  in  the 
moral  estimation  of  tliat  resolution 
which  was  equal  to  exchange  the  gran- 
deur and  the  power  of  empire  for  the 
narrow  cell  and  the  religious  seclusion 
of  the  cloister.  The  historian  described 
the  act  as  that  of  a  mind  worn  out  by 


*  As  regards  documents  relative  to  the  reign  of  Charles  V.  a  great  deal  has  of  late 
been  done.  Dr.  Karl  Lanz  has  printed  at  Leipzig,  in  3  vols.  Svo.  1844. G,  the  "  Cor- 
respondenz  dea  Kaisers  Karl  V.''  from  the  Royal  Archives  and  the  Burgundian  library 
at  Brussels,  containing  documents,  with  but  few  exceptions,  now  for  the  first  time 
printed,  and  of  great  importance,  as  determining  the  cause  of  Charles's  resignation. 

M.  Gachard,  of  Brussels,  has  printed  also  much  documentary  matter  relative  to  the 
affairs  of  the  Netherlands,  and  promises  further  contributions  towards  the  hbtory 
of  Charles's  reign.  The  French  government  has  in  course  of  publication,  in  the  series  of 
**  Documents  In^dits,"  *'  Negociationa  Diplomatiques  entre  la  France  et  TAutriche 
durant  les  Trente  premieres  Annies  du  16*  Sidcle,  publiees  par  Le  Glay.  2  vols.  4  to. 
1845  ;'*  **  Papiers  d'Etat  du  Cardinal  de  Granville  d'apres  les  MSS.  de  Besan9on, 
publics  par  Ch.  Weiss,  8  vols.  4to.  1841-1850;"  and  from  various  public  libraries, 
and  the  collections  in  France,  Spain,  Portugal,  and  Italy,  M.  Champollion  Figeac  has 
compiled  a  volume  of  great  interest,— "  Captivity  du  Roi  Fran9ois  I."  4to.  1847.  Much 
also  has  been  added  to  our  information  by  the  researches  of  printing  societies  and  publi- 
cations in  Germany.    There  is  now  no  dearth  of  materials  for  a  new  Life  of  Charles  V. 


1853.]  TKe  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V. 


27 


tiie  cares  of  goyemment,  crushed  by 
adverse  fortune,  struck  down  by  the 
recoil  of  unsuccessful  ambition.  The 
moralist  descanted  upon  the  insuffi- 
ciency of  worldly  state  to  satisfy  the 
longings  of  the  immortal  soul.  The 
politician  deplored  the  superstition 
which  induced  a  mighty  monarch  to 
for^o  the  goyemment  of  nations,  the 
association  with  great  warriors  and 
statesmen,  for  the  society  of  ignorant 
monks,  and  the  observance  of  a  de- 
basing ritual.  Another  idea  conceived 
of  the  act  may  not,  perhaps,  be  unfairly 
illustrated  by  the  following  note  in  the 
masterly  translation  of  Ariosto's  Or- 
lando Furioso  hj  William  Stewart 
Hose.  It  occurs  m  vol.  vii.  p  157,  to 
canto  40,  stanza  76,  line  5,  of  the  ori- 
ginal. "  Dudon  finished  his  career  as 
ekhermity — a  very  common  practice  with 
the  supposed  knights-errant,  and,  like 
all  the  usages  of  romance,  paralleled 
by  many  instances  in  real  life  during 
the  middle  ages.  Ariosto's  own  age 
furnished  the  most  notable  example, 
tn  the  self-seclusion  of  the  Emperor 
Charles  theFiflhr  We  submit  this  to 
be  the  poet's  view.  How  far  justified 
by  historical  evidence  Mr..  Stirling's 
volume  will  now  show.  AVe  only  re- 
gret the  name  of  William  Stewart  Rose 
IS  no  longer  associated  with  the  plea- 
sures of  literature  at  the  present  day ; 
no  man  treated  history  and  historical 
character  in  a  more  fair  and  candid 
spirit ;  no  writer  more  tempered  judg- 
ment with  the  grace  of  an  accomplished 
mind. 

Nor,  indeed,  to  a  late  period,  if  his- 
torians were  the  guides^  could  general 
readers  be  censured  for  wandering 
from  the  right  path.  The  little  that 
was  accurate  was  narrated  by  Spanish 
authors ;  but  Spanish  literature  has 
never  prevailed  with  any  ^eat  force 
in  England.  Its  noble  ballad  history 
is  still  known  to  the  majority  through 
the  translations  of  Southey,  J.  H. 
Frere,  and  J.  G^  Lockhart — the  criti- 
cism of  the  Schlegels — or  the  pleasing 
History  of  Southern  Literature  by 
Sismondi.  Cervantes*  Don  Quixote 
is  a  household  book ;  and  if  we  add 
the  best  Picaresque  novels,  we  have 
we  think  described  the  general  extent 
of  our  information  as  regards  Spanish 
authors.  For  Charles  the  Fifth  we 
are  referred  to  Robertson.  To  esti- 
mate the  value  of  this  historian,  we 


shall  briefly  enumerate  the  Spaniards 
who  have  narrated  the  Cloister  Life  of 
Charles,  derived  from  the  preface  to 
Mr.  Stirling's  work.  The  first,  and 
perhaps  the  best,  account  is  to  be  found 
in  Joseph  de  Siguen9a's  History  of  the 
Order  of  St.  Jerome.  This  was  pub- 
lished in  1595-1605.  To  great  learn- 
ing Siguenga  united  a  style  remark- 
able for  its  simple  eloouence.  In 
relating  the  life  of  the  Emperor  at 
Yuste  ne  had  the  advantage  of  con- 
versing with  many  eye-witnesses  of 
the  fact^.  Fray  Antonio  de  Villa- 
castin  and  several  other  monks  of 
Yuste,  the  Emperor's  confessor  Regla, 
and  his  favourite  preacher  Yillalva; 
and  he  may  also  have  had  intercourse 
with  Quixada  the  Chamberlain,  and 
Gaztelu  the  secretary ;  and  at  Toledo 
or  Madrid  he  had  opportunities  of 
knowing  Torriano  the  Emperor's  me- 
chanician. The  next  anthor  is  Fray 
Prudencio  de  Sandoval,  whose  History 
of  Charles  the  Fifth  appeared  in  1604- 
1606,  2  vols,  folio.  In  the  latter 
volume  a  supplementary  book  is  de- 
voted to  the  Cloister  Life  at  Yuste. 
It  was  founded  from  a  MS.  narration 
written  by  Fray  Martin  de  Angulo, 
prior  of  the  convent.  Juan  Antonio 
dc  Vera  y  Fi^ueroa,  Count  of  La 
Roca,  printed  his  epitome  of  the  Life 
of  Charles  the  Fifth,  in  quarto,  at 
Madrid,  in  1613.  He  added  but  little 
to  the  preceding,  but  mav  have  coil- 
versed  with  persons  of  Charles'  suite. 
The  Jesuit  Pedro  Ribadeneira,  in  his 
Life  of  Father  Francisco  Borgia,  pub- 
lished in  1592,  gave  a  circumstantial 
account  of  the  interviews  which  took 
place  in  Estramadura  between  that  re- 
markable man  and  the  Emperor,  which 
he  had  ample  opportunities  of  hearing 
from  the  lips  of  !Borgia  himself. 

We  are  now  to  consider  the  history 
by  Robertson.  If  we  compare  Ro- 
bertson with  Macaulay,  he  is  inferior 
to  him  in  brilliancy  of  thought,  energy 
of  narrative,  and  copious  felicity  of 
illustration.  His  imagination  is  warm 
and  glowing,  but  does  not  present 
such  striking  pictures  to  the  mind. 
His  skill  in  generalisation  is  less,  he 
cannot  portray  character  so  power- 
fully, nor  docs  ho  recal  the  past  with 
that  deep  dramatic  effect  which  botft 
actor  and  event  awaken  when  revived 
by  the  research,  the  imagination,  and 
the  careftil  study  of  the  later  writer. 


.28 


The  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  [Jan. 


If  we  compai'e  Robertson  with  Hume, 
his  style  is  less  enriched  with  philoso- 
phical reflection,  is  unequal  in  breadth 
of  description,  does  not  present  to  us 
those  deej)  thoughts  which  arise  from 
the  narrative,  and  break  away  like  bold 
headlands  from  the  plain,  nor  are  the 
great  actors  on  his  scene  arrayed  with 
80  much  dignity,  nor  his  events  so 
boldly  massed.  But  in  those  cardinal 
virtues  of  an  historian,  care  and  in- 
dustry, in  research,  impartiality,  the 
love  of  truth,  and  unimpassioned  judg- 
ment, he  is  eminently  superior.  To 
both  Hume  and  Macaulay  he  is  equal 
in  intellectual  lucidity,  and  by  many 
will  be  preferred,  through  the  absence 
of  all  exaggeration,  the  uniform  sub- 
jection of  his  imagination,  the  selection 
of  his  topics,  the  elevated  simplicity 
and  the  consequent  dignity  of  his  style. 
His  great  denciency  arises  from  his 
imperfect  authorities ;  he  could  impart 
dignity  and  grace  to  superficial  know- 
ledge upon  some  points,  and  this  he 
did,  yet  even  on  these  he  must  be 
judged  in  relation  to  his  opportunities 
and  his  time.  In  the  case  of  the 
Cloister  Life  of  Charles  the  Fifth  his 
inaccuracy  has  been  long  admitted. 
Citing,  says  Mr.  Stirling,  the  respect- 
able names  of  Sandoval,  Vera,  and  De 
Thou,  he  seems  to  have  relied  chiefly 
upon  Leti,  one  of  the  most  lively  and 
least  trustworthy  of  the  historians  of 
his  time.  He  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  aware  of  the  existence  of  Si- 
guen9a.  We  will  now  describe  the 
authorities  for  the  present  work,  in 
addition  to  the  authors  already  no- 
ticed. A  visit  Mr.  Stirling  paid  to 
Yuste  in  1849  first  led  him  to  look 
into  the  original  narratives  of  the  event. 
An  article  by  M.  Gachard,  in  the 
Bulletins  of  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Brussels,  vol.  xii.  part  i.  1845,  to  which 
the  attention  of  our  readers  is  directed, 
informed  him  that  the  archives  of  the 
Foreign  Office  of  France  contained  a 
long  account  of  the  retirement  of 
Charles  the  Fifth,  illustrated  with  ori- 
ginal letters,  of  which  he  gives  the  fol- 
lowing account.  At  the  restoration 
of  Ferdinand  the  Seventh  the  royal 
archives  of  Spain,  preserved  in  the 
castle  of  Simancas,  near  Valladolid, 
were  entrusted  to  the  care  of  Don  Tomas 
Gonzalez,  canon  of  Plasencia.  From 
the  documents  there  existing  Gonzalez, 
whose  name  19  held  in  deserved  repute 


as  a  contributor  to  the  Memoirs  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  History  of  .Spain, 
prepared  this  account  of  the  Emperor's 
life  at  Yuste,  and  had  fairly  copied  it 
for  the  press,  when  death  brought  his 
labours  to  a  premature  close.  His 
books  and  papers  devolved  to  his  bro- 
ther Manuel,  who  succeeded  him  in 
his  post  at  Simancas.  In  1836  Manuel 
was  displaced,  and  being  reduced  to 
poverty,  ofiered  his  MS.  for  sale,  and 
finally  disposed  of  it  in  1844,  for  the 
sum  of  4,000  francs,  to  M.  Mignet, 
then  director  of  the  archives  of  the 
French  Foreign  Office.  It  is  entitled, 
"  The  Retirement,  Residence,  and 
Death  of  the  Emperor  Charles  the 
Fifth,  in  the  Monastery  of  Yuste,  a 
historical  narrative  founded  on  docu- 
ments." The  bulk  of  the  memoir  con- 
sists almost  wholly  of  original  letters 
selected  from  the  correspondence  car- 
ried on  between  the  courts  at  Valla- 
dolid and  Brussels  and  the  retired 
Emperor  and  his  household,  in  the 
years  1556,  1557,  and  1558.  The 
principal  writers  are  Philip  the  Second, 
the  Infanta  Juana,  Juan  Vazquez  de 
Molina,  secretary  of  state,  Francisco 
de  Eraso,  secretary  to  the  King,  Don 
Garcia  de  Toledo,  tutor  to  Don  Carlos, 
the  Emperor,  Luis  Quixada,  his  cham- 
berlain, Martin  de  Gaztelu,  his  secre- 
tary, William  Van  Male,  his  gentleman 
of  the  chamber,  and  Mathisio  and  Cor- 
nelio,  his  physicians.  Tha-  thread  of 
the  narrative  is  supplied  by  Gonzalez, 
who  has  done  his  part  with  great  judg- 
ment, permitting  the  story  to  be  told, 
as  far  as  possible,  by  the  original  actors 
in  their  own  wbrds.  Such  are  the  au- 
thorities consulted  by  Mr.  Stirling, 
from  whose  pages  we  shall  now  ex- 
tract such  passages  as  may  serve  to 
present  the  Cloister  Life  of  Charles 
the  Fifth  to  our  readers,  and  of  which 
M.  Gachard  promises  also  a  narrative. 
Charles  the  Fifth  had  long  nourished 
the  desire  to  exchange  the  pomp  and 
care  which  hedge  a  throne  for  the  se- 
clusion and  repose  of  the  cloister.  He 
had  agreed  witli  the  Empress  Isabella, 
who  died  in  1538,  that  as  soon  as  state 
affairs  would  permit  they  were  to  re- 
tire for  the  remainder  of  their  days, — 
he  into  a  convent,  she  into  a  nunnery. 
This  design  had  become  rumoured 
among  the  courtiers.  In  1548  Philip 
the  Second  was  sent  for  to  receive  the 
oath  of  allegiance  from  the  Nether* 


1853.]  The  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V. 


29 


lands.  In  1551  he  was  invested  with 
the  duchy  of  Milan.  In  1555  Charles 
assemljled  the  states  at  Brussels,  and 
having  commenced  his  career  of  re- 
ligious devotion  by  inducing  Philip  to 
break  faith  with  his  favourite  sister's 
only  child,  he  abdicated  soon  after  the 
domains  of  the  house  of  Burgundy  and 
the  Spanish  kingdoms  in  his  favour, 
and  placed  in  the  hands  of  William  the 
Silent  a  deed  of  renunciation  of  the 
imperial  crown.  Early  in  September, 
1556,  a  fleet  assembled  at  Flushing 
under  the  command  of  Don  Luis  de 
Carvajal  to  convey  him  to  Spain. 
The  voyage  is  thus  described : 

The  vessel  prepared  for  the  Emperor 
was  a  Biscayan  ship  of  five  hundred  and 
sixty-five  tons,  the  Espiritu  Santo,  bat 
generally  called  the  Bertendona.  The 
cabin  of  Charles  was  fitted  up  with  green 
hangings,  a  swing  bed,  with  curtains  of  the 
same  colour,  and  eight  glass  windows. 
His  personal  suite  consisted  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  persons.  The  Queens  were  ac- 
commodated on  board  a  Flemish  vessel, 
and  the  entire  fleet  numbered  fifty-six 
sail.  The  royal  party  embarked  on  the 
13th  September,  but  the  state  of  the 
weather  did  not  allow  them  to  put  to  sea 
until  the  17th.  The  next  day,  as  they 
passed  between  the  white  cliffs  of  Kent 
and  Artois,  they  fell  in  with  an  English 
squadron  of  five  sail,  of  which  the  admiral 
came  on  board  the  Emperor's  ship  and 
kissed  his  hand.  On  the  ^Oth  contrary 
winds  drove  them  to  take  shelter  under 
the  isle  of  Portland  for  a  night  and  a  day. 
The  weather  continuing  unfavourable,  on 
the  22nd  the  Emperor  ordered  the  admi- 
ral to  steer  for  the  Isle  of  Wight,  but  a 
fair  breeze  springing  up  as  they  came  in 
sight  of  that  island  the  fleet  once  more 
took  a  westerly  course,  and  gained  the 
coast  of  Biscay,  without  further  adventure. 
Casting  anchor  in  the  road  of  Laredo,  on 
the  afternoon  of  Monday  the  28th  of 
September,  the  Emperor  went  ashore  that 
evening,  and  was  joined  next  day  by  the 
two  Queens. 

Laredo  is  a  place  of  note  :  it  had 
been  a  Roman  commercial  station,  and 
became  an  important  arsenal  of  St. 
Ferdinand  of  Castillo.  From  Laredo 
Ramon  Bonifaz  sailed  to  the  Guadal- 
quivir and  the  conquest  of  Seville.  In 
1639  the  town  was  cruelly  sacked  by 
the  Archbishop  of  Bourdcaux,  in  the 
days  of  the  French  church  militant  of 
Richelieu  and  Louis  the  Thirteenth. 
Santander  rose  upon  its  ruins ;  but, 
true  to  its  martial  fame,  it  sent  a  gal- 


lant band  of  seamen  to  perish  at  Tra- 
falgar. Charles  landed  here  on  the 
evening  of  September  28,  1556,  and 
was  received  by  Pedro  Manrique 
Bishop  of  Salamanca,  and  Durango,  an 
alcalde  of  the  court,  in  waiting  there  by 
order  of  the  Infanta  Juana  Queen  of 
Spain.  His  arrival  was  unexpected, 
and  all  was  in  confusion.  Half  of 
Charles's  suite  were  ill,  eight  of  the 
attendants  were  dead,  there  were  no 
doctors,  and  a  difficulty  in  finding  a 
priest  to  say  mass.  There  was  even  a 
scarcity  of  provisions,  but  the  well- 
stored  larder  of  the  Bishop  relieved 
them  from  starvation.  The  Flemings 
of  the  suite  were  discontented,  the 
alcalde  half-crazed,  Charles  unwell  and 
out  of  humour;  but  the  arrival  of 
Colonel  Luis  Quixada,  the  Emperor's 
chamberlain,  changed  the  face  of 
affairs,  and  the  march  to  Yuste  com- 
menced the  day  afler  his  arrival. 
Charles's  health  was  delicate,  and  the 
following  was  the  mode  of  travel  : 

He  performed  the  journey  [to  Medina  de 
Pomar]  with  tolerable  ease  in  a  horse 
litter,  which  he  exchanged  when  the  road 
was  rugged,  or  very  steep,  for  a  chair 
carried  by  three  men.  Two  of  these  chairs 
and  three  litters,  in  case  of  accident  in  the 
wild  highland  march,  formed  his  travelling 
equipment.  By  his  side  rode  Luis  Quixada, 
or  Lachaulx,  if  the  presence  of  the  cham- 
berlain, who  acted  as  marshal  and  quarter- 
master, was  required  elsewhere.  The  rest 
of  the  attendants  followed  on  horseback, 
and  the  cavalcade  was  preceded  by  the 
alcalde  Durango  and  five  alguazils,  with 
their  wands  of  office,  a  vanguard  which 
Quixada  said  made  the  party  look  like  a 
convoy  of  prisoners.  These  alguazils,  and 
the  general  shabbiness  of  the  regiment 
under  his  command,  were  matters  of 
great  concern  to  the  colonel,  but  his  re- 
monstrances met  with  no  sympathy  from 
the  Emperor,  who  said  the  tipstaves  did 
very  well  for  him,  and  that  he  did  not 
mean  for  the  future  to  have  any  guards 
attached  to  his  household. 

It  would  be  impossible  to  narrate 
with  minuteness  the  progress  of  the 
Emperor  to  Yuste.  We  must,  how- 
ever endeavour  to  point  out  the 
manner  in  which  he  was  received  in 
the  principal  cities  through  which  he 
pa.ssed,  to  refute  the  idle  stories  of  that 
neglect  which  even  Spanish  historians 
have  long  been  in  the  habit  of  depict- 
ing, as  if  to  deter  princes  from  the 
dangerous  experiment  of  abdication. 


30 


Hie  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  [Jan. 


During  the  day  of  rest  at  Medina  the 
imperial  quarters  were  thronged  with  noble 
and  civic  visitors ,  who  rode  into  the  town 
from  all  points  of  the  compass.  Addresses 
came  from  the  corporations  of  Burgos, 
Salamanca,  Palencia,  Pamplona,  and  other 
cities,  from  the  Archbishop  of  Toledo  and 
other  prelates.** 

On  the  13th  of  October  they  jour- 
neyed over  vast  undulating  heaths, 
rough  with  thickets  of  dwarf  oak, 
which  led  to  the  domains  of  the  Cid, 
beyond  which  rose  the  ancient  gate 
and  beautiful  twin  spires  of  Burgos. 
Two  leagues  from  the  city  the  Lm- 
peror  was  met  by  the  Constable  of 
Castille,  Don  Pedro  Fernandez  de  Ve- 
lasco,  and  a  gallant  company  of  loyal 
gentlemen,  lie  was  conducted  in  all 
honour  to  the  noble  palace  of  the 
Velascos ;  as  he  made  his  entry  the 
bells  of  the  city  rang  a  peal  of  wel- 
come, and  Burgos,  the  mourner  of  all 
Castille,  threw  aside  her  sombre  weeds, 
in  a  grand  illumination  of  its  steeples. 
His  stay  here  was  a  perpetual  levee, 
and  he  proceeded  to  Vatladolid,  then 
at  the  height  of  its  prosperity,  as  the 
rich  and  flourishing  capital  of  the 
Spanish  monarchy.  The  Emperor  and 
his  suite  were  lodged  in  the  house  of 
Don  Gomez  Perez  de  las  Marinas. 
He  was  here  received  by  the  grandees, 
the  dignitaries  of  the  church  and  the 
law,  the  council  of  state,  and  the  college 
doctors,  who  conducted  him  and  his 
suite  into  the  city  in  triumph.  A 
banquet  was  given ;  it  was  followed  by 
a  ball,  at  which  the  Emperor  was 
present. 

It  was  probably  at  this  ball  that  Charles 
caused  the  wives  of  all  his  personal  at- 
tendants to  be  assembled  around  him,  and 
bade  each  in  particular  farewell.  Perico 
de  Saint  Erbas,  a  famous  jester  of  the 
court,  passing  by  at  the  moment,  the 
Emperor  good-humouredly  saluted  him 
by  lifting  his  hat.  This  buffoon  had  for- 
merly been  wont  to  make  the  Emperor 
laugh  by  calling  his  son  Philip  Senor  de 
Todo — Lord  of  All ;  and  now  that  he  was 
so,  this  opportunity  of  reviving  the  old 
joke  was  too  good  to  be  lost  by  the  bitter 
fool.  **  What  I  do  you  uncover  to  me  ?** 
said  the  jester,  "  does  it  mean  that  you  are 
no  longer  an  Emperor  ?"  **  No,  Pedro," 
replied  the  object  of  the  jest,  "  but  it  means 
that  I  have  nothing  to  give  you  beyond 
this  courtesy.** 

His  conduct  here  again  refutes  the 
idle  story  of  his  exclusion  from  public 


affairs  after  his  abdication,  by  the  will 
of  his  son  Philip.  He  held  everj  day 
long  conferences  with  the  Princess 
Regent  and  the  Secretary  Velazquez. 
He  gave  the  guides  of  the  state  there 
his  parting  advice — advice  transmitted 
subsequently  from  Yuste,  and  which 
ended  only  with  his  powers  of  hearing 
and  dictating  despatches.  If  he  ab- 
stained from  interference  it  was  the 
resolution  of  his  own  mind. 

The  discomforts  of  Laredo  were  re- 
newed at  Xarandilla.  The  weather 
was  bad,  the  rooms  at  Yuste  not  ready 
for  his  occupation. 

Meanwhile  the  household,  especially  the 
Flemish  and  more  numerous  portion  of  it, 
was  in  a  state  of  discontent  bordering  on 
mutiny.  The  chosen  paradise  of  the  master 
was  regarded  as  a  sort  of  hell  upon  earth 
by  the  servants.  The  mayor  domo  and  the 
secretary  poured  by  every  post  their  griefs 
into  the  ear  of  the  secretary  of  state.  The 
count  of  Oropesa,  wrote  Luis  Quixada,  has 
been  driven  from  Xarandilla  by  the  damp, 
— and  Yuste  was  well  known  to  be  far 
damper  than  Xarandilla.  His  majesty 
had  been  pleased  to  approve  of  the  abode 
prepared  for  him,  but  he  himself  had  been 
there,  and  knew  that  it  was  full  of  defects 
and  discomforts. 

But  it  would  be  impossible  to  tran- 
scribe at  length  the  catalogue  of  griefs 
of  the  unhappy  Quixada.  Gaztelu  was 
equally  desponding,  and  they  chanted 
together  a  melancholy  litany,  of  win- 
dows too  large,  rooms  too  small,  reek- 
ing with  moisture,  and  condemned  to 
utter  darkness.  Moreover  "  the  gar- 
den was  paltry,  the  orange  trees  few ; 
and  the  boasted  prospect,  what  was  it 
but  a  hill  and  some  oak  trees !"  Never- 
theless, in  spite  of  their  distresses, 
their  physical  condition  triumphed 
over  their  moral.  The  Flemings,  to 
the  amusement  of  the  Castillians, 
looked  sleek  and  fat,  and  fed  vora- 
ciously '^  on  the  hams  and  other  bucolic 
meats  of  Estremadura."  Now  as  this 
matter  of  eating  enters  largely  into 
the  consideration  of  the  Emperor's 
mode  of  life,  we  must  extract  Mr.  Stir- 
ling's details  upon  this  matter : — 

In  this  matter  of  eating,  as  in  many 
other  habits,  the  Emperor  was  himself  a 
true  Fleming.  His  early  tendency  to  gout 
was  increased  by  his  indulgence  at  table, 
which  generally  far  exceeded  his  feeble 
powers  of  digestion.  Roger  Ascham, 
standing  hard  by  the  imperial  table  at  the 
feast  of  the  Golden  Fleece,  watched  with 


1853.]  The  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V. 

wonder  the  Emperor's  progress  through 
so4  beef,  roast  mutton,  baked  bare,  after 
which  he  fed  well  of  a  capon,  drinking 
also,  says  the  fellow  of  St.  John's,  the 
best  that  ever  I  saw  ;  he  had  his  head  in 
the  glass  five  times  as  long  as  any  of  them, 
and  never  drank  less  than  a  good  quart  of 

Rhenish  wine The  supply  of  his 

table  was  a  main  subject  of  the  corre- 
spondence between  the  mayor  domo  and 
the  secretary  of  state.  The  weekly  courier 
from  Valladolid  to  Lisbon  was  ordered  to 
change  his  route  that  he  might  bring  every 
Thursday  a  provision  of  eels  and  other 
rich  fish  for  Friday's  fast.  There  was  a 
constant  demand  for  anchovies,  tunny,  and 
other  potted  fish;  sometimes  a  complaint 
that  the  trouts  were  too  small,  the  olives 
were  too  large,  and  the  Emperor  wished 

instead  for  olives  of  Perejon 

Another  day  sausages  were  wanted,  of  the 
kind  which  the  Queen  Jnana,  now  in 
glory,  used  to  pride  herself  in  making,  in 
the  Flemish  fashion,  at  Tordesillas,  and 
for  the  receipt  for  which  the  secretary  is 
referred  to  the  Marquess  of  Denia. 

The  Emperor's  weakness  became 
known,  and  was  propitiated  through 
his  stomach — a  greater  moral  agent  m 
the  affairs  of  human  life  than  our  in- 
tellect may  be  prepared  to  admit.  Luis 
Quixada  struggled  bravely  against  it, 
"  but  his  office  of  purveyor  was  more 
commonly  exercised  under  protest, 
and  he  interposed  between  his  master 
and  an  eel-pie,  as  in  other  days  he 
would  have  thrown  himself  between 
the  imperial  person  and  the  point  of  a 
Moorish  lance." 

On  the  3rd  of  February,  1557,  at 
three  o'clock,  the  Emperor  was  placed 
in  his  litter,  and  the  Count  of  Oropesa, 
and  the  attendants,  mounted  their 
horses,  and  crossing  the  leafless  forest 
in  two  hours,  the  cavalcade  halted  at 
the  gates  of  Yuste.  He  was  here  re- 
ceived by  the  prior,  who,  in  his  happy 
Ignorance,  addressed  him  as  "  Your 
ratemity ."  At  the  door  of  the  church 
he  was  met  by  the  whole  brotherhood 
in  procession,  chanting  the  Te  Deum. 
The  altar  was  brilliantly  lighted  up 
and  richly  decorated,  and  Charles  knelt 
and  returned  thanks  to  God  for  the 
happy  termination  of  this  journey,  and 
then  joined  in  the  vesper  service  of  the 
feast  of  St.  Bias. 

The  following  is  Mr.  Stirling's  ac- 
count of  the  Emperor's  house : 

The  flmperor's  house,  or  palace,  as  the 


31 


friars  loved  to  call  it,  althourrh  many  a 
country  notary  was  more  splendidly  lodged, 
was  more  deserving  of  the  approbation  ac- 
corded to  it  by  the  monarch  Ihan  of  the 
abuse  lavished  upon  it  by  his  cl.amberlain. 
Backed  by  the  massive  soutl:  v.  all  of  the 
church,  the  building  presented  a  simple 
front  of  two  stories  to  the  garden  and  the 
noontide  sun.  Each  story  contained  four 
chambers,  two  on  either  side  of  a  corridor, 
which  traversed  the  structure  from  east 
and  west,  and  led  at  either  end  into  a 
broad  porch  or  covered  gallery,  supported 
by  pillars  and  open  to  the  air.  Each  room 
was  furnished  with  an  ample  fire-place  in 
accordance  with  the  Flemish  wants  of  the 
chilly  invalid.  The  chambers  which  looked 
upon  the  garden  were  bright  and  pleasant, 
but  those  on  the  north  side  were  gloomy 
and  even  dark,  the  light  being  admitted  to 
them  only  by  windows  opening  on  the 
corridor  or  on  the  external  and  deeply 
shadowed  porches.  Charles  inhabited  tho 
upper  rooms  and  slept  in  that  of  the  north- 
west corner,  from  which  a  door  or  window 
had  been  cut  in  a  slanting  direction  into 
the  church,  through  the  chancel  wall  and 
close  to  the  high  altar The  em- 
peror's cabinet  in  which  he  transacted 
business  was  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
corridor,  and  looked  upon  the  garden. 
From  its  window  his  eye  raneed  over  a 
cluster  of  rounded  knolls  clad  in  walnut 
and  chestnut,  in  which  the  mountain  dies 
gently  away  into  the  broad  bosom  of  the 
Vera.  Not  a  building  was  in  sight  but  a 
summer-house  peering  above  the  mulberry- 
tops  at  the  lower  end  of  the  garden,  and  a 
hermitage  of  Our  Lady  of  Solitude,  about 
a  mile  distant,  hung  upon  a  rocky  heights 
which  rose  like  an  isle  out  of  a  sea  of 
forest.  Immediately  below  the  windows 
the  garden  sloped  gently  to  the  Vera, 
shaded  here  and  there  with  the  massive 
foliage  of  the  fig,  or  the  feathery  boughs 
of  the  almond,  and  breathing  perfume 
from  tall  orange  trees,  cuttings  of  which 
some  of  the  friars  themselves  transplanted, 
and  in  after  days  vainly  strove  to  keep 
alive  at  the  bleak  Escurial.  The  garden 
was  easily  reached  from  the  western  porch 
or  gallery  by  an  inclined  path,  which  had 
been  constructed  to  save  the  gouty 
monarch  the  pain  and  fatigue  of  going  up 
and  going  down  stairs.  This  porch,  which 
was  much  more  spacious  than  the  eastern, 
was  his  favourite  seat  when  filled  with  the 
warmth  of  the  declining  day.  Command- 
ing the  same  view  as  the  cabinet,  it  looked 
also  upon  a  small  parterre  with  a  fountain 
in  the  centre,  and  a  short  cypress  alley 
leading  to  the  principal  gate  of  the  garden. 
Beyond  this  gate  and  wall  was  a  luxuriant 
forest,  a  wide  space  in  front  of  the  con- 


The  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  [Jan. 


32 


vent  being  covered  by  the  shade  of  a  mag- 
nificent walnut  tree,  even  then  known  as 
the  great  walnut  tree  of  Yuste,  a  Nestor 
of  the  woods,  which  has  seen  the  hermit's 
cell  rise  into  a  royal  convent  and  sink  into 
a  ruin,  and  has  survived  the  order  of  Jerome 
and  the  Austrian  dynasty  of  Spain. 

Such  was  the  abode.  Our  extracts 
shall  now  be  made  with  the  pur[)ose  to 
refute  popular  errors  on  the  subject  of 
Charles's  retirement,  and  to  illustrate 
the  cloistered  soldier's  life. 

It  has  been  frequently  asserted  that  the 
Emperor's  life  at  Yuste  was  a  long  re- 
pentance for  his  resignation  of  power,  and 
that  Philip  was  constantly  tormented  in 
England  or  in  Flanders  by  the  fear  that  his 
father  might  one  day  return  to  the  throne. 
This  idle  tale  can  be  accounted  for  only 
by  the  melancholy  fact,  that  historians 
have  found  it  easier  to  invent  than  to  in- 
vestigate. So  far  from  regretting  his  re- 
tirement, Charles  refused  to  entertain 
Several  proposals  that  he  should  quit  it.  . 
.  .  .  In  truth,  Philip's  filial  affection 
and  reverence  shines  like  a  grain  of  fine 
gold  in  the  base  metal  of  his  character ; 
his  father  was  the  one  wise  and  strong 
man  who  crossed  his  path  whom  he  never 
suspected,  undervalued,  or  used  ill.  The 
jealousy  of  which  he  was  popularly  ac- 
cused, however,  seems  at  first  sight  pro- 
bable, considering  the  many  blacker  crimes 
of  which  he  stands  convicted.  But  the 
repose  of  Charles  cannot  have  been  trou- 
bled with  regrets  for  his  resigned  power, 
seeing  that  in  truth  he  never  resigned  it  at 
all,  but  wielded  it  at  Yuste  as  firmly  as  he 
had  at  Augsburg  or  Toledo.  He  had 
given  up  but  little  beyond  the  trappings 
of  royalty,  and  his  was  not  a  mind  to  re- 
gret the  pageant,  the  guards,  and  the  gold 
sticks. 

Every  document  yet  preserved  shows, 
in  fact,  in  what  constant  communica- 
tion Charles  remained  with  Philip  upon 
affairs  of  state,  and  with  what  warmth 
he  entered  into  their  discussion.  In 
1557  the  foreign  affairs  of  Spain  had 
assumed  so  grave  an  aspect  that  th^ 
King  selected  Ruy  Gomez  de  Silva, 
afterwards  known  as  Prince  of  Eboli, 
to  lay  them  before  his  father.  The 
circumstances  deserved  the  attention 
of  the  man.  War  war  raging  on  the 
frontier  of  the  Netherlands,  and  threat- 
ened on  the  frontier  of  Navarre.  Italy 
presented  grave  causes  for  anxiety. 
Piracy  devastated  the  shores  of  the 
4 


kingdom  from  Cadiz  to  Fatras ;  there 
was  hardly  a  spot  which  had  not  suf- 
fered, and 'none  which  felt  itself  safe 
from  the  wild  marauders  from  the 
shores  of  Numidia.  It  is  needless  to 
state  the  finances  of  the  State  were 
exhausted.  With  the  wealth  of  Ame- 
rican mines,  and  a  greater  range  for 
selection  of  fresh  chancellors  of  the 
exchequer  than  has  ever  been  enjoyed 
by  the  "  most  favoured  nation,"  the 
history  of  finance  in  Spain  is  that  of 
waste,  ignorance,  and  beggary.  To  all 
these  evils  the  Emperor  devised  reme- 
dies. His  chief  difficulty  was  with  the 
clergy,  with  regard  to  their  advance 
of  tribute  money  unto  Caesar.  They 
held  that  faith  was  limited  but  to  one 
half  of  the  injunction,  and  sought  to 
render  all  unto  themselves,  as  due 
unto  God.  He  received  the  news  of 
the  battle  of  St.  Quentin  with  the 
greatest  interest,  and  ordered  the  mes- 
senger to  be  rewarded  with  a  gold  chain 
and  a  handsome  sum  of  money.  Not 
so,  however,  did  he  receive  the  news 
of  the  terms  agreed  to  by  Philip,  in 
his  dispute  with  the  Roman  see,  when 
Alba  had  crossed  the  Tronto,  marched 
into  the  Campa^na,  and  took  up  a  po- 
sition within  sight  of  Rome.  He  had 
ever  regarded  Paul's  policy  with  in- 
dignation, which  had  latterly  become 
mmglcd  with  foul  scorn.  Had  the 
matter,  says  Mr.  Stirling,  been  left  in 
the  hands  of  the  Emperor,  Paul  would 
have  been  dealt  with  in  the  stem 
fashion  which  brought  Clement  to  his 
senses.  Alba  would  have  been  directed 
to  advance.  Rome  would  have  been 
stormed,  the  pontiff  made  prisoner, 
and  the  primate  of  Spain,  and  the 
prior  of  x  uste,  would  nave  been  di- 
rected to  put  their  altars  into  mourn- 
ing and  say  masses  for  his  speedy  de- 
liverance. This  treaty  was  the  only 
affair  of  importance  transacted  during 
the  Emperor's  sojourn  at  Yuste  with- 
out his  opinion  being  first  asked  and 
his  approval  obtained.  When  the  ac- 
count of  the  negociations  and  a  copy 
of  the  treaty  reached  him,  at  each 
paragraph  the  Emperor's  anger  grew 
fiercer,  and  before  the  paper  nad  been 

fone  through,  he  would  hear  no  more, 
[e  was  laid  up  next  day  with  an 
attack  of  the  gout,  and  so  deep  was 
the  impression  of  the  affair  upon  his 
mind  that  for  weeks  after  he  was  fre- 


18da]        7^  ChUt€r  Lifi  aftht  Bmp^rar  Chattu  K 


as 


qaentlf  orertieard  mnUenng  broken 
wentences  of  dkpUasiire.* 

Xot  even  our  limited  spoc^^  penults 
U)  pus  unnotice^i  tlie  mformation 
iCained  bj  Mr.  Stirling  relatiTC  to 
tbemeof  bad  poetry  —Don  Carlos. 
Te  iiii|>eci  the  interest  felt  in    tbis 
wee  mriaes  from  our  conviction  of 
le  cruel  perftdiousness  of  lu«  fatlier, 
Ltber  than  from  nnjr  merits  of  his  own. 
education  was  a  great  subject  of 
3tietj  to  the  Emperor*    He  had  seen 
m  at  Valladolld,  and  the  impression 
le  upon  him  hy  the  b<iy  was  iio- 
ikTourable.   Hia  go vernor^D  (in  Garcia 
de  Toledo,  descnbefl  him  in  his  letters 
to  Charles  as  sickly,  sulky,  and   back- 
ward.    It  cannot  be  asserted  that  his- 
tory is  deficient  in  details^  at  least  tis 
to  this  part  of  his  career,  since  nothing 
ia  too  miDutc  to  escape  the  attention 
of  the   Emperor,   or   the  scrupuloui* 
fidelity  uf  his  correapondent.     Thus, 
one  subject  of  complaint  on  tlie  part 
of  the  governor  in,  that  bis  pupil  *^was 
lazy  at  his  books,  and  constipated  in 
his  bowels/*     A  month  later,  August 
27th,  1557,  he  wrote  that  his  pupil  was 
better   in   health,  but   so   choleric  in 
temper,  that   they  were   thinking  of 
puttmg  hira  under  a  course  of  phifsic 
fitr  thai  di^order^  but  that  they  would 
wait  until  the  Emperor*s  pleasure  were 
known.     The  general  result   is,  that 
Don  Carlos  was  deficient  in  intellec- 
tual and  physical  power;  unwilling  to 
learn,  incapublc  of  application,  averse 
to  all  manly  exercises ;  of  a  temf)er 
capricious,  violent,  and  moody ;  and  his 
manners  careless  and  un;:jainly.     But 
neither  politics  or  Don  Carlos  occu- 
pied exclusively  the  attention  of  Charles. 
When  in  tolerable  health  he  hobbled 
out  with  his  gun,  passed  much  of  his 
time  in  the  open  air,  and  gave  great 
attention  to  hjs  garden.     lie  laid  out 
the    ground     beneath    his    windows, 
planted   it   with   flowers   and   orange 
trees,  and  dug  a  couple  of  fish-ponds 
for  treat  and  tench.     He  made  draw- 


iji|^  for  ftdditioiis  to  his  roomst,  in* 
eluding  %3x  oratory  for  the  use  of  Philip, 
who  was  to  risit  bim  as  soon  as  public 
ailairs  permitted  bim  to  return  to 
Spain.  Nor  were  his  religious  duties 
neiglected. 

The  Emperor  htmtelf  utaally  beard 
mafc  from  the  witidofr  of  hist  bed-chamber, 
which  looked  into  the  church  ;  but  at  com* 
pltnes  he  Kent  up  into  the  choir  with  the 
fathers,  and  prnyed  in  a  devout  and  audible 
voice  in  bts  tribune.  During  the  soaioa 
of  Lent,  which  cune  round  twice  duriiif 
hi«  residence  at  Yuste,  he  regularly  ap> 
peared  oa  Fridiiy!!  in  his  place  in  the  choir, 
aad|  afc  the  end  of  the  appointed  prayerSf 
exdnguiahin^  the  taper  which  he  like  the 
rest  held  in  hia  hand,  he  floj^ged  himaolf 
with  Buch  sincerity  of  purpose  that  the 
ixrourge  wa§  itained  with  bloody  and  the 
pioua  sing^ularly  edified*  Some  of  theae 
scourges  were  found  afler  his  death  in  hia 
obnmber,  atained  with  blood,  and  became 
prectouR  heirlooms  in  the  house  of  AuatriRf 
and  honoured  relica  at  the  E^cuHul. 

It  does  not  appear,  however,  that^ 
The  brisk  example  never  fjtiU  to  move, 
was  true  in  this  particiiliir ;  ut  least, 
there  h  no  rccortl  of  iis  Imvingexcitmi 
the  niinda  of'  the  monks,  or  of  thrt  stout 
Flemings,  his  attendants^  to  similar 
acts  of  physical  piety. 

On  the  3rd  of  Alay,  1558,  Charlea 
was  acquainted  "  that  all  the  form»  q\' 
hia  renunciation  of  the  imperial  crown 
had  been  gone  througfj,  and  that  the 
act  uf^aiust  which  Philip  and  the  court 
had  so  frer^tiently  remonfltrated,  waa 
now  complete/'  He  cxprej«sed  tho 
greatQiit  delight,  nrdere<i  a  couplo  of 
seals  without  crown,  flt^eee,  or  other 
device^  to  be  luadoi  and  that  in  future 
he  was  to   be  athlreased  not  m  Km- 

[)eror  but  as  a  private  ptTHon,— (bin 
at1>cr  injunction  was  not  cuimplied  with. 
No  chapter  in  Mn  Stirling*!  liia- 
torjr  is*  more  deserving  of  attention 
than  that  on  the  Injjuitiition,  its  alHoM^ 
and  its  victims.  We  must  omit,  nnd 
with   great    reluctance,   notice   of  ita 


*  M.  Gachard  rather  qoallfies  Cbarlea'f  oocupAtlon  with  ifalri.     ^*  La  verity  eit 

pore  f|tte  la  prince«sc  Dona  Juana  faiiait  envoyer  r/'j^nli^rement  I  wm  pAro  durtnt 
.  retraite  Ik  Yuate,  un  balletin  cootenaat  le  r^amn^  dcf  noyvcllea  tea  piai  importantea 
qa'elle  recevait,  ioit  dea  Paja  Baa,  ob  Philippe  IL  ae  trouvait*  aoit  d*Eipa((nr,  d'ltnJie, 
oQ  d'siiletars,  que  Cbarlea  a^oeeit|}a  ef«  ^utlqu^»  <*hj€t»  qui  i'iniere»»oient  jjarticuiihrw' 
m^ni,  maia  qa'il  dt^meora  <^tniDger  aux  grandea  affaires  rju'avalt  en  ce  u  tur^tt  ■<'  rnl 
acm  fikt     Et  la  pre uvp  cotre  beaucotip  d'autrea^  c'e^t  qo*il  blama  trfi  tjvt  r,  it 

qa'il  lea  eooniit  lea  tr>)it6a  coodoa  par  le  Duo  d'AHie  avrc  Paid  IV /*     Un  r^. 

Qie  Eorale  de  Bnixelles,  tome  12,  182S,  p.  249. 

Gbit.  Mao,  Vol  XXXIX.  F 


jiSiMm^ 


34 


Tlie  Cloister  Lifo  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V,  [Jan. 


general  details,  to  direct  tlie  attention 
of  our  readers  to  the  spirit  in  which 
Charles  viewed  to  the  last  th(?  Re- 
foruvers,  und  upheld  the  Iiiquisition. 

K  ever  Charles  affected  toleration, 
it  was  the  perfidious  hypoerby  he  em- 
ployed to  mask  and  to  mature  tlie  po- 
liticiau\H  end.  On  the  throne,  or  sur- 
rounded by  his  court  at  Augsburg^  he 
might  dissemble  \  but  in  Spain,  in  com- 
munication with  Philip,  in  association 
with  VaUics,  and  at  Yuste,  surrounded 
by  monk**,  hia  mind  was  emancipated 
from  the  thraldom  of  his  earlier  life. 
Church  abuses,  from  the  beginning  of 
the  sixteenth  eentury,  had  been  de- 
nounced in  Spain ;  about  the  middle 
of  this  period  Spanish  translations* 
were  made  of  the  Scriptures.  Commen- 
tariest  glosses,  and  explanations  suc- 
ceeded. Persecution  rapidly  followed 
their  distribution.  Printers  were  im- 
prisoned ;  nevertheless  their  works  in- 
creased^  and,  the  sale  being  forbidden, 
they  were  smuggled  in  balcis  over  the 
mountains  by  muleteers,  or  run  in 
casks  by  English  and  Dutch  traders 
on  the  shores  of  Andnlusia.  Strange 
rumours   were   now    henrd   of   novel 

Questions  raised  hi  the  schools,  of 
oubts  on  doctrinal  p< pints,  hitherto 
ruled  by  the  Church,  There  was  that 
sensible  uneasiness  in  the  public  mind 
which  denotes  the  gathering  and  pre- 
cedes the  storm  of  public  opinion. 
The  Inity  were  roused,  matters  of  faith 
were  debated,  and  the  elergy  stfiod 
unmoved ;  but  when  the  Reformers 
began  to  pry  into  the  nature  of  Church 
institutions,  "the  blaik  garrison  at 
once  saw  the  full  extent  of  the  danger." 
Thoy  united  and  rushed  agaiDst  the 
foe,  *^with  all  the  power  of  the  stute 
and  all  the  terror  of  the  keys," 

So  engcoftsed  was  the  Emperor  with  the 
subject  that  he  poitponed  to  it  for  nwbile 
nil  the  oth«r  nffdra  of  it  ate.  H«  urged 
the  princes  to  remember  that  the  welfare 
of  the  kingdom,  and  of  the  chari-h  of  God, 
WM  bound  up  ill  the  suppression  of  heresy, 
und  that  therefore  it  demauded  greater 
diligence  and  zenl  than  any  temporal  mat- 
tcr.  He  had  been  informed  that  the  false 
teachers  had  been  spreuding  poi^oo  over 
the  land  for  nearly  a  year— a  length  of 
time  for  which  they  could  have  eluded  dis- 
covery only  through  the  aid  or  the  coo- 
oivance  of  a  great  masg  of  the  people.  If 
it  were  poaaible,  therefore,  he  would  have 
their  crime  treated  in  a  «hort  ond  i qcd- 
marymaoner,  like  sedition  or  robeHion, 


He  wrote  to  Philip : 

Son,-^The  black  hosiDeas  which  hat 
rtfien  here,  has  ahocked  me  as  m^uch  aa 
you  can  think  or  guppoEe.  You  will  see 
what  I  have  written  a  boat  it  to  your  sister. 
It  is  essential  that  you  write  to  her  yoar- 
selff  and  that  you  take  all  the  means  in 
your  power  to  cut  out  the  root  of  the  evil 
with  rigour  and  rude  handling.  .  .  .  - 
At  the  end  of  May,  Ihhlt  Quixada,  by  the 
En]peror*s  order,  saw  Valdes,  the  In(|uisi- 
tor  GeneraU  and  urged  on  him  the  eJtpe* 
diency  of  diupaich  in  Mm  deaiinfft  with  he- 
relics^  and  qfeven  diapensiny  in  their  catu 
with  ike  ordinary  famit  of  his  tnbunal. 

Such  zeal  alarmed  even  the  catho- 
licity of  his  household.  Charles's  phy- 
sician. Dr.  Mathlijio,  bad  a  small  Bible 
in  Freneh,  iind  without  notes,  which 
he  feared  might  introduce  him  to  the 
tribunal  of  the  Inquisition,  lie  op* 
plied  to  the  secretary  of  stnte  for  per- 
mission to  read  the  volume.  Vazquez 
replied  that  the  Inquisitors  demurred  i 
to  its  retention  and  hid  re<iuest.  The 
prudent  doL^t^r  burned  the  liook  in  the 
presence  of  the  Emperor's  confessor  I 
With  Regla,  thuH  aummoned  to  this 
act  of  faith,  Charles  frequently  ron- 
versed  on  the  suliject  which  so  much 
engrossed  his  thoughts.  Ileiidmitted, — 
**  that  it  ims  ever  his  reg^ret  tittit  he  had 
not  put  Lather  to  death  when  he  hail  him  , 
in  his  power,  lie  had  s[>ared  him  on 
account  of  hh  pledged  word  ;  but  h© 
now  saw  that  he  had  greatly  erred  in 
preferrin":  the  obligatuui  of  his  pro* 
miae  to  the  higher  duties  of  aven«jing 
that  heretic's  oflences  against  God. 
He  rejoiced  that  he  had  refused  to 
hear  the  points  at  issue  between  the 
Church  and  the  schismatics  argued  in 
his  presence.  For  this  cause  ne  had 
foregone  the  support  of  some  of  the  1 
Protestant  princes  ;  be  batl  refused  to  j 
buy  aid  at  this  j>rice  when  tlying  be* 
fore  the  army  of  Duke  Maunce.  He 
knew  the  danger  of  parleying  with 
heretics.  **  Suppose  one  of  their  spe- 
cious orgumenla  had  been  planted  in 
his  soul,  how  did  he  know  that  he 
could  have  ever  got  it  rooted  out." 
But  Charles  was  soon  to  be  summoned  j 
before  that  tribunal  to  which,  Amid 
torture,  hatred,  and  all  uneharituble^l 
nessi,  by  cruel  deaths,  he  was  hurryinM 
the  souls  of  others.  In  the  spring  uf 
1558  his  health  recovered  from  its 
winter's  decline.  He  still  ate  vora- 
ciously, and  enjoyed  his  draughts  of 


185a]        The  ChUUr  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charhe  K 

RheQish,  syrup  of  quinces,  and  beer* 
.  Be  could  still  sopenntend  his  garden, 
1 0ccap7  some  portion  of  the  dnj  with 
I  Tomano,  or  in  intercourse  and  afikirs 
Lof  state.  On  the  9th  uf  August^  bow* 
f«ver.  Dr.  IVlathisio  became  seriouslj 
\  alarmed  about  the  stuto  of  his  patient ; 
Vms  disorders  increased,  and  the  renie^ 
I  dies  did  not  answer. 

And  now  was  to  be  performed  that 

ceremony  which  has  so  often  excited 

the  attention  of  moralists  and  histo- 
rians.    The  reader  will  remember  Ro- 
bertson's account  of  the  performance 
I  by  Charles  of  his  own  funeral  obse- 
Iquies*     "  Masterly  as  a  sketclj,  it  has 

unhappily  been  copied  from  the  can* 

ras   of   the   unscrupulous   Leti.      In 

eyery  thing  but  in  style  it  is  indeed 

^ery  absurd."*  Some  doubt,  how- 
ever, still  pests  on  the  question.  Gon- 
\  jtalez  treats  the  story  as  an  idle  tide ; 
I  &i«;uen9a  does  not  confirm  it  to  the 
^ "  1  extent^  nor  b  his  DArr&ttve  of  what 
"took  place  improbable,  especially  since 

it  was  published  with   the  authority 

of  his  name,  while  men  were  still 
l^ive  who  could  contradict  his  mis- 
^•fctttement.     M.  Gachard  supports  the 

view  of  Gonzalez ;  but  rt  is  strange 

that,  while  denying  the  credibility  of 

the  story,  Gonzalez  should  have  fur-^ 

uished  a  piece  of  evidence  of  some 

weight  in  Its  favour.  In  an  inventory 
[  of  state  papers  of  Castile,  drawn  up  by 
*  bim  in  1818,  and  existing  at  Simancas, 

there  is  the  following  entry  : — **  No. 

119,  ajin.  1557.  Original  Letters  of 
iCharles  the  Ftilh  to  the  Infanta  Juana 

l«nd  Juan  Vazquez  de  Molina 

[They  treat  of  the  public  affairs  of  the 

'^me, — item^  of  the  maurnitig  stuffs  or* 
i/ur  the  purpoee  of  performit^hU 
rm  hofumrt  mtring  his  life.''*    This 
bows  intention,  but  does  not  prove  its 
I  fulfilment.   We  shall  content  ourselves 

by  placing  Mr.  Stirling's  narmtive  be- 
fore our  readers.^ 

About  this  time,  aooordiog  to  the  his- 
I  loriAQ  of  St.  JeromCf  his  tbooghts  seeined 
I  to  turn  more  tbaa  usual  upon  religion  and 
|its  ritea.     ,     .     The  daily  masaet  said  for 

bts    lOtil   were  always    accompanied  by 

otberi  tot  the  sooli  of  his  father,  nootber, 

and  wife.     But  oow  be  ordered  further 


«5 


solemoities  of  the  funereal  kind  to  be  per- 
formed in  behalf  of  the«e  relations*  ovib 
on  a  different  day,  and  attended  them  hiai^ 
self,  preceded  by  a  page  bearing  a  taper, 
aad  joining  in  the  chaunt  in  a  very  devout 
and  audible  maaaer  out  of  a  tattered 
prayer-book.  Tbe»e  rites  ended,  he  aaked 
his  confessor  whether  he  might  not  now 
perform  h^s  own  funeral,  and  so  do  for 
himself  what  would  soon  have  to  be  done 
for  him  by  others  ?  Regla  replied,  that  his 
Majesty,  please  God,  might  live  many 
years,  and  that,  when  his  time  came,  tbe«e 
services  would  be  gratefully  rendered, 
without  bis  taking  any  thought  about  the 
matter.  But,  persiat&d  Charles,  Would  it 
not  be  good  for  my  soul  ?  The  monk 
said  that  certainly  it  would ;  pious  works 
done  during  life  being  far  more  efficacious 
than  when  postponed  until  after  death. 
Preparations  therefore  were  at  once  set  on 
foot  ;;  a  catafalque,  which  had  served  be- 
fore on  similar  occasions,  was  erected,  and 
on  the  following  day,  the  30tb  August,  as 
the  mankish  hieitorian  narrates,  this  cele-^ 
brated  service  was  actually  performed.  1 
The  high  altar,  the  catafalque,  and  the 
whole  church  ihooe  with  a  blaze  of  wax- 
lights,  the  friars  were  all  in  their  places  at 
the  altars  and  in  the  chotr,  and  the  house- 
hold of  the  Emperor  attended  in  deep 
mourning.  The  pious  monarch  himself 
was  there,  attired  in  sable  weeds,  and 
bearing  a  taper  to  sec  himself  interrad, 
and  to  celebrate  his  owe  obsequies*  While 
the  solemn  mass  for  the  dead  was  sang, 
he  came  forward  and  gave  his  taper  into 
the  hjiuds  of  the  officiating  priest^  in  token 
of  his  desire  to  yield  his  soul  into  the 
hands  of  his  Maker.  .  .  The  funeral 
rites  endedi  the  Emperor  dined  iu  his 
western  alcove,  tie  ate  little,  but  re* 
mained  for  a  great  part  of  the  afternoon 
fitting  in  the  open  air  and  basking  in 
the  sun,  which,  as  it  descended  to  the 
horizon,  beat  strongly  upon  the  while 
walls.  Feeling  a  violent  pain  in  his  head, 
he  returned  to  his  chamber  and  Uy  down* 
.  .  .  Next  morning  he  was  somewhat 
better,  and  was  able  to  get  up  and  go  to 
mass,  but  still  felt  oppressed,  and  com- 
plained much  of  ibirst.  He  tol  j  his  coo- 
fessor,  however,  the  funeral  service  of  the 
dny  before  had  done  him  good.  The  sun- 
sbioe  again  tempted  him  into  his  open 
gallery. 

As  he  sat  he  oocupiud  hiiUiWilf  with 
the  portrait  of  his  Empress,  over  which 


*  See  the  entire  argument  in  Stirling's  Preface,  uoge  xv, 

t  Cloister  Life,  pp.  194, 195.   Bulletin  d«  1*  Academie  Royale  de  Braiellcs,  tome  tS^ 
1^2S,  p.  255. 
t  OOBSilez  denies  this  :  Mr.  SUrlinf  tays,  on  tnsiimcicot  grounds. 


The  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  [Jan. 


86 

he  hung  for  a  long  time  lost  in  thought, 
and  next  called  for  a  picture  of  our 
Lord  praying  in  the  Garden,  and  then 
for  a  sketch  of  the  Last  Judgment  by 
Titian. 

Thus  occupied,  he  remained  so  long  ab- 
stracted and  motionless,  that  Matbisio, 
who  was  on  the  watch,  thought  it  right  to 
awaken  him  from  his  reyerie.  On  being 
spoken  to,  he  turned  round  and  complained 
that  he  was  ill.  The  doctor  felt  his  pulse, 
and  pronounced  him  in  a  feyer.  Again 
the  afternoon  sun  was  shining  over  the 
great  walnut  tree  fnll  into  the  gallery. 
From  this  pleasant  spot,  filled  wiCh  the 
fragrance  of  the  garden,  and  the  murmur 
of  the  fountain,  bright  with  the  glimpses 
of  the  golden  Vera,  they  carried  him  to 
the  gloomy  chamber  of  his  sleepless  nights, 
and  laid  him  on  the  bed  from  which  he 
was  to  rise  no  more. 

Mr.  Stirling  gives  the  most  minute 
particulars  ofhis  illness.  Charles  died 
Sept.  20,  1558.  He  was  conscious  to 
the  last.  Villalva  addressed  him  amid 
the  struggles  of  death. 

At  last  the  Emperor  interposed,  saying, 
'*  The  time  is  come  ;  bring  me  the  candlea 
and  the  crucifix.''  These  were  cherished 
relics  which  he  had  long  kept  in  reserve 
for  this  supreme  hour.  The  one  was  a 
taper  from  our  Lady's  shrine  at  Mont- 
serrat ;  the  other,  a  crucifix  of  beautiful 
workmanship  which  had  been  taken  from 
the  dead  hand  of  his  wife  at  Toledo,  and 
which  afterwards  comforted  the  last  mo- 
ments of  bis  son  at  the  Escurial.  He  re- 
ceived them  eagerly  from  the  Archbishop, 
and,  taking  one  in  each  hand,  for  some 
moments  he    silently  contemplated    the 

Note, — There  are  two  errors  in  an  article  contributed  by  M.  Gachard  to  the  Bul- 
letins de  1' Academic  Royale  de  Bruxelles,  upon  the  oft  disputed  question  as  to  the 
existence  of  the  Commentaries  of  Charles  the  Fifth,  which  it  may  be  as  well  to  rectify. 
Commenting  upon  an  article  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  1842,  **  The  Founders  of 
Jesuitism,"  in  which  it  is  stated  **  that  [Borgia]  still  touched  his  lute  with  unriyalled 
skill  in  the  halls  of  the  Escurial,"  he  adds,  *'  or  le  monast^re  de  TEscurial  n'existait 
pas  k  cette  epoque,  et  la  premiere  pierre  n'en  fnt  pos^e  que  plus  de  trente  ans  apres 
en  1563  !"  and  attributes  the  article  to  Mr.  Macaulay.  Now  the  article  in  question, 
"  The  Founders  of  Jesuitism,"  was  not  written  by  Mr.  Macaulay,  but  by  Sir  James 
Stephen,  and  it  is  evident  the  Escurial  and  the  lute  are  here  introduced  simply  as  il- 
lustrative of  Borgia's  life  at  its  courtly  period  ;  the  mention  of  any  other  palace  would 
have  answered  the  same  end.  When  however  M.  Gachard  adds  that  the  reviewer  writes, 
"  que  Don  Francisco  fut  charg6  par  I'Empereur  d'examiner  dans  son  cercueil  Tlmp^. 
ratrice  Isabelle,  avant  qu*on  la  descendit  sout  lea  caveaux  de  VEseuriait**  he  himself 
commits  the  error  he  condemns.  No  such  passage  is  to  be  found  in  the  originaL  M. 
Gachard  has  been  misled  apparently  by  the  translator  of  the  paper  in  the  '*  R^vue 
Britannique"  de  Bruxelles,  1842,  to  whom  his  correction  applies.  Dr.  Aug.  Scheler 
has  adopted  the  error  and  translated  the  criticism  in  the  Serapeum,  No.  13,  15  July, 
1845. 


figure  of  the  Saviour,  and  then  clasped  it 
to  his  bosom.  Those  who  stood  nearest  to 
the  bed,  now  heard  him  say,  quickly,  as  if 
replying  to  a  call, "  Ya  yoy,  Senor,"  "  Now, 
Lord,  I  go."  As  his  strength  failed,  his 
fingers  relaxed  their  hold  of  the  crucifix, 
which  the  primate  took,  and  held  it  before 
him.  A  few  moments  of  death- wrestle 
between  soul  and  body  followed ;  after 
which,  with  his  eyes  fixed  on  the  cross, 
and  with  a  voice  loud  enough  to  be  heard 
'  outside  the  room,  he  cried  "  Ay,  Jesus,'* 
and  expired. 

So  closed  the  career  of  Charles ;  a 
great  man,  certainly,  whether  he  be  con- 
sidered in  relation  to  his  contempora- 
ries or  his  age.  His  mind  was  equal 
to  measures  of  great  import,  to  acts  of 
great  daring,  and  of  ^reat  military 
skill.  Its  incessant  activity  governed 
his  own  vast  realms,  forwarded  his 
ambition,  checked  and  mastered  that 
of  his  most  formidable  rivals.  Nor  is 
it  only  with  war  and  politics  that  his 
name  is  associated,  but,  to  his  greater 
honour,  with  the  peaceful  arts  of  his 
era,  "  the  chisel  of  Leoni,  the  pencil 
of  Titian,  and  the  lyre  of  Ariosto.** 

It  is  needless  to  recommend  Mr. 
Stirling*s  History.  It  is  valuable  both 
as  regards  matter  and  style.  A  master 
of  the  language  and  literature  of  Spain, 
well  acquainted  with  her  history,  in- 
defatisaole  in  research,  he  has  for  the 
first  time  narrated  with  impartiality, 
with  judgment,  and  with  truth,  the 
"  Stobt  of  the  Cloistered  Life  of 

THE  EmPEBOB  ChABLES  THE  FlFTH.** 


37 


WANDERINGS  OF  AN  ANTIQUARY. 

By  Thomas  Wright,  F.S.A, 

IX. — A  Visit  to  the  Li  ill  iNTaENcauBNTs  on  the  Bosckas  of  Wales, 


^  FEW  towns  present  more  attrac- 
ttioiis  to  II  summer  visitor  than  that  of 
ju«11ow,  on  the  burdera  of  SUropaliire 
and  Herefordshire-  The  town  itself 
Is  heautiftillj  situated  on  an  elevated 
knoll,  which  is  cut  olT  from  the  hilb 
etching  to  the  south  and  west  bj  a 
ep  gorge,  through  which  the  pic- 
aresque river  Teme  flows.  The  town 
Tilopefl  by  a  gradual  descent  to  the  bunks 
of  the  river,  but  on  the  opposite  side 
the  hill  of  WhitcUlTe  rises  m  perpen- 
dicular masses  of  rock,  from  toe  sum- 
uiit  of  which,  a  favourite  promenade, 
we  looic  down  upon  the  town,  and  ob- 
tain to  the  northward  an  L-xIcnsive 
view  over  the  rich  pasturea  of  Corve- 
dale.  Whatever  (iirection  we  take, 
the  walks  and  rides  around  Ludlow 
|are  extremely  beautiful,  and  the  scenery 
is  iniinitely  varied^  The  grand  features 
of  the  town  are,  the  noble  ruin  of  Its 
eaBtte,  long  the  queen  of  the  border 
fortregaes,  and  ita  fine  old  collegiate 
church.  These  alone^  since  the  ap- 
proach has  been  facilitated  by  railways, 
cannot  fail  to  attract  multitudes  of 
visitors.  In  a  recent  visit  my  attention 
was  more  especially  directed  to  the 
ountry  around,  which  abounds  in  in- 
rresting  monuments  of  former  days, 
nd  I  could  not  help  remarking  the 
iamerous  intrenchments  on  hill-tops 
Iwbichare  scattered  through  the  neigh- 
ilKfurhood,  paj'tieuliirly  over  the  hilly 
uuntry  towards  Wales. 
Among  the  most  reumrkable  ob- 
jects of  this  kind  near  to  Ludlow  are 
the  intrenchments  on  the  dilTerent 
summits  of  the  Clee  Hills,  to  the 
north* east.  We  leave  the  town  on 
the  ea^t.,  by  that  quarter  which,  from 
It?  being  the  site  of  the  prison,  is  called 
CSoalford.  The  road  presents  us  with 
the  same  constant  succession  of  pic* 
tureaijue  rural  views  which  we  here 
oeet  with  in  all  the  lower  grounds, 
turning  off  from  the  direct  road,  at 
About  two  miles  from  Ludlow^  we  may 
visit  the  viQtige  of  Middleton,  the  little 
old  church  of  which  contains  a  rare 
example  of  the  ancient  rood-lofi,  in 
carved  wood,  f)f  an  elegance  which  we 


should  hardly  expect  to  find  iu  thb 
secludL'd  spot*  In  the  turn  of  the  road, 
nlinost  opposite  the  church,  is  an  ancient 
tumulus  of  considerable  magnitude, 
with  a  tree  growing  upon  it;  but  these 
monuments  are  so  thickly  scattered 
over  this  country  that  we  cannot  stop 
to  notice  them  all.  About  a  mile  fur- 
ther we  begin  to  ascend  the  slope  of 
the  Cleu  Hill,  and  a  little  way  up  we 
reach  the  church  of  Bitterley,  remark- 
able for  the  beautifully  sculptured 
cross,  which  still  remains,  thougli  sadly 
mutilated,  in  the  churchyard.  From 
the  gardens  of  Bitterley  Court,  the 
seat  of  the  Walcots,  the  view  of  Tit- 
terstoae,  rising  in  lofty  grandeur  be- 
hiodi  is  truly  majestic.  From  hence 
is  the  most  diretit,  thtjugb  not  the 
easiest,  lusceut,  repaying  us  at  every 
8te|»  with  some  new  fuuture  in  the  W(m- 
derful  view,  until,  on  arriving  at  the 
stimmitj  we  find  ourselves  in  the  centre 
of  such  a  panorama  as  none  who  have 
not  seen  it  can  conceive.  It  is  said 
that  thirteen  or  fourteen  dilierent 
counties  are  seen  from  this  spot,  which 
is  at  an  elevation  of  about  eighteen 
hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  The  sides  of  the  mountain  are 
very  rugged,  on  account  of  the  innu- 
merable masrics  of  basaltic  rock  which 
project  through  the  sod.  The  almost 
circular  platform  at  the  top  of  the  hill, 
an  area  of  considerable  extent,  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  wide  band  of  loose  stones* 
which  present  a  very  remarkable  ap- 
pearance, but  recent  examinations  have 
E roved  that  they  are  the  remains  of  a 
road  wall  built  of  stones  without 
mortar,  the  lower  part  of  which,  very 
regularly  and  smoothly  faced,  is  found 
in  the  middle  of  the  band.  This  wall 
seems  to  be  of  very  remote  antiquity, 
but  it  is  not  easy  even  to  guess  the 
cause  of  its  overthrow  in  so  singukr  a 
manner.  I  understand  that  a  large 
amber  bead  and  some  other  early  relics 
have  been  found  within  the  inclosed 
area.  On  the  western  edge,  where  the 
hill  is  almost  perpentlicular,  are  some 
extraordinary  groups  of  immense  stones, 
wbi(*h  Iwik  like  iallen  cromlechs,  but 


38 


Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary, 


[Jan, 


which  may  be  pieces  of  tlie  rock  in  the 
position  given  them  by  natural  causea. 
They  seem  to  bftiig  over  the  vaat  pre- 
cipice as  though  a  little  matter  would 
roll  them  down,  and  hence  they  say 
this  mountain  received  hs  name  of 
Titterstone.  Some  antiquaries  have 
supposed  that  these  masses  of  rock 
once  formed  a  roeking- stone.  The 
peasantry  call  them  the  Giant's  Chair.* 
If,  instead  of  pursuing  the  route 
de&cribed  above,  we  had  turned  olT. 
before  leaving  the  town  along  a  rofid 
through  what  is  called  Lower  Goalford, 
we  shoahl  have  reached,  at  somewhat 
more  tb;in  two  miles  from  Ludlow,  the 
pictures(|ue  village  of  Citynhiim^  A 
hill  behind  the  village,  which  forms 
part  of  a  low  broken  ridge  extend- 
ing from  the  Glee  Hill  in  a  aoutb- 
westerly  direction  to  the  river  Teuie, 
somewhat  more  than  a  mile  lo  the 
south  of  LudloWf  ts  crowned  with  a 
deep  intreochment,  nearly  circular,  and 
inclosing  an  area  of  five  or  mx  acres* 
The  rntrenchments  are  now  covered 
with  a  btilt  of  trees  and  umlerwood, 
through  which  u  walk  has  been  cut, 
with  &cftts  here  and  there  at  s[K>ts  wbieh 
coinmand,  through  openings  in  the 
treei*,  rich  prospects,  extending  in  one 
direction  to  the  distant  Malvcrnsj  and 
in  iimitber  to  the  Black  Mountains  of 
Wiiles  This  is  known  as  Caynham 
camp,  and  as  a  small  brook  tlows  at  the 
foot  of  the  hill  to  the  north,  called  the 
Kay,  it  is  probable  that  the  name  sig- 
nifies the  home  or  dwelling  on  the 
river  Kay.  It  happens  by  accident 
that  we  have,  in  tne  curious  Anglo- 
Norman  history  of  the  Fitz-Wnrines, 
an  early  notice  of  this  spot,  which,  as 
we  learn  from  Domesday  Book,  had 
belonged  to  the  celebrated  Saxon  earl 
Morcar,  and  passed  after  the  conquest 
into  the  possession  of  the  Mortimers* 
We  learn  from  the  history  just  alluded 
to,  which  muj$t  have  been  composed  in 
the  thirteenth  century,  that»  early  in 
the  rergo  of  Henry  11.  when  Joce  de 
Dinan  laid  siege  to  Ludlow  castle,  he 
posted  his  troops  within  the  castle  of 
Caynham,  situated  on  a  hill  about  a 
league  from  Ludlow,  and  then  **  very 
<ild  and  the  gates  rotten/'  The  holders 
of  Ludlow  castle  called  the  Welsh 
to  their  anistancef  and  Joce  hinudf 


was  besieged  in  the  ruined  fortress 
which  he  had  chosten  aa  his  head 
(itiarters.  There  were,  therefore,  at 
this  time  (?.  e.  the  middle  of  the  twelfth 
century)  buildings  within  the  intrench- 
ments,  tor  an  Anglo-Norman  writer 
would  not  apply  the  name  of  castle  ta 
the  in  trench  meuta  themselves,  and 
these  buildings  mtist  then  have  been 
of  considerable  antiuuity* 

The  other  Clee  Hills,  known  as  the 
Brown  Clee  Hills,  lie  a  short  distanca 
to  the  north  of  the  Titters  tones,  and 
consist  of  two  very  lofty  cones,  the 
one  to  the  south  called  Clee  Bury,  and 
that  to  the  north  Abdon  Bury,  the 
summit  of  each  being  strongly  in- 
trenched. Within  the  northern  in- 
trenchment,  which  is  of  a  round  oblong 
form  and  much  larger  than  the  other, 
are  some  sepulchral  mounds,  Beloir 
thcise  two  hdls,  ou  a  knoll  advancing 
into  the  p>lain,  is  another  oblong  in- 
trenchment  called  Nordy  Bank.  There 
are  other  so-called  camps  both  to  the 
north  and  to  the  south  of  Ludlow,  but 
we  will  confine  ourselves  at  present  to 
two  routes,  both  remarkable  for  the 
extreme  beauty  of  their  scenery,  and 
each  accompanied  by  a  very  interest- 
ing series  ot  hilUintrenchumnta* 

The  first  of  these  excursions  lies  in 
the  direction  of  the  pleasant  village  of  | 
Leintwardine,  a  favourite  resort  for 
fishing.  We  leave  Ludlow  by  Corve 
Street,  and  turn  off'  by  the  corner  of 
the  Old  Field,  or  race-course,  to  Brom* 
field.  On  this  race-course  are  several 
tumuli.  From  Brorofield,  a  winding 
road,  presenting  a  continual  succession 
of  varying  views,  conducts  us  to  Leint- 
wardine»  a  large  village,  about  eight 
miles  from  Ludlow,  eituated  at  the 
conlluence  of  the  rivers  Clun  and 
Temc,  Within  a  short  distance  of 
Leintwardine  are  two  remarkable  in- 
trench ni  en  ts,  Brandon  camp  and  C'OX- 
well  knoll,  the  one  to  the  south  and  the 
other  to  the  west.  Brandon  camp  may  I 
be  visited  by  another  and  iu  some  re*  I 
spei'tij  a  preferable  route.  At  about  1 
two  miles  from  Brom  field,  we  may  I 
turn  off  from  the  road  to  Leintwardine^ 
and  pass  through  the  beautiful  scenery 
of  Downtou  cusile.  Thi^re  is  a  camp^ 
or  intrenchment,  ou  a  hill  at  the  end 
of  the  rocky  gorge  through  whioh  tiie 


*  Our  authority  of  thii  nnm«  b  tli«  mnp  of  the  Orduttioe  survey. 


1853-]      The  Hill  InirenchnmiU  on  the  Borders  of  WaU§. 


Terae  here  pa^se*,  at  Down  ton  on  the 
Rock.  From  this  point  we  descend 
ftgain  to  lower  groumi,  until  we  come 
to  the  side  of  Wigunore  abbev,  the 
ancient  gmnge  of  which,  close  by  the 
road-side,  is  well  worth  n  passing  vii«It. 
As  we  proceed  along  rising  ground 
from  Wigmore  grange  to  the  village  of 
Adfertoii,  wcobtuin  an  extremely  beau- 
tiful view  ti)wards  the  !»uuth  over  the 
village  and  castle  of  Wigmore.  Bran- 
don catnn  is  about  three  quarters  of  a 
mile  to  tne  north  of  Adferton. 

Brandon  camp  has  a  particular  in- 
terest as  the  supposed  site  of  the  Bra- 
rinium  of  the  Homons,  the  intermediate 
town  or  station  on  the  WatJtng  Street 
between  Magna  (Kenchesier)  and  Uri* 


conium  (  Wnta:eter).     It  is  sitiiatc^l  on 

a  hill  of  no  great  elevation*  rising  from 
the  middle  of  the  plain,  almost  pre- 
cipitous on  the  west  aide,  but  descend- 
ing very  gradually  to  the  east.  It  la 
not  intrenched  in  the  same  manner  aa 
the  hill-tops  of  which  we  have  been 
speaking,  but  a  square  area  of  perhaps 
SIX  or  eight  acres,  ruu  tided  at  the 
corners,  is  mcloseil  by  a  lofty  vallum, 
and  the  natural  form  of  the  hilt  has 
been  taken  advantage  of,  so  that  on 
the  western  wide  the  steep  character  of 
the  hill  serves  the  purpose  of  defence, 
anil  the  vallum  h  there  very  low.  The 
southern  vallum,  the  present  appear- 
ance of  which  is  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying sketch,  is  the  most  perfect.  It 


Brandoo  Camp— southern  vdllnri 


nses  to  the  height  of  perhaps  eighteen 
or  twenty  feet,  and,  as  far  as  I  could 
discover  by  slightly  digpin^  into  it  at 
dilTcrent  spots,  the  interior  is  oomposed 
of  the  stone  of  the  spot  thrown  loosely 
together.  The  eastern  vallum,  whien 
is  also  very  perfect^  seems  to  be  com- 
posed of  earth.  In  the  middle  of  this 
eastern  side  is  a  regularly  formed]  en- 
trance, the  only  passage  into  the  area. 
It  is  to  be  remarked  that  this  entrance 
gateway  hioks  direct  u|K)n  the  great 
Roman  road  which  runs  at  a  short 
distance  to  the  east  of  the  hill.  I  con- 
fess that  I  see  no  absolute  reason  why 
tliii  may  not  be  the  Roman  station  of 
Bravinium,  although  it  certainly  pre- 
sents some  difBculiies.  The  other 
Roman   sUtions  of  the  Itinerary  on 


this  line  were  regular  walled  towM, 
and  why  this  place  should  be  sur- 
rounded by  a  mere  eoibankrnent  is  not 
ea«v  to  explain.  Nevertheless,  this 
embankment  is  raised  from  the  ground 
without  any  trench,  and  bears  far 
more  una  logy  to  a  town- wall  than  any 
other  earth-work  I  have  seen.  Another 
remarkable  circumstance  connected 
with  it  18  the  absence,  as  far  as  I  could 
learn,  of  any  Roman  antiquities.  I 
could  hear  of  no  coins  found  either  at 
or  near  the  place,  and  1  carefully  ex- 
amined the  ground  within  the  area, 
which  was  planted  with  turnijis,  but  I 
could  find  not  the  slightest  1  ragmen! 
of  brick  or  pottery.  This  is  very  un- 
usual on  a  Roman  site  ;  but  it  has  been 
suggested  to  me  that  the  peculiarity 


m 


[Jan, 


.Mj£v*i>^,- 


CkixwuH  KiioU,  n»  ncen  fttim.  Uranclon  Curnp. 


*»f  tbevanum  may  perhaps  he  explained 
on  the  supposition  thsit  thin  waa  a  very 
early  Koinan  establish  men  t, — perhaps 
niieofthe  earliest  on  the  Welsh  oorder. 
Indeed  if,  aa  9uppojie<l|  it  be  the  Hame 
t0Wti  as  that  jiientioni.Hl  by  Ptolemy, 
who  wrote  about  the  yesir  1*20,  by  the 
name  of  BraonogCTiium  (Epayvoyhfwv)^ 
it  must  have  dated  from  the  first  eiita- 
blishmentoftheEomans  in  the«e  purts. 

The  p<:)a:tion  of  Brandon  canip  is  re- 
markably fine,  comraandiiig,  from  its 
slight  elevation,  an  extraordinary  view 
in  all  direct ionst  and  looking  down  im- 
meiliatcly  upon  the  river  Teme.  The 
acc^mpanytn^  e»ketcb  is  taken  from  the 
outside  of  the  Bouthern  vallum,  the 
western  extremity  of  whit'h  Ibrms  the 
foreground.  The  hill  to  the  left  forms 
pwi  of  Bnimplon  Brian  park,  be- 
tween whieh,  lind  the  hills  of  the  dis- 
tance, the  volley  of  the  Teme  rung  up 
into  Wale8,  Ihe  dark  wooded  hill  io 
front  is  Coxwall  Knoll,  on  which  the 
line  of  the  ancient  intrencbinents  may 
be  traced  from  thig  distance,  Coxwall 
Knoll  is  aljout  two  niiles  westward 
from  Brandon  camp,  ami  the  valley 
between  is  rather  thickly  scattered 
with  ancient  tumuli.  Tlie  intrench- 
ment  on  this  hill  irs  a  mere  rudely- 
formed  foss,  surrounding  the  upper 
part  of  the  bill  in  a  very  irregular  line, 
And  its  principal  celebrity  arises  from 
it«  having  been  taken,  on  very  slight 
grounds  indeed,  for  the  scene  of  the 
last  battle  of  Caractacus. 

CToxwall  Knoll  lien  a  little  to  the 
6 


the  north  of  the  river  Teme,  and  of  a 
bye-road  which  leads  to  the  village  of 
Bucknali,  which  h  situated  on  a  .'^mall 
stream  that  falls  into  the  Clun  about 
a  mile  al)ove  Leintwardine,  This 
stream  runs  down  from  the  hills  of 
Kadnorshire,  and  purnues  its  course 
along  a  narrow  valley  which  opens  out 
at  BucknalL  A  pleasant  country  lane 
runs  along  tlie  banks  of  this  stream  up 
into  the  hills,  with  picturesque  hill 
scenery  on  each  side.  As  we  advance, 
the  country  becomes  gradually  very 
wild,  and  at  a  distance  of  between 
three  and  four  miles  from  the  village 
of  Bucknali,  we  reach  a  lolty  bill — we 
may  almost  call  it  a  mountain — with  a 
gradual  slope  towards  the  west,  but  on 
the  other  sides,  and  especially  trjwiirda 
the  ea.Ht,  very  steep.  'I his  antl  the  hills 
around  are  barren  of  everything  bat 
heath  and  lii  I  berry -bushes,  which  in 
the  summer  and  autumn  give  tbcm  a' 
rich  purple  tint.  The  eastern  brow  of 
this  hill,  commanding  the  extensive 
prospect  down  the  valley  through 
which  we  have  approaches!  it,  h 
crowned  with  a  very  extensive  in- 
trenched area,  of  an  irreffuUr  oval 
forn>,  surrounded  by  two  deep  fosses 
and  higb  euibaDknients.  The  latter 
arc  built,  not  of  earth,  but  of  the  small 
flat  stones  of  the  locality,  thrown 
loosely  together.  These  intrenchments 
are  known  as  the  Gacr  Ditches*  and 
the  spot  itself  is  called  Coer  Cara- 
doc,  but  we  must  not  confound  it  with 
the  more  celebrated  Shropshire  Caer 


1853.]      The  Hill  Intrenchmsnti  on  the  Borders  of  Wales, 


^Caradoc,  near  Cburch  Stretton.  Ilhas 
Eitterly  been   assumed  that  this  is  tlie 
ni  aite  of  the*  last  buttle  of  CaraeLicus 
gainst    tbe   victorious    unns   of  tbe 

^  Jiomand,  and  in^enioua  attempts  have 
been  mode,  I  m'mk  quite  unaucce^s- 
fuUj,  U>  reconcile  the  appen ranee  of 
tbe  country  around  with  the  descrip- 
tion given  by  the  falatorian  Tacitus.  I 
will  not  throw  away  time  in  examin- 
ing what  appears  to  me  so  futile  a 
question*  The  description  of  Tacitus  U 
given  merely  from  hearsay;  it  is  so 
extremely  indefinite  that  we  might 
find  twenty  portions  that  would  answer 
to  it  in  any  hilly  country,  and  it  does 
not  appear  to  nie  to  apply  at  all,  at 
least  without  very  great  stretches  of 
the  imagination.  It  is,  at  the  best,  one 
of  those  fruitless  discussions  which 
antiquaries  would  do  better  to  avoid. 

Our  ejtcursion  baa  taken  us  to  a 
considerable  distance  from  Ludlow, 
and  though  no  country  could  be  more 
interesting  and  beautiful  than  that 
upon  which  we  have  entered,  we  will 
pursue  it  no  longer.  Having  left  Lud- 
low by  the  same  route  as  that  do- 
scribed  above,  let  us  proceed  to  Brom- 
field,  and  thence,  instead  of  takhag  the 
road  to  Downton  or  Leintwardine, 
we  will  proceed  to  the  village  of  Oni- 
bury,  which  is  about  five  miles  from 
Ludlow »  The  road  proceeds  thence 
tbrough  the  beautiful  valley  watered 
by  the  river  Oney,  at  the  further  end 
of  which  stand  the  intorestiun;  ruin^  of 
Stokesay  Castle,  a  castellated  mansion 
of  the  thirteenth  century.  We  are  now 
pursuing  a  northern  course,  and  are 
nearly-  upon  the  line  of  tbe  Roman 
W'utbng  Street ;  but  rather  less  than  a 
mile  beyond  Stoke  Castle,  at  u  cele- 
brated old  posting  inn  called  the 
Craven  Arras,  where  there  is  now  a 
railway  station,  we  turn  od"  towards 
the  west*  The  road  hence  to  Clun 
forms  one  of  the  most  beautiful  rides 
that  can  easily  be  imagined,  a  succes- 
sion of  lofty  and  oflen  thickly  wooded 
hills  rising  on  each  side,  and  bounding 
a  narrow  and  rich  valley,  through  the 
middle  of  which  tlows  the  picturesque 
river  Clun.  The  first  bold  eminence 
that  presents  itself  to  our  view  is  a 
wooded  bill  some  three  miles  to  the 
west  of  the  Craven  Arms,  which  rises 
into  two  knolls,  the  more  northerly  ele- 
vation being  called  Burrow  Hill,  and 
tJiat  to  the  south  Oker  Hill.  On  the 
KNT.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX, 


41 

top  of  Burrow  Hill  there  is  a  very  fine 
oval  intrenchment,  surrounded  by  a 
double  vallum,  and  1  believe  there  is 
another  intrenchment  cm  Oker  HilL 
The  country  northward  abounds  with 
small  In  trench  m  en  ts  and  barrows. 
After  passing  Burrow  Hill,  the  lofty 
swell  of  CluoDury  Hill  presents  a  bold 
object  on  tbe  left,  while  at  a  greater 
distance  to  the  right  we  have  a  mass 
of  picturesque  hills,  the  loftiest  of  which 
has  on  its  summit  tbe  finest  of  the  so- 
called  camps  that  are  found  in  this 
neighbourhood.  It  is  known  by  the 
name  of  Bury  Ditches,  and  is  in  form 
nearly  circular,  and  inclosed  by  three 
very  lofty  tmlla^  composed,  like  many 
of  the  other  i^imilar  works  in  this  part 
of  the  country,  of  loose  stones.  The 
extensive  area  in  the  interior  is  covered 
with  heath  intermixed  with  bilberries, 
which  are  here  very  luxuriant,  but  the 
bi trench nients  and  a  part  of  the  elope 
of  the  bill  arc  covered  with  large  fir- 
trees.  The  bill  itself  is  a  large  and 
lofty  knoll,  very  steep  on  all  sides  but 
the  nortb-east,  where  tbe  approach  is 
more  gradual.  The  entrance  to  the 
in  closure  is  on  the  western  aide,  and  it 
ii*,  I  believe*  tbe  only  original  entrance, 
for  that  on  the  opjiosite  side  seems  to 
me,  from  the  rather  hasty  exjimiiiation 
I  gave  itj  to  be  a  mere  road  broken 
tbrougb  the  intrenchments  at  a  later 
period.  The  prospect  from  these  in- 
trencbments,  looking  towards  the 
south,  is  magnidcont  in  the  extreme. 
There  are  several  tumuli  m  the  country 
behind. 

The  access  to  this  interesting  spot 
is  by  a  rural  lane  '.Thich  leaves  the 
high  road  at  tbe  viUage  of  Clunton, 
and  ^vhieh  ascends  the  greater  part  of 
tbe  way  a  distance  of  a  full  mile  and  a 
hull'  Ihe  pedestrian  who  would  prefer 
a  delightful  country  walk  may  pro- 
ceed over  the  hills  to  the  aoutli-weat 
to  Clun  ;  but,  Lf  on  horseback,  the  vi- 
sitor must  return  to  Clunton,  whence, 
if  so  inclined,  be  may  turn  off  to  visit 
Hopton  Castle,  a  small  fortress  cele- 
brated in  the  civil  wars  of  the  seven- 
teenth century.  Tbe  road  to  Clun 
continues  to  present  the  same  pictu- 
reatjue  character.  Immediately  below 
it  is  the  river,  winding  its  way  through 
pastures  and  copses,  and  overhung  on 
tbe  other  aide  by  a  near  range  of  .^teep 
hills ;  while  high  grounds,  though  more 
broken  and  rnthcT  more  diat;>nt,  also 


42 


limit  the  view  to  the  north.  Clun  itself 
occupies  a  spot  where  the  country  is 
rather  more  open  towards  the  north, 
but  toward  the  south  it  is  surrounded 
by  a  semicircle  of  high  irregular  hills. 
It  is  a  large  village,  remarkable  for  a 
church  which  possesses  some  archi- 
tectural interest,  and  for  the  remains 
of  a  fine  Norman  castle,  built  soon 
after  the  Conquest  by  the  Fitz Alans. 
The  castle,  the  remains  of  which  con- 
sist chiefly  of  the  ruined  keep,  in  itself 
a  fine  object,  is  situated  on  irregularly 
elevated  ground  on  the  west  of  the 
village,  and  commands  the  river,  of 
whicn  it  affords  us  several  picturesque 
views,  especially  that  which  looks  over 
the  ancient  bridge. 

The  country  round  Clun  offers  in- 
numerable attractions  to  the  antiqua- 
rian wanderer  in  the  shape  of  intrench- 
ments,  barrows,  old  houses,  and  other 
such  objects,  which  are  too  many  to 
allow  me  to  include  them  in  a  cursory 
notice ;  but  there  is  one  remain  which 
no  antiquary  who  comes  thus  far  ought 
to  return  without  visiting.  This  is 
the  celebrated  earthwork  called  Offa's 
Dyke — the  ancient  boundary  between 
Mercia  and  Wales — extending  over 
hill  and  valley  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Severn  to  that  of  the  Dee.  It  is  seen 
in  a  state  of  excellent  preservation  on 
the  hills  to  the  west  of  Clun.  Passing 
over  Clun  bridge  we  turn  to  the  right 
and  soon  enter  a  rather  wild  country 
lane.  At  a  distance  of  somewhat  more 
than  a  mile  from  Clun,  in  a  field  to  the 
riffht,  near  the  hamlet  of  Whitcott 
Keysett,  stands  one  of  those  extraor- 
dinary stones  which  are  usually  classed 
under  the  title  of  Druidical  monu- 
ments. It  is  a  flat  broad  stone,  of  very 
irregular  shape,  placed  upright  in  the 
ground,  in  which  it  is  evidently  in- 
serted to  a  considerable  depth.  Above 
ground  it  measures  eight  feet  three 
mches  in  height  by  seven  feet  broad. 
It  is  impossible  to  conjecture  the  object 
for  which  single  stones  like  this  were 
raised,  or  the  exact  age  to  which  they 
belong ;  in  fact,  they  are,  perhaps,  not 
all  of  the  same  antiquity,  but  a  general 
resemblance  in  character  has  caused 
them  to  be  classed  with  the  cromlechs. 
Rather  more  than  a  mile  beyond  this 
spot,  and  about  two  miles  and  a  half 
from  Clun.  we  reach  the  village  of 
Lower  Spend,  whore  Offa*H  Dyke,  or, 
as  it  is  here  called,  Off 's  Ditch,  crosses 


Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary, 


[Jan. 


the  deep  narrow  valley  through  which 
the  river  Clun  flows.  To  see  this  won- 
derful earthwork  to  advantage,  the 
visitor  should  follow  its  course  up  to 
the  top  of  Spoad  hill,  where  its  ap- 
pearance is  most  imposing.  It  consists 
of  a  regular  vallum,  about  twelve  feet 
high,  and  of  a  considerable  breadth, 
with  a  broad  foss  on  the  Welsh  side. 
We  may  hence  see  this  immense  earth- 
work pursuing  its  course  southward 
over  the  elevated  ground  on  which  we 
are  standing ;  and  northward  it  is  seen 
rising  up  the  hill  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  valley.  It  is  composed  of  loose 
stones  and  earth.  The  whole  extent 
of  Offals  Dyke  cannot  be  short  of  a 
hundred  miles.  Within  a  very  small 
circuit  round  the  point  at  which  we 
are  now  standing,  there  are  several 
interesting  hill-camps.  Two  of  these 
are  situated  on  steep  eminences  on  op- 
posite sides  of  the  valley,  a  little  be- 
yond Offa*s  Dyke,  and  are  remarkable 
for  the  beautiful  views  which  are  ob- 
tained from  the  two  summits.  There 
is  at  least  one  tumulus  in  the  valley 
below.  I  have  before  intimated  that 
very  interesting  mediaeval  remains  are 
scattered  over  this  part  of  the  border. 
In  the  village  of  Lower  Spoad  there  is 
a  very  ancient  and  primitive  looking 
farm  house,  which  has  a  remarkably 
fine  old  fireplace.  A  large  carved  oak 
beam,  covermg  the  opening  of  the  fire- 
place, and  representing  a  stag-hunt, 
appears  to  be  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
and  is  well  worth  a  visit.  The  house 
is  said  formerly  to  have  possessed  other 
carvings,  which  have  disappeared. 

As  we  wander  over  this  beautiful 
country,  and  find  ourselves  arrested 
continually  by  the  intrenchments  on 
the  hill-tops,  we  naturally  ask  what 
can  have  been  the  purpose  or  pur- 
poses for  which  they  were  made?  People 
have  been  in  the  habit  of  calling  them 
all  camps,  and,  imagining  .that  they 
must  have  been  connected  with  the 
movements  of  armies,  they  have  dis- 
covered wars  and  campaigns  where 
they  probably  never  existed.  Such  is 
the  case  with  all  the  theories  on  the 
marches  and  battles  of  Caractacus, 
which  have  been  ingeniously  put  to- 
gether by  persons  who  imagined  that 
they  had  only  to  say  this  is  a  Roman 
camp,  and  that  is  a  British  camp,  and 
that  the  matter  was  settled.  i3ut  it 
is  evident  that  we  ought  to  have  9ome 


1853.]      The  Hill  Intrenchments  on  the  Borders  of  Wales. 


43 


better  means  of  discrimination  than  this, 
and  it  is  indeed  very  necessary  that 
some  more  careful  examination  of  this 
class  of  monuments  should  be  made  to 
enable  us  to  form  a  more  accurate  notion 
of  their  different  dates  and  objects,  for 
it  is  not  probable  either  that  they  all 
belong  to  the  same  period,  or  that  they 
were  all  made  for  the  same  purpose. 
Let  us  begin  with  the  simple  and  self- 
evident  prmciple  that  a  certain  number 
of  men,  with  spades  or  other  imple- 
ments, could,  m  a  certain  space  of 
time,  make  an  intrencbment  of  any 
form  which  might  occur  to  them,  or 
that  might  be  required  by  circum- 
stances J  when  they  nad  left  their  work, 
and  carried  away  their  tools,  what  is 
there  left  to  show  who  were  the  work- 
men ?  A  mound  of  earth,  or  a  ditch, 
whatever  be  its  shape,  will  not  tell 
this.  We  must  therefore  look  for  some 
other  evidence,  and  that  must  be  sought 
in  excavations.  The  archaeology  of 
this)  early  period  must  indeed  depend 
chiefly  on  the  pick  and  the  spade.  It 
was  so  natural  to  form  an  inclosure  for 
any  purpose  by  surrounding  it  with  a 
bank,  that  we  are  not  justifaed  in  con- 
sidering every  inclosure  as  being  ne- 
cessarily a  camp.  Thus,  among  what 
are  considered  as  British  remams,  we 
find  a  barrow  or  sepulchral  mound 
frequently  surrounded  by  an  intrencb- 
ment, which  sometimes  inclosed  two 
or  three  barrows,  and  at  others  a  whole 
cemetery.  Carrows  are  sometimes 
found  within  the  intrenchments  on 
hill-tops ;  and,  as  we  know  that  such 
elevated  spots  were  favourite  places  of 

i>enden  )>8er  wunatS 
On  heah-stede 
h(isa  sdlest. 

The  buildings  within  these  residences 
were  probably  mostly  built  of  timber, 
and  even  if  of  masonry  they  soon  dis- 
appeared, and  the  intrencbment  alone 
remained,  with  nothing  in  outward  ap- 
pearance to  identify  it  as  Saxon  rather 
than  as  British  or  Koman.  I  feel  con- 
vinced that  many  of  the  supposed  Bri- 
tish or  Roman  camps  in  this  country 
are  nothing  more  than  the  intrench- 
ments of  the  mansions  of  Saxon  chiefs. 
In  our  attempt  to  ascertain  the  true 
date  of  such  intrenchments,  we  must 
not  altogether  overlook  their  dbtinctive 
names.    We  know  that  the  Anglo- 


burial,  we  arc  justified  in  supposing 
that  some  of  the  so-called  camps  are 
nothing  more  than  cemeteries.  Again, 
what  right  have  we  to  suppose  that 
the  Romans  did  not  make  mtrenched 
inclosures  for  other  purposes  than 
camps  ?  The  notion  tnat  Roman  in- 
trehchments  must  be  square  is  but  a 
vulgar  error,  and  we  can  have  no  reason 
to  judge  that  any  intrencbment  is 
Roman,  or  that  it  is  not  Roman,  but 
circumstances  extraneous  to  its  mere 
form.  Moreover,  there  is  another 
people  whom  we  must  not  overlook 
m  a  question  like  this,  and  whose  capa- 
bility of  erecting  earthworks  will  be 
understood  by  every  one  who  has  seen 
Offa*s  Dyke — the  Anglo-Saxons.  The 
residence  of  the  earner  Anglo-Saxon 
chiefs,  as  we  know  it  from  their  poetry 
and  romance,  as  well  as  from  history, 
consisted  of  a  hall,  surrounded  by 
chambers  and  other  buildings,  thfe 
whole  inclosed  by  an  earthen  wall,  or 
intrencbment  of  defence.  It  was  called 
a  beorgy  or  hurg,  from  the  Anglo-Saxon 
verb  beorgan,  to  defend.  Its  site  was 
usually  selected  on  an  elevated  spot, 
whence  the  chief  could  see  as  much  as 
possible  of  his  broad  lands.  In  the 
Ramsey  Chronicle  we  read  of  one  of 
the  Saxon  benefactors  of  the  abbey, 
who  was  standing  at  the  entrance  of 
his  residence,  and,  casting  his  eyes  over 
his  lands  around,  fixed  on  one  piece 
which  he  determined  to  give  to  the 
abbey.  Beowulf,  alluding  to  the  re- 
sidence of  Hosthgar,  says  that  chief 
will  endure  care  and  trouble — 


as  long  as  remaineth  there 
OD  the  lofty  place 
the  best  of  houses. 

Beowulf,  1.  666. 

Saxons  applied  the  name  caster  or 
Chester^  a  word  derived  from  the  Latin 
castrunij  to  Roman  fortifications ;  and 
I  believe  that  not  a  single  instance  is 
known  in  which  a  name  having  that 
word  in  its  composition  has  not  been 
discovered  to  belong  to  a  Roman  site. 
The  reason  is  a  plam  one :  the  Saxons 
knew  these  buildings  not  as  their  own 
erections,  but  as  the  works  of  their 
prcilecessors,  and  therefore  they  did  not 
give  them  tlie  name  which  they  gave 
to  their  own  fortified  residences,  wnich 
were  different  sorts  of  things,  but  a 
name  which  they  learned  Som.   the 


44 


The  Cambridge  University  Commission. 


[Jan. 


people  who  made  them.  This  is  a  mode 
of  proceeding  which  prevails  among 
all  people  and  at  all  times.  When  we 
bring  a  new  fashion  over  from  France, 
we  generally  give  it  a  French  name, 
not  the  name  which  we  ourselves  have 
been  used  to  apply  to  a  similar  thing, 
but  of  a  different  fashion.  The  Welsh 
used  the  word  caer^  corrupted  into 
gaer  (derived  similarly  from  the  Latin 
castrum)  in  the  same  way;  thus  we 
have  Caerleon  C castrum  LegionisJ, 
Caerwent  (castrum  VeTitceJj  &c.;  but  I 
am  not  aware  how  far  inquiries  have 
been  made  to  show  whether  the  Welsh 
caer  refers  as  uniformly  to  Roman  sites 
as  the  Saxon  castrum.  It  is  curious, 
however,  that  of  three  Caer  Caradocs 
we  know,  Roman  remains  are  stated 
to  have  been  found  about  one  of  them 
(Caer  Caradoc,  near  Bridgend,  in  Gla- 
morganshire), and  that  the  celebrated 
Caer  Caradoc,  near  Church  Stretton, 
overlooks  the  great  Roman  road,  the 
Watling  Street.  Are  we  not  therefore 
justified  in  presuming  that  the  Caer 
Caradoc  of  the  Gaer  Ditches,  which 
we  have  been  visiting,  may  possibly 
have  been  a  Roman  work.  Again, 
when  we  find  the  word  borough,  or 
bvrroxoy  or  bury,  in  the  names  of  such 
intrenchments,  it  seems  to  me  that  we 
have  a  primary  presumption  that  it 
may  have  been  a  Saxon  mansion. 
Places  cdXled  Kingsbury,  were  mansions 
belonging  to  the  king — we  have  an 
instance  in  Kingsbury  near  Verulam, 
the  intrenchments  of  which  arc  still 
visible.  In  Caynham,  wc  have  the 
more  ordinary  Saxon  term  of  a  man*s 


mansion,  ham,  or  home,  in  the  name ; 
but  I  think  from  what  has  been  before 
said  that  the  ham  from  which  it  took 
its  name  was  the  mansion  within  the 
intrenchments,  and  that  these  are 
Saxon.  I  confess  that  when  I  stood 
within  the  Bury  Ditches  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Clun,  and  beheld  the  vast 
prospect  of  hill  and  valley  and  wood 
and  field  below,  the  descriptions  I  had 
read  in  Anglo-Saxon  poetry  flashed 
upon  my  mind,  and  I  thought  I  stood 
within  the  weaUas  (or  intrenchments) 
of  some  powerful  Saxon  border  chief- 
tain who  here  held  the  wide  estates  he 
had  conquered  indefianceof  the  Welsh- 
men. Singularly  enough,  as  I  walked 
across  the  midcUe  of  the  vast  area,  I 
observed  to  a  friend  who  was  at  my 
side  that  I  suspected  if  a  trench  were 
dug  there  traces  of  buildings  might  be 
found;  and  within  a  week  after  I 
learned  accidentally  that  Lord  Powis's 
keeper,  digging  into  a  rabbit  burrow 
on  that  very  spot,  had  come  to  a  wall 
of  rude  masonry,  to  his  own  no  small 
surprise.  In  conclusion,  I  would  re- 
mark that  there  are  reasons  why  the 
Saxon  word  bury  or  burrow  may  have 
been  much  more  generally  applied  than 
caster  or  Chester,  The  Anglo-Saxons, 
in  giving  the  name,  knew  no  doubt  in 

feneral  to  what  they  were  giving  it ; 
ut  they  might,  at  a  later  period  of 
their  history,  meet  here  and  tnere  with 
old  intrenchments  for  which  they  had 
no  special  name,  and  supposing  them 
to  be  the  remains  of  an  old  beorg  or 
mansion,  they  would  name  them  ac- 
cordingly. 


THE  CAMBRIDGE  UNIVERSITY  COMMISSION. 


THE  long-expected  Report  of  this  Com- 
mission has  been  published,  and  forms  with 
its  appendix  a  bulky  volume.  The  reforms 
recommended  are  less  sweeping  than  those 
proposed  by  the  Oxford  Commission,  the 
Cambridge  sjrstem  having  been  for  some 
years  in  course  of  gradual  changes,  and  the 
Commissioners  remark  that  the  report  of 
the  Syndicate  appointed  in  1849,  which 
awaits  the  approval  of  the  Senate  and  con- 
firmation of  the  Crown,  is  a  gratifying 
proof  of  the  desire  of  the  University  for 
its  own  improvement.  The  Commisaioners 
have  not  to  complain  of  any  general  un- 
willingness to  furnish  information  either 
on  the  part  of  individuals  or  public  bodies, 


most  of  the  heads  of  colleges,  &c.  having 
replied  to  their  inquiries. 

The  first  observable  recommendation  is 
for  the  rearrangement  and  consolidation 
of  the  orders  of  the  Senate  which  form  the 
Bye-laws.  As  to  the  exclusive  jurisdiction 
of  the  University,  by  statute  of  Elizabeth, 
to  hear  and  decide  all  controversies  of  its 
members  and  officers  in  a  summary  man- 
ner, to  punish  transgressors  of  the  statutes 
or  of  good  order  and  discipline,  &c.;  and 
its  further  powers,  by  charter  of  Elizabeth, 
to  take  exclusive  cognizance  of  all  personal 
pleas,  debts,  accounts,  contracts,  wrongs, 
and  breaches  of  the  peace  in  the  university 
precincts,  where  one  of  the  parties  is  « 


idsa.] 


Tke  Cambridge  C^miternUf  Comumitsiom^ 


45 


r  of  tbe  «uT«rsit7 ; 
^btej  observe  that  tbe  ftSMrdoB  of  dm  pri- 
▼il^  is  attended  vith  oowadenble  diffi> 
calty  in  ooofleq[nenoe  of  tbe  formalities 
reqfoiied  when  a  pnrtj  bas  appbed  to  tbe 
municipal  magistiYte  or  superior  oooHs  ; 
and  tbej  submit  for  consideration  whether 
some  greater  fodlity  might  not  be  afforded 
to  the  Universitj.  As  to  cases  of  disd* 
pfine,  when  persons  in  simtu  pmfiUari  are 
diarged  with  offences  against  the  laws  and 
order  of  the  UniTersity,  they  obsenrc  that 
the  form  of  proceeding  in  the  Vice-Cban- 
eellor's  Coort  appears  to  be  well-adapted; 
and  in  cases  of  internal  discipline  publicity 
may  not  be  essential.  Bat  in  all  strictly 
judicial  cases,  where  the  accused  party  is 
not  a  member  of  the  UniTersity,  they  think 
that  the  Court  should  be  open  and  tbe  pro- 
ceedings public.  As  to  tbe  oaths  taken  in 
tbe  Great  Assembly  by  the  Mayor,  two 
Aldermen,  four  Burgesses,  and  two  in- 
habitants of  each  pariah,  to  keep  tbe  peace 
and  search  for  evil-doers,  they  think  these 
proceedings  are  practically  superseded  by 
the  borough  pohoe,  and  recommend  their 
discontinuance,  with  the  view  of  removing 
occasions  of  jealousy  between  tbe  town  and 
university.  They  also  recommend  the  re- 
linquishment of  the  privilege  of  granting 
wine  and  ale  licences,  and  of  licensing 
theatres,  except  in  Cambridge  itself.  The 
right  possessed  by  the  University  autho- 
rities of  "  discommuning"  an  offending 
tradesman  is  warmly  defended. 

With  respect  to  certain  academical  offi- 
cers,  the  Commissioners  recommend  that 
the  High  Steward  should  always  be  elected 
more  burgentium — that  is,  by  a  poll.  They 
approve  of  the  disciplinary  power  of  the 
Proctors,  but  advise  that,  in  cases  of  dis- 
pute between  the  Proctors  and  the  town 
Magistrates,  the  charges  should  be  cog- 
nisable only  in  the  superior  courts  of  law, 
and  not  before  the  local  authorities.  They 
advise  that  tbe  Tazors  be  wholly  abolished, 
and  the  number  of  Esquire  Bedells  reduced 
to  two,  and  recommend  that  these  gentle- 
men may  no  longer  be  obliged  to  carry 
their  maces  in  public,  except  before  tbe 
Chancellor  himself,  or  the  Vice-Chancellor, 
on  very  solemn  occasions. 

The  constitution  of  the  Caput  they  pro- 
nounce too  limited  in  number,  and  disap- 
prove of  the  right  of  absolute  veto  now 
vested  in  each  member.  They  commend 
most  highly  the  changes  proposed  by  the 
Statutes  Revision  Syndicate  under  this 
head. 

With  respect  to  discipline  among  those 
inetaiu pupillarij  the  Commissioners  seem 
to  think  that  there  is  little  need  of  amend- 
ment, and  they  much  commend  the  general 
moderation  of  expenditure  among  the  un- 
der-gradoates.    They  advise,  however,  for 


the  further  check  of  unhie  expenditnre, 
that  the  law  relating  to  minors  should  be 
extended  to  all  undeigrsdaate  students. 

The  CommissioDers  express  their  a)>. 
probation  of  the  predominance  of  mathe- 
matical and  classical  studies  at  Cam- 
bridge; bat  they  warmly  commend  the 
new  triposes  of  moral  and  natural  sciences, 
and  adrise  the  creation  of  a  board  of  clas- 
sical studies,  answering  to  the  board  of 
mathematical  studies  lately  appointed. 
They  recommend,  abo,  the  adiUtion  of 
examinations  in  civil  oigineering,  modem 
languages,  and  diplomatism. 

The  Commissioners  suggest  that  the 
previous  examination — commonly  called 
the  Little-6o — should  be  made  to  include 
most  of  the  subjects  now  indispensable 
for  the  ordinary  degree,  and  that,  after 
that  examination,  every  student,  for  his 
remaining  four  terms,  should  select  any 
line  of  recognised  academical  study,  which, 
with  the  sanction  of  his  college  tutor,  be 
may  feel  to  be  most  suited  to  bis  aptitudes 
and  tastes,  and  professional  destination. 
This  plan  they  also  think  would  afford 
great  fscilities  for  the  special  study  of 
theology,  for  which  they  are  of  opinion 
that  much  more  provision  ought  to  be 
made  by  tbe  university.  They  protest 
against  so  raising  the  standard  ror  tbe 
ordinary  degree  as  to  exclude  men  of  rank 
and  fortune  from  the  advantages  of  a  uni- 
versity course.  They  dissent,  however, 
from  the  recommendation  of  the  Statutes 
Rerision  Syndicate  as  to  the  abolition  of 
the  ten-year-men  privilege ;  and  they  even 
advise  a  sort  of  cheap  degree,  to  be  called 
**  Licentiate  in  Theology,'*  for  the  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  poor  clergy  which 
they  anticipate.' 

In  considering  the  whole  field  of  the 
academical  curriculum ^  the  report  urges 
the  expediency  of  constituting  boards  of 
studies  in  theology,  in  law,  and  in  medi- 
cine, as  well  as  in  classics  and  mathe- 
matics. In  the  case  of  mediciney  the 
term  of  compulsory  residence  is  proposed 
to  be  shortened,  in  order  to  put  Cam- 
bridge on  a  level  with  the  Scotch  and  the 
London  medical  schools.  In  all  degrees 
the  practice  of  enforcing  money  cautions, 
in  lieu  of  the  performance  of  certain  anti- 
quated acts  and  exercises,  is  recommended 
to  be  disused.  Tbe  Commissioners  urge 
tbe  abandonment  of  theological  tests  for 
any  but  theological  degrees,  and,  while 
they  decline  to  offer  any  opinion  on  tbe 
question  of  the  admission  of  Dissenters, 
they  shew  something  of  a  leaning  in  that 
direction. 

As  to  the  practical  wants  of  the  uni- 
versity, the  report  dwells  especially  on  the 
necessity  of  more  Theological  Professors. 
Tbe  Commisiioners  perceive  the  want  of  « 


46 


7%6  Cambridge  University  Commission. 


[Jan. 


better  manner  of  appointing  the  publio 
examiners,  and  protest  against  ex  officio 
examiners  generally.  They  propose  that 
for  the  future  the  Regius  Professors  should 
examine,  each  in  his  own  department,  and 
they  suggest  schemes  of  election  for 
boards  of  duly  qualified  persons  to  con- 
duct the  public  examinations. 

There  is  a  suggestion  for  the  endow- 
ment of  a  professorship  of  Medieeyal  Art 
in  general,  and  of  Arcliitecture  in  parti- 
cular. 

Having  advised  that  after  the  fifth  term 
every  undergraduate  should  elect  some 
speciality  for  his  further  study,  the  Com- 
missioners proceed  to  suggest  that,  from 
this  period  of  the  academical  course,  the 
instruction  of  all  students  should  be  un- 
dertaken exclusively  by  the  university, 
and  no  longer,  as  at  present,  by  the  par- 
ticular colleges.  But,  as  the  present  body 
would  be  insufficient  for  the  thorough  in- 
struction of  the  undergraduates  during 
their  concluding  terms  of  residence,  it  is 
proposed  to  appoint  a  large  number  of 
public  teachers,  to  be  called  **  Lecturers," 
who  are  to  work  under  the  professors. 
This,  in  point  of  fact,  is  the  principal 
change  advocated  by  the  Commissioners. 
They  hope,  by  the  appointment  of  Lec- 
turers, to  give  a  death-blow  to  the  present 
system  of  private  tuition.  The  lecturers 
are  to  be  allowed  to  marry,  and  are  to 
have  moderate  fixed  salaries,  with  the  addi- 
tion of  payments  from  such  students  as 
shall  resort  to  their  lectures.  They  advise 
the  endowment  of  one  new  Divinity  pro- 
fessorship with  500/.  of  the  present  in- 
come of  the  Lady  Margaret  Professor; 
and  they  propose  to  maintain  a  Hulsean 
Divinity  Professor  out  of  the  funds  of  the 
Hulse  foundation,  now  spent  in  the 
offices  of  Christian  Advocate  and  Hulsean 
Preacher.  They  propose,  in  addition, 
that  two  more  theological  professorships 
should  be  endowed  with  stalls  in  Ely  Ca- 
thedral. 

Upon  the  whole  they  recommend,  under 
one  general  council  of  studies,  seven 
boards  of  studies,  viz.  theology,  law,  medi- 
cine, mathematics,  classics,  natural  sci- 
ence, and  moral  science ;  with  subsidiary 
branches  of  engineering  and  modem  lan- 
guage studies.  Considering  the  Worts 
foundation  of  the  travelling  Bachelors  to 
be  quite  unsuited  to  modern  habits  and 
wants,  the  report  advises  that  these  funds 
should  be  made  available  for  giving  an 
opportunity  of  education  in  the  principles 
of  diplomacy  and  the  law  of  nations. 

The  new  professorships,  and  some  of  the 
existing  ones  which  have  but  slender  en- 
dowments, are,  it  is  suggested,  to  be  paid 
sums  varying  from  400/.  to  800/.  per  an- 
num ;  which  it  is  thought  the  Umveraity 


could  itself  afford  to  pay,  if  relieved  by  the 
Legislature  of  the  burden  of  the  present 
taxes  upon  degrees,  which  average  about 
3,000/.  a-year,  and  which  are  not  exacted 
from  the  Scotch  universities,  or  that  of 
London.  In  return  for  this  relief  the  re- 
port proposes  that  the  University  should 
relinquish  its  claim  for  sundry  small  pay- 
ments now  made  to  various  professorships 
by  the  Crown,  excepting  the  Professorships 
of  Modem  History  and  Botany,  which 
were  founded  by  letters  patent.  The  Pro- 
fessors are  to  be  bound  to  a  six  months* 
residence,  and  are  to  forfeit  their  salaries 
if  they  omit  to  lecture. 

The  want  of  more  and  more  convenient 
lecture-rooms,  with  laboratories  and  appa- 
ratus, is  much  urged  by  the  Commis- 
sioners, who  advise  the  erection  of  such 
necessary  buildings  on  the  site  of  the  old 
Botanic  Garden. 

With  respect  to  the  Public  Library, 
they  strongly  advise  the  addition  of  a 
reading-room,  to  which,  under  conditions, 
undergraduates  may  be  admitted.  They 
recommend  also  the  substitution  of  a 
money-payment  for  the  privilege  now  en- 
joyed by  the  University  of  a  copy  of  every 
book  published  under  the  Copyright  Act. 
They  wish  that  power  should  be  given  to 
the  Senate  to  tax  all  members  of  the 
University  for  necessary  academic  pur- 
poses. They  determine  not  to  recommend 
the  matriculation  of  any  students  not  be- 
longing to  a  college  or  hall ;  but  they  ad- 
vise, instead  of  the  present  system  of 
lodgings  in  the  town,  the  addition  of  such 
colleges  as  may  want  more  accommodation, 
of  affiliated  halls  or  pensionaries,  in  which 
to  lodge  their  students. 

With  regard  to  fellowships  the  Commis- 
sion does  not  advise  compulsory  residence, 
and  wishes  to  abolish  the  oath  of  obedience 
to  statutes.  It  is  suggested  that  all  re- 
strictions of  fellowships  should  be  for- 
mally  abandoned,  all  bye-fellowihips  re- 
vised, and  made  like  those  on  the  founda- 
tions, all  peculiar  methods  of  election 
abrogated,  and  no  conditions,  such  aa 
proceeding  to  the  degree  of  B.D.  retained ; 
but  celibacy  is  still  to  be  imposed. 

The  election  of  Heads  of  Houses  is  to 
remain  as  it  is,  for  the  most  part ;  but  the 
office  is  not  to  be  held  together  with  ec- 
clesiastical preferment. 

The  Commissioners  recommend  a  gene- 
ral revision  of  the  statutes  of  the  colleges, 
and  advise  the  throwing  open  of  King's 
College,  and  the  development  of  Trinity 
Hall  as  a  pkce  of  legal  education.  The 
statutes  of  the  two  last-mentioned  colleges 
the  Commissioners  desire  to  see  abrogated 
altogether. 

All  the  claims  of  schools  are  recom- 
mended to  be  commuted  for  eihibitionf. 


18dd.]                 Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  47 

so  as  to  provide  for  the  remoyal  of  all  re-  The  gross  income  of  the  seventeen  colleges 
strictions  on  Fellowships  and  Scholar-  is  estimated  at  not  less  than  185,000/.  per 
ships.  annum.  The  Commissioners  observe  that 
OolUge  Revenues. — The  Commissioners  **  great  progress  has  been  made  during  late 
received  statements  of  income  and  ex-  .  years  in  the  improvement  of  the  college 
peoditure  from  twelve  out  of  the  seventeen  estates,  and  especially  in  increasing  the 
colleges,  five,  namely  Clare  Hall,  Caius,  regular  incomes  of  the  colleges  by  running 
Corpus  Christ! ,  St.  Catharine's  Hall,  and  out  leases  on  fines,  and  letting  the  pro- 
Jesus,  having  declined  to  furnish  informa-  perties  on  terms  of  rack-rent."  They  think 
tion  ;  and  the  gross  incomes  at  the  present  it  of  importance  that  this  spirit  should  be 
time  of  the  said  twelve  colleges  are  as  encouraged,  and  recommend  an  enactment 
follows : —                              £     8.    d,  by  the  legislature  that,  when  a  beneficial 

St.  Peter's 7,317    3    0  lease  has  been  allowed  to  expire,  no  lease 

Pembroke* 12,013     8    0  of  college  property  shall  be  valid  *"  for 

Trinity  Hall ...;....     3,917     2  10  which  any  fine  or  premium  is  accepted.'' 

King's 26,857     7  11  Finally,  the  Commissioners  recommend 

Queen's 5,347    0     1  periodical  visitations ;  and  suggest,  as  the 

Christ's 9,178  15     5  best  practical  means  of  carrying  their  re- 

8t  John's 26,166  14  11  commendations    into    effect,    the    laying 

Magdalene 4,130    0    0  down,  by  an  Act  of  Legislature,  of  the 

Trinity 34,521  19  10  principles  upon  which  reform  should  be 

Emmanuel   6,516  16    3  conducted,  and  the  entrusting  a  Board 

Sidney  Sussex 5,392  16  10  with  temporary  powers  to  apply  them. 

Downing 7,239  17     0 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 


The  doctrine  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  of  the  Virgin,  and  its  relation  to  Art— St.  Hary  Axe— St. 
Ursula  and  the  Eleven  Thousand  Virgins— The  old  and  new  Ghorches  at  Harley,  Shropshire- 
Etymology  of  the  word  Many. 

The  Doctrine  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  of  the  Virgin,  and  its 

RELATION  to  ART. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  employment  of  the 
idea  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  of  the 
Virgin  Mary  as  a  subject  for  painting, 
alluded  to  in  the  Minor  Correspondence 
of  your  December  Magazine,  forms  an 
interesting  episode  both  in  the  history  of 
doctrines  and  in  the  histofy  of  art. 

That  some  individuals  of  the  human  fa- 
mily haye  remained  free  from  the  general 
corruption  of  man's  nature  was  an  idea 
entertained,  not  only  by  the  heretic  Pela- 
gius,  but  also  by  the  orthodox  Athanasius.f 
This  opinion  might  well  be  admitted  by 
theologians  before  the  speculations  of  po- 
lemical writers  and  the  judgment  of  the 
Church  had  attached  a  physical  and  here- 
ditary character  to  the  notion  of  Sin  ;  but 
long  before  the  period  of  the  Schoolmen 
the  doctrine  of  Original  Sin,  as  now  held 
by  orthodox  Christians,  had  become  firmly 
established.  A  new  difficulty  then  arose 
in  the  mind  of  those  acute  theologians. 
As  long  as  the  Mother  of  Jesus  was  sup- 


posed to  be  stained  with  original  sin,  it 
was  impossible  to  explain  the  mystery  of 
the  sinlessness  of  the  Sayiour  upon  phy- 
sical grounds.  It  was  not  sufficient  to 
assert  that  man  had  no  part  in  his  genera- 
tion, since  it  was  impossible  to  deny  the 
share  his  mother  had  had  in  that  event. 
Hence  the  doctrine  of  the  sinlessness  of 
the  Virgin  began  in  the  twelfth  century  to 
gain  great  authority,  and  the  Canons  of 
Lyons  in  the  year  1140  instituted  a  festival 
in  its  honour.  In  the  controversy  which 
ensued  the  schoolmen  were  divided.  Al- 
bert the  Great,  Bonaventura,  Thomas 
Aquinas,  and  Bernard  of  Clairval  disap- 
proved of  the  step  taken,  while  Duns 
Scotus  lent  his  subtle  intellect  to  the  sup- 
port of  the  new  doctrine.  The  Virgin,  it  was 
asserted,  was  not  only  free  from  actual  guilt, 
but  also  from  hereditary  corruption;  not 
only  cum  tanciiiate  naia,  sanctified  in  the 
womb,  as  Bernard  taught, ^  but  also  ab  omni 
originali  culpa  immaculata.^   The  dogma 


*  Including  1,878/.  U.  \0d.  the  Balance  for  Building  Fund, 
t  IloXXot  yap  ovv  ayioi  yfyouatri  KaBapoi  Trdarjg  dfiaprias. 
cited  by  Hagenbach,  History  of  Doctrines,  §  108. 
I  Bernard.  Epist.  fad  Can.  Lugd.)  174. 

§  Deem  of  Council  of  BmIc,  Ld,  1439. 


Athan.   Opp.  T.    i. 


48 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanua  Urban. 


[Jan. 


was  not,howeyer,iDtended  to  imply  a  miracle 
in  the  physical  circumstances  of  her  birth. 

The  festival  of  the  Immaculate  Con- 
ception was  not  confirmed  by  authority 
until  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
when  Pope  Sixtus  IV.,  in  sanctioning  its 
observance  y  declared  that  the  doctrine  was 
not  to  be  called  heretical,  without,  how- 
ever, prohibiting  those  who  differed  from 
retaining  their  own  views.*  In  this  state 
of  suspense  was  the  controversy  left  at  a 
time  when  more  pressing  questions  of  re- 
ligious politics  and  polemics  were  agitating 
the  Catholic  world. 

More  important  in  relation  to  art  was 
the  revival  of  this  controversy  in  Spain  in 
the  beginning  of  the  17th  century.  The 
Dominicans  had  inherited  from  their  order 
in  early  times  the  tradition  of  contending 
against  this  innovation,  while  the  Fran- 
ciscans, following  their  illustrious  Doctor 
Duns  Scotus,  were  its  constant  cham- 
pions. The  old  dispute  having  been  re- 
vived in  Seville  between  these  two  orders 
in  1613,  the  populace  took  an  enthusi- 
astic and  somewhat  violent  part  in  the 
controversy,  and  erecting  the  figure  of 
"  Mary  conceived  without  Sin,''  upon  a 
standard,  called  a  '*  Sin  pecado,'*  paraded 
the  city,  singing  hymns  in  honour  of  this 
glorious  mystery.f  The  custom  which 
then  originated  is  still  maintained,  and 
processions  in  honour  of  the  Conception 
are  still  frequent  in  that  town,  which  has 
devoted  itself  to  the  service  of  *'  Maria  sin 
pecado  concebida "  with  as  much  en- 
thusiasm as  the  Ephesians  to  that  of 
^ApTffUf  Koi  t6  diojrtT€s.  Anciently  the 
most  ordinary  watchword  on  entering  a 
bouse  in  Andalusia  was  **  Ave  Maria  pn- 
risima,"  to  which  the  inmate  replied  **  Sin 
pecado  concebida  :"  a  mode  of  salutation 
still  not  uncommon  among  the  lower 
orders,  whose  devotion  has  not  been  cor- 
rupted by  foreign  manners.  The  main- 
tenance of  this  doctrine  became  a  pun- 
donir  with  the  Most  Catholic  kings,  and 
the  importunity  of  the  Church  and  Crown 
of  Spain  drew  from  Pope  Paul  V.  in  1617 
a  Bull  forbidding  the  teaching  or  preach- 
ing of  the  contrary  opinion.^ 

T  believe  there  is  no  instance  of  this 
dogma  being  made  the  subject  of  painting 
in  early  Italian  or  other  art.  The  reason 
is  obvious:  the  early  Masters  naturally 
chose  their  subjects  from  facts  and  legends, 
and  not  from  mere  abstractions  of  theology. 
The  whole  of  the  real  or  legendary  history 
of  Mary,  from  her  Birth  to  her  Assumption 


and  Coronation,  supplied  subjects  for 
pictures  in  her  honour.  It  remained  for 
the  polemic  enthusiasm  of  the  Spaniards 
to  demand  of  their  artists  a  representation 
of  ideal  sinless ness  in  the  person  of  their 
adored  Lady.  Hence  the  matchless  em- 
bodiments of  this  mystery  by  Alonso  Cano, 
and  Murillo,  the  latter  of  whom  is  pre- 
eminently **  The  Painter  of  Conceptions." 

Pacheco,  the  great  Spanish  authority 
upon  art,  in  his  rare  work,  "  Arte  de  la 
Pintura,"  lays  down  the  rules  sanctioned 
by  the  authority  of  Holy  Church  for  the 
representation  of  this  subject.  §  The  Virgin 
was  to  be  painted  '*  in  the  flower  of  her 
age,  from  twelve  to  thirteen  years  old." 
Her  robe  was  to  be  white,  her  mantle 
blue,  this  being  the  dress  in  which  she 
appeared  to  Dona  Beatriz  de  Silva,  the 
foundress  of  the  Order  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception.  She  was  to  trample  the  dragon 
or  serpent  under  her  feet,  and  the  attri- 
butes of  the  crescent,  sun,  and  stars,  were 
borrowed  from  Revelations,  xii.  1. 

These  attributes  were  not  always  intro- 
duced into  the  same  picture ;  Pacheco 
excuses  most  readily  the  omission  of  the 
dragon,  of  which  he  says  no  one  ever  wiU 
lingly  made  use.  Murillo  adopted  the 
crescent  and  the  halo  or  sun  around  the 
entire  figure,  and  in  some  of  his  pictures 
the  crown  of  stars.  There  is  an  early 
Conception  of  his  in  the  Museo  at  Madrid, 
which  represents  Our  Lady  as  a  scarcely 
full-grown  girl,  but  she  is  figured  as  a 
woman  in  his  most  famous  pictures.  The 
essential  part  of  the  subject  of  the  '*  Con- 
ception "  is  the  ideal  purity  and  innocence 
of  the  Mother  of  God.  Conceived  without 
sin,  unconscious  of  an  unholy  thought, 
she  rises  in  the  strength  of  her  innocence 
above  the  world,  surrounded  by  objects 
which  belong  to  Heaven.  The  moon  is 
beneath  her  feet,  but  it  is  not  that  which 
sustains  her.  Angels  surround  her,  but 
she  needs  not  their  support.  The  hand- 
maid of  the  Lord,  she  is  transfigured  in 
beatific  ecstasy  by  the  Divine  power  of 
love  and  holiness.  Such  are  Murillo*s 
*'  Conceptions  ;'*  such  pre-eminently  is  the 
great  **  Conception  "  still  at  Seville,  which 
I  do  not  hesitate  to  prefer  to  that  which 
has  just  been  transferred  from  the  Gallery 
of  the  Spoiler  of  Andalusia  to  the  Nationid 
Museum  of  the  Louvre,  and  which  for- 
merly adorned  the  retablo  of  the  High 
Altar  in  Seville  Cathedral. 

It  is  a  curious  question  whether  paint- 
ings anterior  to  the  great  Sevillian  Masters 


*  For  references  to  authorities  see  Hagenbacli,  Hist,  of  Doctrines  (Dogmengesch- 
ichte),  §  178. 
t  Ford's  Spain,  p.  52. 

X  See  Stirling's  Art  and  Artists  in  Spain,  vol.  ii. 
§  Pacheco,  482,  quoted  by  Stirling,  Art  and  Artists  in  Spain,  ii.  906. 
6 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Siflvanus  Urban. 


49 


oaght  properly  to  be  termed  **  Concep- 
tions/* I  incline  to  think  that  if  Marillo 
had  not  painted,  we  should  never  have 
heard  of  this  name. 

There  is  a  beautiful  picture  in  Valencia 
by  Vicente  Juanes,  a*  contemporary  of 
Raphael,  which  has  long  been  known  by . 
the  name  of  "  La  Purisima/'  of  the  paint- 
ing of  which  the  following  history  is  told. 
On  the  eye  of  the  Festival  of  the  Atsump- 
iion,  the  Virgin  appeared  to  the  Jesuit 
^ray  Martin  Alberto,  and  commanded  that 
a  picture  should  be  painted  of  herself  in 
manner  as  he  then  beheld  her.  Juanes 
was  the  painter  chosen  for  this  honour. 
The  artist,  after  preparing  himself  by  con- 
fession, penance,  and  a  course  of  religious 
exercises,  produced  the  picture  which  long 
adorned  the  altar  of  the  Immaculate  Con- 
ception in  the  Jesuits'  Church  at  Valencia.* 
Mr.  Stirling,  from  whom  I  have  taken  this 
narrative,  adds,  that  since  the  Dissolution 
of  the  Jesuit  College,  **  its  subsequent  fate 
has  not  been  recorded.''  It  is  now  in  the 
Church  of  San  Juan  close  to  the  Mercado 
in  Valencia,  where  I  had  recently  the 
pleasure  of  seeing  it.  It  is  still  treated 
with  the  respect  due  to  its   miraculous 


origin,  and  six  candles  were  lighteJ  l)efore 
it,  before  the  curtain  was  removed,  and 
the  picture  disclosed  for  my  inspection, — a 
proceeding  which  shewed  a  devotion  to  art 
more  religious  than  lesthetic.  The  figure 
is  colossal,  full  of  beauty,  expression,  and 
reverence.  The  Virgin  stands  on  the 
crescent,  the  dove  descending  upon  her. 
The  Father  awaits  her  ascent  into  Heaven, 
while  her  Divine  Son  meets  lier  with  a 
crown.  A  concert  of  angels  fills  the  lower 
part  of  the  picture.  It  should  rather  be 
called  an  Assumption  or  Coronation  than 
a  Conception  :  the  subject  is  the  Glory 
rather  than  the  Sinlessness  of  the  Virgin. 
There  is  another  well-known  picture  in 
which  not  only  the  attribute  of  the  cres- 
cent but  also  the  crown  of  stars  is  borrowetl 
from  the  passage  in  the  Revelations.  I 
mean  the  great  Guido  of  Bridgwater  House. 
Here  also  angels  surround  the  Virgin  in 
attitude  of  worship ;  and,  in  spite  of  the  use 
of  the  attributes  usual  in  Spanish  "  Con- 
ceptions," the  subject  is,  I  think,  the 
Beatification  or  Assumption,  and  not  the 
Immaculate  Conception. 

Yours,  &c.  F.  M.  N. 


St.  Mary  Axk — St.  Ursula  and  the  Eleven  Thousand  Virgins. 


Mr.  Urban, — I  send  you  for  the  per- 
usal of  your  readers  a  document  illus- 
trative of  that  passage  in  Stowe  where,  in 
his  Survay,  under  Lime  Street  Ward,  he 
thus  speaks  of  the  non-existent  church  of 
St.  Mary  Axe:— "In  St.  Marie  Street 
had  ye  of  old  a  parish  church  of  St.  Marie 
the  Virgin,  St.  Ursula,  and  the  Eleven 
Thousand  Virgins,  which  church  was  com- 
monly called  St.  Marie  at  the  Axe,  of  the 
sign  of  an  axe  over  against  the  east  end 
thereof.  This  parish  [in  1561t]  was  united 
to  the  parish  church  of  Saint  Andrew 
Undershaft  [that  church  in  Leadenhall 
Street  which  faces  Lime  Street  end],  and 
to  was  St.  Marie  at  the  Axe  suppressed, 
and  letten  to  be  a  warehouse  for  a 
merchant." 

Old  Stowe,  like  Homer,  sometimes  nods; 
and  in  the  present  instance  his  **80  "  ap- 
pears somewhat  inconsequent  to  the  cri- 
tical reader,  for  he  does  not  inform  us 


how  St.  Mary  at  the  Axe  was  suppressed, 
but  leaves  us  to  conclude  that,  because  the 
parish  was  united  to  St.  Andrew  Under- 
shaft, the  church  was  suppressed  and  the 
building  used  for  secular  purposes  as  the 
inevitable  consequence  of  the  union, — 
whereas  the  converse  was  the  fact.  This 
church  had  been  in  early  times  appro- 
priated to  a  religious  house,^  which,  having 
received  the  personal  tithes  and  offerings 
of  the  citizen  parishioners,  neglected  to 
provide  for  the  cure  and  sustain  the  fabric. 
At  the  time  of  the  Dissolution  it  passed 
to  the  Crown,  when  no  provision  was  made 
for  the  performance  of  divine  service  in 
this  ruinous  edifice,  an  oversight  common 
in  a  vast  number  of  similar  instances, 
several  of  which  at  this  very  day  afford  a 
subject  of  scandal  to  the  objectors  against 
the  Reformation  ;  and  thus  the  ruinous 
building  became  abandoned  to  secular  pur- 
poses, and  the  parish  was  necessarily  united 


*  Stirling's  Art  and  Artists  in  Spain,  ii.  p.  758. 

t  The  words  of  Stowe  are  "  about  the  year  16(55,"  but  New  court  gives  the  Act  of 
Union,  3  March,  1561.  Also  see  in  the  Appendix  to  Newcourt*s  Repertorium,  an 
instrument  (6  Oct.  1634)  for  the  confirming  of  part  of  the  ground  where  the  Church  of 
St.  Mary  at  Axe,  now  demolished,  stood,  for  a  burial-place  for  and  to  the  use  of  the 
parishioners  of  St.  Andrew  Undershaft,  London,  and  for  erecting  a  Free  Grammar 
School  upon  the  said  ground. — Newcourt,  Rep.  i.  266,  769. 

t  The  Priory  and  Convent  of  St.  Helen,  adjoining — I  say  in  early  times,  for  before 
the  Stat.  15  Ric.  II.  c.  6,  which  provided  for  the  sustenance  of  the  poor  and  the  endow- 
ment of  the  Vicar,  it  was  lawfiil  to  appropriate  the  entire  income  of  a  benefice  to  a 
religious  house,  they  finding  one  of  their  own  body,  or  some  one  else,  to  serve  the  cure. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX.  H 


50 


Correspondence  of  SylvaniLS  Urban, 


[Jan. 


to  St  Andrew  Undershaft,  ia  order  that 
the  spiritual  wants  of  the  parishioners 
should  be  duly  attended  to. 

The  document  to  which  I  now  draw 
your  readers^  attention  demonstrates  the 
state  of  this  church  and  parish  a  few  years 
previous  to  the  Reformation,  and  also 
shows  that  the  true  origin  of  the  distinctive 
appellation  **  at  the  Axe  ''  was  not  known 
to  Stowe. 

The  possession  of  one  of  the  three  axes 
that  were  said  to  have  been  used  at  the 
legendary  martyrdom  of  the  Eleven  thou- 
sand Virgins  in  every  probability  added 
materially  to  the  revenues  of  the  religious 
house  to  which  this  neglected  church  had 
been  appropriated ;  but  the  legendary  fame 
of  the  Virgins  must  have  declined,  or  the 
taste  for  viewing  such  objects  of  super- 
stitious reverence  have  been  on  the  wane, 
before  the  parishioners  of  St.  Mary  Axe 
could  have  been  compelled  to  present  the 
following  petition  for  a  brief  or  licence  to 
make  a  collection  for  the  benefit  of  the 
dilapidated  church  possessing  such  a  relic, 
putting  the  conduct  of  the  religious  house 
out  of  the  question,  who  it  may  easily  be 
credited  did  not  trouble  themselves  much 
about  the  service  of  a  cure  when  it  pro- 
duced them  no  great  gain. 

The  following  is  a  literatim  transcript 
of  this  petition,  which  by  the  signature 
'*  Henry  R.''  appears  to  have  been  granted. 
The  reference  thereto  is  Bills  signed  5 
Hen,  8,  No,  79. 

Henry  R. 

To  the  King  o'  Souv''ain  Lord. 

Lamentably  Shewyth  unto  yo'  Highnes 
yo*"  poore  Orato's  and  Subgiets  of  youre 
Parisshe  Churche  of  Saint  Mary  Ax  wMn 
yo'  Citie  of  London  That  Where  as  it  bathe 
pleased  div'se  popes,  patryarkys,  Archie- 
bisshopys  and  bysfhopis,  holly  Faders, 
and  members  of  the  Apostoligete  of  Rome, 
ther  of  havyng  power,  in  the  honore  of  our 
blyssed  lady,  and  in  the  remembrance  also 
of  Saint  Ursula  somtyme  a  King's  Dought' 
of  this  Realme  of  Ingland  and  also  of  the 
xj.  m^  virgyns  unto  her  associate  that 
tendrely  sched  their  blode  for  oure  Cristen 
fayth  and  beleve  In  whose  name  and 
rev'ence  the  said  poore  Churche  ys  edefyed 
and  honored  by  kepyng  of  an  holly  relyke 
an  axe,  oon  of  the  iij.  that  the  xj.  m^ 


Virgyns  were  be  hedyd  w*  all,  the  whiche 
holly  relyke  as  yett  remaynyth  in  the  said 
Churche  The  said  holly  Faders  have  geven 
and  graunted  and  confermed  grete  In- 
dulgens  and  pardone  to  all  true  Cryston 
peopyll  vysetyng  the  said  poore  Churche 
.at  certain  Festes  by  the  yere  lymytyd,  the 
whiche  great  Indulgens  and  pardone 
graunted  to  the  same  Churche  by  thair 
bollys  [i.  e.  bulls]  and  seallis  remaynyng 
in  the  same  Churche  redy  to  be  showed 
more  at  large  This  greate  Indulgence  and 
pardon  thereto  graunted  not  w^standing 
moost  gracious  Souv''ain  Lord  (Soe  it  ys 
that  the  said  Churche  ys  in  soo  great 
decaye  that  yt  ys  lyke  ev'y  day  to  fall 
downe)  And  besides  that  the  parisshyns  ys 
soe  nede  and  poore  that  they  amot  abuUe 
to  performe  the  Edyfycacion  and  Mayn- 
ten*nce  of  the  same  nor  the  exebucion  nor 
fyndyng  of  the  parson  and  curate  As  yt  ys 
well  knowne  in  soo  muche  that  the  parson 
ys  departyd  frome  the  same  Churche  where 
it  pleasethe  hym  and  left  the  parisshyns 
w'oute  any  maner  of  devyne  s'vice  pre- 
chyng  or  techy ng  ony  daye  thurugh  the 
yere  Where  as  ther  ys  in  the  said  parisshe 
an  C.  howssellyng  peopylle  and  a  hove  to 
ther  greate  hurt  and  p*judice  oonles  (In 
reformacion  wherof)  that  yt  maye  please 
yo*"  highnes  of  yo'  moost  habundaunte 
grace  the  p'misses  p'velage  and  great  par- 
done  to  the  same  place  and  Churche 
graunted  tenderly  to  be  considered  the 
whiche  ys  to  the  hole  nombre  and  some 
by  the  holle  yere  of  CCC  and  iiij".  M'. 
yeres  and  C  dayes  of  pardone  That  yt 
myght  please  youre  Highnes  to  graunte 
yo'  gracious  L*res  Myssyves  to  be  directed 
to  youre  Chanceler  of  Inglond  to  make 
oute  certain  proteccyons  under  yo'  greate 
seale  to  all  and  singuler  schyrys  and  bys- 
shopryks  in  Ingland  to  gader  the  allmys 
and  benefelensens  of  all  good  true  Cryston 
peopyll  the  whiche  woll  of  thayr  carytie 
helpe  to  releve  the  same  poore  Parisshe 
Churche,  and  that  the  protections  may  be 
made  in  the  name  of  oon  John  Snethe  oon 
of  the  parisshyns  of  the  same  parisshe  and 
John  Scry  ven  another  of  the  same  parisshe 
And  thaye  shall  ev''more  praye  to  God  for 
the  blessed  preservac'on  of  yo'  moost 
noble  and  Royall  Estate  long  to  endure. 
Yours,  &c.        T.  E.  T. 


The  Old  and  New  Churches  at  Harley,  Shropshire. 


Shrewshury,  Dec,  1th,  1853. 
Mr.  Urban, — The  old  church  of  Har- 
ley, Shropshire,  so  long  associated  with 
the  name  of  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Jenks 
(whose  neglected  biograpliy  I  endeavoured 
to  recover  in  your  last  number*),  was  an 
object  strikingly  picturesque  to  the  travel- 


ler, as  he  jonmied  from  the  town  of  Wen- 
lock  to  Shrewsbury.  It  consisted  of  a 
tower,  nave,  north  aisle,  and  chancel. 
The  walls  were  of  red  stone,  partly  covered 
with  clusters  of  ivy,  and  further  over- 
shadowed by  a  venerable  yew* tree  of  large 
girth. 


See  December  1852,  p.  605. 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


51 


The  masonry  of  the  nave  had  evidently 
been  raised  four  feet  above  its  original 
height,  and  was  flanked  by  two  buttressesi 
to  which,  as  indication  of  weakness  be- 
came apparent  in  the  building,  an  addition 
of  stonework  was  placed,  until  each  pre- 
sented an  unique  illshapen  mass.  A  porch 
of  timber  framework  stood  before  the 
south  doorway — a  low  arch  of  the  earliest 
pointed  style.  Above  this,  in  the  roof, 
was  a  high-pitched  dormer-window  of  the 
time  of  Charles  II.  The  eastern  end  of 
the  chancel  was  pierced  by  three  well- 
proportioned  lancet-windows,  and,  on  the 
north  side,  were  two  round-headed  loop- 
holes, Ave  inches  in  width,  but  splayed 
internally  to  the  extent  of  three  feet.  The 
tower  appears  to  have  been  erected  upon 
an  old  foundation,  and  probably,  from  its 
debased  style,  early  in  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury. It  is  of  freestone,  and  finished  with 
a  plain  embattled  parapet  and  pyramidical 
roof.  Each  face  of  the  belfry-story  shows 
a  window  of  two  lights,  with  beads  nearly 
semicircular.  In  the  basement  is  a  late 
Perpendicular  window  of  three  lights ;  and 
within,  a  pointed  arch,  sfi ringing  from 
square  piers,  opens  into  the  nave. 

The  interior  of  the  building  had  alto- 
gether a  primitive  simplicity.  A  small 
pointed  arch  of  the  thirteenth  century  di- 
vided the  nave  from  the  chancel ;  and  four 
octangular  columns  of  timber,  roughly 
worked,  and  resting  on  square  stone  pe- 
destals, supported  the  roof  of  the  former 
on  the  north  side,  forming  an  opening  to 


a  narrow  aisle,  built  probably  in  the  reign 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and,  as  tradition  re- 
lates, by  the  family  of  Harnage  of  Bela- 
wardiine  (an  adjoining  township  in  the 
parish  of  Leighton),  for  their  convenience 
in  attending  divine  worship,  and  where, 
in  a  vault  beneath,  several  members  of 
the  same  family  have  been  interred.*  In 
the  east  wall  was  a  square-headed  window, 
divided  by  a  muUion  into  two  trefoiled 
lights.  The  pulpit  and  desk  were  of  the 
time  of  Charles  I.;  the  former  octangular 
and  panelled  in  upper  and  lower  compart- 
ments, with  a  lozenge  and  sunk  flower  in 
each.  The  roof  was  open,  and  from  the 
principals  were  suspended  carved  pendents 
of  fir-cones.  The  font,  large  and  cylin- 
drical without  ornament,  stood  on  a  round 
base,  and,  with  the  ancient  oaken  parish 
chest,  has  been  removed. 

Within  the  basement  of  the  tower  is 
preserved  a  finely-executed  monumental 
brass,  which  formerly  rested  on  the  floor 
of  the  church.  It  displays  a  male  figure 
in  armour,  bareheaded,  with  his  lady  at- 
tired in  a  horizontally-framed  head-dress, 
each  having  the  hands  joined  on  the  breast, 
as  in  prayer.  The  former  is  clothed  in  a 
suit  of  plate-armour,  of  elegant  design, 
the  head  reposing  on  a  tilting-helmet. 
Around  his  neck  is  the  livery-collar  of  SS. 
The  sword  is  suspended  on  the  left  side 
by  a  belt  crossing  the  loins  diagonally. 
On  his  right  side  is  the  anelace  or  dagger. 
Below  his  feet  is  the  following  inscription 
in  black  letter  : — 


Putrida  lapsa  caro  cosumiS  vt  fun^  agro 
Came  cu  flato  de^  erigat  ethere  claro 
Et  cui  p  dextra  ponaf  corde  repulsa 
Gia  anexa  sit  lacryma  semp  avulsa. 

Quisquis  eris  qui  trasieris  sta  plege  plora 
SQ  quod  eris  fueraq^  quod  es  p  me  pcor  ora 
Mors  vita  mactat  aiam  xpsq^e  revivat 
Terrain  ?ra  tegat  spiritus  alta  petat. 


Small  figures  of  eight  sons  and  five 
daughters  with  their  hands  clasped  stand 
beneath  the  effigies  of  their  parents,  and 
between  these  are  the  following  armorial 
bearings.  I.  Lacon,  Quarterly,  per  fess 
indented,  ermine  and  azure,  in  the  first 


quarter  a  bird ;  impaling.  Sable,  three 
bends  argent.  .  .  .  and,  Argent,  on  a  chief 
or  a  raven  proper  (Hoord). 

This  memorial  probably  denotes  Sir 
Richard  Lacon,  sheriff  of  Shropshire  I7th 
Edw.  IV.  (1477),  and  2nd  Henry  VII., 


"^  The  church  of  Leighton  being  situated  at  a  distance  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river  Severn,  access  thereto  was  at  some  periods  of  the  year,  in  consequence  of  floods, 
difficult  and  dangerous,  and  by  road  very  circuitous.  The  Shropshire  family  of  Har- 
nage derived  its  name  from  a  neighbouring  hamlet  in  the  parish  of  Cound,  and  became 
resident  at  Belswardine  33  Henry  VIII.  when  Thomas  Harnage  purchased  it  from  Sir 
John  Dudley,  afterwards  Viscount  Lisle,  Earl  of  Warwick,  and  Duke  of  Northumber- 
land. The  present  representative  of  the  family  is  Sir  George  Harnage^  of  Belswardine, 
Baronet. 


52 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[Jan. 


who  married  AlicCi  daughter  of  Thomas 
Hoord.  There  was  a  shield  of  stained 
glass  with  the  arms  of  Lacon  in  the  south 
window  in  1736.  The  name  previously  to 
1534  was  written  Laken,  or  Lakyn. 

The  fabric  above  noticed  being  deemed 
ruinous,  it  was  resolved  in  the  spring  of 
1845  to  rebuild  the  same,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  tower.  For  this  purpose  a 
subscription  was  commenced,  towards 
which  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Cleveland, 
patron  of  the  living,  Sir  George  Harnage, 
Bart.,  and  other  individuals  liberally  con- 
tributed; and  the  Rev.  John  Gibbons, 
rector  of  the  parish,  undertook  to  rebuild 
the  chancel.  The  new  edifice  is  from  a 
design  by  Mr.  S.  P.  Smith,  of  Shrews- 
bury, and  composed  of  stone  found  in  the 
vicinity.  It  comprises  a  nave  and  chancel ; 
the  former,  forty-three  feet  in  length,  has 
three  windows  on  the  north  and  two  on 
the  south  side,  of  double  lights,  in  the  Per- 
pendicular style ;  the  chancel  is  twenty- 
two  feet  long  and  terminated  by  triple 
lancet  windows,  the  head  of  the  centre  di- 
vision rising  higher  than  the  side  lights, 
and  resting  internally  on  slender  columns. 
This  contains  tastefully-painted  subjects 
in  stained  glass  of  the  "  Salutation"  and 
the  *•  Nativity,"  copied  from  designs  by 
Guido,  and  the  "  Flight  into  Egypt,"  from 
Rubens  ;  the  others  being  filled  with  rich 
mosaic  designs.  These,  with  five  more 
windows  of  foliated  patterns,  were  the 
gift  of  the  late  Rev.  Richard  Scott,  of 
Shrewsbury,  and  executed  by  Mr.  D. 
Evans  of  that  town.  A  good  pointed  arch 
separates  the  nave  from  the  chancel,  and 
the  pews  of  the  old  church  have  been  re- 
fitted and  placed  along  the  side  walls,  the 
middle  space  being  occupied  with  free 
sittings.  Divine  service  commenced  in  the 
new  church  July  5th,  1846. 

There  are  no  registers  at  Harley  earlier 


than  the  year  1745 ;  therefore  I  have  no 
means  of  noticing  the  rectors  of  the  parish 
before  those  that  follow,  viz. — 

1668.     Benjamin  Jenks. 

1724.     J.  Painter. 

1747.     James  Dewhurst. 

1781.     Edmund  Dana. 

1803.  John  Gibbons. 
The  situation  of  the  village  is  on  the 
slope  of  high  flat  land  (hence  probably  its 
name),  near  the  base  of  the  precipitous 
barrier  of  Wenlock  Edge.  Helgot  was 
possessed  of  Harlege  at  the  time  of  the 
compilation  of  Domesday.  Richard  de 
Harley,  30th  Edward  I.  had  a  grant  of 
free  warren  in  Harley,  Kenley,  Wylely, 
and  other  manors.  He  married  Burga, 
granddaughter  and  heiress  of  Warner 
de  Wilileg,  and  was  ancestor  of  the  Har- 
leys  Earls  of  Oxford.  Sir  Richard  Lacon, 
sheriff  of  Shropshire  in  1415,  having 
married  Elizabeth  daughter  and  heir  of 
Hammond  Peshall,  who  had  married  Alice 
the  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  Robert  de 
Harley,  of  Wyleley,  Knt.,  the  old  Shrop- 
shire estates  of  the  Harley s  were  sepa- 
rated from  the  name.  The  manor  now 
belongs  to  the  Duke  of  Cleveland. 

Tradition  states  that  there  was  formerly 
a  castle  at  Harley  ;  a  residence  in  the  vil- 
lage is  still  called  '*  Castle  Hill,'*  and 
which  is  connected  with  a  small  estate 
(tithe  free)  the  property  of  Samuel  Meire, 
esq.  who  derived  it  from  his  maternal 
ancestors. 

Silas  Domville,  alias  Taylor,  a  great 
lover  of  antiquities,  was  born  at  Harley. 
He  wrote  a  History  of  Gavelkind,  Lon- 
don, 1663,  and  several  pamphlets  in  the 
time  of  the  Rebellion.  He  also  published 
a  description  of  Harwich,  at  which  place 
he  was  keeper  of  the  stores,  and  where  he 
died  in  the  year  1678. 

Yours,  &c.     Henry  Pidgeon. 


The  Etymology  of  the  word  Many. 


Mr.  Urban, — By  way  of  supplement 
to  the  observations  contained  in  your  Cor- 
respondence of  the  last  number  upon  the 
etymology  of  the  word  menial^  allow  me 
to  contribute  a  few  remarks  upon  the 
origin  of  its  radical,  many  or  meiny. 

It  is  of  frequent  occurrence  in  English 
etymology  that,  owing  to  the  double  source 
of  the  language,  two  or  more  distinct 
origins  of  a  word  can  be  traced,  the  dif- 
ferent senses  of  which  have  become  in 
modem  use  so  blended,  that  the  original 
distinction  of  meaning  is  only  discovered 
by  those  who  recur  to  the  fountains  of  the 
language.  Instances  of  this  are  found  in 
the  word  mean^  in  the  expression  "  mean 
stature,"  &c.  (from  the  French  moj^en  and 
the  Saxon  fmene),  and  perhaps  bachelor , 


the  etymology  of  which  was  recently  dis- 
cussed in  your  correspondence. 

The  noun  substantive  many  or  meiny  is 
another  example  of  this  double  origin. 
The  word  many^  to  express  multitude,  is 
both  an  adjective  and  a  substantive.  As 
an  adjective  it  is  the  Saxon  mani^  or  meni^i 
the  German  mancher ;  as  a  substantive,  it 
is  the  German  menget  the  Saxon  mene^BO^ 
men^e,  and  meniu.  Though  it  is  usually 
now  used  in  the  former  relation,  the  latter 
still  lingers  in  the  form  of  the  expressions 
a  great  many  and  many  of  them.  It  is 
remarkable  that  in  Chaucer  and  the  other 
early  English  poets  the  adjective  many  is 
used  most  commonly  in  the  singular  num- 
ber, followed  by  the  article  a  or  an,  a 
form  of  expression  still  in  use,  especially 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


53 


in  poetical  or  imaginatiye  diction.  Home 
Tooke  (Diversions  of  Purlej,  pt.  ii.)  seems 
to  hold  that  many  is  in  every  iostaoce  a 
substantive.  He  interprets  the  expression 
many  A  menage  as  being  a  corruption  of 
the  phrase  a  many  of  messagei,  and  cites 
in  illustration  of  this  theory  Bp.  Gardiner's 
Declaration  against  loye,  fol.  24,  ••  I  have 
spoken  a  meany  of  wordes." 

I  think  this  can  hardly  be  considered  a 
satisfactory  account  of  this  phrase.  The 
German  mancher  is  similarly  employed  in 
the  singular — mancher  menschj  manche 
stadif  many  a  man,  many  a  town.  And 
many  of  the  forms  in  which  this  use  of  the 
word  occurs  in  early  authors  cannot  be 
explained  by  the  corruption  of  of  into  a. 
It  woald  not  be  easy  so  to  account  for — 

Many  an  other  noble  worthy  dede, 
and  still  less  for  the  expression  in  the  line, — 

And  herbes  coude  I  tell  eke  many  one. 

Chaucer y  Chanones  I'eniannes  Tale. 

Tooke  recognises  only  the  sense  of  mul- 
titude, and,  according  to  his  universal  rule 
of  etymology,  refers  many  in  every  case  to 
the  past  participle  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
meo^an,  miscere.  But  the  substantive 
many  or  meiny  (two  different  spellings  of 
the  same  sound),  has  also  in  old  English 
another  origin  and  another  meaning.  A 
medieval  French  word  for  family  or  house- 
hold is  mesnee  or  mehnte.  Ducange  gives 
the  following  account  of  this  word:  '* Mes- 
neya,  maisnada,  mainada,  familia,  quasi 
mansionata;  Italis  mainadaf  mesnee  apud 
scriptores  Galileos  mediae  oetatis.  Will. 
Guiart,  anno  1296: 

LI  grant  Seigneurs,  et  leur  mesnies." 

Another  form  of  this  word  is  found  in 
an  account  of  the  foundation  of  Wigmore 
Priory,  given  in  Dugdale's  Monasticon, 
vol.  ii.  p.  218  :  "  Syre  Roger  de  Morte- 
mer  fut  cheminant  ovesk  sa  megne,''  and 
further  on,  '*  et  dist  a  tote  sa  meygne.'' 
From  the  sense  of  household  to  that  of  a 
company  of  armed  retainers  would  be  in 
feudal  times  no  distant  transition.  I  find 
an  early  instance  of  the  use  of  this  word  in 
English  in  the  romance  of  •*  Syr  Gawayn 
and  the  Grene  Knigt,"  edited  by  Sir  F. 
Madden  for  the  Bannatyne  Club  in  1839 : 

Make  myry  in  my  ho',  my  meny  the  lovies, 
(t.  tf.  my  household  loves  thee). 

So  in  Chaucer's  Shipman's  Tale  : 

After  hir  degree 
Ue  yavo  the  lord  and  sitlien  hia  meinee. 
Whan  that  lie  came,  s<^)me  manor  honest  thing. 


So  in  the  Manciple's  Tale, — 

But  for  the  tyrant  Is  of  greter  might. 
By  force  of  meinie  for  to  sle  dovn  right, 
And  for  the  outlawc  hath  but  small  meinie. 

From  this  word  meny  is  derived  menial, 
an  excellent  example  of  the  original  use  of 
which  is  cited  by  Mr.  Richardson  in  his 
Dictionary,  from  Wiclif 's  translation  of  the 
Scriptures :  *'  Grete  ye  well  her  meyniai 
chirche,"  (rqu  Kar  oucov  avrcji/  (/cicXi;(r(W, 
Rom.  xvi.  5).  It  is  remarkable  that  even 
up  to  the  last  century  the  most  common 
(Uiough  incorrect)  present  use  of  this  word, 
with  the  sense  of  "base  "  or  '*  servile,"  was 
not  recognised.  Dr.  Johnson  says,  "  Swift 
does  not  seem  to  have  known  the  meaning 
of  this  word,''  and,  as  an  instance  of  this 
ignorance,  he  cites  the  following  :  "  the 
women  attendants  perform  only  the  most 
menial  [meaning  base  or  servile]  offices." 

To  return  to  the  substantive  meny. 
This  word,  as  it  is  used  by  Shakspere  and 
his  contemporaries,  may  be  referred  some- 
times to  the  sense  of  one  of  its  roots, 
sometimes  to  that  of  the  other,  and  in 
some  passages  it  is  difficult  to  say  to  which 
origin  it  ought  to  be  attributed.  Modem 
editors  of  Shakspere  have  tried  to  dis- 
tinguish the  sense  of  household  from  that  of 
multitude  by  the  different  spellings  meiny 
and  many ;  but  when  Henry  IV.  says, — 
I  had  a  purpose  now 
To  lead  our  many  to  the  Holy  Land,* 

it  seems  as  if  the  idea  of  the  meiny  or 
martial  following  of  a  feudal  king  was 
mixed  up  with  the  sense  of  multitude.  Co- 
riolanus's  "  mutable  rank-scented  meynie  " 
is  no  doubt  merely  the  multitude,  and 
therefore,  upon  the  principle  of  making  a 
distinction,  has  been  rightly  spelt  tnany  in 
the  recent  editions.  On  the  other  hand, 
in  the  line  in  Lear, — 

They  summoned  up  their  meiny,  straight  took 
horse, 

the  word  may  with  the  same  certainty  be 
referred  to  the  other  origin.  So  in  the 
passage  in  the  Faery  Queen  (b.  v.  canto 

And  forth  he  fared  with  all  his  niany  bad. 

Shakspere  and  his  contemporaries  were 
not  careful  to  distinguish  the  different 
etymological  senses  of  words  which  struck 
the  ear  with  the  same  sound.  Witness 
Tybalt's  fracas  with  Mercutio  : — 

Mcrcutio,  thou  consortest  with  Romeo. 

Consort  I  what,  dost  thou  make  us  minstrela  ? 

But  in  this  connection  of  the  word  con- 


*  In  this  passage  almost  all  the  editions  read,  '*  To  lead  out  many,"  &c.  War- 
burton  suggested  our  as  a  conjectural  emendation.  In  the  copy  of  the  first  folio  to 
which  I  have  had  access,  the  type  is  imperfect,  but  more  like  r  than  /.  There  can  be 
little  doubt  that  our  is  the  true  reading. 


54 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


[Jan. 


sort  with  musical  harmonj  Sbakspere  was 
not  singular.  Spenser  uses  the  word  in 
the  same  association  of  ideas, — 

For  all  that  pleasing  is  to  living  car, 
Was  there  consorted  in  one  harmony ; 


and  the  translators  of  the  Bible,  with  more 
manifest  inaccuracy,  "  A  consort  of  mu- 
sicke  in  a  banquet  of  wine  is  as  a  signet  of 
carbuncle  set  in  golde,"  (Ecclus.  xxxiii. 
5,)  where  the  modern  editions  have  substi- 
tuted the  word  concert,  F.  M.  N. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Proposed  National  Palace  of  the  Arts  and  Sciences— The  Royal  and  Astronomical  Societies— Admission 
of  Engravers  to  be  Royal  Academicians— Anniversary  of  the  Botanical  Society— Inauguration  of 
the  Essex  Archaeological  Society— University  of  Cambridge— Personal  Literary  Distinctions- 
Bequest  of  Miss  Hardwick  to  the  Schools  and  Hospitals  of  London— Shakspcrc's  House  at  Strat  ■ 
ford-upon-A von— Autograph  Letters  of  Bums— Continental  Forgeries  of  Autographs— Antiquarian 
Works  in  preparation. 


^  The  Commissioners  of  The  Exhibition 
q/*1851  have  published  their  Second  Re- 
port, announcing  the  manner  in  which  they 
propose  to  deal  with  the  large  surplus  re- 
maining in  their  hands.  In  their  former 
report  it  was  stated  that  this  surplus 
would  not  be  less  than  150,000/.  It  now 
appears  probable  that  its  net  amount  will 
reach  170,000/.  They  also  possess  a  col- 
lection of  articles  presented  as  the  nucleus 
of  a  Trades  Museum,  and  temporarily  de- 
posited in  Kensington  Palace,  the  value  of 
which  is  estimated  at  9,000/.  The  Com- 
missioners had  previously  announced  the 
general  principle  upon  which  the  funds  at 
their  disposal  were  to  be  applied,  in  some 
plan  which  would  increase  the  means  of 
industrial  education,  and  extend  the  in- 
fluences of  science  and  art  upon  productive 
industry  ;  and,  though  numberless  sugges- 
tions have  been  urged  upon  their  considera- 
tion, the  greater  part  of  them  have  been 
dismissed  by  the  rule  they  had  laid  down 
for  their  guidance,  that  they  should  not 
entertain  any  proposals  of  a  **  limited, 
partial,  or  local  character."  In  their  re- 
port the  Commissioners  first  pass  under 
review  the  existing  institutions  for  indus- 
trial instruction  at  home  and  abroad.  Our 
own  deficiencies  in  this  respect  are  known 
and  notorious  ;  while  the  systematic  exer- 
tions of  other  nations  may  be  illustrated 
by  reference  to  Germany  alone,  where 
13,000  men  annually  receive  the  high 
technical  and  scientific  training  of  the 
Trade  Schools  and  Polytechnic  Institu- 
tions, more  than  30,000  workmen  are 
being  systematically  taught  the  elements 
of  Science  and  Art,  and,  in  addition  to  the 
Trade  Schools,  there  are  important  insti- 
tutions equivalent  to  industrial  universities 
in  the  capitals  of  nearly  all  the  States. 

The  Commissioners  then  refer  to  what 
has  been  done  in  this  country  to  promote 
the  interests,  and  extend,  enlarge,  and 
diffuse  a  knowledge  of  Science  and  Art. 


So  little  aid  has  been  given  by  the  Govern- 
ment until  this  last  quarter  or  half  century, 
that  the  report  is  of  course  in  a  great 
degree  limited  to  what  the  people  have 
done  for  themselves  in  furtherance  of  these 
objects  ;  and,  incredible  as  it  may  at  first 
appear,  it  is  shown  by  the  balance  sheets 
of  the  different  Societies — which  exceed 
one  hundred  in  number  —  that  in  Lon- 
don alone  the  amount  is  not  less  than 
160,000/.  a-year,  a  considerable  portion 
of  which  is  absorbed  in  rent  and  taxes. 
Adding  to  this  list  the  great  Government 
establishments — such  as  the  British  Mu- 
seum, the  National  Gallery,  the  Museum 
of  Practical  Geology,  and  the  Department 
of  Practical  Art,  the  total  revenue  of  the 
metropolitan  institutions  and  societies  for 
the  promotion  of  science  and  art  is  placed 
at  250,000/.,  the  Parliamentary  sum  voted 
for  the  national  institutions  being  95,000/. 
a-year.  The  Commissioners  find  two  causes 
in  operation  to  prevent  the  country  reap- 
ing the  full  benefit  which  was  to  have  been 
expected  from  its  exertions  to  promote  the 
interests  of  science  and  the  arts  :  first,  the 
want  of  united  action  among  societies  and 
national  establishments ;  secondly,  the 
want  of  room.  The  first  want  is  not  ex- 
plained in  the  report,  nor  do  the  Com- 
missioners appear  to  have  taken  many 
steps  to  ascertain  whether  union  is  prac- 
ticable. Associated  bodies  are  proverbially 
chary  of  their  independence,  and  they  will, 
no  doubt,  weigh  the  subject  well  before 
they  consent  to  the  proposed  centraliza- 
tion. On  the  want  of  room,  the  present 
state  of  the  Royal  Society,  the  School  of 
Mines,  the  School  of  Design,  the  College 
of  Chymistry,  the  Nationed  Gallery,  the 
Society  of  Arts,  the  Royal  Academy,  and 
the  British  Museum  are  appealed  to;  and 
to  these  cases,  with  which  the  public  arc 
more  or  less  familiar,  are  added  the  de- 
mands for  space  on  behalf  of  a  collection 
of  mediKval  art,  formed  with  reference  tg 


18530 


Notes  of  the  Month* 


55 


the  New  Palace  at  Westininster,  imd  for 
I  ft  map  office,  where  maps  and  charts  might 
■  be  suitabiy  dis^ilajed. 

Having  thna  made  out  the  neceesity  for 
ncreued   acoommodationT   the   Commit' 
Inonert  reprtisent  thnt  the  two  things  to  be 
lacccnnplishedare,  the  adoption  of  a  system, 
*'  snd  the  secoring  of  a  locality  where  that 
system  may  be  developed.     The  system  or 
plan  which  they  announce  folio vra  the  ge- 
neral cUiaiiicBtion  of  objects  nt  the  Ex- 
hibilioD,  into  Raw  Matenala,  Machinery, 
Manufactares,   and    Fine  Arts*     Tnking 
Raw  Materitila  first,  they  are  divided  into 
the  mineral,  the  vegetable,  and  the  animal 
kingdom.     In  the   mineral  kingdom  the 
action  of  the  Muaeam  of  Practical  Geology 
and   iU    associated    School   of  Mines    id 
pointed  out ;  in  the  vegetable  kingdom  that 
of  the  Kew  Muienm ;  and  in  the  animal 
I  kingdom  that  of  the  College  of  Chymistry, 
[  which,   if  pnt   in   connexion   with   those 
ibrancbes  of  the   organic  kingdom  which 
[■re  do«ely  allied  with  the  nature  of  its  in- 
\  TCflttgations,  might  have  its  resources  more 
\  usefidly  applied  than  is  the  case  at  present. 
On  the  second  division  of  the  new  scheme, 
under  the  head  of  Machinery,  the  report 
refers  in  terms  of  great  admiration  to  the 
Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Metiers  in  Paris, 
'  and  alludes  to  a  desire  expressed  in  recent 
discussions  on  the  patent  laws  for  a  place 
where  models  of  new  tDventious  might  be 
deposited.  Tlie  third  division  of  the  seheme, 
under  the  head  of  Maufactures,  leads  the 
Commissioners  to  anticipate  much  benefit 
from  the  co-operation  of  the   Society  of 
Arts  in  the  formation,  arrangement,  and 
tttperinteodeoce  of  a  great  Trade  Museum, 
ioggested  and  ably  advocated  by  Professor 
SoUy,  now  the  secrebiry  of  that  society. 
In  the  department  of  the  Fine  Arts  the 
report  contemplates  bringing  together  the 
National  Gallery  and  the  School  of  De- 
sign»  and  the  formotion  of  a  Great  Mu- 
seum, for  which   the  materials   exist   at 
Marlborough  House,  at  the  Museum  in 
Jcrmyu -street,  at   the   British    Museum, 
and  in  the  large  number  of  costs,  6,771  in 
nnmher.  collected  in  connexion  with  the 
building  of  the  new  Palace  of  WeBtminster. 
Such  is  the  scheme  which  the  Commis- 
sioners bave  drawn  up  for  consideratioo. 
To  aflTord  facilities  for  its  practical  execu- 
f  lioci»  they  annonnce  that  tliey  have  pur- 
led  two  estates  adjoining  each  other  at 
'  Kenaington.     For  the  Gore  House  estate, 
%\\  aerei  in  extent,  aud  having  a  frontage 
of  (mm  500  to  GOO  feet  towards   Hyde 
Park,   they  have  paid  GO.OOO/. ;  and  for 
that  of  Baron  de  Villars,   18  acres  in  ex- 
tent, they  have  agreed  to  pay  153,500/, — 
tins  purchase  being  accuiiipinied  with  an 
engagement  on  the  part  of  the  Government 
Uiai,if  the  Commission  hud  out  150,000/. 


in  land,  they  would  recommend  to  Parlia- 
ment the  contrihution  of  a  like  amounts 
The  report  states  that  this  Im  the  last  op* 
portunity  of  fioding  an  unoccupied  apace 
in  a  desirable  sltuatioQ  within  the  limits 
of  the  metropolis,  and  it  urges  Parliaanent 
to  obtain  possession  of  the  whole  unoc* 
cupied  ground  adjoining,  whereby  a  total 
extent  of  150  acres  would  be  secured  for 
the  development  of  great  national  objects. 
It  is  proposed  by  the  Commissioners  that 
the  new  National  Gallery  should  occopy 
the  elevated  site  fronting  Hyde  Park;  that 
the  Museum  of  Mantifncturea  should  stand 
on  the  Hite  fronting  the  Brompton-road ; 
that  the  difftrent  learned  tiocieties  should 
enjoy  juxta-poaition  in  the  centre-,  and 
that  the  two  remidaiug  aides  should  he  de- 
voted to  the  departments  of  Practical  Art 
and  Practical  Science. 

Tlie  Commissioners  have  anticipated  the 
objections  that  would  probably  arise  to  a 
Bttuntion  so  far  west  of  the  centre  of  the 
metropolis,  and  they  venture  to  affirm  that 
such  distance  ^'  has  not  appeared  to  us  to 
be  In  any  way  an  objection  to  the  site  we 
have  obtained.  The  succesa  of  the  Exhi- 
bition, on  a  spot  almost  exactly  opposite 
it,  to  which  upward,^  of  six  million  visits 
were  paid,  has  clearly  i^hown  that  that  part 
of  London  ia  not  too  remote  for  visitors  ; 
while  it  has  been  ascertained,  by  an  analysis 
of  their  addresses,  that  the  great  propor- 
tion of  the  members  of  the  principal  sci- 
entific bodies  live  considerably  to  the  west 
of  Charing  CroBs/' 

And  they  conclude  by  remarkiog  that 
*'  We  propose  to  trust,  for  the  carrying 
out  of  our  plan,  to  the  same  principles 
which  alone  have  rendered  the  execution 
of  so  large  an  undertaking  as  the  Exhi- 
bition of  IBal  passible  within  so  limited  a 
time,  viz.  the  finding  room  and  system, 
and  leaving  it  to  the  voluntary  efforts  of 
individualsi  corporations,  and  authorities, 
to  carry  out  the  promotion  of  the  different 
interests  with  which  they  are  themselves 
connected,  on  which  they  are  dependent, 
and  of  which  they  are  therefore  the  beat 
guardians  ond  judges.** 

The  Boy  at  Society  have  already  ex- 
pressed an  opinion  on  that  part  of  Ibis 
scheme  which  afFecta  the  learned  Societiea. 
Whilst  approving  of  their  being  assam- 
bled  in  one  locality,  they  deprecate  the 
choice  of  Kensington  Gore.  At  the  An- 
niversary Meeting  of  the  Society  on  the 
30th  of  November,  the  President,  to  his 
annual  address,  stated  thnt  he  had  com- 
muntcated  to  the  Eorl  of  Derby  the  fol- 
lowing representation : 

"  Tilt"  CouiK'il  of  the  Roy  at  Society  having  lusanl 
reports  to  tUe  effect  thut  jfrrniinl  luia  been  inir- 
'  at  Kf»uington  Qorv  tor  the  puriJf>*e  of 
;  tb^  l^ietioa  culttvatlag  natural 


56 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[Jan. 


knowlodffc,  which  are  now  provided  with  apart- 
ments in  Somerset  House  and  elsewhere  in  the 
metropolis,  and  for  other  public  objects  connected 
with  practical  science  and  the  industrial  arts,— 
while  they  deem  it  right  to  acknowledge  the  in- 
terest which  Government  has  thus  manifested  in 
the  promotion  of  science,  desire  to  state  their  con- 
viction that  the  locality  referred  to  would  be 
exceedingly  inconvenient  and  unsuitable  for  the 
purposes  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  of  the  other 
Societies  allied  to  the  Royal  Society  in  the  culti- 
vation of  natural  knowledge,  Tliey  wish  at  the 
same  time  to  express  an  opinion  which  is  strongly 
felt,  that  It  would  tend  greatly  to  the  advancement 
of  science,  and  would  be  more  suitable  to  the  po- 
sition which  science  should  occupy  in  the  metro- 
polis, if  the  several  Societies  referred  to  were 
brought  together  in  one  central  locality,  and  if 
possible  under  a  single  roof.  And  they  request 
the  Earl  of  Rosse,  President  of  the  Royal  Society, 
respectfully  to  lay  this  theU-  opinion  before  tlie 
hei^  of  Her  M^eaty's  Qovemment." 

The  Astronomical  Society,  which  also 
has  apartments  in  Somerset  House,  has 
followed  the  example  of  the  Royal  Society, 
by  issuing  a  statement  that  two -thirds  of 
its  members  are  resident  to  the  eastward 
of  that  locality.  It  is  remarkable,  however, 
that  all  the  learned  Societies  who  occupy 
houses  or  apartments  of  their  own,  are 
located  more  or  less  to  the  westward  of 
Somerset  House,  and  it  is  well  known  that 
all  the  older  bodies,  as  the  Royal  Society, 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  the  Royal 
Academy,  and  the  College  of  Physicians, 
have  all  heretofore  removed,  and  some  of 
them  repeatedly,  in  that  direction. 

It  must  be  admitted  that  Kensington 
Gore  seems  at  present  not  "  the  ceHiral 
locality  '*  that  could  be  desired,  especially 
for  evening  meetings ;  but  it  is  highly 
probable  that  the  march  of  the  town  west- 
ward, and  increased  facilities  of  transit, 
will  alter  circumstances  in  this  respect  in 
the  course  of  the  next  twenty  years.  When 
Mr.  Charles  Pearson's  scheme  for  '*a 
frequent,  rapid,  punctual,  and  cheap  in- 
tercommunication between  the  city  and 
suburbs  ''  shall  have  been  accomplished, 
such  a  difficulty  as  this  will  have  vanished* 
However,  the  Chancellor  of  Exchequer 
on  the  6th  of  December,  obtained  from  the 
House  of  Commons  a  vote  of  150,000/. 
for  the  proposed  University  of  Industry. 

Her  Miyesty,  as  the  head  of  the  Royal 
Academy t  has  backed  a  petition  made  to 
that  body  by  the  Engravers,  with  the 
gracious  recommendation  of  their  prayer 
to  be  eligible  for  admission  to  the  grade  of 
Academician  ;  and  the  Forty,  in  obedience 
to  Royal  wishes,  and  in  compliance,  doubt- 
less, with  their  own  sense  of  the  justice  of 
the  demand,  have  consented  to  admit  a 
certain  number  of  engravers  (to  be  here- 
after determined  on)  to  the  full  honours  of 
the  Academy.  Thus,  after  nearly  90 
years  of  heartburning,  this  grievance  is 
removed. 

The  sixteenth  annivergary  meeting  of 
7 


the  Botanical  Society  was  held  on  Monday 
Nov.  29,  Dr.  J.  E.  Grey,  F.R.S.,  Pre- 
sident, in  the  chair.  From  the  report  of 
the  council  it  appeared  that  fourteen  new 
members  had  been  elected  during  the  year, 
and  that  the  society  consisted  of  302 
members.  The  distribution  of  British  and 
foreign  specimens  had  been  carried  on  with 
great  success,  and  many  thousands  were 
preparing  for  distribution  in  January  next. 
J.  Ball,  esq.  M.P.,  F.  P.  Pascoe,  esq. 
F.L.S.,  and  J.  T.  Syme,esq.,  were  elected 
new  members  of  the  council ;  and  the  presi- 
dent nominated  J.  Miers,  esq.  F.R.S.,  and 
A.  Henfrey,  esq.  F.R.S.  as  vice-presidents. 

The  Essejc  Archaological  Society^  the 
formation  of  which  we  announced  in  our 
November  number,  has  been  duly  inaugu- 
rated, by  a  meeting  held  at  the  Town  Hall 
in  Colchester,  on  the  14th  of  December. 
A  Report  which  was  read  from  the  pro- 
visional committee  defined  the  objects  of 
the  association  as  being,  1 .  the  establish- 
ment of  an  archaeological  museum  and 
library ;  2.  the  completion  of  the  county 
history ;  and  3.  the  promotion  of  a  general 
taste  for  and  knowledge  of  archaeology. 
There  already  exists  a  considerable  col- 
lection of  antiauities  which  will  be  placed 
in  the  Society's  possession  as  soon  as  a 
suitable  room  has  been  provided  for  its 
reception  ;  and  it  is  hoped  that  it  will  be 
united  with  the  valuable  collection  of  an- 
tiquities bequeathed  to  the  town  by  the 
late  Mr.  Vint.  An  inaugural  lecture  on 
the  science  of  archseology  was  delivered 
by  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Marsden,  B.D.  Rector 
of  Great  Oakley,  Essex,  and  Disney  Pro- 
fessor of  Archaeology  in  the  university  of 
Cambridge.  The  Rev.  Guy  Bryan  then 
read  a  paper  suggested  by  the  discovery 
of  a  leaden  bulla  of  Pope  Innocent  VI.  in 
the  parish  of  Mucking,  where  an  estate 
belonged  to  Barking  abbey. 

Some  valuable  MSS.  of  Morant  the 
county  historian  were  exhibited  by  C.  G. 
Round,  esq.  together  with  two  cabinets  of 
Roman  coins,  collected  by  Mr.  Gray. 
There  were  also  displayed  upon  the  table 
a  selection  from  a  cabinet  of  497  coins 
collected  by  Mr.  Isaac  Rebow,  son  of  Sir 
Isaac  Rebow,  who  died  1734,  and  pre- 
sented to  the  Colchester  Museum  (pro- 
posed to  be  formed  some  few  years  ago) 
by  J.  Gurdon-Rebow,  esq. ;  and  a  large 
number  of  cinerary  urns,  dug  up  in  1848 
from  some  land  adjoining  West  Lodge, 
Lexden«road,  the  property  of  Mr.  J. 
Taylor,  jun.  The  proceedings  of  the  day 
were  closed  with  a  dinner  at  the  Cups 
hotel,  where  John  Disney,  esq.  the  Pre- 
sident of  the  Society,  took  the  chair,  and 
about  thirty-five  gentlemen  were  present. 
The  Rev.  Edward  Lewes  Cutts,  B.A.  act<( 
at  Honorary  Secretary. 


1853.] 


Notes  of  the  Mont  ft. 


57 


At  Cambridge »  Ibe  Le  Ba&  Prize  Ims 
■iieen  adjudged  to  Mr.  B.  A.  Jnrlng,  of 
"Stnmaauel  college,  the  subject  of  the  essaj 
eing^  "A  View  of  the  Rbutes  aucces- 
dvcly  taken  by  the  Commerce  between 
'Snropc  and  the  Hlast,  and  of  the  Politick 
Effect  produced  by  these  ChuDges/'  On 
be  24  tb  of  November  graces  passed  the 
ante  for  Affixing  the  University  seal  to 
letter  of  thanks  to  the  King  of  Frosaitt 
br  B  copy  of  Lepsiua's  MoButnents  of 
Sgypt,  8tc*  ;  and  gr&nting  150/.  for  the 
'  expenses  of  arranging  Dr.  LemaiiD'i}  col- 
lection  of  dried  plants  presented  by  bis 
executors.  A  retiring  pension  of  1 00/*  \)er 
annual  was  assigned  to  Mr,  John  Boutell, 
Ubrary  keeper. 

A  peoBion  of  ^00/.  per  annum,  through 
the  influence  of  the  Earl  of  Hossc,  baa 
been  conferred  on  Mr.  Html,  one  of  the 
most  indefatigable  astronomers  of  our  age. 
and  the  discoverer  of  several  new  planets^ 
A  pension  has  also  been  conferred  of  75/. 
on  Dr,  Ckarlea  RicAardaon,  author  of  the 
new  Engtish  Dictionary  ;  and  the  like  sum 
on  Mr»  Franc iji  Ronatda^  "in  consideration 
of  his  eminent  discoveries  in  electricity 
ajid  meteorology.' ' 

A  vacancy  having  occurred  ki  tlie  Prus- 
sian Order  of  Merit,  by  the  death  of  the 
poet  Moore,  the  cross  has  been  given  by 
King  Frederick  William  to  OoU  Rawlin* 
soHj  the  eminent  Orientalist,  at  the  re* 
commendation f  as  the  custom  is  in  this 
literary  and  adentific  order  of  knighthood, 
of  the  Berlin  Royal  Acudemy* 

T)ie  schools  and  lio^pitals  of  the  city  of 
London  have  obtained  from  the  munili-. 
ceuce  of  Mita  Hardwick  a  testamentary 
bequest  of  a  large  sum  of  monej, — said  to 
|bc  upwards  of  20,000/.  A  single  ex- 
ntorf  with  the  Lord  Mayor  ond  City 
ainberlftin,  are  the  administrators  of 
this  8om4*what  onerous  trust,  these  partief 
having  full  powers  conferred  on  them  by 
the  lady's  will  to  apportion  tbe  funds 
among  the  several  institutions  according 
to  their  own  judgment  and  discretion. 
Miss  Hardwick^s  motive  for  disposing  of 
her  property  in  this  way,  to  the  exclusion 
of  hcT  relatives,  is  described  by  herself  as 
being  a  regard  for  her  father's  memory, 
who  was  a  merchant  in  the  city,  and  there 
made  the  fortune  which  baa  now  relumed 
to  enrich  its  several  charities. 

The  conservation  of  Skakapere'a  Houae 

i  Stratford -on -Avon  is  taken  op  by  the 

overnment  authorities.      The  Solicitor 

ftbe  Board  of  Works  has  given  notice  in 

the  London  Gazette,  **  that  application  is 

intended  to  be  mudf^  to  Parliament  in  the 

<|ieit  Session   for  au  Act  to  vest  in  the 

ommissioners  of  Her  Majesty's  Works 

'«»d  Public  Buildings,  and  their  successoM, 

certain  messuages,  tenements,  and  here-> 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.XXXLX. 


ditaments,  situate  in  Uentey- street,  in  the 
borough  of  Stratford-upon-Avon,  in  the 
county  of  Warwick,  a  certain  portion 
wbereof  is  commonly  called  or  known  by 
the  name  of  '  Shakspeare's  House,'  upon 
trust  to  provide  for  the  care  and  preserva- 
tion of  the  said  portion  known  as  *  Shak- 
spcare's  House,'  and  to  permit  the  public 
to  have  access  thereto  at  such  timejt»  sub* 
ject  to  such  conditions,  and  under  such 
rules  and  regulations  as  the  said  Commis- 
sioners m^y  from  time  to  time  prescribe." 
It  H  further  intended  to  empower  the 
Commissioners  ^'^to  pull  down  certain 
other  portions  of  the  said  premises," 
which  has  for  its  object  the  isolation  of 
the  **  EIouBe/'  and  its  protection  ngajnst 
fire. 

At  the  recent  sale  of  Mr.  Tait's  library 
in  Edinburgh,  much  intercut  was  excited 
in  a  Volume  of  Autograph  Letter  a  frttm 
the  Poai  Bums  to  the  late  George  Thom- 
son, This  collection,  enriched  as  it  waa 
by  somQ  of  Burns'si  finest  criticisms  on  our 
Scotlsh  melodies,  ntid  by  many  of  his 
noblest  lyrics,  attracted  the  attention  of 
all  connoisseurs  and  literary  men.  After 
a  brisk  competition,  the  volume  was 
knocked  down  to  an  Eoglii^h  nobleman, 
at  the  sum  of  273/.;  but  it  is  understood 
thnt,  in  aU  prohabilityf  it  will  remain  in 
Scotland* 

We  had  occasion  to  draw  attention 
some  time  back  to  the  extensive  and  very 
able  forgeries  of  autographs  and  letters  of 
distinguisibcd  personages  of  olden  and 
modern  times,  made  of  late  years  in  France 
and  Geruiony.  More  forgeries  have  just 
been  detected  in  the  sale  at  Paris  of  a  vast 
collection  of  nutognipbs,  which  belonged 
to  a  Baron  de  Tremtmt,  recently  deceased. 
One  of  them  la  a  kttet  purporting  to  have 
been  written  by  Rabelais  from  Nice,  giving 
an  account  uf  the  negociations  in  that  city 
between  Pope  Paul  111.,  Francis  L  of 
France,  and  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  But 
It  turns  out  that  at  the  very  time  Rabelais 
was  at  Montpellier,  and  that  the  letter, 
which  is  in  bad  Latin,  is  a  literal  copy  of 
a  passage  m  a  work  left  some  time  after 
by  the  Cardinal  du  Bellay,  in  whose  ser- 
vice he  was.  Yet  the  paper,  ink,  and 
haodwriting  of  this  epistle  are  so  admira- 
bly imitated  that  they  would  deceive  the 
sharpest  oonnoissear. 

Whilst  tbe  funeral  of  the  late  Duke  of 
WeltingtoD  was  in  preparation  the  columna 
of  the  Times  newspaper  daily  contained 
a  string  of  advertisements  offering  for  sale 
specimens  of  his  G racers  autographs,  at 
pncea  ridiciloualy  eitorbitant  in  propor- 
tion to  the  interest  belonging  to  most  of 
the  document}*.  It  is  now  stated  that  the 
Duke  bad  Uthogrnpldc  blank  notes  in 
great  variety  to  suit  various  cases.    Many 


58 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Jan. 


of  these  have  been  sold  as  his  own  hand- 
writing. They  all  begin  "  F.  M.  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,"  and  are,  of  course, 
without  signature. 

We  are  happy  to  announce  that  Mr. 
Martin,  the  Librarian  to  the  Duke  of  Bed- 
ford, is  preparing  a  Second  Edition  of  his 
very  curious  and  interesting  Catalogue  of 
Privately  Printed  Books. 

Mr.  Charles  Bridger,  F.S.A.  has  also 
issued  proposals  for  a  Catalogue  of  Pri- 
vately Printed  Books  on  Genealogy  and 
kindred  Subjects,  to  be  printed  uniformly 
with  Moule's  Bibliotheca  Heraldica. 

Mr.  Charles  Roach  Smith,  F.S.A.  is 
preparing  a  continuation  of  his  Collectanea 


Antiqua.  It  is  to  be  restricted  to  the  sub- 
scribers of  24*.  a-year  (to  be  paid  in  ad- 
vance) and  to  be  issued  in  about  four  quar- 
terly deliveries.  Mr.  Smith  has  under 
consideration  for  this  work  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  remains  discovered  at  Osengal  in 
Thanet,  to  be  illustrated  by  eight  plates  by 
Fairholt,  and  woodcuts;  Roman  archi- 
tectural remains  found  at  Wroxcter  near 
Shrewsbury ;  the  Roman  bridge  near  Tad- 
caster  ;  Roman  sepulchral  remains  in  Dor- 
setshire ;  the  Roman  amphitheatre,  &c.  at 
Lillebonne  on  the  Seine ;  the  site  of  the 
Portus  Adumi ;  recent  discoveries  at  Lin- 
coln, Colchester,  Chester,  Pevensey,  and 
other  places. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


The  Lady  of  the  Lake,  by  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  Bart,  with  all  his  introductiom, 
various  readings,  and  the  Editor'^s  Notes. 
Illustrated  by  numerous  Engravings  on 
Wood,  from  drawings  by  Birket  Foster 
and  John  Gilbert.  (Adam  and  Charles 
Black.) — The  tribe  of  Annuals,  with  their 
monotonous  farrago  of  insipid  novelettes 
and  indifferent  poetry,  illustrated  by  equally 
monotonous  and  ineffective  prints,  the 
designs  of  which  were  generally  utterly 
unworthy  the  labour  and  expense  bestowed 
in  engraving  them, — has  been  well  ex- 
changed for  such  successors  as  that  now 
before  us.  The  demand  for  gift-books  is 
now  gratified  by  adopting  the  best  works 
of  our  best  writers,  and  making  them  the 
vehicles  of  those  costly  embellishments, 
which  at  once  gratify  the  eye  and  improve 
the  taste.  In  the  instance  before  us  the 
jewel  is  worthy  of  the  setting.  The  annuals 
were  books  ephemeral  in  Uieir  character, 
on  which  much  cost  was  thrown  away,  and 
the  actual  result  a  few  scrap-book  prints. 
This  illustrated  edition  of  The  Lady  of 
the  Lake  is  a  book  which  will  be  an  orna- 
ment to  a  library  at  any  future  time. 
Messieurs  Foster  and  Gilbert,  the  artists 
employed,  are  equally  admirable  in  their 
respective  departments.  The  former  has 
contributed  twenty-eight  landscapes,  and 
the  latter  thirty  figure  designs.  The  en- 
gravers are  Messrs.  J.  W.  Whymper  and 
Edward  Evans ;  and  we  cannot  pay  a 
higher  compliment  to  their  work  than  by 
Baying  that  the  effect  is  perfectly  equal  to 
that  of  line-engraving.  To  the  successful 
accomplishment  of  this  result  skilful  work- 
manship at  the  press  is  essential ;  and 
Messrs.  R.  and  R.  Clark  of  Edinburgh, 
the  printers,  are  consequently  deserving  of 
their  share  of  praise.  This  edition  has, 
besides,  all  the  Uterary  advantages  in  the 


way  of  annotation  that  have  accrued  since 
the  composition  of  the  poem  from  the  care 
and  attention  of  the  author  and  his  com- 
mentators, together  with  the  opinions, 
whether  in  praise  or  censure,  passed  on 
the  leading  passages  by  Jeffrey  and  other 
leading  critics.  It  is,  as  we  have  already 
said,  a  delightful  acquisition  for  any  library. 

Somersetshire  ARCHi£OLOoicAL  AND 
Natural  History  Society.— Procwrf- 
tit^*  at  the  General,  Quarterly,  and  Annual 
Meetings,  held  during  the  years  1849  and 
1850.  Svo.  pp.  192.  Proceedings  during 
the  year  1851.  Svo.  pp.  128.— These  two 
volumes  comprise  the  Transactions  du- 
ring the  three  past  years  of  its  existence 
of  the  very  active  and  efficient  Society 
whose  recent  meeting  in  the  city  of  Bath 
was  reported  in  our  November  Magazine. 
The  Somersetshire  Society  has  its  central 
point  and  head  quarters  at  Taunton,  and 
it  was  formed  by  the  exertions  of  gentle- 
men living  in  that  neighbourhood  in  the 
spring  of  1849.  Its  first  annual  meeting 
was  held  at  Taunton  in  Sept.  1849,  the 
second  at  Wells  in  Sept.  1850,  and  the 
third  at  Weston-super-Mare  in  Sept.  1851. 
Besides  these,  quarterly  meetings  were 
held  in  the  first  year  at  Bridgewater  and 
Frome ;  but  such  have  latterly  been  ex- 
changed for  Conversazione  meetings  at 
Taunton.  Besides  the  minutes  of  pro- 
ceedings, the  two  volumes  before  us  con- 
tain several  of  the  more  important  papers 
at  length.  Among  these  are  some  valuable 
descriptions  of  the  primaeval  antiquities  of 
the  county,  especially  one  on  the  extensive 
British  encampment,  or  town,  at  Worle 
Hill,  explored  by  the  Rev.  F.  Warre. 
There  are  also  several  good  architectural 
papers,  one  of  the  most  important  of 
wiuch  is  that  by  Mr.  Freeman  on  the  Per- 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


59 


pendicular  Style,  as  exhibited  in  the 
Churches  of  Somerset;  of  which  a  con- 
tinoation  was  read  at  the  recent  meeting 
at  Bath,  as  reported  in  our  Nov.  number, 
at  p.  508.  The  Rev.  F.  Warre  is  the 
author  of  a  useful  paper  on  the  distinction 
between  Anglo-Saxon  and  Norman  Archi- 
tecture, but  he  disclaims  in  his  intro- 
ductory remarks  any  large  amount  of 
original  observation  upon  the  subject.  He 
is,  altogether,  one  of  the  most  efficient 
contributors,  as  he  furnishes  other  papers 
—  on  Glastonbury  abbey,Uphill  old  church, 
and  an  ancient  earthwork  at  Norton.  The 
Rev.  D.  M.  Clerk  contributes  a  paper  on 
Wells  cathedral,  which  was  read  there  at 
the  meeting  of  1850, — the  year  before  Pro- 
fessor Willis  undertook  the  same  subject 
for  the  Archeeological  Institute.  Mr.  B. 
Ferrey,  the  architect,  gives  a  slight  account 
of  the  carved  altar-pieces,  and  sculptured 
statuettes,  discovered  in  St.  Cuthbert's 
church  at  Wells,  with  a  lithographic  plate 
of  the  reredos  of  the  Lady  Chapel ;  but 
we  had  hoped  to  have  seen  those  interest- 
ing discoveries  more  fully  illustrated.  An 
announcement  made  by  Mr.  C.  E.  Giles 
at  Wells  in  1850  also  excites  our  curiosity. 
**  He  there  stated  that  he  had  met  with,  a 
few  days  ago,  in  the  church  at  Netherbury, 
Dorset,  a  remarkable  series  of  figures  in 
fresco.  They  seemed  to  be  of  the  reign 
of  Henry  IV.  and  represented  the  various 
Vices  and  Virtues.  Over  several  illus- 
trations of  charity  were  written  the  words, 
AfOT  Jfe0tt8  eaite.  Unfortunately  they 
could  not  be  preserved,  but  he  had  made 
tracings  of  them."  This  announcement 
seems  to  denote  works  of  an  unusual  cha- 
racter ;  and  if  of  the  period  conjectured, 
they  are  surelju worthy  of  further  notice. 
We  hope  that  in  the  Society's  next  volume 
we  shall  find  additional  illustrations  of  the 
sculptures  at  St.  Cuthbert's,  Wells,  and 
some  of  those  at  Wellington,  and  also  of 
the  paintings  at  Netherbury  —  unless 
indeed  the  last  are  out  of  the  Society's 
province  from  being  in  Dorsetshire.  Be- 
fore we  conclude  we  will  read,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Society,  a  riddle  which  we 
find  proposed  in  the  volume  for  1851,  at 
page  31 : — 

"  The  Rev.  F.  B.  Portman  exhibited  a  rub- 
bing of  an  inscription  on  one  of  the  bells 
in  the  church  of  Staple  Fitzpaine .  He  had 
forwarded  it  to  the  British  Museum,  but 
no  one  there  had  been  able  to  decipher 
the  second  word  in  the  line,  a  fac-sinvile  of 
which  is  here  given.  [In  the  fac-simile  the 
letters  look  most  like — 
upun.] 

'*  The  inscription  runs  thus, — 

^  IBfit  *    *   rollatum    tfic   tfitul) 
nomen  amatunt." 


Now,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Portman  and  all 
the  other  members  of  the  Somersetshire 
Society,  will  at  once  read  this  puzzling 
word  if  they  turn  the  fac-siraile  the  right 
way  upwards,  for  as  printed  in  their  book 
it  is  reversed.  It  will  then  be  seen  that  it 
reads  mtcl^t,  in  which  manner  it  was  usual 
to  write  mihif  and  the  whole  verse  ^11  be — 

Est  mihi  collatnm  Jesus  istiid  nomen  amatuni. 

We  should  not  omit  to  remark  that  the 
papers  on  the  Geology  and  Natural  His- 
tory of  the  county  are  as  numerous  in 
these  volumes  as  those  on  its  Archseology 
and  Architecture.  Mr.  W.  Baker,  of 
Bridgewater,  is  the  largest  contributor 
on  these  subjects.  There  is  also  a  valua- 
ble essay  on  the  Turbaries  between  Glas- 
tonbury and  the  sea,  by  Mr.  Stradling, 
and  one  on  the  very  remarkable  lime- 
stone cavern  at  Holwell,  by  Mr.  Andrew 
Crosse.  From  the  Turbaries  Mr.  Stradling 
has  collected  a  large  number  of  curious 
primaeval  relics,  which  the  peat  has  pre- 
served in  a  state  of  great  perfection. 
Among  them  is  "  a  bow  of  yew,  formed 
evidently  before  the  Britons  knew  the  use 
of  brass."  He  also  discovered  the  site  of 
a  Roman  pottery,  and  many  moulds  for 
casting  Roman  coins.  The  Address  of 
the  Dean  of  Westminster,  Dr.  Buckland, 
at  the  annual  meeting  in  1849,  was  one  of 
his  last  public  efforts  before  his  lamentable 
illness,  and  is  given  at  length  in  pp.  9 — 20 
of  the  first  volume. 


A  Compilation  of  various  interesting  His- 
torical  Facts,  both  ancient  and  modem f 
principally  relating  to  the  County  of  So- 
merset and  the  South-TVestem  part  of 
Britain.  Also  a  descriptive  Account  of 
the  parish  of  Lympsham,  Somerset :  with 
notices  of  the  Manners  and  Customs  of 
the  Heduiy  Belga,  and  other  of  th^ancient 
Inhabitants  of  the  above  places.  Illustra- 
tive of  the  Past  and  the  Present.  From 
authentic  sources :  with  some  original 
Pieces.  By  Benjamin  Cox,  Lympsham f 
Somerset.  \2mo.  pp.  104.— We  have  copied 
the  whole  of  this  large  title  to  a  small 
volume,  because  it  saves  us  in  a  great 
measure  from  describing  in  other  words 
the  contents  and  character  of  the  compo- 
sition. The  little  book  is  wonderful  at 
once  for  its  load  of  abstruse  learning,  and 
for  its  amount  of  inaccurate  scholarship. 
Its  early  pages  are  interspersed  with  Phoe- 
nician and  Welsh,  and  various  dialects  of 
Saxon,  all  abounding  in  misprints ;  and 
when  the  Latin  epitaphs  in  Lympsham 
church  are  introduced  it  is  no  better. 
Indeed,  even  in  the  plain  English  there 
is  the  same  deficiency.  Very  ambitious 
sentiments  fall  short  of  their  intention  from 
a  failure  in  the  commonest  rules  of  gram- 


60 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Jan. 


mar.  For  instance,  in  one  page  occur 
these  two  sentences  :  '*  Thus  perish  affec- 
tions tribute,  the  frail  link  which  connect 
the  sympathies  of  the  living,  with  the 
memory  of  the  dead.'*  *•  The  rights  of 
the  church  is  under  the  superintendance 
of  the  minister  and  two  churchwardens.'' 
Other  statements  are  no  less  strange,  as 
(p.  81),  ••  Lim-pes-ham,  otherwise  Lim- 
pils-ham,  or  Lympsham,  is  a  parish  of  no 
very  considerable  extent^  its  form  being 
similar  to  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  its  cir- 
cumference about  eight  miles,  while  it 
ranges  over  1966  and  three-quarter  acres 
of  rich  and  fertile  soil."  This  we  pre- 
sume is  not  a  small  parish  for  the  west  of 
England.  A  local  name  terminating  in  well 
is  "  probably  derived  from  its  ancient  British 
designation  Bannawelli,  compound  of  Bonn 
meaning  deep,  and  welyi  sea,  '  a  deep  sea,' 
although  [it  is  added]  the  parish  is  now 
nearly  eight  miles  from  the  sea-coast." 
We  have  not  the  slightest  idea  who  Benja- 
min Cox  may  be  ;  but  we  could  not  allow 
his  production  to  pass  with  that  disregard 
which  it  may  probably  be  said  to  deserve, 
as  it  is  just  from  such  ungainly  and  abortive 
attempts  at  archseological  authorship  that 
the  study  of  antiquities  has  heretofore  fallen 
into  disrepute,  and  they  are  calculated 
rather  to  offend  and  disgust  than  to  attract 
the  sympathies  of  **  the  younger  branches 
of  society,"  for  whose  special  use  the  in- 
troduction states  that  the  book  is  intended. 
Such  a  performance  will  surely  make  the 
'*  antiquary  "  a  laughing-stock  among  the 
visitors  at  Weston  super  Mare,  the  place 
where  it  is  printed  and  published. 

History  in  Ruins :  a  Series  of  Letters 
to  a  Lady,  embodying  a  Popular  Sketch 
qfthe  History  of  Architecture,  By  George 
Godwin,  F.R.S.  Crown  Svo. — The  series 
of  papers  of  which  this  volume  consists 
has  been  written  with  the  view  of  afford- 
ing to  the  unlearned  in  architecture-  a 
familiar  exposition  of  its  history  from  the 
earliest  times,  and  of  the  various  styles 
which  have  prevailed  in  all  parts  of  the 
world.  The  letters  have  appeared  from 
time  to  time  in  The  Builder,  of  which  ex- 
cellent periodical  Mr.  Godwin  is  the 
editor,  and  they  are  now  collected  in  order 
to  form  a  popular  Handbook  of  Archi- 
tecture. The  task  is  executed  in  a  very 
pleasant  and  agreeable  manner,  and  is  well 
calculated,  in  our  opinion,  to  accomplish 
its  object,  of  attracting  some  readers  to 
the  study  of  architecture  who  have  hitherto 
regarded  the  subject  with  indifference  or 
aversion.  Mr.  Godwin's  style  is  easy  and 
familiar  :  he  endeavours  to  enliven  the 
technicalities  of  his  subject  by  the  flowers 
of  fancy  and  poetry.  These  are  well  in- 
tended, but  occasionally  we  think  grow 


somewhat  too  luxuriously,  and  would  bear 
cropping.  They  arc  all,  however,  con- 
ceived in  good  spirit,  and  his  critical  re- 
marks, whether  on  architectural  or  other 
matters,  are  generally  pertinent  and  judi- 
cious. In  proof  of  this  we  may  quote  the 
following  passage,  expressing  sentiments 
which  it  is  true  are  now  generally  acknow- 
leged,  but  which  it  is  well  to  present  dis- 
tinctly to  the  tyro  in  architecture  :  "  You 
must  not  imagine,  as  many  did  at  one 
time,  that  the  architects  of  the  Middle 
Ages  worked  without  rules  or  guiding 
principles.  The  more  fully  our  ancient 
edifices  are  studied,  the  more  clearly  does 
it  become  apparent  that  nothing  was  in- 
troduced unnecessarily  or  deceptively,  for 
mere  appearance^  sake;  that  the  excellence 
of  effect,  which  is  apparent,  resulted  from 
the  use  of  sound  principles,  laid  down  not 
with  a  view  of  producing  that  effect,  but 
with  reference  to  stability,  convenience, 
and  fitness ;  good  taste  and  great  skill 
being  afterwards  employed  in  adorning 
that  which  was  necessary,  and  making  the 
Useful  a  producer  of  the  Beautiful.  Plans 
were  not  made  to  accord  with  a  fanciful 
elevation,  entailing  thereby  loss  of  con- 
venience and  unnecessary  outlay;  but 
were  arranged  first,  to  suit  the  require- 
ments of  the  time,  and  upon  these  natu- 
rally the  elevation  followed.  All  decora- 
tion grew  out  of  the  construction,  and 
reason  governed  instead  of  caprice.  This 
is  now  better  understood  than  it  was  a 
few  years  ago,  and  will  doubtless  produce 
its  fruit  in  due  season." 


Memoir  of  John  Prederic  Oberlin, 
Pastor  at  Ban  de  la  Roche,  Tenth  edi- 
tion. (Bagster.)  12mo.  pp.  x,  372. — 
Thk  Talent  of  Doino  Good  is  said  to 
have  been  the  motto  of  Prince  Henry  of 
Portugal,  the  celebrated  navigator.  There 
is  a  work  entitled  "  Essays  to  do  Good," 
by  Cotton  Mather,  to  which  Franklin 
thus  avows  his  obligations,  in  a  letter  to 
the  author's  son: — "If  I  have  been  a 
useful  citizen,  as  you  seem  to  think,  the 
public  owes  the  advantage  to  that  book." 
The  whole  career  of  Oberlin  was  an  ex- 
emplification  of  the  motto,  and  a  series  of 
such  essays.  We  do  not  remember  that 
any  list  of  works,  proposed  by  authority 
for  divinity  students,  contains  a  selection 
of  historical  biography  ;  but  such  a  list 
would  be  incomplete  if  the  Life  of  Oberlin 
were -omitted.  It  is,  as  Mr.  Bickersteth 
observes  in  his  Christian  Student,  "An 
interesting  memoir  of  one  who  was  a  de- 
voted minister,''  adding,  "  with  some  ex- 
ceptional views  ;  "  and  these  the  present 
biographer  by  no  means  dissembles,  but 
draws  his  hero's  portrait,  as  Cromwell  de- 
sired Lely  to  draw  hiif  with  all  the  wrinkles. 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


61 


Peculiarities,  which  often  attach  them- 
selves to  persons  of  eialted  benevolence, 
offer  a  sort  of  compensation  to  ordinary 
minds  for  the  excellences  which  eclipse 
them.  But,  indeed,  they  do  more,  by 
reducing  the  personage  from  romance  to 
history,  and  from  the  colossal  to  the 
human ;  so  that  the  virtues  which  else 
would  seem  to  defy  emulation  attract 
with  hope  instead  of  repelling  in  despair. 
In  France,  independent  of  his  purely  pas- 
toral labours,  Oberlin  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  benefactors  to  mankind,  for  the 
transformation  which  he  effected  in  a  por- 
tion of  the  Vosges,  from  a  wilderness  to  a 
flourishing  district.  The  interesting  de- 
tails were  laid  before  the  "  Soci^t^  Royale 
et  Centrale  d' Agriculture  "  of  France,  in 
a  report  presented  in  1818  by  M.  Fran9oi8 
de  Neufchftteau,  who  had  formerly  tra- 
versed the  ground  as  a  functionary  of  go- 
vernment. We  quote  a  single  sentence, 
the  importance  of  which  will  be  fully  ap- 
preciated at  a  time  when  the  miseries  of 
Highland  and  Irish  destitution  are  fresh 
in  our  readers'  memories.  "  By  his  ex- 
traordinary efforts  and  unabated  exertions 
he  averted  from  his  parishioners  in  the 
years  1812,  1816,  and  1817,  the  horrors  of 
approaching  famine.*"  (See  p.  196).  Had 
he  lived  in  mythological  times,  he  would 
have  been  transmitted  to  posterity  as 
another  Triptolemus  by  Greeks,  or  Hu 
Gadarn  by  Celts.  His  heart's  desire, 
however,  was  not  celebrity,  but  that  he 
might  be  brought  only  to  wish,  say,  or 
undertake,  •*  what  He  who  only  is  wise 
and  good  sees  to  be  best."  (p.  318.)  But 
we  must  remember  that  our  province  is 
to  recommend  this  work,  and  not  to 
analyse  it,  for  a  tenth  edition  may  surely 
spare  us  the  trouble.  We  need,  therefore, 
merely  state  that  it  is  an  enlarged  one. 
All  sources,  French  and  German,  have 
been  consulted ;  some  additional  facts  and 
observations  have  been  introduced  ;  and 
some  letters  hitherto  unpublished  have 
been  inserted.  A  chapter,  on  the  more 
prominent  parts  of  Oberlin's  mental  and 
moral  character,  has  also  been  added.  It 
contains  several  portraits  and  plans,  with 
a  pretty  vignette  of  his  church  and  parson- 
age at  Waldbach. 

We  wish  it  had  contained  a  more  ex- 
tended notice  of  his  erudite  brother  ;  but 
for  that  defect  the  original  French  me- 
moir, by  M.  Lutteroth,  is  answerable,  as 
it  has  been  copied  here.  J.  J.  Obeflin 
is  well  known  in  the  classical  world  as 
the  editor  of  Caesar  and  Tacitus.  His 
praises,  as  such,  will  be  found  in  the 
**  Introduction''  of  Dr.  Dibdin,  and  in 
Klugling's  Supplement  to  Harles.*     His 

*  This  writer's  name  is  sometimes  spelt 
with  one  final  9,  and  sometimes  with  two. 


other  works  have  procured  him  a  con- 
spicuous place  in  Peignot's  "  Repertoire 
Bibliographique,"  with  this  concise  but 
copious  eulogy  : — **  La  profonde  Erudition 
de  I'auteur  repond  de  son  exactitude  et 
de  I'^tendue  de  ses  recherches."  (p.  20.) 
As  his  "  Essai  sur  le  Patois  Lorrain,"  is 
briefly  alluded  to  at  p.  24  of  the  memoir, 
we  may  add,  that  Peignot  has  given  an 
analysis  of  this  work,  which  he  considers 
worthy  of  comparison  with  that  of  M. 
Champollion  Figeac  "  Sur  les  patois  ou 
idiomes  vulgaires  de  la  France."  (p.  440.) 
The  personal  history  of  J.  J.  Oberlin  is 
also  interesting,  from  the  sufferings  he 
endured  in  the  Reign  of  Terror.  A  me- 
moir of  him  will  be  found  in  the  "  Biogra- 
phic Universelle,"  which  might  advan- 
tageously be  copied  or  condensed,  in  the 
appendix  to  the  next  edition  of  the  volume 
which  forms  the  subject  of  this  notice. 

Pauperism  and  Poor  Laws.  By  Ro- 
bert Pashley,  oneo/HerMqje8ty*8  Council, 
late  Fellow  qf  Trinity  College  ^  Cambridge, 
Author  of  Travels  in  Crete. — Honour  be 
to  those  who  still  ply  their  thankless  labour 
in  exploring  the  causes  of  failure  in  our  long 
attempts  to  deal  wisely  with  pauperism! 
In  our  narrow  limits,  it  is  impossible  for 
us  to  follow  Mr.  Pashley  as  we  could  wish 
through  his  painstaking  inquiries ;  but  we 
will  endeavour  to  state  a  few  of  his  data 
and  his  conclusions. 

It  is,  indeed,  a  sad  and  harassing  thing 
to  find  the  sum  total  of  our  pauperism 
still  so  high ;  to  know  that  at  the  close 
of  1851  the  amount  expended  in  that  year 
in  poor-law  relief  was  no  less  than  five 
millions.  Still  worse  it  is,  perhaps,  be- 
cause militating  against  any  fond  ideas  of 
country  simplicity  of  manners  and  economy 
of  habits,  to  find  how  much  lower  on 
the  downward  scale  are  the  agricultural 
districts  than  our  towns,  so  that  the  pro- 
portion of  relief  required  in  ten  of  our 
agricultural  counties  is  at  the  rate  of  about 
98,  Id,  per  head  per  annum,  while,  in  the 
metropolitan  districts,  the  yearly  sum  of 
6*.  3^d.  would  nearly  represent  the  amount 
per  head — the  amount  of  population  in 
the  ten  aforesaid  counties  being  2,514,637, 
while  in  the  metropolitan  districts  it  is 
taken  at  2,362,236. 

From  numerous  statements  like  these,  of 
melancholy  and  disheartening  significance, 
Mr.  Pashley  turns  to  the  question  of  what 
are  the  principal  occasions  of  mismanage- 
ment of  our  actual  pauperism,  and  he 
makes  a  vigorous  attack  on  one  of  the 
worst  among  them  —  the  law  of  settle- 
ment. We  have  never  seen  the  absurdi- 
ties of  legislation  more  amply  exposed. 
It  is  true  that  at  different  times  endea- 
vours have  been  made  to  modify  this  law 
and  to  check  removals.    Practically,  no 


69 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Jan. 


doubt,  much  buBineBs  is  transacted  between 
Unions  and  Parishes  in  exchanging  pay 
ments  to  the  non-resident  paupers :  still 
the  fundamental  evil  remains — the  common 
.  life  of  the  labourer  is  grievously  embittered 
by  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  a  cottage 
near  his  work;  he  is  lowered  in  the  scale 
long  before  he  requires  parochial  aid,  by 
being  pushed  about  and  made  the  subject 
of  oppressive  measures,  lest  he  should  in 
some  future  time  become  chargeable.  The 
instances  adduced  by  Mr.  Pashley  are  no 
exaggerations  or  exceptional  cases.  While 
the  settlement  of  the  future  supposed 
pauper  is  an  object  ever  before  the  minds 
of  guardians  and  ratepayers,  it  is  vain  to 
hope  for  neighbourly  union — for  a  kindly 
interchange  of  feeling  between  the  poor 
and  the  rich.  Sullen  or  violent  resist* 
ance  on  one  side,  and  grinding  oppression 
on  the  other,  will  be  the  prevailing  spectacle 
we  shall  have  to  witness.  All  that  benevo- 
lence desires  to  do  by  means  of  education, 
or  by  loans  or  allotments,  or  any  species 
of  kindly  aid,  is  nearly  useless  now.  The 
daily  feeling  that  an  interested  eye  is 
watching  his  movements,  settling  his  place 
of  abode,  and  keeping  him  out  of  the 
comforts  of  a  decent  dwelling  house,  is 
gall  and  wormwood  to  the  poor  labourer. 
This  is  a  case  on  which  we  cannot  speak  too 
strongly.  Surely  the  united  voice  of  in- 
spectors, guardians,  and  economists,  will 
prevail  at  last  to  procure  the  abolition  of 
so  degrading  a  law. 

Mr.  Pashley  by  no  means  makes  light, 
however,  of  the  difficulty  of  bringing  it 
about.  The  whole  mode  of  raising  the 
poor  rate  must  be  altered  simultaneously 
with  such  a  change.  His  own  proposal  is 
developed  in  a  few  pages  at  the  end  of  the 
volume;  but,  concise  as  the  statement  is, 
it  is  too  long  for  us,  and  we  must  refer 
to  the  volume  itself. 

There  is  less  in  Mr.  Pashley 's  book 
about  outdoor  allowances  to  the  able- 
bodied  than  we  should  have  expected  ;  he 
cannot  be  ignorant  that  this  is  now  the 
mbject  of  great  contest  between  Unions 
and  the  P6or-law  Board.  Every  one  must 
agree  with  him  to  a  large  extent  in  what  he 
laya  of  workhouses.  In  so  far  as  the  treat- 
ment, or  even  admission,  of  lunatics  and 
idiots  is  concerned,  it  is  scarce  possible 
to  overrate  the  miseries  and  mismanage- 
ment they  infallibly  entail  upon  the  com- 
mon Union  House.  We  are  rather  more 
doubtful  about  the  School  question.  Some 
experience  and  much  inquiry  have  led 
us  to  apprehend  that  if  the  district  houses, 
for  children  only,  were  much  more  nu- 
merous than  they  are,  the  workhouse 
would  lose  the  benefit  of  a  resident 
schoolmaster;  and  the  consideration  of 
the  Urge  iprinkling  of  children  which  must 


always  be  retained  there,  as  far  as  we  can 
see,  is  a  serious  one.  There  is  good  done 
by  securing  in  a  common  Union  House  the 
presence  of  a  schoolmaster  who  will  keep 
before  the  eyes  of  the  guardians  of  the 
parishes  the  spectacle  of  better  teaching 
than  can  often  be  found  in  national  schools. 
Sir  J.  K.  Shuttle  worth's  unceasing  atten- 
tion to  this  point,  during  the  time  of  his 
Poor  Law  Inspectorship,  was,  we  have 
reason  to  know,  followed  by  these  good 
effects.  By  his  recommendation,  school- 
masters were  brought  from  Scotland,  and 
apparatus  and  books  were  freely  purchased 
for  many  of  the  Union  Houses.  But  an 
error  was  committed  in  requiring  a  resi- 
dence at  the  workhouse  for  these  men. 
We  cannot  see  why  they  should  be  com- 
pelled to  a  mode  of  life  and  to  influences 
and  associates  which  must  to  many  have 
been  disgusting  and  painful.  It  is  not 
fair  to  expect  from  every  schoolmaster, 
otherwise  good,  that  he  should  be  entirely 
possessed  by  the  missionary  spirit ;  and 
nothing  less  could  make  the  workhouse 
life  endurable  to  a  man  of  education.  As 
was  to  be  expected,  these  masters  quickly 
became  discontented  and  resigned  their 
office:  and,  in  many  places,  the  school 
was  discontinued  or  shuffled  off  to  the 
master's  daughter  or  some  official  who 
happened  to  be  on  the  spot.  District  schools 
at  wide  intervals,  for  orphans  and  unpro- 
vided children,  who  can  there  be  properly 
trained  in  industrial  habits,  are  certainly, 
however,  desirable;  but  let  the  workhouse 
school,  if  possible,  go  on  and  be  improved 
upon.  There  is  not  much  force  in  Mr. 
Pashley's  objection  about  the  difficulty  of 
classification.  It  is  a  similar  inconvenience 
with  that  which  meets  us  in  many  of  our 
national  village  schools,  which  are  mostly 
for  all  ages  and  both  sexes. 

Seeing  no  present  remedy  for  this,  we 
think  the  grand  point  is  that  our  trained 
teachers  should  be  a  little  less  stiff  and 
unbending.*     They  must,  it  is  true,  strive 

*  We  are  glad  to  find  that  one  of  our 
best  training  schools — The  Home  and 
Colonial  Model  Infant  School  at  King's 
Cross — so  recognises  the  actual  want  of 
the  agricultural  districts  as  to  have  lately 
instituted  in  addition  to  its  other  schools 
what  is  rather  amusingly  called  **  An 
Agricultural  School," — the  object  being 
to  admit  just  that  mixture  of  ages,  sex, 
and,  as  far  as  can  be  done,  social  position, 
which  is  generally  seen  in  the  schoolroom 
of  a  village.  There  is  a  governess,  and 
there  are  three  pupil  teachers.  No  other 
monitors  are  employed.  One  of  the  pupil 
teachers  is  employed  with  the  infants  in 
a  class  room  during  great  part  of  the  time. 
The  others  give  the  letions.  Teachers  now 


1853.] 


Miicellaneoui  jReriews. 


63 


for  order  in  thdr  schools;  bat  the  idea 
should  be  encouraged  of  an  end  that  is 
higher  than  the  means — of  aco^nunodji- 
tion  to  unaToidable  circomstances  for  the 
sake  of  doing  good.  Any  master  or  mis- 
tress competent  to  instmct  pupil  teachers, 
who  is  allowed  the  nse  of  a  class  room  in 
addition  to  the  schoolroom,  may,  by 
separation  of  the  mert  infants  from  the 
other  scholars,  keep  either  a  workhouse 
school  or  a  common  village  school  with 
great  credit ;  and  we  beHcTe  that,  with 
respect  to  the  former,  it  would  be  a  serious 
eyil  if  it  were  discoDtioued  or  ineffectively 
taught. 


Papers  for  the  Schoolmaster.  Vol.  I. 
— Though  but  one  Tolume  of  this  excel- 
lent publication  is  yet  made  up,  we  hare 
carefully  examined  the  successive  mouthly 
numbers,  and  are  happy  to  bear  our  testi- 
mony  to  the  admirable  spirit  and  execu- 
tion of  the  whole.  We  know  no  work 
adapted  like  this  to  the  uses  of  pupil 
teachers  more  especially.  It  is  not  sa3ring 
too  much  to  assert,  that  every  pupil 
teacher  in  the  land  would  do  well  regu- 
larly to  expend  the  trifling  sum  required 
for  ensuring  constant  access  to  so  sug- 
gestive  and  so  benevolent  a  book. 

We  have  read,  and  recur  to  it,  again  and 
again,  with  exceeding  great  respect— not 
for  its  cleverness  merely,  though  very 
clever  it  certainly  is,  but  for  the  uniform 
predominance  given  to  religious  and  moral 
agency.  Not  without  apprehension  have 
we  watched  the  workings  of  Government 
Inspection.  It  cannot  be  denied  that  there 
is  a  danger  from  the  continued  stimulus, — 
the  artificial  position,  in  short,  in  which 
these  young  teachers  find  themselves.  And 
then  it  is  unquestionable  that  our  inspec- 
tors have  a  task  of  the  greatest  difficulty 
before  them.  We  think  too  seriously  of 
the  character  of  the  true  Educator  (a  man 
appearing  hardly  more  than  once  or  twice 
in  an  age)  not  to  have  many  misgivings  as 
to  the  mode  iu  which  some  worthy,  well- 
informed,  but  rather  common-place,  minds 
may  perform  their  task.  Of  necessity 
they  must  be  guided  in  a  great  measure 
by  what  is  set  down  for  them  in  the 
Minutes  of  Council.  A  system  has  to  be 
pursued  from  year  to  year,  and  the  suc- 
cessful performances  of  the  pupil  teachers, 
and  the  masters  and  mistresses  also,  when 
they  come  up  for  examination,  must  be 
measured  by  the  standard  there  laid  down. 
Of  course  character  is  inquired  into  and 
reported  on,  but  proficiency  in  head  know- 
ledge,— such  a  proficiency  as  tells  in  an  ex- 

under  training  will  here  see  what  kind  of 
management  will  be  required  in  schools  of 
this  most  osoal  kind. 


amination, — is  the  chief  that  an  inspector 
can  know  about  them.  We  have  certainly 
seen  some  very  bad  teadiers,  ruling  over, 
or  rather  mis-ruling,  m(^  undisciplined 
schools,  who  had  3pet  passed  extremdiy  < 
well  themselves.  There  is  also  another 
danger  in  inspected  schools :  from  one  visit 
to  another,  what  will  enable  the  pupil 
teachers  to  carry  their  point,  and  get  their 
sti{>ends,  is  apt  to  be  too  constantly  before 
them;  and  we  think  it  requires  great  watch- 
fulness to  prevent  the  school,  the  forward- 
ness of  which  is  one  of  the  tests  of  pro- 
gress, being  tampered  with  in  any  respect. 
There  are  always  temptations  enough  to 
teachers  to  make  too  much  of  clever,  for* 
ward  children — the  difficulty  is  to  bring 
forward  the  slow  ones.  It  is  scarcely  pos- 
sible that  an  inspector  can  see  the  whole 
in  a  quiet  natural  state,  and  there  is  rea- 
son to  fear  that  the  poor -spirited  ones  will 
be  depressed,  while  the  confident  and  easy 
will  he  roused  to  special  but  partial  exer- 
tion. All  this  is  said  not  in  the  least  with 
a  view  to  disparaging  the  great  boon  of 
government  inspection,  but  merely  to 
point  out  the  necessity  it  entails  on  the 
conscientious  teacher  and  the  patrons,  of 
maintaining  inviolate  their  own  ideas  of 
what  is  of  primary  importance  in  cduca* 
tion,  while  yet  tiiey  endeavour  to  make 
the  best  use  of  the  intellectual  stimulus 
afforded.  We  thank  Government  for  all 
it  does  now  and  may  do  for  national  edu- 
cation, but  we  place  our  strongest  hopes  in 
the  power  which  Government  cannot  create, 
but  only  assist.  How  true  it  is  that  every 
where  there  are  minds  to  work  if  they  did 
but  know  their  vocation  1  "  Every  one 
who  honestly  looks  for  it  will  find  some- 
thing peculiarly  his  own — sometliing  which 
no  one  else  is  either  placed  in  circum- 
stances, or  endowed  with  qualities,  to  do 
equally  well.  Therein  lies  his  proper 
work,  noble  and  beautiful  because  it  is 
his  own;  ♦  ♦  ♦  but  we  miss  the  duty  that 
belongs  to  us  for  want  of  simplicity  of 
mind,  from  ignorance  of  ourselves,  and  a 
restless  ambition  to  be  what  we  are  not.'' 
It  is  in  the  vigilant  superintendence  of 
what  is  done  and  doing  in  education  that 
the  duty  of  many  persons  seems  to  lie* 
Some  want  the  talent  of  teaching,  and 
some  are  bad  servants  to  a  system,  who 
yet  intuitively  see  what  is  needed,  and 
point  the  way  to  that  which  underlies 
all  systems.  If  surh  are  wise,  they  wiU 
be  scrupulously  careful  of  pronouncing 
discouraging  words,  even  when  they  see 
much  mistake.  The  bare  fact  that  kindly 
intercourse  is  taking  place  between  the 
rich  and  poor,  should  be  hailed  as  a  good, 
for  every  thing  that  savours  of  brother- 
hood is  to  be  prized  for  its  own  sake,  and 
to  be  fostered  as  the  germ  of  what  wiU 


64 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Jan. 


hereafter  expand  and  cover  the  land,  we 
trust,  with  its  precious  fruits. 

Recurring  again  to  the  **  Papers  for  the 
Schoolmaster,**  let  us  instance  such  re- 
'  marks  as  those  headed  **  My  Children,*' 
p.  101,  which  seem  to  us  to  he  leavened 
with  exactly  the  leave u  we  want.  Here 
the  end  is  held  up  as  it  ought  to  be  ;  the 
"  Examination,'*  the  "  Studies,"  the 
**  Training  College,"  the  "  Certificate," 
have  had  their  day,  but  these  are  the 
things  left  behind ;  and  now,  for  what 
have  the  teacher's  garnered  stores  been 
collected,  for  what  has  his  mind  been 
opened  and  disciplined,  but  for  **  The 
Children?"  The  Christian  teacher  has 
not  merely  to  give  lessons,  he  has  to  mould 
characters.     Prosperity  be  with  him  ! 

Libri  Veieria  Testamenii  Apocryphi 
Greece,  %vo.  pp.  155. — This  edition  of  the 
Greek  Apocrypha  belonged  originally  to 
Valpy's  Septuagint,  and,  not  being  inter- 
mixed with  the  Books  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment (as  had  been  done  by  Grabe  and 
Breitinger)  its  convenience  has  enabled 
Mr.  Bagster  to  re-issue  it  in  a  separate 
form.  Such  a  volume  has  long  been  want- 
ing in  this  country,  though  in  Germany 
there  was  the  edition  of  Hencke  (1711) 
with  an  introduction,  and  another  printed 
at  Halle  in  1749,  from  the  text  of  Breit- 
inger's  LXX.  besides  the  several  publica- 
tions of  Fabricius.  It  does  not,  of  course, 
contain  the  Second  Book  of  Esdras,  which 
is  not  extant  in  Greek ;  but  it  is  more 
valuable  than  the  English  editions,  as  it 
includes  the  Third  Book  of  the  Macca- 
bees, which,  in  point  of  history,  is  the 
first f  as  it  relates  to  the  persecution  of  the 
Jews  by  Ptolemy  Philopator.*  Of  the 
Apocrypha,  Mr.  Cecil  justly  remarks  in 
his  Remains,  as  an  illustration  of  man's 
being  fond  of  extremes,  that  •'  The  Papist 
puts  the  Apocrypha  into  his  Canon — the 
Protestant  will  scarcely  regard  it  as  an 
ancient  record."  A  fair  summary  of  its 
uses  is  given  by  Dr.  Pye  Smith  in  his 
**  Scripture  Testimony,"  (vol.  i.  p.  351)  : 
"As  a  collection  of  the  most  ancient 
Jewish  records  next  to  the  inspired  books, 
as  documents  of  history,  as  lessons  of  pru- 
dence and  often  of  piety,  and  as  elucidating 
the  phraseology  of  the  New  Testament, 
the  Greek  Apocrypha  well  deserves  the 
frequent  perusal  of  scholars,  and  especially 
theological  students. ' '  Lightfoot,  indeed, 
in  his  •*  Rules  for  a  Student,"  (Works, 
vol.  ii.  p.  9,  8vo.)  prefers  the  Talmud,  but 
he  is  naturally  partial  to  the  field  of  his  pe- 
culiar labours.     For  particulars  respecting 

*  The^rc  Books  of  the  Maccabees  have 
been  edited  in   English   by  Dr.  Cotton, 
whose  services  to  literature  are  numerous. 
8 


editors  of  separate  books,  we  must  refer 
the  reader  to  Harless,  "  Brevior  Notitia 
Literature  Grsecse,"  Leipzig,  1812,  p. 
647-652  ;  to  Dr.  Adam  Clarke's  "  Suc- 
cession of  Sacred  Literature,"  vol.  i. ;  and 
to  the  *'  Biblioth^que  Sacr^^e"  of  M. 
Nodier,  Paris,  1826.  Copious  analyses 
of  the  several  books,  and  lists  of  commen- 
tators down  to  that  time,  will  be  found  in 
"the  Enchiridion  Biblicum "  of  J.  H. 
Heidegger,  Zurich,  1703.t  Since  then  a 
revival  has  taken  place  of  the  use  of  the 
Apocrypha,  *•  quum  superori  sseculo  dog- 
matuth  historia  eximio  tractari  inciperet 
studio,"  as  M.  Bertheau  observes,  in  a 
Thesis  on  the  Second  Book  of  the  Macca- 
bees, delivered  at  Gottingen  in  1829  (p.  5). 
It  is  on  the  Maccabees  that  the  value  of 
the  Apocrypha  chiefly  rests,  as,  notwith- 
standing their  blemishes,  they  furnish  ma- 
terials for  Syro-Judfsan  history  which  no 
profane  authors  exist  to  supply.  Dr. 
Gillies,  who  has  made  considerable  use  of 
them  in  his  "  History  of  the  World,"  con- 
trasts their  **  sublime  brevity  "  in  1  Mace. 
c.  i.  62,  63,  with  the  "  Greek  eloquence 
of  Josephus  "  (i.  464 ,  note  19).  Again, 
at  p.  468,  note  28,  he  says,  '*  In  the  Apo- 
crypha the  wars  of  the  Jews  are  described 
with  primitive  simplicity.  Josephus  uses 
the  terms  of  Greek  tactics,  but  is  not 
more  informing."  But  the  Doctor's  bold 
assumption  that  the  narrative  in  2  Mace. 
c.  i.  relates  to  the  death  of  Anliochus 
Sidetea  has  not  been  adopted  by  subse- 
quent writers.  The  expression  a-vyyturjs 
in  2  Mace.  xi.  1,  which  is  translated  *'the 
king's  cousin,"  has  been  happily  explained 
by  Letronne  to  be  a  mere  title,  •*  just  as  in 
Portugal  and  France  every  peer  is  called 
mon  cousin.'*  (See  Niebuhr's  Lectures 
on  Ancient  History,  vol.  iii.  p.  456.)  The 
historical  value  of  the  **  Maccabees " 
formed  the  subject  of  a  controversy  in  the 
last  century,  in  which  the  two  Werns- 
doHTs  were  engaged  with  Froelich  and 
Michaelis.  The  title  of  one  of  the  volumes 
produced  by  it  is  quite  a  curiosity,  "  prop- 
ter singularem  humanitatem,"  as  Boyle, 
the  antagonist  of  Bentley,  would  have  said : 
••  Auctoritas  utriusque  libri  Maccabseo- 
num  canonico-historica  asserta,  et  Froeli- 
chiani  annates  defensi  adversus  commenta- 
tionem  Gottlieb  Wernsdorfii,  cujus  inania 
et  offuciee  passim  deteguntur,  a  quodam 
societatis  Jesus  sacerdote."  Viennee  Aus- 
trisB,  1749.  A  writer  who  adopted  this 
style  was  right  to  appear  anonymously. 
To  this  writer  M.  Bertheau  probably 
alludes,  and  as  civilly  as  he  deserved. 
"  Studuit  quidem  monachus  iste,  qui 
Wernsdorfii   refutandi    suscepit    proviu- 

t  The  copy  of  this  work  now  before  us 
belonged  to  the  Duke  of  Sussex. 


18530 


fiscellaneous  J^eviewt, 


65 


^iam,    ftAdqQajn    rationetn    (chronology) 

defendere,  ted*  quod  Tideo*  oe  tantillum 

^qiudem   protulit,  quod   Weraitd,  dcmon- 

atrationem  rejiccret/*     (p»  45),     We  Imve 

\  not  entered  into  the  reasoDs  whicb  have 

icanaed  the  Apocrjrphal  Books  to  he  re- 

I  jected  from  the  Canon,  as  they  are  familiar 

I  even  to  jumor  etiidents  in  Bibliology,   If, 

However,    a   particular   reference  on  Chit 

aubject  it  desirable,  the  reader  will  find 

it  treated  in  the  vrorka  of  Lightlbot  und 

Dr.  Pye  Smith  already  quoted. 


Tht  New  Biblical  Atlas  and  Scripture 
Gaztitcer.     Imp.  8«o.  pp,  96. — We  cer- 
tainly live  in  an  age  of  literary  aiixiliaries* 
Burmannt  a  century  agu^  enumerated  aids 
for  the  student,  in  no  less  than  eight  lines, 
beginning  "  Lexica  cum  glosais  "  (Pms- 
mata,  174G,  p,  39),  but  what  would  be 
\  Maid  to  those  with  which  we  are  now  sur- 
rounded ?      Formerly,  when   such  helps 
were  fewer,  eminent  scholars  were  formed, 
because  they  had  to  toil  after  the  prize,  on 
^tlie  principle  inculcated  in   the  fable  of 
I  •*  The  Farmer  and  his  Sons,*'  the  moral 
[of  wbiob  is,  that  "  Industry  is  itself  a 
Now   helps   are  become  so 
I  numeroui  a^  to  make  ignorance  the  ex* 
ception,  and  we  will  hope  the  beat  for  the 
result^  as  the  intellectual  tendency  of  the 
age  has   extinguished    the    Sullen»f   the 
Westerns,   the  Brutes,    and    the  Tnilli- 
bers,  of  whom  our  grandfathers  could  tell 
kna.    The  Introduction  to  the  "  New  Bibli- 
ical  Atlas  *'  informs  u$,  that  it  is  designed 
k  as  an  improvement  on  a  former  work,  pub- 
[lished  by  the  Religious  Tract  Society  in 
1 1640,   now  that  a  considerable   advance 
l«liai  been   made   In   Bibltcal  Geography. 
Tlie  prlDcipal  guide  for  this  work  is  the 
Bibet  Atian  of  Heinrich  Keipert,  of  Ber- 
.  lin,  who  executed  the  maps,  and  wrote  the 
bflccompanying  memoir,  for  Dr.  Robinson^t 
l'*«  Biblical    Researches    in    Palestine."* 
T  Other  authorities  hufe    also  been   con- 
^«ultcd,  andtbe  *'  Physical  Map ''  (No.  ljc.) 
is  constructed  expressly,  by  Petermann, 
for  tliia  work.     Descriptive  notices  of  the 
Jewish  Tabernacle  and  Temple  are  added 
|.ti>  those  of  the  maps.     The  literary  por* 
Ition  of  the  work  is  compiled  from  Eurck* 
Hiardt,  Wilson,  Bartb,  Kitto,  Sec,     It  cou- 
I  tuns  twelve  maps,  with  the  aforesaid  de- 
licriptioos,  and  an  Index  or  '^  Gazetteer  ^* 
(as  be  term  now  in  vogue  h),  rtiferring 
'"  Dth  to  passages  in  Scripture  and   to  the 
Dapt.     It  is  altogether  a  comprehensive, 
lenil^  and  elegant  volume. 


Adams's   Parliamentary  Handbook, — 
The  ^st  Part  consiists  of  a  concise  List  of 

*  For  a  review  of  this  work,  see  Geot. 
lag.  Oct.  le4l,p.  402. 
Gmmt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX 


Peers,  in  alphabetical  order,  with  their 
connexion  a,  seats,  and  town  residences* 
The  Second  Part  contains  the  Constituency, 
Population,  and  number  of  Electors  of , 
each  Place,  with  the  Polls  at  the  kst  Elec- 
tions i  and  the  names  of  the  Membera, 
their  families,  oonnexlons,  seats,  and  town 
residences,  all  very  conveniently  arranged. 
For  mnny  of  the.  longer  notices  the  Editor 
is  iiidt^bted  to  the  members  themselves; 
and  ibis  forms  the  most  interesting  por- 
tion of  the  work,  particularly  at  the  com> 
meneement  of  this  Parliament,  which  con- 
tains 80  many  new  members. 


Paems.  By  B.  R,  Park es.— We  arc  en- 
couraged to  say  a  few  words  of  thb  volume, 
less  from  what  it  accomplishes  than  for 
what  it  promises.  Whether  the  author 
pursues  the  path  on  which  she  here  enters, 
or  carries  the  same  earnest  spirit  Into 
Miction,  or  into  some  work  of  more  cod- 
tinuoua  thought,  we  believe  she  will  do 
something  well  hereafter.  But  in  order  to 
this,  she  must  not  allow  herself  to  be  mis- 
led by  admiration  for  modern  models. 
Mrs.  Browning  in  this  way  is  an  unsafe 
guide.  We  do  not  mean  to  say  that  any 
one  poem  in  thb  collection  is  distinctly 
imitative,  except  in  so  far  as  a  gcnt>ral 
turn  of  thought  and  a  fonduess  for  irregu- 
larity of  metre  may  be  reckoned  so.  Bat 
the  peculiarity  in  Mrs.  Browning,  which 
renders  her  able  to  deal  with  every  sort  of 
measure,  is  her  exquisite  ear.  In  this  it 
is  plain  that  very  few  can  vie  with  her. 
We  have  another  and  more  important 
reason  for  liking  carefully  constructed 
ver*e, — that  wc  believe  the  thought  gene- 
rally comes  out  more  clearly  in  the  pro- 
cess. The  most  harmonious  verse  is  in- 
variably the  most  iuteUif^ible  j  while  faulty 
lines  most  frequently  accompany  a  lesa 
understandable  thought.  We  are  told  that 
Miss  Parkes  is  a  young  authoress.  We 
therefore  hope  she  will  go  on  and  prosper, 
uniting  simplicity  of  cipreaaion  with  ge- 
nerous and  expansive  thought  and  feeling. 


The  Life  and  Correspondence  of  John 
Foster.  By  J.  E.  Ryland,  M,A,  Vol,  L 
Pott  8t»d.  (BoA»'«  Standard  Library.) — 
A  copious  review  of  this  work  appeared 
in  our  Magazine  for  August,  1846.  Our 
reviewer  then  observed  that  as  a  writer 
Mr.  Foster  '*  must  be  allowed  to  stand  in 
the  first  rank  of  those  who,  in  the  present 
age.  have  been  distinguished  for  originality 
of  conception  and  elegance  of  language.*' 
We  need  now  only  add  that  Mr,  Ryhmd 
(whose  name  is  associated  with  tlie  ac- 
quaintance of  Hall  as  well  as  Foster)  has 
undertaken  this  work  under  ilie  most  ad- 
sjintageous  circumstances  for  a  biographer. 
its  republication  in  a  more  popular  form 


66 


MiiOillaneotu  JReviewi- 


[Jan. 


is  Dot  only  a  proof  of  iti  value,  but  oon- 
feri  a  boon  on  many  readers,  within  whose 
reach  it  ii  permanently  brought.  Such  a 
biography  ought  not  to  pass  off  in  the 
rapid  circulation  of  book  societies  ;  for  an 
occasional  recurrence  to  it  will  tend  to 
fertilise  the  mind  of  attentive  and  reflect- 
ing readers. 

The  Poetical  Remains  of  William  Sid- 
ney Walker,  formerly  Fellow  qf  TVinily 
College,  Cambridge,  Edited,  with  a  Me- 
moir of  the  Author,  by  the  Rev.  G.  Moul- 
trie, A.M. — This  volume,  though  small  in 
size  and  little  attractive  to  common  readers, 
cannot  be  passed  over  by  us  without  the 
notice,  due  to  the  genius  and  learning  of 
the  unhappy  subject  of  it.  Those  who 
knew  the  deceased  will  be  gratified  and 
pleased  with  so  judicious  and  kind  a  record 
of  their  lost  friend ;  and  those  who  did 
not,  will  be  struck  by  a  singular  and  re- 
markable portrait,  the  attraction  of  which 
will  not  be  soon  or  easily  removed  from 
their  mind. 

William  SidneyWalker  was  bom  at  Pem- 
broke, in  South  Wales,  4  Dec.  1795,  and 
named  after  his  godfather  Sir  W.  Sidney 
Smith.  He  was  descended  by  his  grand- 
mother from  the  old  Milncrs  of  the  North, 
and  therefore  from  the  historian  of  the 
Church.  He  was  born  almost  blind,  but  was 
BO  far  restored  to  sight  by  Mr.  Ware,  that 
a  dim  speck  in  each  eye  alone  remained. 
His  father  died  in  1811.  Sidney  was 
placed  first  at  Doncaster  School,  then  at 
Forest  Hill,  and  lastly  at  Eton.  To  defray 
the  expenses  of  the  education  of  her  son 
his  mother  received  a  few  young  ladies  to 
educate.  Sidney  distinguished  himself  at 
Eton  by  exemplary  conduct  and  high  clas- 
sical attainments,  obtained  many  prizes, 
and  two  scholarships,  before  he  went  to 
Cambridge,  where  he  soon  became  emi- 
nent, being  a  Trinity  Scholar,  then  gaining 
the  Person  Prize,  then  a  Craven  Scholar, 
and,  lastly,  a  Fellow  of  Trinity  College. 
His  application  and  memory  were  extraor- 
dinary ;  he  could  repeat  every  line  of  Ho- 
mer by  rote ;  and,  induced  by  a  jocular 
remark  of  Sir  James  Macintosh,  he  turned 
a  page  of  the  Court  Guide  into  Greek  verse. 
This  is  the  light  side  of  the  picture;  but 
the  shadows  lie  very  darkly  over  the  other. 
The  many  peculiarities  of  his  person, 
manners,  and  dress,  excited  the  ridicule 
of  the  boys  at  Eton,  and  there  was  nothing 
oon dilatory  in  his  conduct  towards  them. 
This  ended  in  a  regular  and  permanent 
eyetem  qf  unrelenting  persecution,  and  the 
conclusion  to  which  his  attached  and 
friendly  editor  arrives  is,  that  **  from  his 
peculiarities  he  was  entirely  un/U  to  aaeo- 
triate  with  echoolbuye  in  general.  Hence 
he  amused  himself  (for  some  suushine 


was  left  amid  the  storms)  by  writing  satires, 
epigrams,  and  other  light  effusions,  and, 
lastly,  by  an  epic  poem  called  Gustavus 
Vasa,  the  four  first  books  of  which  were 
published  by  subscription  in  1813,  when 
he  was  seventeen  years  old. 

While  at  Trinity  Collejge  he  attached  him- 
self to  Mr.  Simeon's  section  of  the  Church  of 
England ;  but  this  was  only  for  a  time,  and 
was  succeeded  by  a  kind  of  scepticiem, 
which  accompanied  him  through  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life.  The  account  which  his 
biographer  gives  of  his  state  of  mind,  his 
views,  hopes,  and  his  desires,  after  he  had 
honourably  obtained  his  fellowship,  and  of 
their  inconopatibility  with  the  desirable 
situation  afforded  by  that  (to  him)  safe 
refuge  and  harbour  from  all  the  disquiets 
of  life,  is  full  of  painful  interest;  indeed,  he 
seemed  under  the  influence  of  an  evil  fate, 
and  from  the  time  this  most  desirable  fellow- 
ship was  obtained,  he  had  no  distinct  ob^ 
ject  or  occupation  in  life,  he  chose  no  pro- 
fession, he  engaged  in  no  regular  course 
of  study,  and  he  was  only  engaged  in 
petty  and  trivial  employments.  **  He  will 
live  all  his  life  (said  one  who  knew  him 
well)  a  bookseller's  drudge,  and  at  last  be 
run  over  and  killed  by  a  hackney  coach, 
while  passing  from  one  shop  to  another." 
After  a  few  years,  to  the  astonishment 
of  his  friends,  he  was  found  to  be  hope- 
lessly  and  deeply  in  debt ;  and  what  makes 
the  matter  more  extraordinary,  this  is  sup- 
posed to  be  incurred,  to  a  considerable 
extent,  for  female  swindlers,  who  obtained 
an  extraordinary  influence  over  him. 

In  1814  he  stood  unsuccessfully  for  the 
Greek  Professorship.  In  1829,  from  some 
scruples  concerning  the  doctrine  of  eter- 
nal punishment,  which  his  friends  could 
not  remove,  he  resigned  his  fellowship,  as 
it  could  not,  according  to  the  rules  of  the 
college,  be  held  for  any  longer  time  by  a 
layman.  With  this  resignation,  as  is  re- 
marked, **  he  unhesitatingly  resigned  hope 
of  future  independence,  and  almost  all 

? revision  even  for  present  subsistence." 
n  1830  his  pecuniary  embarrassments 
were  fearfully  great  and  pressing;  he  owed 
i^300  to  Cambridge  tradesmen,  without 
any  means  of  paying  them ;  and  he  informs 
his  friend  Mr.  Praed  that  he  has  experi- 
enced a  slight  disorder  of  the  faculties. 
By  this  generous  and  kind  friend  he  was 
instantly  relieved,  his  debts  were  paid, 
52/.  a  year  was  secured  to  him  for  life,  to 
which  Trinity  College  added  30/.  more. 
On  this  income  he  subsisted  till  his  death. 
During  the  last  sixteen  years  of  his  life 
he  occupied  garrets,  or  some  such  miser- 
able rooms,  in  some  court  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  St.  James's,  with  occasional 
visits  to  his  friends. 
We  must,  however,  draw  to  a  close  this 


1858.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


67 


singularly  painful  history,  yet  not  without 
once  more  quoting  a  passage  from  the 
Life,  without  which  we  should  leave  an  im- 
perfect impression  on  the  reader  of  the 
whole  of  Sidney  Walker's  character.  *  *  He 
now  began  to  be  sensitively  conscious  of 
the  singularity  of  his  appearance,  and, 
imagining  that  all  eyes  were  fixed  upon 
him  whenever  he  went  abroad,  he  would 
confine  himself  to  his  solitary  room  for 
weeks  together.  His  sense  of  hearing 
became  so  morbidly  acute  that  even  in  the 
country,  and  much  more  in  London,  he 
vraa  fain  to  stop  his  ears  with  cotton, 
and,  finding  that  insufficient,  even  with 
kneaded  crumbt  of  bread.  On  a  particular 
occasion  he  called  upon  a  medical  friend 
at  ten  in  the  morning  with  a  complaint 
that  his  head  had  been  crushed  flat  with 
the  wheel  of  a  waggon.  Vet  amidst  these 
hallueinatioM  hie  intellect  still  retained 
all  its  original  vigour  and  aculeness,  and  he 
was  pursuing  studies  and  producing  works 
from  which  he  anticipated,  and  his  friends 
may  be  allowed  to  anticipate  on  his  behaff, 
the  eventual  reputation  qf  a  Herman  or  a 
Parson  in  English  literature.'*  In  1846 
he  was  found  suffering  under  an  attack  of 
the  stone,  which  became  incurable,  and  he 
died  at  his  lodgings  in  St.  James's  Place, 
in  the  autumn  of  that  year,  his  last  days 
being  solaced  by  the  kindness  and  sym- 
pathy of  Mr.  Derwent  Coleridge,  his 
friend  of  five- and- twenty  years,  whose 
interesting  record  of  those  few  last  days  of 
life  close  the  narrative.  All  we  now  have 
room  for  is  a  specimen  or  two  from  the 
poetry  of  the  volume,  which  fully  supports 
the  character  given  by  the  Editor  of  the 
talents  of  his  friend,  whatever  may  be  its 
efiect  upon  the  general  mind  of  the  public* 

STANZAS. 

This  poem  was  written  simultaneously 
with  another  by  the  late  Mr.  William  M. 
Praed,  the  two  poets  sitting  side  by  side 
and  rhyming  in  friendly  rivalry.  Mr. 
Fraed's  poem  is  subjoined  by  the  Editor. 
A  chain  is  on  my  spirit's  wings 

When  through  the  crowded  town  I  fare, 
Spell-like  the  present  round  me  clings, 

A  blinding  film,  a  stifling  air. 

But  when  amid  the  relics  lone 

Of  other  days,  I  wander  free. 
My  spirit  feels  its  fetters  flown, 

And  soars  in  joy  and  liberty. 

Fresh  airs  blow  on  me  from  the  past, 
Stretch'd  out  above  me  like  a  sky. 


*  We  must  add  that  voluminous  notes 
on  Shakspere  by  Sidney  Walker,  are  in  the 
hands  of  Mr.  W.  N.  Lettsom,  and  a  large 
mass  of  miscellaneous  criticism  is  waiting 
for  an  editor. 


Its  starry  dome,  mysterious,  vast, 
Satiates  my  soul's  capacio^is  eye. 

I  hear  the  deep,  the  sea-like  roar 

Of  human  ages  billowing  on, 
No  living  voice,  no  breeze,  no  oar, 

One  awful  sound  is  heard  alone. 
I  feel  the  secret,  wondrous  tie 

Of  fellowship  with  ages  fled ; 
Warm  as  with  man,  but  pure  and  high, 

As  with  the  sacred,  changeless  dead. 

Whate'er  they  felt,  whatever  they  wrought 
Appear,  sublim'd  from  earthly  stains ; 

What  transient  was  is  lost  to  thought. 
What  cannot  die  alone  remains. 

What  are  our  woes  ?  the  pain,  the  fear 
That  gloom   the  world,   of  time   and 
change  ? 

No  low-bom  thought  can  enter  here. 
No  hope  that  has  a  bounded  range. 

Thou  good  unseen  1  thou  endless  end  1 
Last  goal  of  hope,  last  bourn  of  love  I 

To  thee  these  sleepless  yearnings  tend, 
These  views  beyond,  these  flights  above* 

Past  time,  past  space,  the  spirit  flings 
Its  giant  arms  in  search  of  thee ; 

It  will  not  rest  in  bounded  things. 
Its  freedom  is  infinity. 

HOW  CAN  I  SING  ? 

How  can  I  sing  ?  all  power,  all  good, 

The  high  designs  and  hopes  of  yore, 
Knowledge,  and  faith,  and  love — the  food 

That  fed  the  fire  of  song — are  o'er. 
And  I,  in  darkness  and  alone. 

Sit  cowering  o'er  the  embers  drear. 
Remembering  how  of  old  it  shone, 

A  light  to  guide — a  warmth  to  cheer. 
Oh  !  when  shall  care  and  strife  be  o'er, 

And  torn  affection  cease  to  smart  ? 
And  peace  and  love  return  once  more 

To  cheer  a  sad  and  restless  heart  ? 
The  lamp  of  hope  is  quench'd  in  night, 

And  dull  is  friendship's  soul-bright  eye. 
And  quenched  the  hearth  of  home  delight. 

And  mute  the  voice  of  phantasy. 
I  seek  for  comfort  all  in  vain, 

I  fly  to  shadows  for  relief. 
And  call  old  fancies  back  again. 

And  breathe  on  pleasure's  wither'd  leaf. 
In  vain  for  days  gone  by  I  mourn. 

And  feebly  murmur  o'er  and  o'er 
My  fretful  lay — Return,  return ; 

Alas  1  the  dead  return  no  more. 

It  may  not  be, — my  lot  of  thrall 
Was  dealt  me  by  a  mightier  hand  ; 

The  grief  that  came  not  at  my  call 
Will  not  depart  at  my  command. 

Then  ask  me  not,  sweet  friend,  to  wake 
The  harp  so  dear  to  thee  of  yore  ; 

Wait  till  the  clouds  of  sorrow  break. 
And  I  can  hope  and  love  once  more* 


68 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[Jan. 


When  pain  has  done  its  part  assigned, 

And  set  the  chastened  spirit  free, 
My  heart  once  more  a  voice  shall  find, 
And  its  first  notes  be  pour'd  for  thee. 
We  thought  of  giving  a  specimen  from 
the  few  Latin  poems,  which  are  classical 
and  elegant;  though  in  the  Alcaic  Ode 
which  closes  the  volume — **  Qualem  in  pro- 
fundi gurgitibus  Maris" — a  severe  critic 
might  find  some  laws  of  metre  not  strictly 
complied  with.     Yet  perhaps  our  readers 
generally  will  be  more  pleased  with  the 
beginning  of  the  thirteenth  Iliad,  translated 
in  Walter  Scott's  ballad  and  romance  style 
of  execution. 

I. 
From  Ida's  peak  high  Jove  beheld 
The  tumults  of  the  battle  field, 

The  fortune  of  the  fight ; 
He  marked  where  by  the  ocean  flood 
Stout  Hector  with  his  Trojans  stood, 
And  mingled  in  the  strife  of  blood 

Achaia's  stalwart  might. 
He  saw,  and  turned  his  sun-bright  eyes 
Where  Thrace's  snow-capped  mountains 
rise 

Above  her  pastures  fair  ; 
Where  Mysians,  fear'd  in  battle  fray, 
With  far-famed  Hippemolgians  stray, — 

A  race  remote  from  care. 
Unstain'd  by  fraud,  unstain'd  by  blood. 
The  milk  of  mares  their  simple  food, — 
Thither  his  sight  the  god  inclines, 
Nor  turns  to  view  the  shifting  lines 

Commix'd  in  fight  afar  ; 
He  deem'd  not,  he,  that  heavenly  right 
Would  swell  the  bands  of  either  fight 

When  he  forbade  the  war. 

II. 
Not  so  the  monarch  of  the  deep  ; 
On  Samothrace*s  topmost  steep 

The  great  Earth-shaker  stood. 
Whose  cloudy  summit  view'd  afar 
The  crowded  tents,  the  mingling  war, 
The  navy  dancing  on  the  tide, 
The  leaguer'd  town,  the  hills  of  Ide, 

And  all  the  scene  of  blood. 
There  stood  he,  and  with  grief  surveyed 
The  Greeks  by  adverse  Jove  outweigh'd. 
He  bann'd  the  Thunderer's  partial  will. 
And  hastened  down  the  craggy  hill. 

III. 
Down  the  steep  mountain  slope  he  sped. 
The  mountain  rock'd  beneath  his  tread. 
And  trembling  wood  and  echoing  cave 
Sign  of  immortal  presence  gave. 
Three  strides  athwart  the  pUin  he  took. 
Three  times  the  plain  beneath  him  shook ; 

The  fourth  rcach'd  Agoe's  watery  strand, 
Where,  far  beneath  the  green  sea  foam. 
Was  built  the  monarch's  palace  home, 
Distinct  with  golden  spire  and  dome, 

And  doomed  for  aye  to  stand. 


He  enters  ;  to  the  car  he  reins 
His  brass-hoofed  steeds,   whose    golden 
manes 

A  stream  of  glory  cast ; 
His  golden  lash  he  forward  bends. 
Arrayed  in  gold  the  car  ascends. 

And,  swifter  than  the  blast. 
Across  the  expanse  of  ocean  wide, 

Untouched  by  waves,  it  pass'd. 
The  waters  of  the  glassy  tide 
Joyful  before  its  course  divide. 

Nor  round  the  axle  press  ; 
Around  its  wheels  the  dolphins  play. 
Attend  the  chariot  on  its  way. 

And  their  great  lord  confess. 

Such  are  some  of  the  few  relics,  now 
collected  by  the  hand  of  friendship,  of 
a  most  accomplished  mind,  which,  under 
milder  fate,  might  have  given  to  the  world 
the  richest  fruits  of  its  knowledge,  learning, 
and  genius.  Yet  even  this  little  volume 
is  sufficient  to  give  measure  of  better  and 
greater  things,  that  might  have  been,  and, 
alas  I  which  are  not.  To  the  Editor,  who 
has  so  faithfully  gathered  up  the  scattered 
relics  of  his  departed  friend,  and  pre- 
sented us  with  a  memoir  showing  at  once 
the  judgment  of  a  scholar  and  the  feelings 
of  a  friend,  our  thanks  are  justly  due. 


The  Monthly  Volume,  I^o.  56.  Good 
Health,  ISmo.  pp.  192.— The  contents  of 
this  volume  exceed  its  pretensions.  The 
entire  title  will  best  indicate  them.  "  Good 
Health  :  the  possibility,  duty,  and  means, 
of  obtaining  and  keeping  it.''  Pythagoras, 
or  whoever  was  the  author  of  the  "  Golden 
"Verses'*  which  go  by  his  name,  inculcates 
the  same  lesson  :  Corporis  inter ea  nun- 
quam  contemne  salutem,  (Grotius'  trans- 
lation, I.  32.)  And  Heeren  admits  it  as  a 
fact,  that  he  prescribed  "  a  certain  manner 
of  life,  which  was  distinguished  by  a  most 
cleanly  but  not  luxurious  clothing,  a  re- 
gular diet,"  Ac.  (Political  History  of 
Greece,  p.  245.)  We  have  no  doubt  that 
this  attention  to  health  was  one  of  the 
causes  of  the  eminence  to  which  his  fol- 
lowers attained.  And  if  we  now  meet 
sometimes  with  exceptions,  they  ought  to 
be  regarded  as  such,  and  not  as  models, 
which  is  one  of  the  worst  delusions  in 
bodily  ethics.  The  author  of  this  little 
volume,  who  evidently  understands  the 
subject  well,  says,  **  These  pages  are  in- 
tended to  furnish  individuals  with  practical 
suggestions."  (p.  5B.)  Thu  medicina  men- 
tiu  has  not  been  omitted,  but  treated  as 
an  important  part  of  the  subject.  When 
so  much  information  on  a  topic  which  is 
necessary  to  all  is  comprised  in  so  small 
a  space,  neglect  becomes  doubly  blame- 
able.    This  volume  is  neither  intended  to 


18530 


Miscelianeous  Reviews* 


69 


supersede  the  pbTsiciaoT  Qor  to  make  per* 
Botift  alarmists,  but  to  promote  such  a  care 
of  ooe's  health  as  it  b  io  the  power  of 
eT?ery  body  to  observe.  It  would  be  an 
appropriate  present  for  persons  emigrating, 
or  entering  on  any  course  of  life  in  which 
the  preservation  of  health  becomes  pecu- 
liarly Dece&sary. 


Walks  aftwr    Wlid  Fhwert ;    or,    the 
BoioMy  of  the   Bohereena,     By  Richard 
Dowden  (Richard).     12mo. — The  paren- 
th^s  after  the  author's  name  implies,  as 
we  presume,   the  sijpiatore  under  which 
portions  of  this  volume  have  already  ap- 
ared  in  The  Cork  Magazine  and  in  The 
dvocate,  a  Dublin  joiirnah     The  Bohc- 
cns  are  the  green  lanes  in  the  neighbour- 
~bood  of  *'  the  beautiful  city  of  Cork," — 
**roadlcts"  as  the  word  may  be  trans- 
listed,  which   gire  shelter  to  plants,  and 
*ndly  iorite   the   botanical   visitor  who 
eka  their  intimacy.      The  little  hand- 
ok  they  have  suggested  is  filled  with 
Dtich  pleasant  gossip  about  the  beauties 
and  virtues  of  wild  plants,  forming  a  tissue 
of  itrange  (and  often  apocryphal)  etymo- 
logies, quaint  moralisms,  poetical  tjuota- 
tioDf,  and  all  sorts  of  hcterogenetius  allu- 
sions, amusing  withal,  but  compounded, 
perhaps,  with  too  much  recondite  learning 
for  *'  promiscuoui  "  leaders.     We  give  by 
Lway  of  specimen  what  the  author  terms 
Ilia  **  spicy  "    derivation  of   Mustard:  — 
^^Muitum  ardent  is  '  bnniing  hot  vinegar.' 
here  was  always  in  the  world's  surgical 
ffiractioe  some  method  of  eoutitcr-irrita- 
tioQ ;  St.  John  Long's  proceedings  were 
not  an  original  idolatry,  but  an  aggravated 
revival  of  ancient  practices,  for  we  find 
that  there  was  an    old  cure   made   with 
boiling  vinegar,  or  wine — for  both  were 
died   muti  —  and    adding   to   these    the 
owderof«inapi«made  the  mu9tum  ardcns. 
It  was  applied  as  a  cataplasm  when  boiling 
ot,  and  it  was  often  a  cure,  no  doubt ; 
Flmt  at  times  its  only  effect  was  to  '  scaud 
poor  wretches/     Thi^  eachariotic  wss,  in 
i  milder  form,  diverted  from  the  outside 
ho  the  inside  of  the  body,  and  was  taken 
Dy   flapdragon- drinkers,   and    other   lire- 
eaters,  as  u  dram ;  of  course  the  vinegar 
decreased  and  the  wine  and  ardent  spirits 
Lincreased,  in  this   mustum  ardens*      At 
lien gt hi  however,  it  settled  down  into  our 
able  mustard,  and  was  eaten ,  as  Tusser 
[tells  us,  with  everything  : 

^'  Brawn,  pudding,  and  BOUBCf 
And  good  mustard  with  alt*" 

To  thiii  day  some  housekeepers  make  their 
mustard  with  vinegar ;  atid  the  common 
dressing  for  cold  and  watery  salads — the 

|l»/fO-oeirf  of   old    cookery— is  mustard^ 

'filt^ond  vinegar/' 


Crufftitf*  Bomerie  Lirieon.  l2mo, — 
This  is  a  republication  of  an  American 
translation  of  the  original  German  work. 
As  an  account  of  the  Homeric  vocabulary, 
it  does  not  odd  much  to  what  English 
scholars  and  schoolboys  were  already  pot- 
seBsed  of  in  the  Dictionary  of  Fassflow,  at 
edited  and  enlarged  by  Messrs,  Liddell 
and  Scott.  In  some  respects  it  is,  how- 
ever, more  complete,  especially  in  the  ex- 
planations of  mythological  and  geogra- 
phical names,  Students  of  the  present 
day  have  a  great  advantage  in  having  at 
hand  such  assistances  to  the  comprehen- 
tton  of  ancient  authors  in  the  shape  of 
dictionaries  of  antiquities,  critical  manuals, 
and  lexicons,  as  enable  an  ordinary  scholar 
of  moderate  power  of  imagination  to  re- 
animate for  himself  the  heroic  time  in  a 
way  of  which  even  men  of  genius  of  a 
previous  generation  had  do  idea.  We  have 
here,  in  a  form  scarcely  larger  than  that 
of  the  pocket  dictionarios  so  essential  to 
the  students  of  modern  languages,  a  lexicon 
which  purportii  to  give  a  complete  critical 
account  of  every  word  used  in  the  Iliadi 
Odyiisey,  and  Homeric  Hymns.  As  far  as 
a  cursory  observation  will  enable  us  to 
determine,  the  lexicographer  seems  to  have 
futtiUed  hh  purpose  of  combining  iu  a 
small  compass,  by  the  aid  of  a  neat  print 
and  a  concise  style,  everything  necessary 
for  understanding  the  language  of  bis 
author. 


Thorpe-- a  guiei  Enffiiah  (ownt  and 
EnylUh  life  therein.  By  William  Mount* 
ford, — No  ordinary  book, — but  one  of  con- 
siderable power  of  thought  couched  in 
very  expressive  language.  The  characters 
are  not  nniforrnly  well  drawn,  and  the  nar- 
rative, slight  as  it  is,  wauUs  ihe  charm  of 
perfect  tiiraplieity  iu  the  telling,  but  it  is 
on  tbe  whole  Mr.  Mountford^s  best  written 
and  most  euggestive  book — and  this  is 
saying  much. 

SicJtnest  —  Ha  Trial*  and  Ble9iing§* 
Rhmgton^  3rd  «ffi7 ion .^- Among  what  are 
called  "  practical  '*  hooks  how  few  arc 
there  so  pathetically  practtcul  as  this  \ 
It  is  true  that  not  merely  the  healthy  but 
even  they  who  have  had  experience  of 
much  bodily  weakness  sod  infirmity,  will 
not  infallibly  appreciate  or  understand  it, 
for  it  requires^  the  dificipliuc  of  a  long 
loneliness,  the  quieturie  of  a  spirit  which 
has  passed  through  matiy  forms  of  sufl'er- 
ing,  totake  io  its  varied  toucisels,  and  feel 
its  sympathetic  power,  and  adopt  its 
humbling  yet  comforting  views.  It  is,  iu 
short,  the  touching  eoufesbion  of  a  scholar 
who  has  only  learned  slowly — as  all  must 
learn  whose  knowledge  ia  worth  the  hav- 
jug — ^lesBOQB   of  love  and  gratitude  due 


70 


Antiquarian  R^Beatches. 


[Jan. 


to  an  Almighty  Teacher.  We  haye  heard 
from  trembling  lips  high  testimonies  to 
its  yalue,  and  feel  that  no  where  can  a 
recommendation  of  such  a  work  be  out  of 
pUce. 


The  Pilgrima  of  New  England,  By 
Mrs.  J.  B.  Webb,  author  of  Naomif  8fc, 
— ^A  tale  compiled  from  good  authorities, 
and  pleasingly  told,  though  not  very  vi- 
gorous or  exciting. 

The  Barth  and  tie  Inhabiianti,  By 
Margaret  £.  Darton. — This  is  a  valuable 
volume,  containing  a  very  clear,  correct 
account  of  the  leading  facts  connected 
with  the  surface  of  the  earth  and  its  inha- 
bitants ;  but  avoiding  the  subject  of  its  in- 
terior structure,  its  remains  of  primeval 


times,  and  many  of  those  phenomena 
which  add  so  greatly  to  the  picturesque- 
ness  of  physical  geography.  The  title  is 
somewhat  too  large.  The  human  inhabi- 
tants of  the  earth  are  all  it  treats  of;  yet, 
as  far  as  it  goes,  it  is  comprehensive,  well 
written,  and  interesting,  worthy  of  the 
daughter  of  Maria  Hack,  whose  books  will 
always  be  dear  to  the  young  and  the  old. 

The  Earth,  Plante,  and  Man,  TYans- 
latedfrom  the  Danieh  qf  Schouw  and  the 
Oerman  qf  Kobell.  By  Arthur  Henfrey, 
F.R,8,  F,L,S.— Out  of  Mr.  Bohn's  use- 
ful volumes,  which  may  well  accompany 
Mrs.  Darton's  Earth  and  its  Inhabitants, 
supplying  in  the  completest  manner  that 
physical  information  which  her  work  does 
not  convey. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

Nov,  25.  In  consequence  of  the  fune- 
ral of  the  Duke  of  Wellington  being 
solemnized  on  the  18th  November,  the 
day  fixed  for  the  commencement  of  the 
session  of  this  Society,  the  first  meeting 
did  not  take  place  until  the  25th,  when 
Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  the  President, 
occupied  the  chair. 

William  Henry  Cooke,  esq.  barrister- 
at-law,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  was  elected 
a  Fellow. 

The  evening  was  devoted  to  the  discus- 
sion of  a  proposal  to  reverse  the  decision 
of  the  27th  May  last,  whereby  the  annual 
subscription  to  the  Society  was  reduced 
to  two  guineas  and  the  entrance  fee  to  five, 
and  to  return  to  the  former  payment  of 
four  guineas  annually  with  an  aamission  fee 
of  eight.  The  motion  to  this  effect  was 
proposed  by  Mr.  Deputy  Lott,  and  se- 
conded by  Mr.  Gould;  whereupon  an 
amendment  was  moved  by  Mr.  Drake, 
and  seconded  by  Mr.  Tite,  declaring 
that,  in  the  opinion  of  this  meeting,  the 
reversal  of  alterations  which  had  been  re- 
cently agreed  to,  before  then*  effect  had 
been  practically  tested,  was  inexpedient, 
and  would  tend  to  lessen  that  influence 
which  the  Society,  as  the  only  chartered 
'*  body  of  Antiquaries  in  the  kingdom,  has 
the  power  of  exerting,  and  which  it  ought 
to  exercise,  in  the  prosecution  of  the 
study  of  Antiquities.''  The  discussion 
which  followed,  and  the  result  of  the  bal- 
lot (whereby  the  amendment  was  carried 
by  a  majority  of  51  to  39)  have  already 
.been  noticed  in  our  December  number, 
p.  607. 


Dee.  2.     Su-  R.  H.  Inglis,  Bart.  V.P. 

J.  H.  Parker,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a 
brass  coffer,  supposed  to  be  of  the  15th 
century,  which  had  been  found  by  the 
Rev.  F.  Bagot,  on  the  mantel-piece  of  a 
farm-house  in  Somersetshire.  It  is  en- 
graved with  inscriptions,  bu,t  they  are  ap- 
parently merely  a  portion  of  the  ornament, 
and  without  meanmg. 

Mr.  Cole  exhibited  a  steel  box  of  the 
cinque*cento  period,  said  to  have  belonged 
to  Francis  I.  A  portrait  of  Napoleon  in 
enamel  has  been  inserted  in  the  Ud. 

Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart,  exhibited  a 
fine  manuscript,  in  vellum,  of  the  sixth 
century,  containing  the  Minor  Councils 
of  France. 

Mr.  Ouvry  exhibited  a  miniature,  at- 
tributed to  Cooper,  and  said  to  represent 
the  Duke  of  Richmond,  natural  son  of 
Charles  II. 

J.  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P.  made  a  com- 
munication relative  to  the  family  of  Lucy, 
of  Cbarlecote,  near  Stratford-upon-Avon. 
It  referred  to  three  points.— 1.  That  Sir 
Thomas  Lucy  had  deer  in  his  park  at 
Cbarlecote  (denied  by  Malone)  which 
Shakspeare  might  have  been  concerned  in 
stealing.  This  fact  was  proved  by  an 
original  letter  from  the  steward  of  the 
estate.  2.  That  the  Shakspeares  of  Row- 
ington,  near  Stratford-upon-Avon,  were 
very  unruly,  and  had  had  violent  disputes 
with  the  vicar  and  parishioners,  for  which 
they  were  prosecuted  on  two  occasions. 
3.  That  shortly  before  1600  William  Shak- 
speare sold  a  small  part  of  his  patrimonial 
property  in  Henley  street,— a  fact  not 
hitherto  known,  and  of  importance  in  re* 


IB5S.] 


%Hfuariim  Reaarches, 


71 


I 


I 


lAiion  to  the  bill  now  In  purUajnent  for 
ireitinf  that  eitate  in  the  Crown.  Accord- 
inf  to  tliG  document  firovirij^  it,^  the  ori- 
gin^l  frontage  towards  Ht:n]i?y  street  miiat 
have  been  cooiiderabiy  grtatcr  than  it  ap- 
pears to  have  been  at  the  time  of  the  poet'a 
bequest 

Edward  Hawkiua,  esq.  F.R.A.  thm 
brought  forward  the  motion  of  which  be 
had  given  notice,  that  a  ooiunaittoc  of  the 
Society  ahould  be  appointed  to  reTiao  itc 
at^ttites  and  bye-laws.  It  had  previously 
been  intiaiated  by  the  Council  that  no  re- 
fi stance  would  be  offered  on  their  port  to 
tbii  proposition,  on  the  nndcrgtanding 
that  the  proposed  revision  should  not 
effect  the  recent  alterations  in  the  terms 
of  admisaioa  and  annual  subscription,  and 
that  the  ioterral  of  a  fortnight  should  take 
place  before  the  members  of  the  dommittt'e 
were  appointed.  The  list  proposed  by  Mr. 
Hawkioj  was  then  delivered  in  o«  follows  : 
Edward  Hawkinsi  esq.,  Sir  Fortuoatus 
D  warns  I  Jaraea  Hey  wood,  esq.  M,P.  Octa- 
fioi  Morgan,  c«q»  M.P.  Frederic  Ouvry, 
eao,  CspL  W.  H.  Smyth,  R.N.,  V.P.,  and 
William  Tite,  esq.  [These  gentlemen  were 
appointed,  nearly  uaanimouslyT  at  the 
meeting  of  the  1 6th  Dec] 

JOw*  9.     Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Pres, 

Sir  John  BoUcau,  Bart*  of  Ketteringham 
Hillt  Norfolk ;  Henry  Reeve,  esq. of  H.M» 
Privy  Council  Office  ;  Robert  Richnrdson, 
esq*  of  the  Middle  Temple  and  Swansea, 
and  David  Jardine,  e^q.  barrister* at- law, 
author  of  '*  Criminal  Trials,"  and  other 
works,  were  elected  Fellows  of  the  Society. 

The  Rev,  E.  Bradley  eihibited,  by  the 
hands  of  Mr.  Thorns ,  a  drawing  of  the 
monument  to  bir  Harry  Coninggby,  in 
thi  burial  ground  of  Arley  King's,  Wor- 
cesterdhire,  conaiiiting  of  a  qnadrangular 
pile  of  hewn  square  stones^  on  which  are 
inscribed,  umoLQQ'KUA  ik  clvarb  re- 

POVTTUn  Sia  UARRT. 

The  Rev.  J-  Pemberton  Bartlett  ex- 
hibited two  denarii  found  with  many  others 
ill  the  New  Forest ;  they  were  of  Julian 
the  Apostate  and  Valens,  and  both  of 
common  types. 

The  Earl  of  Verulam  exhibited  a  large 
quadrangiilar  glajis  vase  containing  human 
boaes,  recently  found  in  Essex,  and  which 
has  been  presented  by  liis  brdahip  to  the 
British  Museum. 

Joieph  Beldam,  esq.  of  the  Inner 
Teonble,  communicated  an  account  of  the 
crypt  at  Royston,  called  the  Lady  Roesia'a 
Cave,  which  he  haa  lately  examined  with 
great  attention.  This  pUce  was  diicovered 
about  a  century  ago  by  some  workmen 
engaged  in  fixing  a  post  in  the  market- 
place. Br.  Stukeley  at  once  proceaded 
to  fttrnish  a  r'*ri>'"  '«'  ""«!,  lU.  -vive  and 
Ita  contents-  ,  wludi 


be  decUrvd  c 


m        tie  aecu 


,  and  a 


series  of  paintings  on  the  walls.  Tiiis  ac- 
count was  ridiculed  by  the  Rc<v.  Mr* 
Parkin,  and  the  controversy  produced 
much  angry  feeling, — everything,  in  fact, 
but  the  truth.  Mr.  Beldam  cxpregaed 
his  conviction  tbat  the  opinion  that  this 
cave  was  in  reality  a  Roman  columbarium 
(as  suggested  by  Mr.  Akerman:  see  our 
July  number,  p.  79)  was  well  grounded, 
although  it  was  probably  really  used  as  a 
cell  or  oratoiy  in  the  middle  ages.  That 
a  recluse  was  living  in  Roys  ton  in  the 
early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century  is 
proved  by  the  churchwardens'  books  of  the 
pariah  of  Bassi  eg  bourn. 

Bfic,  IG,  Lord  Viscount  Mabon,  V.P* 
St  A  teen  new  FuUows  were  added  to  the 
list  of  the  Society,  \h, ;  The  Rt.  Hon. 
Lord  Honniker;  Mark  Anthony  Lower, 
of  Lewes,  schoolmaster,  author  of  The 
Curiosities  of  Heraldry,  Essays  on  English 
SurnameB,  &c. ;  Lieut. -Colonel  Charles 
Stepney  Cowell,  of  Hertford^street,  May 
Fair  ;  Charles  Mackay,  esq.  LL.D.  author 
of  Songs  of  the  People,  the  History  of 
Modem  Popular  Delusions,  &c. ;  Richard 
Frankum,  esq.  of  Burlington -gardens, 
surgeon ;  John  Thumhano,  M.D.  of  De> 
vizes;  Francis  Henry  Dickenson,  esq.  of 
King's  Weston  Park,  Som.  late  M.P.  for 
CO.  Somerset;  William  Hook  ham  Car- 
penter, esq.  Keeper  of  the  Department  of 
Prints  and  Drawings  in  the  British  Mu* 
seum,  author  of  **  Sir  Anthony  Van  Dyck 
and  bis  Contemporaries  ;"  Williani  Kell, 
c*q.  Town  Clerk  of  Gateshead  ;  William 
Hyiton  Longstaffe,  esq.  of  Gateshead, 
autlior  of  a  History  of  Darlington  ;  Joseph 
Clarke,  of  Stratford  Place,  Oxford-atreet, 
architect ;  the  Rev.  John  CoUingwood 
Bmce,  M.A.  of  Newcaatle-upoD-Tyoo^ 
author  of  ''The  Roman  Well;'*  James 
Crofisley,  tsq.  of  Manchester,  Frestdeut  of 
the  Chetham  Society;  John  Feowick,esq. 
solicitor,  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  j  John 
Evans,  of  Nash  Mills,  llemelhempfted, 
pafier- manufacturer  ;  and  William  Smith, 
esq.  of  Upper  Soutbwick-street,  Treasurer 
of  the  Arundel  Society, 

The  Bishop  of  Oxford,  V.P.  exhibited 
two  globular  vessels  of  coloured  gUss,  or- 
namented with  wavy  patterns,  not  long 
siuc^  dug  up  near  Cuddesdon.  They  will 
he  figured  in  Mr.  Akerman' a  Remains  of 
Boxon  Pagandom. 

Mr.  Lemon  announced  tbat  the  invita- 
tiou  recently  read  from  the  chair  with 
respect  to  the  Society's  collection  of  Fro- 
clatnation^  had  been  very  handsomely  re- 
sponded to  by  William  Salt,  esq,  F.S.A., 
who  has  presented  a  valuable  series,  wbioti 
commences  exactly  where  that  already  in 
the  Sooiety^s  possession  leaves  oif.  Forty 
earlier  Proclamations  have  also  been  bc- 
rjuired  by  an  exchange  of  duplicates  nego- 
ciatpd  with  U.M«  State  Fsp«r  Omcv. 


72 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Jan. 


The  reading  was  then  commenced  of  a 
paper  by  J.  H.  Parker,  esq.  F.S.A.,  in 
continuation  of  his  remarks  on  the  Eccle- 
siastical Architecture  of  France,  already 
published  in  the  Archseologia.  It  com- 
mences with  some  very  remarkable  de- 
tails respecting  the  Byzantine  edifices  of 
Aogoul^me,  and  is  accompanied  by  beauti- 
ful drawings.  The  remainder  will  be  read 
after  the  Christmas  recess. 


ARCHiBOLOOICAL  INSTITUTE. 

Dec,  3.  The  Hon.  Richard  Neville,  V.P. 

The  attention  of  the  Society  having 
been  specially  directed,  during  the  meeting 
at  Newcastle,  to  the  inconveniences  arising 
from  the  existing  laws  of  Treasure-trove,  a 
resolution  had  been  passed  at  the  previous 
monthly  meeting,  proposed  by  Mr.  Neville, 
and  seconded  by  Viscount  Strangford,  in 
pursuance  of  which  the  President  of  the 
Institute,  Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide,  had 
requested  an  interview  with  the  Earl  of 
Derby.  Mr.  Neville  now  informed  the 
meeting,  that  in  company  with  their  noble 
President,  and  a  deputation,  including 
Lord  Strangford,  Mr.  Octavius  Morgan, 
Mr.  Wynne,  Professor  Donaldson,  and 
other  members  of  the  Institute,  he  had 
attended  the  interview  with  the  Prime 
Minister,  who  had  given  most  courteous 
attention  to  the  arguments  advanced  by 
Lord  Talbot  in  favour  of  a  special  inquiry 
into  the  laws  of  Treasure -trove,  and  the 
frequent  prejudice  occasioned  thereby. 
He  might  further  state  that  Lord  Derby 
had  assured  the  deputation  that,  although 
Her  Majesty's  Ministers  would  not  be 
disposed  to  originate  any  measure  on  this 
subject,  he  did  not  apprehend  that,  if  any 
Member  of  the  House  of  Commons  should 
move  for  such  inquiry,  the  proposition 
would  be  met  with  adverse  feeling  on  the 
part  of  the  Government. 

Mr.  Neville  then  read  a  memoir  on  re- 
searches carried  out  during  the  previous 
month  under  his  direction  in  Essex.  In 
the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  re- 
markable Bartlow  tumuli,  which  had  pro- 
duced such  interesting  antiquities  of  Ro- 
man times,  during  the  excavations  carried 
out  by  the  late  Mr.  Gage  Rokewode,  Mr. 
Neville  had  brought  to  light  extensive 
remains  of  a  villa,  and  many  other  traces 
of  the  Roman  occ^ipants  of  that  district. 
He  laid  before  the  meeting  plans  of  the 
buildings  discovered,  with  various  orna- 
ments and  objects  of  Roman  workman- 
ship, obtained  a  few  days  since.  The 
locality  appeared  so  promising  that  the 
works  were  still  continued,  and  a  further 
report  was  promised  for  the  next  meeting. 

M.  Gerard  Moultrie  gave  an  account  of 
primeval  monumeotB  existing  in  the  Isle 
9 


of  Arran;  he  produced  a  fac-simile  of  an 
inscription  in  Runes,  which  he  had  found 
in  a  cavern  in  that  island,  with  various 
figures  and  designs  traced  upon  the  rock. 
He  was  desirous  to  invite  attention  to  the 
existence  of  numerous  stone  circles,  stones 
of  memorial,  and  other  vestiges  in  that 
Island,  hitherto  undescribed. 

The  chief  warder  of  the  Portland  Prison, 
Mr.  Neale,  sent  a  notice  of  recent  dis- 
coveries in  the  Isle  of  Portland,  which 
appeared  to  afford  undeniable  evidence  of 
its  having  been  occupied  in  Roman  times; 
and  he  related  several  interesting  facts  in 
relation  to  the  interments  of  that  period 
lately  examined  under  his  direction. 

The  Rev.  E.  Trollope  produced  draw- 
ings of  singular  sepulchred  memorials,  of 
a  very  early  date,  found  built  in  materials 
in  the  walls  of  Ranceby  Church,  Lincoln- 
shire. 

The  Rev.  C.  R.  Manning  reported  a 
recent  discovery  of  certain  architectural 
remains,  believed  to  be  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  age,  in  Norfolk,  Roman  materials 
being  also  employed  in  the  construction. 

Mr.  Westwood  produced  a  series  of 
admirable  fac-similes  from  Anglo-Saxon 
MSS.  at  Lambeth,  Lichfield  Cathedral, 
and  in  the  British  Museum,  and  gave  an 
interesting  disquisition  on  the  peculiar 
character  of  these  works  of  the  scribes  in 
the  eighth  and  ninth  centuries. 

The  Rev.  F.  Warre  described  the  latest 
results  of  his  explorations  at  the  great  hill 
fortress  called  Worlebury,  on  the  coast  of 
Somerset,  where  a  large  number  of  primi- 
tive habitations  have  been  brought  to  light 
(see  the  review  of  the  Somersetshire  So- 
ciety's Transactions  in  our  present  Maga- 
zine); recent  excavations  have  produced  a 
large  deposit  of  Roman  coins,  with  other 
ancient  remains. 

Amongst  antiquities  exhibited  were  rings 
and  ornaments,  and  drawings  of  fresco 
paintings,  from  the  Roman  villa  opened  by 
Mr.  Neville  ;  and  other  objects  of  the  same 
age  collected  in  Wiltshire  by  Rev.  E.  Wil- 
ton .  Mr.  Duncan  brought  a  large  collection 
of  fragments  of  pottery,  coins,  decorative 
pavement  tiles,  and  other  ancient  relics  of 
various  periods,  lately  found  on  the  site  of 
Kilbum  Priory,  near  London. 

Mr.  Octavius  Morgan  contributed  a 
very  early  example  of  the  table-clock,  date 
about  1525,  with  other  specimens  of  mid- 
dle-age workmanship.  Several  antiquities 
from  Wales  were  shown  by  Mr.  Wynne; 
and  some  ring.fibul»  of  pewter,  resembling 
the  signs  worn  by  pilgrims  to  noted  shrines, 
from  the  remarkable  deposit  at  Hoylake, 
on  the  Cheshire  coast,  by  Mr.  Robinson. 
A  musket  and  a  caliver,  of  the  time  of  Sir 
Philip  Sidney,  were  brought  by  Mr. 
Hewitt,  who  made  some  interesting  re- 


1853.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


73 


marks  on  the  earliest  forms  of  fire-arms. 
These  curious  examples  had  been  preserved 
at  Penshurst  Castle. 


BRITISH  ARCH^OLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

Nov,  24.  T.  J.  Pettigrew,  esq.  V.P. 
Mr.  Baigent  exhibited  a  pilgrim's  token 
of  lead,  found  at  Winchester,  representing 
the  Coronation  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  and 
supposed  to  be  of  the  time  of  Edward  III. 
Mr.  Warren  exhibited  the  drawing  of  an 
enamelled  fibula,  which  he  refers  to  the 
Saxon  period ;  Mr.  Burkitt  a  rubbing 
of  a  brass  of  Ethelred  King  of  Wessex, 
in  the  chancel  of  Wimbourne  Minster, 
Dorset.  Mr.  Lynch  exhibited  a  book  of 
offices  of  the  fourteenth  century,  having 
the  initial  letters  illuminated,  and  the  arms 
of  the  Earl  of  Arundel,  the  Earl  of  Lan- 
caster,  EUizabeth  and  William  de  Bohun,  the 
Earl  of  Salisbury,  the  Duke  of  Gloucester, 
and  others,  painted  within  them.  Mr.  Lott 
exhibited  four  tradesmen's  weights,  re- 
cently dug  up  near  Gerard's  Hall,  of  the 
time  of  Charles  I.  bearing  a  crown  sur- 
momiting  the  letter  C.  Mr.  Brewer  read 
a  paper  on  the  antiquity  of  the  custom  of 
marking  and  stamping  weights  and  mea- 
sures, particularly  those  of  the  city  of 
London,  and  submitted  a  collection  of  sta- 
tutes and  other  documents  on  the  subject. 
Mr.  Lott  illustrated  these  by  several  speci- 
mens from  the  city,  and  Mr.  Von  Irving 
made  some  observations  on  the  weights 
and  measures  of  Scotland.  Mr.  Pettigrew 
exhibited  a  number  of  tiles  belonging  to 
R.  Milward,  esq.  of  Thurgarton  Priory ; 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  four  spoons  and  a  coin 
of  the  time  of  Elizabeth,  found  on  the  site 
of  an  ancient  house  at  a  place  called  the 
Ranglet,  near  Cooper  Fold,  in  the  township 
of  Walton-le-Dale,  Lancashire  ;  Mr.  Rolfe 
an  ivory  drinking-horn,  obtained  at  Mr. 
Curling's  sale  at  Deal,  apparently  of  the 
time  of  Edward  IV. ;  Mr.  Gunston  exhi- 
bited some  rubbings  from  military  brasses, 
to  illustrate  specimens  of  chain-mail  and 
basinets. 


SOCIETY    OF  ANTIQUARIES    OF   NEWCAS- 
TLE-UPON-TYNE. 

Dec.  1.  At  the  monthly  meeting,  Wil- 
liam Kell,  esq.  town  clerk  of  Gateshead, 
in  the  chair,  Mark  Antony  Lower,  esq.  was 
unanimously  elected  an  honorary  member. 

The  Newcastle  volume  of  the  Archseolo- 
gical  Institute,  now  in  progress,  formed  the 
subject  of  a  brief  conversation,  and  the 
members  present  expressed  their  determi- 
nation to  promote  its  success  in  every  pos- 
sible way.  With  this  view,  it  was  resolved 
that  the  Society's  woodcuts  and  copper- 
plates should  be  placed  at  the  command  of 
the  Institute.  Mr.  T.  J.  Taylor  has  ac- 
quired, since  the  reading  of  his  paper  on 

Gent.  Mac.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


the  Archaeology  of  the  Coal  Trade,  much 
additional  and  valuable  information — and, 
in  particular,  the  accounts  of  the  Crown 
lessees,  to  a  considerable  extent,  under  the 
Stuarts.  These  accounts  show  that  a  tax 
of  8*.  4rf.  was  borne  by  every  Newcastle 
chaldron  of  coals  exported  beyond  the 
seas,  exclusive  of  the  "  Richmond  Shil- 
ling." The  papers  have  come  into  the 
hands  of  Mr.  Taylor  through  the  kindness 
of  Lord  Dacre. 

Mr.  H.  G.  Potter  read  a  paper  on  his 
recent  excavations  at  Burdoswald,  which 
have  brought  to  light  a  fourth  gateway, 
far  surpassing  the  others  in  style  of  archi- 
tecture and  finish.  The  first  trace  of  it 
was  discovered  during  the  last  winter,  by 
Mr.  Boustead,  the  farmer  on  the  spot, 
who  came  upon  one  of  the  piers  while 
digging  the  foundation  of  a  bull-shed. 
Mr.  Potter,  with  his  brother,  subsequently 
assumed  the  work  of  excavation ;  and  the 
result  of  their  labours  may  now  be  seen 
by  visitors.  A  noble  double  gateway  has 
been  laid  bare.  One  of  the  gates  has  been 
walled- up,  not  by  the  Romans  themselves, 
as  is  proved  by  the  difference  of  level  be- 
tween the  floor  of  the  Roman  gate  and 
that  on  which  the  barrier  now  stands. 
Many  circumstances,  which  presented 
themselves  during  the  researches  at  Burd- 
oswald, have  led  Mr.  Potter  to  believe  that 
this  camp  was  occupied  as  a  town  long 
after  the  departure  of  the  Romans.  The 
floors,  for  example,  of  some  of  the  houses 
are  about  four  feet  above  the  flagged 
Roman  footpath  inside  tiie  walls ;  and  the 
ruins  of  (apparently)  Roman  structures 
form  the  foundations  of  later  edifices— 
which,  in  their  turn,  have  been  destroyed, 
or  suffered  to  go  to  ruin,  and  earth  and 
herbage  cover  their  remains.  Gildas  and 
Bede  tell  us  in  what  manner  the  Picts  and 
Scots  conquered  the  Britons  after  the  last 
Roman  legion  had  left  the  island,  and  how 
they  ravaged  the  country,  drove  the  inha- 
bitants before  them,  and  made  their  habi- 
tations like  the  abodes  of  wild  beasts; 
and  tradition  adds,  that  near  Burdoswald 
{Amboglanna)f  at  a  place  called  "The 
Gap,"  the  Picts  broke  through  the  WaU. 
The  station,  it  is  probable,  was  reduced  to 
ruins,  and  so  remained  until  the  country 
became  more  settled  ;  when,  tempted  by 
its  commanding  position,  and  the  fact  of 
its  being  traversed  by  the  Maiden  Way, 
some  Saxon  chief  of  the  name  of  Oswald 
may  have  repaired  its  walls  and  gates,  and 
built  a  town  within — the  Burgh  of  Oswald 
— easily  corruptible  into  Burdoswald, 
Birdoswald,  or  (as  it  is  now  often  called) 
Bridussel.  Here,  also,  there  is  reason  to 
suppose,  the  Dunes  more  recently  dwelt 
The  wreck  of  Harrows  (or  Harold's)  Cas- 
tle still  survives.  Its  stones  were  removed 
L 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


74 


some  years  ago  to  build  the  Hill  Head 
Hov^,  now  occupied  by  Mr.  Ramshay. 

In  Mr.  Potter's  quarto  tract  on  Ambog- 
lanna,  printed  in  1851,  is  a  restoration  of 
the  "  Decuman  Gate/'  in  which  he  has 
thrown  arches  oyer  the  gateway ;  and  the 
truth  of  the  vision  which,  with  learned 
and  sagacious  eye,  he  then  imagined  has 
been  vindicated  by  his  late  discoveries. 
To  one  of  the  piers  of  the  gateway,  8{  feet 
high,  the  projecting  impost  is  still  at- 
tached, and  the  first  stone  of  the  arch 
rests  thereon.  The  voussoir  is  two  feet 
long,  and  15  inches  thick  at  the  broad,  and 
Hi  at  the  narrow  end.  At  the  outside  of 
the  southern  tower  of  the  gate,  on  the 
ground,  was  found  a  broken  slab.  It  ap- 
pears to  have  fallen  from  its  place,  and  to 
have  been  fractured  by  a  stone  which  had 
aftewards  fallen  upon  it— and  which,  in- 
deed, was  found  lymg  upon  it  still.  This 
slab  bears  an  inscription  which  may  be 
thus  given  (two  or  three  of  the  letters 
being  conjectural) : — 

BVBMO  DIG  IV 
LIO  LEO  A  V6  PR 
PK  CO  H  I  AEL  DC 
OYI  PRABEST  M 
CL  MENANDER 
T  R  I  B 

Mr.  Potter  extends  the  inscription  as  fol- 
lows : — **  Sublimo  Dio  Julio  Legato  Au- 
Sisti  Proprtttori  Cohors  Prima  ^Elia 
acorum  cui  prsest  Marcus  Claudius 
Menander  Tribunus."  Julius  Severus, 
the  noble  Romai^whom  he  supposes  to  be 
here  named,  was  proprstor  of  Britain  in 
the  time  of  Hadrian,  and  was  recalled,  as 
**  the  most  courageous  of  his  generals,"  to 

fo  against  the  Jews.  This  was  in  133  or 
34  A.D.;  and  it  may  safely  be  concluded 
that  about  that  time  was  the  gate  erected 
by  Julius  Severus,  and  the  slab  inserted 
in  the  wall  by  the  first  iElian  cohort  of 
the  Dacians,  over  whom  Menander  was 
tribune.  Mr.  Potter,  however,  does  not 
ascribe  the  formation  of  the  camp  to 
Hadrian.  The  gate  now  laid  bare  is  of  a 
later  and  superior  style  of  architecture  to 
the  camp  generally — more  highly  finished, 
the  work  of  a  more  refined  age.  The  camp 
is  of  the  time,  Mr.  Potter  inclines  to  think, 
of  Agricola.  The  tuburbium  lay  without 
the  present  gate,  and  its  ruins  may  still  be 
traced  with  ease,  although  covered  with 
yegetation.  Mr.  Potter  expects  to  find 
the  foundation  of  a  similar  gate  on  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  camp;  and  if  so,  the 
number  of  the  gates  would  be  six.  Four 
have  been  already  described  ;  one  remains 
to  be  excavated ;  the  sixth  or  Prntorian 
gate  was  destroyed  some  time  ago,  to  form 


[Jan. 


a  barn.  Of  the  four  gates  that  have  been 
exposed,  only  one  gateway  has  not  been 
walled-up.  Stones,  it  is  conjectured,  were 
substituted  for  soldiers.  Mr.  Potter's  in- 
teresting paper  concludes  with  a  few  re- 
marks on  the  rude  representations  of  a  palm 
branch  and  sword,  emblems  of  Peace  and 
War,  which  are  engraven  on  the  inscribed 
stone. 


YORKSHIRE  ARCHITECTURAL  SOCIETY. 

Oct.  21.  The  annual  meeting  of  this 
society  took  place  in  the  society's  room  at 
York,  the  Ven.  Archdeacon  Churton  in 
the  chair. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Dykes,  one  of  the  secre- 
taries, read  the  report  of  the  committee, 
which  congratulated  the  members  on  the 
increased  interest  now  generally  taken  in 
the  objects  of  the  society  ;  and  suggested 
the  propriety  of  altering  the  tenth  rule, 
which  confines  its  meetings  to  the  city  of 
York,  whereas  it  seemed  desirable  that  the 
annual  meeting  should  be  held  in  York, 
and  that  two  other  public  meetings  should 
take  place  in  other  towns  of  the  county. 
Two  interesting  meetings  of  this  character 
have  been  held  during  the  past  year,  one 
at  Leeds,  and  the  other  at  Thornton 
Abbey,  Lincolnshire,  the  latter  being  in 
connection  with  the  Architectural  Society 
of  that  county.  The  committee  suggested 
that  meetings  during  the  ensuing  year 
should  be  held  at  Richmond  and  Selby, 
which  towns  possessed  several  attractions 
and  claims  upon  their  attention.  They 
had  only  one  grant  to  record  during  the 
year,  viz.  10/.  towards  the  rebuilding  of 
the  chancel-arch  of  Ack worth  church. 
Other  grants  they  had  been  reluctantly 
compelled  to  refuse  in  consequence  of  the 
narrowness  of  their  means.  Seven  papers 
on  various  subjects  have  been  read  during 
the  past  year.  Certain  mural  paintings 
having  been  discovered  in  Pickering 
church,  Mr.  Bevan,  the  society's  artist, 
has  been  sent  to  Pickering,  and  the  results 
of  his  labours  were  exhibited  in  that  room. 
It  was  expected  that  the  original  paintings 
would  be  obliterated,  but  the  question  re- 
mained for  the  decision  of  the  Archbishop. 

The  Rev.  R.  E.  Batty  read  an  interest- 
ing paper  on  Pontefract  Castle;  after  which 
R.  M.  Milnes,  esq.  M.P.  for  that  town, 
exhibited  some  original  letters  connected 
with  its  history,  viz.  several  ft-om  Sir 
Thomas  Fairfax,  Oliver  Cromwell,  and 
others,  and  an  order  relative  to  the  ex- 
ecution of  King  Charles  I. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Dykes  then  read  a  paper  on 
the  paintings  discovered  in  Pickering 
church,  which  are  illustrative  of  the  life 
of  our  Saviour  and  the  lives  of  the  saints. 


75 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


On  the  1st  of  December  the  result  of 
the  appeal  to  the  French  people  respecting 
the  re-establishment  of  the  Empire,  was 
declared  by  the  Corps  Legislatif,  which 
announced  that  the  sum  of  votes  was, — 
Ayes  .  .  .  7,864,189 
Noes  .  .  .  253,145 
Null  .  .  .  63,326 
By  a  decree  dated  on  the  2d  Dec.  "  Na- 
poleon, by  the  grace  of  God  and  the 
national  will,  Emperor  of  the  French'* 
assumes  the  name  of  Napoleon  III.  thereby 
recognising  the  abdication  made  by  the 
first  Napoleon  in  favour  of  his  son.  He 
has  intimated,  however,  to  foreign  powers 
that  in  assuming  this  title  he  has  no  in- 
tention to  assert  an  hereditary  claim  to 
the  crown  ;  but  that,  on  the  contrary,  he 
rests  his  authority  upon  the  choice  of  the 
people,  and  recognises  all  that  has  taken 
place  since  1814. 

By  a  second  decree  of  the  same  date 
three  generals  of  division  attain  the  dignity 
of  Marshals  of  France,  viz.  Le  Roy  de 
Saint  Arnaud,  Minister  of  War ;  Magnan, 
Commander* in- chief  of  the  army  of  Paris ; 
and  De  Castellane,  Commander-in-chief  of 
the  army  of  Lyons.  The  Emperor's  civil 
list  is  proposed  to  be  fixed  at  25  millions 
of  francs,  to  which  will  be  added  the 
Crown  jewels  and  moveables,  with  the 
imperial  palaces  and  the  forests,  the  mu- 
seums and  factories  of  Sevres,  Gobelins, 
and  Beauvais.  The  revenues  from  the 
forests   bring   three   millions.     But    the 


Crown  is  charged  with  the  sum  of 
7,225,000f.,  the  estimated  expense  of 
keeping  the  palaces  in  repair.  To  the  im- 
perial princes  a  further  sum  of  l,500,000f. 
is  destined.  It  is  understood  that  the  new 
Empire  will  be  generally  acknowledged  by 
the  other  Continental  powers.  Mean- 
while, for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of 
the  two  nations,  a  visit  has  been  paid  to 
Berlin  by  the  Emperor  of  Austria,  and  it 
is  suggested  that  this  visit  is  meant  as  a 
salutary  hint  to  the  French  that  the  Ger- 
man great  powers  remain  cordially  united 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  treaties  of 
1815,  and  that  any  attempt  to  disturb  the 
arrangements  on  which  the  peace  of  Europe 
has  so  long  rested  would  meet  with  an 
equally  prompt  and  formidable  repulse. 

An  important  move  has  been  made  in 
prosecution  of  the  Burmese  war.  Prome 
was  captured  on  the  9th  of  October  by  the 
force  under  the  command  of  Commodore 
Lambert  and  General  Godwin.  Very  little 
resistance  was  made  by  the  Burmese,  the 
British  loss  only  amounting  to  one  man 
killed  and  eight  wounded.  Five  thousand 
Burmese  were  posted  about  six  miles  from 
Prome,  but  General  Godwin  did  not  wish 
to  attack  them  until  be  was  reinforced. 
The  Admiral  (C.  J.  Austen,  C.B.)  had  died 
of  cholera,  but  the  troops  were  particularly 
healthy.  The  Burmese  General  and  the 
ex-Governor  of  Rangoon  have  surrendered 
themselves  at  the  British  camp. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 

Since  the  publication  of  our  last  Magazine  the  Supplement  to  the  London  Gazette 
of  Friday  the  3d  Dec.  (No.  21,388)  enables  us  to  abstract,  from  the  official  record 
published  by  the  Heralds*  Office  under  the  authority  of  the  Earl  Marshal,  the  following 
correct  account  of  the  Ceremonial  observed  in  the  Duke  of  Wellington's  Funeral : — 

On  the  morning  of  the  1 8th  of  November,  the  troops  assembled  in  St.  James's  Park, 
under  the  command  of  Major-General  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Cambridge,  K.G.,  to 
whom  the  following  Staff  was  attached :  Colonel  the  Earl  of  Cardigan,  and  Colonel 
Lord  De  Ros,  who  performed  the  duties  of  the  Adjutant  and  Quartermaster-generars 
departments,  under  his  Royal  Highness  ;  and  Lieut.-Col.  Lord  William  Paulet,  unat- 
tached ;  Lieut.-Col.  Lord  George  Paget,  4th  light  drag. ;  Lieut.-Col.  Tyrwhitt,  Scots 
fusilier  guards ;  and  Capt.  H.S.H.  Prince  Edward  of  Saxe- Weimar,  gren.  guards, 
acting  as  Aides-de-Camp.  The  force  consisted  of 
17  pieces  of  Artillery, 

8  squadrons  of  Cavalry,  and 

6  battalions  of  Infantry, 


Major- Gen.  Jackson 


76  Domestic  Occurrences,  [Jan. 

which  moved  off  at  8  o'clock  precisely,  proceeding  up  Constitution  Hill,  in  the  following 

order: — 

Infantry,  six  Battalions. 

Band  of  the  2nd  Battalion  Rifle  Brigade. 

2nd  Battalion  Rifle  Brigade. 

Band  of  1st  Batt.  Royal  Marines,  Chatham  Div. 
Major>Gen.  Fane  ^   Ist  Battalion  Royal  Marines. 

Band  of  33rd  Regiment. 

Her  Majesty's  33rd  Regiment. 
Bands  of  the  Scots  Fusilier  and  Coldstream  Guards. 
L  Battalion  Fusilier  Guards. 
Major-Gen.  Shaw  <  Battalion  Coldstream  Guards. 

(  Battalion  Grenadier  Guards. 

Band  of  the  Royal  Artillery. 

Artillery — Nine  Guns  of  Field  Batteries. 

Band  of  17th  Lancers. 

Cavalry — Five  Squadrons,  viz. — 

17th  Lancers. 

Band  of  13th  Light  Dragoons. 

13th  Light  Dragoons. 

Band  of  8th  Hussars. 

8th  Hussars. 

Band  of  Scots  Greys. 

Scots  Greys. 

6th  Dragoon  Guards. 

8  Guns  of  the  Horse  Artillery. 
The  17  pieces,  commanded  by  Col.  E.  C.  Whinyates,  C.B. 

Band  of  the  1st  Life  Guards. 

M.jor.Gen.  th.  Hon.    j  t^^tZL'!'  """"  ^"""  ^^'°"^- 

After  the  troops  had  moved  off,  the  Procession  was  formed,  in  the  following  order : — 
Messenger  of  the  College  of  Arms,  on  foot,  in  a  mourning  cloak,  with  the  escutcheon 
of  the  College  of  Arms  on  his  shoulder,  carrying  a  staff. 
Nine  Conductors,  in  mourning  cloaks,  with  staves. 
Chelsea  Pensioners,  in  number  83,  on  foot,  who  fell  into  the  procession  at  Charing  Cross. 
Twelve  enrolled  Pensioners,  on  foot. 
One  Soldier  from  every  Regiment  in  Her  Majesty's  Service. 
Three  Soldiers  of  Artillery,  and  three  Soldiers  of  Infantry,  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany's Army,  representing  the  Artillery  and  Infantry  of  the  three  Presidencies. 
Thirteen  Trumpets,  and  Kettle  Drums. 
Serjeant  Trumpeter. 
Pursuivants  of  Arms,  Henry  Murray  Lane,  gent.  Bluemantle,  and  Edward  Stephen 
Dendy,  gent  Rouge  Dragon,  in  a  mourning  coach,  in  their  tabards  over  mourning  cloaks. 

The  Standard  or  Pennon,  borne  by  Lieut.- Col.  John  Garvock,  supported  by 

Capt.  Mortimer  Adye,  R.A.  and  Lieut.  Thomas  Sargent  Little,  on  horseback. 

Servants  of  the  Deceased,  in  a  mourning  coach,  Mr.  Collins,  Mr.  Kendall. 

Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  Major-Gen.  Sir  George  Bowles,  K.C.B.  in  a  carriage. 

Deputations  from  Public  Bodies,  in  carriages  : — 
Merchant  Taylors'  Company  :  Charles  Rickards,  esq.  Master,  John  Norman,  esq. 
Warden,  John  Ewart,  esq.  Warden,  and  Bonamy  Dobree,  esq.  Member  of  the  Court. 

East  India  Company  :  Sir  James  Weir  Hogg,  Bart.  M.P.  Chairman,  Russell  Ellice, 
esq.  Deputy  Chairman,  William  Wigram,  esq.  Senior  Director,  and  James  Cosmo 
Melvill,  esq.  Secretary. 

Corporation  of  the  Trinity  House :  Capt.  John  Shepherd,  Deputy  Master,  Capt. 
George  Probyn,  Warden,  Capt.  Gabriel  J.  Redman,  Elder  Brother,  and  Capt.  William 
Pigott,  Elder  Brother. 


1853.]  Funeral  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington.  77 

Barons  and  Officers  of  the  Cinque  Ports  :  Thomas  Hickes,  esq.  Mayor  of  Hasting^, 
James  Wood,  esq.  Mayor  of  Sandwich,  Chas.  Lamb,  esq.  Mayor  of  Dover,  and  Henry 
Bachiler  Walker,  esq.  Mayor  of  New  Romney. 

Deputy-Lieutenant  of  Dover  Castle,  Henry  Smart,  esq. 

Captains  of  Deal  Castle,  Walmer  Castle,  and  Sandown  Castle  :  Earl  of  Clanwilliam, 
G.C.H.,  John  J.  Watts,  esq.,  and  Rear-Adm.  Sir  John  Hill. 

Board  of  Ordnance,  and  Ordnance  Department :  Lieut.-Col.  F.  P.  Dunne,  M.P., 
Clerk  of  the  Board,  Capt.  Sir  T.  Hastings,  R.N.,  C.B.,  Store-Keeper  Greneral,  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Sir  J.  F.  Burgoyne,  G.C.B.,  Inspector -Gen.  of  Fortifications,  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir 
H.  D.  Ross,  K.C.B.,  Deputy  Adjutant-Gen.  of  Artillery. 

Delegation  from  the  University  of  Oxford,  in  two  carriages,  viz. :  Rev.  Dr.  Cotton, 
Provost  of  Worcester  college,  Vice-Chancellor;  Rev.  Dr.  Wynter,  President  of  St.  Johu''8 
college  ;  Rev.  Dr.  Symons,  Warden  of  Wadham  college ;  Rev.  Dr.  Plumptre,  Master  of 
University  college ;  Rev.  Dr.  Tait,  Dean  of  Carlisle,  Balliol  college ;  Rev.  Wm.  C. 
Lake,  Fellow  of  Balliol  college,  Senior  Proctor;  and  Rev.  H.  Pritchard,  Fellow  of 
Corpus  Christi  college.  Junior  Proctor. 

Pursuivant  of  Arms  :  George  William  CoUen,  gent..  Portcullis,  in  a  mourning  coach, 

with  his  tabard  over  bis  mourning  cloak. 

Band  of  Her  Majesty's  6th  Dragoon  Guards. 

The  Guidon,  borne  by  Lieut.-Col.  A.  A.  T.  Cunynghame,  supported  by  Capt.  C. 

P.  Ibbetson  and  Lieut,  the  Hon.  A.  M.  Cathcart,  on  horseback. 

Comptroller  of  the  late  Duke's  Household,  George  Easton,  esq.  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Physicians  to  the  deceased.  Dr.  Charles  Williams,  Dr.  Robert  Ferguson,  and 

W.  Hulke,  esq.  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Chaplains  :  Rev.  Henry  Melvill,  B.D.  Chaplain  of  the  Tower,  Rev.  R.  W.  Browne, 

Chaplain  of  the  Forces  in  the  London  District,  and  the  Rev.  G.  Robert  Gleig,  Chaplain 

General  of  the  Forces,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

High  Sheriff  of  the  county  of  Southampton,  Francis  Jervoise  Ellis-Jervoise,  esq. 

in  a  carriage. 
Military  Secretary,  Col.  Richard  Airey,  on  horseback. 
Companions  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath,  represented  by  four,*  viz. :    General  Sir 
Loftus  Otway,  Vice-Adm.  the  Hon.  Josceline   Percy,  Lieut.-Gen.  William  Sandwith, 
and  Sir  Joshua  Rowe. 

Knights  Commanders  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath,  represented  by  four,*  viz. :  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Earl  Cathcart,  Adm.  Sir  John  West,  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  H.  S.  Scott  (nominated, 
but  unavoidably  absent),  and  Sir  S.  G.  Bonham. 

Knights  Grand  Cross  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath,  represented  by  four,*  viz. :  Lieut.- 
Gen.  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Blakeney,  Adm.  of  the  Fleet  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
George  Cockburn,  Bart.,  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  George  Pollock,  and  Viscount  Palmerston. 
Two  Heralds,  G.  H.  R.  Harrison,  esq.  Windsor,  and  M.  C.  H.  Gibbon,  esq. 
Richmond,  in  a  mourning  coach. 
Band  of  Her  Majesty's  2nd  Life  Guards. 

Banner  of  Wellesley,  borne  by  Lieut-Col.  R.  B.  Wood,  C.B.,  supported  by 
Capt.  H.  C.  C.  Somerset  and  Major  John  Blakiston,  on  horseback. 

The  Lords  Justices  of  Appeal,  Lord  Cranworth  and  Sir  J.  Knight-Bruce,  in  carriages. 

Lord  Chief  Baron  Sir  F.  Pollock,  in  a  carriage. 

Chief  Justice  Sir  John  Jervis,  in  a  carriage. 

Chief  Justice  Lord  Campbell,  in  a  carriage. 

Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  Rt.  Hon.  R.  A.  Christopher,  in  a  carriage. 

Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  Rt.  Hon.  B.  Disraeli,  in  a  carriage. 

Secretary-at-War,  Rt.  Hon.  William  Beresford,  in  a  carriage. 

Judge  Advocate- General,  Rt.  Hon.  G.  Bankes,  in  a  carriage. 

First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  Duke  of  Northumberland,  in  a  carriage. 


*  Being  one  of  each  Class  from  the  Army,  one  from  the  Navy,  one  from  the  East 
India  Company's  Service,  and  one  from  the  Civil  Service. 


78  Domestic  Occurrences.  [Jan. 

Secretaries  of  State  for  the  Colonial  and  Home  Departments,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  J.  S. 

Pakington,  Bart.,  and  the  Rt  Hon.  S.  H.  Walpole,  in  one  carriage. 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  the  Rt.  Hon.  C.  S.  Lefeyre  (representing  the 

House  of  Commons),  in  his  state  carriage. 

Sec.  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs,  Earl  of  Malmesbury,  in  a  carriage. 

First  Lord  of  the  Treasury,  Earl  of  Derby,  in  a  carriage. 

Earl  Marshal  of  England,  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  K.6.  in  a  carriage. 

Lord  President  of  the  Council,  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  in  a  carriage. 

Lord  High  Chancellor, 

Lord  Saint  Leonard's  (representing  the  House  of  Lords),  in  his  state  carriage. 

Lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in  a  carriage. 

Deputy  Assistant  Adjutant-General,  Capt.  Arthur  John  Pack. 

M         Assistant  Quartermaster-General,  Assistant  Adjutant-General,  O 

J  Lieut. -Colonel  John  Enoch.  Lieut.-Colonel  Wm.  Sullivan. 

g  Aide-de-Camp  to  the  Deceased,  Aide-de-Camp  to  the  Deceased,       o 

o        Capt.  the  Marques  of  Worcester.  Capt.  the  Earl  of  March.  ^ 

a 


Quartermaster-General,  Adjutant-General, 


O  Major-Gen.  James  Freeth.  Lieut-Gen.  Sir  G.  Brown,  K.C.B.     jr 

A  carriage  of  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert,  drawn  by  six  horses,  containing  Dr.  Lyon 
Playfair,  C.B.  Gent.  Usher;  Lieut.-Colonel  Hon.  Alex.  Gordon,  Equerry;  and  Lieut- 
Colonel  Francis  Seymour,  Groom  of  the  Bedchamber  to  Hii  Royal  Higlmess. 

A  carriage,  drawn  by  six  horses,  containing  Col.  the  Hon.  Charles  Grey,  Private 
Secretary ;  Col.  the  Hon.  C.  B.  Phipps,  Treasurer ;  and  Lord  George  Lennox,  Lord 
of  the  Bedchamber  to  His  Royal  Highness. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert,  in  a  &rriage  drawn  by  six  horses  ;  at- 
tended by  the  Marquess  of  Exeter,  K.G.  Lord  Chamberlain  of  H.M.  Household,  and 
by  the  Marquess  of  Abercorn,  K.G.  Groom  of  the  Stole  to  His  Royal  Highness. 
Field  Officer  in  Brigade  Waiting,  Col.  W.  T.  Knollys. 

Heralds,  A.  W.  Woods,  esq.  Lancaster,  W.  A.  Blount,  esq.  Chester,  and  Norroy 
King-of-Arms,  Robert  Laurie,  esq.  in  a  mourning  coach. 

The  Great  Banner,  borne  by  Col.  J.  C.  Chatterton,  supported  by  Lieut.*Col. 
Henry  Daniell  and  Lieut.-Col.  John  Lawrenson,  on  horseback. 

Msgor-Gen.  de  Ebrichsen  and  Col.  Bause,  Aide-de-Camp  to  H.S.H.  the  Duke  of 
Brunswick,  representing  the  Army  of  Brunswick,  in  a  carriage. 

The  Baton  of  a  Captain-General  of  the  Spanish  Army,  borne  by  Major-Gen.  the 
Duke  of  Osuna,  supported  by  Col.  Don  Gabriel  de  Torres  and  Colonel  Don  de 
Augustin  Calvet  y  Lara,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

The  Baton  of  a  Field  Marshal  of  the  Russian  Army,  borne  by  Gen.  Prince  Gortch- 
akoff,  supported  by  Mtgor-Gen.  Count  fienkendorff  and  Lieut.-Col.  Tchemitzky,  in  a 
mourning  coach. 

The  Baton  of  a  Field  Marshal  of  the  Pmssian  Army,  borne  by  Gen«  the  Count  von 
Nostitz,  supported  by  Gen.  von  Scharnhorst  and  Lieut.-Greneral  Ton  Massow,  in  a 
mourning  coach. 

The  Baton  of  Marshal  General  of  the  Portuguese  Army,  borne  by  Marshal  the  Duke 
of  Terceira,  supported  by  Lieut-Gen.  the  Count  de  Villa  Real  and  Major  Don  Manuel 
de  Souza  Coutinho,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

The  Baton  of  a  Field  Marshal  of  the  Army  of  the  Netherlands,  borne  by  Lieut.- 
Gen.  the  Baron  D'Omphal,  supported  by  Capt  Gerers  and  Lieut.  W.  F.  Tindal,  in  a 
mourning  coach. 

The  Baton  of  a  Field  Marshal  of  the  Hanoverian  Army,  borne  by  Gen.  Sir  Hugh 
Halket,  C.B.  supported  by  Colonels  Poten  and  Marenholtz,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

The  Baton  of  a  Field  Marshal  of  the  British  Army,  borne  on  a  black  velvet  cushion, 
by  Field  Marshal  the  Marquess  of  Anglesey,  K.G.,  G.C.B.,  supported  by  Colonel  the 
Duke  of  Richmond,  K.G.,  and  Major-Gen.  the  Duke  of  Cleveland,  K.G.  in  a 
mourning  coach. 

The  Coronet  of  the  deceased,  on  a  black  velvet  cushion,  borne  by  Clarenceux  King 
of  Arms,  James  Pulman,  esq.  in  a  mourning  coach, :  between  two  Gentlemen  Ushers, 
George  Shaw  Lefevre,  esq.,  and  James  Heud  Pulman,  esq. 


1863.]  Funeral  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington.  79 

The  Pall-bearers,  in  two  mourning  coaches  :  Grenerals  Viscount  Combermere,  G.C.B., 
Marquess  of  Londonderry,  6.C.B.,  Sir  Peregrine  Maitland,  G.C.B.,  Viscount  Hard- 
inge,  G.C.Bm  Lord  8eaton,  G.C.B.,  Sir  Alex.  Woodford,  G.C.B.,  Viscount  Gough, 
G.C.B.,  and  Sir  C.  J.  Napier,  G.C.B. 

Band  of  the  Grenadier  Guards. 
THE  BODY, 

Placed  upon  a  Funeral  Car  drawn  by  twelve  horses,  and  decorated  with  trophies  and 
heraldic  atchievements,  the  hat  and  sword  of  the  deceased  being  placed  on  the  coffin. 
On  either  side  were  five  bannerols  of  the  lineage  of  the  deceased,  which  were  borne  by 
the  following  Officers  in  the  Army,  on  horseback :  Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  C.  £.  Napier, 
Lieut.-Col.  H.  R.  Jones,  Major  J.  H.  Purves,  Lieut.-Col.  H.  D.  Jones,  R.E.,  Lieut- 
Col.  Neil  Campbell,  Lieut.-Col.  Randal  Rumley,  Major  Walter  Unett,  Col.  Thomas 
Marten,  Lieut-Col.  G.  F.  Paschal,  and  Col.  T.  G.  Higgins,  R.A. 

Garter  Principal  Kiog-of-Arms,  Sir  Charles  George  Young,  Knt.  in  his  tabard  over 
hii  mourning  cloak,  and  carrying  his  Sceptre,  in  a  mourning  coach,  attended  by  two 
Gentlemen  Ushers,  James  Forbes  Young,  esq.  and  Charles  Waring  Young,  esq. 

The  Chief  Mourner,  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  in  a  long  mourning  cloak,  accom- 
paniedl  by  his  brother,  Lieut.-Colonel  Lord  Charles  Wellesley,  and  by  the  Hon.  and 
Rey.  Gerald  Wellesley,  and  also  by  his  Train-bearer,  the  Hon.  William  Wellesley,  in 
a  mourning  coach. 

The  Marquess  of  Salisbury,  K.G.  and  the  Marquess  of  Tweeddale,  K.T.,  Supporters 
to  the  Chief  Mourner,  in  mourning  cloaks,  embroidered  respectively  with  the  stars  of 
the  orders  of  the  Garter  and  Thistle,  and  the  Earl  of  Momington,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Earl  Cadogan,  Earl  of  Gifford,  Lord  Arthur  Hay,  and  the  Hon.  George  Darner, 
ABsistants  to  the  Chief  Mourner,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  R.  J.  Harvey,  Samuel  Bignold,  esq.  Assistants  to  the  Chief 
Mourner,  Viscount  Wellesley  and  Lieut-CoL  Charles  Bagot,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Lord  Raglan,  G.C.B.,  Hon.  Richard  Somerset,  Earl  of  Westmoreland,  C.C.B.,and 
Lord  Burgbersh,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Hon.  Julian  Fane,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Robert  Liddell,  Rev.  G.  D.  St.  Quentin,  and 
Viscount  Chelsea,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Col.  the  Hon.  G.  A.  F.  Liddell,  Lord  Cowley,  K.C.B.,  Lord  Robert  Grosvenor,  and 
Culling  Smith,  esq.  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Marquess  of  Worcester,*  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Wellesley,  Richard  Wellesley,  esq.  and 
Lord  Hatherton,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  the  Dean  of  Saint  Patrick,  Earl  of  Longford,  Major  the  Hon.  W.  L. 
Pakenham,  and  Capt.  the  Hon.  T.  A.  Pakeiiham,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Capt.  the  Hon.  F.  J.  Evans-Freke,  Lord  Burghley,  Capt  Edward  Pakenham,  and 
the  Rev.  Arthur  Pakenham,  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Capt.  T.  Pakenham,  Sir  Edmund  Hayes,  Bart.  Thomas  Thistlethwayte,  esq.  and 
Thomas  Stewart,  esq.  in  a  mourning  coach. 

John  Hamilton,  esq.  Thomas  Conolly,  esq.  Rev.  William  Foster,  and  the  Earl  of 
EUenborough,  G.C.B.  in  a  mourning  coach. 

A.  F.  Greville,  esq.  Lord  Colchester,  Viscount  Mahon,  and  the'  Hon.  R.  H.  Clive, 
in  a  mourning  coach. 

Lord  Downes,  K.C.B.,  Major-Gen.  C.  G.  J.  Arbuthnot,  Major-Gen.  the  Hon. 
George  Anson,  and  John  Parkinson,  esq.  in  a  mourning  coach. 

Henry  Arbuthnot,  esq.  Philip  Hardwick,  esq.  and  William  Booth,  esq.  in  a  mourning 
coach. 

The  late  Duke's  Horse,  led  by  John  Mears,  Groom  to  the  Deceased. 

Private  Carriages  of  the  Deceased  and  of  the  Chief  Mourner. 

Band  of  the  Royal  Marines,  Woolwich  Division. 

Officers  and  Men  from  every  Regiment  in  the  Service ;  consisting  of  one  Captain,  a 
Subaltern,  a  Sergeant,  a  Corporal,  and  five  Men  from  every  Regiment,  headed  by 
Major- Gen.  George  Augustus  Wetherall,  C.B.  Deputy- Adjutant-General. 
Band  of  Her  Majesty's  93rd  Highlanders. 

*  On  miUtfUT  duty  ia  the  proceasion. 


80  Domestic  Occurrences.  [Jan. 

Carriage  of  Her  Majesty  the  Queen,  drawn  by  six  horses. 

Two  Carriages  representing  Her  Majesty's  Suite,  each  drawn  by  six  horses. 

Carriage  of  H.R.H.  the  Duchess  of  Gloucester,  drawn  by  six  horses. 

Carriage  of  H.R.H.  the  Duchess  of  Kent,  drawn  by  six  horses. 

Carriage  of  H.R.H.  the  Duchess  of  Cambridge,  drawn  by  six  horses. 

Troops  closing  the  Procession. 


Within  Temple  Bar  the  Right  Hon.  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  his  State  Car- 
riage, and  attended  by  the  Recorder  and  a  Deputation  frpm  the  Aldermen  (eighteen  in 
number),  by  the  Sheriffs,  and  by  a  Deputation  from  the  Common  Council  (twelve  in 
number),  received  the  Procession.  The  three  carriages  containing  the  Deputation 
from  the  Common  Council  fell  into  the  Procession  immediately  after  the  Delegation 
from  the  University  of  Oxford.  The  two  carriages  containing  the  Sheriffs,  and  the 
four  containing  the  Recorder  and  Aldermen,  fell  into  the  Procession  between  tlie 
carriage  of  the  High  Sheriff  of  Hampshire  and  that  containing  the  Companions  of  the 
Order  of  the  Bath. 

The  carriage  of  the  Lord  Mayor,  who  bore  the  City  Sword,  was  placed  between  the 
carriages  of  H.  R.  H.  Prince  Albert  and  that  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

On  approaching  St.  Paul's  the  troops  moved  to  the  respective  posts  which  had  been 
assigned  to  them  ;  and  upon  the  Funeral  Car  reaching  the  flank  of  each  Battalion,  the 
Battalion  presented,  reversed,  and  rested  upon  its  arms  till  the  carriage  of  the  Chief 
Mourner  had  passed  its  flank.  Upon  arrival  at  the  Cathedral  the  Marshalmen  and 
Conductors  divided  and  ranged  themselves  on  each  side  of  the  foot  of  the  steps  without 
the  great  west  door  ;  the  Chelsea  and  Enrolled  Pensioners,  together  with  one  Soldier 
from  every  regiment  in  Her  Majesty's  service,  the  Royal  Marines,  and  six  Soldiers  of 
the  East  India  Company's  armies  of  Bengal,  Madras,  and  Bombay,  (two  Officers  from 
every  regiment  having  been  previously  provided  with  seats  in  the  nave  behind  the  place 
assigned  to  the  soldiers,)  proceeded  into  the  nave  and  filed  off  right  and  left. 

Upon  their  arrival  at  the  western  entrance  of  the  Cathedral,  the  Field  Officers 
carrying  the  Standard,  Guidon,  Banners,  and  Bannerols  were  relieved :  the  General 
Officers  appointed  to  carry  them  in  the  Church,  and  who  had  been  provided  with  seats 
in  the  centre  area,  were  conducted  down  the  nave  to  receive  them  by  Mr.  Courthope, 
Rouge  Croix  Pursuivant  of  Arms,  in  attendance  at  the  Cathedral  for  that  purpose. 

The  STANDARD  by  Major-Gen.  Sir  H.  G.  W.  Smith,  Bart.  G.C.B. 

The  GUIDON  by  Colonel  Richard  Airey,  in  the  unavoidable  absence  of  Gen.  Sir 
Howard  Douglas,  Bart  G.C.B. ,  G.C.M.G.,  who  had  been  nominated  to  that  duty. 

The  Banner  of  WELLESLEV,  by  Lieut-Gen.  Lord  Saltoun,  K.T.,  K.C.B. 

The  GREAT  BANNER,  by  Lieut.. Gen.  Sir  James  Macdonell,  K.C.B. 

The  Bannerols  of  the  Lineage  of  the  Deceased  were  borne  by  the  following 
General  Officers,  who  remained  at  the  western  entrance  until  the  Body  was  deposited 
on  the  bier  : — 

Cowley  and  Cusac,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  John  Wilson,  K.C.B. 
Trevor  and  Mostyn,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Thomas  M'Mahon,  Bart  K.C.B. 
CowLVY  and  Loptus,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Lord  Charles  S.  Manners,  K.C.B. 
Hill  and  Parsons,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  A.  B.  Clifton,  K.C.B. 
Cowley  and  Peyton,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Willoughby  Cotton,  G.C.B. 
Hill  and  Boyle,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  G.  H.  F.  Berkeley,  K.C.B. 
Wellesley  and  Hill,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  George  Scovell,  K.C.B. 
Hill  and  Trevor,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Frederick  Stovin,  K.C.B. 
Wellesley  and  Pakenham,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  W.  F.  P.  Napier,  K.C.B. 
Hill  and  Morres,  by  Major-Gen.  Lord  Sandys. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert,  carrying  his  Baton  as  Field  Marshal,  preceded 
by  the  Lord  Mayor  bearing  the  City  Sword,  passed  to  the  centre  area  and  took  his 
seat  on  the  right  hand  of  the  Chief  Mourner ;  the  Lord  Mayor  stood  near  H.R.  High- 
ness ;  the  Suite  of  His  Royal  Highness  took  their  places  near  His  Royal  Highness. 
H.  R.  H.  the  Duke  of  Cambridge  occupied  a  chair  near  H,  R.  H.  Prince  Albert ;  his 
Staff  remaining  near  His  Royal  HighneM. 
10 


1 858.]  Funeral  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  8 1 

The  Body,  when  taken  from  the  Car,  was  received  at  the  great  western  entrance  by 
the  Bishop  of  London,  the  Dean,  Canons,  and  Prebendaries  of  the  Cathedral,  together 
with  the  Minor  Canons  and  Choir.  Upon  moving  up  the  nave  the  Minor  Canons, 
Vicars  Choral,  &c.  commenced  singing  the  sentences  in  the  Office  for  Burial,  *•  I  am 
the  Resurrection  and  the  Life.'* 

The  Body  was  borne  into  the  Church,  attended  and  supported  as  follows : — 
The  Spurs,  borne  by  G.  H.  R.  Harrison,  Esq.  Windsor  Herald. 
Helmet  and  Crest,  borne  by  M.  C.  H.  Gibbon,  Esq.  Richmond  Herald. 
Sword  and  Target,  borne  by  A.  W.  Woods,  Esq.  Lancaster  Herald. 
Surcoat,  borne  by  W.  A.  Blount,  Esq.  Chester  Herald. 
The  Officers  representing  the  Array  of  Brunswick,  and  the  Foreign  Batons  of  the 
Deceased,  carried  by  the  distinguished  Foreigners,  supported  as  before. 

The  Baton  of  the  Deceased,  as  Field  Marshal  of  the  British  Army,  borne  by  Field 
Marshal  the  Marquess  of  Anglesey,  K.G.,  G.C.B.,  and  supported  as  before. 

The  Coronet  and  Cushion,  borne  by  Clarenceux  King-of-Arms. 
The  Body,  between  the  eight  Pall -bearers,  and  ten  Supporters  of  the  Bannerols. 

THE  BODY. 
Garter  Principal  King-of-Arms. 

THE    CHIEF    MOURNER, 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  ' 
Supporter,  in  a  long  mourning  cloak.  Supporter, 

The  Marquess  of  his  train  borne  by  the  The  Marquess  of 

Tweeddale,  K.T.  Hon.  William  Wellesley.  Salisbury,  K.G. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  Gerald  Wellesley.  Lord  Charles  Wellesley. 

Assistants  to  the  Chief  Mourner  (already  named). 
Relations  and  Friends  of  the  Deceased  (already  named). 

The  Body  being  placed  on  a  Bier  and  the  Pall  removed,  the  Hat  and  Sword  were 
taken  from  the  Coffin,  and  the  Coronet  and  Cushion  placed  thereon,  as  also  the 
deceased's  Baton  as  Field  Marshal  of  the  British  Army.  The  Choir  then  chanted  the 
39th  Psalm,  "  JJixi  Custodiam,"  and  the  90th  Psalm,  "  Domine,  Rrfuginm^*'  (the 
music  of  the  two  Psalms  composed  by  the  Earl  of  Mornington,)  immediately  after 
which  an  Anthem  was  sung  (the  music  by  Mr.  John  Goss,  Organist  of  Saint  PauPs). 
The  Dean,  Dr.  Milman,  then  read  the  lesson;  after  which  •'  Nunc  Dimittis  "  (the  music 
by  Beethoven)  was  chanted,  followed  by  a  Dirge,  accompanied  by  Trumpets  (the  music 
also  by  Mr.  Goss).  The  Dirge  being  concluded,  the  Body  was  lowered  into  the  Vault, 
amid  the  solemn  strains  of  the  Dead  March  ;  after  which  the  Choir  sang  "  Man  that  t* 
bom  of  a  woman,*'  and  other  sentences  (music  by  Croft  and  Purcell).  After  the  com- 
mittal, the  whole  Choir  sang  the  sentence  ^^  I  heard  a  voice  from  Heaven,*^  (music  by 
Croft)  ;  the  remainder  of  the  Service  followed  ;  and  at  the  conclusion  of  the  Collect  was 
sung  the  Anthem  ''His  Body  i*  buried  in  peace**  (from  Handel's  Funeral  Anthem), 
and  the  Burial  Service  being  ended.  Garter  advanced  from  his  place  at  the  foot  of  the 
coffin,  and  proclaimed  the  Style  of  the  deceased,  as  follows  : — 

"  Thus  it  hath  pleased  Almighty  God  to  take  out  of  this  transitory  life  unto  His  Divine 
Mercy,  the  late  Most  High,  Mighty,  and  Most  Noble  Prince,  Arthur,  Duke  and  Mar- 
quess of  Wellington,  Marquess  Douro,  Earl  of  Wellington,  Viscount  Wellmgton  and 
Baron  Douro  ;  Knight  of  the  Most  Noble  Order  of  the  Garter,  Knight  Grand  Cross  of 
the  Most  Honourable  Order  of  the  Bath,  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Most  Honourable  Privy 
Council,  and  Field  Marshal  and  Commander-in-Chief  of  Her  Majesty's  Forces  ;  Field 
Marshal  of  the  Austrian  Array,  Field  Marshal  of  the  Hanoverian  Army,  Field  Marshal 
of  the  Army  of  the  Netherlands,  Marshal- General  of  the  Portuguese  Army,  Field- 
Marshal  of  the  Prussian  Army,  Field  Marshal  of  the  Russian  Army,  and  Captain-Gene- 
ral of  the  Spanish  Army ;  Prince  of  Waterloo,  of  the  Kingdom  of  the  Netherlands ; 
Duke  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo  and  Grandee  of  Spain  of  the  First  Class  ;  Duke  of  Vittoria, 
Marque?s  of  Torres  Vedras,  and  Count  of  Vimiera  in  Portugal ;  Knight  of  the  Most 
Illustrious  Order  of  the  Golden  Fleece,  and  of  the  Military  Orders  of  St.  Ferdinand 
and  of  St.  Hqrmenigilde  of  Spain ;  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Orders  of  the  Black 
Eagle  and  of  the  Red  Eagle  of  Prussia ;  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Imperial  Military 
Order  of  Maria  Teresa  of  Austria;  Knight  of  the  Imperial  Orders  of  St.  Andrew, 
St.  Alexander  Newski,  and  St.  George  of  Russia ;  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Royal 
Portuguese  Military  Order  of  the  Tower  and  Sword;  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Roya( 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX.  M 


82 


Domestic  Occurrences* 


[Jan. 


and  Military  Order  of  the  Sword  of  Sweden;  Knight  of  the  Order  of  St.  Esprit  of 
France ;  Knight  of  the  Order  of  the  Elephant  of  Denmark  ;  Knight  Grand  Cross  of 
the  Royal  Hanoverian  Guelphic  Order ;  Knight  of  the  Order  of  St.  Januarius  and  of 
the  Military  Order  of  St.  Ferdinand  and  of  Merit  of  the  Two  Sicilies  ;  Knight  Grand 
Cross  of  the  Supreme  Order  of  the  Annunciation  of  Sardinia  ;  Knight  Grand  Cross  of 
the  Royal  Military  Order  of  Maximilian  Joseph  of  Bavaria ;  Knight  of  the  Royal 
Order  of  the  Rue  Crown  of  Saxony ;  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Order  of  Military 
Merit  of  Wurtemberg ;  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Military  Order  of  William  of  the 
Netherlands  ;  Knight  of  the  Order  of  the  Golden  Lion  of  Hesse  Cassell ;  and  Knight 
Grand  Cross  of  the  Orders  of  Fidelity  and  of  the  Lion  of  Baden." 

The  Comptroller  of  the  Household  of  the  Deceased  then  advanced,  and  breaking  his 
Staff,  delivered  the  pieces  to  Garter,  by  whom  they  were  deposited  in  the  Grave. 

The  hymn,  "  Sleepers  awake,"  (the  music  by  Mendelssohn,)  was  then  sung,  and 
■  upon  its  conclusion,  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London  pronounced  the  Blessing ;  after  which, 
upon  a  signal  given,  the  guns  at  the  Tower  fired,  and  the  Trumpets  sounded  a  wail  at 
the  Western  Entrance  of  the  Cathedral,  which  concluded  the  Ceremony. 

Mr.  Goss  presided  at  the  Organ,  and  Mr.  Turle,  Organist  of  Westminster  Abbey, 
led  the  Choir. 

main  features  of  which  were  as  follow  : — 
The  Malt-tax  and  the  Hop-duty  to  be  re- 
duced each  one-half;  by  which  a  loss  of  re- 
venue.would  be  caused  of  nearly  2,000,000/. 
a  year.  To  make  up  this  deficiency,  the 
House-tax  to  be  doubled ;  shops  to  be 
charged  a  shilling  in  the  pound  instead  of 
sixpence  ;  dwellings  to  pay  eighteenpence 
in  the  pound  instead  of  ninepence  ;  and 
the  limit  of  exemption  to  extend  so  as  to 
include  all  houses,  whether  shops  or 
dwellings,  rated  at  10/.  a  year.  The  In- 
come-tax to  be  extended  to  all  whose 
yearly  gains  by  trade  or  labour  amount  to 
100/.  a  year ;  and  to  all  whose  incomes 
are  derived  from  property,,  in  lands  or 
houses,  amounting  to  50/.  a  year.  Indus- 
trial incomes  to  be  only  charged,  however, 
two  per  cent,  while  those  derived  from 
property  remain  as  now,  chargeable  with 
three.  The  duty  on  Tea  to  be  gradually 
reduced  in  the  course  of  seven  years  from 
two  shillings  and  fourpence  halfpenny  per 
pound  to  a  shilling:  in  1853  fourpence 
farthing  to  be  taken  off,  and  every  suc- 
cessive year  twopence  until  1860.  Pilot- 
age to  be  referred  to  a  committee  or  com- 
mission ;  and  certain  passing-tolls  and  light- 
dues,  together  with  salvage-charges,  to  be 
transferred  to  the  Consolidated  Fund. 

A  decided  opposition  to  the  whole  of 
the  Chancellor's  scheme  was  taken  on 
Friday  the  10th  of  Dec.  when  an  amend- 
ment to  the  order  of  the  day  for  a  Com- 
mittee of  Ways  and  Meane  was  moved  by 
Mr.  T.  Duncombe  and  seconded  by  Mr. 
John  Walter.  The  debate  was  continued 
during  four  evenings  to  Tharsday  the  15th, 
when  the  Committee  divided,  Ayes  S86, 
Noes  305,  being  a  majority  against  Minis- 
ters of  Nineteen.  The  next  day,  after  a 
Cabinet  Council,  the  Earl  of  Derby  re- 
paired to  Osborne  to  tender  the  resigna- 
tion of  Ministers  to  the  Qnetfn  ;  which 
was  graciously  accepted,  and  the  Earl  of 
Aberdeen  was  summoned  to  her  Majesty 'u 

COUDCils. 


The  Gazette  contains  a  catalogue  of  the 
distinguished  persons  who  were  present  at 
the  solemnity,  in  addition  to  those  who  have 
been  already  described  as  taking  a  more 
active  part.  After  naming  H.R.H.  the 
Duchess  of  Cambridge  and  H.R.H.  the 
Princess  Mary,  the  names  of  sixteen  foreign 
ambassadors  are  recited,  with  whom  were 
placed  the  Dyke  of  Brabant  and  Count  of 
Flanders,  sons  of  the  King  of  the  Belgians, 
H.S.H.  the  Prince  of  liciuingen,  K.G., 
H.S.H.  the  Prince  of  Hohenlohe  Langen- 
burg,  G.C.B.,  and  Prince  Hermann  of 
Hohenlohe  Langenburg.  The  Peers  to 
whom  tickets  were  issued  were  in  number 
136 ;  the  Members  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, 132;  the  Peeresses  (including  27 
dowagers),  186  ;  eldest  sons  of  Peers,  II ; 
Members  of  the  Privy  Council,  37  ;  Vice- 
Chancellors,  Justices  of  both  Benches,  and 
Barons  of  the  Exchequer,  13;  Law  Officers 
of  the  Crown,  6  ;  Knights  Grand  Cross  of 
the  Bath  (besides  those  more  i)rominently 
engaged),  3  ;  Knights  Commanders,  25  ; 
Companions,  109  ;  Aide-de-camps  to  the 
Queen,  16  ;  members  of  the  Town  Council 
of  Edinburgh,  24;  of  the  Municipal  Council 
of  Dublin,  15  ;  of  the  delegation  from  the 
University  of  Oxford  (not  taking  part  in 
the  procession),  26  ;  members  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge,  1 7  ;  deputation  from 
the  Cinque  Ports,  12  ;  Corporation  of  the 
Trinity  House,  8 ;  deputation  from  the 
East  India  Company,  <). 

Not  only  was  the  day  of  the  Duke's 
funeral  observed  by  a  general  cessation 
from  business,  by  churdh  services,  and 
other  tokens  of  public  observance  in  most 
of  the  towns  of  the  united  kingdom,  but 
at  the  capital  of  Prussia  a  funeral  service 
was  performed  in  the  garrison  church, 
which  was  attended  by  detachments  of  all 
the  troops  in  garrison  in  Berlin,  the  gene- 
rals, officers,  and  princes  of  the  royal  family. 

On  the  3rd  Dec.  the  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer  (Mr.  Disraeli)  disclosed  his 
Budget  in  the  House  of  CommoiUy  the 


83 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Preferments. 

-iVof,  11.  Royal  Artillery,  brevet  Major  T.  A* 
Shone  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 

Nov.  19.  Sir  Robert  Horsford,  Knt.,  Chief 
Justice  of  Antigua  and  Montserrat,  to  be  C.B. 
of  the  Civil  Division  ;  William  a'Beckett,  esq. 
Chief  Justice  of  Victoria,  knighted  by  patent. 

Nov.  22.  Sir  Samuel  George  Bonhara,  K.C.B. 
Governor  and  Commander  in  Chief  of  Hong 
Kong,  and  Plenipotentiary  and  Chief  Superint. 
of  British  Trade  in  China,  created  a  Baronet. 

Nov.  23.  The  Master  of  the  Rolls,  Vice- 
Chancellors  Turner  and  Kindersley,  the  Dean 
of  the  Arches*  Court,  the  Judge  of  the  High 
Court  of  Admiralty,  Mr.  Justice  Crompton, 
Sir  Jatnes  Graham,  Bart.,  the  Right  Hon. 
J.  W.  Henley,  Sir  John  Dorney  Harding,  Knt., 
Advocate-General.  Sir  William  Pag-e  Wood, 
Knt.,  Richard  Bethell,  esq.,  John  Rolt,  esq. 
Q.C.,  and  Wm.  M.  James,  esq.  barrister-at- 
law,  to  be  Commissioners  for  continuing  the 
Chancery  Inquiry^  and  for  inquiring  into  the 
law  and  jurisdiction  of  the  Ecclesiastical  and 
other  Courts  in  relation  to  matters  testamen- 
tary.—Royal  Marines,  brevet  Majors  Hugh 
Evans,  S.  R.  Wesley,  Assist.-Adjutant-Geu., 
and  Thomas  Fynmore,  to  be  Lieut. -Colonels.— 
The  Hon.  R.  Bingham,  late  Secretary  of  Lega- 
tion at  Naples,  to  be  Charg(^  d'Auaires  and 
Consul-General  in  the  Republic  of  Venezuela ; 
W.  R.  Holmes,  esq.,  now  Vice-Consul  at 
Batoom.  to  be  Consul  at  Diarbektr;  Robert 
Campbell,  esq.,  now  Vice-Consul  at  Venice, 
to  be  Consul  at  Dunkirk  ;  Daniel  Brooke 
Robertson,  esq.,  now  Vicc-Consui  at  Shang- 
hai, to  be  Consul  at  Amoy  ;  John  George  Cope 
L.  Newnham,  esq.,  to  be  Consul  in  Liberia. 

Nov.  26.  41st  Foot,  Cant.  James  Eman  to 
be  Major.— Hospital  Staff,  Surgeon  Thomas 
David  Hume,  M.D.,  from  82d  Foot,  to  be  Staff* 
Surgeon  of  the  First  Class ;  Assist. -Surgeon 
Cosmo  Gordon  Logie,  M.D.,  from  Cth  Dra- 
goons, and  Surgeon  Henry  Cooper  Reade,  from 
Sd  Foot,  to  be  Staff  Surgeons  of  the  Second 
Class.— Brevet,  Capt.  T.  C.  Hammill,  Ceylon 
Rifle  Regt.  to  be  Major  and  Lieut. -Col.  in  the 
Army:  Capt.  Henry  Phillipps,  of  6th  Foot,  to 
be  Major  and  Lieut.-Colonel  in  the  Army. 

Nov.  30.  >\illiam  M.  Edye,  esq.  to  be  Res. 
Magistrate  of  Fort  Peddie,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Dorsetshire  Yeomanry  Cavalry,  Capt.  Henry 
Frampton  to  be  Major.— South  Hants  Militia, 
Robert  Miller  Muiidy,  brevet  Major  h.  p. 
R.  Art.,  to  be  Major.— 1st  West  York  Militia, 
the  Hon.  Egremont  William  Lascelles  to  be 
Major.- Tower  Hamlets  Militia,  Capt.  W.  L. 
Grant  to  be  Major. 

Decl.  Colonel  Everard  Wm.  Bouverie,  of 
the  Royal  Horse  Guards,  to  be  Equerry  in 
Ordinary  to  Her  Majesty. 

Dec.  2.  Knighted  by  patent,  Charles  Robert 
Mitchell  Jackson,  esq.  Puisne  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  at  Bombay.  • 

Dec.  3.  17th  Foot,  brevet  Lieut-Col.  Philip 
M'Pherson,  C.B.  to  be  Lieut.-Col. ;  Capt.  O.  P. 
Bourke  to  be  Major.— 97th  Foot,  Major-Gen. 
H.  A.  Proctor,  C.B.  to  bo  Colonel —Staff", 
Lieut.-Col.  John  Stoyte,  from  I7th  Foot,  to  be 
Insp.  Field  Officer  of  a  Recruiting  District. 

Dec.  13.  Royal  Marines,  brevet  Majors  J.  T. 
Brown  and  E.  A.  Parker  to  be  Lieut. Colonels. 

Dec.  14.    Francis  Hartwell  Henslowt,  esq. 
to  be  Clerk  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Van 
Diemen's   Land ;   Capel    Hanbury   Williams,  • 
esq.  and  Sir  Theophilus  St.  George,  Bart,  to 
be  Assistant  Magistrates  for  Natal,  in  South 


Africa.— 93d  Foot,  Major-Gen.  Edward  Parkin- 
son, C.B.  to  be  Colonel. 

Dec.  15.  Royal  Artillery,  brevet  Major  A.  A. 
Shuttleworth  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 

Dec.  17-  F.  D.  Orme,  esq.,  now  paid  attachd 
at  Frankfort,  to  be  Secretary  of  Legation  at 
Copenhagen;  Capt.  the  Hon.  E.  A.  Harris, 
R.N.,  now  Consul  for  Denmark,  to  be  Charge 
d'Affaires  and  Consul-Gen.  in  Peru;  James 
Baker,  esq.,  now  Consul  at  Vigo,  to  be  Consul 
at  Barcelona  ;  and  Were  Giffard  Nicolas,  esq., 
now  Consul  at  Mobile,  to  be  Consul  at  Vigo. — 
85th  Foot,  Capt.  J.  W.  Grey  to  be  Maior.— 
Brevet,  Capt.OCavenagh,  32d  Bengal  N.  Inf.  to 
be  Major  in  the  East  Inaies  — W.  C.  Howatson, 
M.D.  to  be  Assistant  Surgeon  to  the  Forces, 

Dec.  20.  Wyndham  Aloreton  Dyer,  esq.  to 
be  Consul  at  Mobile;  Bridges  Taylor,  esq.  to 
be  Consul  for  Denmark  and  the  Oresound; 
George  Harris,  esq.  to  be  Consul-General  in 
the  Lombardo- Venetian  States  and  the  Aus- 
trian territories  on  the  Adriatic ;  George  Can- 
ning Backhouse,  esq.  to  be  Judge  in  the  Mixed 
Court  established  at  the  Havannah,  under  the 
Treaty  of  J835,  between  Great  Britain  and 
Spain,  for  the  Abolition  of  thfe  Slave  Trade. 

Dec.  21.  Adam  Murray  Alexander,  esq.  to 
be  Second  Puisne  Judge  of  British  Guiana. 

Dec.  22.  Dr.  Henry  Holland,  of  Brook-st. 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians,  and 
a  Physician  in  Ordinary  to  H.ll.H.  Prince 
Albert,  to  be  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Physicians 
in  Ordinary,  vice  Dr.  W.  F.  Chambers,  res. 

Dec.  23.  Belford  Hinton  Wilson,  esq.,  some 
time  Charge^  d'Affaires  and  Consul-General  to 
Venezuela,  to  be  K.C.B.  of  the  Civil  Division ; 
and  William  Fenwick  Williams,  esq.  Capt. 
R.  Art.  and  brevet  Lieut.  Colonel  in  the  Army, 
some  time  employed  on  a  special  service  in 
Turkey,  to  be  CB.  of  the  Civil  Division.— 
Capt.  George  Edw.  Wade  to  be  Civil  Commis- 
sioner and  Collector  of  Taxes  for  the  Seychelles 
Islands.— Thomas  Kelly,  esq.  M.D.  to  be  an 
Assistant  Magistrate  for  the  district  of  Natal. 

Dec.  24.  11th  Light  Dragoons,  brevet  M^jor 
John  Douglas  to  be  Major.— 79th  Foot,  Major 
E.  J.  Elliot  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel ;  brevet  Major 
John  Douglas  to  be  Major.— 95tli  Foot,  Major 
James  Webber  Smith  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel: 
Capt.  Henry  Hume  to  be  Major.— 1st  West 
India  Regt.  Assist.-Surgeon  Robert  John  Cole, 
M.D.,  from  20th  Foot,  to  be  Surgeon.— 3d  West 
India  Regt.  Major  Inigo  William  Jones,  from 
nth  Light  Dragoons,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel  — 
Brevet,  Capt.  John  Digby  Murray,  of  5th  Dra- 
goon Guards,  to  be  Alajor  and  Lieut.-Colonel 
in  the  Army :  Capt.  Tobias  Purcell,  of  the  90th 
Foot,  to  be  Major  and  Lieut.-Col.  in  the  Army. 


Civil  Preferments. 

J.  Pitt  Taylor,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  to  be 
Judge  of  the  Lambeth  County  Court  of  Surrey, 
and  of  the  County  Court  of  Kent,  to  be  holden 
at  Greenwich,  vice  Chilton,  Q.C.  deceased. 

Joseph  Long,  esq.  to  be  President  of  the 
Money  Order  Department  in  the  General  Post 
Office,  Dublin. 

F.  Winn  Knight,  esq.  M.P.  for  Worcester- 
shire (W.),  to  be  Parliamentary  Secretary  to 
the  Poor  I^w  Board,  rice  Sir  J.  R.  Tennent. 

Wm.  Edward  Huller,  esq.  late  of  14th  Light 
Dragoons,  to  be  Deputy-Governor  of  the  De- 
fence convict  hulk  at  Woolwich. 

Mr.  James  Martin,  of  Ross,  to  be  Auditor 


84 


JScclesiasiical  Preferments: 


[Jan. 


of  Union  Accounts  in  the  Poor  Law  Board, 
Ireland. 

Major-General  the  Hon.  George  Anson.  M.P. 
to  be  Giairman  of  the  London  and  North 
Western  Railway  Company,  vice  Glyn. 


Naval  Preferments. 

Nov.  25.  Captains  T.  Fisher  to  Magicienne 
and  J.  H.  H.  Glasse  to  Vulture. 

Nov.  27.    Comm.  Cumberland,  to  London. 

Dec.  S  Capt.  Sir  T.  Herbert,  KC.B.  to  be 
Rear^Adrairal  of  the  Blue. 

Rear-Adrairal  the  Hon.  Sir  Fleetwood  B.  R. 
Pellew,  C.B.,  K.C.H.  to  be  Comraander-in- 
Chie/of  the  East  India  Station.— Capt.  George 
Goldsmith  to  Sidon.— Commanders  Thomas 
Miller  to  Penelope;  O.  Cumberland  to  Ocean. 

Dec.  11.    Comm.  Hyde  Parker  to  Cruiser. 

Dec.25.  Vice-Adm.  Sir  T.Cochrane,  K.C.B. 
to  be  Commander-in-Chief  at  Portsmouth.— 
Comm.  G.  T.  P.  Hornby  to  be  Captain.— 
Lieut.  \V.  Burden  to  be  Commander.— Capt. 
W.  W.  Chambers  to  Desperate  steam-sloop ; 
Capt.  Francis  Scott  to  Odin  steam-frigate; 
Capt.  C.  G.  E.  Patey  to  Ampbion  steam- 
ftigate ;  Capt.  Hyde  Parker  to  Firebrand 
steam-frigate;  Comm.  Hon.  George  H.  Doug- 
las to  Cruiser  steam-sloop ;  Comm.  J.  C.  Bailey 
to  Aledea  steam-sloop;  Comm.  George  Parker 
to  Barracoota  st^m-sloop ;  Comm.  Richard 
Purvis  to  command  Argus  steam-sloop. 


Members  returned  to  serve  in  Parliament. 

Abingdon.— Lord  Norreys. 
Bury  St.  Bdmund't.—i.  H.  P.  Oakes,  esq. 
Durham  City.— Lord  Adolphus  F.  C.W.  Vane. 
Liebtirn. — Rosrer  Johnson  Smyth,  esq. 
Merthyr  TVr/t'i/.— Henry  Austin  Bruce,  esq. 
Oldham.— "Wm.  Johnson  Fox,  esq. 
P^/^ftoroM^A.— Geo.  Hammond  whalley,  esq. 


Ecclesiastical  Prefermknts. 

Rev.  C.  Dodgson  (R.  of  Croft),  Canonry-Resi- 
dentiary  in  Ripon  Cathedral. 

Rev.  D.  Foley,  Kilbragh  Prebend,  dio.  Cashel. 

Rev.  C.  Wolsley,  St.  Werburgh*8  R.  and  to  the 
Chancellorship  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of 
St.  Patrick,  Dublin. 

Rev.  E.  Allen,  Castle  Church  P.C.  Staffordsh. 

Rev.  C.  H.  Archer,  Throwley  R.  Devon. 

Rev.  W.  D.  Astley,  East  Langdon  R.  Kent. 

Rev.  T.  Bacon,  King's  Worthy  R.  Hants. 

Rev.  J.  Baillie,  Nunburnholme  R.  Yorkshire, 
and  the  Canonry  of  Wistow.in  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  York. 

Rev.  F.  H.  Barker,  Sedgeberrow  R.  Wore. 

Rev.  W.  Bateson,  Woodhead  P.C.  Cheshire. 

Rev.  A.  Baynham,  Charlton  V.  Wilts. 

Rev.  R.  E.  Brooke,  St.  Luke  P.C.  Cheetham, 
Manchester. 

Rev.  H.  N.  T.  Busfield,  St.  James  P.C.  Brad- 
ford, Yorkshire. 

Rev.  G.  Craig.  Aghanloo  R.  dio.  Derry. 

Rev.  A.  K.  Crowder,  Episcopal  Chapel,  Dunse, 
Scotland. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Dalison,  Manton  R.  Lincolnshire. 

Rev.  H.  J-  A.  F.  de  Salis.  Fringford  R.  Oxf. 

Rev.  R.  D.  Duffield,  Calcethorpe  C.  Line. 

Rev.  H.  P.  Edwards,  LUnspythid  V.  Breck- 
nockshire. 

Rev.  T.  R.  Ellis,  GyfRn  P.C.  Carnarvonshire. 

Rev.  J.  Farlam,  Tosside  P.C.  Yorkshire. 

Rev.  J.  T.  R.  Fussell,  Chantry  P.C  Somerset. 

Rev.C  Galway,  Lower  Badoney  R.  dio.  Derry. 

Rev.  P.  I*.  Gilbert,  High  Halden  R.  Kent. 

Rev.  T.  Gurney,  Ail  Saints*  and  St.  Julian  R. 
Norwich. 

Rev.  W.  Hayes,  Stockton-Heath  P.C.  Cheshire. 


Rev.  H.  E.  Heaton,  Llangedwin  P.C.  Denb. 

Rev.  M.  Hetherington,  Mungrisdnle  PC.Cumb. 

Rev.  W.  Hughes,  Killymard  R.  dio.  Raphoe. 

Rev.  R.  S.  Hunt,.  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Mark- 
beach,  Kent. 

Rev.  E.  H.  James,  Letcomb-Regis  V.  w.  East 
and  West  Challow  C.  Berks. 

Rev.  G.  Jenkins,  Manaton  R.  Devon. 

Rev.  W.  Knight,  OuRhtibridge  P.C.  Yorkshire. 

Rev.  —  LyalT,  St.  Dionis  Backchurch  R.  Lond. 

Rev.  T.  B.  Macnamara,  St.  George  P.C.  Water- 
loo, Lancashire. 

Rev.  W.  Marshall.  Ilton  V.  Somerset. 

Rev.  W.  S.  Maturm,  Thurgarton  R.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  C.  Maxwell,  Lower  Cumber  R.  dio.  Derry. 

Rev.  J.  Milner,  Elton  R.  Durham. 

Rev.  W.  D.  Morrice,  Longbridge-Deverill  V. 
Monckton-DeverillC.andCrockertonC.  Wilts. 

Rev.  J.  Orr,  St.  Andrew  Episcopal  Chapel, 
Rodney  Street,  Glasgow. 

Rev.  T.  C.  Owen,  Llanbedrog  R.  w.  Llanvi- 
hangel-B&chelleth  C.  and  Llangian  C.  Carn. 

Rev.  R.  Parker,  Well  R.  w.  Claxby  V.  Line. 

Rev.  H.  V.  Pickering,  Ashfield  P.C  Suffolk. 

Rev.  IL  S.  Pigot,  Horwich  P.C.  Lancashire. 

Rev.  H.  A.  Plow,  Bradley  R.  Hants. 

Rev.  S.  B.  Pluramer,Tintinhull  P.C.  Somerset. 

Rev.  R.  A.  Prichard,  Ashley  R.  Wilts. 

Rev.  W.  St.  G.  Sargent,  Kimberley  PC. Notts. 

Rev.  P.  H.  Schoales,  Arva  P.C.  dio.  Kilmore. 

Rev.  C.  Seymour,  Lower  Movllle  R.  dio.  Derry. 

Rev.  C  C  Sharpe,  Ince  P.C.  Cheshire. 

Rev.  A.  C.  Smith,  Yatesbury  R.  Wilts. 

Rev.  T.  P.  Sproule,  Scaldwell  R.  Northampt. 

Rev.  T.  Stanton.  Burbaue  V.  Wilts. 

Rev.  A.  H.  Stogdon,  Ovington  R.  Hants. 

Rev.  R.  H.  Taylor,  Halwell  R.  Devon. 

Rev.  E.Tliompson,  Middleton-Scriven  R.  Salop. 

Rev.  J.  T.  Walker,  Ashdon  R.  Essex. 

Rev.  J.  W.  S.  Watkin,  Stixwold  V.  Lincolnsh. 

Rev.  E.  B.  Webster,  Bassenthwaite  P.C  Cumb. 

Rev.  S.  K.  Webster,  Ingham  V.  Lincolnshire. 

Rev.  —  Wilkinson,  Attercliflfe  P.C.  Yorkshire. 

Ih  Chaplaincies. 

Rev.  G.  L.  Allen,  Deesa,  H.E.I.C.S. 

Rev.  S.  T.  Bartlett,  D.C.L.  to  Lord  Downes. 

Rev.  S.  Real,  H.M.S.  Queen.' 

Rev.  T.  W   Bennett,  H.M  S.  St.  George. 

Rev.  J.  V.  Bull,  Madras  Division  of  the  Army 

of  Ava. 
Rev.  H.  B.  Burney,  Bengal  Division  of  the 

Army  of  Ava. 
Rev.  H.  F.  Edgell,  HM.S.  Agamemnon. 
Rev.  F.  Fisher,  Mooradabad  and  Nainee  Tal, 

Rev.  j'.  Gollock,  St.  Luke's,  Cork. 

Rev.  C  D.  Hamilton,  Cawnpore,  H.E.I.C.S. 

Rev.   E.   Horton,    City   and  County  Lunatic 

Asylum,  Worcester. 
Rev.  W.  J.  Jay,  Futtehgurh,  H.E.I.C.S. 
Rev.  H.  Kirwan,  Lucknow,  H.E.I.C.S. 
Rev.  F.Lipscomb,  Union.  Hampstead,  Middx. 
Rev.  G.  Morison,  Nusseerabad  and  Neemuch, 

H.E.I.C.S. 
Rev.  C  S.  P.  Parish,  Moulmein,  H.E.I.C.S. 
Rev.W.  H.Schwabe,  Malcolm  Peth,  H.E.I.C.S. 
Rev.  E.  C  Wilshere,  British  C.  Gottenburg. 
Rev.  J.  Wise,  the  Island  of  Ceylon. 

Collegiate  and  Scholastic  Appointments. 

Rev.  J.  L.  Balfour,  Head  Master  Kepier  Gram- 
mar School,  Houghton-le-Spring.  Durham. 

Rev.  T.  Chevallier,  Sub-Waraen  of  University 
College,  Durham. 

G.  Clarke,  M.A.  Third  Mastership,  Reptun 
School.  Derbyshire. 

Rev.  F.J.  Fairhead,  Head  Mastership,  Guild- 
ford Grammar  School,  Surrey. 

J.  Roberta,  M.A.  Classical  Lecturer,  Sidney 
Sussex  College,  Cambridge. 

Rev.  T.  Williams,  Vice-Principal  of  St.  Mark's 
College,  Chelsea. 


1853.] 


Births — Marriages . 


85 


BIRTHS. 


yotK  5,    In  Park  place,  St.  jAmea^a»  Lady 

Geor;riana  Codrinffton,  a  ilau. 13.    In  the 

East  Indies,  Mn.  Arthur  St.  Jdlin  Mtldmay,  a 

f'On. H.     In  Upper  Uarli^y  at.  Laiiy  LaurA 

Palmeft  »   iliu.— 19.    Ar    Taw^rock  court, 

evoii,  the  wife  of  Edward  Wetd,  esq,  adAii. 

—At  Oare  honw?,  near  Marlbomii^(li,  the  wife 
Major  Peura,  C.U.  Madras  Kn^.  a  son.— 

.    In  Chester  terr.  Reffcnt^s  park,  the  Hon. 

Ady  Pearson,  a  da ti, At  Stanford  rectory, 

_   fore,  the  wi/e  of  th?  Itev.  Edw.  W.  Ini^mm, 

a  dau. 23.    At  Hsle  house,  near  Salislmry, 

Lady  Adeta  Goff,  a  dau. At   Washinirton 

r«  (t.>ry.  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  L.  W. 
*  I    11  nil,  .1  diD. — -At  Anfordby.  Leir.  the  wife 

|.t.  Cheslyn,   a  dau, -At  KJrskill  hajl, 

^hJrc,  the  wife  of  Frnncis  Darwin,  estj.  a 

«.u(j. 27.    At  Woburn  pi,  the  wife  of  W.  P. 

Jonifff.   esq.   barrisler'al-law*   a    son. At 

A,^fnin»ter,  the  wife  of  John  HaK'g:eraton^  ejsq. 

&f  Reed^ifDouth.  Northurab.  aaonand  heir. 

It  Toulon,  the  wife  of  Gen.  the  Rt,  Hon.  Sir 

Pred,  Adiiin,  GLMi,  a  son. 2*J,    At  Lonp- 

Ijrd  caatle^  the  Viscountesa  Folkestoue,  a  son. 

Lately.  At  Worthing-*  thy  wife  of  Lieut.- 
rOeii.  Sir  John  Foraler  ritzjfnrahl,  M.P.  n  son. 

Dfc,   I.    At  Hintle?*hajji  hall,  Suffolk,  the 

Hon.  Mrs.  Llovd  Aniitruthrr,  twin  soni^. 

At  sledmere,  ti)e  Hon.  Mrs.  Cholnionijeley,  a 

on. At  J^ithhury  bouses  Ihe  wife  of  Col. 

Bt.  Quintin^  a  dnu x\t  HawAted  hDuse,  near 

'Bury  St.  EdmundX  the  wife  of  H.C  Metcalfe, 

■■q.  a  daa. a.  At  8pft.  Uel^'^iuni.  Lady  FJiia- 

_ioth  Oaborn,  a  dau- In  Lowndes  sq.  Lady 

_Wttd,  Kerr,  a  dati. — —a.    At  Torquav*,  the  wife 

of  Sir  I'aul   Hunter,   Bart,  a  dau.' 4.    At 

YonlMton  park,  the  wife  of  Sir  Arlhnr  Chiches- 
ter, Bart,  a  dan.— At  Eaton  |>L  the  wife  of 
Ralph  Ludlow  Loi>es,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  a 

son. At    Halbirnie.  N.IL   Lady  Geor^ana 

Balfour,  a  *on. At  the  Goldrood,  near  Ii«* 

wich.  the  wife  of  Cant.  lJ»con.  R.N.  a  son. 

s,    .\t  Snmmerhi II,  Kidderminster,  tbe  How. 

Alr*,Uaughton,  ft  dan II.    At  Blackadder, 

Lady  Houston  lioswell,  a  sou. At  Pcntloe 

liati,  fiaaex,  the  wife  of  Henry  Ctildham  Mat- 

their.  e»j,  a  60n  and  heir. At  Barton  Fields, 

near  Derby,  the  wife  of  Henry  Chaudon  Polu, 

esq.  a  dan. 12.    At  Dowti  Ampiiey,  Lady 

Marii  P^ijsnnby,  a  dau. 13.    At  Wykehain, 

t  '  isDowne,  a  son. 14.    At  llra- 

''  rnts,  tliHC  Hon.  Mrs.  (Jraut,  wife 

'  i  *  J  rant,  C.B.  Aide-de-Canip  to  the 

tju)  Lu,  a  i>.i>ii. 15.    At  Grafton  st.  the  wife 

of  Thomifl  ThistlelhwAyte^  esq.  of  South  wick 

pnrk,  Hanta, a  dau. In  Gloucester  sq.  the 

wife  ttfA,  Mackinnon,  esq.  M.P.  a  son. 


MARRIAGES. 

April  70.  At  !^t.  John*!*  CotIe«;e,  near  Auck- 
land, NfW  Zealand,  Willinrn  AVAV/^  jnn.  Fellow 
of  SI .  John's  college,  and  eldest  son  of  the  Re\*. 
DntiM  I  Ntl.ill.  Rrrinc  nf  F(«^,  ,^:iU,i^,  tu  Anna, 
'  I  Sydney. 

d  Hope, 

I  il,youu>r- 

st  =0D  uf  ttic  latt  Chjik':,  Hal  hay,  .M.H,  of 

E>Aventry,  ta  Harrictte,  fourtli  dmi.  of  Cant. 

I  are,  Ule  31st  Dratroons,  wnd  niece  of  W.  W. 

lird,  caq.  late  Ofputy-Governar  of  Ben^nl. 

J8fei»f-   ^0.    At    Niisseerahnd,   Lieut,   jnmes 

_  lenny    Urnderton,   Bombay   Art,   to   I'^mity- 

Nltia,  youngest  dau.  of  Col.  Dunsterville,  UX 

Bombay  Grenadiers, 

i'j     At    Hull.  Joseph  Clarke,  esq.  of  Wad- 

'•-,  near  LiiicoWi,  to f'albarine, only 

Charles  Ard^n.  esu,  of  Douji^laa, 

I  ,  and  jfranddau^hli^r  of  late  Dr. 

Aidcii,  uf  Jiitiverley. 


Oet.  7.  At  Ilathp  Charles  Johu  Cka§kvr^^ 
esq.  eldest  son  of  the  tter.  J.  P.  Cbt'sshyrc, 
Rector  of  Little  llaatnn,  F>>«4ex,  to  Mary* 
Susan,  second  tlau-  of  the  late  Lan^ley  Gnce, 
caq.  of  Loath,  Line— At  Portsi'a,  the  Rev. 
A.  N.  Brcttin,  Rector  of  Taney,  Dublin,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  .Major-Gen.  Brcdin,  Royal 
Art.  to  Harriett,  ddest  dau.  of  Peter  Peme II, 

esq.  of  St.  .Stephen's,  Canterhury. At  St. 

John's,  Paddinjfton,  Frederick  C.  (iatHMen, 
esc].  of  the  Inni;r  Tetnpk',  to  Letitia- Marin, 
dau.  of  Capt.  Alfred  Ctmpmun,  of  Up|>er  Hyde 

Park  street. At  ReaifinKi^  Harvey- Winson, 

third  son  of  Tliomahi  FellotcM,  esq.  u(  Mouoy 
hill,  Kert.H*  to  Harriet-Coup  land,  elde^at  dau. 
of  Rear- Ad lu-  James  Arthur  Murray,  only  son 
of  the  late  Lord  William  Murmy. At  Sand- 
hurst, Berks,  Harry  C.  D.  (PVaUaghan,  esq. 
of  324  Regt.  to  Laura,  youngest  <fau,  of  the 
Rev.    H.  Pantons,   Iiirutnbent  of  Sandhurst. 

At  Shrewsbury,  the  Rev.  John  I'ardievt 

Vicar  of  the  pariah  of  St.  Chad,  to  Catherine- 
Anna,  dau.  of  W.  IL  Stokcsi  emi.  of  Shrewa- 
bury. 

9.  At  Cheltenham*  the  Rev.  F.  W.  Harrii, 
M.A.  of  Ton.  coll.  Camb.  to  Marifaret-Elixa- 
beth,  widow  of  Lawrence  liawstornts  esq.  of 
Petjworthani  priory.  Lane. 

11.  At  Holbcton,  Devon,  Comm.  Charles 
Spry  Xormdtt,  RN.  to  Fanny- Kli/.B-Jane,  eldeat 

dsu.  of  Lieut.  Charles  W.  Poynter,  R.X. 

At  Cro^icotnhe,  tlur  Rev.  J,  Gfldurt,  Curate  of 
Shepton  Mallet^  to  Miss  Nalder,  sister  to  F.J. 
Nalder,  esq.  Aulicitor. 

12.  At  Great  Chart,  Kent*  Louis  C.  H. 
Tonge^  esq.  Lieut.  H.N.  to  Cliailotte-Auipustai 
dau.  of  the  Hon-  Geor!?;e  Pellew,  D.D.  Bean  of 

Xorwieh,  and  Rector  of  Churl. At  T{ttten- 

ham,  Ihe  Hev.  Henry  Arthur  Giraitd,  to  Anna, 
second  dau.  of  Johu  Ijiwfofd,  eatj.  of  Down* 

hills,  Tottenham, At  Lang^ley,  Buck:^,  Cha?«. 

John  Laxt,  esq.  of  Windsor,,  to  Al  arin,  youn^e^t 
dau,  of  the  late  William  Nash,  esq,  uf  LnnKley. 

At  Pin  hoe,  the  Rev,  R.  Hope  lioopt-rt  M.A. 

of  Farnn<:don,.  Berks,  to  Anite,  eldest  dau.  of 
William  Petheram,  esq.  of  Piuhoe. At  Chel- 
tenham, the  Rev.  J  nines  iVie*^,  M.A.  Curate 
of  High  Harroffnte.  to  Isabella- 1 louf^la.^^,  d<i.u. 
of  Ihe  late  John  JiJ;unuel  Baruesi,  esq.  of  St. 

Petersburg-h  and  CUieltcnbam. At    lixeter, 

the  Rev.  'Kobert-G reason,  eldest  son  of  the 
Rev.  R.  Gorton,  Rector  of  Bad inirhani,  Suffolk, 
to  Eniily-Geor;^Uia,  only  dnu.  of  Robert  Pinhey, 

esq|.  late  of  the  Aledicsl  Board,  Bombay.- 

At  Bistre,  Mold,  the  Rev.  W.  H.  MalUeuit, 
M.A.  Senior  Fellow  of  Clare  hall^  Cambridife, 
and  Rector  of  KIniseir.  Suffolk,  to  Elliabeth, 
Kccond  dau.  of  Kfiward  Pemberton,  esq.  of 

PlftS'la^fl,  near  Mold. At  Croscomhe,  sum. 

Rev.  James  Giidftrt,  M.A.  second  son  «f  Rev. 
Richard  John  Geld  art,  D.D.  Rector  of  Little 
Billing,  Northampton,  to  M^ry-Etlxabeth,  dau, 
of  the  late  Francis  Isaac  Wilder,  estj.— At 
Manftfidd*  the  Rev\  G.  W.  Unimetd,  M.A. 
Vicar  of  East  Mnrkhaio,  to  Violette,  only  dau. 
of  Samuel  Hurt,  e»q.  of  Mansfield. 

13.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  aq.  John  Baw- 
deu  P<trki$f,  esq.  u.  Art.  eldetit  son  of  the  late 
Henry  Parkin,  eaq.  Inspector  of  Naval  llos* 

fitals  and  Fleets,  to  Ehzabeth,  only  dau.  of 
saac  Brooke,  eso,  of  Ipawich.— At  Berrinjc- 
ton,  Shropshire,  Martin  FitzWilliam  Maiden, 
esq.  son  of  J.  Maiden,  esq.  MD.  of  W^orcester, 
to  Emily-Harriet,  -secotid  dau.  of  John  Quicke, 

esq.  Newton  St,  Cyrei,  Devon. At  Bidston, 

CheMhire.  and  previoualy  uciunJiiiL!'  to  the  rites 
of  the  Church  of  Uom**.!  ^irJ,  esq. 

(»ttotnan  Consul  ttt   Li-  —t  g^n  of 

Joseph  Mussabini,  esq.  on  ;  ,     id  nephew 

of  the  Archbishop  nf  Smyriiiii,  to  Ak^ne^,  youngf- 
est  dau.  of  the  Inte  Rev.  Jrxiepb    fiuwer,  of 

Wjiverton,    near   Chester At    PU  mouth, 

Lieat.  Johi)  Cta^wriffAtt  (LN.  to  llelenaoAu* 


86 


Marriages, 


[Jan. 


Sista,  dau.  of  Capt.  Beveroudt,  late  of  58th 
eg^iment. 

14.  At  Paddington,  Richard  Owen  Arm- 
strottfft  esq.  yoaneest  son  of  the  late  Owen 
Armstrong:,  esq.  of  Dublin,  to  Hannah,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  J.  H.  Davidson,  esq.  M.D.  of 

Edinburgh. At   St.  Pancras  New  Church, 

John  Gut/,  esq.  of  The  Cedars,  Hampton  Wick, 
to  Sarah,  only  dau.  of  William  Henry  Vernon, 
esq.  andfranddau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Edward 

Sherwooa,   esq.  of  Mecklenburgh  sq. At 

Michelmersh,  the  Rev.  Chas.  Beresford  Titmer, 
Curate  of  March  wood,  to  Marv-Matllda,  vounif- 
est  dau.  of  the  Rev.  James  Davies,  of  Hraish- 
field  house,  Romsey. At  St.  Mary's  Lam- 
beth, Alfred  AusUn.  esq.  of  Her  Majesty's 
Ordnance,  Pall  Mall,  to  Helen -Elizabeth- 
Willsher,  eldest  dau.  of  George  Harrison 
Rogers-Harrison,  esq.  F.S.A.  Windsor  Herald. 

At  Wokingham,  Berks,  Frederick  M.  »%/- 

«jyn,  esq.  of  tne  Inner  Temple,  to  Elizabeth, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  James  Hayward,  esq. 

At  Lough  Crew,  co.  Meatli,  Capt.  Richard 

Blackwood  Pricft  R.A.  son  of  James  Price, 
esq.  of  Saintfield  house,  co.  Down,  to  Anne- 
Maria,  younger  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  T.  F.  Wade, 

C.B.  of  Ravenscroft,  Cheshire. At    Youl- 

greave,  J.  G.  Crompton,  esq.  of  Chesterfield, 
to  Millicent-Ursula-Mary,  dau.  of  the  late 
Henry  Smedley,  esq. 

17.  At  York,  the  Rev.  H.  M.  Scott,  Vicar  of 
Ockbrook,  Derb.  to  Mary,  only  surviving  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  S.  Hey,  late  Vicar  of  the  same 
place. 

18.  At  Paris,  Tlionias  Norton,  esq.  some- 
time Chief  Justice  of  Newfoundland,  to  Au- 
gusta-Sophia, widow  of  James  Hill  Albony,  of 

St.  George's  place,  Hyde  nark  corner. At 

Charlton,  near  Dover,  C.  W.  Maudes  esq.  late 
H.E.IC.S.  to  Emily,  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel 

Brooke,   esq.  of  Finchley. At    Benenden, 

Kent,  the  Rev.  William  Thornton,  M.A.  to 
Susanna-Catherine,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Boys,  Vicar  of  Benenden. 

19.  At  Trinity  Church,  Marylebone,  ().  W. 
Hawtrey  £famf//on,  esq.  of  James  street,  St. 
James's  pk.  to  Dorothea-Laura,  fourth  dau.  of 
the  late  Henry  St.  George  Tucker,  esq.  of  Port- 
land pi. At  Clannaborough.  Maj.  Geo.  Mal- 

colm,  Bombay  Army,  to  Wilhelmina-Charlotte, 

youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  H.  A.  Hughes. 

At  Long  Ditton,  the  Rev.  J.  P.  TomliMonf 
second  surviving  son  of  the  late  Vice-Adm. 
Tomlinson,  to  Emily-Agnes,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Thomas  Taylor,  esq.  and  the  Lady 
Lucy  Taylor. At  Horstead.  the  Rev.  Ran- 
dall Burroughety  son  of  II.  N.  Burroughes,csq. 
M.P.  to  the  Hon.  Emily  Ilarbord,  dau.  of  the 

late  lx)rd  Suffield. At  St.  Stephen's,  near 

St.  Alban's,  Edward  Hugessen  Knatchbull 
JJuffessen,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Eight  < 
Hon.  Sir  Edward  Knatchbull,  Bart,  to  Anna- 
MariaEIizabeth,  younger  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Marcus  Southwell. At  St.  George's  Hano- 
ver square,  Edward  Ritherdon,  esq.  to  Isabella- 
Mary,  dau.  of  George  Gates,  esq.  of  Charleston, 

Soutti  Carolina. At  Downe,  Kent,  Thomas 

Denne,  esq.  to  Mary-Anne,  dau.  of  the  late 
John  Laidlaw,  esq.  of  Dominica. 

90.  At  Weston-under-Liziard,  Staff.  Robert 
Clive,  esq.  M.P.  eldest  son  of  the  Hon.  R.  H. 
Clive,  M.P.  to  Ladv  Mary  Bridgeman,  youngest 

dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Bradford. At  Bayswater, 

Peregrine  Taylor  Bingley,  esq.  second  son  of 
the  late  T.  B.  Bingley,  esq.  Bengal  Horse  Art. 
to  Caroline-Haughton,  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Haughton  James,  esq.  of  Jamaica,  and  widow 
of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Clarke,  Gren.  Guards. 

At    Beeston,  Notts,    the    Rev.  Octavius 

Claydon,  Curate  of  Bredwardine,  Herefordsh. 
son  of  Charles  Claydon,  esq.  of  Cambridge,  to 
Eleanor-Markham,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
J.  B.  Williams,  Vicar  of  Llantrissaot,  Glam. 


21.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  the  Rev- 
William  Gilson  Humphry,  Vicar  of  Northolt, 
Middlesex,  to  Caroline- Maria,  only  dau.  of  the 

late  Geo.  D'Oyly.  D.D. At  Fyfield,  Hants, 

Edward  John  AldertnAn,  esq.  of  Kintbury,  to 
Catharine,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Elliot,  late 

Rector  of  Simonburn,  Northumb. At  Tros- 

ton,  Francis-Charles- Freeman,  second  son  of 
Jonas  Maiden,  M.D.  Worcester,  to  Harriet- 
Lucas,  youngest  dau.  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Morse, 

Troston  hall,  Suffolk. At  Carisbrooke,  l.W. 

Henry  Derraot  Dnly,  esq.  Bombay  Fusiliers, 
son  of  Lieut.-Col.  Daly,  of  Daly's  Grove,  Ire- 
land, to  Susan-Elizabeth-Ellen,  only  child  of 
the  late  Edw.  Kirkpatrick,  esq.  of  Southamp- 
ton.  At  Peel,  Lane.  James-Allen,  eldest  son 

of  Richd.  Howton,  esq.  of  Grappenhall,  Chesh. 
to  Sopliia-Aston,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
George  Whitlock,  Incumbent  of  Walkden. 

23.  In  Bath,  the  Rev.  C.  C.  Wilson,  MA. 
second  son  of  the  Rev.  W.  Carus  Wilson, 
of  Caaterton  hall,  Westmoreland,  to  Mary- 
Jervis,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  P. 

Maud,  Of  Swamswick,  Som. At  Hampstead, 

William  Ashton  Shepherd,  H.E.I.CS.  son  of 
Rev.  W.  Shepherd,  B.D.  Rector  of  xMargaret 
Roding,  Essex,  to  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of  An- 
thony Highmore,  esq.  of  Hampstead. At 

Castlerea,  Roscommon,  the  Rev.  Arthur //^</<', 
jun.  Vicar  of  Kilmactranny,  to  Elizabeth,  se- 
cond dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  ().  Oldfield,  Rector 
of  Castlerea. 

25.  At  Trinity  Church,  Marylebone,  T.  W. 
Waldy,  esq.  of  Egglescliffe,  co.  Durham,  to 
Fanny-Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  Felix  Bean,  esq. 
of  Pnnstead,  Sussex. 

26.  At  St.  Martin's-in-the-fields,  Frederick 
Ulrick,  eldest  son  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  James 
Graham,  Bart,  of  Netherby,  to  the  Lady  llor- 
mione  St.  Maur,  eldest  dau.  of  Lord  Seymour. 

At  St.  Peter's  Pimlico,  Edward  Dumerqur, 

esq.  late  Capt.  Madras  Army,  son  of  the  *late 
Charles  Dumergue,  esq.  of  York  pi.  to  Eliza- 
beth-Anne, dau.  of  John  Perry,  esri.  of  Enton 

square. At  Lanerrost  abbey,  the  Rev.  Thus. 

Colbeck,  of  Nether  Denton  rectory,  to  Sarah, 
youngest  dau.  of  George  Shadforth,  esq.  of 

Gilsland. At  Surbiton,    the  Rev.  Michael 

Seymour  Rdgell,  third  son  of  the  Rev.  E. 
Edgell,  of  Frome,  to  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the 

late   John    Eastwood,   esq. At    Bolton- Ic- 

Moors,  the  Rev.  Richard  Sedgtcick,  B.A.  In- 
cumbent of  St.  Martin's-at-Oak,  Non^ich,  to 
Mary-Jane,  second  dau.  of  John  Woodhouse, 
esq. At  Walton  West,  Pemb.  the  Rev.  Ed- 
ward Burnard  Acquire,  Vicar  of  Swansea,  to 
Letitia-Surman,  dau.  of  the  late  Thos.  Bowen, 

esq.  of  Johnston  hall,  Pembrokeshire. At 

Bassalcg,  Monm.  Robert-Gully,  eldest  son  of 
Robert  Cullum,  esq.  Comptroller  of  H.M.  Cus- 
toms, Dover,  to  Catherine-Margaret,  seventh 

dau.  of  Lieut.  William  Phillips,  R.N. At 

Brighton,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Chetwynd  Stapt/lton, 
Rector  of  Maiden,  and  Chessington,  Surrey, 
to  Elizabeth- Biscoe,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Robert  Tritton,  Rector  of  Morden. At  Kil- 
kenny, the  Rev.  Thomas  William  Garde,  Resi- 
dentiary Preacher  of  the  Cathedral  of  Cloyne, 
to  Sophia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Richd.  Colles, 
River  View. 

27.  At  Chilham,  William  Augustus  Munn, 
esq.  of  Throley  house,  Kent,  to  Marianne, 
eldest  dau.  of  James  Beckford  Wildman,  es«|. 
of  Chilham  castle ;  and  at  the  same  time,  the 
Rev.  Walter  Hamilton,  Curate  of  Brenchley, 
Kent,  and  third  son  of  Andrew  Hamilton,  es(|. 
of  Streatham  common,  Surrey,  to  Ellen,  third 

dau.  of  Mr.  W'ildman. At  Bredlleld,  Suffolk. 

George  Spackman,  esq.  of  Bradford,  Wilts,  t(» 

Sophia,  dau.  of  the  Rev.    G.  Crabbe. At 

Childwall,  the  Rev.  William  G.  WiUon,  M.A. 
Rector  of  Forncett,  Norfolk,  to  Maria,  dau.  of 
Samuel  Holme,  esq.  of  HoUnestead,  Liverpool. 


1853.] 


Marriages. 


87 


28.  At  Marham,  Capt.  the  Hon.  P.  Oliphant 
Murray,  brother  to  Lord  Elibank,  to  Harriett- 
Phillips,  youngest  dau.  of  James  CoUom,  esu. 
of  Hele  liridg^e  villa,  near  Stratton,  Cornwall. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  William  Henry  Ben- 

nettf  esq.  of  30th  Regt.  son  of  George  Bennett, 
esq.  Q.C.  of  Sodylt  hall^  Shropshire,  to  Fanny, 
youngest  dau.  of  William  Keating,  esq.  bar- 
rister-at-law. At  Clifton,  the  Rev.  Andrew 

B.  Pain,  Incumbent  of  Bury,  co.  Huntingdon, 
to  Frances-Mary,  second  dau.  of  R.  C.  Court, 
esq.  of  Cotbam,  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Rev. 

T.  D.  Fosbroke,  F.S.A. At  Egham,  Surrey, 

George,  third  son  of  the  late  Randolph  Home, 
esq.  to  Ellen,  only  dau.  of  Major  Timbrell, 

C.B.  late  of  Bengal  Art. At   Brorapton, 

James  Hill  Alboui/,  Capt.  R.  North  British 
Fusiliers,  to  Eliza-Jessie,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Joseph  Cowell,  Incumbent  of  Tod- 

morden,  Yorksli. At  St.  Marylebone,  C.  C. 

Rolletton,  esq.  Lieut.  84th  Regt.  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  Rolleston.  Vicar  of  Burton  Joyce, 
Notts,  to  Anna-Elizabeth,  relict  of  F.  L.  Dick, 
esq.  and  dau.  of  the  late  C.  E.  Layard,  esq. 
Ceylon  Civil  Service. At  Everton,  the  Rev. 

C.  A.  Swainson,  M.A.  Fellow  of  Christ's  coll. 
Cambridge,  son  of  A.  Swainson,esq.  Liverpool, 
to  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Charles  Inman,  esq.  Ever- 
ton.  At  Framfield,  Sussex,  the  Right  Rev. 

Owen  Emeric  Vidal,  Bishop  of  Sierra  Leone, 
to  Anne- Adelaide,  fourth  dau.  of  the  Rev.  H. 

Uoare,  Vicar  of  Framfield. At  Aldenham, 

Herts,  the  Rev.  John//M^/*t'*,  Vicar  of  Penally, 
Pemb.  to  Frances-Jane,  third  surviving  dau. 

of  the  late  Samuel  Fox,  esq. At  St.  Pancras, 

Dr.  J.  Russell  Reynolds,  of  Leeds,  to  Marga- 
retta-Susannah,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Robert 
Ainslie,  of  Mornington  road,  Regent's  park. 
AtChildwall,  Lane.  Lieut.-Col.Jowf*,  com- 
manding the  Carbineers,  to  Harriett-Elizabeth, 
second  dau.  of  Joseph  N.  Walker,  es(i.  of  Cal- 
derstones,  near  Liverpool. 

30.  At  Jersey,  William  Lovelace  Dumareiq, 
esq.  R.  Art.  to  Selina-Maria,  eldest  dau.  of 
Capt.  Childers,  and  widow  of  Major  Oakes 

Moore,  of  the  44th  Regt. At  Wclton,  John 

Ranuhay,  esq.  of  Naworth,  Cumberland,  to 
Cecilia-Clementina,  second  dau.  of  Richard 
Lacy,  esq.  formerly  of  Clayton  hall,  near  Ripon, 
and  niece  to  Thos.  Thomi)son,  esq.  Town  Clerk 

of  Hull. At  St.  Marylebone,  Thomas  Dunn, 

esq.  of  York  gate,  Regent's  nark,  to  Louisa, 
younger  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Turner,  Chap- 
lain of  Aske's  hospital,  and  Lecturer  at  St. 
Giles's  Cripplegate. 

Nov.  a.  At  St.  Mary's  Bryanston  sii.  the 
Rev.  Charles  Brian  Leigh,  Rector  of  Gold- 
hanger  and  Little  Totham,  Essex,  to  Olympia, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  H anbury,  esq. 

3.  At  Hertford,  George  Schuyler  Cardew, 
esq.  M.D.  Bengal  Army,  to  Mary-Anne-Sophia, 
eldest  dau.  of  Philip  Longmore,  esq.  of  Hert- 
ford castle. At  Weston,  near  Bath,  Capt. 

A.  M.  Hatckint,  R.N.  to  Mary-Hickes,  second 

dau.  of   the  late  Col.  Spiccr,  R.A. At  St. 

James's  Piccadilly,  James  Harrington  Tre- 
veiyan,  esq.  Major  60th  Rifles,  to  Helena, 
youngest  dau.  of  Raleigh  Trevelyan,  eai^.  of 
Nether  Witton,  Northumberland. At  Wool- 
wich, Capt.  G.  Anderson,  15th  Bengal  N.  Inf. 
to  Annette-Charlotte,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Robert  Uniacke,  esq.  and  Lady  Mildred 

Uniacke,  of  Woodhouse,  co.  Waterford. 

At  Lea,  Queen's  Co.  the  Rev.  Abraham  Go^ 
Rector  of  Uuncormack,  Wexford,  to  Elizabeth, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  John  Ridgeway,  esq. 
of  Ballydermolt  house,  King's  County. 

4.  At  Malvern,  N.  E.  B.  Kindenley,  esq. 
5th  Madras  N.  Inf.  to  Annie,  eldest  dau.  of 
Geo.  Robinson,  esq.  of  Mansfield  Woodhouse, 
and  granddau.  of  D'Ewes  Coke,  esq.  of  Brook- 
hill,    Derb. At  the  Whim  house,  Peeble- 

shire,  James  Augustas  Erskine,  esq.  AttisUnt 
Commissary-GeD.  second  surviving  son  of  the 


late  Hon.  Henry  David  Erskine,  of  Mar,  to 
Elizabeth- Bogue,  dau.  of  George  Brodie,  esq. 
Advocate,  Historiographer  Royal  for  Scotland. 

At  St.  John's  Paddington,  Alfred  Daniel 

Chapman,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Capt.  Alfred  Chap- 
man, of  Upper  Hyde  Park  street,  to  Madeline- 
Emily,  only  dau.  of  Robert  Hanbury,  esq.  of 

Poles,  Hefts. At  Milverton,  Warw.  the  Rev. 

Robert  Martyn  Athe,  eldest  and  only  surviving 
son  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Ashe,  of  Langley  house, 
W^ilts,   to  Letitia,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 

Capt.  Daly,  formerly  of  53d  Regt. At  St. 

James's  Piccadilly,  John  Sambrook  Crawley, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  Sam.  Crawley,  esq.  of  Stock- 
wood,  Beds,  to  Sarah- Bridget,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  F.  O.  Wells,  esq.  of  the  Bengal  Civil 

Serv. At   Boughton-Monchelsea,  Mr.  John 

Russell  Freeman,  third  son  of  William  Free- 
man, esq.  Millbank  st.  to  Lucretia,  younger 
dau.  of  John  Selby,  esq. At  Churchill,  Edin- 
burgh, William  Wood,  esq.  Accountant,  to 
Margaret -Parker,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 

Thomas  Chalmers,  D.D.  LLD. At   Kirby- 

moorside,  John  Tinsley,  esij.  of  Warrington, 
to  Ellen,  eldest  dau.  of  Richard  Chapman,  esq. 
M.D.  of  Kirbymoorside. 

6.  At  St.  Peter's  upon  Cornhill,  Robert 
William  Newman,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  to  Pau- 
lina-Sophia, only^dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert 

Watts,  Rector  of  St.  Benet's,Gracechurch. 

At  Dublin,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Atkinson,  Rector 
of  Doon,  Limerick,  to  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the 
Ven.  Henry  Irwin,  Archd.  of  Emly. 

9.  At  Finedon,  Northamptonshire,  the  Rev. 
Henry  Ellison,  Rector  of  Melsonby,  Yorkshire, 
to  Julia-Esther,  third  surviving  dau.  of  the 

late  Rev.  S.  W.  Paul,  Vicar  of  Finedon. At 

St.  Mark's,  St.  John's  Wood,  Nicholas,  third 
son  of  the  late  Dr.  Nugent,  of  Antigua,  to  Jane- 
Ellen,  fifth  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Henry  Taylor,  Rector  of  Stoke,  near  Grantham. 

At  Aston-on-Trent,  Derb.  Lionel  Skipwith, 

esq.  sixth  son  of  the  late  Sir  Gray  Skipwith, 
Bart,  to  Nanette,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Thos. 

Walker,  esq.  of  Ravenfield  park,  Yorkshire. 

At  Felton,  Northumberland,  Henry  Ames,  esq, 
to  Elizabeth,  only  dau.   of   Major    Hodgson 

Cadogan,  of  Brenkburne  priory. At  Cheri- 

ton  Bishop,  John  R.  R.  Godfrey,  esq.  eldest 
son  of  Major  Godfrey,  H.E.I.CS.  of  Exeter,  to 
Jane-Mary-Margaret,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 

Lieut.-Col.  Hill,  C.B.  of  the  28d  Fusiliers. 

At  Southampton,  Alfred  Norman,  esq.  of  Lon- 
don, to  Fanny,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Comm. 

William  Boxer,  R.N.  of  Dover,  Kent. At 

Bilton,  near  Rugby,  the  Rev.  Hugh  Edward 
Ileaton,  M.A.  Incumbent  of  Llaugedwin,  to 
Catherine-Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  the  fate  J.  Cra- 
ven, esq. — 10.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq. 
the  Hon.  Robert  Neville  X.air%.  Capt.  2nd  Life 
Guards,  second  son  of  the  late  Lora  Wenlock, 
to  Georgiana-Emily,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
GeneralLord  R.  Edward  11.  Somerset,  G.C.B. 

At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Marsh  Nelson, 

esq.  of  Charles  street,  St.  James's  sq.  to  Julia- 
Satara,  youngest  dau.  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Briggs, 

FR.S.  of  Lindfield,  Sussex. Alexander,  son 

of  Alexander  Dennistoun,  esq.  of  Golf  hill,  near 
Glasgow,  to  Georgiana-Helena,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Sir  Charles  Oakeley.  Bart. 

10.  At  Liverpool,  Capt.  Charles  Trigance 
Franklin,  R.  Art.  youngest  son  of  the  late  Sir 
William  Franklin,  K.C.H.  to  Lucy,  only  dau. 
of  Francis  Haywood,  esq.  of  Liverpool. 

11.  At  St.  Mary's  Marylebone,  Joseph  Sid- 
ney Tharp,  esq.  of  Chipoenham  park,  Camb. 
to  Laura,  sister  to  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  John 
Trollope,  Bart. At  Christ  Church,  St.  Pan- 
cras, the  Rev.  Thomas  P.  Sffroule,  Rector  of 
Scaldwell.  Northampt.  to  Elizabeth,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Nath.  Cotton,  Rector  of 

Thornby. At  Folkestone,    William    Henry 

Farley,  esq.  to  Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of  Stephen 
Plummer,  esq.  of  Canterbury. 


88 


OBITUARY. 


The  Earl  op  Shrewsbury. 

Nov.  9.  At  Naples,  after  a  short  illness, 
aged  61 ,  the  Right  Hon.  John  Talbot,  six- 
teenth Earl  of  Shrewsbury  (1442),  Earl  of 
Wexford  and  Waterford,  and  hereditary 
High  Steward  of  that  kingdom,  F.S  A. 

This  representative  of  a  long  ennobled 
race  was  the  only  son  of  the  first  marriage 
of  John  Joseph  Talbot,  esq.  brother  to  the 
fifteenth  Earl,  with  Catharine,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Clifton,  esq.  of  Lytham  hall, 
Lancashire.  He  succeeded  to  the  peerage 
on  the  death  of  his  uncle  April  C,  1827. 

The  Dublin  Freeman's  Journal  thus 
speaks  of  his  death: — "This  sad  news 
will,  we  are  sure,  be  received  with  unaf- 
fected sorrow  by  the  Catholics  of  the 
entire  empire.  The  deceased  earl  had 
many  excellent  qualities,  among  the  bright- 
est of  which  was  the  generous  and  muni- 
ficent benevolence  which  he  manifested  on 
every  occasion  where  the  cause  of  religion 
or  of  humanity  could  be  served.  The 
poor  and  the  Church  have  lost  in  him  one 
of  their  best  of  earthly  friends  ;  and  to  the 
Catholic  Church  in  England  his  loss  may 
indeed  be  said  to  be  irreparable.  His  few 
political  faults  are  now  effaced  from  me- 
mory, while  the  recollection  of  the  many 
kind  and  amiable  traits  of  his  character 
will  long  and  fondly  be  cherished.  His 
literary  ability  and  attainments,  so  often 
exerted  in  the  cause  of  Catholicity,  also 
merit  for  him  a  high  rank  among  the  lay- 
men who  have  deserved  well  of  religion.'* 

He  was  the  author  of  a  pamphlet  on 
"  The  Pacification  of  Ireland." 

His  lordship  married  June  27,  1814, 
Maria,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  William 
Talbot,  esq.  of  Castle  Talbot,  co.  Wex- 
ford, and  niece  to  the  first  Earl  of  Mount- 
norris;  and  by  that  lady,  who  survives 
him,  he  had  issue  one  son,  who  died  an 
infant  in  1817, and  two  daughters  :  1.  Lady 
Mary  Alethea  Beatrix,  who  married  in 
1839  Filippo-Andrea  Prince  Doria-Pamfili- 
Landi,  and  was  raised  to  the  rank  of  Prin- 
cess by  the  King  of  Bavaria ;  she  has  a 
son  and  a  daughter ;  and  2.  Lady  Gwen- 
daline  -  Catharine,  married  in  1835  to 
Marcantonio  Aldobrandini,  Prince  Bor- 
ghese,  and  died  at  Rome  on  the  27th 
Oct.  1840,  leaving  three  sons,  who  all  died 
in  a  few  weeks  after  her. 

The  Earl's  last  surviving  brother  died  in 
1841,  and  his  nephew  and  heir-presump- 
tive in  1816,  at  the  age  of  sixteen. 

The  next  heir  male  is  a  young  man,  who 

will  come  of  age  in  1854,  Bertram- Arthur 

(now  Earl  of  Shrewsbury),  only  sou  of 

the  late  Lieut.- Colonel  Charles  Thomas 

11 


Talbot,  great-grandson  of  Gilbert,  fourth 
son  of  the  tenth  Earl.  His  mother  (who 
is  remarried  to  Captain  Washington  Hib- 
bert,  of  Bilton  Grange,  Warwickshire,)  is 
a  daughter  of  the  late  Sir  Henry  Joseph 
Tichborne,  Bart.  We  arc  not  aware  that 
there  is  now  any  male  heir  to  the  Earldom 
nearer  than  the  Earl  Talbot,  who  is  de- 
scended from  a  younger  son  of  the  second 
Earl  of  Shrewsbury. 

The  late  Earl  had  been  sojourning  on 
the  continent  during  the  last  two  years, 
and  was  recently  at  Palermo.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  November  he  was  suddenly 
seized  with  an  affection  of  the  brain,  caused 
by  exposure  to  the  intense  heat  of  the 
place,  and  his  removal  to  Rome  was  ad- 
vised by  his  medical  attendants.  After 
resting  for  a  day,  his  lordship  and  suite 
set  out  for  that  city,  and  reached  Naples, 
where  he  was  taken  suddenly  ill  of  fever, 
and  soon  after  expired. 

On  Monday  the  29th  of  November,  the 
funeral  rites  for  the  late  Earl  were  com- 
menced  in  the  new  Cathedral  of  St.  George, 
Southwark,  whither  his  remains  were  con- 
veyed the  previous  evening  from  the  con- 
tinent. The  building  was  festooned  with 
black  cloth,  and  in  the  centre  was  a  splen- 
did catafalque,  on  which  rested  the  coffin, 
surmounted  by  a  canopy,  over  which  rose 
a  massive  cross  surrounded  by  heavy  wax 
candles.  Near  the  catafalque,  round  which 
were  grouped  the  clergy  in  their  robes,  sat 
the  Earl  of  Arundel,  his  countess,  and 
their  children  ;  the  members  of  the  late 
Earl's  family,  several  others  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  nobility,  and  the  deceased's  do- 
mestics. At  11  o'clock  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Doyle  commenced  high  mass,  assisted  by 
a  deacon,  archdeacon,  and  master  of  the 
ceremonies.  A  full  and  powerful  choir 
performed  Mozart's  Requiem.  After  the 
mass  and  the  blessing  of  the  coffin.  Bishop 
Grant  delivered  a  funeral  oration,  highly 
laudatory  of  the  deceased  and  his  attach- 
ment to  the  Roman  Catholic  creed. 

On  the  30th  Nov.  the  body  was  re- 
moved to  Alton  Towers,  and  placed  in 
the  Talbot  Gallery,  where  an  altar  had 
been  erected,  and  here  were  completed  the 
requiem  masses  of  thirty  days,  which  had 
been  commenced  by  his  Lordship's  chap- 
lains, the  Re^.  Dr.  Winter  and  the  Rev. 
W.  Gubbins,  when  the  intelligence  of  the 
Earl's  death  was  received.  When  the  ar- 
rangements for  the  funeral  had  been  com  - 
pleted  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Peter,  the  body 
was  then  placed  on  a  bier  beneath  a  mag- 
nificent catafalque  (a  view  of  this  solem- 
nity was  published  in  the  Illustrated  Lon- 


1833.J 


Obituary. — The  Countess  of  Lovelace. 


I 


don  News  of  the  25th  Dec.)  Oa  the 
morning  of  the  14th  Dec.  two  altars  were 
erected  in  the  ebnpel :  laassea  were  com- 
menced  at  ftix,  and  were  carried  on  with-^ 
ont  iotermption  till  eleven  o'clock^  when 
the  grand  high  mass  commenced.  The 
Bishop  of  Birmingham  was  tLe  oelebr&ntp 
with  the  Vicar^General  as  deacon,  and 
theVice-PrcstdentofOacottaasub-deacon. 
There  were  alao  present  tlie  BishopB  of 
Northampton^  Shrewsbury,  and  Clifton, 
and  many  other  dij^tinguisbed  clergymen 
of  the  Roman  C^itholich  Churc.  The  Cis- 
tercianf  Benedictine,  DoniinicBM,  a»d  Pas- 
^oniit  orders  were  represented  by  mem- 
bcra  of  each,  dic«Eed  in  their  peculiar 
habita,  and  there  were  at  least  l;»0  secubr 
priest  prefiCDt,  Dr,  Weedai  preached  ao 
eloquent  iiermori  in  eulogy  oi  the  de- 
ceased, AftiT  the  rites  were  concluded  the 
body  was  conveyed  to  the  little  chnpcl  of 
St.  John,  overhartging  the  River  Churoet, 
and  there  deposited  in  s  vault  beneath 
the  sauctnary. 

The  Earl  of  Shrewsbury's  will  baa  been 
prored,  and  the  personal  property  sworn 
nnder  100,000/.  i\i^  lordshtp  ha£  directed 
that  out  of  this  amount  there  shall  be  paid 
hmi  to  the  Rev.  Thomas  DoyJe,  500/.  to 
the  Rev.  Daniel  Rock,  1 50/.  to  the  ReT. 
Dr.  Winter,  and  there  are  eome  other 
legacies  to  bis  tister  and  to  servants.  He 
then  directs  his  estates  at  Alton,  Farley, 

■  mud  elsewhere  to  be  convened  intu  money, 
he  whole  of  the  proceeds,  together  with 

E'^e  residue  of  his  personal  property,  lobe 
given  to  Mr.  Ambrose  Li«le  PhlUipps,  of 
Gracedieu  Manor,  lAMeestershirC)  and  Mr, 
C  Scott  Murray,  of  Donesfield,  Bucking- 
hamshire} both  of  whom,  it  will  be  re- 
membered, seceded  from  the  Church  cf 
England  some  time  since,  and  joined  the 
communion  of  the  Church  of  Rome.  By 
the  Mortmain  Act  no  sum  exceeding  500/. 
can  be  left  for  religious  purposes,  and  it  is, 
therefore,  generally  believed  that  although 
tbia  large  amount  of  priiperty  has  been  left 
unconditionally  to  Mr.  PbilUpps  and  Mr* 
Murray,  there  Is  a  tacit  understanding 
that  it  hi  hereafter  to  be  applied  to  the 
benefit  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 
This  supposition  ia  atrengthened  by  the 
fact  that  in  a  will  made  some  time  ago, 
the  whole  of  his  lordship's  property  was 
left  to  Dr.  Walsh,  and,  in  the  event  of  his 
decease,  to  Cardinal  Wiseman  ;  but  this 
was  revoked  by  a  codicil  in  favour  of 
Mefirs.  Phillipps  and  Murray,  who  are  to 
divide  the  property  equally  between  them. 


The  CouMTn^a  of  Lovbi^ace. 

Nor.  27.  In  Great  Cumberland  Place, 
in  her  57th  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Auguita 
Ada  Conn(eft«  of  LovcUce. 

The  Countess  of  Lovelace  was  the  '*fiole 

GtMT.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


daughter  of  the  house  and  heart  *'  of  the 
poet  Byron,  Her  mother  ADua> Isabella, 
only  daughter  of  Sir  Ralph  Milbanke 
Noel,  Bart,  and  coheir  to  the  barony  of 
Wentworth,  is  still  living.  The  married 
life  of  Lord  Byron — or  rather  the  period 
during  which  Lord  and  J^dy  Byron  lived 
together — was  a  year  and  some  few  dajt. 
They  were  married  on  the  2d  Jan.  1615  ; 
on  the  lOtb  of  December  to  the  aame  year 
their  only  child  was  born  ;  and  in  January 
IB  15  the  husband  and  wife  separated  for 
ever.  Lady  Byron  removed  into  Letcea- 
terahire,  and  when  Ada  was  lust  seen  by 
her  father  she  was  only  a  mouth  old.  The 
name  of  Ada  was  picked  out  from  the 
early  ancestry  of  her  faihcr.  "If  you 
turn  over  the  pages  nf  the  Huntingdon 
Peerage  Case  you  will  learn  how  common 
wa^  ihe  nume  of  Ada  under  the  Plaotage- 
nets.  1  found  it  in  my  own  pedigree  in 
the  reit;n«  of  John  and  Henry.*' — Letter 
of  Byron  from  Ravenna,  8th  Oct.  1820, 

The  tliird  book  of  Childe  Harold,  written 
in  IBlG,  is  dedicated  ns  it  were  to  a  father*B 
love  :  it  begins  and  concludes  with  linea 
addressed  to  hia  daughter.  Of  the  pro* 
phecy  those  lines  conttiin  nearly  all  was 
fulfilled.  Ada  Byron  never  looked  con- 
sciously into  the  face  of  her  father.  What- 
ever wholesome  and  ennobling  joyi»  bis 
wayward  *'  nature  "  might  have  found  in 
watching  the  growth  of  his  young  daugh- 
ter's mind,  it  was  nQt  reserved  for  the 
poet  ever  to  know. 

There  are  frequent  allmsions  to  his 
daughter  in  Byron'a  correspondence.  At 
one  time  he  asks  for  her  miniature,  at  an- 
other acknowledges  a  lock  of  her  hair, 
"  which  is  softnnd  pretty,  and  nearly  as  dark 
as  mine  was  at  twelve,*"  This  was  in  1S21. 
At  her  father^s  death  in  1824  Ada  was 
little  more  than  eight  years  old.  She  had 
small  resemblance  to  her  father.  No  one, 
we  are  told,  would  have  recogniied  the 
Byron  feutureB—the  finely  chiiselit'd  chiu 
or  the  expressive  lips  or  eyes  of  the  poet — 
itj  the  daughter.  Yet  at  tiroes  the  Byron 
blood  was  visible  in  her  look  ;  and  thoie 
who  saw  her  on  her  marriage  with  the 
Earl  of  Lovelace  (then  Lord  King)  in 
IB.35,  fancied  they  saw  more  tracet  of  the 
poet's  countenance  in  the  bride  than  they 
remembered  there  at  any  other  time.  But 
dissimilarity  of  looks  wa»  not  the  only 
dissimilarity  between  Byron  and  his  daugh- 
ter. Lady  LoTclacc  cared  little  about 
poetry.  Like  her  father'a  Donna  Inex  in 
Don  Juan, 

Wax  ^vourlto  icleuco  wa«  tins  ntAilieniatieAl. 

Mr,  Babbage  it  said  to  have  conducted 
her  studies  it  one  time  {  and  Lady  Love- 
lace ia  known  to  have  translated  from 
It&liati  into  English  a  very  elaborate  De^ 

N 


JMl 


90      Dowager  Lady  Soghton. — Sir  John  Z.  Loraine^  Bart.     [Jan. 

Baakervyle  Glegg,  of  Withington  and  Gay- 
ton  Hall,  in  the  co.  of  Chester,  sheriff  of 
the  county  in  1814.  Her  ladyship  mar- 
ried, secondly,  in  August  1797,  Sir  Henry 
Philip  Hoghton,  Bart.  M.P.  of  Hoghton 
Tower  and  Walton  Hall,  and  became  his 
widow  in  1835.  By  her  second  marriage 
she  had  two  children — the  present  Sir 
Henry  Bold  Hoghton,  Bart,  and  a  daughter, 
Fanny-Elizabeth,  unmarried. 

During  the  lifetime  of  Sir  Henry,  Astley 
Hall  was  the  occasional  residence  of  the 
Baronet  and  his  lady,  but  since  his  death 
his  relict  has  resided  altogether  upon  her 
patrimonial  estate.  Not  only  by  her  im- 
mediate relatives  and  friends,  by  her  nu- 
merous tenants  and  dependants,  but  in 
the  town  of  Chorley  generally,  her  death 
will  be  long  lamented,  and  the  poor  of  that 
place  will  feel  that  they  have  lost  their 
ever  liberal  and  unwearied  benefactor.  Her 
charities  were  many  and  widely  diffused, 
and  one  of  her  last  acts  was  a  gift  of  one 
thousand  pounds,  in  addition  to  former 
liberal  donations,  to  the  Manchester  Dio- 
cesan Church  Building  Society.  Of  her 
it  may  be  truly  said  that  "  the  hoary  head 
is  a  crown  of  glory,  being  found  in  the 
way  of  righteousness/'  By  her  ladyship's 
decease  Astley  Hall  and  the  extensive 
estates  appurtenant  become,  under  her 
marriage  settlement,  the  property  of  her 
son  Mr.  Parker,  M.P. ;  whilst  a  large 
personal  estate  devolves  upon  her  son  Sir 
H.  B.  Hoghton. 


fence  of  the  celebratedCalculating  Machine 
of  her  mathematical  friend. 

"  With  an  understanding  thoroughly 
masculine  in  solidity,  grasp,  and  firmness. 
Lady  Lovelace  had  all  the  delicacies  of 
the  most  refined  female  character.  Her 
manners,  her  tastes,  her  accomplishments, 
in  many  of  which,  music  especially,  she 
was  a  proficient,  were  feminine  in  the 
nicest  sense  df  the  word,  and  the  super- 
ficial observer  would  never  have  divined 
the  strength  and  the  knowledge  that  lay 
hidden  under  the  womanly  graces.  Pro- 
portionate to  her  distaste  for  the  frivolous 
and  commonplace  was  her  enjoyment  of 
true  intellectual  society,  and  eagerly  she 
sought  the  acquaintance  of  all  who  were 
distinguished  in  science,  art,  and  litera- 
ture."    {Examiner,) 

Her  body  has  been  laid  by  the  side  of 
her  father's  coffin  in  the  vault  of  Hucknall 
Torcard  church  near  Newstead  Abbey. 
The  funeral  was  attended  by  the  Earl,  by 
Lord  Byron,  Dr.  Lushington,  Sir  George 
Crawford,  Mr.  R.  Noel,  the  Hon.  Locke 
King,  and  Colonel  Wildman. 

Lady  Lovelace  has  left  issue  two  sons 
and  one  daughter.  It  is  remarkable  that 
she  has  died  at  the  same  age  as  her  father, 
and  it  is  said  she  had  some  presentiment 
that  such  would  be  the  case.  She  suffered 
from  a  lingering  illness  of  more  than 
twelve  months'  duration. 

A  juvenile  portrait  of  Ada  is  included 
in  Murray's  Illustrations  of  Byron ;  and 
her  appearance  in  later  years  has  been 
happily  caught  by  Mr.  Henry  Phillips. 


Dowager  Lady  Hoghton. 

Dec,  2.  At  Astley  Hall,  near  Chorley, 
in  Lancashire,  Susanna,  relict  of  Sir  Henry 
Philip  Hoghton,  of  Hoghton  Tower,  Bart. 

She  was  the  only  daughter  of  Richard 
Brooke,  of  Astley,  esq.  and  was  bom  on 
the  4th  of  May,  1762,  and  had  conse- 
quently attained  the  patriarchal  age  of  90 
years.  She  succeeded  to  the  Astley  and 
Charnock  estates  on  the  death  of  her  only 
brother,  Peter  Brooke,  esq.  whose  great- 
grandfather, Richard  Brooke,  second  son 
of  Sir  Peter  Brooke  of  Mere,  co.  Chester, 
Knt.  married  Margaret,  sole  heiress  of 
Robert  Charnock,  of  Charnock  and  Astley, 
in  the  county  of  Lancaster.  She  married, 
October  16, 1787,  Thomas  Townley  Parker, 
of  Cuerden  Hall  and  of  Royie,  both  in  the 
county  of  Lancaster;  and  by  this  gentle- 
man, who  died  in  November,  1793,  whilst 
he  was  high  sheriff  of  the  county,  she  had 
issue  one  son,  Robert  Townley  Parker, 
esq.  M.P.  for  the  borough  of  Preston,  and 
two  daughters — Susan,  who  married  1  July, 
1811  ,'Francis  Richard,  Price,  of  Bryn-y-pys, 
CO.  Flint,  esq.  and  died  in  1813 ;  and 
Anne,  who  married  4  May,  1811,  John 


Sir  John  L.  Loraine,  Bart. 
July  11.    At  St.  Helier's,  Jersey,  aged  67, 
Sir  John  Lambton  Loraine,  the  tenth  Bart, 
of  Kirkbarle,  Northumberland  (1G64.) 

This  is  the  fifth  Baronet  of  his  family 
who  has  died  within  the  last  four  years. 
On  former  occasions  we  have  given  notices 
of  his  predecessors,  and  particularly  of 
his  brother  and  immediate  predecessor,  in 
our  Magazine  for  April,  1851. 

Sir  John  was  the  third  son  of  Sir  Wil- 
liam, the  fourth  Baronet,  by  Hannah, 
eldest  surviving  daughter  of  Sir  Lancelot 
Algood,  of  Nun  wick,  co.  Northumber- 
land, Knt.  He  was  formerly  Postmaster 
of  Newcastle ;  and  he  succeeded  to  the 
baronetcy  on  the  death  of  his  brother,  Sir 
William,  on  the  15th  March,  1851. 

He  married  Caroline,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Frederick  Ekins,  Rector  of  Mor- 
peth ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  is  deceased, 
he  had  issue  three  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters :  1.  Janetta-Hannah  ;  2.  Isabella- 
Jane  ;  3.  Sir  Lambton  Loraine,  who  has 
succeeded  to  the  title,  and  is  now  in  his 
14th  year,  and  a  midahlpman  in  the  Royal 
Navy;  4.  Clara-Frederika ;  5.  William 
Charles ;  6.  Frederidc-Blackeney  ;  and  7. 
Arthur,  who  died  in  1847|  in  hit  third  year. 


1853.]     Sir  Wm.  Earle  Welby,  Bt.—Sir  J.  J.  Guest,  Bt.  M.P.     91 

Sir  Wm.  Earle  Welby,  Bart.                The  present  Baronet  was  born  in  1806, 
Nov.  3,   At  Denton  Hall,  Lincolnshire,     and  married  in  1828  Frances,  second  daugh- 
•ged   83,   Sir  William  Earle  Welby,   the     ter  of  the  late  Sir  Montague  Cholmeley, 
second  Baronet,  of  that  place  (1801),  a     Bart,  by  whom  he  has  issue. 
Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the  counties  of  Lin- 
coln and  Nottingham.  

He  was  born  at  Eperstone,  in  Notting- 
hamshire, on  the  14th  Nov.  1769 ;  and 
was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  William  Earle, 
the  first  Baronet,  M.P.  for  Grantham,  by 
his  first  wife,  Penelope,  third  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Glynne,  Bart. 

At  the  general  election  of  1812,  his 
father  retired  from  the  representation  of 
Grantham,  and  Mr.  Welby  was  elected  in 
his  place,  without  opposition.  He  suc- 
ceeded to  the  baronetcy  on  his  father's 
death,  Nov.  6,  1815.  In  1818  there  was 
a  contest  for  Grantham,  but  Sir  William 
was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  poll,  which 
terminated  as  follows : — 

Sir  Wm.  Earle  Welby,  Bart.  545 
Hon.  Edward  Cust  .  .516 
Hugh  Manners,  esq.  .  301 

James  Hughes,  esq.  .         .14 

Sir  William  Welby  declined  the  election 
of  1820;  but  in  1830  his  son  (the  present 
Baronet)  defeated  the  Hon.  F.  J.  ToUe- 
mache,  and  has  ever  since  retained  the 
seat. 

Sir  William  Welby  served  the  office  of 
High  Sheriff  of  the  county  of  Lincoln  in 
1823.  He  was  generally  esteemed  as  a 
good  landlord,  an  indulgent  master,  a  kind 
friend,  and  a  generous  benefactor.  His 
funeral  at  Denton,  on  the  11th  Nov.  was 
attended  by  the  male  branches  of  his  fa- 
mily, by  Sir  M.  J.  Cholmeley,  Bart,  and 
Mr.  H.  Cholmeley,  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  R. 
Cust,  the  Rev.  W.  Potchett,  Vicar  of 
Grantham,  the  Mayor  and  Town  Council 
of  that  town,  and  140  tenants,  &c.  The 
service  was  performed  by  the  Rev.  G, 
Potchett,  Rector  of  Denton,  who  preached 
a  funeral  sermon  on  the  following  Sunday. 

He  married,  on  the  30th  of  August, 
1792,  Wilhelmina,  daughter  and  heir  of 
William  Spry,  esq.  Governor  of  Barba- 
dos; and  by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the 
4th  Feb.' 1847,  he  had  issue  one  son  and 
seven  daughters :  1.  Wilhelmina,  married 
in  1825  to  the  Rev.  Frederick  Browning, 
Prebendary  of  Salisbury;  2.  Penelope, 
married  in  1825  to  Clinton  Fynes  James 
Clinton,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  and  died  his 
widow  in  1834  ;  3.  Catharine,  married  to 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Welby  Northmore,  Vicar 
of  Winterton,  co.  Lincoln,  who  died  in 
1829  ;  4.  Jane,  who  died  unmarried  in 
1832;  5.  Caroline,  who  died  Nov.  20, 
1847  ;  6.  Elizabeth,  married  in  1829  to 
Northmore  Thomas  James  Ireland,  esq.  ; 
7.  Sir  Glynne  Earle  Welby,  who  has  suc- 
ceeded to  the  title  ;  and  8.  Augusta. 


Sir  Josiah  John  Guest,  Bart.  M.P. 

Nov.  26.  At  Dowlais  House,  Glamor- 
ganshire, aged  67,  Sir  Josiah  John  Guest, 
Bart.  M.P.  for  Merthyr  Tydvil,  and  a 
Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the  county. 

Sir  John  Guest  was  born  at  Dowlais  on 
the  2d  Feb.  1785.  Like  the  Arkwrights 
and  the  Peels,  by  his  own  skill  and  indus- 
try, he  raised  to  the  greatest  prosperity  a 
most  important  branch  of  British  trade, 
and  accumulated  a  colossal  fortune.  His 
grandfather,  Mr.  John  Guest,  the  son  of  a 
small  freeholder  at  Broseley,  inShropshire, 
accompanied  in  the  middle  of  last  century 
to  South  Wales  a  well-known  cannon- 
founder  named  Wilkinson,  and  the  first 
furnace  was  raised,  under  their  joint  su- 
perintendence, at  Dowlais.  The  works 
were  sold  at  his  death  to  a  firm,  of  which 
his  son,  Mr.  Thomas  Guest,  the  father  of 
the  late  baronet,  was  the  manager.  In 
1806  they  only  produced  yearly  about 
5,000  tons  of  iron,  and  were,  on  the  death 
of  the  proprietors,  in  considerable  pecu- 
niary embarassment.  Mr.  Thomas  Guest 
died  in  1807.  The  entire  management 
then  devolved  upon  Sir  J.  J.  Guest,  who, 
by  his  extraordinary  capacity  for  business, 
his  mechanical  ingenuity  (to  which  many 
of  the  most  important  improvements  in  the 
working  of  iron  are  to  be  attributed),  and 
by  a  judgment  in  mercantile  transactions 
rarely  equalled,  not  only  cleared  the  firm 
from  debt,  but  raised  the  produce  of  the 
mines  in  a  few  years  to  no  less  than 
68,000  tons.  In  1849  the  entire  property 
in  the  Dowlais  works  became  vested  in 
him. 

Mr.  Guest  was  first  returned  to  Parlia- 
ment at  the  general  election  of  1826  for 
the  borough  of  Honiton,  after  a  contest 
which  terminated  as  follows  :  J.  J.  Guest, 
esq.  331  ;  H.  B.  Lott,  esq.  218  ;  R.  Sneyd, 
esq.  195.  He  was  rechosen  in  1830  with 
Mr.  Lott ;  but  in  1831  he  lost  his 
seat  in  consequence  of  the  liberality  of  his 
opinions,  and  the  agitation  respecting  the 
Reform  Bill ;  the  poll  being,  for  Sir  George 
Warrender  319,  H.  B.  Lott,  esq.  283,  J. 
J.  Guest,  esq.  259.  The  most  tremendous 
excitement  ever  known  in  Merthyr  is  said 
to  have  taken  place  at  the  time  of  the  sym- 
pathetic reception  given  to  the  defeated 
candidate. 

To  the  first  reformed  Parliament  he 
went  as  the  member  for  the  newly  created 
boroughs  of  Merthyr,  Aberdare,  and  Vay- 
nor  ;  and  from  that  time  he  has  kept  his 


92 


Obituary. — Lt-Gen.  Sir  H.  F.  Bouve^^ie,  K.C.B.       [Jan. 


Beat,  though  the  representation  has  been 
twice  contested,  first  by  Mr.  Meyrick  in 
1835,  and  again  by  Mr.  Bruce  Pryce  in 
1837.  Before  the  Merthyr  borough  elec- 
tion of  1837  Mr.  Guest,  on  the  retirement 
of  Mr.  Dillwyn,  contested  the  representa- 
tion of  the  county,  in  alliance  with  Mr. 
Talbot,  and  in  opposition  to  Lord  Adare, 
the  present  respected  Earl  of  Duoraven. 
The  attempt  was  unsuccessful,  the  numbers 
polled  being— for  Lord  Adare,  2,009; 
Talbot,  1,794;  Guest,  1,590.  A  few  days 
after  Mr.  Guest  was  re-elected  for  Merthyr. 

He  was  created  a  Baronet  by  patent 
dated  1838. 

Of  late  years  Sir  John  Guest  has  been 
chiefly  residing  at  Canford  Manor,  in 
Dorsetshire,  which  estate  he  purchased 
some  years  ago,  and  which  has  recently 
been  adorned  with  many  very  fine  Ninevite 
sculptures — Mr.  Layard  being  nearly  re- 
lated to  Lady  Charlotte  Guest. 

On  the  occasion  of  renewing  the  Dow- 
lais  lease.  Sir  John  Guest  stated  that  for 
his  own  part  he  would  willingly  haye  re- 
linquished the  management  of  so  large  a 
concern  in  his  declining  years  ;  but  his  re- 
gard for  the  large  population  which  he  had 
drawn  around  him  did  not  permit  him  to 
divest  himself  of  his  responsibilities.  The 
f  uccessful  termination  of  that  negotiation 
was  productive  of  the  liveliest  satisfaction; 
and  when  Sir  John  and  Lady  Charlotte 
Guest  next  visited  this  district,  in  July 
1848,  the  people  of  Merthyr  joined  those 
of  Dowlais  in  giving  them  a  welcome  re- 
ception. 

At  the  last  election,  being  unable  from 
ill  health  to  visit  his  constituents,  he  re- 
ceived from  them  a  most  touching  address, 
no  less  honourable  to  the  good  feelings 
of  the  Welsh  than  to  his  own  character, 
requesting  him  to  accept  the  trust  again 
without  a  personal  canvass. 

Sir  John  Guest  was  a  man  of  great 
mental  capacities,  a  good  mathematician, 
and  a  thorough  roan  of  business,  not  with- 
out a  taste  for  the  refinements  of  litera- 
ture. The  creation  of  Dowlais,  and  its 
material  prosperity,  was  not  his  only  merit; 
for  he  differed  from  his  compeers  in  being 
a  man  of  generous  instincts  and  of  enlarged 
sympathies.  His  care  for  his  workmen 
did  not  end  with  the  payment  of  their 
daily  earnings.  He  took  a  comprehensive 
yiew  of  his  social  duties ;  he  recognised  in 
precept  as  well  as  in  practice  the  principle 
that  property  has  its  duties  as  well  as  its 
rights  ;  and  he  extended  his  care  beyond 
the  present  generation  into  the  next — be- 
yond the  race  of  men  that  now  is  to  their 
descendants  destined  to  replace  them  in 
the  lapse  of  time.  It  is  a  great  thing  to 
je  the  supporter  of  twelve  thousand  men  ; 
but  it  is  a  greater,  nobler,  and  holier  thing 


to  be  their  guide,  philosopher,  and  friend. 
He  ever  showed  the  warm  interest  he  felt 
in  the  cause  of  education.  The  Dowlais 
Schools  are  very  highly  spoken  of  for  their 
efficiency,  and  the  building  of  new  and 
spacious  schoolrooms  has  been  for  some 
time,  and  is  now,  in  contemplation.  As 
a  politician  he  began  his  career  as  an  ultra- 
Liberal,  but  concluded  his  career  as  a 
Whig  and  a  general  supporter  of  Lord 
John  Russell.  While  health  permitted,  he 
was  not  inattentive  to  his  political  duties. 
He  was  not  much  given  to  oratory,  but 
served  frequently  upon  important  com- 
mittees, and  generally  voted  upon  the  great 
questions  of  the  day. 

He  married  first,  in  1817,  Maria-Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  William  Ranken,  esq. 
She  died  without  issue  in  Jan.  1818  ;  and 
Mr.  Guest  remained  a  widower  until  1833, 
when  he  married  Lady  Charlotte  Elizabeth 
Bertie,  only  sister  to  the  present  Earl  of 
Lindsey.  Her  ladyship,  who  is  w^ell  known 
as  a  patroness  of  Welsh  literature,  and 
editor  of  the  Mabinogion,  is  the  mother 
of  ten  children,  five  sons  and  five  daugh- 
ters, of  whom  the  eldest,  Ivor  Bertie  (so 
named  from  the  chivalric  Ivor  Bach),  suc- 
ceeds to  the  title,  being  now  in  the  18th 
year  of  his  age. 


Lieut.-Gen.SirH.F.Bouverie,K.C.B. 

Nov.  14.  At  Woolbeding  House,  near 
Midhurst,  Sussex,  aged 69,  Lieut.-General 
Sir  Henry  Frederick  Bouverie,  K.C.B. 
and  G.C.M.G.  Colonel  of  the  97th  Foot. 

He  was  born  on  the  11th  July,  1783, 
and  was  younger  brother  to  the  present 
Edward  Bouverie,  esq.  of  Deiapr^  Abbey, 
near  Northampton,  being  the  third  son  of 
the  Hon.  Edward  Bouverie  (brother  to 
the  first  Earl  of  Radnor),  by  Henrietta, 
only  daughter  of  Sir  Edw.  Fawkener,  K.B. 

He  was  appointed  Ensign  in  the  L'd 
Foot  guards,  Oct.  23,  1799,  Lieutenant 
and  Captain,  Nov.  19,  1800,  Captain  and 
Lieut.-Colonel,  June  28,  1810.  He  served 
in  Egypt  during  the  campaign  oi  1801, 
for  which  he  received  a  medal.  In  1807 
he  was  Aide-de-camp  to  Earl  Rosslyn  at 
the  siege  of  Copenhagen,  and  in  1809  on 
the  staff  of  North  Britain.  He  subse- 
quently served  in  the  Peninsular  war.  At 
the  passage  of  the  Douro  and  at  Talavera 
he  acted  as  an  Aide-de-camp  to  the  Duke 
of  Wellington,  and  likewise  as  Military 
Secretary. 

In  1836  he  was  appointed  Governor  of 
Malta,  by  patent  dated  October  1  ;  and  he 
retained  that  appointment  until  the  sum- 
mer of  1843. 

He  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  Colonel 
in  1814,  to  that  of  Major-Geueral  1825,  to 
Lieut.-Geueral  in  1838;  aopointed  to  the 
command  of  the  Jtt  West  Indian  regiment 


1853.]    Obituahy. — LL-Gen.  Wemys^. — Sir  Edward  Stanley, 


in  1 84 2 «  and  transferred  to  the  9  7th  Foot  in 
Nov,  184  3.  He  received  a  cro&sancloQeclnAp 
for  his  services  a^  Afiiistaat  Adjutant>ge- 
nera!  at  Salamanca,  Vittoria,  St.  Sebastian, 
Kive,  and  Ortlics.  He  waa  oominftted  a 
Knight  Commander  of  the  Bath  at  the  en< 

llargemeot  of  the  order  in  Jan.  1815,  and 
I  Grand  Croasof  the  order  of  St.  Michael 
and  St.  George  in  1836. 

He  married,  July  8,  IB'26.  Julia-Fanny, 

L  daughter  of  the  lale  Lewis  Montolient  esq. 

r«nd  widow  of  Capt.  Wiltiam  WiLbmhjim, 

'  R.N.J  an  J  by  tbnt  lady*  who  died  in  imG, 
he  had  issue  one  son,  Henry  MontoHeti, 
Lieut,  in  the  ColdBtreain  Guards,  and  one 
daughter,  Henrietta. 

Sir  Henry  had  been  in  his  usual  health 
until  within  much  less  than  an  hour  of  his 
death.  Every  preparation  was  made  for 
his  departure  to  London  on  the  fallowing 
morning,  to  attend  and  lake  a  |iromii*eot 
part  ill  tbe  Duke  of  Wellington's  funeral, 

\  and  this,  doubtle&s,  acting  on  latent 
disease,  was  the  caui»e  of  his  sudden  death. 
He  had  long  resided  at  Woolbediog  HoUj^e, 
lud  bis  kindnens  of  disposition  bad  eu- 
demred  him  to  the  town  of  Midhurst  and 

f.itB  neigbbouThood . 


Libut.-General  Wcmyss. 

Nov,  30.  At  Coinberland  Lodge>  Wind- 
sor Park,  aged  6'?,  Lieut. 'General  Willium 
Wemyas,  Colonel  of  the  93d  Highhmtlera, 
Equerry  and  Aide-de-camp  to  Her  Ma- 
jesty, and  Clerk  Marshal  to  H  KJL 
Prince  Albert. 

He  waa  born  on  the  5th  Sept.  170O,  and 
was  the  second  son  of  Lteut-General  Wil- 
ItatD  Wemjaa,  (a  grandson  of  the  5th  Earl 
of  Wemysa  and  March^)  by  Frauets,  eldest 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Krskiiie,  Bart. 
Hii  elder  brother,  Rear-Adrairal  Jamea 
Erakine  Wemyss,  of  Wemybs  Castle  and 
Torrie  House,  Fifcshire,  is  the  Lord  Lieu- 
teaant  of  that  county. 

He  waa  appointed  Lieutenant  in  the 
9>3d  F6ot,  Sept.  12,  1805,  Captain  in  the 
6th  Garrison  battalion,  Auguat  18,  1808; 
He  served  as  Aide-de-camp  to  his  uncle, 
Sir  William  Erakine,  in  the  Walchcrco  ex- 
pedition in  1809,  ajid  subsequently  in  the 
campaigns  of  IS  10,  1811,  and  UV2  in  tbo 
Peninsula,  where  he  was  present  in  several 
minor  artionjs,  and  in  the  battle  of  Fueutes 
d^Ooor,  for  which  he  received  the  silver 
war  medal.  He  was  promoted  to  a  ma- 
jority in  the  93d  Foot,  May  i*7 ,  1803;  be- 
came a  Lieut. -Colonel,  March  16,  l(jll5; 
Colooel,  July  22,  1830  ;  Major-General, 
Nov.  23,  1811;  and  Lieut.- Genera!  at  the 
laat  brevet.  He  was  appointed  lu  the 
command  of  the  93rd  Higblauders,  April 
10,  1850. 

Soon  after  the  marriage  of  her  Majesty 
G«Deral  Wemyia  was  appointed  Clerk- 


Marshal  to  Prince  Albert,  and  in  that 
capacity  be  bad  the  entire  control  and  ma- 
nagement of  his  lloyaJ  Highness'*  eques- 
trian and  agricultural  establishments,  with 
a  permanent  residence  at  Cumberbnd 
Lodge,  in  Wiodsor  Great  Park.  He  thus 
became  acquainted  with  all  the  leading 
agriculturists  of  tbe  locality,  with  whom 
it  was  his  great  delight  to  associate.  As 
a  member,  and  occasional  president,  of 
the  Royul  East  Berks  and  Windsor  Royal 
ajssocintioiis,  he  was  universally  popular ; 
while,  as  the  master  of  Prince  Albert's 
pack  of  liariers,  his  fine  flow  of  spirits  in 
the  6,eld,  and  sterliDg  hunting  qualifica- 
tions, won  for  him  the  affect ionote  respect 
of  tbe  gentry  and  farmers.  By  his  death 
the  Crown  has  lost  a  vnluable  servant,  and 
the  poor  a  true  and  sympathising  friend. 

He  married,  April  14,  1820,  Lady  Isa- 
bella liny,  Bedchamber  W^omcin  to  Queen 
Adelaide,  second  daughter  of  William  16th 
Eur!  of  ErroU,  and  aunt  to  the  present 
Earl  ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  survives  him,, 
he  had  issue  four  sons  and  two  daughters: 
1 .  Frances,  who  died  young  ;  2.  William- 
George-James,  also  deceased;  3.  James> 
Henry,  Lieutenant  32d  Foot,  and  Aide- 
de-camp  to  the  Commander4n-chief  in 
Canada;  4.  John,  deceaBcd;  Q.  Charles- 
Tbomae,  Captain  17th  Foot,  Aide-de- 
camp  to  Sir  Robert  Gardiner,  Governor 
of  Gibraltar  j  and  6.  Isabella-Harriet- 
Jane. 

The  funeral  of  General  W^emyss  took 
place  on  the  4th  Dec.  at  Wimbledon,  where 
his  body  wns  interred  in  n  family  vault. 
It  was  attended  by  \m  two  eons,  his  brother 
Mr.  A.  Wemyss,  the  Earl  of  Rosslyn,  and 
Daniel  Guruey,  esq.  his  ejnecutors,  Sir  Job  u 
Cathcart,  Lieut. -Col.  Seymour,  Cape,  H. 
Seymour,  &c.  &c.  The  service  was  per- 
formed by  the  Rev. G.  Wellesley,  chaplain 
to  her  Majesty. 


SiH  EowAao  Stanley. 

Oci.  27.  In  Great  Brunswick-street, 
Dublin,  aged  78,  Sir  Edward  Stanley^ 
Knt.  Inspector  of  City  Prisons. 

tie  was  tlie  eldest  son  of  Edward  Stan^ 
ley,  esq,  of  York-street,  Dublin  ;  (lud, 
having  been  elected  Sheriff  of  that  city  in 
the  year  IHOD,  he  was  knighted  ou  the 
occasion  of  the  Jubilee,  when  King  George 
the  Third  attained  the  50th  year  of  his 
reign.  He  took  au  active  part  in  the  pro- 
(teedings  of  the  old  corporation,  by  wfaieh 
he  was  selected  for  the  lucrative  office  of 
Inspector  of  City  PrisouiF. 

He  was  aho,  tor  many  years,  a  leading 
member  of  the  Royal  Dublin  Society,  and 
was,  it  is  said,  the  originator  of  those 
periodical  exhibitions  ot  arU  and  manufac^ 
tures  which  have  led  to  such  importiiuc 
reDultihoth  in  Ireland  and  other  countries. 


94 


Col  Bruen,  M.P.-^Capt.  T.  L.  Lewis,  R.  Eng.  [Jan. 


Sir  Edward  acted  as  the  friend  of  Mr. 
D'Esterre,  in  his  fatal  duel  with  the  late 
Mr.  O'Connell. 

He  married  in  1796  the  only  daughter 
of  the  late  William  Norris,  esq.  of  Cold- 
blow,  CO.  Dublin. 


Colonel  Brusn,  M.P. 

Nov,  5.  At  Old  Park,  co.  Carlow,  after 
ft  few  days'  illness,  in  his  62d  year,  Henry 
Bruen,  esq.  M.P.  for  the  co.  Carlow,  and 
Colonel  commandant  of  its  Militia. 

Colonel  Bruen  was  educated  with  Sir 
Robert  Peel,  Lord  Byron,  and  some  of 
the  greatest  statesmen  and  scholars  of  the 
age,  at  Harrow ;  and  he  subsequently  was 
a  member  of  the  university  of  Oxford, 
where  he  was  distinguished  for  his  clas- 
fical  acquirements,  his  taste  for  literature, 
and  love  of  antiquarian  research,  for  which 
he  was  in  after  life  pre-eminently  remark- 
able. He  did  not,  however,  proceed  to  a 
degree. 

He  entered  public  life  at  an  early  period, 
having  been  returned  to  parliament  as  the 
representative  of  bis  native  county  in  the 
year  1812,  which  position  he  occupied, 
with  the  exception  of  a  brief  interval,  until 
the  hour  of  his  death.  At  five  general 
elections  he  was  returned  without  a  con- 
test, until,  on  the  eve  of  Reform,  at  the 
election  of  1830,  the  county,  through  the 
influence  of  Mr.  O'Connell's  party,  re- 
turned two  Whigs  (Walter  Blakeney,  esq. 
and  Sir  John  Milley  Doyle),  in  the  place 
of  Colonel  Bruen  and  his  father-in-law  Mr. 
Kavanagh.  There  was  no  poll  on  this  oc- 
casion s  but  in  183S,  the  first  election  after 
the  enactment  of  Reform,  the  former  mem- 
bers were  proposed,  and  defeated  by  the 
Liberal  candidates,  Mr.  Blakeney  and  Mr. 
Wallace,  who  both  polled  657  votes.  Colo- 
nel Bruen  483,  and  Mr.  Kavanagh  470. 
In  Jan.  1835  Colonel  Bruen  and  Mr. 
Kavanagh  were  returned,  polling  respect- 
ively 588  and  587  votes,  Mr.  Maurice 
O'Connell  554,  and  Mr.  CahiU  553  ;  but 
this  election  was  declared  void  on  a  peti- 
tion ;  when  in  June  Mr.  Vigors  and  Mr. 
Raphael  were  returned  by  627  and  626 
votes,  Mr.  Kavanagh  and  Colonel  Bruen 
recording  572  and  571.  This  was  the 
election  rendered  memorable  by  the  large 
expense  incurred  for  Mr.  Raphael  by  Mr. 
O  Connell,  which  was  subsequently  the 
subject  of  public  exposure  and  animad- 
version. On  petition,  a  committee  of  the 
House  struck  off  105  votes,  and  thereby  re- 
seated Mr.  Kavanagh  and  Colonel  Bruen. 

At  the  general  election  in  1837  the 
Liberal  candidates,  Mr.  Vigors  and  Mr. 
Ashton  Yates,  were  successful,  polling  730 
votes,  Colonel  Bruen  and  Mr.  Bunbury 
having  only  643.  Mr.  Kavanagh  had  died 
in  February  preceding;  but  on  the  death  of 


Mr.  Vigors,  in  December,  1840,  Colonel 
Bruen  recovered  his  seat,  defeating  the 
Hon.  Frederick  Ponsonby  with  722  votes 
to  555. 

At  the  election  of  1841  the  result  of  the 
poll  was  as  follows  : — 

Colonel  Bruen    ....     705 
Thomas  Bunbury,  esq.      .     704 
John  Ashton  Yates,  esq.  .     697 
Daniel  O'Connell,  jun.  esq.  696 
In  1847  Colonel  Bruen  and  Mr.  W.  B. 
M.  Bunbury  were  elected  without  oppo- 
sition;   but  in  1852   there  was   again  a 
severe  struggle,  which  terminated  thus — 
John  Ball,  esq.        ...     895 
Colonel  Bruen    ....     893 
W.  B.  M.  Bunbury,  esq.  .     880 
John  Keogh,  esq.    .     .     .     877 
As  a  public  man  Colonel  Brueu  pos- 
sessed indomitable  energy  and    fearless 
bearing,  coupled  with  a  highly  cultivated 
mind,   which  commanded  the  respect  of 
his  opponents,  and  won  the  esteem  and 
sincere  attachment  of  his    friends.     He 
was  a  consistent  Conservative,  and  voted 
for  agricultural  protection  in  1846. 

Colonel  Bruen  married  Anne,  eldest 
daughter  of  Thomas  Kavanagh,  esq.  of 
Borris,  (long  his  colleague  as  county  mem- 
ber,) by  his  first  wife  Lady  Elizabeth  But- 
ler, sister  to  the  Marquess  of  Ormonde, 
Mrs.  Bruen  died  in  Sept.  1830.  He  is 
succeeded  in  his  extensive  estates  by  his 
son,  Henry  Bruen,  esq. 

Capt.  T.  L.  Lewis,  R.  Eno. 

Not}.  17.  At  Ibsley,  Hampshire,  Tho- 
mas Locke  Lewis,  esq.  Captain  Royal 
Engineers,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the 
county  of  Radnor. 

Capt.  Lewis  was  only  surviving  son  of 
Percival  Lewis,  esq.  of  Downton,  Radnor- 
shire, and  Ibsley,  Hants.,  and  had  filled 
the  office  of  High  Sheriff  of  the  former 
county.  He  entered  the  army  in  1808, 
but,  though  abroad  for  some  years,  we 
are  not  aware  that  he  had  ever  seen  active 
service.  During  a  residence  in  Southern 
Africa  he  had  an  opportunity  of  observing 
the  native  tribes  of  that  district,  and  very 
recently  a  paper  from  his  pen  appeared  in 
the  United  Service  Journal,  giving  an  ac- 
count of  these  tribes,  as  well  as  some  of 
the  places  which  the  present  war  in  that 
country  has  brought  more  particularly  into 
notice.  He  also  was  enabled,  while  re- 
siding there,  to  collect  some  valuable  me- 
teorological facts,  and  which  are  recorded 
by  Col.  Read  in  his  work  on  the  Law  of 
Storms.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
public  charities  of  Exeter,  as  well  as  in 
all  matters  having  for  their  object  the 
alleviation  of  distress.  There  is  scarcely 
a  charity  in  that  city  which  has  not  had 


1833.]       Capt  T.  W.  BuUer,  R.N.—Mr.  Serjeant  JETalcomb.       95 


the  liberal  assistance  of  his  purse  as  well 
as  his  active  personal  attendance  in  all 
matters  where  that  attendance  could  be 
useful ;  and,  indeed,  for  years  past  much 
of  his  income  and  most  of  his  time  haye 
been  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  benefi- 
cence and  charity.  In  his  manner  and 
bearing  towards  those  with  whom  he  came 
in  contact  he  was  ever  kind  and  concili- 
atory, endeavouring,  on  all  occasions,  to 
smooth  differences  in  opinion,  and  view 
charitably  those  acts  of  which  he  could 
not  approve. 

Capta-in  T.  W.  Buller. 

Oct.  30.  At  Street  Raleigh,  Whimple, 
Devonshire,  aged  60,  Thomas  Wentworth 
Buller,  esq.  Commander  R.N.  one  of  Her 
Majesty's  Tithe  and  Inclosure  Commis- 
sioners for  England  and  Wales. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  James  Buller, 
esq.  of  Downes  and  Shillingham,  Devon- 
shire, M.P.  for  Exeter,  by  his  cousin 
Anne,  daughter  of  the  Right  Rev.  William 
BuUer,  Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  1806,  on  board 
La  Resolve, lying  at  Plymouth,  and  shortly 
after  became  midshipman  of  the  Malta  84, 
Capt.  Edw.  Buller,  employed  off  Cadiz. 
In  June  1807  he  removed  to  the  Euryalus 
36,  which  was  employed  in  escorting  the 
troops  commanded  by  Sir  John  Moore 
from  Gibraltar  to  England,  in  conveying 
the  Due  d'Angoul^me  and  other  members 
of  the  French  royal  family  from  Gotten- 
burg,  and  in  attending  on  the  expedition 
to  Walcheren.  In  Nov.  1809  she  cap- 
tured L'Etoile  privateer  of  16  guns.  Mr. 
Buller  afterwards  served  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean from  Jan.  1810  to  Oct.  1812,  in 
the  Tiger  74,  Capt.  Benj.  Hallo  well,  and 
in  the  Malta,  then  bearing  the  flag  of  that 
officer.  He  was  next  transferred  to  the 
Antelope  50,  the  flag-ship  at  Portsmouth 
of  Sir  J.  T.  Duckworth  ;  and  on  the  8th 
Dec.  1812  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of 
Lieutenant.  In  Feb.  1813,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  Indus  74,  employed  in  the 
North  Sea  ;  in  April  1814  to  the  Diomede 
troop-ship,  in  which  he  sailed  to  America, 
where  in  Jan.  1815  he  joined  the  Euryalus 
36.  On  the  17th  Jan.  following  he  was 
appointed  to  the  Impregnable  104,  as  Flag- 
Lieutenant  to  his  uncle  Sir  J.  T.  Duck- 
worth at  Plymouth.  On  the  19th  April, 
1817,  he  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of 
Commander,  since  which  time  he  has  been 
on  half- pay. 

On  the  formation  of  the  Tithe  Com- 
mission he  was  appointed  one  of  the  joint 
commissioners,  and  he  retained  the  same 
capacity  under  the  recent  amalgamation  of 
the  Tithe,  Enclosure,  and  Copyhold  Com- 
missions. 

Captain  Boiler  married,  Oct.  24,  18S7, 


Anne,  only  daughter  of  Edward  Divett, 
esq.  of  By  stock,  co.  Devon,  by  whom  he 
has  left  issue. 


Mr.  Serjeant  Halcomb. 

Nov.  3.  At  New  Radnor,  in  his  63d 
year,  John  Halcomb,  esq.  serjeant-at-law. 

This  gentleman  was  the  son  of  a  successful 
coach-proprietor.  He  was  called  to  the 
bar  at  the  Inner  Temple,  June  13,  1823; 
and  practised  as  a  special  pleader  and  in 
the  Common  Law  Courts.  He  also  went 
the  Western  circuit,  and  attended  the 
Wiltshire  sessions. 

On  the  western  circuit  during  the  early 
part  of  his  career  he  was  considered  one 
of  the  most  rising  juniors,  the  late  Sir 
William  Follett,  with  whom  he  retained  a 
strict  friendship  through  life,  being  one  of 
his  principal  competitors.  Indeed,  that 
distinguished  advocate,  and  also  Mr.  Jus- 
tice Patteson  and  Mr.  Justice  Coleridge, 
were  ail  associated  together  with  Mr.  Ser- 
jeant Halcomb  as  pupils  during  the  period 
of  their  studentship,  and  confident  expecta- 
tions were  at  that  time  entertained  of  the 
future  eminence  of  each.  To  Mr.  Hal- 
comb's  ambition  to  enter  Parliament  too 
early  his  failure  at  the  bar  has  been  mainly 
ascribed. 

He  was  repeatedly  a  candidate  to  repre- 
sent the  port  of  Dover  in  parliament ;  but 
obtained  the  object  of  his  ambition  only 
for  the  short  period  between  March  183S 
and  the  dissolution  of  1835.  It  was  in 
1826  that  he  first  appeared  on  the  hustings 
as  a  strong  opponent  of  the  Roman  Ca- 
tholic claims  ;  he  polled  628  votes,  the 
successful  candidates  Mr.  Wilbraham  and 
Mr.  Poulett  Thomson  respectively  polling 
1175  and  746,  and  Mr.  Butterwortti  (one 
of  the  former  members)  198.  In  Feb. 
1828,  when  Mr.  Wilbraham  was  created 
Lord  Skelmersdale,  Mr.  Halcomb  made  his 
second  attempt,  but  was  defeated  by  Wil- 
liam Henry  Trant,  esq.  who  had  738  votes 
to  Mr.  Halcomb's  633.  In  1831  he  waived 
the  contest;  but  in  1832,  after  the  enact- 
ment of  Reform,  he  again  came  forward, 
with  the  following  unsuccessful  result — 

Charles  Poulett  Thomson,  esq.  .  713 
Sir  John  Rae  Reid,  Bart.       .     .  644 

John  Halcomb,  esq 523 

Capt.  R.  H.  Stanhope      .     .     .498 

At  last,  in  March  1833,  when  Mr. 
Poulett  Thomson  was  elected  for  Man- 
chester, Mr.  Halcomb  was  successful  at 
Dover,  defeating  Capt.  R.  H.  Stanhope 
by  734  votes  to  665. 

He  did  not,  however,  venture  another 
contest  in  1835  ;  but  at  that  election  he 
was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Warwick, 
where  he  polled  416  votes,  being  a  mi- 


96 


Obituary. — Miss  Beny. 


[Jan. 


nority  of  fifty-two  below  Mr.  King,  who 
was  returned. 

In  1841   Mr.  Halcomb  again  assailed 
the   portmen  of  Dover,  but  the  former 
members  were  returned,  by  the  following 
poll- 
Sir  John  Rae  Reid,  Bart.    .     .   1000 
Edward  R.  Rice,  esq.     ...     960 

John  Halcomb,  esq 536 

Alex.  Galloway,  esq.  .  .  .  281 
Mr.  Serjeant  Halcomb's  name  will  be 
found  frequently  in  the  debates  which  oc- 
curred during  the  period  that  he  sat  in 
Parliament,  as  he  took  part  in  several  of 
the  leading  discussions,  and  was  a  warm 
supporter  of  the  Conservative  party.  As 
chairman  of  the  committee  he  drew  up  a 
valuable  report  on  the  Fisheries  Bills.  In 
1839  he  received  the  honour  of  the  coif, 
but  since  that  period  his  name  has  not  oc- 
cupied any  prominent  position  in  the  law 
reports. 

Mr.  Halcomb  was  the  author  of  the 
following  professional  works — 

Analysis  of  the  Report  of  the  Case  of 
Rowe  V.  Young,  on  a  Bill  of  Exchange, 
decided  in  the  House  of  Lords  (July  1820) ; 
with  Remarks  thereon.     1821.     8vo. 

Report  of  the  Trials  and  subsequent 
Proceedings  in  the  Causes  of  Rowe  v. 
Grenfell,  Rowe  v.  Brenton  and  another, 
and  Doe  (dem.  Carthew)  v.  Brenton,  re- 
lative to  the  Claims  made  by  the  Lessees 
of  the  Duke  of  Cornwall  to  the  Copper 
Mines  within  the  Duchy  Lands ;  and  in- 
volving also  the  question  of  Title  to  the 
hmds  and  estates  of  the  Tenants.  1826. 
8vo. 

Practical  Treatise  on  passing  Private 
Bills  through  both  Houses  of  Parliament; 
containing  full  Directions  for  Members 
who  have  charge  of  Private  Bills,  and  for 
Solicitors,  &c.  Second  edition,  with  a 
Supplement.     1838. 

In  private  life  Mr.  Halcomb  was  re- 
markable for  kindliness  of  disposition 
and  urbanity  of  manners  ;  and  his  con- 
versational powers  rendered  him  a  most 
agreeable  companion,  possessed,  as  he 
was,  of  a  store  of  information,  and  a 
highly  cuitivated  taste.  He  died  after  a 
painful  illness  of  some  years'  duration. 
He  has  left  a  widow  and  four  sons.  His 
only  daughter  died  on  the  10th  Dec.  1847. 


Miss  Berry. 

Nov.  21.  At  her  residence  in  Curzon- 
street,  aged  90,  Miss  Berry — memorable 
as  the  lady  to  whom  Horace  Walpole 
addressed  so  much  of  his  epistolary  and 
personal  attentions. 

Mary  Berry  was  the  elder  of  the  two 
daughters  of  Robert  Berry,  esq.  of  South 
Aadley  Street,  a  Yorkshire  gentleman  of 
12 


fortune,  if  we  are  not  misinformed,  and 
certainly  the  disappointed  heir-at-law  of 
an  uncle  who  unexpectedly  left  his  wealth 
away  from  him.  The  names  of  the  girls 
were  Mary  and  Agnes.  Mary  was  well 
read,  and  mistress  of  Latin ;  and  Agnes 
drew  and  painted  in  water  colours  with 
great  success. 

We  have  seen  at  the  British  Museum 
one  of  the  occasional  productions  of  the 
Strawberry  Hill  Press,  of  which  we  here 
introduce  an  entire  copy. 

The  Press  at  Strawberry-llill  to  Miss  Mary  and 
Miss  Agues  Berry. 

To  Mary's  Lips  ha.s  ancient  Home 

Her  purest  Language  taught ; 
And  from  the  modern  Cit>'  home 

Agnes  its  pencil  brought. 
Home's  ancient  Horace  sweetly  chants 

Such  Maids  with  lyric  Mre  ; 
Albion's  old  Horace  .sings  nor  paints — 

He  only  can  admire  : 
Still  wou'd  his  Press  their  Fame  record , 

So  amiable  the  Pair  is  ! 
But  ah  !  how  vain  to  think  /i«  Word 

Can  odd  a  Straw  to  Bebrts. 

Walpole  became  acquainted  with  Miss 
Berry  and  her  sister  before  the  year  178f). 
He  first  met  them,  it  is  believed,  at  Lord  » 
Strafford's,  at  Wen tworth  Castle,  in  York^ 
shire.  During  the  correspondence  the 
ladies  visited  Italy,  and  finally  returned  to 
Twickenham  to  be  within  call  of  the  Prince 
of  Letter  Writers.*  Walpole  was  fond  of 
his  "  two  wives,"  as  he  called  them,  would 
write  and  number  his  letters  to  them, 
and  tell  them  stories  of  his  early  life,  and 
of  what  he  had  seen  and  heard,  with  ten 
times  the  vivacity  and  minuteness  that  he 
employed  in  telling  similar  stories  to  Pin- 
kerton  or  Dalrymple.  The  ladies  listened ; 
and  it  was  Walpole's  joy — 

Still  with  his  favourite  Berrys  to  remain. 
Delighted  with  what  they  heard,  they  be- 
gan with  notes  of  what  he  told  them,  and 
soon  induced  him,  by  the  sweet  power  of 
two  female  pleaders  at  his  ear  and  in  his 
favourite  "Tribune,"  to  put  in  writing 
those  charming  "  Reminiscences"  of  the 
Courts  of  George  the  First  and  his  son, 
which  will  continue  to  be  read  with  inte- 
rest as  long  as  English  history  is  read. 

When  Walpole  died  he  left  to  the  Misses 
Berry,  in  conjunction  with  their  father, 
the  greater  part  of  his  papers,  and  the 
charge  of  collecting  and  publishing  his 
works.  The  so-called  edition  of  his  Works, 
which  appeared  in  five  volumes  quarto, 

•  Both  Mason  and  Lord  Harcourt  ob- 
served this  growing  attachment  of  Walpole 
to  the  Miss  Berrys  with  jealousy  and  dis- 
pleasure, as  appears  by  some  letters  still 
in  MS.  from  them  in  the  possession  of  a 
friend. 


1853.] 


Obituary. — The  Rev.  Edward  Mangin, 


97 


was  edited  by  the  father,  who  lived  with 
his  daughters,  at  Twickenham  and  at  South 
Audley  Street,  for  some  years  after  Wal- 
pole's  death.  He  died,  a  very  old  man,  at 
Genoa,  in  the  spring  of  1817;  but  the 
daughters  lived  in  London,  and  for  up- 
wards of  half  a  century  saw,  either  in 
South  Audley  Street,  or  in  Curzon  Street, 
or  at  Richmond  *  (within  sight  of  Straw- 
berry), two  generations  of  literary  men. 
They  loved  the  society  of  authors  and  of 
people  of  fashion,  and  thought  at  times 
(not  untruly)  that  they  were  the  means  of 
bringing  about  them  more  authors  of  note 
mixing  in  good  society  than  Mrs.  Mon- 
tagu, or  the  Countess  of  Cork,  or  Lydia 
White  herself,  had  succeeded  in  drawing 
together. 

It  would  have  been  strange  if  Miss 
Berry,  with  all  her  love  and  admiration 
for  Horace  Walpole,  had  escaped  the  fate  of 
being  an  authoress.  Her  scattered  writings 
were  collected  by  herself  in  1844,  into  two 
octavo  volumes,  entitled,  "  England  and 
France  ;  a  Comparative  View  of  the  Social 
Condition  of  both  Countries,  from  the 
Restoration  of  Charles  the  Second  to  the 
present  Time:  to  which  are  now  first 
added.  Remarks  on  Lord  Orford's  Letters 
— the  Life  of  the  Marquise  du  Deffand — 
the  Life  of  Rachael  Lady  Russell ;  and. 
Fashionable  Friends,  a  Comedy."  In  these 
Miscellanies  (for  by  that  name  should  they 
have  been  called)  are  to  be  found  many 
keen  and  correct  remarks  on  society,  and 
on  men  and  manners,  with  here  and  there 
a  dash  of  old  reading,  and  every  now  and 
then  a  valuable  observation  or  two  on  the 
fashion  and  minute  details  of  the  age  in 
which  Walpole  lived. 

Miss  Berry*s  last  literary  undertaking 
was  a  vindication  of  Walpole  from  the 
sarcastic  and  not  always  correct  character 
of  him  drawn  by  Mr.  Macaulay  in  an 
article  in  the  Edinburgh  Review.  In  1840 
•he  edited,  for  the  first  time,  the  sixty  Let- 
ters which  Walpole  had  addressed  to  her- 
self and  her  sister.  In  his  late  years  Wal- 
pole makes  no  better  appearance  than  he 
does  in  his  letters  to  Mary  and  Agnes. 
He  seems  to  have  forgotten  the  gout  and 
Chatterton,  Dr.  Kippis  and  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries,  and  to  have  written  like 
an  old  man  no  longer  soured  by  the  world, 
but  altogether  in  lOve  with  what  was  good. 

Miss  Berry  survived  her  younger  sister 
about  eighteen  months.  She  is  said  to 
have  felt  her  loss  severely.  For  a  time 
she  was  observed 

To  mu5e  and  take  her  solitary  tea  ; 


but  she  rallied,  and  continued  to  cultivate 
the  living  society  of  our  times,  as  well  as 
to  dwell  on  the  reminbcences  of  that 
vanished  society  which  she  was  as  it  were 
the  last  to  enjoy. 


*  The  Miss  Berrys  lived  in  Mr.  Lambe's 
house  at  Richmond.  In  the  summer  of 
lRr>i  in  the  house  on  the  Hill  of  Lord 
Lansdowne,  which  he  lent  to  them. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


The  Rev.  Edward  Mangin. 

Oct.  1 7.  At  his  residence  in  Johnstone 
street,  Bath,  aged  80,  the  Rev.  Edward 
Mangin,  Prebendary  of  Rath,  in  the  dio- 
cese of  Kill  aloe. 

Mr.  Mangin  was  descended  from  a 
Huguenot  family,  which  took  refuge  in 
Ireland  from  the  persecutions  in  the  time 
of  Louis  XIV.,  and  rose  to  opulent  and 
important  stations  in  their  adopted  country. 
He  had  much  of  the  manners  of  both 
France  and  Ireland — foreign  acuteness  of 
conversation,  with  a  remarkable  share  of 
the  pleasantry  and  good  humour  of  the 
Irish  gentleman. 

He  was  educated  at  Oxford,  for  the 
church,  and  obtained  preferment  in  Ire- 
land at  an  early  age.  Marrying  early,  but 
soon  left  a  widower,  with  an  only  daugh- 
ter,— worthy  of  him,  and  to  whom  he  was 
affectionately  attached  through  life, — after 
a  long  interval  he  married  again,  and  has 
left  two  sons,  like  himself  educated  at 
Oxford,  and  now  in  the  church. 

He  had  resided  for  many  years  in  Bath, 
associated  with  all  the  intelligent  in  that 
intelligent  city  ;  easy  in  fortune,  and 
scarcely  visited  by  the  common  casualties 
of  life,  he  rather  glided  through  years 
than  felt  thera.  To  the  last,  though  expe- 
riencing some  pains  of  the  frame,  he  exhi- 
bited no  failure  of  his  intellectual  powers. 
His  death  was  like  his  life  —  tranquil. 
He  walked  out  the  day  before,  sat  with 
his  family  during  the  evening,  retired  to 
rest  with  no  appearance  of  an  increase  of 
illness,  and  slept  undisturbed  during  the 
night.  In  that  sleep,  between  seven  and 
eight  next  morning,  he  expired. 

Mr.  Mangin  was  the  editor  of  the  im- 
pression of  Richardson  the  novelist's 
works  published  in  nineteen  volumes,  in 
1811,  and  of"  Piozziana,  or  Recollections 
of  Mrs.  Piozzi,'*  in  1833.  Upon  neither 
of  these  works  did  he  bestow  a  very  large 
amount  of  labour  or  research.  We  believe 
he  was  the  author  of  some  occasional  ori- 
ginal essays  on  manners,  travels,  and 
character. 

At  the  recent  meeting  of  the  Somerset- 
shire Archieological  and  Natural  History 
Society  at  Bath  its  temporary  museum 
contained,  amongj  numerous  other  curi- 
osities, the  Silver  Drinking  Cup  of  Etienne 
Mangin,  who  was  burnt  at  the  stake  in 
1546.  The  following  inscription  is  en- 
graved upon  it  :  "  Oct.  7,  1546,  Stephen 
Mangin  for  professing  the  Reformed  Re- 
O 


98 


Obituary. — Rev.  Henry  Hasted^  F.R.S. 


[Jan. 


ligioD,  resolutely  suffered  death  in  front 
of  his  house,  at  Meaux,  ten  leagues  from 
Paris.  At  the  stake  he  desired  his  wife 
to  give  him  water  in  his  usual  drinking 
cup,  which  he  emptied  to  the  welfare  of 
his  friends  and  the  success  of  his  cause. 
This  is  that  cup,  handed  down  from  father 
to  son,  to  Edward  Mangin,  who  had  this 
inscription  engraved  on  it,  1820.*' 


Rev.  Henry  Hasted,  F.R.S. 

Nov,  26.  At  Bury  St  Edmund's,  in  his 
82d  year,  the  Rev.  Henry  Hasted,  M.A. 
Rector  of  Horringer  and  Braiseworth,  Suf- 
folk, and  late  Lecturer  of  St.  Mary^s  church 
in  Bury. 

Mr.  Hasted  was  bom  Sept.  17, 1771  at 
Bury  St.  Edmund's,  where  his  father  was 
an  apothecary.  He  was  educated  at  King 
Edward's  Grammar  School  in  that  town 
under  the  Head  Masterships  of  the  Rev. 
Philip  Laurents  and  the  Rev.  M.  T. 
Becher.  He  went  up  to  Cambridge,  to 
Christ's  college,  and  took  his  Bachelor's 
degree  in  1793,  being  placed  as  Sixth 
Wrangler ;  and  his  degree  as  M.A.  in 
1796.  He  afterwards  became  a  Fellow  of 
Christ's  college,  and  was  believed  to  be 
on  the  eve  of  being  elected  Master,  when 
he  was  appointed  by  the  corporation  of 
Bury  to  the  preachership  of  St.  Mary's, 
in  the  year  1802.  In  1812  he  was  pre- 
sented to  the  rectory  of  Braiseworth  by 
Sir  Edw.  Kerrison,  and  in  1814  to  that 
of  Horringer,  or  Horningsheath,  by  the 
Marquess  of  Bristol.  In  1842  he  resigned 
the  preachership  of  St.  Mary's,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  continued  debility  caused 
by  a  paralytic  attack  ;  but  he  held  the 
rectory  of  Horringer  (in  which,  as  well  as 
in  the  preachership  of  St.  Mary's,  he  was 
a  worthy  successor  of  Bishop  Bedell)  and 
that  of  Braiseworth,  until  his  death.  On 
his  resignation,  a  service  of  plate  was  pur- 
chased by  a  subscription  of  250/.  and  pre- 
sented to  him  by  the  inhabitants  of  the 
town  generally. 

Few  men  have  filled  a  larger  place  in 
the  circle  of  their  own  neighbourhood  than 
the  Rev.  Henry  Hasted,  or  have  more  un- 
remittingly devoted  their  whole  time  and 
talents  through  a  long  life  to  the  service  of 
others  than  he  did.  Gifted  by  his  Creator 
with  considerable  intellectual  faculties, 
which  he  had  diligently  cultivated  at  school 
and  college,  and  endowed  also  with  great 
activity  of  mind  and  a  capacity  for  con- 
tinued mental  exertion,  he  lived  to  work 
for  the  good  of  others,  and  threw  the 
whole  weight  of  his  energies  into  the 
furtherance  of  works  of  piety  and  benevo- 
lence. To  his  indefatigable  zeal  and  great 
influence  it  is  in  a  great  measure  due.  that 
the  Suffolk  County  Hospital  e^Usts,  and  is 


what  it  is ;  and  numerous  societies  for  the 
promotion  of  religious  and  educational  ob- 
jects had  in  him  one  of  their  most  active 
promoters  and  most  warm  patrons.  He 
was  a  governor  of  King  Edward's  Grammar 
School,  a  trustee  of  the  Guildhall  Feoff- 
ment, and  of  almost  all  the  charitable  and 
other  trusts  in  the  town. 

In  the  pulpit  he  was  always  an  attractive 
and  impressive  preacher  ;  and  at  a  time 
when  the  sermons  in  many  churches  were 
little  more  than  moral  essays,  his  dis- 
courses were  always  directed  to  the  great 
doctrines  of  Christianity.  There  was  a 
gentleness  in  his  address,  and  an  earnest- 
ness mixed  with  suavity  of  tone  and  ex- 
pression, which,  added  to  the  real  matter 
they  contained,  made  his  discourses  win- 
ning and  persuasive.  It  was  characteristic 
of  his  energetic  spirit  and  his  love  of  his 
ministerial  work,  that  he  continued  to 
preach  at  Horringer  church  as  long  as  he 
had  physical  power  to  ascend  the  pulpit; 
and  when  increasing  infirmity  made  this 
impossible,  he  published  a  volume  of 
sermons,  which  he  dedicated  to  his  pa- 
rishioners. He  was  at  all  times  most 
diligent  in  visiting  his  flock  from  house  to 
house  ;  and  long  after  the  time  when  most 
men  would  have  yielded  to  the  cry  of  na- 
ture for  rest  and  repose,  he  might  be  seen 
with  labour  and  difficulty  making  his  way 
through  the  parish,  going  to  the  schools, 
visiting  the  sick,  or  taking  suitable  re- 
ligious tracts  to  the  cottages,  or  minister- 
ing, which  he  did  most  largely,  to  the 
temporal  wants  of  the  poor. 

Constant  cheerfulness,  unclouded  good 
humour,  and  universal  benevolence  and 
kindliness,  both  in  word  and  deed,  went 
hand  in  hand  with  this.  It  was  always 
sunshine  with  him.  And  a  striking  sight 
it  was  to  see  how  this  cheerfulness  of 
spirit,  which  seemed  to  spring  from  the 
most  simple-minded  and  child-like  sub- 
mission to  the  will  of  God,  carried  him 
through  the  heaviest  trials,  and  lightened 
the  heaviest  burdens.  Thus,  when  a 
paralytic  stroke  deprived  him  of  the  use 
of  his  right  hand,  fifteen  years  ago,  he 
set  himself  without  a  murmur  to  learn  to 
write  with  his  left  hand,  and,  though  the 
labour  which  this  entailed  upon  him,  both 
in  writing  sermons  and  in  keeping  up  an 
extensive  correspondence,  was  very  great, 
his  predominant  feeling  always  seemed  to 
be,  not  so  much  regret  for  what  he  had 
lost,  as  thankfulness  for  the  use  of  what 
was  still  preserved  to  him.  He  possessed 
uncommon  delicacy  of  feeling.  He  could 
never  say  or  do  anything  to  hurt  the 
feelings  of  others  in  the  smallest  degree, 
nor  did  an  illnatured  or  uncharitable  re- 
mark ever  escape  his  lips.  Those  who 
asked  his  advice  and  assistance  in  diffi- 


1853.] 


Obituary, — Professor  Empson, 


99 


culties  might  depend  upon  his  never  be- 
traying their  confidence,  or  taming  any 
matter  which  they  might  impart  to  him 
into  a  subject  of  idle  conversation.  He 
was  liberal  to  the  fall  extent  of  his  means, 
and  his  courteous  hospitality  was  quite  a 
feature  in  the  town  of  Bury.  "  Be  not 
forgetful  to  entertain  strangers"  and 
"  Use  hospitality  without  grudging  "  were 
precepts  of  Holy  Writ  which  he  seemed 
to  take  a  peculiar  delight  in  obeying.  Nor 
was  it  only  at  his  table  that  he  exercised 
hospitality.  Till  within  the  last  few  years, 
when  he  was  disabled  by  infirmity,  he  was 
always  ready  to  do  the  honours  of  the 
town  to  strangers.  Closely  as  his  time 
was  filled,  he  would  find  the  means  of  de- 
voting an  hour  or  two  to  shew  his  visitors 
the  schools  and  churches  and  antiquities 
of  the  place,  and  to  make  their  sojourn  as 
agreeable  as  he  could  by  his  cheerful 
society  and  hospitable  attentions.  We 
have  often  heard  him  called  by  strangers 
the  Gains  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's.  His 
conversation  was  as  agreeable  as  his  man- 
ners were  engaging ;  he  had  information 
at  command  on  most  subjects,  which  he 
was  always  ready  to  impart  in  the  most 
modest,  unassuming,  and  entertaining 
manner,  while  at  the  same  time  he  had 
that  active  curiosity  of  mind  which  made 
him  keen  in  seeking  for  knowledge  from 
those  who  had  it  to  impart.  In  truth,  his 
varied  attainments  in  different  branches 
of  philosophy,  especially  in  mathematics, 
botany,  and  natural  history,  as  well  as  in 
classical  and  general  literature,  raised  his 
character  as  a  scholar  to  a  level  with  that 
which  he  bore  as  a  Christian  and  as  a  man.'*' 

Besides  the  volume  of  Sermons  already 
mentioned,  Mr.  Hasted  published  two 
volumes  of  Lent  Sermons,  a  tract  of  Four 
Sermons  on  Confirmation  printed  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Hospital  in  1833,  and  some 
interesting  "  Reminiscences  of  Dr.  Wol- 
laston"  in  the  4th  part  of  the  Bury 
Archaeological  Proceedings. 

He  married,  in  1807,  Miss  Ord,  the 
only  daughter  of  Dr.  Ord,  of  Fornham, 
who  lived  barely  three  years  after  their 
union,  and  by  whom  he  had  two  children, 
who  survive  him,  the  Rev.  Henry  John 
Hasted,  Rector  of  Sproughton,  and  Mrs. 
George  Heighami 

It  has  been  resolved  to  perpetuate  the 
memory  of  Mr.  Hasted  by  a  public  sub- 
scription for  the  endowment  of  a  new  ward 
in  the  Bury  Hospital,  and  by  erecting 
tablets  in  each  church  of  the  town  to 
record  that  endowment. 

*  We  have  condensed  this  character  of 
Mr.  Hasted  from  an  article  attributed  to  the 
Rev.  Lord  Arthur  Hervey  in  thtBuryPoMt, 


There  is  a  portrait  of  Mr.  Hasted  en- 
graved by  C.  Turner  after  a  painting  by 
Strutt  in  a  folio  size  ;  it  is  a  fair  likeness, 
but  conveys  the  impression  that  he  was  a 
tall  instead  pf  a  short  man. 


Professor  Empson. 

Dec.  10.  At  Haileybury,  near  Hert- 
ford, aged  62,  William  Empson,  esq.  Pro- 
fessor of  Law  in  Haileybury  College,  and 
Editor  of  the  Edinburgh  Review. 

Mr.  Empson  was  educated  at  Winches- 
ter school  and  at  Trinity  college,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  B.A.  1812, 
M.A.  1815. 

He  began  to  contribute  to  the  Edinburgh 
Review  in  1823,  when  Francis  Jeffrey, 
afterwards  his  father-in-law,  was  yet  editor. 
Jeffrey  resigned  the  post  where  he  had 
gained  his  high  literary  distinction  in  1829, 
on  being  appointed  Dean  of  the  Faculty 
of  Advocates  at  Edinburgh,  an  office  which 
he  considered  incompatible  with  the  lea- 
dership of  a  party  journal.  The  98th 
number  was  the  last  of  Jeffrey's  editing, 
the  Review  then  passing  into  the  hands 
of  Mr.  Macvey  Napier,  one  of  the  law 
professors  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh. 
Empson,  the  third  editor,  commenced  his 
reign  in  1830.  In  one  of  Lord  Jeffrey's 
letters  to  him  at  this  time  there  is  a  pas- 
sage of  much  interest,  both  as  recording 
the  views  of  the  great  critic  as  to  editorial 
duties  and  privileges,  and  testifying  to  the 
qualifications  of  Empson  for  the  office. 
"  I  think  you  have  (he  says)  a  better 
knack,  even  than  me,  in  touching  lights 
and  bringing  out  effects,  as  I  have  less 
patience  to  watch  the  capacities  of  im- 
provement, and  was  more  given  to  dash 
out  and  substitute,  by  wholesale,  than  to 
interweave  graces  or  lace  seams,"  8cc. 

Mr.  Empson  contributed  to  the  Review, 
during  the  years  1823  to  1849,  more  thaa 
sixty  articles,  on  subjects  of  law,  the  con- 
dition of  the  poorer  classes,  negro  slavery, 
domestic  politics,  poetry,  and  general  lite- 
rature and  biography.  Of  his  later  arti- 
cles, that  on  Stanley's  Life  of  Dr.  Arnold, 
in  the  January  bumber  of  1845,  gave  him 
opportunity  of  paying  a  just  tribute  to  the 
memory  of  his  old  schoolfellow  and  illus- 
trious friend.  He  was  a  contemporary  of 
Arnold  at  Winchester  School,  and  through 
life  his  sympathy  with  the  literary  and 
political  views  of  his  friend  was  ardent. 
On  educational  and  ecclesiastical  questions 
Mr.  Empson  wrote  various  papers,  which 
had  much  influence  on  public  opinion. 

At  Haileybury  Mr.  Empson  succeeded 
to  the  chair  which  had  been  occupied  by 
Sir  James  Mackintosh.  In  that  office  his 
business  was  to  educate  men  to  conduct 
the  civil  administration  of  that  great  em- 


100 


Obituary. — John  Hamilton  Reynolds ^  Esq. 


[Jan, 


pire,  the  variety  of  wbose  local  institu- 
tions,  as  well  as  the  complexity  of  inte- 
rests arising  from  differeoces  of  law,  of 
religion,  and  of  dependence,  render  pre- 
paration for  practical  government  the  more 
difficult.  It  was  Professor  Empson's  aim 
to  inculcate  broad  fundamental  doctrines 
of  moral  science  and  of  the  laws  of  na- 
tions, and  to  impress  great  historical  and 
ethical  principles,  knowing  that  fhe  appli- 
cation of  these  would  be  easily  regulated 
by  the  knowledge  of  particular  or  local 
institutions.  He  was  learned  and  accu- 
rate in  the  details  of  actual  practice  in  the 
various  departments  of  law  in  India ;  but 
his  excellence  as  a  Professor  consisted  still 
more  in  moral  and  philosophical  training, 
without  which  mere  legal  knowledge  has 
little  that  is  attractive  or  noble.  He  pos- 
sessed the  art  of  acquiring  and  exercising 
an  influence  over  the  hearts  of  his  pupils  ; 
showing  a  genial  interest  in  the  students 
of  his  class,  which  won  their  confidence 
and  affection.  At  the  recent  examination , 
when  the  students  were  apprised  of  the 
precarious  state  of  their  friend  and  in- 
structor, then  suffering  from  the  rupture 
of  a  blood-vessel,  they  spontaneously  re- 
linquished their  accustomed  festival,  as 
being  inconsistent  with  their  anxiety  and 
grateful  regard  for  him.  Notwithstanding 
his  enfeebled  state  of  health,  he  carefully 
went  through  the  Examination  papers,  and 
assigned  to  each  student  his  rank  and 
position.  No  man  ever  fell  more  truly  in 
the  field  of  duty. 

Mr.  Empson  married  the  only  child  of 
Lord  Jeffrey.  Of  his  personal  character 
and  mental  accomplishments  a  most  pleas- 
ing impression  is  conveyed  from  Jeffrey's 
correspondence.  Many  of  the  best  letters 
in  that  delightful  series  arc  either  written 
to  Mr.  Empson,  or  are  dated  from  his 
house  at  Haileybury,  whither  Jeffrey  loved 
to  retire  when  in  England  on  his  parlia- 
mentary duties.  Some  of  these  letters  have 
a  mingled  literary  and  historical  interest, 
as  that  in  which  Jeffrey  comments  on  a 
letter  from  Mr.  Macaulay  to  Empson, 
stating  his  reasons  for  wishing  to  devote 
himself  to  a  literary  instead  of  a  political 
life.  The  letter  to  Mr.  Empson,  on  re- 
ceiving through  him  a  proof  of  the  first 
sheets  of  Macaulay 's  History,  will  always 
be  read  with  interest. 


John  Hamilton  RKYNOLns,  Esq. 

Nov.  15.  At  Node  hill,  Newport,  I.  W. 
aged  58,  John  Hamilton  Reynolds,  esq. 
Clerk  of  the  County  Court  for  the  Isle  of 
Wight. 

Some  poems  published  by  Mr.  Reynolds 
when  he  was  a  mere  youth  won  for  him 


words  of  kindness  and  encouragement  from 
men  of  establbhed  reputation.  Byron,  in 
a  letter  to  Hodgson,  spoke  of  him  as  "  a 
youngster,  and  a  clever  one  :  "  and  he 
records  in  his  journal  of  Feb.  20,  1814, 
that  he  "answered,  or  rather  acknow- 
ledged, the  receipt  of  young  Reynolds's 
poem,  '  Safi^.'  The  lad  is  clever,  but 
much  of  his  thoughts  are  borrowed, — 
whence,  the  reviewers  may  find  out.  I 
hate  discouraging  a  young  one  ;  and  I 
think— though  wild  and  more  oriental  than 
he  would  be  had  he  seen  the  scenes  where 
he  has  placed  his  tale — that  he  has  much 
talent,  and  certainly  fire  enough."  Mr. 
Leigh  Hunt,  who  at  that  time  sat  with 
authority  in  the  critical  chair  of  the  Ex- 
aminer, devoted  a  paper  to  the  younger 
poets—"  Shelley,  Keats,  and  Reynolds;  *' 
and  it  is  no  small  honour  now,  though  it 
was  somewhat  mischievous  at  the  time,  to 
have  been  thus  associated  by  one  so  able 
to  form  a  discriminating  judgment. 

"  Safi^  "  was  soon  followed  by  ''The 
Naiad,"  and  other  poems,  all  published 
before  the  writer  was  twenty-one — or  per- 
haps twenty — years  of  age. 

In  1819f  when  Wordsworth,  encouraged 
by  the  growing  recognition  of  the  public, 
and  the  enthusiastic  admiration  of  his 
then  small  circle  of  admirers,  announced 
his  "  Peter  Bell,"  the  very  name  seemed 
to  foreshadow  that  the  work  was  to  be 
the  touchstone  of  his  theory,  and  a  test  of 
the  sincerity  and  devotion  of  his  worship- 
pers. Reynolds,  though  an  admirer  of 
Wordsworth,  had  even  a  stronger  relish 
for  a  joke  ;  and  as  he  never  then,  and 
rarely  afterwards,  stopped  to  weigh  con- 
sequences, he  anticipated  the  genuine  pub- 
lication by  a  Peter  Bell  of  his  own,  which 
puzzled  and  perplexed  many,  and  was  con- 
demned or  laughed  at,  according  to  the 
humour  of  the  reader.  Right  or  wrong, 
it  is  fair  to  assume  that  the  skit  had  merit; 
for  Coleridge  pronounced  positively  that 
it  was  written  by  Charles  Lrfimb, — and  on 
the  ground  that  no  other  person  could 
have  written  it.  Mr.  Reynolds  had  al- 
ready become  a  frequent  contributor  to 
the  London  Magazine ;  and  he  also  wrote 
in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  the  Retrospec- 
tive, and  subsequently  in  the  Westminster. 
In  every  number  of  the  London  the  traces 
of  his  light  and  pleasant  pen  were  visible ; 
and  at  every  social  meeting  of  the  con- 
tributors— which  included  Charles  Lamb, 
and  Allan  Cunningham,  and  Carey  the 
translator  of  Dante,  and  George  Darley, 
and  Hazlitt,and  Thomas  Hood,  all  gone ! — 
his  familiar  voice  w«s  heard,  followed  by  a 
laugh  as  by  an  echo. 

Hood  married  Mr.  Reynolds^s  eldest 
sister  ;  and  the  Odes  and  Addresses,  one 


1853.]  Obitvary.—  W.  Ballantine,  Esq.— Rev.  Father  Palmer.    Wl 


of  the  earliest  works  which  made  Hood 
knowQ  to  the  general  public,  was  pub- 
lished in  conjunction  with  Reynolds,  who 
was  also  for  years  a  contributor  to  Hood's 
Comic  Annual.  Life  and  its  duties,  how- 
ever, now  drew  him  aside  from  literature, 
and  he  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  his 
profession  as  a  solicitor.  But  he  was  never 
clearly  quit  of  his  old  love,  nor  cordially 
on  with  the  new :  he  still  contributed 
occasionally  to  our  periodical  literature, 
and  some  of  the  earlier  volumes  of  the 
Athenaeum  were  enlivened  by  his  pen. 
This  divided  duty,  however,  is  rarely  suc- 
cessful :  the  law  spoiled  his  literature,  and 
his  love  of  literature  and  society  interfered 
with  the  drudging  duties  of  the  lawyer. 
The  contest  ended  only  with  his  life. — 
AthetKBum, 


William  Ballantine,  Esq. 

Dec.  14.  In  Cadogan  Place,  Chelsea, 
after  several  months'  severe  illness,  in  his 
74th  year,  William  Ballantine,  esq.  bar- 
rister-at-law,  and  a  magistrate  for  Mid- 
dlesex. 

This  gentleman  was  called  to  the  bar 
by  the  Hon.  Society  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
Feb.  5,  1813.  He  was  for  27  years  one 
of  the  magistrates  of  the  Thames  police- 
court,  and  had  the  chief  control  and  ma- 
nagement of  the  river  police,  a  force  which 
he  left  in  a  state  of  great  efficiency,  when 
it  was  placed  under  the  Metropolitan  Com- 
missioners in  Scotland  Yard  on  the  passing 
of  the  late  Police  Act.  His  urbanity,  in- 
telligence, and  quick  discernment,  and  his 
extensive  legal  knowledge,  with  which  he 
combined  the  most  perfect  self-possession 
and  general  knowledge  of  the  world,  ob- 
tained him  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all 
classes  of  the  people ;  and  when  he  retired 
from  the  active  duties  of  a  police  magis- 
trate, four  years  ago,  the  loss  of  so  able  a 
magistrate  and  so  kind  a  man  was  severely 
felt  by  the  public.  His  memory  will  be 
long  held  in  respectful  remembrance  by 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Tower  Hamlets  and 
the  people  connected  with  the  river  and 
the  trade  and  navigation  of  the  port  of 
London. 

After  his  retirement  from  the  Thames 
police-court,  Mr.  Ballantine  took  a  very 
active  part  in  the  financial  and  judicial 
affairs  of  Middlesex  as  a  county  magis- 
trate. He  has  left  a  large  family  to  mourn 
his  loss,  the  eldest  of  whom  is  Mr.  William 
Ballantine,  an  eminent  barrister  of  the 
Home  Circuit  and  the  Central  Criminal 
Court 


Rev.  Father  Palmer. 
Nov.  10.     At  the  Abbey  of  Mount  St. 
Bernard,  Charnwood  Forest,  aged  70,  the 


Rev.  J.  Bernard  Palmer,  the  superior  of 
that  monastic  institution. 

He  was  born  of  Protestant  parents  in 
October,  1782,  and  left  an  orphan  in  early 
life.  In  his  twenty-sixth  year  he  embraced 
the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  and  shortly  af- 
terwards became  a  religieux  in  the  monas- 
tery of  Lullworth,  in  Dorsetshire,  then 
founded  about  ten  years.  Here,  and  at  La 
Melleray  in  Britany,  be  passed  more  than 
twenty- two  years,  but  eventually  returned 
to  his  native  country.  In  1835  (three 
hundred  years  after  the  suppression  of 
monasteries  in  England),  Ambrose  Lisle 
Phillips,  esq.  of  Grace  Dieu  Manor,  and 
Laura  Mary,  his  wife  (a  descendant  of  the 
noble  family  of  Clifford),  purchased  250 
acres  of  wild,  desert  land,  upon  the  Charn- 
wood Forest  hills,  about  one  mile  north- 
east of  the  small  market  town  of  Whit- 
wick  ;  36  acres  were  at  first  brought  into 
a  state  of  cultivation,  and  here  in  a  mise- 
rable cottage,  five  monks  (one  of  whom 
was  the  subject  of  this  short  sketch, 
formed  themselves  into  a  branch  of  the 
Cistercian  Order  of  La  Trappe  in  France) 
In  1839,  by  a  munificent  gift  from  the 
Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  the  monks,  who  had 
increased  to  the  number  of  forty,  were 
enabled  to  build  the  present  beautiful  spe- 
cimen of  Early  English  architecture,  known 
by  the  name  of  **  the  Abbey  of  Mount  St. 
Bernard,"  in  which,  however,  they  were 
largely  and  liberally  assisted  by  the  wealthy 
and  pious  Roman  Catholics  of  the  United 
Kingdom.  In  1844  it  was  consecrated  as 
a  monastery,  and  constituted  an  abbey. 
About  four  years  ago,  the  Rev.  Father 
Palmer  was  ordained  by  the  sovereign  pon- 
tiff' as  the  authorised  head  of  the  insti- 
tution. 

His  rigorous  self  denial,  his  unceasing 
benevolence,  his  unostentatious  charity, 
his  gentleness  of  speech  and  manner,  his 
Christian  forgiveness  of  injuries,  his  meek 
and  apostolic  aspect,  and,  above  all,  his 
humble  resignation  to  the  will  of  God, 
while  under  severe  affliction,  will  not  soon 
be  forgotten. 

He  had  for  more  than  a  year  suffered  se- 
verely from  dropsy,  which,  although  incur- 
able, admitted  at  intervalsofshort  seasons  of 
apparent  convalescence,  during  that  period. 
So  imminent  was  the  danger  of  several 
attacks,  that  he  five  times  received  the 
last  offices  of  his  religion  within  the  year, 
the  last  of  these  being  on  the  morning  of 
his  decease. 

From  the  time  of  his  death  to  the  fore- 
noon of  Saturday,  the  13th  Nov.  the  body, 
clothed  in  full  canonicals,  was  deposited 
in  the  church  belonging  to  the  abbey,  the 
monks,  without  intermission,  reciting  in 
solemn  cadences  the  appointed  services  for 


102     Obituary.— iMV.  H,  J.  S.  Bradfield. — Mr.  T.  Fairland.    [Jan. 

Southern,  or  Cedros  district,  on  the  1 3th 
April,  1839 ;  but  returned  to  England,  we 
believe,  in  the  following  year,  having  been 
superseded  in  consequence  of  a  collision 
with  some  other  colonial  officer. 

In  1841  he  again  went  to  the  West 
Indies  in  the  capacity  of  Private  Secre- 
tary to  Colonel  Macdonald,  Lieut.-Gover- 
nor  of  Dominica  ;  and  in  1 842  he  acted 
for  some  time  as  Colonial  Secretary  in 
Barbados.  The  charges  which  had  oc- 
casioned his  previous  return  were  how- 
ever renewed,  and  the  Government  with- 
drew his  employment. 

From  that  period  this  unhappy  man  has 
been  living  on  very  precarious  resources. 
He  continued  for  some  years  to  solicit  a 
reversal  of  his  sentence  at  the  Colonial 
Office  ;  but  the  matter  was  not  permitted 
to  be  re-opened.  He  endeavoured  to  earn 
a  scanty  subsistence  from  his  moderate 
literary  talents,  and  among  some  commu- 
nications he  made  to  this  Magazine  we 
may  mention  a  curious  article  on  the  last 
of  tne  Paleologi  in  Jan.  1843,  and  a  memoir 
of  Major-Gen.  Thomas  Dundas,  and  the 
Expedition  to  Guadaloupe  in  1794,  in 
August,  Sept.  and  Oct.  following.  Lat- 
terly, we  fear,  he  was  reduced  to  all  the 
arts  of  the  professional  mendicant,  and  in 
a  remarkable  letter  to  Mr.  George  Godwin, 
F.R.S.  which  was  read  before  the  Coro- 
ner's inquest  on  his  body,  he  enume- 
rated a  large  number  of  benevolent  per- 
sons, in  various  classes  of  society,  who  had 
contributed  to  his  support.  He  acknow- 
ledges that  he  was  most  nobly  assisted  by 
Mr.  Washington  Irving  and  other  eminent 
literary  characters  in  New  York  (this  was 
in  1849),  and  that  he  had  been  entertained 
for  four  months  last  year  in  Brussels  by 
King  Leopold,  attended  by  his  Majesty's 
physician.  He  had  been  four  times  relieved 
by  the  Literary  Fund, — "but  the  cruel 
Colonial  Office  has  killed  me." 

His  mind  had  for  many  months  evinced 
tokens  of  insanity,  and  he  committed 
suicide  by  drinking  a  bottle  of  prussic  acid 
in  the  coflfee-room  of  the  St.  Albau's  hotel. 


the  repose  of  the  departed.  At  ten  o'clock 
on  Saturday,  the  funeral  ceremonies  com- 
menced. After  mass  had  been  sung  by 
the  Father  Prior,  a  funeral  sermon  was 
preached  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Furlong,  from 
Numbers,  23rd  chapter,  10th  verse,  "  Let 
me  die  the  death  of  the  righteous,  and  let 
my  last  end  be  like  his.*'  Four  of  the 
brethren,  in  their  long  flowing  white 
robes,  being  priests,  bore  the  body  of  the 
deceased  on  their  shoulders  round  the 
cloisters,  without  a  coffin,  the  rest  of  the 
brotherhood  chaunting  "  in  the  exitu 
Israel,"  as  the  procession  moved  slowly 
towards  a  vault  which  had  been  prepared 
in  the  chapter-house.  Here,  amidst  the 
tears,  the  prayers,  and  pious  ejaculations 
of  the  surrounding  throng,  the  body  of 
the  reverend  abbot,  with  all  the  imposing 
ceremonials  peculiar  to  the  church  of 
which  he  was  so  consistent  and  distin- 
guished an  ornament,  was  deposited  in 
its  last  resting-place. 

Mr.  H.  J.  S.  Bradfielu. 

Oct.  11.  At  the  St.  Alban's  hotel, 
Charles- street,  St.  James's-square,  in  his 
48th  year,  Mr.  Henry  Joseph  Steele 
Bradfield. 

This  gentleman  was  bom  on  the  18th  of 
May,  1805,  in  Derby-street,  Westminster, 
where  his  father  was  a  coal  merchant.  In 
his  early  years  he  was  much  attached  to 
poetical  composition,  and  whilst  still  under 
age  he  published  in  1825  **  Waterloo,  or 
the  British  Minstrel,  a  Poem." 

He  was  bred  to  the  art  of  surgery,  and 
on  the  26th  April,  1826,  he  left  England 
in  the  schooner  Unicorn,  in  the  capacity 
of  surgeon  in  the  service  of  Lord  Cochrane 
(now  Earl  of  Dundonald),  on  his  lord- 
ship* s  expedition  to  Greece,  during  which 
he  was  present  in  several  engagements  by 
land  and  sea.  His  name  is  mentioned  with 
approval  in  Cochrane's  "  Wanderings  in 
Greece." 

After  his  return  he  pursued  his  career 
of  poetical  authorship,  and  published  The 
Athenaid,  or  Modern  Grecians,  a  Poem, 
1830;  Tales  of  the  Cyclades,  Poems, 
1830  ;  and  a  volume  of  Poems  in  1832. 

On  the  1st  Sept.  1832,  he  received  from 
the  King  of  the  Belgians  a  commission  as 
Sous- Lieutenant  in  the  Bataillon  Etranger 
of  Belgium,  and  was  appointed  to  the  First 
Regiment  of  Lancers  ;  and  either  before 
or  after  that  date  he  had  a  commission  in 
the  Royal  West  Middlesex  Militia. 

On  the  Slst  Dec.  1835,  he  received  ap- 
pointment to  be  one  of  the  Stipendiary 
Magistnites  in  Tobago ;  from  which  island 
he  was  removed,  at  his  own  solicitation,  on 
account  of  illness,  to  Trinidad,  on  the  I3th 
May,  1836.     He  was  re-appointed  to  the 


Mr.  Thomas  Fairland. 

Oct.  ...  Aged  48,  Mr.  Thomas  Fair- 
land,  engraver,  lithographer,  and  portrait 
painter. 

The  bent  of  his  talent  for  drawing  re- 
vealed itself  at  an  early  age,  and  an  in- 
teresting and  characteristic  example  of  his 
juvenile  ardour  is  furnished  by  the  follow- 
ing anecdote  related  by  himself. 

Having  an  accurate  perception  of  form, 
he  was  deeply  impressed  with  the  feeling 
that  every  species  of  tree  as  well  as  e?ery 
kind  of  animal  had  an  individuality  of 


1853.] 


Obituary* — Johm  Vanderlyn, 


form  which  could  be  traced  from  the 
trunk  throughout  the  Urger  limbs  and  ul- 
timate branches  and  twigs.  To  possess 
himself  of  these  characters  he  would,  when 
a  boy,  proceed  to  Kensington  Gardens  in 
winter,  and  sketch  the  branchings  of  the 
naked  trees :  he  would  afterwards  renew 
his  visits  as  the  seasons  advanced,  until 
nature  and  the  artist  had  alike  clothed 
the  originals  and  the  representations  in 
all  the  luxuriance  of  leafy  honours. 

Mr.  Fairland  was  one  of  the  first  pupils 
of  the  Royal  Academy  under  Fuseli,  and 
gained  the  highest  medal  for  a  drawing 
from  the  Hercules  in  the  entrance-hall. 
He  also  studied  under  the  direction  of  Sir 
M.  A.  Shee.  He  at  first  turned  bis  at- 
tention to  line-engraving,  and  became  a 
pupil  of  the  well-known  Warren.  He 
afterwards  devoted  himself  to  lithographic 
drawing ;  and  in  that  department  he  has 
been  instrumental  in  multiplying  nume- 
rous works  of  the  best  English  artists. 
"The  Recruit;  or,  Who'll  serve  the 
King  ?"  and  "  Left  Leg  Foremost,"  after 
Farrier,  obtained  great  repute.  **  The 
Deserter"  followed.  "The  Poacher's 
Confederate,"  after  Hancock,  was  equally 
successful.  "The  Ratcatcher,"  after  A. 
Cooper,  was  a  great  favourite.  Many  of 
the  works  of  Sir  Edwin  Landseer,  Hunt, 
and  others  were  entrusted  to  him,  and 
owed  not  a  little  of  their  popularity  to 
the  new  form  they  assumed  under  his 
hands.  But  the  inroads  of  the  French 
lithographic  press  compelled  him  to  aban- 
don an  occupation  in  which  he  took  high 
delight,  but  which  was  no  longer  remune- 
rative. He  then  gave  himself  up  to  por- 
traiture, and  in  the  course  of  this  pursuit 
he  has  been  instrumental  in  perpetuating 
the  likenesses  of  many  of  the  most  eminent 
and  illustrious  persons  in  the  kingdom.  He 
enjoyed  the  constant  patronage  and  per- 
sonal regard  of  Her  Majesty.  His  fre- 
2uent  engagements  at  the  palace  had  in- 
eed  of  late  withdrawn  him  very  much 
from  public  observation.  The  last  work 
he  produced  was  a  most  effective  and 
pleasing  portrait  of  Mrs.  Chisholm,  after 
the  painting  by  Mr.  Hayter  in  the  last 
exhibition. 

So  much  labour  and  talent  as  Mr. 
Fairland  exerted  certainly  merited  more 
worldly  success  than,  we  regret  to  learn, 
he  ever  attained.  Although  he  laboured 
incessantly,  he  never  was  able  to  raise  his 
family  above  the  pressure  of  the  passing 
hour.  He  was  universally  beloved  for  his 
amiable  disposition  and  his  gentle  man- 
ners ;  and  he  was  equally  respected  for  a 
singularly  sensitive  and  modest  independ- 
dence  of  character.  He  had  suffered  during 
the  last  year  of  his  life  from  advancing 


103 


phthisis,  which,  although  it  oOentimes 
exhausted  his  strength,  never  overcame 
his  resolute  application  to  his  professional 
duties. — Art  Journal. 


John  Vanderlyn. 

Sept.  23.  At  Kingston,  on  the  Hudson 
River,  in  his  76th  year.  John  Vanderlyn, 
an  eminent  American  painter. 

He  was  born  at  the  same  place  in  the 
first  year  of  American  independence,  and 
received  a  liberal  education  at  the  academy 
in  his  native  town.  In  the  fall  of  1792 
he  accompanied  his  brother  on  a  visit  to 
New  York,  where  he  made  the  acquaint- 
ance of  Mr.  Thomas  Barrow,  a  large  im- 
porter of  *  engravings,  in  whose  store  he 
obtained  employment,  and  remained  there 
for  two  years.  Here  he  first  acquired  a 
taste  for  the  fine  arts,  and  in  leisure  hours 
he  took  lessons  in  drawing.  At  the  same 
time  he  became  acquainted  with  Stuart 
the  portrait-painter,  and  obtained  permis- 
sion to  copy  some  of  his  portraits.  On  a 
second  visit  to  New  York,  he  fell  in  with 
Colonel  Burr,  who  proffered  him  aid  to 
enable  him  to  prosecute  his  studies  in 
Europe,  after  he  had  been  for  a  short  time 
with  Mr.  Stuart.  He  accordingly  passed 
eight  or  nine  months  in  Mr.  Stuart's 
studio,  and  in  1796  embarked  for  France. 
He  returned  home  in  1801,  bringing  some 
few  copies  from  the  first  masters,  and 
some  studies  which  he  had  executed  while 
at  Paris.  In  1802  he  painted  two  views 
of  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  which  were  after- 
wards engraved,  and  in  the  spring  of  the 
following  year  he  paid  a  second  visit  to 
Europe.  He  did  not  return  to  America 
until  1815.  During  this  interval  he  re- 
sided principally  in  London,  Paris,  and 
Rome,  and  he  also  spent  considerable  time 
in  travelling.  It  was  at  Paris,  about  1804, 
that  he  made  his  first  essay  at  historical 
painting,  a  picture  representing  the  death 
of  Miss  M'Crea,  a  commission  from  Joel 
Barlow.  About  1807»  during  his  resi- 
dence at  Rome,  Vanderlyn  painted  his  ce- 
lebrated picture  of  Marius  amid  the  Ruins 
of  Carthage,  which  received  the  Napoleon 
gold  medal  the  following  year,  at  Paris, 
lie  also  produced  during  this  period  some 
admirable  copies,  among  which  were  Cor- 
reggio's  Antiope,  his  celebrated  picture  of 
Ariadne,  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Durand, 
Titian's  Danae,  and  the  female  figure  from 
Raphael's  Transfiguration,  lately  sold  in 
the  collection  of  the  late  Philip  Hone,  esq. 
On  his  return  to  the  United  States,  he 
was  principally  occupied  with  portrait- 
painting;  and  Madison,  Monroe,  Calhoun, 
Jackson,  and  other  eminent  individuals, 
were  among  his  sitters.  Being  desirous 
to  introduce  panoramic  exhibitions   into 


104 


Obituary. 


[Jan. 


the  city  of  New  York,  he  obtained  from 
the  corporation  privilege  to  erect  a  build- 
ing for  that  object  in  the  north-east  corner 
of  the  Park.  Here  he  presented  a  suc- 
cession of  panoramas,  Paris,  Athens,  Ver- 
sailles, &c.  mostly  painted  by  himself,  and 
some  of  his  own  pictures.  In  1829,  at 
the  expiration  of  his  lease,  he  was  de- 
prived of  the  building  by  the  Common 
Council;  and  he  afterwards  visited  the 
South  and  Havanna,  exhibiting  his  pano- 
ramas and  pictures.  In  the  spring  of 
1832  he  received  a  commission  from  Con- 
gress to  paint  a  full-length  portrait  of 
Washington,  for  the  hall  of  the  House  of 
Representatives.  On  its  exhibition  in  the 
capitol,  the  House  of  Representatives  una- 
nimously voted  the  artist  an  additional 
recompense  of  1,500  dollars.  Such  an 
instance  of  legislative  generosity  is  worthy 
of  record.  In  1839  he  left  for  Paris, 
whence  he  returned  in  1847,  bringing  with 
him  his  picture  of  the  I«anding  of  Colum- 
bus, which  he  exhibited  in  New  York, 
previous  to  its  being  placed  in  the  capitol. 
Since  that  time  he  resided  in  New  York 
and  at  Kingston,  being  mostly  engaged  on 
portraits.  A  full-length  of  General  Tay- 
lor, from  his  pencil,  was  exhibited  in  the 
National  Academy  of  Design  last  year. 
His  picture  of  Marius  has  been  engraved 
by  the  American  Art  Union,  and  his  Ari- 
adne by  its  possessor,  Mr.  Durand. — 
(From  an  American  work  of  contempo- 
rary biography,  entitled  "  Men  of  (he 
Time:') 


[It  is  not  our  intention  to  discontinue  our  cus- 
tomary Obituary  notices  of  deceased  Clergymen  ; 
but  the  pressure  of  other  matters  lias  compelled 
U8  to  postpone  them  from  our  last  and  present 
numbcrN.  In  the  Magazine  for  February  tliis  de- 
ficiency will  be  carefully  supplied.] 


DEATHS, 

ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOUICAL  ORDER. 

Oct.  6, 1849.  At  Webb's  County-terrace,  New 
Kent  Koad,  of  cholera,  Edward  Italcigh  Moran, 
esq.  for  18  years  sub- Editor  of  the  Globe  news- 
paper. He  Mas  born  at  Limerick,  July,  1800; 
and  wa.s  the  author  of  "  Early  Thoughts,"  a  poem, 
printed  at  Limerick  about  1818.  "  Countess  of 
Salisbury,"  a  translation  from  Dumas,  3  vols.  8vo. 
1840.  He  married,  27  Mar.  1826,  Mary  Ann  Cooke, 
of  Dunleckney,  who  waa  left  hi.s  widow,  without 
children.  His  library  ha.s  been  dispersed  by 
Messrs.  Puttick  and  Simpson,  in  Piccadilly,  on  the 
19th  and  20th  Nov.  1849,  and  his  collection  of  en- 
gravings on  the  27th.  Among  his  autograph 
MSS.  wa.s  a  drama,  cntitU'«l  "  Constantine  and 
Emily,"  and  several  l>ooks  of  occasional  jxHitry. 

ApHl  I."),  1852.  At  Boyd  Town,  Australia,  An- 
drew Watson,  es<j.  eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late 
Capt.  Watson,  R.N. 

June  10.  At  Christrhurch,  New  Zealand,  Eu.s- 
tace,  third  son  of  Conway  L.  Kose,  eoq. 

/m/»/  ...  At  the  re.sidencc  of  her  son-in-law 
13 


F.  Boshe,  esq.  Woodlands,  Montserat,  W.I.,Mary  • 
Ann,  relict  of  Dr.  West,  Antigua. 

July  1 .  At  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  aged  30, 
David  Barttelot  Barttelot,  esq.  second  son  of 
George  Barttelot,  esq.  of  .Stopham,  Sussex,  for- 
merly of  Corpus  Christi  college,  Oxford. 

July  12.  In  Jermyn-street,  aged  60,  Lieut.-Col. 
Thomas  Pipon,  K.H. 

JtUy  21.  At  Cheverells,  near  Sydney,  New 
South  Wales,  aged  53,  John  William  Gosling,  esq. 

July  28.  At  Melbourne,  Port  PhUip,  Augu.sta, 
wife  of  Augustus  Loinsworth,  esq.  younge-st  dan. 
of  the  late  Thomas  Tilt,  esq.  of  Brighton. 

Aug.  8.  Drowned  accidentally,  off  the  coast  of 
Roderiguez,  on  his  return  to  England,  Maldon- 
Argles,  eldest  surviving  son  of  the  Rev.  Salisbury 
Dunn,  M.A.  of  Maldon. 

Aug.  29.  At  Rotliesay,  Comra.  James  Cooper 
Bennett,  R.N.  He  entered  the  na\'y  hi  1813,  on 
board  the  Adamant  50,  the  flag-ship  of  Rear.-Adra. 
Otway  at  Leith  ;  was  in  the  Endj-mion  48  during 
the  ensuing  American  war,  and  in  its  victorious 
contest  with  the  President  56.  He  afterwards 
served  in  the  Iphigenia  36,  Conway  26,  and  Sy- 
bille  42  ;  was  made  Lieutenant  1821,  and  in  Jan. 
1824  was  awarded  a  i^ension  for  the  lo-ss  of  an  arm. 
He  was  subsequently  in  various  ships,  was  pro- 
rooted  to  Commander  1826,  and  twice  held  the 
post  of  Inspecting  Commander  of  the  Coast  Guard, 
from  1832  to  1835,  and  again  in  1842.  He  mar- 
ried, July  28,  1831,  Jane,  third  dau.  of  the  late 
James  Law,  esq.  of  Ehington,  county  Hadding- 
ton, N.B.  and  by  that  lady,  who  died  in  1836,  had 
tlu*ee  surviving  children. 

Sept.  3.  At  Serampore,  Eleanor-Georgiana, 
wife  of  George  Bright,  esq.  Bengal  C.S. 

Sept.  4.  At  Hawthorn  Park,  Rothesay,  in  his 
82d  year,  Comm.  Archil)ald  Black,  R.N.  He  en- 
tered the  service  on  board  the  Canada  74,  in  1794, 
and,  (^er  very  arduous  duty  as  midshipman  in  va- 
rious ships,  was  made  Lieutenant  in  1807.  In  1810 
he  conunanded  the  boats  of  the  Pelican  19,  in 
capturing  the  enemy's  vessels  in  Campeachy  Bay. 
He  was  placed  on  half-pay  in  1812,  and  accepted 
the  rank  of  retired  Commander  in  1843.  He  mar- 
ried in  1813  Miss  Jane  Currie,  and  had  issue  a 
son  and  three  daughters. 

Sept.  10.  Accidentally  drowned  at  Rangoon, 
Mr.  M'Murdo,  midshipman  of  H.M.S.  the  Fox, 
eldest  son  of  Robert  M'Murdo,  esq.  of  Whittern. 

Sept.  15.  On  his  passage  to  England,  aged  30, 
Harris  Peckover  Thompson,  Lieut.  I5th  Madras 
N.  Inf.  younger  son  of  Mr.  Charles  T.  of  Dalston. 

Sept.  23.  On  board  the  Lady  Macnaughten,  on 
his  pas.sage  f^om  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  aged  30, 
Capt.  Edward  F.  Crowder,  0th  Regiment,  second 
son  of  the  late  Col.  Crowder,  K.H.  of  Brotlierton. 

On  board  H.M.S.  Fox,  at  Rangoon,  of  cholera, 
Frederick,  fourth  son  of  the  Rev.  Evan  Morgan , 
Vicar  of  Llantrisant,  Glam. 

At  St.  Lucia,  W.  I.,  aged  23,  Lieut.  Henry  San- 
deman,  Royal  Eng. 

Oct.  14.  At  Hagara,  Punjaub,  Caroline-Sarah, 
wife  of  Capt.  Francis  Elliott  Voyle,  39th  Regt. 
N.I.  and  Assistant  Commissioner. 

Oct.  16.  At  Southborough,  aged  45,  Lady 
Louisa-Grace  Boyle,  of  Cambridgc-teiT.  Hyde 
Park -gardens;  sister  to  the  Earl  of  Shannon. 

Oct.  19.  In  Heathcote-st.  Mecklcnburgh-sq. 
aged  56,  Jane  A'Court,  widow  of  Robert  Willis, 
esq.  of  CaroUne-pl. 

Oct.  26.  At  Bone,  Africa,  aged  34,  Madalena- 
Augusta,  Vicomtesse  de  Belle-Isle,  third  dau.  of 
the  late  Richard  Orlebar,  esq.  of  Himnnck-house, 
Beds.  She  was  married  at  Paris  in  1839  to  the 
Vicomte  de  Belle-Isle,  a  captain  of  dragoons  in  the 
French  army. 

Oct.  26.  *At  Nice.  Louisa-Selena,  second  dau- 
of  the  late  Sir  Culling  Smith,  Bart,  of  Bed  well 
Park,  Herts. 

At  Mount  Uniacke,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  aged 
68,  Crofton  Uniacke,  esq.  second  son  of  the  late 
Hon.  Richard  John  Uniacke. 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


105 


f/«.  31.  A;red  2S.  Adelaide-Gertrude,  dau.  of 
the  late  Frederick  Gan»hain  Canniduel,  esq.  of 
Twickenham. 

At  Petersfield,  Hants,  aged  o9,  Susan-Marv, 
relict  of  Robert  Cross,  Lient.  R.N. 

-Vor.  2.  At  Encombe  House,  near  Sandgate,  in 
his  88th  year,  Henry  Dawkin:»,  esq.  formerly  for 
many  years  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Woods 
and  Forests.     Ue  enjoyed  a  pension  of  800/. 

yov.  4.  At  Ellingham  Vicarage,  Northumber- 
land, aged  79,  Susannah,  and  (on  the  same  day), 
aged  74,  Sarah,  sisters  of  the  Rev.  CliarlesPerigal, 
Vicar  of  that  place,  and  nieces  of  the  late  Arch- 
deacon Bouyer. 

At  Horfield,  near  Bristol,  aged  06,  Major  Wilkie, 
barrack -master,  late  of  the  9*2d  Highlanders.  He 
served  with  that  regiment  in  Egypt,  where  he  was 
wounded  in  the  action  of  the  I3th  March  1801, 
and  received  the  gold  medal  from  the  Grand 
Seignior.  He  also  served  in  the  Peninsula,  France, 
and  Flanders,  was  severely  wounded  at  Waterloo, 
and  received  the  War  medal  with  seven  clasps. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law  Mr.  C.  Whit- 
ting,  Uphill,  near  Weston-super-Mare,  Anne,  wife 
of  E.  M.  Williams,  esq.  of  Garth  Hall,  Llantri- 
scnt,co.  Glamorgan. 

Xor.  5.  Aged  5,  Frederick  Carus,  youngest  son 
of  the  late  H.  J.  Adeane,  esq.  Babraham,  Cimib. 

A'uv.  7.  At  Kenilworth,  aged  73,  ilargaret,  relict 
of  the  Rev.  Richard  LiUington,  Vicar  of  Uampton- 
in-Arden. 

^ov.  8.  At  Heathfield  Hall.  Handsworth,  Staff. 
Agnes,  widow  of  James  Gibson,  esq  .M.D.  of  13th 
Light  Dragoons. 

At  Hythe,  near  Southampton,  Eliza,  wife  of 
Major-Gen.  T.  A.  Parke,  C.B. 

In  Jersey,  aged  16,  Isabella,  younger  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  Alexander  Stewart,  Rector  of  Bur- 
ford  (third  pqrtion),  Shropshire. 

A^ov.  9.  At  Cambridge,  at  an  advanced  age, 
3Ir.  Thomas  Chisholm,  father  of  Mr.  H.  E.  Chis- 
holm,  one  of  the  councillors  of  that  borough. 

At  Ooydon,  aged  71,  Thomas  Young,  esq.  so- 
licitor, Mark-lane,  and  one  of  the  Common  (3oun- 
cil  of  the  City  of  London,  brother-in-law  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Chisholm,  and  uucle  to  Mr.  H.  E.  Chis- 
holm, of  Cambridge. 

At  Mile  End,  Portsea.aged  56,  Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Lieut.  James  Crutchlcy,  R.N. 

At  Bicester,  John  George,  esq. 

Nov.  10.  At  the  parsonage,  Little  Bridy,  Dorset, 
aged  79,  Sophia-Susanna,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Sa- 
muel Abraham,  of  North  Curry,  Som. 

At  Mcdsted,  Hants,  aged  77,  Margaret-Christina, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  Sanmcl  Auchmuty,  of  Bally- 
mulvey,  co.  of  Longford. 

In  St.  Gfcorge's-pl.  Hyde  Ptu-k,  aged  52,  James, 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Bold,  A.M.  of  Li- 
verpool. 

In  Dublin,  Ellen,  wife  of  John  Stratford  Col- 
hns,  esq.  jun.  barrister-at-law,  only  surviving  dau. 
of  John  Lloyd,  esq.  of  Lloydsborough,  co.  Tipper. 

A'oc.  1 1.  At  sea,  on  board  the  R.M.S.P.  La  Plata, 
Opt.  Wm.  Allan,  Commander  of  that  ship. 

At  Dartmouth,  aged  51,  John  H.  F.  Bennett,  esq. 

At  New-cross,  Hatcham,  Charles  Clifford  Con- 
sltt,  esq.  late  Commander  of  the  Devonshire  East 
Indiaman. 

Aged  86,  Thomas  Forrest,  es^i.  of  South  Shields, 
and  of  Marsdcn  Cottage,  co.  Durham. 

At  the  Crewe  Railway  Station,  on  his  way  to 
Ventnor,  aged  22,  Edward- William,  eldest  son  of 
the  Rev.  Edward  M.  Hamilton,  of  Browne  Hall, 
CO.  Donegal. 

At  Letherhcad,  Surrey,  aged  57,  D.  F.  Haynes, 
esq.  late  of  Lonesome  and  Ashstcad. 

At  Tamworth,aged  66,  Shirley  Palmer,  eaq.  M.D. 

Xov.  12.  At  Wellingborough,  aged  80,  Pene- 
lope-Cliaster,  relict  of  Adam  Corrie,  esq.  of  Wel- 
lingborough. 

At  Tour^,  France,  Harriot-Mary,  wife  of  Edward 
Fuller,  esq.  of  Carleton  Hall,  Suffolk. 

At  Reading,  aged  68,  Thomas  Uoggard,  esq. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


At  Lee,  Kent,  aged  62,  Mary- Ann,  wife  of  W 
H.  Knowlden,  es^q.  of  Greenwich  Hospital. 

At  Oystermouth,  John  William  L«ach,  esq.  of 
Swansea,  third  son  of  the  late  Hugh  Leach,  esq.  of 
Bristol. 

At  Brighton,  aged  77,  Nancy-Llojrl,  relict  of 
Osbom  Tjiden,  esq.  of  Torre-hill,  Kent,  who  died 
in  1827. 

.Vor.  13.  Age*l  20,  Miss  Eliza  Beiolcy,  niece  of 
Joseph  Beioley,  esq.  of  Stanhop«sst.  Park-pl. 

At  Rockingham,  near  Boyle,  co.  Roscommon, 
the  seat  of  Viscount  Lorton,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the 
late  Richard  QrifHth,  esq.  of  Millicent.  co.  Kil- 
dare,  and  sister  of  Richard  Griffith,  esq.  Chairman 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  Dublin. 

Aged  70,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  James  Knight,  e^. 
of  Much  Hiulham. 

In  Albert-road,  Regent's  Park,  Miss  Elizabeth 
Noton,  of  Chichester,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Benj.  Noton,  esq.  of  Hadley,  Middlesex. 

At  Knowle  Green,  Staines,  aged  78.  James  Wil- 
liam Pearce,  esq.  formerly  of  Piccadilly. 

At  his  brother's  housed  Sussex-sq.  Hytle  Park, 
aged  46,  David  Sandeman,  es<i.  of  Kirkwood, 
Dumfriesshire. 

Aged  26,  Elizabeth -Mortlock,  wife  of  Henry 
Smith,  surgeon,  of  Upper  Seymour-st.  and  second 
dau.  of  John  Sturges,  of  Connaught-sq. 

At  Busli  House,  near  Edinburgh,  John  Trotter, 
esq.  of  the  Bush,  and  Castle-law,  formerly  of  the 
Bengal  Civil  Service. 

Aged  66,  Elizabeth,  ^ife  of  the  Rev.  J.  0.  Zill- 
wood,  Rector  of  Corapton,  Hants. 

Ifov.  14.  At  Sherborne,  aged  57,  Frances,  wife 
of  Wm.  Naish  Allford,  esq. 

At  his  brother-in-law's,  Dcptford,  John  Day, 
esq.  late  of  New  York  and  Liverpool,  son  of  the 
late  William  Day,  Post  Capt.  R.N.  and  Governor 
of  Sierra  Leone. 

In  Crescent-place,  Burton-cresc.  aged  40,  John 
Bond  Dixon,  esq. 

At  Strood,  aged  55,  Rebecca,  wife  of  Edward 
Edwards,  esq. 

Suddenly,  aged  39,  JYederick-Wyndham,  eldest 
son  of  RichanT  Parrott  Hulmc,  esq.  of  Maisonette 
House,  Devon. 

At  Sevenoaks,  aged  83,  Mary,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Morland,  esq.  Court  Lodge,  Lamber- 
hurst. 

At  Salisbury,  aged  70,  William  Moody  Moyle, 
e.sq.  late  of  Woodcote  House,  Dorset. 

Aged  61,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Seth  Smith,  esq.  of 
Eaton-sq. 

At  Portsmouth,  Sarah- Ann,  wife  of  George 
Victor,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  Eliza,  wife  of  John  Pollard  Wil- 
loughby,  esq.  late  of  Bombay,  and  dau.  of  the  late 
Gen.  M.  Kennedy,  C.B.  of  the  Bombay  army. 

JVov.  15.  Aged  19,  Caroline-Sarah,  fourth  dan. 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Barber,  of  Vauxhall. 

Aged  81,  Mrs.  Sarah  Broad,  an  old  and  re- 
spected inhabitant  of  Cheltenham,  and  relict  of 
Mr.  John  Broad,  surveyor. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  18,  Mary  Teresa  Fitz- 
Herbert,  only  dau.  of  Francis,  youngest  brother  of 
Thomas  Fitz-Herbert,  esq.  of  Swynnerton  Park. 

At  Downend,  aged  54,  Elizabeth-Sarah,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Haynes,  esq.  of  Wick 
Court,  Gloucestershire. 

At  Great  Malvern,  aged  68,  EUcn,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  Robert  Lowe,  Rector  of  Bingham,  Notts,  and 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Reginald  Pyndar. 

Nov.  16.  At  Poplar,  agc<l  57,  George  Baillie, 
esq.  surgeon. 

In  £uston-sq.  Sarali-Maria  Crosswell. 

At  (joudhurst,  aged  79,  Mr.  Joseph  Doust.  The 
deceased  was  the  father  of  21  sons  and  daughters, 
and  had  62  grand-children,  and  35  great  grand- 
children, nearly  the  whole  of  whom  are  members 
of,  or  belong  to  the  Wesleyan  connection,  and 
several  are  preachers. 

At  nui  Cottage,  Bamet,  Mary,  wife  of  John  T, 
Forater,  esq. 

P 


106 


Obituary. 


[Jan. 


At  Leamington,  agod  79,  Maria,  relict  of  Court 
Granville,  e»q.  of  Calwich  Abbey,  co.  Stafford. 
Slic  was  the  4th  dau.  of  Edw.  Ferrers,  esq.  of 
Baddesley  Clinton,  by  Hester,  dau.  of  Christ. 
Bird,  esq. ;  was  married  in  1803  to  Court  D'Ewes, 
esq.  who  afterwards  took  the  name  of  Granville, 
and  was  left  his  Midow  in  1848,  having  had  i8sa§ 
a  numerous  family. 

At  New  Ground,  Guernsey,  aged  til.  Major 
James  Johnston  (late  44th  Foot). 

At  Jersey,  aged  68,  Mary- Ann,  relict  of  P.  L. 
O'Reilly,  esq.  Purser  R.N. 

A;;c(l  60,  Elizabeth,  vdfe  of  Richard  Wain,  esq. 
of  Manchester-st,  Manchester-sq. 

A'op.  17.  In  the  UampstCad-road,  aged  74,  Wm. 
Billinics,  esq.  surgeon,  late  of  the  Royal  Navy  and 
Royal  Marines. 

At  Brighton,  aged  48,  Elizabeth  Casterton,  of 
Chelsea,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  James  Casterton, 
esq.  member  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

Aged  28,  William  Vavasour  Carter,  esq.  of 
Weeton  Hall,  near  Otlcy. 

In  Uanover-terr.  Kensington  Park,  Jano,  relict 
of  Michael  Cass,  esq,  late  of  Gerrard-st.  Soho, 

At  Leamington,  uged  ."iO,  Christopher  Paxton 
Cay,  esq.  late  of  Harrogate. 

At  Teignmoutli,  Devon,  aged  84,  Richard  Uera- 
ming,  esq.  of  Hillingdon,  Middlesex. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Abel  Jearrad,  esq.  of  Withy- 
combe  Raleigh,  Devon,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Henry 
Hume  Spence,  esq.  Capt.  R.N. 

At  Cheltcnlum,  Elizabeth-Mary,  second  dau.  of 
Robert  Lawson,  esq.  late  of  Tiverton. 

At  (Jeneva,  aged  22,  Edward,  second  son  of  the 
late  Henry  Patry,  esq. 

At  Woodlands,  near  Ryde,  I.  W.  aged  76,  John 
Percival,  es(j[.  lute  of  Northampton. 

At  Greenstreet,  near  Sittingboume,  aged  36, 
Henry  Snowden,  cs(i.  surgeon,  late  of  Hull. 

^ov.  18.  At  Good  worth  Clatford,  ne^ir  Andover, 
aged  60,  Geo.  Clarke,  cskj.  formerly  paymaster  R.N. 
At  Farnham,  aged  7h,  William  Crump,  esq. 
At  Shirley  Park,  Surrey,  after  a  short  illnoiis. 
the  Right  Hon.  Louisa  Countess  of  Kldon.    Slie 
was  the  thurd  dau.  of  Charles  1st  Lord  Feversham, 
by  Lady  Charlotte  Leggc,  only  dau.  of  William 
uecond  Earl  of  Dartmouth.    She  was  married  in 
1831,  and  has  left  issue  one  sou  and  six  daughters. 
At  Dover,  Thomas  Farrell,  e.s(i,  of  Dublin. 
At  the  residence  of  her  son,  Portland-sq.  aged  60, 
Joyse,  relict  of  Amos  Greenslado,  esq. 

At  Teignmouth,  Martha,  relict  of  John  Hatherly, 
esq.  of  J^shwick,  Devon. 

At  Barnard  Castle,  Durham,  Lady  Hullock, 
widow  of  Sir  John  Hullock,  Baron  of  the  Exche- 
quer, who  died  in  1829.  (See  a  Memoir  of  him  in 
our  Magazine  for  that  year,  Part  ii.  p.  275.) 

At  Everdon,  aged  60,  Mary,  wife  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Mountfort,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Isaac  Knott, 
Vicar  of  Timberscombe,  Somersetshire. 

Aged  64,  Isaac  Smith,  esq.  of  Albion  Villas,  Hol- 
loway,  and  Louth,  Lincolnshire. 

At  Plymouth,  at  an  advanced  age,  Joseph  Soper, 
esq.  an  extensive  merchant  and  shipowner. 

At  Wrexham,  Emma,  third  dan.  of  the  bite  Jas. 
Topping,  esq.  M.P.  of  WhatcroftHall,Chesh.  K.C. 
Jfov.  19.    At  St.  Lconard's-on-Sea,  by  an  acci- 
dent, aged  38,  Mr.  Tliomas  Farncombe  Edgington, 
of  Bi.shopsgate-st. 

At  Brighton,  aged  79,  James  Fermor,  esq.  son  of 
William  Fermor,  esq.  late  of  Tusmore,  Oxfordsh. 
At  Poulshot,  Wilts,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
William  Fisher,  Canon  of  Salisbury,  and  Rector  of 
Poulshot. 

At  Brighton,  aged  4 1 ,  Henry,  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Jame^i  Higgs,  es<i. 

Charles  Hook,  late  of  Conduit-st.  and  Highgate. 
solicitor. 

At  Camden  Town,  aged  52,  Mr.  John  Miller,  for 
many  years  ekrk  in  the  Record  and  Writ  Office. 

At  Cheltenham,  Helen,  widow  of  Henry  Bacho 
Thomhill,  esq.  of  Stanton,  Derbyshire. 

At  Stepney,  agctl  59,  Mr.  William  Vorc.  CJE. 
formerly  of  Stratford. 


At  Clifton,  a£^ed  22,  Percy  Spottiawoode  Evans 
Walmisley,  esq.  youngest  son  of  the  late  Edward 
George  Walmisley,  esq.  Clerk  of  the  Journals  of 
the  House  of  Lords. 

At  Clifton,  aged  72,  Cann  de  Winton,  esq.  a 
maglatrate  and  deputy-lieut.  for  the  counties  of 
Glfimiorgan  and  Somerset.  He  was  the  son  and  heir 
of  the  Rev.  George  Wilkins,  Rector  of  St.  Michael, 
Bristol,  by  liis  third  wife  Anne,  dau.  of  John 
Thompson,  esq.  of  Waterford.  Together  with  the 
rest  of  his  family  he  altered  his  name  to  De  Win- 
ton  by  royal  sign-manual  in  1839.  He  married 
Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas  Evans,  esq.  of  Berthlyd,  co. 
Glamorgan,  widow  of  Wm.  Williams,  esq.  of  Pwll- 
y-pant,  and  had  issue  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 

A'w.  20.  At  Montrose,  Mrs.  Balfour,  relict  of 
Capt.  Balfour,  sister  of  Joseph  Hume,  esq.  M.P. 

At  Semington,  Haniet,  wife  of  G.  F.  Bruges,  esq. 

In  the  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  40,  Charles  WiUiam 
Henry  Cathcart. 

At  Kerswall,  Broadclyst,  near  Exeter,  Frances, 
wife  of  Capt.  Chichester. 

At  Brighton,  Mary,  relict  of  Peter  Cloves,  esq. 
of  the  Rookery,  Woodford,  Essex.  Mrs.  Cloves 
was  a  passenger  on  the  Brighton  Railway,  Nov.  1, 
when  a  collision  took  place  at  Redhill,  by  which 
she  had  her  leg  broken,  and  from  which  she  never 
recovered. 

The  wife  of  Edwin  Corbett,  esq.  of  TUstonc 
Lodge,  Cheshire. 

At  Wharncliffe-terr.  St.  John's  Wood-road,  aged 
67,  Mrs.  Ann  Elizabeth  Oubbins,  late  of  South- 
ampton. 

At  Exeter,  aged  71,  Hannah,  relict  of  Thomas 
Hayne,  e.sq. 

At  Lickhill  House,  Calne,  Abraham  Henly,esq. 
father  of  the  Mayor  of  Calne,  and  alderman  of 
that  borough,  having  survived  his  wife  only  eleven 
days. 

At  Bath,  Elizabeth-Jemima,  widow  of  Col.  G. 
Holmes,  C.B.  3rd  Dragoon  Guards,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  Sir  Egcrton  Brydges,  Bart.  She  was 
married  in  1817. 

Aged  29,  James,  fourth  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
In  man,  Rector  of  Tod  wick. 

At  St.  Margaret's,  Rochester,  aged  h3,  John 
Jenner,  esq. 

In  Blackfriars-road,  aged  IG  months,  Zillah ;  and 
on  the  23rd,  age«l  3,  tlorencc-Gorvyll,  only  daus. 
of  F.  C.  Jones,  cmj.  M.D. 

At  Edinburgh,  Mrs.  Charlotte  Maule,  relict  of 
Capt.  A.  R.  Kerr,  R.N.,  C.B. 

At  Camberwell,  aged  77,  Thomas  Key,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  22,  Monsieur  Henri  de  Paris. 

At  Brunswick  House,  Southampton,  aged  81, 
Mrs.  Frances  Keble  Perreau. 

At  Tenby,  Mary- Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  tlio  late 
M^jor  John  Gordon  Rorlson,  H.E.I.C.S.  and  grand- 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.Edw.Hughes,  Rector  of  Tenby. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  5,  Letitia-Isabella ;  and  on 
the  23rd,  aged  9,  Mjirgaret,  daus.  of  Lieut.-Colonel 
Rutherford,  Bengal  army. 

At  Gatton  Tower,  near  Reigato,  Margaret,  wife 
of  tlie  Rev.  James  Cecil  Wynter,  Rector  of  Gatton, 
and  eldest  dau.  of  George,  Lyall,  esri. 

N&p.2\.  In  Hans-pl.  Chelsea,  aged  83,  Jane- 
Ann,  widow  of  Capt.  James  Anderson,  R.N. 

At  Nice,  aged  38,  Amelia,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late 
Capt.  Pliilip  Barlow,  22nd  Regt. 

Aged  68,  At  Portaea,  at  the  house  of  Mr.  PhUUps , 
chemist.  Captain  George  Beazley,  sen.  for  many 
years  commander  in  the  Portsmouth  and  Ryde 
Steam  Packet  Company,  and  proprietor  and  occu- 
pier of  the  Eagle  Hotel,  opposite  the  pier. 

At  Barnstaple,  aged  79,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  the 
Rev.  A.  Bcevor,  Rector  of  Bcrgh-Apton,  Norfolk, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  James  Blatch,  esq.  of  Col- 
chester. 

At  Burton  Constable,  aged  31,  Lewis-Arthur 
Clifford,  son  of  the  late  Arthur  Clifford,  esq.  and 
couahi  of  Sir  Clifford  Constable,  Bart. 

At  Morton-upon-Swale,  aged  74,  Mrs.MaryEden. 

At  Camberwell,  aged  79,  £]izabeth-Mary,  relict 
of  James  l-Yaaer,  esq. 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


107 


In  Queen  Anne-Rt.  aged  50,  Ricliard  Groom, 
esfj. 

In  Gowcr-st.  aged  61,  Eden  Ilanvood,  esq.  late 
of  the  Sun  Fire  Office. 

At  the  residence  of  D.  Knight,  esq.  St.  Ilelier's, 
Jersey,  aged  30,  Peter  Knight,  esq.  formerly  stu- 
dent of  St.  Tliomas's  IFospital,  ehlest  son  of  the  late 
R.  D.  Knight,  es«i.  Hurgeon,  Bengal  Estab. 

Thomas  Moore,  esq.  of  Ruddington,  Notts. 

At  Gosport,  aged  28,  Lieut.  Francis  Rooke,  R.N. 
He  was  the  fourth  son  of  Capt.  F.  W.  Rooke,  R.N. 
of  Lackham  Hall,  Wilta.  He  entered  the  Royal 
Naval  CJoUege  in  July  1836,  and  in  May  1837  em- 
barked as  a  volunteer  on  board  the  Talavera  74, 
as  a  midshipman  of  the  Pylades  78,  Wellcsley  72, 
and  Blenheim  72,  he  took  an  active  part  in  the 
Chinese  campaign,  and  for  his  gallantry  obtained 
two  special  certificates.  He  was  made  Lieut.  1846, 
and  was  afterwards  appointed  to  the  Devastation , 
Oorgon,  and  Avenger  steam-ships,  in  the  last  of 
which  he  was  wrecked  on  the  Sorella  rocks,  Dec. 
20,  1847,  and  was  the  only  officer  saved.  In  1848 
he  was  appointed  to  the  Blenheim  steam  guardship 
at  Portsmouth. 

In  Dublin,  Louisa,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Story,  of  Bingflcld,  co.  Cavan. 

Nov.  22.  At  Reading,  aged  36,  Louisa,  willow  of 
James  Boor,  esq.  solicitor,  Warminster. 

At  Winchmore  Hill,  aged  83,  Joseph  Booth,  esq. 

Aged  65,  Herman  Braden,  esq.  of  Denmark-st. 
St.  George's  East,  and  Leyton,  Essex. 

At  Arundel,  aged  79,  Mr.  Robert  Emery,  the 
well-known  angler. 

At  Woodlands,  Rhayader,  Thomas  Evans,  esq. 

In  Acacia-road,  St.  John's-wood,  Mary-Anna, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  William  Easing,  of  Rushmere. 
Suffolk,  only  surv.  sister  of  Mrs.  Edward  Futvoyc. 

Mrs.  B.  Hensman,  of  Lower  Caltliori>c-st. 

At  Ea.st  Barnet,  Herts,  aged  21,  Mathilda, 
youngest  dau.  of  Adolphus  Lindgren,  esq. 

At  Edinburgh,  Jessie-Eaton,  relict  of  Willam 
Shedden,  esq.  Madras  Medical  Service. 

In  Portland-ter.  St.  John's  Wood,  aged  61,  Wil- 
liam Webster,  esq.  late  Paymaster  of  the  76th,  and 
for  many  years  of  the  1st  West  India  Regiment. 

Nov.  23.  At  Brighton,  aged  74,  John  Bonhote, 
esq.  of  Upper  Southwick-st.  Hyde  Park. 

At  his  uncle's,  Charles  Malpas.esq.  Ilarrow-on- 
the-hill,  aged  16,  Clarence,  eldest  son  of  C.  H. 
Cary,  esq.  of  Castletown,  Isle  of  Man. 

At  Perry  Vale,  Sydenham,  aged  52,  Augustus 
F.  B.  Creuze,  esq.  F.R.S.  principal  siu-veyor  to 
"  Lloyd's  Register. "  He  was  a  native  of  Ports- 
mouth, a  student  of  the  School  of  Naval  Archi- 
tecture, and  formerly  one  of  the  foremen  of  Ports- 
mouth dockyard.  He  wrote  the  article  on  naval 
architecture  in  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica. 

At  Jevington,  aged  69,  Mary,  wife  of  J.  T.  Fil- 
der,  esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  83,  Susanna,  widow  of  Major 
Ricliard  Gomonde,  H.E.I.C.S. 

At  Brighton,  aged  65,  George  Howell,  esq. 

AtCheltenham,  Miss  Edith  Pearce  Morris,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Morris,  e^.  M.P.  of  Barn- 
wood  Court,  Glouc. 

At  Newton  Tony  Rectory,  aged  24,  Hugh,  only 
son  of  the  Rev.  Hugh  Price. 

At  Westport  House,  co.  Mayo,  in  her  28th  year, 
the  Most  Hon.  Louisa  Ellen  Frances  Augusta 
Marchioness  of  Sllgo.  She  was  the  younger  dau. 
of  Lord  Viscount  Strangford,  by  Ellen,  youngest 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Burke.  Bart,  and  was 
born  at  Constantinople,  during  her  father's  em- 
bassy  there.  She  was  married  in  1847  to  George- 
John  third  Marquess  of  Sligo,  bywhom  she  has  left 
an  only  daughter. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son,  at  Bentley,  Hants, 
aged  79,  Ann,  relict  of  Charles  Webb,  ewi.  late  of 
Park-hill-housc,  Claphani. 

Nor.  24.  Hannah,  wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  Kemp 
Bailey,  M.A.  incumbent  of  St.  Paul's,  Hull. 

At  Easingwold,  aged  100,  Mr.  John  Banks.  He 
was  l)om  Sept.  1,  1752,  at  11.30  p.m.  a  period 
marked  by  the  change  of  style,  which  conducted 


hbn,  as  ho  used  to  tell  his  neighbours,  eleven  days 
onward  in  his  journey,  half  an  hour  after  his  birth. 

At  Danasbury,  near  Welwyn,  Herts,  aged  78, 
William  Blake,  esq.  of  Portland-]dace. 

At  Stoke  Newington  Green,  aged  72,  Mr.  Thomas 
Chubb. 

At  Clifton,  aged  8h,  Elizal>cth-Rand,  relict  of 
Thomas  Tlieophilus  Cock,  esq  of  Mes.sJng,  Essex. 

At  Dalston,  aged  H:i,  Ezekiel  Delight,  esq. 

Aged  67,  Maria,  relict  of  L.  II.  Doyle,  formerly 
Lieut,  of  the  city  of  Dublin  Militia,  and  only  sur- 
viving dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Solomon  BcviU,  of 
Hastings. 

In  Hyde  Park-st.  Mrs.  E.  S.  Ellis,  widow,  fourth 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Locke,  esq.  of  Walthamstow. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  73,  Mr.  Fade  Heatly,  late 
Major  in  H.M.  6Ist  Regt. 

At  the  residence  of  her  brother,  Mr.  John  Lam- 
bert, at  Milford,  near  Salislniry,  aged  54,  Dorothy- 
Winefrid,  2nd  dau.  of  the  late  Daniel  Lambert,  esq. 

At  Bristol,  James  Pearce,  esq.  surgeon,  formerly 
of  Bradford,  Wilts. 

At  Birmingham,  aged  52,  John  Purafrey,  esq. 
late  of  Droitwich. 

At  Eastbourne,  Sussex,  at  an  advanced  age, 
Henrietta- Frances,  relict  of  Col.  Rawdon,  and  dau. 
of  the  late  Richard  Dawson,  esfj.  of  Ardee,  Louth, 

At  Wokingham,  Berks,  aged  81,  Catherine-Burd, 
widow  of  Mr.  James  Wheeler. 

Nov.  25.  In  Sloane- street,  aged  67,  William 
Anderson,  esq.  of  the  War  Office. 

At  Handsworth,  Sarah-Elizabeth- Ann,  eldest 
dau.  of  Mrs.  Bownas,  and  grand-dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  C.  Roberts,  Vicar  of  Edstone  and  Bugthorpe. 

Miss  Clara  Brown,  dau.  of  J.  C.  Brown,  esq.  ol 
Holsworthy. 

At  Southsea,  aged  33,  Mary- Anne,  wife  of  Capt. 
Henry  Byng,  R.N.  She  was  the  only  child  of  the 
late  Wm.  Webb,  esq.  of  the  Views,  Essex,  was 
married  in  1839,  and  had  a  numerous  family. 

At  Barnstaple,  aged  37,  Capt.  Colvin  Corsar,  lato 
of  the  Bengal  Est. 

At  Gonvillc  House,  Cambridge,  aged  73,  Wil- 
liam Crowe,  esq. 

At  Portsea,  agetl  60,  William  Jones,  esq.  a  ma- 
gistrate and  alderman  of  Portsmouth. 

At  Clifton,  Margaret-Frances,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
W.  Knight,  Rector  of  St.  Michael's,  Bristol. 

At  Wimborne,  Dorset,  aged  69,  Sarah,  relict  of 
Richard  Oakley,  esq. 

Aged  56,  Anne,  wife  of  John  Sparkes,  esq.  of 
Wood  Hill,  Wonersh,  Surrey. 

At  Brompton-crcsoent,  George  Stow,  esq.  Su- 
perintendent of  Mail  Department,  Gen.  Post  Office. 

Ann,  \\ife  of  Edward  Tilbury,  esq.  of  Brighton, 
and  High-street,  Marylebone. 

At  Tockington,  co.  Glouc.  aged  57,  Wra.  Danvera 
Ward,  e^. 

Aged  71,  Mr.  Wm.  Wreford,  of  Clannaborough, 
near  Credlton,  a  gentleman  of  large  property.  He 
was  found  drowned  in  the  canal  at  Exeter,  imder 
suspicious  circumstances. 

Nov.  26.  At  Manningtrce,  aged  69,  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  D.  C.  Alston,  esq. 

In  London,  aged  62,  B.  D.  Coe,  esq.  late  of  Buf- 
falo, New  York. 

At  Bromley,  Middx.  aged  72,  .^Eneas  Coffey,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  'aged  76,  Miss  Mary  Field,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  hite  John  Field,  es(i.  of  Hitchin,  Herts. 

At  Deptford,  Mr.  E.  C.  Harrison,  surveyor,  of 
East  India  Chambers,  Leadenhall-st. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  70,  Louisa,  relict  of  Tho- 
mas Henney,esq. 

In  Sydney-pl.  Clapham-road,  aged  73,  Mary, 
relict  of  William  Henry  Huffam,  esq.  late  of  Rat- 
cliffe,  Middlesex. 

At  Newcastle,  Ann,  wife  of  Sanderson  Ilderton, 
esq.  of  Ilderton,  Northumb. 

At  St.  John's  Priory,  Banbury,  aged  52,  Emily, 
wife  of  Mr.  (Jeorge  Walter  Jame.s,  surgeon. 

Aged  27,. Jessie,  wife  of  S.  Moseley,  esq.  of  Hull, 
and  (hiu.  of  the  late  Dr.  Walkinshaw,  of  Trinidad. 
Her  botly  was  interred  in  the  St.  Alban's  burial- 
ground,  Brompton,  Middlesex. 


108 


Obituary. 


[Jan. 


At  Fordingbridge,  Humphrey  Pinhorn,  esq. 
surgeon. 

Aged  56,  George  Ricli,  esq.  of  Bankside,  and  of 
Lower  Tooting,  Surrey. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  23,  Ellen,  dau.  of  Tliomas 
UnderhlU,  esq.  surgeon.  • 

Nov.  27.  At  her  daughter's  residence,  Cleve- 
land-pl.  Bath,  aged  82,  Sarah,  reUct  of  W.  Betty, 
esq.  Medical  Staff,  H.E.I.C.S. 

At  Clapton,  aged  75,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  John 
Dibble  Bowman,  esq. 

At  Russell's-town  Park,  co.  of  Carlow,  Harriet- 
Isabella- Ann,  wife  of  Wm.  Duckett,  esq.  and  dau. 
of  Col.  Charles  E.  Gordon,  R.  Art. 

In  Westboume-pl.  Eaton-sq.  aged  40,  Char- 
lotte-Frances, wife  of  John  Downie,  esq.  foi-merly 
First  Puisne 'Judge  of  Britisli  Guiana. 

At  Kentish  Town,  aged  66,  Rosalia,  wife  of 
Giacomo  Minasi. 

At  Dursley,  Glouc.  aged  77,  Mrs.  Mary  Moore. 

At  Croydon,  aged  82,  Samuel  Selmes,  esq.  for- 
merly of  Beckley,  Sussex. 

Nov.  28.    In  Cadogan-pl.  Mrs.  Sarah  Ball. 

Aged  30,  at  Bridstow,  Herefordshire,  Walter 
Ballinger,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  22,  Mary,  dau.  of  George 
Boyd,  esq. 

Aged  22,  William-Henry,  eldest  son  of  Henry 
Kebbel,  esq.  of  Allhallows  Wharf,  Upper  Thames- 
8t.  and  Lee-terrace,  Blackheath. ' 

At  the  Parsonage,  Meeth,co.  Devon,  Lucy-Maria, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Everard  Lempriere,  and  dau.  of 
the  late  J.  D.  Foulkes,  esq. 

At  St.  Catherine's-cottage,  near  Guildford,  aged 
37,  George  Paine,  esq. 

In  Dorset-pl.  North,  Kennington,  Surrey,  aged 
»9,  Miss  Parker,  only  dau.  of  the  late  John  Parker, 
esq.  many  years  a  resident  of  Clapham,  Surrey. 

At  Surbiton,  Surrey,  Rebecca-Maria,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Richard  PenncU,  M.A.  and  duu.  of  tlie  late 
Charles  Bowles,  e«q.  of  Ea.st  Sheen. 

At  the  Vicarage  House,  Ottcry,  near  Bridgwater, 
the  residence  of  her  son-in-law  the  Rev.  Dr.  Ship- 
ton,  aged  82,  Mary,  relict  of  Samuel  Simmons,  esq. 

At  Hastings,  Mary,  wife  of  Edward  Thompson, 
eaq.  of  Barnsbury-terr.  Islington. 

At  Cambridge,  aged  19,  Mary-Augusta,  only  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  Matthew  Vicars,  Rector  of  Godman- 
Btone,  Dorset. 

Nov.  29.  At  Ross,  Herefordshire,  Lydia,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Riolmrd  Evans,  esq.  M.D.  and  wife 
of  Mr.  Seijeant  Allen,  of  the  Elms,  Crawley,  and 
of  Bessborough-gardens,  Belgrave-road. 

At  Brompton,  Harriet,  widow  of  Francis  Edis- 
bury  Davies,  esq.  of  the  War  Office. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son,  Leicester,  aged  68, 
Mrs.  Siirah  Fascutt,  only  sister  to  Isaac  Lovell, 
esq.  of  Paulerspury,  Northamptonshire. 

At  Hastings,  aged  31,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Alfred 
Hall,  late  minister  of  the  Independent  Chapel, 
Godalming. 

Aged  67.  WUliam  Shaw  Hill,  esq.  of  Bath. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  7,  Frances-Margaret,  third 
dan.  of  the  late  Cupt.  John  Inglis,  2d  Bengal  Cav. 

At  the  house  of  his  father-in-Uiw  Sir  Fitzroy 
Kelly,  in  Piccadilly,  Capt.  John  Green  Paley, 
youngest  son  of  J.  G.  Paley,  esq.  of  Oakland^, 
Yorkshire. 

At  Teignmouth,  Anne,  \*ife  of  John  Chappell 
Tozer,  esq.  solicitor. 

At  Wormley,  Herts,  aged  73,  Ann,  sister  of  the 
late  Charles  Welstead,  esq.  of  Valentines,  Essex. 

At  High  Heworth,  in  his  84th  year,  John  Wy- 
lara,  esq. 

Nov.  30.  At  Brighton,  Ann,  the  wife  of  John 
Thomas  Ansell,  esq.  of  H.M.  Customs,  Shore- 
ham. 

Mary,  daughter  of  the  late  Richard  Birkett,  esq. 
of  L'piH'.r  Clapton. 

At  Torquay,  aged  41,  Feame  Bolland,  esq. 

In  Halfmoon-st  Emma-Sophia-Jane-Matilda, 
widow  of  Andrew  Browne,  esq.  F.R.C.S.E.  Deputy 
Inspector  of  Army  Hospitals. 

At  Parsonstown,  Jane,  wife  of  the  Bey.  J.  Car- 


lUe,  D.D.  a  zealous  friend  to  the  Missionary  cause 
in  Ireland. 

At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  aged  82,  Mrs.  Jane 
Cripps,  daugliter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Cripps,  of 
Cheadle,  Cheshire,  and  niece  of  the  late  William 
Buck,  esq.  of  the  former  to^Ti. 

At  Chatham,  Kent,  aged  77,  Sarah,  relict  of  S. 
H.  Dickerson,  esq. 

At  Nether  Wallop,  Hants,  Harriet,  wife  of  tlie 
Rev.  A.  W.  Dorset  Fellowes,  Vicar,  late  of  York. 

A.  P.  Gibson,  esq.  of  Holles-st.  Cavendish -sq. 
late  Consul  General  at  St.  Petersburgh  for  the 
United  States  of  America. 

At  Clifton,  aged  87,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Samuel 
Lloyd  Harford,  esq. 

At  Helston,  aged  60,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  George 
D.  John,  esq.  and  only  survinng  dau.  of  the  late 
Jonathan  Passingham,  esq.  of  Hendur,  in  Meri- 
oneth, and  of  Bonython,  Cornwall. 

At  Sutton  Courtenay,  Berks,  aged  79,  Ednunul 
Norris,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  29,  Matilda-Catherine  Pook, 
after  long  suffering  borne  with  Christian  patience, 
loved  and  respected  by  all  who  knew  her. 

Aged  91,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Sliaw,  of  Calthorpe-st. 
Guildford-st. 

Lately.  Lady  Winston  Barron,  wife  of  Sir 
Henry  Winston  Barron,  Bart,  of  Barron  Court, 
Waterford,  and  dau.  of  Sh-  Gregor>'  Page  Turner, 
Bart,  of  Battlesden  Park,  Bedfordshire,  &c. 

Aged  84,  M.  Huve,  the  architect  wlio  completed 
the  Madeleine  at  Paris,  one  of  the  senior  members 
of  the  Institute,  and  member  of  tlic  Academy  of 
Beaux  Arts. 

At  Blackheath  Park,  aged  64,  Frances,  relict  of 
Lieut.-Col.  Josiah  Stewart,  C.B.  Madra.s  Array. 

Dec.  1.  At  Clifton,  near  York,  Mary,  only  dau. 
ofthelatc  J.  W.  Carroll,  M.D.  of  Calcutta,  and 
niece  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  Richardson,  M.A. 

At  Brighton,  Amelia-Snell,  wife  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Carpenter,  of  Potter's-bar,  Middlesex. 

In  Halkln-st.  West,  aged  20,  Charlotte,  wife  of 
Charles  F.  T.  Daniell,  esq.  38th  Regt. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  59,  Sophia,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Richard  Greaves,  and  younge.'»t  dau.  of  the 
late  William  Wilson,  esq.  of  Nether  Worton,  Oxf. 

At  Hastings,  aped  79,  Ellen,  widow  of  James 
Honiby,  esq. 

At  the  Mall,  Kensington  Gravel-pits,  aged  25, 
Elvira,  wife  of  John  Callcott  Horsley,  cmi. 

At  Lyndhurst,  Mr.  Willitim  Sliort,  druggist,  ami 
seerctary  to  tlie  Lyndhurst  district  of  the  Haniii- 
sliire  Friendly  Society. 

At  Brixton,  aged  60,  William  Thomas,  esq.  late 
of  Sydenham  and  Clo^-lane. 

At  Ealing,  aged  76,  Cliarles  Andrew  Thomwm, 
esq.  fonnerly  a  wine  merchant.  After  rather  a 
reverse  in  his  fortunes,  he  had  for  some  years  re- 
tired to  a  more  humble  residence,  with  his  iiged 
partner,  with  whom  he  had  live<l  happily  for  more 
than  half  a  century.  From  his  peculiar  and  old- 
fashioned  dress  (top-boots,  &c.)  he  was  generally 
known  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  re.^pected  by 
his  neighbours.  He  died  ft*om  a  fit  quite  suddenly, 
whilst  at  his  barber's  at  Acton,  whither  he  had 
walked  flrom  Ealing,  as  was  liis  custom,  to  Lk; 
shaved. 

At  Portsmouth,  aged  69.  J.  P.  Wallin,  esq.  re- 
cently of  the  Dockyard, 

Dec.  2.  At  Brighton,  agetl  73,  Cluirles  Fasselt 
Buniett,  esq.  of  Park-crescent,  Regent's-park . 

At  Brompton,  Capt.  Charles  John  Gibson  Car- 
mlchael,  69th  Kegt.  fourth  son  of  the  late  Sir 
Thomas  Gibson  Carmichael,  Bart. 

At  CUfton,  aged  74,  Mrs.  Clark,  widow  of  T. 
Clark,  esq.  of  Bristol. 

At  Connauglit-terrace,  Edgware-road,  aged  74, 
Isabella,  relict  of  Jacob  Cowles,  emi.  H.E.I.C.S. 

At  North  Sunderland,  aged  82,  Mr.  Robert 
Curry,  formerly  of  Brandon,  Northumberland. 
During  his  tenure  of  sixty  years  there,  his  place 
was  amongst  the  flrst  of  his  order,  as  an  agriiul- 
tnrist,  and  he  gave  to  the  hl.storian  of  the  Herd 
Book  a  page  upon  the  excellcnco  of  the  shortliorus. 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


109 


In  Oreat  ?reKOtt-fit.  Qoodman'^-fldldii,  Bge^l  d1>^ 
Esther,  relict  of  Jacob  Dbw  Femanaai* 
At  E\e<er,  jiv-ed  Ofi,  Mary- Ann ,  mrtftj  of  Harry 
^ke  «iil.b.s  M.D.,  FJl.as. 

\s^(l  r)?,  Witllam  Griiaes,  oao.  battker.of  Lkb- 
flel.l. 

At  the  Qreen,  Ambl6i{d«,  aged  T9»  John  ilarri- 
5011,  e*t|. 
At  Croydon,  Aged  75,  MtAa  SonUi  Inno*.  ■ 
At  Roysran-hnU  aged  T8,  ElUftbeth.  rt'lict  of 
I  JoahUA  Lllloy,  e«^  of  Wallinjftoii,  Hertj*. 
B     Al  Lum  beth ,  lijtfed  Hi,  Ro/gtlhid ,  widow  of  Samuel 
|!lLuidi<r,  c,^|.  rtf  the  Twnijlo. 

At  B»rasbury-pi«rk«  Lthngton,  Aged  77»  Ann, 

rldow  of  Junes  PeJr»on,  e»<i. 

At  W«t  Moiling,  nged  ej ,  f!«orge  Perfect,  o*q. 

ifcrr   miLOy  y«m  a  uumUcaI  {iractltiDner  hi  that 

town. 

At  AhivlcJc,  Mcd  87,  Grace,  lAidOvr  of  Bobert 

At  S'  ^'►rfaUc,  a*?eil  46,  Jane,  young- 

t  su  i  :  the  Utc  CborleA  Siui  derts,  esq. 

At  Do....... ,.«.,,.., li  10,  wife  of  Comm.  TurUrew, 

LN.    She  was  the  third  djuii^hter  of  G.  Arnold, 

H.  and  Qutrritid  in  I  ft5W;. 

In  Upper  WLmriDlti-flt.  Anna,  diiu,  of  tiio  late 
kimticl  Turner,  e«q. 

/Vf .  3.  At  Pa]{$Tavc.  SnfiRolk,  aged  53,  Ann, 
rwitlnw  of  John  Hewt  *"tv.  *— i. 

At  EtUnburifh.  AIj  ?aiL  of  the  late 

Juna^  AjkUt.wii,  c^  :  itherlandAhire, 

At  Burj-road,  un^.  -  -i  '"*a^  Comm. 
"  ODAS  Bftll,  R.N.     lie  t!  r  In  1707, 

I  mdde  Lieutenant  lu  innmndpr 

Hfiied.    He  served  for  2ii  yc.u        j..*y. 

At  rUelnnond,  a^cd  tiS,  AiiU-i'iiHcinei  Wife  Of 
It.  TJionios  Fi^iwTunn.  clerk  lo  Ih^  CuminlssdlODon 
fTcxcs,  and  to  the  ina)qi-«strolo.-«  ofiiilMng  West. 

At  Kenti»li  town,  aji'tNi  iti,  Klij£4t-!S'iphia,  wMow 
f  Lieut. 'Col,  Sir  Edward  Alexaiuliir  CuniidurU, 
J.B.  of  the  Bengal  Military  Service,  and  eldest  d»u. 
if  TlioouM  Pwmtt,  eaQ.  of  RuDJgate. 

At  Kieter,  aged  Td,  Lucy,  wife  of  Hugh  Cum- 
Milliig,esq. 

At  Wfttl^,  Herb,  ag«d  53,  Chris.  Dttlton,  e«q. 

At  B<lttl,  ti«ed  n,  Mn.  Oijuibeth  GoddisD, 

A I  Glieltenbais,  aged  59,  Sojihia,  wil%  of  the  Rev. 
tichard  GreaveA. 

At  Cnnnoitlieii.  aoed  77.  EJhcabetli,  widow  of 


fjf/,hn    .l„)tn,.^     fXii     tJ    Th. 

].-... .'/,ri,y.    sbe  WM  the 

i\ 

i.of  HaenLlAn. 

% 

:  left  ft  widow  in 

1'- 

.     .lit  Mr.  Johoeaof 

r 

-nt«r>. 

:  i>on,  e«{.  of  the  firm  of 

ji.. „,..     

'Mils,  of  London.    Ho 

Wto  «  tmtMr^'i  Ctu' 

izwold. 

Mr.  Uvidbitlir,  L 

iT.    Hewa*r€- 

turning  hom^  in  u  ...  , 

uilJenly  thot  liisi 

hi-awi   i>ut   Of   tJ!<-   viiUuItm 

to  Uiti  driver,  who  wjus 

tAkme  ii  tairuine,  when,  ymimt,  a  Lirj^ti  &tout  nmn, 
the  weiulit  of  Ijiis  t»f>ly  overturned  the  V4jbk'lc, 
whlcli  leU,  t-ni^hmK  liiu\  I«iKiith  it.  By  was  a 
nnlivt>  uf  Iffjcliuin,  in<i  Im^  been  tong  known  ms  a 
n^Hrt  elMcient  omctt  in  ttie  B(nA--Ht.  divijlon. 

Ai  Downturn,  t^ie  of  illy,  itebeccii,  wtfeof  Hunt* 
in^ttin  Martin,  vmi.  dAU.  of  the  late  Jdm  ModOD, 
e*^,  of  Peck  hum,  SnJTty. 

At  Redlatid.a^vd  ti:i,\Viiiijim  Mnnrite,  c«q.«ir- 
g«4in,  fonnerly  o^^AtiUit  "ur^jceon  ot  7tti  UtuKan. 

At  Lb«»i*ti-^oveS<:mtrk.  ayt-^l  fto,  Willitun  Henry 
'^Aynv,  estt'  of  the  Ei^t  indiu  Uouim}, 

At  the  t'pl^r  Hou«e,  Stieliley  Bcaiudmmp,  Wor- 

kiter^u  flg«l  5h,  KUxm,  widow  of  C,  K.  MoOre,e»i. 

At  KinK'dun,  Susaiuw,  widow  of  the  Hcv.  W. 
lewnluiin. 

At  Plytiiomij,  C«tiu'nm-EUj!al«lh,  uldeil  «ur- 
^Ytn^i:  d»u.  of  the  l»te  ILtrry  Noye»,  cmj.  of  'nirux  ■ 

h,  iLinr^. 

•v-ji^fi.  ijuplon,  oitcd  30,  James  AlexAnder 
Infest  <^m  o1  Camm.  Jaine*  Wood, 

-.     ..'.    Horley  Lodge,  Surrvy,  atred  63, 


At  Lo^l-wiihiel,  nged  'iG,  Emfly,  yonogeit  daii. 
of  John  '"  ■  I,  Ibnnerlyof  Boconnoc, 

At  *-  an-',^reeTi,  agt'd  (i'i,  WUham 

Hardvt  ,caq. 

At  BiiisH-iuu  -<-u!iTton,  ttgcd  HO,  Edward  Couelie, 
mq .  IX'pM  tj'  Commififiiiry 'Gen  eral . 

At  Stoke,  aged  til,  Mr*.  Crown,  rclkt  of  John 
Crown,  CJ9C1. 

AtStMmry'Bi  HUl,  Uidgway,  aged  67,  George 
EastUkke,  esq,  tonnerly  of  Plyrnoutii. 

At  Hanhjun,  near  Bri^itol,  aged  74,  MLis  Hariiet 
EmerBoiL, 

Miiry,  eldest  dau.  of  tlie  lato  Rev,  Jamea  Ford, 
Rwtor  of  St.  George  the  Martyr  and  St,  Mary 
Magdaktne,  Caoturbtiry. 

At  the  Werga,  StalT.  aged  BO,  Mary,  widow  of 
Richard  Iryer,  esq.  baiikcr,  and  late  M,P*  for  Wol- 
veriminpton.  She  was  the  only  thiti,  of  WUlinm 
Fleoniing,  esq,  and  niece  ami  kjIb  heirie**  of  John 
Flccmlng,  etMj.  of  the  Wfirgit,  co.  Stafford.  Slie  was 
iDttCTled  In  1794,  and  left  a  widow  In  Ift. . ,  having 
lud  iMtie  two  too«i  and  Ibiir  danghtem. 

At  GhJcbestttr,  aged  73,  Hn.  FuUogor,  wife  of 
the  llflT.  John  Fnllagar. 

At  Weybrldgo,  aged  7A,  Ann,  wllii  of  Thomas 
HerrlTig,  estq.  lale  of  Belilse,  HamjMiiead, 

At  BayBwatar,  aged  63,  John  Wi^taoa  Hodge, 
esq.  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

At  Oiiildford,  ji|re*l  »3.  William  Ingle,  esq. 

At  Primiey  Hill,  the  rtslrk'nce  of  her  >4on-in-lAW 
tl]&  lU^v.  F,  Uoliield,  ajjrcd  7i^,  Chrl*tittn,  reUct  of 
Thonias  Khig,  c-nq,  of  MiJlbouk,  co,  Renfrew. 

At  £uloskDrr}%  near  Latmceaton,  Cornwall,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  W,  A.  Morgan. 

At  Wootton  House,  near  Bedford.  Ml»s  Payne, 
dan.  of  tlie  late  Sir  John  Paj-ne,  of  Tempftford 
Hall,  rtart.  and  granddau.  of  the  hite  Sir  Philip 
Monox.  of  Sandy,  Bart. 

At  £a«t  Teignmonth,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Ann  Prid- 
ham. 

At  AlvediAton,  aged  6a,  J.  W.  G.  Bogerii,  esq. 

At  Steyning,  Miss  Sandiland. 

Aged  80,  MLss  Mary-Ann  Smith,  many  yean 
lilimrLi'i  t{i  ti,,.  r'.,^tlo  Library,  Colchester.  De- 
'  I   Colchester  OuAtlo,  and  con- 

'  I  lin  it'll  wall*  daring  the  whole 

i-i  -...  ,......„..-.  „ic. 

Lit  i'urtkud-pl,  aged  *ra,  Jani«»  RuddeO  Todd^ 
ttiq. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son,  MontpcUJcr-crose* 
Bri^hl,in,  Hmtet,  fflitl  of  Wilttam  WTIIiaiiM.Ciit. 

At  Wroxtiall  Abt)ey.  WarwickAhire,  aged  72, 
Ann,  rtltL't  of  Chrifctoiihcr  Rul>ertii  Wren,  e«q.  She 
wan  iho  dtuj,  of  Thoma*  Dl^ii:*,  esq.  of  PiMtmore, 
00.  Wore,  wtts  married  in  IB  If*,  Btml  Ipfl  a  widow 
in  I!!<i28,  having  liad  i«^<(UO  an  only  ilan,  and  heir, 
tlie  wife  of  CluuidoA  Wnm  HoftkyuA,  esfi.  of  Wrox- 
hall  Abbey » 

Ikr.  5.  At  Montrose,  N.B.,  the  wife  of  John 
Aburdein,  esq. 

At  Ouildford,  aged  67,  Mifi&  Catherine  Bonner. 

Clement,  youngest  mu  of  Robert  Clarke,  eaq.  of 
Sonlh  Town  Houmi,  Gr^'at  Yarmonth. 

Jemima-Lncy-Boughton,  wife  of  ChwleH  Llrlua 
Grtm«>iidWQ,  esq.  of  FenUke,  Bed.«.  dau.  of  J.  W. 
Boughton  Ldgh,  esq.  of  BrowtiMiver  HoU,  War- 
wickshire. 

Aged  14,  Anna,  fourth  dan.  of  the  Rev.  R,  Xa. 
gram.  Vicar  of  Ciicgi<»wick,  Yorluhiro,  and  giraod- 
dan.  of  the  hite  Sunae)  AlRton,  e«q,  9t.  Martin's, 
Leicester. 

At  Stoko,  Klixabcth  E.  King,  eldett  dan.  of  tba 
late  Capt,  W.  King,  R.N. 

At  hi*  sistorV,  at  Slimnd-on-tlbe-Greeii,  aged  70, 
Uichard  Peaeock,  esq.  of  Fsrk-rood,  Daiston,  late 
one  of  tlie  Arm  of  Pcaeocit  and  Soni,  pockot-booic 
makcn,  of  SaliMbury-iquaro* 

Aged  ttS,  John  Fowls,  e*).  late  of  Riebmood- 
terr.  Walworth. 

Aged  ^,  Jane,  wife  of  Wni.  Tarn  Pritebard, 
fwi.  of  Noctlng  HUl,  and  IioetnrH'  CN]riaiiioft». 

At  Die  residence  of  hia  <ktlier,  aged  S»,  Edinaitd- 
W7att,t»rond  survlvinir  ma  of  FVinl  Stititii.  esq.  of 
Bank  Hooaep  StQac,  Siafforddhire 


110 


Obituary. 


[Jan. 


In  Parliament-st.  Westminster,  aged  81,  Eliza- 
beth, relict  of  Mr.  Samuel  Young,  solicitor. 

Dtc.  6.  Aged  19,  Peter-Hard wicke,  third  son  of 
W.  B.  Brodie,  esq.  and  one  of  the  Junior  Clerks  at 
the  War  Office. 

At  Floors  Castle,  aged  77,  Benjamin  Charle- 
wood,  esq.  late  Lt.-Col.  in  the  Orenadier  Guards. 

At  Charmouth,  aged  86,  retired  Capt.  Charle.s 
Clyde,  R.N.  He  entered  the  service  m  1784  on 
board  the  Trimmer  sloop;  was  in  the  Princess 
Royal  98  at  the  occupation  of  Toulon  and  the  cap- 
ture of  St.  Fiorenza ;  was  made  Lieutenant  in  the 
same  year,  and  partook  in  Hotham's  partial 
actions  of  March  and  July  1795.  In  1798  in  the 
Captain  74  he  assisted  at  the  capture  of  Rear-Adm. 
Perries  squadron ;  and.  after  serving  in  various 
other  ships,  he  was  made  Commander  in  1810, 
Having  served  on  full  pay  for  25  years,  he  accepted 
the  rank  of  retired  Captain  in  1840.  He  married 
April  20,  1818,  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Milton, 
Vicar  of  Heckfield,  Hants. 

Suddenly,  at  Brighton,  aged  GO,  the  Hon.  Sophia- 
Mary,  wife  of  Capt.  the  Hon.  Peregrine  F.  Cust. 
She  was  the  2d  dau.  of  John-Thomas  second  Vis- 
count Sydney  by  his  first  wife  the  Hon.  Sophia 
Southwell,  3d  dau.  of  Edward  20th  Lord  De  Clif- 
ford. She  became  the  second  wife  of  Capt.  Cust 
in  1833. 

Aged  20,  John  Richard,  eldest  son  of  Edmund 
Fnncis  Dayrell,  esq.  of  Lillingstone  Dayrell 
House,  Buckinghamshire. 

At  Terling,  aged  76,  Catharlna-Regina,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  John  Dorrington. 

Aged  72,  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Hardisty,  esq. 
of  Shepton  Mallet. 

At  her  sister's,  in  Upper  Bedford-pl.  aged  80, 
Mrs.  Susanna  Kennedy. 

Aged  29,  Rosa-Arabella,  wife  of  John  Charles 
Langmore,  esq.  Oxford-terr.  Hyde-park,  and  niece 
of  Mr.  Thomas  Mason,  High-street,  Colchester. 

Aged  36,  Edward  Lovegrove,  esq.  of  the  Stock 
Exchange. 

At  Bath,  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Thomas  Esbury  Partridge,  of  Hillsley,  co.  Glouc, 
and  Rector  of  Lley. 

At  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law  T.  M.  Hunter, 
esq.  Eastwood,  Portishead,  near  Bristol,  aged  76, 
Saul  Solomon,  esq.  of  St.  Helena. 

At  the  Grange,  Woodham  Mortimer,  aged  44, 
Thomas-Lay,  second  son  of  John  Ward,  esq.  of 
Hatfield  Peverel. 

At  Hoddesden,  aged  77,  John  Warner,  esq. 

In  South  Parade,  Weston-super-Mare,  aged  70, 
William  White,  esq.  barrister-at-hiw. 

At  Hookfleld  Grove,  Epsom,  aged  46,  George  St. 
Vincent  Wilson,  esq.  of  Redgrave  Hall,  Suffolk. 
He  was  the  oldest  son  of  Admiral  George  Wilson, 
of  the  same  place,  by  Catharine  dau.  of  John  Pol- 
lard, esq.  of  Ewell.  He  succeeded  his  father  in 
1826,  and  afterwards  served  the  office  of  Sheriff  of 
Suffolk.  He  married,  in  1834,  Louisa-Matilda, 
dau.  of  tlie  Rev,  John  Surtees,  Prebendary  of 
Bristol,  and  has  left  issue  one  son  and  twodaus. 

At  Bath,  aged  87,  Catharine-Elizabeth,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  John  Wood,  Vicar  of  Heme,  and  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Benson,  Prebendary  of 
Canterbury. 

Dtc,  7.  At  Beaulieu,  Hants,  aged  75,  Mrs.  Mary 
Adams,  mother  of  G.  A.  Adams,  esq.  of  Hanworthy. 

At  Putney,  aged  70,  of  influenxa,  Mrs.  Frances 
H.  M.  Blood,  widow  of  Neptune  Blood,  esq.  of 
Sloane-street. 

Aged  42,  Thomas  Theodore  Campbell,  esq.  Jun. 
of  Queen's-road,  Regent's-park. 

At  Godstone,  aged  81,  Mrs.  Everest. 

At  Wye,  aged  55,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  tlie  Rev. 
William  Morris.  M.A.  Perpetual  Curate  of  Wye, 
aud  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Congreve  Selwyn,  B.A. 
Rector  of  Eastnor,  and  Vicar  of  Yarkhlll,  lleref. 

At  Sniperly  House,  near  Durham,  Frances-Har- 
riet, relict  of  John  W.  C.  Robinson,  esq.  of  Tunstal 
Lodge,  youngest  dau.  and  last  surviving  child  of 
Sir  James  Pennyman,  Bart,  of  Onuesby  Hall, 
Cleveland. 


Ike.  8.  At  Tring-park,  Hertfordshire,  aged  76, 
Joseph  Grout,  esq. 

At  York,  aged  36,  Mr.  Thomas  Holmes,  trage- 
dian. He  had  been  associatetl  with  the  York 
theatrical  chpcuit  for  many  years. 

At  Hackney,  aged  36,  Anne,  \vidow  of  Cornwall 
Reynolds,  esq.  and  oldeMt  dau.  of  the  late  Francis 
Hayward,  esq.  of  Bath,  M.D. 

At  Tunbridgo  Wells,  aged  44,  Cha.  ^Rhodes,  csij. 

Katharine,  wife  of  James  Woolley  Simpson,  esq. 
Hospital  Staff,  Malta. 

At  Shalden  Lodge,  Hants,  aged  86,  Martha, 
widow  of  Thomas  Smith,  esq.  of  Shalden  Lodge. 

At  the  house  of  James  Brown  Simpson,  esq.  of 
Richmond,  solicitor,  Ann-Esther,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  John  Wilkinson,  of  Alne,  near  Eas- 
ingwold. 

At  Swanage,  aged  44,  the  wfe  of  Charles  Will- 
cox,  esq,  surgeon,  only  child  of  the  late  Lieutenant 
Lewis  Lamb,  R.N. 

Dee.  9.  In  Argyll-pl.  aged  50,  Robert  James 
Culverwell,  esq.  M.D. 

Aged  83,  Judith,  widow  of  Mr.  Henry  Emery, 
many  years  Master  of  Su*  Robert  Hitcham's  Gram- 
mar School,  Coggleshall,  Essex. 

At  Torquay,  aged  21,  William  R.  Jones,  esq. 

AtColcshill,  Herts,  aged  19,  Isabella-Emma,  only 
child  of  Capt.  Lascelles,  R.N. 

At  Pentonville,  aged  81,  Peter  Rouw,  sculptor. 

In  Welbeck-st.  Sarah-Maria,  relict  of  John  Sul- 
livan, esq.  R.N. 

At  Newmarket,  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  aged 
61,  George  Tattersall,  esq. 

At  Liverpool,  aged  92,  Mrs.  Yates,  widow  of  Wil  - 
Ham  Yates,  esq.  of  Springside,  Lancashire. 

Dtc.  10.  At  Dabjton,  aged  79,  J.  J.  E.  de  Ferrc, 
esq. 

At  Friarfleld  House,  Derb.,  Alex.  Radford,  esq. 

At  Hill  Lodge,  Enfield. aged  60,  George  Antoino 
Ramsay,  esq.  late  Major  77th  Regt 

At  the  parsonage,  Fordingbridge,  aged  53,  Goo. 
Curtis  Rawlence,  esq.  for  many  years  clerk  to  tlie 
Board  of  Guardians  of  the  Fordingbridge  Union. 

At  Caerynwch,  Merionethsh.  Eilzabeth-Emma, 
wife  of  R.  Meredyth  Richards,  esq.  of  Harewood-sq. 

Dtc.  11 .  In  Rockingham-row  East,  aged  72,  John 
Zachary  Dyer,  esq. 

Aged  80,  Thomas  Fen  wick,  esq.  of  South  Hill, 
Chester-le-Street,  co.  Durham,  a  magistrate  and 
deputy-lientenant. 

At  Bushmead  Priory,  Beds,  aged  54,  Anne- 
Beckingham,  wife  of  W.  H.  Wade  Gery ,  esq .  She 
was  the  eldest  dau.  of  John  Milnes,  esq.  of  Becking- 
ham,  CO.  Lhicoln,  and  was  married  in  1829. 

At  Bath,  aged  69,  Thomas  only  son  of  the  late 
Thos.  Knott,  esq.  of  Boardhayes  House,  Stockland. 

At  Forest-gate,  Stratford,  aged  87,  George  Mar- 
tin, esq. 

Aged  73,  Benjamin  Reed,  of  Stoke  Newington 
and  Old  Broad-st. 

At  Rodney-terrace  East,  Bow-road,  aged  57, 
Thomas  David  Taylor,  esq.  solicitor,  formerly  of 
North-buildings,  Finsbury-circus. 

At  Bath,  aged  85,  Thomas  Thackeray,  esq. 

Aged  76,  Ann,  reliict  of  Richard  Troo<l,  esq.  of 
Wellington,  Somerset. 

At  Doncaster,  aged  64,  Richard  Tyas,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  65,  Sarah,  widow  of  Lieut. - 
Colonel  W.  L.  Watson,  C.B. 

Dec.  12.  At  Christ  college,  Cambridge,  aged  22, 
Charles  Lukin  Berry,  scholar  of  that  college,  and 
only  son  of  the  Rev.  W.  Berry,  Rector  of  Birtliam 
Newton,  Norfolk. 

At  Keynsham,  aged  24,  Amelia-EUiabcth,  wife 
of  Walter  Brown,  M.D. 

Aged  76,  Licut.-Col.  John  Castle  Gant,  for  many 
years  a  magistrate  for  the  county  of  Middlesex, 
and  a  deputy-lieut.  for  the  Tower  Hamlets. 

At  Upper  Clapton,  aged  66,  John  Dalrymple 
Jacomb,  esq. 

In  Curzon-st.  aged  20,  Louisa-Katherine,  fourth 
dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  and  Lady  Laura  Mevrick. 

Aged  a,  George-Edward,  fourth  son  of  the  Rev. 
G.  H.  and  Lady  Cecilia  Bepton. 


.  1853.] 


Obituary. 


Ill 


In  Cavendish -road,  St.  John's  Wood,  aged  41, 
Charlotte,  wife  of  James  Sntton,  esq. 

Aged  37,  Mr.  Matthew  Woodhouse,  of  the  Esk 
brewery,  Whitby,  brewer  and  sphrit  merchant. 
He  was  for  nearly  twenty  years  a  very  useful  as- 
sistant to  Mr.  Brcckon,  solicitor  in  Whitby,  and 
clerk  to  the  Whitby  union.  He  was  secretary  to 
the  Whitby  Floral  and  Horticultural  Society ;  was 
a  frequent  correspondent  of  The  Florist,  and  other 
periodicals  of  that  class  ;  and  for  many  years  the 
correspondent  of  the  Yorkshire  Gazette  for  the 
Whitby  district. 

Dec.  13.  At  Ipswich,  aged  65,  Harriet,  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  George  Betts,  of  Wortham,  Suffolk. 

Aged  57,  Mr.  Leschallas,  wholesale  stationer  in 
Budge-row.  From  being  a  small  retail  stationer 
at  the  north-east  end  of  the  metropolis,  he  had 
become  one  of  the  largest  exporters  of  stationery 
in  the  city  of  London.  His  prices  were  very  low, 
to  the  no  small  injury  of  his  neighbours  in  the 
same  trade,  and  his  business  had  become  so  ex- 
tensive and  complicated  as  to  have  disturbed  his 
mind.  He  committed  self-destruction  by  shooting 
himself  through  the  head,  in  his  warehouse  in 
'Size-lane,  having  for  nine  months  laboured  under 
a  delusion  that  his  business  was  going  to  ruin  and 
himself  to  poverty,  whereas,  it  Is  believed,  matters 
were  the  reverse. 


At  Stratton  Strawless,  Norfolk,  aged  38,  Charles 
Wm.  Marsham,  esq.  eldest  surviving  son  of  Bobt. 
Marsham,  esq. 

At  Skirlangh,  aged  15,  Sarah-Jane,  eldest  dau. 
of  John  Richardson,  esq.  of  Dowthorp  Hall. 

Harriette,  wife  of  Ashton  Sladen,  esq.  of  Hear- 
clough  House,  near  Halifax. 

At  Dartford,  Kent,  Mr.  Robert  Thompson  Stone- 
ham,  fourth  son  of  the  late  Thompson  Stoneham, 
esq.  of  Whitwells,  Little  Baddow. 

Dtc.  U.  At  Barton  Hall,  Kingskerwell,  Mary, 
wife  of  Henry  Langford  Brown,  esq. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  aged  48,  Charles  Gibson, 
esq.  second  son  of  the  late  Itev.  Robert  Gibson, 
Rector  of  Fyfield. 

Dec.  15.  At  Wirksworth,  aged  75,  the  widow  of 
the  Rev.  Nathan  Hubbersty. 

At  Wirksworth,  aged  70,  Charles  Hurt,  esq.  He 
was  the  elde^  son  of  Charles  Hurt,  esq.  of  Wirks- 
worth, sheriff  of  Derbyshire  in  1797,  by  Susanna, 
dau.  of  Sir  Richard  Arkwright,  knt.  and  succeeded 
his  father  in  1834.  He  was  a  faithful  magistrate 
of  the  county,  and  had  the  esteem  of  both  rich  and 
poor.  Having  died  unmarried,  he  is  succeeded  by 
his  next  brother,  Richard. 

Dec.  17.  Aged  39,  Sarah,  wife  of  Henry  Wolton, 
esq.  of  Colchester. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  issued  by  the  Registrar- General,) 


Under  j 
15.     , 

15  to 
60. 

Deaths  Registered 

H 

PQ'S) 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 

60  and 
upwards. 

i  Age  not  i  Total, 
specified.; 

Males. 

Females. 

Nov.        27  . 
Dec.          4  . 

„      11  . 

„      18  . 

438  1 

462 ; 

455  1 
480  > 

322 
359 
340 
344 

187 
218 
213 
199 

1      —           947 

3       1  1042 

'        4       1  1012 

[       18       .  1041 

1                1 

472 
537 
522 
555 

476 
505 
490 
486 

1671 
1639 
1579 
1662 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Dec.  24. 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

s.    d. 

s.    d. 

*.    d. 

a.    d. 

42     1 

29     9 

18     7 

26  11 

Beans.    I     Peas. 
s,    d.  s.    d. 

35    4  31  10 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Dec.  23. 
Sussex  Pockets,  4/.  10«.  to  5/.  5«.— Kent  Pockets,  4/.  10«.  to  8/.  0«. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Dec.  23. 
Hay,  2/.  15*.  to  4/.  0«.— Straw,  1/.  5*.  to  1/.  12*.— Clover,  3/.  15*.  to  5/.  0*. 


SMITHFIELD,  Dec.  24. 

Beef 2*.    6rf.  to  4*. 

Mutton 3*.    4d.  to  5*. 

Veal 2s,  lOd.  to  4*. 

Pork 3*.    Orf.  to  3*. 


To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81b8. 
6^.  I    Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Dec.  20. 

OJ.  Beasts 2,776   Calves  192 

^d.  Sheep  and  Lambs   15,150   Pigs      259 

8</. 


COAL  MARKET,  Dec.  20. 

Walls  Ends,  &c.  16*.  3d.  to  17*.  6d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts,  15*.  OJ.  to  16*.  M, 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  49#.  Zd,     Yellow  Russia,  49«.  6if. 


112 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  GARY,  Strand. 
From  November  26,  to  December  25,  1852,  both  inclusive. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


It 

bo 

s 

U  i 

No. 

" 

o 

°    in.ptii. 

26 

52 

56 

48  l£9,  74 

27 

44     47 

43  ig9,  7(; 

23 

47     48 

41        ,  57 

29 

36  ,  3B 

37       ,  u^ 

30 

m  ;'  42 

39       ,  8i 

D.l 

^     45 

,  46  1     ,90 

2 

44  1  47 

1  '15  .     ,84 

*d 

45     46 

48  :w,  (Wi 

4 

oB 

55 

.  53   gy,  fMi 

5 

50 

55 

'  53  ,     ,  tS^ 

6 

40 

5.} 

47  1     ,77 

7 

47 

5J 

48  1     ,  67 

B 

48 

50 

40  1     ,  GJ 

9 

43 

40 

5[  1   ,  an 

10 

52 

55 

5M     ,62  ! 

Weather. 


fair 

do. 

cloudy,  raia 

do. 

do. 

fair 

do. 

icloudy 

do.  rain 

|do.  do. 

cloudy,  ram 

fair 

do.  cloudy 

do.  showerfi 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 

1^ 

6 

mi 

9 

Dec. 

0           o 

o 

in^ptH. 

11 

52     54 

50 

29,  6  i 

12 

50     53 

5] 

«  ^5 

13 

50     54 

51 

,56 

14 

53     55 

48 

,53 

15 

49 

51 

44       ,  01 

]6 

45 

51 

50      ,4:i 

17 

47 

51 

48       ,  13 

1   IB 

40 

44 

43 

.m  17 

19 

40 

52 

49 

29,  99 

20 

52 

55 

53 

,  78 

2J 

45 

4U 

44 

30,00 

2^  •  46 

50 

44 

29,  IH 

23  1  iO 

44 

U 

,75 

24  '  46     44 

43 

,76 

25 

44 

46 

42 

,78 

VVtfiithcr. 


Tnir,  showers 
do.  do. 
rmn 

Fair,  showers 
do.  do. 
do.  do.  rfdn 
do,  do. 
do.  do- 
do. 

do.  do. 
do.  do. 
rain 

cloudy,  rain 
do. 
f«ir 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


Q 
o ' 


^4 

o 

•J4 


CO 


I  4J 
c  . 
a;  (A 

(A 

0)  o 

CO 


O 

oq 


Ex.  Bills, 
i^lOOO. 


27  223i 

29 

30223i 
1  222i 

2' , 

3223^ 
4  222 

B :' 

7  222  , 
B  222 
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J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Chambers,  Angel  Court, 

Throgmorton  Street,  LondoD. 

J.  ■•  NICHOLS  AND  gON,  PJUNTSM,  25,  PARLIAMENT  ITJIKII 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S   MAGAZINE 


IHSTOUICAL   REVIEW. 

FEBRUARY,  1853. 


CONTENTS. 

PAOI 

miiOn  CORRESPONDENCE.— will ttlngtnn't  Stono— Shr  Thonuw  Lucy**  Pwk  »t  FoHw^ke, 

and  Slmltiip«r«  House— Matlik-  Sculpturu  futmO  4t  Eanrlch—DOttoent  oft  Barony  by  Writ        (14 

'  Memorittlii  of  John  Home^  the  author  of  Douglua , 115 

The  Romao  Wall :  by  the  Rev.  J,  C.  Bruce  (with  Engravinga) 123 

Soimet  on  a  Visit  to  Wordsworth  :  by  the  Rev,  C.  V.  Lo  Grice 1  ?9 

Giordano  Brano ,,.<..  130 

Notices  of  the  American  Indiana,  by  Dr.  Ma^ie,  in  1810..* »,,..•*.....  137 

The  Baronet  d*Oberkirch  and  the  Citizen  Mercier  . , *  • , . .  139 

The  Vale  of  York  :  by  Thontiaa  Gill  {mik  Bn<jraving») 146 

The  Life  of  Thomas  Moore  :  by  Lord  John  Ruseell 158 

Letter  of  Mrs.  Montngu  respecting  Dr,  Young— Agreement  of  Akenside  with 

Dodsley — Lurgan  Clanbrassil,  a  Song  by  James  Boswell  . , , -  •  15? 

A  Journey  from  Paris  to  Italy  in  the  year  173G  :  by  Alexander  Canningham^ 

M,D.  ttftcrwardi  Sir  Alexander  DieJc  of  Prestonfield,  Bait 159 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SVLVANUS  URBAN.— Tlie  Rise  and  Progrew  of  Uio  Dowl&l*  Iroii- 
vork*— BoUn  Hood  and  Shorwood  Forest— En. Kritsh  Etyniolo]rio*:  Maie  iind  Anuuo, 
Aniate  and  Hate.  Mato,  M&kC)  Matctu  and  9»Ic«t--Mununieiit(it  iTiacdptionit  rect^ntly 
rccoverM  at  Cholderton,  Wilts— The  Prince  of  Orange's  Manli  h\  lfA8— Tlie  Posterity  of 
Ralph  Thoreiby  the  Antiqimry— FanaUy  Register  of  the  WMdrhijftons  ,, ., 165 

NOTES  OF  TEE  MONTH.— Jho  City  of  London  Ubrary—Oty  of  London  Infiitutidn— Literary 
Instltations  of  Birtnnijjhojn— Hulacan  Prke— St.  David's  coQeKef  Lampeter- Scientific 
hOQOtuiB  njccoiiy  conferred- Tlie  Camden,  Snrtooa,  untl  I^ker  Soclctleii — Aiitj^juJtlest 
collected  by  the  Cr>'^ta1  PiUace  Compiiny — Proposed  ikatue  of  Fttter  tlie  Uennil— Stntue 
of  Geofdre  Stephenson— MS,  of  J.  J.  tloQHBeau— Sa)e»  of  Autographs  mid  Work*  of  Art- 
Forged  Seal*  in  Jet  iind  Braip*— City  Beneflcea 174 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Saxon  OUsequie«,  by  the  Hon.  R,  C, 
NuvlUe,  177:  Uadriun  the  Builder  of  the  Baman  Wall,  179  ;  Colchester  GiMdle.hy  the  Rev. 
IL  Jeakiiu,  1^0;   M^,  an  Esryptlan  PUgriinAgOt  by  J,  A.  St-  John,  it».\  BibUoitr^iphla 
Hintufica  Pgrtuj^ezu,   I8i ;    Dod's  Pecrafte,  Baronetage,  and  Kiiighta^,  ib. ;   Life  and 
Correiipondence  of  -Jofm  Foster,  Life  and  Letters  of  Niebokr,  and  Hinor  ReriewM  *        18a 

■^AMTIQUAJtlAN   RESEARCHES— Society  of  Antiquaries.  ISfi  ;  ArcJUDolcJglcal  rnjUtute,  I8M  i 

BritUb  Arcbi^loglcsl  Auociatjon ,,        199 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.  -Foreign  Nowb,  190 ;  Domestic  Occarrence*    I  ^O 

Proinotk>n»  and  Preferments,  191  i  Births^  193 ;  Marringea 194 

OBITUAHY  ;  with  Hemcdra  of  Lord  WUlongbbyde  Broke ;  Rear-Adm.  Sir  Tlionuu  Troubridge, 
Bart. ;  Sir  Joseph  WalliA  Hoare,  fiari. ;  Sir  T.  J.  do  TrufTord,  Bart. ;  Admiral  Sir  Tlioniai 
BriggB  ;  Lleut.-Gen.  Cllther<w  ;  Lieut, -Gfln.  Shuldhaon  ;  Mujor-Gon.  T,  F.  Addiiou ; 
M»»Jor^3t*n,  C*ulfelld.  M.P. ;  Ucdr-A^lratral  Black  ;  Edward  Kiii4?ht,  Eaq. ;  CJeiiwnt  Sireten- 
hftin,  Esq. ;  John  Marten  Cripps,  E*q. ;  Count  Pompoo  Litta  ;  Rot.  Samuel  Leo,  DJJ-  ? 
Samuel  Merriman,  £»}.  M.D. ;  Samuel  B.  Bruce,  £iq.  M.D.  (  Eartia  Cbiirles  Burney.  Eaq. ; 
Jimei  Frandi  Btephcna,  Eimj.  ;  Richard  PAlmer.  Eiq. ;  Ber.  Joseph  GQbert 197—314 

Cluot  DBCIAaH> , *.►* •... ...,*....  iU 

DiA-ma,  arranged  in  Cluroaologjcal  Order  ....*..«..«*.« *■ *< SIS 

fieetatrar-Gflneral*!  Retuma  of  Hnrtalltj  bi  ttis  UetropoUa— Harkela,  »>;  Meteorologfcal 

Dfijy— Daily  Price  of  Stoclca * * n\ 


By   SYLVANUS  URBAN,   Gent. 


114 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mr.  Urban,  —  In  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  of  December,  1852,  p.  598,  there 
is  an  account  of  Whittington's  Stone  at 
the  foot  of  Higbgate  Hill  having  been  re- 
placed in  the  year  1795,  and  it  is  stated 
that  it  was  never  known  by  whom.  My 
father,  Charles  Wilkinson,  of  17,  High- 
bury Place,  and  Mr.  Horace  Mock  ton, 
of  Highbury  Terrace,  having  missed  the 
origin^  stone,  replaced  it  at  their  own 
cuEpense.  Your  old  friend  the  late  Mr. 
Nichols,  Dr.  Strahan,  and  my  father  were 
the  oldest  inhabitants  of  Islington. 

Yours,  &c.     Ann  Wilkinson. 
Kempteyy  near  Worcester,  Jan.  22. 

The  following  letter  (communicated  to 
the  Birmingham  Journal)  in  reference  to 
a  recent  communication  of  Mr.  J.  Payne 
Collier  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  (see 
our  last  Magazine,  p.  70)  is  evidently 
from  the  pen  of  R.  B.  Wheler,  esq.  the 
veteran  historian  of  Stratford-upon-Avon : 
— ^**  I  observe  in  your  paper  of  the  18th 
inst.  a  pslragraph  wherein  it  is  stated,  re- 
ferring to  Sir  Thomas  Lucy's  deer  park, 
'  that  he  had  deer  in  a  park  at  Charlecote, 
(denied  by  Malone,)  which  Shakspeare 
might  have  been  concerned  in  stealing.' 
I  have  no  doubt  Sir  Thomas  had  a  park  at 
Charlecote ;  but  the  park  Shakspeare  is 
said  to  have  stolen  the  deer  from  was  at 
Fulbroke,  close  adjoining  the  parish  of 
Charlecote,  in  which  park  stood  an  old 
mansion  house,  many  years  ago  pulled 
down,  and  used  principally  in  building  a 
mansion  at  Compton  Wyniates,  belonging 
to  Lord  Northampton — now  an  old  house. 
The  park  at  Fulbroke  then  belonged  to 
Sir  Thomas,  and  that  was  the  park  Shak- 
speare is  said  to  have  stolen  the  deer  from. 
This  I  have  always  understood,  and  have 
often  (fifty  years  ago)  heard  an  old  man 
very  conversant  in  matters  relating  to 
Shakspeare  say  was  the  fact.  What 
is  stated  relating  to  Rowington  is  very 
probable,  from  a  circumstance  I  know  as 
to  Shakspeare's  property.  As  to  the  pro- 
perty of  Shakspeare  in  Henley  Street, 
stated  to  be  a  fact  not  hitherto  known, 
proving  the  original  frontage  towards 
Henley  Street  to  have  been  considerably 
greater  than  at  the  time  of  the  poet's  be- 
quest, I  have  no  doubt  such  was  the  case ; 
and  that  you  may  better  understand  the 
matter,  I  inclose  a  plan  wherein  it  is 
stated  that  John  Shakspeare,  in  1597, 
sold  a  piece  of  ground  to  Gleorge  Badger. 
This  piece  of  ground  is  that  on  which 
a  building  now  called  the  Wine  Vaults 
stands.  This  I  know  to  be  fact,  as  I  have 
repeatedly  (fifty  years  ago)  seen  the  deeds, 
in  which  it  appears  John  Shakspeare  con- 


veyed that  property  to  Badger.  I  am  now 
more  than  seventy-seven  years  old,  and 
have  known  the  Shakspeare  property  ever 
since  the  beginning  of  the  year  1798,  and 
therefore  have  had  an  opportunity  of 
being  acquainted  with  that  property ;  and 
beg  to  say,  for  the  information  of  the 
public,  that  there  was  a  public  passage 
between  Shakspeare's  house  and  what  in 
the  plan  inclosed  is  stated  to  belong  to 
Dr.  Conolly  to  the  width  of  several  feet, 
extending  from  Henley  Street  to  the  Guild 
Pits." 

A  Correspondent  makes  inquiry  of  us 
respecting  the  Roman  marble  sculpture 
exhibited  and  commented  on  by  the  Rev. 
J.  H.  Marsden  at  a  recent  meeting  held  at 
Colchester.  Mr.  Marsden  observed,  says 
the  Bssejp  Standard^  that  **  it  was  taken 
out  of  the  wall  of  the  old  church  at  Har- 
wich, where  it  lay  imbedded  in  mortar," 
and  that  it  represents  a  male  and  a  female 
figure  having  between  them  a  tragic  mask. 
Mr.  Marsden  supposes  these  figures  are 
the  sepulchral  effigies  of  some  persons 
connected  with  a  theatre,  and  he  instances 
the  fact  as  mentioned  by  Tacitus  of  the 
existence  of  a  theatre  at  Camalodunum  ! 
Our  Correspondent,  however,  is  not  satis- 
fied, in  the  first  place,  that  the  sculpture 
was  taken  from  Harwich  Church,  and  he 
asks  if  any  of  our  friends  can  give  him 
some  information  on  the  subject. 

Mr.  Urban, — Will  you  favour  me  with 
an  opinion  on  the  following  question  in 
genealogy  }  A  nobleman  A.  B. ,  a  Baron 
by  Writ,  marries  and  has  a  son  and  daugh  - 
ter.  His  wife  dies  ;  he  marries  a  second 
time  and  has  a  second  son.  A.  B.'s  son 
succeeds  him  in  the  barony  on  his  decease. 
A.  B.*8  son  is  succeeded  by  Am  eldest  son, 
and  the  latter  has  several  brothers  and 
sisters.  The  great-grandsons  of  A.  B. 
die  while  infants,  but  some  of  the  great- 
granddaughters  survive  (among  whom  the 
barony  is  temporarily  in  abeyance),  and  to 
the  son  of  one  of  them  the  barony  finally 
descends.  Now  the  question  is  this  : — In 
case  of  the  failure  of  issue  to  this  latter 
person,  to  whom  would  the  barony  revert  ? 
To  the  sons  and  daughters  of  his  mother's 
sisters  (if  there  were  any)  ?  To  the  de- 
scendants of  his  grandfather's  brothers 
and  sisters  (if  there  were  any)  ?  To  the 
descendants  of  his  great-grandfather's 
brothers  and  sisters  (if  there  were  any)  ? 
Or  to  whom  ? 

Yours,  «cc.         M.  N.  O. 

[We  apprehend  there  is  no  doubt  the  in- 
heritance would  devolve  to  the  parties  enu- 
merated by  M.  N.  O.  in  the  order  in  which 
he  has  described  them.^Bdii.  O,  M.] 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


AND 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


MEMORIALS  OF  JOHN  HOME,  THE  AUTHOR  OF  «  DOUGLAS.' 


THERE  was  a  period  when  that 
Scotchman  would  have  been  deemed 
no  true  patriot  who  should  have  ven- 
tured to  have  doubted  whether  the 
tragedy  of  Douglas  was  really  "  su- 
perior *  (to  use  the  least  over-strained 
epithet)  to  all  that  ever  had  been,  or 
by  any  possibility  ever  could  be,  written 
for  the  stage ;  and  the  fervid  inter- 
rogatory of  the  exultant  Scot  from  the 
gallery  of  Covent  Garden  at  the  close 
of  each  round  of  applause,  '*  Ay,  ay, 
whare's  yeVe  Willie  Shakspere  noo  r  " 
was  only  an  out-spoken  exaggeration 
of  the  national  sentiment,  as  is  evi- 
denced in  the  extravagant  "Dedica- 
tion "  of  the  "  Four  Dissertations."* 

The  name  of  John  Home  was  a 
lustrous  one  even  in  that  "charmed 
circle  "  (as  it  has  been  called)  within 
which  moved  a  Ferguson  and  Robert- 
son, a  Blair  and  Webster  and  Carlyle, 
a  Hume  and  Kaimes.     Nor  is  it  to  be 


wondered  at  that  the  moss  only  slowly 
obliterated  the  epitaph  of  one  who 
reckoned  these  worthies  as  his  familiar 
friends  and  associates,  and  who  was 
(from  his  connection  with  Bute)  vir- 
tually the  "  second  man  in  the  king- 
dom,"  and  the  cynosure  of  nobles^* 
who  had,  moreover,  for  his  private 
"  suggesting  "  literary  critics  and  cor- 
respondents Bute  and  the  thunder- 
mouthed  Chatham  himself,  whose  pro- 
ductions were  illustrated  and  "  bodied 
forth  "  by  the  genius  of  a  Siddons  and  a 
Garrick,  and  who  died  (having  nearly 
three-quart-ers  of  a  century  before  re- 
ceived the  "homage"  of  Collins  f),  the 
white-haired  patriarch  of  the  Augustan 
age  of  Scotish  literature.  The  "glory 
and  the  consecration "  have  departed 
— righteously  departed  ;  nevertheless, 
"Douglas"  itself  (while  "Agis,"  and 
"  Alonz'o,"  and  "  Alfred,"  and  the 
"  Siege  of  Aquileia,"  and  "The  Fatal 


*  *' Four  Dissertations/' — of  Hume,  namely;  who  complimented  Home  on  pog« 
sealing  "  the  true  theatric  genius  of  Shakespeare  and  Otway,  refined  from  the  unhappy 
barbarism  of  the  one,  and  licentiouiness  of  the  other  :  *'  a  judgment  only  paralleled  in 
Newton's  sightlessuess  to  the  sublimity  of  *'  Paradise  Lost/'  or  in  Locke's  laudation 
of  the  Epics  of  Black  more. 

t  Collins,  in  his  *'  Ode  on  the  Superstitions  of  Scotland/'  thus  prefigured  hii 
future  eminence : — 

Home,  thou  retum'st  from  Thames,  whose  Naiads  long 
Have  seen  thee  ling'ring,  with  a  fond  delay, 
'Midst  those  soft  friends,  whose  hearts,  some  future  day. 

Shall  melt  perhaps  to  hear  thy  tragic  song. 

Collins  has  received  the  credit  of  vaticination  in  these  verses  ;  but  it  ought  to  have 
been  remembered  that  they  were  composed  on  Home's  return  from  London  in  "  1749/* 
on  his  return,  namely,  with  the  rejected  **  Agis,''  to  submit  which  to  Garrick  had 
been  the  purport  of  his  journey  southward.  The  first  Ode-ist  then  had  (with  Hume 
and  Robertson  and  the  whole  Scotish  literati)  admired  "Agis,"  or  possibly  had  been 
favoured  with  the  outline  of  **  Douglas/'  which  may  have  been  forming  in  Home'i 
mind,  though  this  latter  is  improbable.    See  p.  119. 


116         Memorials  of  John  Homey  the  Author  of  ^^ Douglas.''      [Feb. 

Discovery  "  are  in  limbo),  remains,  in 
theatric  phrase,  a  "  stock  piece,"  and 
the  national  heart  still  retains  some- 
what of  its  Aowe-feeling  towards  it. 
It  is  presumed  therefore  that  the  fol- 
lowing hitherto  unpublished  memorials 
of  John  Home  will  not  be  unaccept- 
able to  the  great  body  of  our  readers,* 
the  more  so  as  we  are  fortunately 
enabled  to  unfold  more  fully  than 
has  yet  been  done  the  occasion  of 
"Douglas,"  and  also  to  present  various 
readings  of  some  of  the  more  interest- 
ing passages. 

L«et  it  be  stated  in  one  sentence  that 
John  Home  was  born  in  Leith  on  the 
2d  (not  22d  as  given  by  Mackenzie) 
of  September,  O.S.  1722.  Some  ac- 
counts, as  in  that  of  the  "  Lives  of 
Scottish  Poets,"  by  the  quasi  "  Society 
of  Ancient  Scots,  3  vols.  12mo.  Lon- 
don (Boys),  1821-22,  place  it  in  1724, 
and  mention  "  Ancrum,  Roxburgh  • 
shire,"  as  his  birth-place,  but  for  neither 
is  there  authority.  That  his  father 
(who  died  while  our  poet  was  very 
young)  was  a  son  of  James  Home,  of 
Flars,  in  Berwickshire,  a  lineal  de- 
scendant of  Sir  James  Home,  of  Cow- 
denknows  (not  the  classic  "  knowes  " 
of  Scottish  song),  ancestor  of  the  past 
as  of  the  present  Earl  Home :  and 
now  we  have  reached  a  peculiarly  in- 
teresting notice  of  his  mother.  It  is 
from  a  holograph  sketch  of  the  life  of 
Home  by  the  late  excellent  Dr.  Grieve 
of  Edinburgh  : — 

He  owed  much  (says  our  MS.)  to  his 
mother — that  enlightened,  high-spirited, 
and  accomplished  woman,  was  remarkable 
for  the  extent  of  her  knowledge,  the  ele- 
gance  of  her  manners,  and  a  generous  in- 
dependence of  mind  that  gained  the  heart 
of  all  who  approached  her.  She  was  inti- 
mately acquainted  with  the  history  of  her 
country,  knew  the  character  of  the  most 
distinguished  persons  of  the  times,  and 
was  fully  aware  of  the  state  of  parties. 
Devoted  to  the  interest  and  success  of  her 
children,  she  contrived  to  become  their 
friend,  and  guided  them  unperceived  to 
their  benefits  She  was  superior  to  parade, 
ostentation,  and  vanity:  judicious  in  her 
economy,  simple  in  her  manners,  with  a 
native  soundness  of  judgment  and  purity 


of  taste  that  rendered  her  a  model  and  an 
arbiter  to  the  circle  in  which  she  moved. 
She  bad  much  of  the  gift  of  genius,  and 
many  of  her  sayings  were  noted  ;  for  she 
had  an  easy,  airy,  lively  manner  of  ex- 
pressing thoughts  which  rendered  her  say- 
ings memorable.  Her  son  (continues  Dr. 
Grieve)  was  indebted  to  her  for  his  social 
and  friendly  disposition,  the  open,  undis- 
guised temper  which  apprehended  no  evil, 
and  for  that  confidence  in  his  good  sense 
and  good  affections  which  rendered  his 
manners  and  conversation  natural,  engag- 
ing, and  irresistible. 

Having  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the  Grammar  School 
of  his  native  town,  where  accurate  at- 
tention was  bestowed  on  the  principles 
of  grammar  and  the  rules  of  syntax 
and  prosody.  Home  had  little  to  supply 
and  nothing  to  unlearn  at  college. 
Another  MS.  (from  the  Carlylc  MSS.) 
informs  us  that  his  progress  at  the 
university  was  "rapid  and  uniform." 
He  bestowed,  says  that  authority,  "  a 
close  and  long-continued  study  upon 
the  Greek  language,  and  was  (jualified 
to  discern  and  relish  the  ample  and 
delicate  beauties  of  the  rhetoricians 
and  poets."  He  appears,  however, 
mainly  to  have  bent  his  studies  towards 
logic  and  ethics,  whilst  his  professional 
views  were  directed  to  "  the  Church." 

The  lectures  (says  Dr.  Grieve)  which 
were  read  at  this  period  from  the  theolo- 
gical chair  were  more  remarkable  for  sound 
thought,  liberal  principles,  and  the  pro- 
found views  which  they  gave  of  the  Chris- 
tian system,  than  for  the  attractions  of 
composition.  Being  still  composed  in 
Latin,  they  continued  and  enlarged  the 
knowledge  which  the  student  had  acquired 
of  that  language  ;  they  were  frequented 
from  a  sense  of  duty,  as  the  necessary 
preparation  for  being  received  to  trials  in 
the  presbyteries  of  the  Church  ;  but  they 
made  no  heavy  demand  on  the  time  of  the 
student. 

Agreeably  to  these  circumstances, 
the  students  found  other  modes  of  en- 
gaging themselves.  The  same  MS. 
mforms  us  that — 

One  of  the  great  benefits  which  the  young 
men  of  that  period  derived  was  justly  as- 
cribed to  the  societies  which  they  formed 


*  Our  Paper  is  derived  from  the  MSS.  of  Drs.  Carlyle  and  Grieve,  and  other 
documents  formerly  in  the  possession  of  John  Home,  esq.  W.S.  nephew  of  the  poet. 
AVe  are  also  indebted  to  a  contemporary  onpablished  MS.  for  various  details.  Having 
the  published  *'  Sketch  ^*  of  Mackenxie  before  us,  we  shall  pass  over  slightly  such  points 
as  he  may  have  folly  elucidated. 


IS53.]     Mmno7'iah  of  John  Home^  the  Author  of''  Douglas."         117 

for  exerci^iiiij^  themaelvea  in  cQUiiposition 
and  public  t^peiikin^.  In  these  Mr.  Home's 
talents  and  diMpoaitions  qi^alit^ed  him  to 
appeur  with  eminence,  tie  iras  tbe  aoul 
of  the  friendly  circle.  His  presence  was 
tbe  signal  of  gaiety  and  good-bumour. 
Few  poBsesaed  so  much  power  of  di^unin^ 
the  spirit  of  Idndneas  and  hilarity. 

A  society  which  nuruberetl  among 
its  (atlerwartli!)  clerical  members  such 
names  as  Drs.  Robertsori^  Blair,  Drys- 
dale,  Carlyle,  Webster,  Curnniing,  Bal- 
lAiityne,  Lof^ftu,  and  sucb  like,  and 
among  its  oo  less  di^tinguiwlied  laj 
jncnabers  ijiucli  names  as  Lonl  Eb- 
bank,  Sir  Gilbert  Elliot,  Wedderburn 
Hflerwnrds  Earl  Roisalyn,  Lord  Lough- 
borough, Baroii  Mure,  Johnston  after- 
wards Sir  Williiira  Pultenej,  and  oc- 
ciisionally  David  Huaie  and  Adam 
Ferguson,  could  not  but  exbibit  many 
brilliant  displays,  nay  keen  Intellec- 
tual gladiatory.  It  is  of  John  Home, 
with  reference  to  such  tiocietiesi  that 
the  following  was  written  by  Dr. 
Grieve. 

From  the  gcaeral  coucurrence  of  Mr. 
Home*9  intimate  friends  in  the  account 
wldch  they  give  of  his  character,  it  may 
justly  be  represented  that  he  was  the  most 
iateresting  and  attractive  of  the  circle. 
He  bad  much  gprightlitiess  and  vivacity,  a 
good  ghare  of  wit»  and  a  gentJe  and  heue- 
volent  spirit,  that  won  the  heart  He  in- 
fused  joy  and  social  cicitatiou  wherever  he 
appeared.  Hia  addre^^s  wu»  cordial  and 
inspired  the  same  openness  which  he  dts- 
p1ayed«  Hits  entrance  into  a  company  waa 
like  letting  the  sun  into  a  dark  room*  ♦  * 
His  persion  concurred  with  bia  mental 
qualities,  in  ftecuring  the  favour  of  hii 
afiSQciat^:  tall,  handsome,  open  in  hiH 
countenaDce,  onconstraincd  in  bis  man- 
ners, with  a  soul  of  fire,   be  preposaessed 


strangers  In  his  favuur,  and   secured  tbe 
affection  which  be  engaged. 

We  make  these  selections  from  our 
MSS.  regarding  Home's  earlier  life 
the  more  full,  because  of  the  very 
luengre  notices  given  by  Mackenzie.* 

During  Home's  attendance  at  the 
Uaiveraity  a  somewhat  startling  and 
romantic  incident  intervened,  which 
must  be  noticed  : — 

Home's  family,  following  the  ex&mple 
of  the  cadets,  rather  than  of  Lord  Home, 
their  chief,  were  Revolution  Whigs.  Home 
of  KiaueUtauebeads,  ooe  of  the  last  snf- 
ferers  under  the  cruel  policy  of  the  Stuarts, 
was  a  near  relation  of  the  poet's  father  ; 
and  the  memory  of  the  martyr  was  ho- 
noured among  the  relatives.  Mr.  Home 
(we  ([^ote  from  an  in  edited  MS,  from  the 
MSS.  of  the  nephew  of  Home)  had  im- 
bibed the  terror  of  hb  friends  for  inde- 
feasible right  and  absolute  power.  This 
sentiment,  hi^  admiration  of  Greek  and 
Roman  history,  and  in  particular  of  the 
Gracchi,  bad  confirmed.  He  was  accord- 
iogly  A  most  devoted  champion  to  the 
family  of  Hanover  at  the  time  of  the  Rc- 
bellion,  and  his  flaming  spirit  conid  ill 
submit  to  what  he  counted  the  insidious 
and  feeble  councils  of  Edinburgh  on  the 
occasion/' 

These  sentiments  out-shot  them- 
t^elvea  in  llome*.s  **  marching  with  the 
royal  army  "  to  Falkirk,  in  which  dis- 
graceful rout  (!br  it  cannot  be  called 
battle)  which  befel  the  king's  troops 
he  shared,  and  was  carried  prisoner, 
together  with  his  fuUow- student  Bar- 
row (the  "  cordiid  youth  "  of  Collins'H 
Ode)  to  the  Castle  of  Doune,  near 
Stirling.  From  this  place,  however, 
he  niarfe  his  escape  (Barrow  lucklessly 
breaking  his   leg  in   doing  so),   and 


'  It  may  not  be  improper  to  insert  here  a  note  which  is  written  outside  of  the 
bundle  of  Home  MSS.  in  our  posseasion,  apporentlj  in  tbe  handwriting  of  one  of  the 
family. 

"  Edinburgh,  25  April,  1810. 

*'  Materials  for  an  account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  John  Home,  Esq*  of  KilduflT, 
author  of  tbe  Tragedy  of  Douglas,  &c. 

**  I  am  not  unwilling  that  tbe  following  memorials,  relative  to  the  character  and 
Ubours  of  a  very  ingenious  poet,  should  be  preserved  for  the  benefit  of  future  times. 

"  The  celebrated  autbor  of  the  Man  of  Feeling  has  volunteered  his  services  as  tbe 
biographer  of  the  Scotish  tragic  poet :  and  has  promised  the  work  as  a  contribution  to 
the  Transactions  of  the  Royal  .Society  of  Edinburgh.  Hut  though  much  may  be 
expected  from  the  perstonal  knowledge  and  the  correct  tobtu  of  Mr.  Mackeniie,  I  am 
not  certain  that  in  the  conAdeocc  of  his  fame  (aic)^  and  the  mnltiplicity  of  professionul 
avocations,  at  bis  advanced  time  of  life,  he  will  submit  to  the  drudgery  necessary  to 
collect  the  facts  ;  or  that  he  may  be  so  fortunate  as  to  catch  tlie  spirit  uf  a  character, 
which  certainly  differs  in  some  of  its  features  from  his  own." 


1 1 8         Memorials  of  John  Home,  the  Author  of  "  Douglm"      [Feb. 

While  Home  was  thus  laudably  en- 
gaged in  the  *' duties  of  his  office" 
there  cannot  be  a  question  that  it  was 
with  a  divided  mind.  Secretly  he  was 
giving  his  "  midnight  oil "  to  Flutarch 
and  "  elegant  literature." 

He  cultivated  (says  Dr.  Grieve)  his 
poetic  vein,  to  which  he  had  early  shewn 
a  decided  propensity.  He  composed  many 
pieces  in  verse  on  the  incidents  of  his  life 
or  the  topics  virhich  attracted  his  notice. 
At  the  same  time  he  continued  his  inqui- 
ries into  the  history  and  poetical  produc- 
tions of  the  ancients.  The  writings  of 
Plutarch  seem  to  have  occupied  a  large 
share  of  his  favour  soon  after  his  settle- 
ment in  Athelstaneford.  The  parish  had 
been  accustomed  to  clergymen  eminent 
for  poetry.  The  author  of  The  Grave  was 
Mr.  Home's  immediate  predecessor,  and 
the  people  were  proud  of  the  distinction 
which  this  poem  gave  them.  They  saw  in 
their  youthful  pastor  a  scholar  possessing 
the  same  genius,  equally  eiemplary  in  his 
professional  duties,  remarkable  for  the 
sweetness  of  his  disposition,  for  the  ardour 
of  his  humanity,  and  an  unbounded  spirit 
of  beneficence.  The  talents  and  accom- 
plishments which  he  possessed  were  equally 
arneptable  to  his  patron,  and  his  numerous 
qualifications  rendered  him  an  inmate  and 
friend  of  the  family. 

In  confirmation  of  Dr.  Grieve's  re- 
marks as  to  Homers  private  ^^  studies," 
we  have  now  before  us  many  scattered 
leaves  of  translations  from  Plutarch ; 
and  amonff  our  MSS.  is  a  fragmentary 
essay  on  the  characters  of  the  Gracchi, 
of  Agis,  and  Cleomenes :  while  his 
sermon -books  are  scribbled  all  over 
with  thoughts  and  outlines  which  were 
the  seed-sketches  of  his  tragedy  of 
Agis;  for  full  details  concerning  which, 
his  journey  to  London  in  1749,  his 
offer  of  the  manuscript  to  Garrick, 
audits  rejection  by  the  English  Kosci  us, 
we  must  refer  our  readers  to  Mackenzie, 
not  wishing  to  reproduce  in  a  biogra- 
phy of  such  comparatively  narrowed 
interest  what  is  already  accessible. 

Had  Agis  secured  to  itself  the  name 
and  fame  of  Douglas  we  might  have 
pieced  together  the  innumerable  first- 
nints  and  scenes  preserved  among  our 


quietly  resumed  his  **  studies  "  at  the 
University. 

But  passing  these  events,  an  account 
of  which  has  already  been  given 
by  Mackenzie,  and  Home  himself, 
in  his  "History,"  we  arrive  at  his 
"  license :" — 

After  passing  (^his  nephew's  MSS.  in- 
form us)  through,  with  much  approba- 
tion, the  trials  that  candidates  for  acquir- 
ing the  condition  of  probationers  for  the 
ministry  are  required  to  undergo,  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel  by  the  pres- 
bytery of  Edinburgh  on  the  4th  day  of 

April,  O.S.  1745 From  his 

commanding  abilities  and  fascinating  man- 
ners, it  was  not  likely  that  my  uncle  would 
long  remain  in  the  state  of  a  probationer. 
Accordingly,  when  the  parish  of  Athel- 
staneford became  vacant  in  1746  by  the 
death  of  Mr.  Blair,  author  of  *•  The 
Grave,*'*  in  consequence  of  an  applica- 
tion in  his  favour  to  Sir  Francis  Kinloch 
of  Gilmerton,  the  patron,  by  his  much 
attached  friend,  the  late  Alexander  Home, 
esq.  one  of  the  clerks  of  session,  he  was 
presented  to  supply  that  vacancy,  and  was 
ordained  minister  of  the  above-mentioned 
parish  in  February,  1747.t 

We  return  to  the  MS.  of  Dr. 
Grieve  : — 

Having  attained  this  situation  (of  minis- 
ter), he  shewed  a  becoming  attention  to 
the  duties  of  his  profession  :  and  was  much 
esteemed  as  a  preacher,  both  by  his  pa- 
rishioners and  many  others  who  had  op- 
portunities of  hearing  him.  That  esteem 
was,  at  the  same  time,  not  a  little  in< 
creased  by  that  benevolence  and  cheerful- 
ness of  manner  which  he  displayed  during 

every  period  of  his  life He 

was  (Dr.  Grieve  observes  in  another  MS.) 
diligent  in  discharging  his  clerical  func- 
tions, composed  many  sermons  on  subjects 
of  the  first  importance,  the  few  fragments 
of  which  shew  the  soundness  of  his  gene- 
ral views,  his  just  conception  of  the  doc- 
trines and  object  of  the  Christian  religion, 
and  a  remarkable  talent  for  moral  portrai- 
ture and  popular  eloquence. 

The  "Fragments"  alluded  to  are 
in  our  possession  :  but  the  present  is 
hardly  a  suitable  medium  (even  sup- 
posing them  worthy)  for  their  com- 
munication to  the  public. 


*  The  writer  of  the  present  paper  mav  be  allowed  to  refer  bis  readers  to  a  short 
series  of  unpublished  MSS;  from  the  Doddridge  MSS.  which  is  at  present  being  pub- 
lished in  The  Evangelical  Magazine.  The  Nos.  for  October  and  November  contain 
Letters  of  Blair.     See  note  appended  relative  to  a  proposed  monument  over  his  grave. 

t  We  have  in  the  preceding  paragraph,  as  throughout,  silently  corrected,  on  the 
authority  of  these  family  MSS.  in  our  possession,  the  many  errors  of  fact  and  date, 
and  even  inference,  in  Mackenzie's  and  the  other  Sketches  of  the  lak  of  Home. 


1853.]     Memorials  of  John  Home,  the  Author  of  "  Douflae.**      lid 


MSS.,  and  thus  have  developed  the 
progress  and  process  and  gradual 
shaping  of  the  tragedy,  but,  as  it 
is,  we  refrain.  Notwithstanding  the 
"  hi^h  hopes"  of  Home  himself,  the  en- 
thusiasm of  Hume  and  the  clubs  of 
Edinburgh,  and  even  of  the  "  praises  " 
and  painstaking  suggestions  of  Bute 
and  Chatham  (through  Oswald  of 
Dunnikier),  on  its  subsequent  produc- 
tion, we  must  confirm  Garrick's  un- 
favourable verdict. 

Dr.  Grieve's  account  of  the  visit  to 
London  describes  it  as  a  total  failure : — 

He  submitted  his  play  to  the  examina- 
tion of  Garrick,  and  was  obliged  to  submit 
to  the  mortification  of  a  complete  repulse. 
Even  the  patrons  of  the  Muses  and  elegant 
literature  (armed  though  be  was  with  high 
recommendatory  letters)  treated  his  per- 
formance with  the  most  chilling  coldness. 
He  had  an  introdnction  to  Mr.  Lyttelton, 
go  well  known  afterwards  by  the  name  of 
Lord  Lyttelton,  with  whom  he  could  not 
prevail  even  to  read  his  tragedy ;  and  his 
brother,  afterwards  a  bishop,  would  not 
look  at  it,  as  he  said  he  had  turned  his 
thoughts  to  natural  history. 

All  however  was  not  thus  dark  and 
discouraging.  Another  MS.  in  our 
collection  informs  us  that,  "full  of 
spirit  and  hope,  with  a  sanguine  ima- 
gination, which  blunted  the  edge  of 
E resent  evil,  the  author  was  enraged, 
ut  not  cast  down."  An  introduction 
to  Smollet  obtained  for  him  the  warm 
approbation  of  that  devoted  friend  of 
the  scholars  of  his  country.  Dr.  John 
Blair,  the  Prebendary  of  Westminster 
(author  of  a  tolerable  volume  on  the 
Canon),  consoled  him  for  his  ill  suc- 
cess. His  friend  Barrow,  an  English 
physician,  who  had  escaped  with  him 
from  the  castle  of  Doune,  made  him 
acquainted  with  Collins  the  poet,  who 
gained  much  on  his  affection :  and  in 
their  society  he  forgot  the  disgrace  he 
had  sustained. 

But  not  to  dwell  upon  Agis  and  its 
correlates.  Home  returned  to  Scotland 
with  all  his  devotion  to  the  Tragic 
Muse  unimpaired,  and  little  disturbed 
by  his  unfortunate  reception.  Dr. 
Grieve's  narrative  is  here  of  peculiar 
interest : — 

Mr.  Home  (says  he)  boarded  in  a  house 
in  Athelstaneford.  In  1750  he  gave  hit 
manse  to  Mr.  Hepburn  of  Keith,  a  gentle- 
man of  pristine  faith  and  romantic  valour, 
who  had  been  in  both  Rebellions^  io  17 1§ 


and  1745.  Mr.  Hepburn  was  an  accom- 
plished gentleman,  and  of  a  simple  and 
winning  elocution,  which  said  nothing  in 
vain.  His  wife,  and  his  daarhtcrs  by  a 
former  marriage,  resembled  him  in  his 
simplicity  of  mind,  but  propagated  his 
doctrines  with  more  openness  and  ardour. 

Dr.  Carlyle,  continues  Dr.  Grieve, 
says  that,  "  it  was  the  seductive  con- 
versation of  this  family  that  gradually 
softened  Mr.  Home's  prejudices  to  the 
Pretender  and  the  Jacobites." 

And  now  we  are  brought  to  the  pe- 
riod of  the  composition  of  Douglas; 
and  as  introductory  to  a  few  speci- 
mens, with  various  readings,  from  the 
holograph  of  Home,  we  shall  be  as 
minute  as  possible,  drawina;  upon  all 
our  MS.  stores.  We  continue  from 
Drs.  Grieve  and  Carlyle  :— 

Agis  being  disposed  of  for  the  time,  and 
Mr.  Home  at  liberty  to  project  some  new 
work,  he  is  understood  to  have  been  in- 
debted to  the  family  of  the  Hepbnrns  for 
the  first  idea  of  Douglas. 

Another  family  MS.  observes: — 
It  was  from  his  having  heard  Mrs.  Janet 
Denoon  sing  the  ballad  of  Gil  Morricd 
that  be  first  took  the  idea  of  the  tragedy 
of  Douglas,  which  five  years  afterwards  he 
carried  to  London — for  he  was  but  an  idle 
composer — to  offer  to  the  stage.  The 
length  of  time  he  took  tended  to  bring  it 
to  perfection ;  for  want  of  (former)  suc- 
cess, added  to  his  natural  openness,  made 
him  communicate  his  compositions  to  his 
friends,  whereof  there  were  some  of  the 
soundest  judgment  and  of  the  most  exqui- 
site taste.  Of  the  first  sort  were  Drs.  Blair 
and  Robertson  and  Mr.  Kerr  Bannatine, 
and  of  the  second  Patrick  Lord  Elibank, 
the  Hepburn  family,  and  many  young 
ladies  of  the  first  delicacy,  high  sensibilty, 
and  refinement. 

Dr.  Carlyle  records  that  as 
Home  himself  wrote  a  hand  that  was 
hardly  legible,  and  could  ill  afford  to  hire 
an  amanuensis,  he  (Dr.  C.)  copied  out 
Douglas  several  times  over  for  him,  which, 
by  means  of  the  corrections  of  all  his 
friends,  and  the  fine  and  decisive  criticisms 
of  the  late  Sir  Gilbert  Elliot,  had  attained 
to  the  perfection  in  which  it  was  acted. 
For  at  this  time  Home  was  tractable,  and 
listened  to  our  remarks. 

Dr.  Grieve  remarks  upon  the  pre- 
ceding : 

Much  time  and  labour  were  bestowed 
on  the  composition  of  this  drama.  The 
author  put  forth  his  strength  with  spirit 
and  confidence,  and  ihrtmk  from  no  toil 


120         Memorials  of  John  Home,  the  Author  ^f  '*  Douglas''      [Feb. 

that  was  likely  to  contribute  to  the  perfec-  many  soggestions  and  many  hints  of  im- 

tion  of  his  production.  Dr.  Carlyle  seems,  provements  from  his  friends,  but  the  spirit 

however,  to  have  employed  on  this  occa-  and  success  with  which  the  work  was  exe- 

sion  an  improper  word,  and  his  account,  cuted  belong  to  himself.     The  work  was 

unexplained,  may  give  currency  to  an  opi-  Mr.  Home's,  and  Mr.  Home's  exclusively, 

nion  long   ago  circulated   and   received  As  already  stated,  a  few  scenes  of  one 

""^lu^Sr  T  ''^1  rt'^  ""^^  acquamted  ^  ^  jj^  draughts  of  "Douglas," 
vnth  Mr.  Home,  that  his  principal  drama  .  J^^^***"^*  \.  ?xj  iT  n. 
was  the  work  of  a  knot  of  friends,  rather  *°  ^^^  holograph  oF  Home,  have  been 
than  of  the  author.  The  persons  whom  recovered :  and  they  are  too  interest- 
he  consulted  appear  to  have  suggested  pg  not  to  be  communicated,  at  least, 
many  alterations  and  improvements.     It  in  part. 

may  also  be  granted  that  they  furnished         The  first  sketch  which  we   present 

some  verbal  criticisms,  and  such  changes  shews  the  probable  extent  of  tne  cor- 

of  phrase  as  appeared  to  contribute  to  the  rections  and  suggestions  of  others, 
flow  and  harmony  of  the  versification.   To         Let  it  be  noted  that  in  these  MSS. 

these  suggestions  the  author  listened,  and  jngtead  of  Lord  and  Lady  Randolph, 

executed  the  parts  according  to  the  advice  ^g  j„  ^he  printed  copy,  they  are  Lord 

tt'dLXoVvicUon  the^ro?  H^e  and  Lad/Barnard,^^hile  W 

to  the  eVecution  of  Douglas.    The  plan  of  i!  ^ir   Simon   and  young  Nerval   is 

the  drama,  the  details  of  the  action,  the  -torman. 

conception  of  the  characters,  the  business         In  giving  our  various  readings  we 

of  the  scenes,  and  the  unravelling  of  the  take  Mackenzie's  edition  of  Douglas, 

plot,  were  wholly  his  own.    He  received  as  authoritative. 

Act  in.     Early  scene,    pp.  334-38. 

The  various  readings  of  the  MS.  are  given  in  smaller  type,  immediately  above 
Mackenzie's  text : — 

Old  Shepherd.     8. — If  I,  amidst  astonishment  and  fear, 

Have  of  your  words  and  gestures  rightly  judged, 

aged 
Thou  art  the  daughter  of  my  ancient  master  ; 
The  child  I  rescued  from  the  flood  is  thine. 
L.B. — 'Tis  so.     [Added  in  printed  copy.'] 

With  thee  dissimulation  now  were  vain. 
I  am  indeed  the  daughter  of  Sir  Malcolm  ; 
The  child  thou  rescued'st  from  the  flood  is  mine. 

S. — Bless'd  be  the  hour  that  made  me  a  poor  man ! 
misery 
My  poverty  hath  saved  my  master's  house ! 

L.B. — Thy  words  surprise  me  :  sure  thou  dost  not  feign  ! 
thy 
The  tear  stands  in  thine  eye  ;  such  love  from  thee 
Sir  Malcolm's  house  deserved  not ;  if  aright 
Thou  told'st  the  story  of  thy  own  distress, 
was  the  flower  of  all  good  men 
5. — Sir  Malcolm  of  our  barons  was  the  flower ; 
and 
The  fastest  friend,  the  best,  the  kindest  master; 

how  it  stood  with  me 
But,  ah  !  he  knew  not  of  my  sad  estate. 

the  awfal  when 

After     that     battle,  where  his  gallant  son, 

once  brave,  dearest  died  kniglit 

Your       own  brave      brother,  fell,  the  good  old  lord 

his  fortime 
Grew  desperate  and  reckless  of  the  world  : 

you  surely  know 
And  never,  as  he  erst  was  wont,  went  forth 
[And  on  his  servants  all  his  state  devolved]  (deleted) 
To  overlook  the  conduct  of  his  servants. 
By  them  I  was  thrust  out,  and  them  I  blame  : 
So  Judffe  me  Heaven  lord 

May  Heaven  so  judge  me  as  I  judged  my  master, 
And  God  lo  love  me  as  I  love  hia  race. 


1853.]     Memorials  ^John  Homey  the  Author  of  " Douglas"'       121 

L.B. — [In  MS.  but  not  given  in  printed  copy,] 
In  that  unhappy  battle,  as  you  say, 
My  father^s  soul  was  slain  with  his  brave  son  : 
The  spirit  of  the  ancient  warrior  died. 
But  you  must  leave  this  place ;  upon  thy  truth 
And  prudent  silence  much,  old  man,  depends. 
Remember  well  my  words,  if  you  should  meet 
Him  whom  thou  call'st  thy  son,  still  call  him  so, 
And  utter  nothing  of  his  nobler  sire. 

L.B. — [Goes  towards  the  servants — ] 

whom  you  suspected  I  have  sounded 
Tliis  man  is  not  the  assassin  you  suspected, 
And  to  the  bottom  of  his -soul  he's  honest. 
Though  chance  combined  some  likelihoods  against  him. 

a 
He  Is  the  faithful  bearer  of  the  jewels 

Just  let  him  go  in  peace, 

To  their  right  owner,  whom  in  haste  he  seeks, 
Your  zeal  and  diligence  I  will  remember : 
*Tis  meet  that  you  should  put  him  on  his  way, 

Conduct  the  stranger  to  the  publique  way,  ^ 

Since  your  mistaken  zeal  hath  dragg'd  him  hither. 

By  turning  to  the  tragedy,  as  pub-  Let  our  readers  refer  to  Act  IV. 
lished,  it  will  be  found  that  the  whole  p.  359  of  the  printed  copy.  There 
imagery  and  incident  of"  The  Hermit"  *  Glenalvon  (like  lago)  works  success- 
was  an  afler-thought.  No  trace  of  it  fully  on  the  jealousy  of  Lord  Barnard 
appears  in  the  MSS.  in  our  possession,  or  Barnet,  t .  e.  Lord  Randolph.  The 
which  are  all  early  copies.  scene  commences  abruptly  thus : 

Lord  R. — 'Tis  so,  by  heaven!  her  mien,  her  voice,  her  eye. 
And  her  impatience  to  be  gone,  confirm  it. 

In  our  MSS.  the  following  "dialogue,"  plunging  in  medias  res  at  once,  adds  to 

shewing  the  process  of  the  "  villainy"  theeSect  of  the  scene;  at  the  same  lime 

of  Glenalvon,  precedes  these  words  perhaps  this  omitted  "  dialogue  "  gives 

Possibly   the    "  *Tis    so "   ...    the  more  unity  and  verisimilitude  to  it. 

G. —    This  day  with  Forman  [i.e.  young  Norval]  gave  it  to  my  hand. 
L  B.— Why  did  he  so  ? 

G. —  Mistaken,  I  suppose  ; 

nor 
But  how  I  know  not :  nought  does  it  avail 
To  scan  that  matter,  if  you  are  resolved 
To  see  this  secret  meeting  in  the  wood  : 
As  for  your  own,  for  your  good  lady's  sake, 
And  for  young  Forman's,  I  do  think  you  should. 
Lest  in  some  future  time,  if  Forman  stay 
Here  in  the  Castle,  lovely  as  he  is. 
And  by  your  gracious  lady  highly  favoured. 
You  should  repent  that  you  did  not  eiplore 
This  midnight  interview. 
L.B, —  Kinsman,  I  now 

Perceive  that  thou  suppressest  in  thy  breast 
Somewhat  which  works  upon  thy  honest  mind. 
Thee,  for  his  master,  Forman's  rustic  slave 
Could  not  mistake  :  so  scruple  not  to  own 
How  thou  didst  get  the  letter,  and  declare 
The  cause  unknown  which  moved  thy  zealous  miod 
To  trace  this  train.     Be  not  afraid  of  me. 
For  I  am  perfect  master  of  myself,  and  can 
With  a  judicial  temper  try  this  cause 
As  if  it  were  a  stranger's. 
O, —  Dear,  my  lord. 

There  are,  indeed,  some  articles  and  parts 
Of  facts  that  puzzle  me,  but  these  summed  up 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX.  R 


122  Memorials  of  John  Home,  the  Author  of  ^*  Douglas''     [Feb. 

Amount  to  nothing  certain.     I  am  not 

By  nature  formed  of  elements  like  yours — 

Stars  of  bad  aspect  shone  when  I  was  born  : 

Hence  I,  malevolent,  trust  not  mankind 

So  much  as  you  do  ;  seek  not,  then,  to  stain 

The  untroubled  current  of  your  clearer  spirit 

By  mixing  with  my  dark  and  muddy  thoughts. 

This  day  I  promised  to  your  noble  dame, 

In  your  opinion  ne'er  to  injure  Forman. 

Perhaps  of  him  to  utter  my  conjecture 

Might  hurt  him,  Barnet,  and  not  profit  thee. 
L.D. — Did  she  intreat  thee  in  behalf  of  Forman? 

G, — ^With  vehemence  she  did. 
L.B. —         'Tis  strange,  by  heaven  1 

G  — Things  stranger  still  1  could  declare  to  Barnet — 

So  strange,  indeed,  that  I  cannot  conceive 

What  they  can  mean  ;  no  rational  conclusion 

Can  I  draw  from  them  ;  they  amaze  my  soul, 

As  if  the  earth  we  tread  should  yawn  asunder, 

And  the  grim  ghosts  stalk  thro*  this  spacious  court. 
L.B. — Glenalvon,  speak  !  for  thou  hast  shocked  my  soul, 

Tho*  firmly  I  believe  Maria's  virtue. 
G. — And  I,  so  help  me  God!     Yet  many  a  man 

Hath  been  by  specious  women  sore  betrayed  : 

Thy  calmness,  Barnet,  and  thy  confidence, 

Superior  to  jealousy,  make  me 

Freely  unfold  to  you  all  that  I  know, 

And  e'en  express  what  subtle  men  might  say 

Was  to  be  feared. 
L.D. —         I  cannot  brook  delay  ; 

Tell  me  this  instant  what  thou  knowest,  Glenalvon  ! 

And  of  thy  fears  we  shall  discourse  hereafter. 
G. — After  the  curst  attempt  upon  your  life, 

I  planted  sentinels  at  each  outlet 

Of  the  green  wood :  their  diligence  surprised 

An  uncouth  man,  who,  like  a  beast  of  prey. 

Stood  not  their  challenge  ;  this  assassin  they 

«  »  *  •  • 

Towards  the  close  of  the  preceding  touching  dialogue  with  Anna.  In  it 
fragment  there  is  not  an  unskilful  in-  occurs  the  "prayer"  which  gave  so 
tcrtexture  of  thought  with  reference  much  scandal  to  the  ecclesiastical 
to  previous  scenes ;  and  altogether  its  courts,  but  which,  under  the  spell  of  a 
introduction  might  have  been  accom-  Siddons,  subdued  all  hearts.  This 
plished  without  interfering  with  those  scene  the  author  elaborated  with  sin- 
scenes  which  follow.  gular  care.      We   have  no  less  than 

Our    other    MS.   first-sketches    of  three  different  and  varying  copies.  One 

Douglas  are  numerous,  but,  as  they  are  couplet  we  cannot  suppress :  and  can 

merely  ordinary  passages,  may  be  over-  well  imagine  how  much  more  "  notour" 

passed.  There  is  one  short  scene,  how-  (to  use  tbe  church-court's  phrase)  its 

ever,  which  merits  a  passing  remark,  introduction   would  have    made    the 

Immediately  on  the  departure  of  the  play.      The  "prayer"  itself  was  ob- 

Old    Shepherd,    after    the    discovery  jected    to,  perhaps  justly;  but  what 

that    "young   Nerval"    is    her    son,  would  the  reverend  courts  have  said 

Lady  Knndolph  has  a  passionate  and  to  this  ? 

Anna. — Hear  her,  O  gracious  Mother  of  our  Lord! 

Thou  know'st  the  fondness  of  a  mother's  love. 

We  do  not  give  the  various  read-  and  are  (on  the  whole^  heavy  and  con- 
ings  throughout  this  scene,  inasmuch  fused.  Home  must  have  profited  in 
as  they  would  occupy  too  much  space,     this  scene  by  some  tasteful  critic,  for 


1853.] 


n^e  Ruman  WalL 


123 


there  is  pagt;  upon  page  of  inflated     not   priniedi  which   can  be  well   de- 
rliodoiuontade.  taclied. 

Tliy  following  Hues  are  the  oiilj  ones, 

L.B. — Word*  cftQnot  teach  thee,  Anna,  what  I  frel ; 
The  common  love  that  commoit  mothers  bear 
To  their  own  offapriog,  \%  hut  n^  n  e^iark 
To  the  atrOD^  tire  that  burns  nithin  my  breaat. 
The  woman  that  adores  her  linn^lord, 
When  she  embracea  his  Loved  imagei,  may 
Know  a  small  part  of  wbat  n\y  bosom  feels. 
But  she  that  neeps  and  clasps  the  aingle  pledge 
Of  the  dead  husband  of  ber  virgin  hearty 
That  fond  aiid  wretched  womtinf  she  alone 
Can  know  \t  all. 


Such  are  some  of  the  particulars  of 
the  conception  and  elaboration  of 
"Douglas.*     The  result  must  be  de- 

Edinburgh, 


ferred  to  another  paper,  together  with 
some  intereatiag  anecdotes  of  the 
authors  subaeqtient  life* 

A.  B,  G. 


THE  ROMAN  WALL, 

The  Roman  Wall ;  an  Historical  and  Topographical  Degcription  of  the  Barrier  of  the 
Lower  Isthmus,  extending  from  tbe  Tyrie  to  the  Solway,  Deduced  from  numerous 
personal  surveys.  By  the  Rev,  John  ColUngwood  13ruce»  M.A.  one  of  the  Council 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Newcastle- opoQ^Tyne*  Second  and  enlarged  edition* 
London,  J.  R.  Smith.  1852.  8vo. 


IT  IS  rare  to  find  a  work  of  an  ex- 
clusively antiquarian  character  reach- 
ing a  second  edition  after  the  lapse  of 
6o  brief  a  Sfpace  of  time  as  two  years. 
Our  volume  for  1651  coutaitjs  a  review 
of  Mr.  Bruce's  first  edition  of  bis  Ro- 
man Wall,  and  our  Magazine  of  tbe 
same  year  also  contains  some  notes 
on  the  same  subject  by  BIr.  Roach 
Smith,  who,  in  company  with  Mr, 
Bruce  and  tbe  late  Mr.  rrice,  passed 
a  week  in  examining  the  remains  of 
this  remarkable  structure,  and  the 
castTa  conne^jted  with  it,  from  Wiills- 
End  to  Carlisle. 

On  the  present  occasion  we  shall 
restrict  our  notices  to  some  of  the  re- 
cent discoveries,  and  to  the  more  re- 
markable portions  of  the  novel  matter 
introduced  into  this  new  and  revised 
edition,  premisin^*^  that,  although  it  ap- 
liears  a  champion  on  the  side  of  Sever  us 
has  entered  the  lists  against  our  author, 
who  supports  the  clami  of  Hadrian  as 
builder  of  the  wall,*  we  see  no  reason, 
from  any  new  fact  or  from  any  new 
riew  of  historical  evidence,  to  change 
our  opinion  on  this  question,  which  is 
in  favour  of  Mr,  Bruce's  theory.  Thei*e 
are  certain  discreptmcies  in  the  state- 
ments made  by  ancient  writers;  but, 
when  they  are  carefully  weighed  with 


conclusions  drawn  from  the  remains 
themselves,  coupled  with  the  powerful 
arguments  drawn  from  inscriptions, 
wtj  cannot  resist  believing  that  Hadrian 
constructed  the  wall  and  ita  attendant 
lines  of  earthworks,  and  that  Severus 
made  many  reparations,  and  added, 
probably,  some  of  the  walled  castra 
along  the  line  of  the  great  fortification, 
To  inscriptions  we  cannot  attach  too 
much  importance,  and  tbe  careful 
maimer  in  which  Mr.  Bruce  has  col- 
lected them,  and  authenticated  their 
discovery,  adds  much  to  their  value. 
Tbe  ibllowing,  for  instance,  m\  unpub- 
lished one  copied  by  Stukeley,  seems 
to  fix  the  heretofore  undecided  situ- 
ation of  Morbium  at  Moresby.  Its 
preservation  is  fortunate,  and  its  his- 
tory is  tbe  more  curious  as  Stukeley 
does  not  seem  to  have  been  aware  of 
its  peculiar  value.  Mr*  Bruce,  speak- 
ing of  Moresby,  reumrks  : — 

Considerable  uncertainty  eKistsas  to  the 
ancient  name  of  t Lib  place.  Camden  says* 
"^  There  bas  been  no  inscription  yet  found 
to  encourage  us  to  believe  that  this  wag 
the  Morbium  where  the  Bquitet  Cata' 
phraetarii  quartered  ;  though  the  present 
name  seems  to  imply  it.**  This  difficulty 
no  longer  exists.  Horsleysaw  an  inicrip- 
tion  (lxxv  Cumb.)  in  a  field,  a  little  east 


124 


The  Roman  Wall 


[Feb, 


of  Moresby  Hall,  "  but  pretty  much  effaced 
and  brokeo.*'  He  Rays,  **  *Tia  sepulchrflU 
and  has  contaiued  thti  name  of  tbe  person 
deceased,  with  bis  iqje,  aud  the  years  he 
has  served  in  the  army."  His  copy  of  it^ 
however,  differs  from  one  which  Stukeley 
raedfi  upon  the  spot,  and  whose  origioal 
note  la  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  C>  Roach 
Smitfe,     The  two  readiogs  are  these  : — 


thut  place  to  h Jive  been  the  Bremenium 
of  the  Itinerary  of  Ariloninua.  It  is 
represented  in  the  cut  below. 


GDNET> 


^<?rjffoy>. 

Stukeiey^M. 

D  M 

U  M 

SMKUT 

S.MHAT 

OHAC 

O.MAOft 

MC^til 

M.C4TAP. 

HttAO 

tlEACTAB. 

a  BTU 

Q  HTl 

XVICSIT 

X.VICBIT 

XTLJL  ar 

XXX  I>.V, 

SIGNOJlV\; 
COHiVARDVJ 

JORBRE/Vtoi 
EGNATLX/GLll 

SABINJANOKfe 


I  cannot  but  think,  with  Mr.  Roitch 
Smith,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the 
ropy,  that  Stuki4ey'f  reading  i«  the  cor- 
rect one,  and  that  ^prim&  facie  case  is 
made  out  for  supposing  Moresby  to  be 
the  MoKBiUM  of  the  Notiria.  Horsley, 
for  reasonii  which  have  not  beeo  g:eneritllf 
acquiesced  in  by  ftatliiuarles,  places  Ar- 
iiKiA,  which  follows  MoKBiUH  in  the 
Kotitia,  at  Mnresby, 

An  in  script  ion  very  recently  dis* 
covered  ut  High  Rocbeater  eonftrniH 

It  may  be  read^ — 

o[fiNtoJ  nioMiNi]  n[ostri]  et  To  the  genius  of  our  Emperor  andj 

siGNonvM  of  the  Stimdnrds 

coh[ortis]  PR  111^  vardvl[orvm]  of  the  first  cohort  of  the  Varduli 

KT  n[vmkri]  explora  aod  of  a  Numcros  of  Fxjdora- 

tor[vm]  brem[enii]  coii[NBUva3  torea  of  Bremenium,  Comeliua  ' 

KONATivs  LTCiLi  £gnatiiis  Ludli- 
ANTS  le6[atvs]  AyQ[vsTAi.i9]  pa[o]  pR[iSToa]  Auus,  theiinpertalLefate,propr«tor, 

CVRANTB  CASS  to  under  the  superintendence  of  Ca^stus 

SABINIAKO  trih[vko]  Sttbiniiiouji,  the  Tiibuiie, 

arrnn  pomit,  ttvctcd  thi*  altar. 


Two  inscriptions  had  beeti  found  at 
tbifl  station  lunny  years  since.  In  one 
the  6r«t  cohort  of  the  Yardali  is  men- 
tioned ;  in  the  other  the  (hqtlares  of  a 
detaclitueut  of  the  ExpkyratoreSt  and 
the  fact  of  their  being  stationed  at 
Breraenium.  The  former  is  of  the 
time  of  Ela^abrtlui*  (not  of  CaracnUa 
as  inferred  by  Ilorsiley).  From  that 
recently  found  we  learn  that  these  two 
bodies  of  soldiers  were  rjnartered  to- 
gether at  this  station  in  the  time  of 
Cordian,  for  it  h  elsewhere  shewn  that 
K|rnatius  Luetlianus  was  legate  of  this 
emperor.  The  Varduli,  as  appears  by 
the  Sydenham  rescript,  were  ui  Britain 
in  the  time  of  Trajan  ;  the  second  co- 
hort of  them  13  mentioned  in  it  as  sur- 
named   Fkla^   a   title    which    is    also 


shared  by  the  first  cohort,  as  is  proved 
by  another  inscription  also  very  re- 
cently excavated  at  Bremeniuuit  and 
a  copy  of  which  we  bere  introduce 
from  Mr.  Briice's  second  edition  of  his 
volume.     f-Sctf  the  rwxt  }mge*J 

We  think  with  Mr.  Bruce  that  tho 
erased  name  is  most  jirobably  that  of 
Klugabalus,  The  word  }MUix  we  may 
read  haliwitSy  signifying  that  the  public 
baths  were  restored  from  their  found »•■ 
tions  by  the  fir^t  cohort  of  the  Varduli. 
Another  inscription  has  been  lately 
aflbrded  by  excavations.  It  is  a  votive 
tablet  to.  Antoninus  Pius,  erected  by 
the  first  cohort  of  the  Lingones,  under 
Loll i us  Urbicus,  on  the  occasion  appa* 
rcntly  of  the  completion  of  some  build- 
ing.    This  is  the  Lollius  Urbicus  who ' 


1833.] 


125 


IBAL! 


I  NFC 


IMp[euATOR|]   CJ£[8ARI] 

p[jo  r[ELlCl] 

c[o]ii[oiis]  I  f[ida]  vahd[vlorvm] 

BALLta  A  SOLO  REST[lTViTj 

svfl  c[aio]  cl[avdio]  apellini[o]  lkg[atoJ  AVa[vSTALl] 

IN8TANTE  AVr[eLIo]  QVINTO  Ta[|fiV>lo]. 

lu  fiofiour  of  tha  Emperor  Cmwr, 

The  first  Cohort  of  tlie  VtLrdnh,  iityted  the  FaUbfal, 

■ from  the  ground  restored, 

under  Coins  Clatidius  AiJeUiuiias,  imperiul  legate  j 
Aureliiis  Quiutus,  the  Tribune,  super  in  tendiog  che  work. 


CflpitolinuB  says.buiJt  the  upper  barrier 
vr  A  D  too  in  e  Wall. 

The  statioD  Brenieninm,  now  llhfh 
Roches tcr»  whert:  the  precited  inscrip- 
tioiiM    Uiive   been   found,    Vies    alxiut 
twerifj-two  niilea   north  of  the  wall, 
upon    the  Wntlintr  Street.     As   it  15 
now  being  excuvated  u  fuller  account 
of  the  discoveries  cannot  be  unaei'ept- 
able  to  our  readers,  especiallj  as  many 
of  them,  on  a  late  occasion,  visited  th^ 
site.     Mr.  Bruce  thus  deserlbua  it  :— 
It  (the  station)  hus  evidently  been  idaced 
here  for  the  protection  of  the  road*  When 
viewed  in  relation  to  the  ground  in  its  im- 
mediate vicinity,  the  station  teems  to  stand 
high,  and  to  be  very  much  exposed  to  the 
L»e«thf  r ;  but,  if  it  he  looked  upoD  from 
mhc  hiiii  to  the  east  of  it,  it  will  be  seen  to 
occupy  a  defile  in  the   mountain   chain, 
through  which  the  Military  Way  is  very 
skilfully  tAkeo  in  ita  progress  to  the  north. 
Watliog  Street  passes  the  station  on  its 
emstcm  side,   and  shootj  boldly   forward 
towards  Chew  Green.     The  pavement  of 
the  road  may  be  traced  in  a  very  complete 
state  for  miles  together,  though  there  are 
portions  of  it  which  teem  never  to  have 
been  paved  at  all     South  of  the  station 
the  road  may  in   most  places  be  distin- 
guiihed,  until,  on  the  aoutheru  rim  of  the 
basin  of  the  liede  Water,  the  modern  turn- 
pike coalesces  with  it.     Seteral  pieces  of 
black  oak,  perfectly  aoaad,  have  been  got 
out  of  the  river  near  to   the  pkoo  where 
the  road  crossed  tt,  and  gome  portions  are 


imbedded  in  the  bauk  in  such  a  way  as  ta 
eneourage  the  belief  that  the  road  was  her« 
supported  upon  timbers. 

In  a  military  point  of  fiew  the  Hite  of 
the  station  ia  very  strong:.  On  all  Bides, 
excepting  near  the  so  nth -east  corner,  the 
ground  slopes  from  it ;  and  on  the  north 
side,  it  sinks  so  rapidly  m  to  give  the 
camp  the  protectioQ  of  a  bold  breast-work. 
The  walls  of  the  station  are  stronger  than 
those  of  the  forts  on  the  line  of  the  Wall ; 
they  are  not  only  thicker,  but  are  com- 
posed of  larger  stones*  In  one  piaca  the 
station  wall  measures  seventeen  feet  in 
thiuknesB  ;  the  iuterior  of  it  seems  to  have 
been  filled  with  clay.  The  wall,  at  the 
north-west  comer,  baa  been  laid  barej 
seven  courses  of  atones  are  standing  in  po- 
sition. Here  some  repairs  have  evidently 
been  effected  after  the  original  erection  of 
the  station,  the  newer  part  being  composed 
of  stones  of  a  hirger  size  than  the  rest  of 
the  walL  Between  the  walls  of  the  sta* 
tion  and  the  moat  a  space  of  ground,  of 
twelve  or  fifteen  feet  in  width,  has  been 
levelled  and  bedded  oirer  with  clay  and 
gravel,  as  if  to  form  a  platform  for  mill- 
tury  operations.  The  position  of  the  gate- 
ways in  the  north  and  south  ramparts  may 
easily  hi!  discerned  ;  some  portions  of  their 
masonry  remain.  There  have  probably 
been  two  gateways  on«  the  eastern  and 
western  sides  of  the  station*  One  gate, 
on  the  western  side,  has  recently  beca 
cleared.  It  stands  upwards  of  six  feet 
high.  The  eo trance  is  a  single  one  ;  it  is 
wider  00  the  outer  than  the  inner  margin, 


126 


The  Roman  Wall. 


[Feb. 


but  exhibits  an  average  width  of  about 
eleven  feet.  The  north  jamb  of  this  gate- 
way is  crowDed  with  a  rudely-moulded 
capital,  above  which  is  the  springer  of  an 
arch.  Underneath  the  threshold  is  a  re- 
gularly-built drain,  which  has  brought  the 
waste  water  from  the  station ;  several  other 
sewers  have  been  observed  between  the 
south-west  and  north-east  angles  of  the 
station,  the  inclination  of  the  ground  be- 
ing towards  the  north.  A  succession  of 
grooved  stones,  covered  with  flags,  lie  in 
the  threshold  of  the  south  gateway ;  by 
this  channel  clean  water  has  probably  been 
brought  into  the  station  from  the  mossy 
ground,  on  the  south-east  of  it.  This 
ground  is  above  the  level  of  the  station, 
and,  before  being  drained,  yielded  water 
in  abundance.  In  those  parts  where  the 
station  is  naturally  strongest  a  single 
fosse  has  environed  the  walls ;  in  those 
which  are  less  strong  the  moat  has  been 
double ;  but  at  the  south-east  angle,  which 
is  the  weakest  point,  it  has  been  quadru- 
ple. A  portion  of  this  four-fold  en- 
trenchment has  been  levelled,  for  the  pur- 
poses of  cultivation.  Last  year  (1851) 
the  field  was  in  wheat ;  after  the  crop  had 
'been  cut  it  was  pleasing  to  observe,  in  the 
comparative  rankness  and  strength  of  the 
stubble  on  the  "  made  ground,"  the  pre- 
cise lines  of  the  ditches. 

The  stations  on  the  line  of  the  Wall 
were  for  the  most  part  abandoned  after 
the  Romans  quitted  Britain.  Some  of 
them,  especially  those  to  the  north, 
were  probably  given  up  anterior  to  that 
event.  In  the  course  of  time  they  fell 
into  ruins,  over  which  earth  and  herb- 
age gradually  accumulated,  and  up  to 
the  present  day  many  of  them  have 
remained  unmolested,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  parts  of  the  outer  walls  and  the 
more  exposed  portions  of  the  building 
within,  which  have  served  for  building 
materials  through  many  centuries. 
Still  the  foundations  were  untouched. 
In  the  south  of  England,  on  the  con- 
trary, where  the  population  was  denser, 
and  the  land  of  greater  value  for  agri- 
cultural purposes,  the  interior  of  the 
Roman  stations  and  castles  have  been 
almost  denuded  of  the  remains  of  build- 
ings. It  is  therefore  in  those  of  the 
north  that  we  majr  expect  the  more  in- 
teresting results  from  well-directed  ex- 
cavations, such  as  those  now  being  made 
at  Bremenium  and  one  or  two  other 
places.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  what  has 
been  brought  to  light  wilf  induce  the 
Duke  of  Northumberland  to  proceed 
with  the  researches  which  form  so  in- 


teresting a  part  of  the  new  edition  of 
Mr.  Bruce  8  volume,  as  an  abstract 
will  demonstrate. 

On  entering  the  station  the  Spectator 
is  struck  with  the  mass  of  buildings  it 
contains.  They  are  not,, Mr.  Bruce 
decides,  of  the  same  character  or  age. 
Some,  from  their  superior  masonry,  in- 
dicate that  they  belong  to  the  original 
plan ;  others  are  referable  to  later 
periods.  Two  distinct  layers  of  flag- 
stones, both  much  worn,  with  a  mass 
of  rubbish  between  them,  are  to  be 
noticed  in  some  of  the  houses  and 
streets.  The  chief  street,  twenty  feet 
wide,  runs  through  the  station  from 
east  to  west.  Another  street,  to  the 
south,  runs  in  the  direction  of  those 
points  of  the  rampart  where  the  second 
lateral  gateways  are  supposed  to  be ; 
this  is  eight  feet  wide. 

Precisely  in  the  centre  of  the  camp  is  a 
square  plot  of  building  (a,  in  the  follow- 
ing plan),  which  subsequent  investigation 
may  prove  to  be  the  pralorium.  The 
portal  (e)  leading  into  it  from  the  via 
principalis  has  been  crowned  by  an  arch  ; 
many  of  the  wedge-shaped  stones  which 
composed  it  were  found  upon  the  ground. 
Advancing  a  few  feet  inwards,  we  meet 
with  what  appears  to  be  a  second  portal, 
the  basement  course  of  two  strong  square 
pillars  of  masonry  (p.  p.)  remaining  in  po- 
sition ;  these  too  may  have  been  spanned 
by  an  arch,  or  they  may  have  been  sur- 
mounted by  statues  of  Victory.  The  lat- 
ter supposition  is  suggested  by  the  disco- 
very, already  referred  to,  of  a  nearly  com- 
plete figure  of  the  favourite  goddess  of  the 
Romans,  and  a  small  fragment  of  a  second, 
within  the  eastern  gateway  of  Borcovi- 
cus.  In  the  chamber  which  is  entered 
after  passing  these  pediments  the  most 
striking  object  is  an  underground  tank  (f) 
about  eight  feet  square,  and  six  feet  deep. 
The  masonry  of  its  walls  bears  the  cha- 
racter of  the  second,  rather  than  of  the 
first  period.  Two  narrow  apertures  on  its 
south  side  near  the  top  seem  intended  for 
the  admission  of  water,  and  a  shallow 
trough  and  gutter  on  the  edge  of  one  of 
the  opposite  corners,  have  apparently  been 
intended  to  carry  o£F  the  superfluous  liquid. 
There  is  now  lying  at  the  bottom  of  it  the 
stone  lintel  of  a  doorway,  upwards  of  six 
feet  long ;  before  being  precipitated  into 
the  tank,  it  would  seem  to  have  long  lain 
npon  the  ground  of  the  station,  for  it  is 
much  worn,  as  if  by  the  sharpening  of 
knives  upon  it.  Proceeding  in  a  straight 
line  onwards,  and  at  the  southern  ex- 
tremity of  this  range  of  buildings,  another 
underground  receptacle  (o)  is  seen.     It 


128 


The  Roman  Wall, 


[Fel). 


There  is  an  opening  at  the  bottom,  in  one 
corner  of  the  building,  jjaving  roucU  the 
ajipeamnce  of  a  conduit :  it  is  arched  !iy  a 
single  fitone,  roughly  tnrtrk«^d  with  diamond 
tooling.  The  course  of  this  chftiincl  has 
not  been  examined.  The  whole  vault  bus 
evidently  been  provided  with  a  covering. 
In  ita  west  era  wall  is  a  projecting  ledge^ 
which  \a  shewn  in  the  woodeiit ;  on  this 
one  or  two  courses  of  stones  bfite  pruha> 
bty  resteil,  stretching  inwards.  The  tt*|i 
would  by  this  means  be  so  contracted  thnt 
it  might  be  covered  over  by  long  flat 
fltonois ;  one  suitable  fur  the  purpose, 
though  broken  in  twOj  lie^s  on  the  «put. 
*  «  *  • 

On  the  western  side  of  the  centnil  block 
of  buildings  is  a  double  range  of  barrncks 
(n,  c)  J  each  compartment  is  sixty  feet  long 
and  iifteeii  broad.  The  masonry  is  ex- 
ceedingly good^  and  evidently  belongs  to 
the  first  period.  Id  the  centre  of  the 
range  between  the  apartments  a  deep  paii- 
tBge  runs  (k),  flagged  at  the  bottom ,»  and 
apparently  communicating  with  flues  (^') 
beneath  the  rooms.  Thi«  passage  libowB 
five  course*  of  masonry  inniu.  The  outer 
wb11«  of  tbefle  buildings  have  erections  re. 
senibling  buttreflses  placed  agaitiflt  them 


(ip  i),  and  the  same  number,  eight,  is  ap- 
pended to  each.  It  is  probable,  however, 
that  they  were  not  intended  to  strengthen 
the  walbf  but  were  connected  with  the 
heating  of  the  apartments,  for  a  flue  goee 
under  the  floor  from  the  centre  of  each 
buy.  The  floors  of  tbe  rooms  consist  of 
a  double  ^t  of  flagstones  with  an  inter- 
vening layer  of  clay  between  them.  The 
floors  are  not  supported  upon  pillars  as  is 
usually  the  case  in  hy^)ocauflts,  but  upon 
dwarf  waUs  ;  by  this  means  the  heated  air 
would  he  carried  along  the  passages  with 
some  of  the  precision  which  we  see  mani- 
f edited  in  the  galleries  of  a  coal  mine.  In 
one  of  the  bays  formed  by  the  projecting 
huttresj^s  of  thia  building  the  cranium 
and  several  of  the  other  bones  of  a  man 
were  found.  The  remains  of  an  archway 
(m)  leading  into  one  of  the  dwellings  (c) 
were  discovered;  it  is  probable  thai  the 
other  was  similarly  provided. 

There  are  iadicatiooi  that  a  range  of 
houses  (d),  of  the  same  character  as  that 
which  has  now  heert  described  ^  stood  upon 
the  eastern  side  of  the  central  fic|uure. 

In  the  via  prindpttUs^  is  another 
vault  (u  in  the  pliin)«  incroachmg  oq 


Hi 


the  line  of  the  street.  It  b  thirty  feet 
long,  eight  broad,  and  six  deep.  At 
the  bottom  of  it  was  diseovered  a 
piece  of  sculpture  rej)resenting  three 
tijmphs  bathing.  Mr.  Bruce  asks  what 
Cfiri  have  been  ihc  object  of  sui  muajr 
pi  I -like  chauibera,  iind  pnuse^  in  de- 
ciding them  to  huve  been  bntbs.  But 
it  is  difficult  to  conceive  them  cnn* 
structed  for  m\y  otijer  purpose^  und 
this  piece  of  sculpture,  as  well  na  the 


inscription  containing  tbe  word  baUif 
(p.  125),  seetu  to  support  this  opinion. 
Considerable  discoveries  have  iilao 
been  mnde  at  Hoiiseteads  (Borcovicus) 
by  Mr.  Clayton,  and  nt  Burdoswatd 
(Auiboelanna),  by  Mr.  Potter,*  both 
of  whicn  are  described  by  Mr*  Bruce 
with  new  illustrations*  One  of  the 
nio^t  interesting  features  of  the  exca- 
vations at  the  hitter  place  ib  the  door- 
way leading  from  the  northern  gate- 


*  See  p.  73  of  our  January  Dmsiher.    We  take  thii  opportunity  to  ftiggest  that  the 
lir*t  two  wordi  of  the  inscription  found  by  Mr*  Potter  (p*  74)  would  be  better  read  m 
Snh  Modio, 
2 


1853] 


% 


^':2i 


Itouuui  (jiiteway  at  BurUcMwald. 


way  to  the  guard  chamber  shewrn  in 
the  annexed  cut.  The  drcular  door- 
licad  is  Ibrmed  of  ft  single  block  of 
fitoxie^  whicli  liad  been  broken  and 
thrown  from  its  oritrinal  situation. 
SiraUflr  stonea  have  often  been  found 
near  the  gateways  of  stations,  and  their 
use  is  now  fully  deternnoed.  In  (he 
department  allotted  lo  minor  nnti- 
qujtiea  will  be  found  many  objects  of 


interest.  With  respect  to  the  battle 
tobacco-pipe  bowls,  we  nmy  observe 
that  their  comparative  diminutive  size 
may  be  well  explained  by  the  fact  that 
in  the  time  of  Queen  Eli;5iibeth  tobacco 
was  sold  at  five  guineas  the  ounce,  and 
that  in  after-times  those  who  indulged  In 
the  expensive  luxury  of  smoking  were 
accustomed  in  buying  it  to  throw  five- 
shdbng  pieces  into  the  opposite  scale* 


SONKET 

On  my  first  and  only  visit  to  the  Poet  Wonisworth^  shortly  previous  to  his  death, 
when  he  refardfallj  preseoted  me  with  a  walking-stick,  which  bad  been  aa  old  and 
mnch^nsed  favourite. 

WoBDswoniH,  bard  of  the  heart  I  my  pnJse  beat  high 

To  meet  the  tearful  welcome  of  thine  eye. 

We  ne*er  before,  and  ne'er  again  could  meet ; 

The  meeting  tender,  and  the  greeting  sweet. 

£ach  had  the  other  known,  but  as  n  dream : 

Our  sympathy  soon  kindled  with  our  theme™ 

CoLEBLDGK ; — the  wonders  of  whose  bygone  day« 

Each  had  in  amjile  share  the  power  to  praise* 

Thine  were  his  later  years  :  mine,  when  as  boys 

We  tnsted  first  of  life,  it's  cares,  and  joys. 

We  parted :  and  at  parting  paused  to  bless- 

Ere  the  deep  farewell  of  our  last  caress 

A  staff  thy  gift,  as  with  a  friend  to  roam. — 

Ah  I  No.    It  bideS|  for  Aye,  the  glory  of  niy  home, 

Trereife^  CttrnwaU.  C.  V.  Le  Gbice 

ChmT.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXXX.  H 


130 


GIORDANO  BRUNO. 


THE  great  martyrs  of  thought  do 
not  linger  in  the  memory  of  nations 
like  the  great  martyrs  of  religion :  but, 
in  general,  the  unswerving  path  which 
they  pursue  for  truth's  sake  and  God's, 
demands  a  more  concentrated  energjr 
and  a  more  devoted  heroism.  It  is 
seldom  that  the  martyr  for  religion 
suffers  alone :  the  generous  breath  of 
his  fellow-believers  is  in  his  ears; 
angels  hover  round  him,  if  unseen 
by  all  other  eyes  yet  not  unseen  by 
his;  he  is  not  fed  by  the  cold  con- 
clusions of  the  intellect,  but  feasts  on 
phantasies  which  have  a  living  root 
and  ramification  in  all  nature;  and, 
above  the  smoke  of  his  funeral  pile, 
and  the  frown  of  the  persecutor's  fury, 
heaven,  with  its  countless  army  of  wel- 
coming saints,  becomes  one  wide  door 
to  his  soul.  In  such  circumstances  it 
is  not  a  tragic  trial — it  is  a  mighty 
triumph — to  die.  To  enthusiasm  in  its 
fever  the  lavish  blood  which  it  pours 
from  its  exulting  heart  is  as  the  wed- 
ding-garment with  which  in  purple 
splendour  it  enters  the  banquet-hall  of 
the  redeemed.  But  the  martyr  of 
thought,  in  his  struggles  and  in  his 
death,  has  nothing  to  cheer  his  utter 
loneliness,  except  the  grandeur  of  the 
idea  to  which  he  has  consecrated  his 
sacrificial  being.  He  is  a  solitary  star 
in  the  firmament  of  humanity,  and 
precisely  because  he  is  a  star  are  all 
other  stars  far,  far  away.  It  were 
well  therefore  if  we  had  a  martyro- 
logy  of  thinkers,  as  there  have  been 
80  many  martyrologies  of  believers. 
In  such  a  martyrology,  as  in  all  mar- 
tyrologies, it  is  not  what  the  martyr 
bore  his  testimony  to,  but  the  spirit 
which  he  brought  to  his  doom  —  the 
manner  in  which  he  submitted  to 
it  —  that  should  claim  our  reverence 
and  praise.  The  remorseless  guillotine 
spared  as  little  the  grey  hairs  of  Jacques 
Cazotte,  as  the  sunnier  and  more 
abounding  locks  of  Madame  Roland. 
But,  royalist  or  republican,  who  could 
say  which  was  the  sublimer  martyr  of 
the  two  ?  Who  can  indicate  what  po- 
litical party,  what  religious  sect,  what 
church,  what  age  of  the  world,  has 
produced  the  most  martyrs  ? 

It  is  as  a  martyr  of  thought,  not 


as  the  setter  forth  of  any  peculiar 
opinions  in  philosophy,  or  as  a  man  of 
vast,  various,  and  fertile  genius,  that 
we  would  present  Giordano  Bruno  to 
the  veneration  of  true  English  minds. 
It  has  been  made  the  reproach  of  Eng- 
land that,  satisfied  with  the  systems 
of  Locke  and  of  Paley,  she  never  casts 
a  glance,  far  less  ventures  a  step  up- 
ward, to  the  loftier  and  more  luminous 
heights  of  moral  and  metaphysical 
inquiry.  This  may  be  a  grave  fault, 
as  it  certainly  is  a  most  deplorable 
misfortune.  But  blacker  is  the  fault, 
sadder  the  misfortune,  that  she  has  no 
home  on  her  free  soil  for  such  as  have 
climbed  through  perils  numberless  to 
those  glad  and  mighty  peaks,  tliose 
exulting  observatories  of  creation.  No- 
where is  biography  marked  by  a  more 
sectarian  character  than  in  England. 
The  English  community  displays  a 
more  imbecile  promptitude  for  the 
apotheosis  of  some  common -place  per- 
son, whose  only  merit  was  that  of  echo- 
ing and  serving  three  or  four  prevalent 
prejudices,  than  the  Roman  senate  in 
its  most  degenerate  and  crawling 
baseness  ever  showed  to  deify  an  Em- 
peror who  was  an  idiot,  a  tiger,  or  an 
ape.  But  for  veriest  demigods,  whose 
tread  shook  the  rooted  mountains,  and 
whose  voice  was  a  shout  of  emancipa- 
tion for  all  times,  England  has  no  in- 
cense and  no  pedestal.  Let  England 
cling  to  her  orthodoxy  and  nationality 
as  tenaciously  as  she  chooses.  England  s 
faith,  political  and  religious,  to  the  ex- 
tent that  it  is  a  reality,  must  be  Eng- 
land's life.  But  whilst  she  receives  with 
open  arms  to  her  shores  the  fugitive 
slave,  the  hunted  patriot,  the  mourning 
exile,  she  spurns  the  glorious  dead  of  fo- 
reign climes  unless  the^  happen  to  please 
one  of  her  many  whims.  How  much 
does  she  thus  lose  of  celestial  nourish- 
ment, of  heroic  impulse !  What  poverty 
is  thus  brought  on  some  most  import- 
ant departments  of  her  literature !  It 
may  be  that  she  has  no  natural  taste 
for  abstractions:  it  may  be  that  her 
mission  is  mainly  practical.     But  the 

freat  men  of  Gfermany,  of  Italy,  of 
Vance,  whom  she  despises  or  is  con- 
tent to  be  ignorant  of,  were  not  ab- 
stractions, wnatever   their  utterances 


18530 


Giordano  IlrutHh 


lai 


may  have  bt3en.  There  is  a  catliolicity 
which  it?  oiilj  the  mask  of  indiirerence. 
There  13  another  cutholicity  which 
buihb  up  more  spaciDiia  and  jrnrgeous 
mansions  of  mental  hoi^pitaliLy  the 
more  there  is  of  earnest  iiud  iiiviiieihle 
cyuvietiori.  It  is  such  a  cutliollcity  as 
this,  which  liononrs  the  brjire  face  and 
the  beautiful  where ver,  whenever  be- 
hehl,  which  we  wiah  foroiireounlrymen. 
The  nmkrials  for  a  lile  of  Giordano 
Bruno  are  scanty.  The  sixteenth  cen- 
tury waa  an  imnienjje  a^itiUiun,  a 
boundless  a^pirin^.  Its  boIdeBt^  most 
Jifted  Hpiritstlitted  to  and  fru  in  uneasy 
'ftmbition^  greedy  of  adventure.  They 
knew  not  ejxuctly  what  ihey  wanted: 
they  were  not itatisfied  with  Prolestant- 
Jsni:  they  were  not  satisfied  with 
Romanism :  they  were  not  satisfied 
with  themselves.  It  was  Ie?is  that  they 
bad  enormous  errors  to  attnck  or  pri- 
mordial truths  to  teach,  than  that  they 
were  tormented  by  tlie  exuberance  oJ' 
their  own  being,  and  by  the  colossjd 
s[>eetaele  of  new  and  fertile  worhid 
looming  in  the  remote*  Hence  what* 
ever  they  did  or  said  had  a  tinge  of 
chnrlatanisnij  not  because  they  were  in 
the  slightest  de^iree  dishonest,  but  be- 
cause their  whole  developmenta  were 
in  s^uch  etiikin^  dishnrmany  with  the 
industnal  enterprise  by  whieli  the  six- 
teenth century  was  no  les.s  characterised 
than  by  ha  specul^itive  hsirdihootL 
They  gleam  upon  tia  fitfully  vts  the 
motit  culminjiting  Q^urea^ — then  thick 
darkness  swallows  them  for  yeai?, — 
then  suddenly  they  are  once  more  be- 
fore 113,  ilcHoinaiing  and  asfoniwliing 
eartli  lay  their  height,  and  bneiiment, 
and  I  u  At  re.  It  is  thus  that  we  see 
Giordano  Bruno  like  a  strong  ifwimmer 
sail  ling  the  brow  of  a  giant  wave;  when 
be  is  hidden  iVom  us  as  if  lor  ever  by 
tlie  roaring  sur^e  and  the  galliering 
haze»  behold  the  daring  eye  and  the 
sweep  of  the  tinvuni|uished  hanrl  again 
omej*ging.  Sonietimes  we  le:irn  as 
much  about  him  as  if  he  had  lived  in 
our  own  day,  and  Hometimes  he  fades 
awny  alnmst  to  the  obscnrity  of  a 
inylh«  We  shall  not  attetii[)t  to  play 
the  erudite  in  regard  to  his  history. 
Modern  research  and  criticism,  when 
applied  theretr»»  have  done  little  more 
tUiLn  rectify  a  few  dntes:  we  are  not 
awar«  that  they  have  discovered  any 
fresb  fact.  Bruno*s  doctrines  ai-e  now 
faiinliar  to  cviivy  one  acipjuinted,  how- 


ever slightly,  with  the  revolutions  of 
philosophy.  But  though  the  position 
which  the  philosopher  occupied,  att 
well  as  a  leader  of  the  revolt  against 
scholasticism  as  the  propo under  of 
ideas  {jeeuliarly  his  own,  is  continually 
growing  more  diatincti  yet  this  does  not 
seem  to  have  brought  the  man  any 
nearer  or  clearer  to  us.  As  the  mere 
knight-errant  of  metaphysical  audaci- 
ties no  one  will  hencefortli  regard  him. 
This,  however,  ratlier  destroys  a  ro- 
mance than  furnishes  the  means  for  o 
substantial  record.  Leaving  t  herd  ore 
all  folios  to  the  glory  of  their  tranquil 
ant  I  veiiei\ible  dust,  we  shall  tnke  the 
incidents  of  Bruno's  career  mainly, 
such  as  we  find  them  in  a  recent 
French  essay,  adoptincj  its  language 
occasionally  as  well  as  its  statements, 
imbuing  ourselves  as  far  as  possible 
with  its  generous  spirit,  and  avoidhig 
only  its  pretentious  air  and  its  some- 
what braggart  grand iloi|uence. 

At  Nola  near  Nuples  was  Giordano 
Bruno  born  in  lo50.  It  was  well  that 
a  soul  so  fiery  and  impetuous  should 
have  as  iirst  teachers  in  the  wonders 
and  grandeurs  of  the  universe  the 
llatiie^  and  thunders  ol' Vesuvius.  The 
force  lie  [iossessed»  the  ireedom  and 
the  betiuly  which  were  Ins  thirst  and 
his  dream,  he  found  emblemed  in  the 
V'licano,  the  Mediterranean  wiive,  and 
the  It^dian  sky.  Of  the  childhood  and 
the  youth  which  he  sjiunt  in  a  region 
so  much  in  unison  with  his  nature  we 
catch  few  traces.  The  first  glimpse 
we  obtain  of  him  is  in  the  garb  of  a. 
monk.  Men  in  whom  combine  a  pro- 
digal fancy  and  a  metaphysical  subtlety 
are  more  prone  than  all  otliers  to  mis- 
take u  momentary  disgust,  a  fiingle 
outburst  of  pious  emotion,  for  the  voca- 
tion to  a  lite  of  solitutle  and  jmiyer. 
It  was  probably  some  such  tran-titory 
feeling  which  induced  Giordano  Bruno 
to  seek  a  prison  for  bis  rich  imagina- 
tion and  his  tumult  of  ardent  energies* 
in  the  eloister.  At  what  time  he  put 
on  the  gown  of  the  Dominican,  at 
whiit  time  he  threw  it  aside,  we  know 
not,  Dominican  for  a  season  he  un- 
<|uestiimably  was,  though  an  historian 
of  the  order  of  the  gloomy  Spaniard 
heis  attempted  to  deny  this,  alleging 
that  if  he  iiad  ever  been  a  Dominican 
he  would  have  remained  so,  as  if  it 
wei*e  a  law  as  unerring  and  invariable 
as  grnvitaiion  that  [K'ople  always  <'on- 


Giordano  Bruno, 


[Feb. 


tinucd  in  the  same  faith  or  professioD, 
Giordano  no  doubt  first  found  tbe 
caDveniual  ride  and  diadpliue  irksome; 
but  by  and  by  some  of  the  ebief  Ro- 
mfinist  doctrines  and  practices  began 
to  wear  to  bim  tbe  aspect  of  false- 
hoods, lie  ventures  to  bint  his  doubt, 
which  is  already  a  great  crime  in 
the  eye  of  biu  Bup^riora.  But  when 
his  scepticism  took  the  form  of  mockery, 
quick  and  fierce  was  their  rage.  Ty- 
rants never  pardon  ridicule  ;  because 
a  thing  whtdly  ridiculous  meets  with 
as  little  mercy  from  mankind  as  a  thing 
wholly  roUen.  Even  un  Adrian*  not 
tbe  most  cruel  of  despots,  can  kill  the 
arch i  tec t  Ap o  1  lodor u 3  for  a  j es t .  Tb e 
Domitiicana  would  have  been  glad  to 
stop  tbe  jokes  of  their  sarcastic  brother 
in  a  very  summary  mode;  but  he 
escaped  from  their  hands,  and  became 
a  wanderer  all  over  Europe. 

More  an  airilatorthan  an  iconoclast, 
it  was  not  his  ideas  but  himself  that 
impressed  hia  fellow-men.  Besides  its 
extraordinary  political  movements,  so- 
ciety was  at  that  moment  stirred  by 
five  grand  intluences  :  the  increase  of 
mechanical  in ventionEi;  the  progress  of 
material  science;  the  expansion,  tbe 
daringofcommercial  enterprise  through 
the  discovery  of  vaat  transatlantic 
realms  round  whose  coasts  still  hung 
enchantment  and  table  to  feed  visions 
and  t<j  stimulate  adventures;  the 
growth,  the  victories  of  the  Reforma* 
tion  ;  and  tbe  down  till  of  scholastictsm. 
Never  before  had  bo  many  and  Kuch 
stalwart  vitalities  been  abroad  in  tbe 
world  as  at  that  hour,  both  as  positive 
and  as  negative  forces.  It  was  an 
epoch  of  manifold  fertilities  and  earnest 
strivings,  but  wanting  unity  from  its 
very  excess  of  faculty  and  hope.  It 
wantoned  with  its  strength  like  a  young 
giant  out  on  his  first  holiday,  like  Her- 
cules ere  he  be^an  his  twelve  labours. 
Few  could  typdV  it  more  completely 
than  Giordano  Bruno  with  his  large 
heart,  bis  prodigal  phantasy,  his  dis- 
cursive, penetrative  intellect,  his  gal- 
limi  bearingj  his  boundless  courage, — 
his  plans,  his  ideas,  his  activities,  his 
aggressive  ardours  as  boundless.  Such 
a  man  is  a  reformer  certainly;  but 
reformer  is  not  the  most  proper  word 
to  apply  to  him,  A  paladin  far  more 
than  a  prophet  was  Giordano  Bruno; 
and  the  monsters  he  attacked  and  slew 
were  the  foul  monkeries,  the  ghosts  of 


a  buried    world  which   still  lingered 
among    men-      As    a    paladin  —  the 
brilliant    champion    of     that    future 
whose  roseate  dawn  tbe  Obscurantists  { 
were  trying  to  picture  to  tbe  supersti- 
tious as  a   devouring   fire — Giordano 
entered    Genoa.      His  im[)rovisfttorijd 
ease  and  ekKjuence,  that  rapid  glance 
of  political  sngatnty  which  belongs  so  ' 
peculiarly  to  the  sons  of  Italy,  which 
consoles   theai    for   the   uttermost,  of 
political  disgrace  and  decay,  and  which 
mingles  such   strange   laconisins  with 
tbe  most  flowing  amplitude  of  speech^  ' 
his  geniality,  bis  grace,  the  plenitude  of  "^ 
his   meaning,   and   tlie   |>olish   of  hia  | 
weapons,  the  novelty  of  hia  paradoxes,  ^ 
and  the  boldness  of  bis  denunciationsi  ^ 
astouished  the  nmUitudc,  alarmed  the  j 
timid,  enchanteil  the  enthusiast,   en- 
raged the  bigot.     Genoa  shouted  its 
applause,  and  then  Genoa  shouted  its 
fury — and  Giordano  tletL     At  Nice,  i 
at  Milan,  at  Venice,  the  same  gaze  oil 
wonder  and  the  same  storm  of  hatei 
awaited  him.   The  priests  dreaded  lestl 
the   gladiator  should   grow    into    tlio ' 
geneml.     All  over  It^dy,  at  thut  time,  i 
the  greatest  unbeliever  and  Bcoifer  waaj 
the  priest. 

It  was  not  therefore  a  question  with  | 
the  priestly  party  about  the  ri;^ht  or»j 
tbe  wrong  m  philosophy  or  in  religion  ;  | 
but  any  tiling  that  threatened  to  ac* 
tjuire  the  dimensions  and  the  consist* 
ency  t^f  an  organised  attack  upon  po* 
pnlar  beliefs  was  a  foe  to  the  systeni* 
which,  both  as  theory  and  institution, 
made  them  the  spiritual  rulers  of  man- 
kind. As  incompetent  to  refute  as 
they  were  unable  to  silence  Bruno, 
they  gnashed  the  insatiate  teeth  of 
their  insolent  ferotuty  with  such  bjondy 
distinctness,  that  he  felt  that  it  would 
be  as  sage  to  trust  to  their  mercy  as 
to  the  tenderness  of  wild  beasts.  Jn 
loHO  he  i|uilted  Italy.  He  fixed  bis 
abtnle  for  a  season  at  Geneva.  He 
discovered  there  that  Protestant  fa- 
naticism ditrere<l  from  Kumauist  only 
in  being  a  few  ilegrees  more  intense 
and  furious.  Calvtn  once  wrote  to 
Bucer,  **  I  have  no  harder  battles  to 
fight  against  my  faults,  numerous  and 

freat  as  they  are^  than  those  in  which 
seek  to  conquer  my  intolerance.  Of 
this  ravenous  animal  I  am  not  yet 
master."  Calvin  was  dead,  and  could 
no  longer  burn  heretics  for  the  glory 
of  (jod  and  to  illustrate  the  Protestant 


1853.] 


Giordano  Bruno* 


133 


right  of  private  jiidgmcnt  io  matters 
of  fiiith  ^  but  tliii  ravenous  aDimiil  atill 
lived,  iind  Theodore  Bezu,  thougli  a 
more  genial  man  than  Calvin,  did  not 
administer  the  dictatorship  to  which 
he  had  succeeded  on  Calvin's  death  in 
a  milder  spirit  than  that  i^reat,  but 
sombre  and  despotic,  reformer.  Dic- 
tator liezii  and  his  coadjutors  hud 
formerly  reco^ised  two  infallibilities 
— that  of  the  Pope  aod  that  of  Aris- 
totle, They  still  recognii?ed  two — - 
Aristotle's  and  their  own.  In  a  letter 
to  Peter  Kjininsj  the  acutei  dexterous*, 
and  uncomprmniaing  opponent  of  the 
peripat^'tic  philosophy,  Beisa  said,  *^The 
Genevese  have  decreed  once  for  all 
and  for  ever  that  neither  io  logic  nor 
in  any  other  branch  of  knowledge 
should  the  slightest  departure  bo  per- 
mitted from  theopinionaof  Aristotle"— 
a  decree  which  tiaic  and  progress  have 
resjwcted  as  little  sis  most  decrees  of  the 
kind,  Giordano  Bruno  had,  undaunted, 
infallibility  when  clothed  with 
he  most  imposing  ceremonial  magni- 
ficence, and  marching  with  a  purple 
sweep  of  hierarchical  impcriousness 
which  recalled  its  Roinau  descent— 
what  htvnour  or  obedience  was  it  pro- 
bable that  he  would  give  it  when  it 
cjune  before  him  us  the  starved  pe- 
dantiiim  of  stunted  sectaries  ?  lint  he 
smelt  the  blood  of  Servetus,  and  he 
freed  Bcza  and  Geneva  from  the  sight 
of  one  whom  they  regarded  as  a  pesti* 
lent  fellow — a  turbulent  innovator — 
a  most  unsavory  specimen  of  Anti- 
Christ. 

Passing  rapitJly  through  Lyons, 
Giordano  attempted  lo  sojourn  aod  to 
breathe  the  truth  that  was  in  him  at 
Toulouse.  If  he  had  come  as  a  can- 
didate to  her  llornl  games,  Toulouse 
would  have  received  him  with  the 
warmest  smile  of  the  sunny  south; 
but  when  he  twined  his  poetic  images, 
not  round  some  frivolous  sentiments, 
but  round  the  deepest  and  most  earn- 
est thoughts,  Toulouse  gathered  grim 
before  him  in  mutinous  scowl  and 
clamour.  About  forty  years  after,  in 
1619,  Toulouse  burned  another  Nea- 
politan heretic,  Lucilio  Vanini.  Bruno 
escaped  by  flight  from  a  similar  doom. 
He  sought  safety  and  a  field  for  action 
in  that  city  in  which  adventurers  of 
every  kind,  good  and  bad,  Cagliostros, 
Laws,  Napoleon  Bouapartes,  have 
always  mt*t  with  admiii^rs  and  adhe- 


rents. There  was  at  that  time  an 
unusual  confluence  of  Italians  to  Paris, 
Catherine  de'  Medici  had  Italianised 
the  French  court,  and  introduced  into 
the  affairs  of  France  a  subtle  Italian 
policy,  which  required  for  its  effectual 
working  Italian  instruments.  When 
therefore  Giordano  Bruno  entered 
Paris,  in  1582,  he  was  mixed  with 
crowds  of  his  countrymen,  attracted 
thither  by  far  other  objects  than 
his  own.  He  came  not  to  seek  for- 
tune, but  to  unveil  to  thrilled  hearts, 
yearning  for  such  brave  apostleahip, 
the  most  transcendental  verities  of  the 
universe;  and  perhaps  he  wMis  in- 
spired and  strengthened  by  thinking 
tmit  one  as  noble  and  gifted  as  him- 
self"— one  nurtured  by  the  same  Nea- 
politan sun,  and  stirred  to  wild,  un- 
speakable emotions  by  the  same  vol- 
cano's glare— had,  in  a  far  difTerent 
hour  of  the  world's  history,  given  the 
radiant  presence  of  a  pious  heart  and 
of  a  learned  and  comprehensive  mind 
to  Paris.  Thomas  Aipiiniis,  however, 
was  the  upholder  and  the  apologist  of 
systems  which  Giordano  Bruno  was 
born  to  assaiL  Hence  can  we  wonder 
that  the  lir^t  was  canonlze<l,  and  that 
the  second  was  murderetl  by  cruel 
flame,  after  he  had  been  bowed  and 
wasted  by  the  dungeon's  damp?  Yet 
the  reception  of  Giordano  at  Paris 
threw  forth  the  foreboding  shadow  of 
no  such  direful  fate.  He  readily  ac- 
quired protectors,  able  ami  willing  to 
serve  him,  including  the  Grand  Prior, 
Henri  d'Angouleine,  and  J.  i^Ioro,  the 
Venetian  ambassador.  The  latter  pre- 
sented him  to  King  Henry  the  Third. 
Graced  and  supported  by  such  patrons, 
he  easily  obtained  from  Jean  Filesac, 
Rector  of  the  University  of  Paris,  the 
permission  to  teach  philosophy :  and 
he  would  have  been  enrolled,  it  is 
said,  among  the  titular  professors  if 
he  had  consented,  to  go  to  mass.  He 
made  quick  and  ample  use  of  the  pri- 
vilege conferred  on  him.  The  more 
daring,  distinct,  direct,  the  indivi- 
duality of  a  man,  the  leus  he  has  to  care 
about  the  originality  of  his  ideas;  audit 
is  moral  plagiarism,  more  than  intellect 
tual  plagiarism — borrowing  our  neigh- 
bour s  character,  more  than  borrowing 
his  thoughts — which  is  condemnable. 
It  was  the  man  in  Bruno  which  made 
the  philosopher,  the  orator,  the  pro- 
phet interesting.     An  iron  pertmacity 


134 


Oiordano  Bruno. 


[Feb. 


of  will  whose  onset  was  irresistible — 
an  intrepidity  which  nothing  could 
daunt— tnese  were  what  seized  the  ear 
and  the  eye  before  his  manifold  mental 
faculties  and  resources  came  into  full 
play.  In  all  things  we  conquer  first 
by  courage,  though  something  else  may 
be  necessary  to  maintain  the  conquest. 
Before  astonishing  the  Parisians  by  his 
electric  rapidities,  his  unrivalled  fer- 
tilities of  brain,  Giordano  had  already 
dominated  them  by  the  pith  and  gleam 
of  his  valour.  Was  what  he  spake 
new  ?  was  it  true  ?  They  could  not 
say  ;  but  how  bold  was  the  speaker  ! 
He  addressed  audiences,  as  delighted 
as  excited,  on  the  logic  of  Raymond 
Lulli,  on  the  astronomical  system  of 
Copernicus,  and  on  a  kind  of  theo- 
sophy,  partly  the  creature  of  his  own 
mystical  visions,  and  partly  the  reju- 
venescence of  neo-Platonic  specula- 
tions. Two  great  mythologists  of  mo- 
dern times,  Zoega  and  Creuzer,  have 
vindicated  the  neo-Platonists  of  Alex- 
andria as  pregnant  and  trustworthy 
sources  of  mythological  observation. 
Their  vindication  seems  not  less  neces- 
sary as  the  exponents  of  religious  and 
philosophical  principles  which,  if  not 
so  organically  complete,  ideally  beau- 
tiful, and  artistically  perfect  as  Plato^s, 
had  a  more  varied  meaning,  a  richer 
suggestiveness,from  living  contact  with 
the  East,  with  Christianity,  and  with 
that  freshness  and  force  which  the  bar- 
barians squandered  amid  the  decrepi- 
tudes of  Roman  civilization  from  the 
depths  of  their  forests.  To  vindicate 
the  neo-Platonists  of  Alexandria  would 
be  to  vindicate  Giordano  Bruno,  for 
he  was  but  a  neo-Platonist  of  another 
clime  and  another  age,  at  once  as  out- 
rageously rationalistic  and  as  pro- 
foundly mystical.  It  was  probably 
less  his  mystical  beliefs  than  his  ration- 
alistic attitude  which  impressed  the 
Parisians.  When  arraying  the  sub- 
limest  theories  in  the  most  gorgeous 
poetical  symbols,  he  would  seem  to 
them  little  else  than  a  visionary  ;  but 
at  the  clangor  of  his  onslaught  on  the 
scholastics  and  their  Grand  Lama  Aris- 
totle, their  hearts  beat  high  and  strong, 
as  at  a  charge  of  pikemcn.  Giordano 
had  a  black  and  kindling  eye,  as  elo- 
auent  as  his  speech.  His  features, 
aelicate  and  fine,  were  distinguished 
by  extraordinary  beauty ;  his  massive 
brow,  of  antique  mould,  concealed  half 


its  strength  and  all  its  sternness  by  the 
melancholy  that  hun^  round  it;  his 
countenance  was  pensive  as  that  of  a 
woman,  till  some  sudden  impulse,  some 
mighty  revealing  of  the  gospel  within, 
made  it  flash  with  the  determination 
of  a  Titan's,  who  scorns  to  yield  though 
transfixed  by  arrows  and  crushed  by 
rocks;  his  accent  was  passionate,  as 
befitted  the  warmth  of  his  enthusiasm, 
and  the  rushing  crowd  of  his  inspira- 
tions. He  showed  his  consummate  art 
by  the  manner  in  which  he  could  cast 
aside  all  art,  and  trample  hot  into  the 
innermost  soul  through  its  most  for- 
midable entrenchment  of  prejudices. 
Quitting  ever  and  anon  the  vehe- 
mence, the  fury  of  the  prophet's  tone, 
he  would  pour  forth  Keenest  irony, 
playful  wit,  and  still  more  playful 
fancies,  nor  disdain,  if  some  absurdity 
could  thereby  be  rendered  more  ab- 
surd, the  gesticulation  and  the  lan- 
guage of  the  buffoon,  tossing  into 
strange  commixture  sacred  associa- 
tions and  allusions  and  examples  drawn 
from  the  most  ordinary  occurrences 
and  the  most  vulgar  customs.  Then 
would  he  ascend  with  one  enormous 
bound  from  this  low  region  to  the 
empyrean,  glittering  with  its  count- 
less starry  glories,  which  he  had  for  a 
moment  left.  But,  just  in  the  measure 
that  his  audiences  were  enchanted, 
were  priests,  traditionalists,  and  pha- 
risees  of  every  description  offended. 
He  had  again  to  seek  a  place  of  refuge, 
and  he  found  it  in  England. 

Here  he  remained  from  1583  till 
1585.  The  French  ambassador,  Michel 
de  Castelnau,  aspired  to  the  twofold 
honour  of  shield  of  the  persecuted  and 
patron  of  all  the  liberal  arts.  He 
gave  Giordano  the  most  friendly  greet- 
mg,  and  introduced  him  to  some  of 
England's  most  notable  men.  Gior- 
dano was  presented  at  court,  and  was 
not  the  less  welcome  there  for  com- 
paring Elizabeth  to  Diana,  and  for 
discovering  united  in  her  the  beauty 
of  Cleopatra  and  the  genius  of  Semi- 
ramis.  Liberty  was  granted  him  to 
teach  at  Oxford.  Immediately  his 
voice  is  raised  there  with  all  its  pro- 
digious fluency  and  most  adventurous 
rashness  against  Aristotle,  to  whom 
Oxford  still  clung  with  characteristic 
conservatism.  Oxford,  however,  con- 
cealed her  anger  at  the  agitator  when 
she  saw  him  made  an  object  of  special 


1853-1 


Giardniio  Bruno, 


135 


distinction  by  her  Chancel  lor,  Leicester, 
when  OH  a  visit.  In  several  of  the  eul- 
leges  learned  fetes  were  celebrated  on 
the  occasion,  m  which  Giordano  Bruno 
held  a  con8|jicuons  ligure.  A  grand 
duel  of  word:*  was  Ibufjht  between 
him  and  a  learned  doctor^  Giordano 
defended   the   Coper nican   astronomy 

1^  gainst  tlie  older  sjsteins,  by  which 
Oxford  valiantly  stood.  The  doctor 
waa  signallj  defeated,  Oxford  had 
smull  appetite  for  any  of  Bruno's  para- 
doxes; biit»  when  he  bej^an  to  pro- 
pound Home  Pythagorean  tbeoriea  on 
the  soul  and  ila  i»*niortality,  Oxford 
turned  agiunst  him  with  a  very  potent 
snarly  which,  threiitening  to  deepen 
into  a  growl — always  something  serious 
in  Englitsb  mouths — Giordano  seized, 
as  he  had  iilready  so  oHen  seized,  the 
staff  of  the  pil^iin. 

Whither  wjiij   he   now  to   turn  his 
weary  feet  ?      Paris  had  not  lost  its 

"  liscination  for  him,  nor  had  he  for- 
gotten his  first  success  and  popularity 
"here.  Paris  therefore  became  his  re- 
dden ce  in  J 585.  But,  either  because 
be  was  Jess  a  wonder  or  more  a  terror 

Fihan  he  had  been  before,  he  bade  tickle 
Paris  for  ever  farewell  in  15S6.  lie 
had  now  taught  in  his  native  Italy,  in 
Switzerland,  in  France,  and  in  Eng- 
ftnd.  The  birth-place  and  home  of 
the  Reformation  still  remained,  to  visit 
and  jaerchance  to  vanquish*     His  stay 

^•t  iiarburji  was  brief,   the  rector  of 

he  university  forbidding  him  to  teach. 

Wittenberg  proved  more  tolerant  and 

hospitable.     There   he    unfolded    his 

^|>hilosophical  doctrines  from  1586  till 
15H8.  Grateful  for  the  freedom  which 
Wittenberg  allowed  him,  he  praised 
that  city  ivsi  the  Athens  of  Germany  ; 
but,  though  he  seized  every  opportunity 
to  abuse  the  Pope  and  to  swell  the  fame 
of  Luther,  he  made  no  profession  of 
otestantisni.  The  comprehensive- 
ness of  his  mind,  equally  with  the  in- 
lependenee  of  his  character,  hindered 
'yiordano  Bruno  from  being  a  partisan. 
TTct  without  becoming  the  hottest  of 
partisans  he  could  not  long  be  accepta- 
ble to  Protestants-  Whether  from  this 
cause  or  Bimply  from  his  feverish  rest- 
lessness, he  exchanged  in  1588  Wit- 
tenberg for  Prague.  In  1589  we  find 
bira  in  llelmstadt,  where  the  Duke  of 
Brunswick  entrusted  him  with  the  edu- 
cation of  the  heir  to  the  crown,  and  in 
1591  at  Frankfort  on  the  Maine.     He 


spent  altogether  six  years  in  Germany, 
a  Cain  and  a  coni|ueror  by  turns,  the 
vilci*t  of  vagabonds  to  those  who  had 
not  the  eye  to  see  the  nobleness  of  his 
nature  and  the  wealth  and  majesty  of 
his  intellect. 

The  rashest  of  rash  deeds  in  a  life 
abounding  with  most  perilous  temeri- 
ties was  Giordano  Bruno's  return  to 
Italy  in  ltji>2.  The  main  motive  for 
this  reckless  action  is  conjuetured  to 
have  been  a  fit  of  home  sickness, 
an  irresiatible  longing  for  Italy  the 
beautiful*  Terrible  was  the  price  he 
had  to  pay  ibr  thus  daring  to  claim  his 
heritage  of  Italy's  aunshine.  As  if 
more  thoroughly  to  exasperate  his  foes 
and  to  facilitate  their  schemes  of  ven- 
geance, he  selected  Padua  to  reside  in, 
which  was  famous  for  its  championship 
of  that  peripatetic  philosophy  which  he 
had  always  so  furiously  attacked.  The 
loquisition  at  Venice  did  not  allow  him 
time  to  be  guilty  of  any  fresh  offence 
agiiinst  Aristotle  or  the  Church,  la 
September  1592  the  father  inquisitor 
of  that  city  caused  Bruno  to  be  ap- 
prehended and  placed  in  one  of  tne 
prisons  which  the  Venetian  govcm- 
nient  put  at  the  disposal  of  the  holy 
office.  The  arrest  was  immediately 
communicated  to  San  Scverina,  the 
grand  inquisitor  at  Rome,  who  com- 
manded that  he  should  be  sent  thither 
by  a  safe  escort  as  early  as  possible. 
On  the  28th  of  the  same  month  the 
father  inquisitor,  along  with  one  or 
two  other  ecclesiastical  dignitaries, 
presented  himself  before  the  Council 
of  Venice  to  solicit  his  extradition, 
alleging  that  the  man  was  not  only  a 
heretic  but  a  heresiarch ;  that  be  had 
composed  numerous  works  in  which 
he  had  warmly  praised  the  Queen  of 
England,  and  other  heretical  princes ; 
that  he  had  written  divers  things  con- 
trarj  to  faith  ;  that  he  was  an  apostate, 
having  first  been  a  Dominican ;  that 
he  had  lived  a  number  of  years  at 
Geneva  and  in  England  ;  that  prose- 
cutions had  been  instituted  against 
him  on  these  grounds  at  Naples  and 
other  places.  The  council  refused, 
stating  that,  the  matter  being  mo- 
mentous and  deserving  consideration, 
and  the  affairs  of  tlie  Republic  being 
numerous  and  weighty,  no  resolution 
couM  at  that  time  be  adont^d.  The 
result  of  this  reply  was  tfa^A  Giordano 
was  left  to  pine  for  six  years  in  the 


1S6 


Giordano  Bruno 


gloom  of  a  Venetian  dungeon»  less 
tortured  by  the  dread  of  hia  fate  than 
by  the  silence  and  inaction  u-bieb  must 
ha¥*3  been  bo  terrible  to  a  tongue  so 
eloquent,  to  limbs  so  active  and  ener- 
getic, tf>  a  soul  80  fiery.  Probably, 
however  it  was  a  merciful  motive  that 
induced  the  Venetian  government  to 
keep  iiini  in  prison,  lie  nngbt  thus 
escape  the  deadly  vengeance  of  the  In- 
uui;sition*  But  when  does  an  imiuisittir 
forget  ?  Some  of  ilie  bloodiest,  some 
of  the  basest  deeda,  which  have  stjiiued 
and  wounded  Italy  have  been  done 
by  fcjDiiniards.  San  Severina  was  a 
Spaniard,  and  he  had  not  for  a  moment 
lost  sight  of  hh  prey.  On  bis  rept^ated 
and  urgent  application  to  the  Council 
of  Venice,  Giordano  whs  surrendered 
to  his  ravenous  grasp,  and  conveyed  to 
Rome  in  1598.  After  two  more  years 
of  lingering  wretchedness  in  a  Roman 
prison,  the  martyr  was  dragged  from 
Uis  cell  to  be  insulted  by  the  farce  of 
a  trial.  He  was  aakud  to  declare  bis 
opinions  erroneous,  bis  works  impious 
aad  absurd,  false  in  religion  and  in 
philosophy — in  short,  to  make  recantii* 
tion  on  every  point.  The  foremost 
theologians  of  llome  were  brought 
forward  to  convince  him»  He  did  not 
refuse  freely  to  dii<ciiss,  but  he  would 
not  stir  a  liair  s  breadth  from  his  in* 
flexible  position.  On  the  9th  of 
February,  IGOt),  be  was  conducted  to 
the  palace  of  San  Severina.  There,  in 
the  presence  of  cardinals,  inquisitors, 
and  the  governor  of  Home,  he  was  made 
by  force  to  kneel  while  his  sentence 
waa  road.  After  being  degraded  from 
his  order,  and  excommunicated,  be  was 
condemned  to  be  punished  as  clemently 
as  poaitible,  and  without  the  eifusion 
of  blood,  which  was  the  customary  and 
diabolical  euphemism  of  the  Inquisi- 
tion for  the  mo5t  atrocious  of  acts. 
When  he  heard  the  sentence,  he  said, 
wit!i  grandest  serenity,  "  Perbape  this 
sentence  gives  you  more  alarm  than  it 
gives  to  me."   Eight  days  were  granted 


[Feb. 


him  for  the  confession  of  his  crimes: 
but  he  Imd  no  crime  to  confess,  except 
that  of  having  served  his  God  and 
truth  as  a  brave  man  should.  On  the 
17th  February,  with  osteotatiuus  pomp, 
he  was  led  iuith  to  glut  the  greedy 
flames,  which  were  less  cruel  than  the 
countless  priestly  eyes  that  were  gazing 
with  fiendish  exultation  on  a  spectacle 
at  once  so  infamous  and  so  glorious. 
Neither  priestly  hate  nor  torturing 
fire  couhl  wring  from  bim  a  groan, 
convulse  his  heroic  face,  shatter  his 
adamantine  will.  His  sjiirit  passed  to 
the  mighty  Father^g  bosom  with  a 
saintly  calm  that  left  iu  stamp  on  a 
forehead  radiant  with  intrepidity  and 
with  genius. 

Giordano  Bruno  wrote  numerous 
works  in  Italian  and  in  Latin.  The 
I  tab  an  works  appenred  in  a  collected 
form  at  Leipsic  in  1H30.  This  edition, 
consisting  of  two  volumes,  contains 
the  only  portrait  of  the  author  which 
we  have  seen,  and  we  have  seldom 
been  so  deeply  interested  and  im- 
pressed by  a  human  countenance* 
Gfroerer  began  at  Stuttgart  in  1 834, 
but  we  know  not  whether  he  com- 
pleted, an  edition  of  Bruno's  Lat^n 
works  in  his  Corpus  Philosophorum. 
A  life  of  the  philosopher  was  published 
in  1846  at  Paris,  W  Bartholmcas,  in 
two  volumes.  Giordfano  was  f>oet,  sa- 
tirisl,  dramatist,  as  well  as  an  original 
thinker,  and  explorer,  and  retbrmer  in 
metaphysics,  logic,  and  science.  What- 
ever place  the  historian  of  literature, 
or  the  historian  of  philosophy,  may 
allot  him,  concerns  our  present  pur- 
pose little.  For  the  mystical  neo- 
Platouie  faith  of  Bruno,  for  the  stern 
Catvinistic  faith  of  the  Scottish  Cove- 
nanter, we  may  have  equal  distaste : 
in  each  case,  however,  we  look  through 
the  faith  to  the  faithful  who  swell  that 
cloud  of  witnesses  which  imparts  hope 
and  strength  to  humanity.* 

Frahcis  Hah  well. 


*  Readers  desirooi  of  nscertAinitig  the  particular  ojilnions  of  Gimrdano  Bruno  may 
convult  Bftyle  lad  Hal  Lam's  I  a  trod.  ii.  146,  ed.  1839. 


137 


NOTICES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  INDIANS. 

[After  ScbooIcrHft,  Hall,  and  M^Kenoey,  it  is  $c»mewb&t  difficult  to  add  anytbiog 
positively  new  to  tbe  history  of  the  Red  Tribes  of  America.  But  the  following  brief 
•*  Notices"  may  be  acct'}»tnble  ax  the  result  of  an  cfirlier  inquirer  into  the  subject,  and 
BA  addiug  some  partiruUra  to  what  k  already  known.  They  are  derived  from  a  letter 
(hitherto,  so  far  aa  we  are  aware,  fioul'med  to  MS.)  written  by  Dr,  Massie,  of  America, 
to  Dr.  Thomas  Brown,  Professor  of  Moral  Philoiophy  in  the  University  of  Edioburgh^ 
dated  Ricbmoad,  Virgi0ia,  March  7tb,  1810.] 


WTIEN  we  parted  in  tbe  spring  of 
18CHj  m  Eilinbur^^b,  I  expected  to  have 
written  to  you  ire(piently  before  tliiH 
tinie^  auU  to  have  ^iven  you  some  in- 
terest in;:^  information  on  the  suliject  of 
our  Indian  tribes,  as  I  knew  they  had 
excited  your  eunoaity;  and,  indeed, 
when  I  lefl  Europe  I  entertaine<l  the 
wish  and  tbe  hope  of  devoting  a  part 
of  mv  future  life  to  literary  and  philo- 
sophical pursuits.  Could  I  hjive  done 
»o»  an  impiiry  into  tbe  manners,  cus- 
toms, and  character  of  the  Indian  na- 
tions on  the  western  border  of  the 
United  States  would  huve  occupied  a 
portion  of  my  time  ;  hut  a  variety  of 
causes^  which  1  need  not  mention,  im- 
k  periuiislj  impelleKl  me  to  change  my 
'  riews.  I  have  nevertheless^  avsiiled 
l\nyself  of  every  opportunity  to  collect 
I  Information  eoncerning  tbe  Indiiini?, 
I^hich  a  residence  of  about  twt^lve 
[lontba  in  the  frontier  Htate  of  Ohio  in 
"Bome  measure  facilitated. 

With  tbe  tribes  who  inhabit  the 
western  parts  of  Teneasee  and  (reorgia, 
and  who  are  most  civilised,  consider- 
able tntcrcoui-se  is  held  by  the  wliite 
opie.  Traders  who  return  from 
)rleans  to  Kentucky  by  land  pass 
through  their  country,  and  often  stop 
to  refresh  tbemselvcs  among  them. 
An  accjuainianee  told  me  that  on  his 
pwturn  fi-om  Orleans  he  stayed  some 
days  at  the  house  of  a  CVeet  chief  on 
the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  who  was 
comfortably  fixed.  He  had  a  black- 
ailh's  ^hop  where  tnivellers'  horses 
rere  shod.  He  cultivated  a  consider- 
able tract  of  land  in  Indian  corn  bv 
tht»  hands  of  negroes  whom  he  owned, 
and  kept  a  ferry.  For  every  bushel 
of  corn  he  sold,  for  every  horee  he 
shod,  and  for  every  passage  across  the 
river,  he  received  one  dollar*  He  lived 
in  a  good  house  two  storiea  high» 
built  of  wood,  and  furuished  afler  the 
iiDanner  of  the  white  people.  His  only 
*    GisKT.  Mao.  Vol.-  XXXIX. 


child  was  a  girl  about  eighteen  years 
old,  who  had  been  educated  in  one  of 
the  American  towns.  She  spoke  and 
read  the  English  language.  Mr.  Trigg, 
my  informer,  was  supplied  with  books 
by  her  during  his  stay  there  to  amuse 
himself  with — -I  think  they  were  novels. 
Her  fitther  is  anxious  that  she  should 
marry  a  reftpec table  white  man,  and  in 
the  event  of  such  an  alliance  prom i sea 
a  portion  of  twenty  thousand  doilars 
with  her. 

The  Creeks,  Cherokees*  and  Chicka- 
saws  are  anxious  to  become  citizens  of 
the  United  States,  and  to  be  governeii 
by  the  same  laws.  These  three  na- 
tions are  njaking  considerable  jirogreas 
in  civilisation.  The  tribes  who  inhabit 
our  western  frontier  from  Louisiana  to 
the  lake^^,  are  still  hunters,  and  perhaps 
more  barbarous  than  they  were  filly 
years  ago,  as  ardent  spirits  have  be- 
come more  abundant  among  them,  and, 
except  in  debauchery,  their  manners 
have  undergone  little  change.  I  have 
been  informed  by  a  very  intelligent 
man,  a  great  part  of  whose  early  life  was 
spent  on  the  frontiers,  who  often  fought 
agaiuiit  tbe  Indians,  and  who  baa  for  the 
last  thirty  years  been  more  or  less  con- 
versant with  them,  that  the  number  of 
assassinations  which  have  been  per- 
petrated among  the  tribes  between 
Lake  ^lichigan  and  Louisiana,  during 
the  la^t  ten  or  twelve  yeara,  has  lieen 
estimated  by  their  own  chiefs  at  aVjout 
1000  n-year-  These  murders  always 
occur  when  tbe  parties  are  intoxi- 
cated, and,  unless  the  women  use  the 
precaution  to  hide  their  arms,  they 
never  fail  to  fight  with  them  when  they 
get  drunk. 

Two  years  ago  I  spent  a  «horl  timd 
In  the  company  of  a  party  of  Dehiwarsi 
they  were  on  their  way  to  a  hunling- 
grounil,  attended  by  their  wives  and 
children,  and  were  all  mounted  on 
small  and  lean  horses.  The  men  rode 
T 


138 


Notices  of  the  American  Indians. 


[Feb. 


alone  with  their  rifles  on  their  shoulders, 
the  women  carried  their  children  before 
and  behind  them,  besides  pots  and 
skillets  for  the  purpose  of  dressing  the 
meat.  Their  dress  appeared  to  be  more 
comfortable  than  what  I  had  been  ac- 
customed to  see  when  I  was  a  boy,  but 
in  every  other  respect  their  manners 
appeared  to  have  undergone  no  change. 
Ihe  legs  and  thighs  of  the  men  were 
covered  with  an  article  of  dress  re- 
sembling the  pantaloon;  the  upper 
part  of  the  body  was  covered  with  a 
shirt,  and  wrapped  in  a  blanket.  The 
women  rode  after  the  manner  of  the 
whites,  and  were  wrapped  in  blankets. 
All  that  I  saw  were  ugly — an  ugliness 
more  the  result  of  hardships  I  thought 
than  of  natural  structure,  because 
many  of  the  men  were  handsome  and 
all  well  formed — a  contrast  that  could 
arise  only  from  the  superior  firmness 
of  the  male  constitution,  and  its  greater 
ability  to  bear  the  hardships  of  the 
savage  life. 

Last  winter  I  spent  a  night  in  com- 
pany with  two  Potowatamac  chiefs  on 
the  Alleghany  Mountains.  They  were 
dressed  in  new  blue  cloth,  and  were 
very  handsome  men.  One  slept 
whilst  the  other  watched,  and  they  re- 
lieved each  other  frequently  in  the 
course  of  the  night.  As  we  did  not 
understand  the  language  of  each  other, 
very  little  conversation  took  place 
between  us,  and  that  by  signs. 

The  Little  Turtle,  whose  sagacity  is 
well  known  in  this  country,  avowing 
his  conviction  that  a  nation  of  hunters 
could  never  equal  in  power  or  in  num- 
bers a  people  who  cultivated  the  earth, 
endeavoured  to  introduce  agriculture 
among  his  tribe,  which  is  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  lakes.  For  this  pur- 
pose he  set  the  example  in  having  a 
house  built  for  himself,  procuring 
cattle  and  some  of  the  implements  of 
husbandry :  but  the  jealousy  of  the 
Indians  was  roused ;  they  said  he 
wanted  to  make  them  work  like  the 
white  men.  They  shot  his  cattle,  and 
threatened  to  kill  him  if  he  did  not 
desist  from  his  attempt  to  introduce 
the  manners  of  the  whites  among  them. 
He  was  compelled  to  relinquish  his 


design,  and  has  lost  his  authority  in  a 
great  measure  by  the  attempt. 

A  prophet  has  within  a  few  years 
appeared,  among  the  north-western 
Indians,  whose  influence  is  said  to  be 
very  great.  At  a  future  period  I  can 
inform  you  of  some  interesting  facts 
relative  to  this  man.  But  whilst  on 
the  subject  of  superstition  I  must  give 
you  an  account  of  the  death  of  an 
Indian  named  Thunder,  as  the  account 
is  on  very  good  authority,  and  is  in 
itself  quite  singular. 

Dr.  Nicholas,  a  man  of  respectable 
character  in  Kentucky,  in  the  pre- 
sence of  a  gentleman  of  high  character 
in  that  state  who  vouched  for  the 
truth  of  the  statement,  informed  me 
that  he  set  out  from  Louisville  in 
Kentucky  with  a  party  of  Indians  who 
were  on  their  way  to  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington. Thunder,  who  was  among 
them,  had  a  terrapin  shell  carved  by 
himself,  in  which  he  carried  his  tobacco. 
When  they  reached  Lexington,  a 
gentleman  who  resided  there,  seeing 
the  box  in  Thunder's  hand,  requested 
permission  to  look  at  it,  which  was 
granted ;  being  pleased  with  the  cu- 
riosity, he  offered  to  purchase  it,  which 
Thunder  refused.  The  man  persisted 
in  his  application  and  offered  two 
dollars  for  the  box.  At  length  Thunder, 
wearied  with  his  importunity,  told  him 
in  a  very  angry  manner  that  he  might 
have  the  box,  but  that  he  would  not 
take  anything  for  it.  As  soon  as  the 
box  was  accepted  Thunder  told  one 
of  his  companions  that  he  should  die 
on  the  fifth  day  following,  for  he  had  , 
given  away  his  life.  The  interpreter 
observed  to  Dr.  Nicholas  who  was  pre- 
sent that  the  Indians  were  very  su- 
perstitious, for  that  Thunder  supposed 
that  in  giving  away  that  box  he  had 
given  away  his  life.  The  next  day  the 
party  continued  their  iourney  and  pro- 
ceeded until  the  fifth  evening,  when 
they  encamped  within  five  miles  of 
Chilicothe.  During  this  time  all  the 
party  had  remained  well.  About  ten 
o'clock  at  night  Dr.  Nicholas  was  in- 
formed that  Thunder  was  in  convul- 
sions, and  the  next  morning  he  found 
him  dead. 


Edinburgh, 


A.  B.  G. 


139 


THE  BARONESS  D'OBERKIRCH  AND  CITIZEN  MERCIER. 


JF  it  were  possible  tliat  the  vexed 
|iirit  of  the  abovc-DameU  illustrious 
lailj  could  be  conscious  that  ber  very 
Boble  mime  could  have  been  inin<Tled 
with  tbiit  of  a  common  tfoitrgeois  her 
indignation  would  be  most  intense* 
Had  she  ever  relleeted  that  her  keep* 
,  ing  a  diary  would  have  nmile  of  her  a 
member  of  the  republic  of  letters,  she 
would  have  died  rather  than  have  be- 
longed to  such  a  commonwealth.  The 
Baronesif  was  one  of  a  class  whose 
numbera  were  great  and  whose  in- 
Haence  was  unbounded.  Their  sym- 
pathies were  given  only  to  aristocratic 
sufferers;  royalty  they  adored;  the 
democracy  they  despised ;  and  the 
very  fine  ladies  of  the  class  in  question 
would*  generally  speaking,  have  pre- 
ferred ^/aitx  pa  It  with  a  prince  to  con- 
tracting honest  marriage  with  an  in- 
lerlor. 

The  Baroness  D'Oberkirch  is  a  type 
ratbi-r  of  the  follies  than  of  the  vices 
of  the  class,  for  having  made  her  a 
member  of  which  she  prettily  offered 

j  her  beist  coiiipliuicnts  to  Heaven.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  a  poor  Alsatian 
Varon,  whose  shield  had  more  quarter- 
ings  than  it  is  worth  while  to  remem- 
ber. Early  in  life  she  married  a  noble 
gentleman,  old  enough  to  be  her  father, 
and  her  best  years  were  consumed  in 
performing  the  functions  of  lady-in- 
waiting  at  the  court  of  the  Duke  of 
W  urtemberg  at  Montbeliard,  in  visiting 
the  more  attractive  court  at  Versailles, 
and  in  chronicling  what  she  saw,  and 

I  registering  what  she  thought. 

The  diary  which  she  kept^  and  sub- 

Ifequently  enlarged,  has  been  recently 

bubmitted  to  the  public.  It  introduces 
us  to  the  court  and  capital  of  France 
during  the  closing  years  of  the  reign  of 
Louis  XVL  It  is  interesting,  as 
shewing  us  both  how  the  court  acted 
and  how  the  capital  thereon  «om- 
mentetl ;  how  the  lady  profoundly  ad- 
mired all  the  former  dnl,  tind  as  pro- 
foundly despised  all  the  thought 
devoted   thereto  by  the  r/tnaille^  who 

rjiad  no  claim  to  stand  upon  red-heeled 

Hhoes,  or  to  sit  down  on  a  tabvurei  in 

'the  face  of  royalty. 

Now  while  this  illustriouB  kdy  was 


taking  noies^  which  her  grandson  has 
printed,  a  citizen  was  fiimilarly  occu* 
pied;  aiid,hitd  the  Countess  been  aware 
of  the  circumstance,  the  impertinence 
of  the  commoner  would  have  been 
soundly  rated  by  the  lady -in- waiting* 
The  notes  of  the  SouTgeois  were  com- 
mitted to  the  press  three  quarters  of  a 
century  ago;  those  of  the  *^Barone8a- 
CountcBa "  have  only  just  seen  the 
light,*  The  evidence  of  two  such  op- 
posite witnesses  i:*  worth  comparing  ; 
but  the  book  of  the  lady  will  be  ten- 
fatham  deep  in  Lethe  when  men  will 
be  still  addressing  themselves  with 
pleasure  to  the  pages  of  Citizen  Mer- 
cier. 

Louis  Sebastian  MercieT  was  a  Pa- 
risian, born  in  the  year  1740,  He  had 
not  yet  attained  his  majority  when  he 
opened  his  literary  career  by  poetical 
compositions  in  the  style  of  Pope's 
"  Heloise  to  Abelard."  Upon  pcet^, 
however,  he  soon  looked  as  lie  subse- 
quently did  upon  kings,  and  speedily 
addressed  himself  exctiisively  to  works 
m  prose.  Macine  and  Boileau,  ac- 
cording to  him,  had  ruined  the  hai'- 
mony  of  French  verse,  and  he  hence- 
forward considered  that  if  such  har- 
mony were  to  be  found  at  all,  it  was 
in  hia  own  prose.  He  became  Pro- 
fessor of  Rlietoric  in  the  college  at 
Bordeaux,  and  was  rather  a  prolific 
than  a  successful  dramatic  author. 
He  threw  the  blame  alike  on  the 
vitiated  taBte  of  actors  and  public^  and, 
shaking  the  dust  off  his  sandals  against 
theatres  and  capital,  he  hastened  to 
\{  he  tins,  wi  th  the  intention  of  practising 
the  law,  in  order  to  be  better  enabled 
to  apply  its  rigours  against  the  stage 
managers  who  had  deprived  him  of 
hie  "  free -ad  missions."  In  1771  he 
printed  hia  *^  L*An  2440,  ou  Rcve  s'il 
en  fut  jamais,'*  a  ratlier  clever  piece 
of  extravagance,  which  was  imitated  in 
England,  half  a  century  luter,  by  the 
author  of*' The  Mummy."  In  1781  he 
published  anonymou.^ly  the  first  two 
volumes  of  his  famous  Tableau  dePariit, 
He  was  disappointed  that  hia  labour 
was  not  deemed  worthy  of  notice  by 
the  police  authorities,  and  be  retireu, 
somewhat  in  disgust,  to  Switzerland, 


*  The  Baronesfi  d'Obcrkirch's  Memoirs.     Londooi  1652.    3  toIs.  8 to. 


140 


The  Baroness  D*Oberkirch  and  Citizen  Mercier,        [Feb. 


where  he  completed  a  work  which  has 
b^n  far  more  highly  esteemed  abroad 
than  in  France,  and  which  even  there 
enjoyed  a  greater  reputation  in  the 
provinces  than  in  Paris.  In  it  he 
shewed  himself  a  better  sketcher  of 
what  lay  before  him  than  a  discerner 
of  what  was  beneath  the  surface  ;  and 
he  spoke  of  the  impossibility  of  a  revo- 
lution in  France  only  a  year  before 
that  revolution  broke  out.  When  the 
storm  burst  in  fury  he  claimed  the 
honours  due  to  a  magician  who  had 
provoked  the  tempest.  He  wrote  vi- 
gorously on  the  popular  side,  but — and 
to  his  lasting  honour  be  it  spoken — he 
broke  with  the  Jacobins,  when  he 
found  that  they  hoped  to  walk  to 
liberty  through  a  pathway  of  blood. 
He  voted  in  the  Convention  for  saving 
the  life  of  Louis  XVI.,  and  this  and 
other  offences  against  the  sons  of 
freedom,  whose  abiding-place  was  the 
Mountain,  caused  him  to  be  arrested, 
and  would  have  led  to  his  execution 
but  that  his  enemies  were  carried 
thither  before  him.  At  a  later  period 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
Five  Hundred,  and  made  himself  re- 
markable by  opposing  the  claims  set 
up  for  Descartes  for  admission  into 
the  French  Pantheon ;  and  he  also 
gained  the  approbation  of  all  rightly- 
thinking  men  for  taking  the  ^arae  ad- 
verse course  against  Voltaire,  of  whom 
he  truly  said  that  he  (Voltaire)  only 
attempted  to  overthrow  superstition 
by  undermining  morality.  His  in- 
vectives were  so  bitter  against  philo- 
sophy and  education  that  he  acquired 
the  surname  of  "the  Ape  of  Jean 
Jaccjues  I"  He  was  a  denouncer  of 
the  immoral  system  of  lotteries  until 
he  was  offered  the  lucrative  place  of 
"controller-general"  of  that  gambling 
department.  "  All  men,"  said  he,  by 
way  of  apology  for  his  inconsistency, 
"  ail  men  are  authorised  to  live  at  the 
expense  of  the  enemy  ;"  a  maxim  un- 
sound in  itself,  and  here  altogether 
misapplied.  Towards  the  end  of  the 
century  he  was  appointed  to  the  pro- 
fessorship of  history  in  the  central 
school  of  Paris,  from  the  labours  of 
which  post  he  found  relaxation  in 
various  literary  works,  among  others 
in  ridiculing  Condillac  and  Locke,  in 
laughing  at  Newton  as  a  plagiarist,  in 
denouncing  science  generally,  and  in 
maintaining  that  there  was  nothing  new 
under  the  sun,  and  that  all  novel  inven- 


tions were  in  truth  but  ancient  disco- 
veries. As  a  member  of  the  Institute 
he  put  the  assembly  into  a  condition 
of  profound  somnolency  by  reading  his 

Eonderous  paper  on  Cato  of  Utica,  and 
e  had  a  violent  quarrel  with  the  few 
who  had  remained  awake,  and  who 
wished  the  angry  author  to  put  an  end 
to  his  wearisome  discourse.  He  liked 
the  empire  as  little  as  he  had  loved 
royalty,  and  used  to  say  in  his  pleasant 
way  in  the  cafe  wherein  he  reigned 
supreme,  and  where  he  was  highly 
popular  and  ever  welcome,  that  he 
should  like  to  see  how  it  would  all 
end,  and  that  he  only  desired  to  live 
from  a  motive  of  simple  curiosity.  He 
did  live  just  long  enough  to  witness 
the  first  Restoration  of  1814,  having 
then  reached  the  age  of  74  years. 

Of  all  the  works  of  this  voluminous 
author  we  have  now  only  to  do  with 
his  famous  "  Tableau  de  Paris."  In 
this,  as  in  the  Memoirs  of  the  Baroness 
d*Oberkirch,  we  have  a  picture  of  what 
France  was  in  the  lifetime  of  many 
who  are  yet  living — a  picture  so  dif- 
ferent from  any  that  could  represent 
present  deeds,  their  actors,  or  the  very 
stage  on  which  they  play  out  their 
little  drama  of  intrigue  and  life,  that, 
though  to  many  it  represents  contem- 
porary history,  it  reads  like  romance, 
the  scene  of  which  is  in  a  far-off  land, 
and  the  incidents  too  improbable  to 
even  require  belief. 

Wide  apart  as  were  the  conditions, 
opposite  as  were  the  sympathies,  and 
also  the  antipathies,  of  the  Baroness 
and  the  Bourgeois,  their  respective 
testimony  conducts  to  but  one  con- 
clusion— that,  when  they  wrote,  the 
entire  social  state  of  France  was  rotten 
to  the  very  core.  The  nobles  were 
loyal  only  because  they  found  their  in- 
terests concerned  in  so  being ;  the 
commons  were  rebellious  of  spirit, 
and  careless  of  judgment  to  direct  it. 
Both  were  equally  debased.  All  were 
partizans,  none  were  patriots.  The 
very  priesthood  was  as  corrupt  in  the 
mass  as  the  multitude  of  the  people 
generally,  and  God  was  dethroned  in 
France  long  before  the  Goddess  of 
Reason  had  been  raised  on  the  dese- 
crated altars,  by  men  not  perhaps  so 
much  more  wicked  than  their  prede- 
cessors as  more  bold  in  their  wicked- 
ness. 

In  the  childhood  of  some  yet  living 
Paris   paid   to  the   King's  purse  one 


1850.]      The  Bareness  D*Oh^Tkirch  and  Citusen  Mervkr. 


141 


sec 

■  th« 

■  tlic 


I 


hundred  mtUioti  francs  yearly  in  duties. 
Tbe  citizens  grumbled,  and  when  the 
murmur  reached  Versailles  llie  fx)w- 
dered  beaux  were  wont  to  say  that 
"  the  froga  were  croakiog."  It  was 
alleged  in  return  agalnsit  tbo&e  very 
beaux  that  tke^  eonsiuiued  more  ilour 
\t\  hair-powder  than  would  feed  iiiaiiy 
scores  of  tlie  fstmlshed  fjimilies  of  the 
Cftpitab  InU>  tliLit  capilLil  the  Kiii^ 
Oever  entered  but  a  rise  occurred  in 
tbe  price  of  provii^ion^,  and  the  ^\\y 
thouBand  barber.'*  of  the  city  fanned 
into  Ibioie  the  indiguatinn  of  their  cus- 
4Qnierii  while  they  ijhaved  their  beards 

id  combed  their  perukes.  Let  what 
would  occur,  however,  the  court  was 
^er  i^ay.  Madame  d*Oberkirch  speaks 
of  the  cxpectuttons  of  triumph  held 
out  by  the  Count  d'Artois  when  he 
proceeded  to  the  ttlege  of  Gibndtar. 
Uis  fiiJure  was  vitiited  with  a  shower 
of  witty  epigi'ama.  "  Comment  va  le 
si^^e  ife  Gibrjdtar  ?  Asa  02  bien  it  se 
l0V€^  is  one  recorded  hy  Mercier, 
Madame  <!'  Oberkirch  telb  us  of 
AQoiher  made  by  the  defeated  Count 
Uiiniielf.  A  euurtier  wsiij  Uattering  him 
00  the  way  he  mana^^ed  hiii  batteries 
at  the  fatal  rock — '*  My  kitchen  buttery, 
particularly  !"  was  the  comment  of  the 
gastronomic  prince,  who  at  home  had 
four  servants  to  present  him  with  one 
cup  of  chocolate,  and  to  save  whose 
ears,  in  common  with  thot>e  of  the  King 
and  royal  family,  the  church  bell»  at 
Versailles  never  ranjr  a  peal  during  tlie 
residence  of  those  great  ones  of  t  he  earth 
within  the  walla  of  the  palace*  But 
Eliza  Bonaparte  shewed  even  greater 
sensitiveness  than  this.  When  in  Italy 
she  pulled  down  a  church  ndjoiiiin^ 
ber  palace,  on  the  plea  that  the  Pinell 
df  the  incense  made  her  sick,  and  that 
the  Qoise  of  the  organ  made  her  head 
iicbe. 

The  bourgeois  of  Versailles  were 
probably  less  democratic  than  those  of 
tbe  capital,  for  tradesmen  of  repute 
vied  with  each  other  in  purchasing  the 
dishes  that  came  untasted  from  the 
royal  table.  C^jmmoner  people  bought 
as  eagerly,  but  for  superstitious!  pur- 
poses, the  fat  of  the  dead  from  the 
executioner,  who  was  paid  eighteen 
thousand  francs  yearly  for  jmrfonning 
fats  terrible  duties.  The  executioner, 
ia  consetj^uence,  was  himself  something 
of  an  aristoerat.  lies  was  a  potentate 
and  was  well  paid*     He    kept  less 


llaniing  firea  on  his  hearth  perhaps, 
and  wore  less  fine  lineo,  than  t\m 
grave-digfjers, — a  class  whf>foaud  their 
fuel  in  coffins  and  who  wore  no  shirts 
but  such  as  they  could  steal  out  of 
aristtK'ratio  graves.  It  was  a  time 
when  lionesty  consisted  solely  in  being 
well-dressed.  Clerks  at  forty  pounds 
a  year,  says  Mercier,  walk  abroad  in 
velvet  coats  and  lace  frills,— hence  the 
proverb,  *'  Gold- laced  coat  uud  belly  of 
bran,"  As  long  as  aj^pearance  was 
maintained,  little  else  was  cared  for; 
but  even  the  twenty  thousand  in  the 
capital  who  professionally  existed  as 
*'di nets- out,"  might  have  taken  excep- 
tion to  the  custom  of  placing  carved 
fruits  and  wooden  joints  upon  other- 
wise scantily  furuishe<l  tables.  The 
wooden  pears  of  Australia  were  not 
then  known, — they  would  have  been 
the  fashionable  fruit  at  a  Parisian  ihs^ 
gert  in  the  year  1780.  There  waa 
another  fashion  of  the  day  that  was 
wittily  inveifjhed  against  by  the  priests; 
that  of  ladfes  wearing,  on  what  was 
called  their  *'  necks,"  a  cross  hcM  by 
the  dove,  typical  of  faith  by  the  Holy 
Ghost.  "  Why  suspend  such  syniboU 
on  your  Vjosoms?"  asked  the  ungallaiit 
churchmen,  *^ do  you  not  know  that 
the  cross  is  the  sj^n  of  mortification, 
anti  the  holy  spirit  that  of  virtuous 
thoughts?"  The  ladies  smiled,  and 
retained  the  insignia  till  all-powerful 
fashion  motioned  to  a  change.  And 
then  female  coteries  were  absorbed  in 
the  merits  of  the  resiiective  shades  of 
colour  implied  by  '*  dos  de  puce,"  op 
"  ventre"  of  the  same.  Our  ladies  have 
more  nicehj  retained  the  ntime  of  the 
animal  in  the  catalogue  of  colours, 
without  venturing  to  translate  it ;  but 
their  less  susceptible  sisters  aeroaa  the 
Channel  could,  under  the  old  mo- 
n»rchyi  and  even  under  the  empire, 
unblushingly  talk  of  their  sjitins,  using 
names  for  their  colours  wdiich  would 
have  e4illcd  up  a  blush  even  on  the 
brow  of  the  imperturbable  Dean  Swifl, 
If  small  delicacy  prevailed,  the  luxury 
was  astounding.  A  fermier  gmtfral 
was  served  by  twenty -four  valets  in 
livery,  and  never  less  than  six  "  women  " 
assisted  at  the  toilet  of  "  my  lady," 
Two  dozen  cooks  daily  excited  the 
palate  of  that  self-denying  priest  the 
Cardinal  de  Rohan,  while  his  emineucc'a 
very  ftK)tmen  looked  doubly  giiind  by 
appearing  like  ^^Tiddy  Bob,  with  ft 


AdH 


142 


TTie  Baroness  D'Oberkirch  and  Citizen  Mercier.        [Feb. 


watch  in  each  fob."  Gentlemen  then 
dined  in  their  swords,  eat  rapidly,  and 
hastened  from  table  when  it  suited 
them,  without  any  formal  leave-taking. 
This  was  felt  more  acutely  by  the 
cooks  than  by  the  ladies, — in  compli- 
ment to  whom  the  cavaliers  finally 
dropped  their  swords  and  assumed 
canes.  The  latter  came  in  when  the 
ladies  wore  such  high-heeled  shoes  that 
without  the  support  of  a  cane  it  was 
almost  impossible  to  walk.  The  gentle- 
men, with  "clouded  heads"  to  their 
canes,  tottered,  or  sauntered,  along  in 
company,  while  fans  were  furled  and 
snuff-boxes  carried,  according  to  the 
instructions  of  masters,  who  thundered 
through  Paris  in  gilded  chariots,  be- 
spattering the  philosophers,  mathemati- 
cians, and  linguists  that  plodded  basely 
by  them  on  foot.  "La  Robe  dine. 
Finance  soupe,"  is  a  saying  that  also 
illustrates  a  fashion  of  the  day.  Of 
fashion  at  court^ Madame  d'Oberkirch 
tells  us  that  at  presentations  the  King 
was  obliged  to  kiss  duchesses  and  the 
cousins  of  Kings,  but  not  less  noble 
persons.  Louis  XVI.  was  timid  in  the 
presence  of  ladies.  Marie- Antoinette 
was  ever  self-possessed,  whatever  might 
be  the  occasion.  It  was  etiquette  to 
'  kiss  the  edge  of  her  robe.  The  follow- 
ing is  highly  characteristic  of  the  stilted 
fashion  of  the  times. 

I  had  an  adventure  this  evening  that  at 
first  emharrassed  me  a  little,  but  from 
which  I  had  the  good  fortune  to  come  off 
with  honour.  I  wore  on  my  arm  a  very 
handsome  bracelet  that  had  been  given  me 
by  the  Countess  du  Nord  (wife  of  the 
Grand  Duke  Paul  of  Russia,  then  travel- 
ing under  the  title  of  Count  du  Nord),  and 
the  value  of  which  was  greatly  enhanced 
to  me  by  having  her  portrait  in  its  centre. 
The  Queen  noticed  it,  and  asked  me  to 
show  it  her.  I  immediately  opened  my 
fan,  to  present  the  bracelet  on  it  to  her 
Majesty,  according  to  etiquette.  This  is 
the  only  occasion  on  which  a  lady  can  open 
her  fan  before  the  Queen.  My  fan,  which 
was  of  ivory,  and  wrought  like  the  most 
delicate  lace,  was  not  able  to  bear  the 
weight  of  the  bracelet,  which  sank  through 
it  to  the  ground.  I  was  in  a  very  awkward 
position.  The  Queen's  hand  was  held 
out,  and  I  felt  that  every- eye  was  on  me; 
but  I  think  that  I  got  out  of  the  dilemma 
very  well,— I  stooped,  which  was  very 
painful  with  my  stiff  petticoat,  and,  pick- 
ing up  the  bracelet,  immediately  presented 
it  to  her  Majesty,  saying,  •*  Will  the  Queen 
have  the  goodness  to  forget  me,  and  think 


only  of  the  Grand  Duchess  ?"  The  Queen 
smiled  and  bowed ;  and  everybody  ad- 
mired my  presence  of  mind. 

When  we  read  of  such  delicate 
homage  as  this  paid  to  the  divinity  that 
hedged  the  Queen,  we  can  more  fully 
sympathize  with  her  in  her  fall  when 
she,  who  had  been  so  daintilv  wor- 
shipped, was  unceasingly  watched  in 
her  dungeon  by  the  coarsest  of  men, 
and  who  was  dragged  to  execution 
with  no  other  sign  that  human  love 
yet  inclined  to  her  than  that  afforded 
by  the  infant  child  of  a  poissarde,  who, 
raised  on  her  mother's  shoulders  to 
view  the  spectacle  of  a  Queen  passing 
on  her  way  to  death,  put  her  little 
fingers  to  her  lips,  and  wafted  a  kiss 
to  the  meek  pilgrim  as  she  passed. 

Madame  d'Oberkirch,  speaking  of 
the  Chevalier  de  Morney,  notices  his 
strong  method  of  expression  as  one 
"  which,  except  in  the  society  of  her 
husband,  would  be  too  broad  for  the 
ears  of  a  modest  woman," — a  singular 
exception !  But  our  fair  diarist  does 
not  appear  to  be  herself  over  par- 
ticular. She  is  the  warm  apologist  of 
the  Duchess  de  Bourbon,  the  unworthy 
mother  of  the  heroic  Due  d'Enghien. 
She,  however,  tells  the  following, "  with 
great  hesitation,"  as  a  sign  of  the  de- 
pravity of  the  times — it  is  certainly 
rather  piquant. 

The  Duchess  of had  one  day  re- 
ceived a  visit  from  her  lover,  M.  Archam- 
bault  de  Talleyrand  Perigord,  when  the 
husband  unexpectedly  returning,  the  gal- 
lant was  obliged  to  moke  his  escape  by 
the  window.  Some  persons  seeing  him 
descend,  made  him  prisoner,  thinking  he 
was  a  robber ;  but,  having  explained  who 
he  was,  he  was  allowed  to  go,  without 
being  brought  before  the  injured  husband. 
The  story  soon  became  generally  known, 
and  the  King  reproved  the  lovely  Duchess 
for  her  coquetry  :  **  You  intend  to  imitate 
your  mother,  I  perceive,  madame,"  said  he, 
in  a  very  severe  tone. — The  tale  at  last 
reached  the  ears  of  the  Duke,  who  com- 
plained to  the  mother-in-law  of  the 
conduct  of  his  wife  ;  but  she  coolly  said 
to  him,  **  Yon  make  a  great  noise  about  a 
trifle  ;  your  father  was  much  more  polite  !** 

This  lady  was  of  the  quality  of  Ma- 
dame de  Matignon,  who  gave  twenty- 
four  thousand  livres  to  Ballard,  on 
condition  that  he  would  send  her  every 
morning  a  new  head-dress.  The  people 
were  at  this  period  suffering  from 
famine  and  high  prices.     Selfishness 


I 


I 


1853.]       Tlie  Baroness  D'Oherkirch  and  Citizen  3fercier* 

a»d  other  vices  survived  the  periotl, 
however  ;^witness  JLidume  Trondiio, 
who,  in  the  KuvolutioD,  waadailj  loBiug 
*fir  relatives  by  the  guillotine,  but  who 
jrro pa Ih [singly  remarked  to  a  friend, 
that,  if  it  were  not  for  her  durNng  little 
cup  of  cafe  d  la  ert^me^  she  really  dicj, 
not  know  bow  she  should  survive  such 
misfortunes  I  Such  was  the  line  bdy 
who  wore  a  **Ca«logan"  and  lookjjd 
like  a  man,  while  the  rcEiIlunta  took  to 
English  great-coats,  with  buttons  on 
them  larger  than  crown-pieces^  and  on 
every  button  the  portrait  of  a  mistress. 
A  curious  and  revolting  custom  pre- 
vailed at  this  same  period.  Dunng 
Faasion  Week  all  theatres  were  closed; 
but  more  infamoua  places  remained 
op«n ;  the  royal  family  cut  vegetables 
curiously  arranged  to  represent  fish 
and  other  food,  and  court  ehuplnins 
enjoyed  on  Holy  Thursday  the  pri- 
vilege of  unlimited  liberty  of  speech 
in  presence  of  the  King,  It  was  on  a 
Holy  Thursday  that  a  court  chaplain 


143 


ventured  to  say  from  the  pulpit,  in  the 
royal  hearing  of  Louis  XlV»  ihat  *'we 
are  all  mortal,"  and  when  the  monarch, 
who  couM  not  bear  the  sight  of  the 
towera  of  the  cathedral  of  St.  Denis, 
sternly  looked  up  at  the  preacher,  the 
latter,  trembling  for  his  chance  of  a 
bishopric,  amended  his  phrase  and  its 
doctrine  by  adding,  "  Yes^  Sire ;  almost 
all  of  usT  The  custom  to  which  I 
have  alluded  at  the  beginning  of  this 
paragraph  is  narrated  by  Mercicr,  and 
IS  substantially  to  this  elFect*  On  the 
night  between  Holy  Thursday  and 
Good  Friday,  a  relic  of  the  true  cross 
was  exposed  for  public  adoration  in  the 
**^  Sainte  Chapelle*"  Epileptic  beggars, 
under  the  name  of  possessed  maniacs, 
flocke<l  thither  lo  crowds.  They  tlung 
themselves  before  the  relic  in  wild  con - 
tftrtions ;  they  grimaced,  howled,  swoi'c, 
blastihemed,  and  struggled  6ercely  with 
the  half-dozen  men  who  seemetl  unable 
to  restrain  them.  The  better  all  this  was 
acted  the  more  money  was  showered 
on  the  actors.  Mercier  declares  that 
all  the  imprecations  that  had  ever  been 
uttered  against  Christ  and  the  Virgin 
could  not  amount  to  the  mass  of  m- 
expressible  infamy  which  he  heard 
uttered  by  one  particular  blasphemer. 
It  waa  for  tae  (he  says)  and  for  alt  the 
aisembly,  a  novel  aud  strange  thing  to  hear 
a  human  being  in  a  voice  of  thunder  pub- 
licly cast  defiance  at  the  God  of  the  very 


m 


temple,  insult  His  worship,  provoke  His 
wrath,  and  bekh  forth  the  most  atrntjioug 
invectives, — all  of  which  were  luid  to  the 
account,  not  of  tbe  energetic  blas|>hemerg 
but  of  the  Devil.  The  people  present 
tremblioely  made  the  sign  of  Che  cross, 
and  prostrated  them  selves  with  their  face 
to  the  ground,  muttering  the  while^  *'  It  U 
the  Demon  who  gpeaka /'*  After  eight 
men  hod  with  difficulty  dragged  him  three 
times  to  the  shrine  which  held  the  relic  of 
the  crosSf  his  blasphemies  became  %9 
outra^eoui^lj  filthy  that  be  was  cast  out  at 
the  door  of  the  church  ns  one  surreodcred 
for  ever  to  the  dominion  of  Satan,  and 
unworthy  of  being  cured  by  the  miraculous 
crosa.  Imagine  that  a  detachment  of 
soldiers  publicly  mounted  guard  that  nigbt 
ovt;r  this  inconceivable  farce, — and  ihat 
in  an  age  like  the  present  I: 

Such  acts  were  not  so  much  In  ad- 
vance of  the  age.  Four  years  later  thi5 
inquisitors  of  Seville  publicly  burned  at 
the  stake  a  girl  charged  with  holding 
criminal  intercourse  with  Satan.  She 
was  a  very  beautiful  young  creature, 
and,  that  her  beauty  might  not  excite 
too  much  sympathy  for  her  fate,  her 
nose  was  cut  on  previous  to  her  bein"[ 
led  to  execution  I  Mercier  relates  this 
on  the  authority  of  an  eye-witness. 
It  occurred  barely  more  than  seventy 
years  ago,  and  Dr.  Cahill,  of  gloiimy 
memory,  may  rejoice  therefore  to  think 
that  the  executive  hand  of  bis  Church 
can  hardly  yet  be  out  of  practice. 

"An  a^e  like  the  present !"  wrote 
Merciert  m  the  days  only  of  our 
fathers.  In  that  age  it  was  deemed 
impossible  to  carry  the  shrines  of  St. 
filarcel  and  St.  Genevieve  at  the  same 
time  through  one  street.  When- 
ever the  respective  bearers  ven- 
tured on  such  a  feat  they  invariably 
beheld  a  miracle,  exempliiying  the  at- 
traction of  cohesion.  The  two  shrines 
were  drawn  to  each  other,  in  spite  of 
ail  opposing  human  eflbrt,  and  re* 
maine<i  inseparable  for  the  whole  space 
of  three  days  1 

At  this  period  Protestant  marriages 
were  accounted  as  concubinage  by  tbe 
law,  while  Jewidh  marriages  were  held 
legal.  A  Jew  who  purchased  the 
estate  of  Pequigny  bought  with  it  the 
undisputed  right  to  nominate  the  cure^j 
and  canons  of  the  church.  It  is  wortb 
recording  also,  as  midnight  masses 
have  iust  been  re-establi.-ihed  in  Parid, 
that  they  were  suppressed  in  tliatcapital 
three  r^uarters  of  a   century  ago^  m 


144 


The  Bareness  D'Oherkirch  and  Citizen  Mercier.        [Feb. 


consequence  of  the  irreligious  scenes 
which  occurred  in  the  churches.  Mer- 
cier pertinently  remarks  on  the  sin- 
gularity of  the  fact  that  Roman  Catho- 
lics who  believed  in  the  ever  real 
Eresence  of  Christ  in  their  temples, 
ehaved  before  that  presence  like  un* 
clean  heathens,  while  Protestants,  who 
denied  the  presence,  behaved  with  de- 
corum. The  great  attraction  for  many 
years  at  many  of  these  masses  was  the 
organ-playing  of  the  great  Daquin. 
His  imitation  of  the  song  of  the  night- 
ingale used  to  elicit  a  whirlwind  of 
applause  from  the  so-called  worship- 
pers. 

This  mixture  of  delight  and  devo- 
tion was  after  all  but  natural  in  the 
people.  The  cleverest  abbes  of  the 
day  composed  not  only  musical  masses 
but  operas. 

Yet  the  Church  and  the  Stage  were 
ever  in  antagonism  in  France.  Mer- 
cier tells  a  pleasant  story,  which  re- 
counts how  the  famous  actress  Clairon 
wrote  a  plea  in  claim  of  funereal  rites 
being  allowed  to  the  bodies  of  deceased 
stage-players.  With  some  difficulty 
she  found  an  avocat  bold  enough  to 
present  and  read  this  plea  to  the 
"  parliament."  The  latter  august  body 
struck  the  lawyer  off  the  rolls.  Mile. 
Clairon,  out  of  gratitude,  instructed  him 
in  elocution,  and  he  adopted  the  stage 
as  his  future  profession.  On  his  first 
appearance,  however,  he  proved  him- 
aelf  so  indifferent  an  actor  that  he  was 
summarily  condemned,  amid  an  ava- 
lanche of  hisses.  He  so  took  the 
failure  to  heart  that  he  died — and, 
being  an  actor  in  the  eye  of  the  church, 
was  pronounced  excommunicate,  and 
was  buried  like  Ophelia,  with  "  maimed 
rites." 

Mercier  tells  us  that  there  were  not 
less  than  five  thousand  special  masses 
daily  celebrated  in  Paris  at  the  charge 
of  sevenpence-halfpenny  each  !  The 
Irish  priests  in  the  capital,  he  say?, 
were  not  too  scrupulous  to  celebrate 
two  in  one  day,  thus  obtaining  a  second 
sevenpence-halfpenny  by  what  their 
French  confreres  considered  rank  im- 
piety. Among  the  poorer  brotherhood 
was  chosen  the  "  Porte-Dieu."  Such  was 
the  rather  startling  popular  name  for 
the  penniless  priest  hired  to  sit  up 
©'nights,  and  carry  the  "holy  sacra- 
ment "  to  the  sick  or  dying.  In  rainy 
weather  "  le  bon  Dieu  '  was  conveyed 
4 


by  the  reverend  porter  in  a  hackney 
coach,  on  which  occasions  the  coach- 
man always  drove  with  his  hat  reve- 
rently under  his  arm.  When  the 
"  Porte-Dieu  "  entered  an  apartment 
the  inmates  hurriedly  covered  the 
looking-glasses,  in  order  that  the  "  holy 
sacrament"  might  not  be  multiplied 
therein.  There  was  a  superstitious 
idea  that  it  was  impious. 

I  have  stated  above  that  Protestant 
marriages  were  not  valid  when  Madame 
d'Oberkirch  and  M.  Mercier  were  en- 
gaged on  their  respective  works — 
placed  before  the  world  at  such  wide 
intervals.  That  much-wished-for  con- 
summation was  however  supposed  to 
be  then  '*  looming  in  the  future !" 

This  day  (says  the  lady)  I  heard  a 
piece  of  news  which  gave  me  great 
pleasure.  It  was  that  the  King  had  re- 
gistered in  the  parliament  an  ordonnance 
by  which  all  cur^s  were  enjoined  to  record 
the  declarations  of  all  persons  who  pre- 
sented their  children,  without  questioning 
them  in  any  way.  This  was  to  prevent 
certain  cur6s  from  trying  to  cast  a  doubt 
on  the  legitimacy  of  Protestant  children. 
It  did  not  recognise  the  validity  of  Pro- 
testant marriages,  but  it  gave  us  hope  for 
a  better  future. 

But  it  is  time  to  draw  these  rapid 
notices  to  a  close.  Those  who  will 
take  the  trouble  to  peruse  the  works 
which  have  suggested  them  will  find 
their  reward  therein.  The  three  vo- 
lumes of  Madame  d*Oberkirch  might 
indeed  have  been  judiciously  condensed 
into  one.  There  is  a  superabundance 
in  them  of  "  what  squires  call  potter 
and  what  men  call  prose,"  but  there  is 
much  besides  that  is  of  interest.  The 
writer  is  by  far  a  more  correct  prophet 
of  the  future  than  Mercier.  She  saw 
that  the  society  in  which  she  gloried 
was  falling  into  ruins.  Mercier  de- 
picted its  vices,  but  so  little  could  he 
foresee  the  consequences  of  them,  that 
he  patriotically  exulted  that  Paris  was 
so  secured  by  its  police  from  such 
enormities  as  the  Gordon  riots,  which 
had  disgraced  London,  as  to  render 
revolution  impossible.  The  opinions 
of  the  writers*  apart,  their  respective 
records  are  well  worth  reading.  That 
of  Mercier  has  been  well-nigh  for- 
gotten, but  its  graphic  power,  its  wit, 
and  variety  ill-deserve  such  oblivion. 
That  of  the  Baroness,  prolix  and  ill- 
translated  as  it  isi  has  also  its  certain 


1853,]      The  Baroness  D'Ohevkirvk  and  Citizen  Mercier. 

i  viiiue.  Both  are  real  niirrors  of  the 
^uieSf  and  all  that  passed  belure  tbeir 
"pc^liislied  s^nrfjice  h  representetl  thereon 

with  a  fidelity  that  Bounetimus  terriiitis 

jiti  muci)  as  it  auiusesj. 

The  following,  from  Mercter,  may 

come  under  the  first  head — but  it  is 

far  from   being  the  worst  caee   that 

might  be  cited.     As  an  instance  of  the 

results  of  common  hospital  practice,  it 

contnista   alarClingly  with  what   now 

occurs  in  the  same  loeality. 

The  corpses  daily  vomited  foTtb  hy  the 

hospital  of  the  HAtel  Dieti  tire  carried  to 

Clamart,  a  v&st  cemetery  wbose  gulf  is 

ever  open.     Tbe&e  bodies  are  oDcofliued  ; 

tbey  are  simply  sewed  up  in  a  windiog- 

sheet.     They  are  hurriedly  dragged  from 

the  betJBf  and  more  tbun  one  patient  pro- 
nounced dead  has  awoke  to  lite  under  the 

eager  hand  that  was  sewing  bim  up  in  his 

shroud.      Otbera  have  shrieked  out  that 

they  were  living,  in  the  very  cart  that  waa 

couTeyiog  thcni   to  bunaL     Tbis  cart  is 

drawn  by  twelve  men;  a  dirty  nnd  hemired 

prieit,  a  bell,  and  a  crucifix — such  is  the 

sum  of  the   honours   paid   to   the  poor. 

This   gloomy   car    starts   every    morning 

from  the  H6tel  I>ieu  at  four  o'clock,  and 

jonmeys  amid  a  silence  as  of  olght.    The 

bell  which  precc^des  it  awakes  some  who 

slept ;  but  yon  must  meet  this  cart  on  the 

highway  to  correctly  appreciate  the  eSt^vt 

produced  on  the  mind  both  by  its  sight 

mod  sound.     In  sick  seaaODs  it   hae  been 

seern  performing  the  same   journey  four 

times  in  the  twenty- four  hours.     It  can 

contain    fifty  bodies.      The    corpses   of 

children  are  squeezed  in  between  the  legs 

of  adults*      The  whole  freight  is  toased 

into  a  deep  and  open  pit,  qnick^Uoie  is 

hberaHy  poured  in,  anil  the  horror-stricken 

eye  of  the  observer  pluugea  into  iin  abyss 

yet  spiiL'ioQs  enough  to  hold  all  the  living 

inhabitjuits  of  the  c4pitaL  There  is  holiday 

here    on  All  Souts*   day.     The  popukce 

contemplate  the  apot  wherein  so  many  of 

them  are  dettioed  to  He  ;  and  kneeling 

and   praying  only  precede  the  universal 

drinking  and  debauchery. 

Let  us  turn,  by  way  of  conclusion, 
from  burials  to  bridals.  In  the  ac- 
count given  by  Mudame  d*Oberkirch 
of  the  marriage  uf  the  Prince  de  Niisaaii 
Soarbruck  with  Mile,  de  Montbarrey 
we  reeogniae  not  only  what  the  fair 
authoress  calk  **  a  very  grand  affair," 
but  an  infinitely  amusing  one  to  boot. 
We  ^parc  our  readers  the  execrable 


145 


poetry,  by  **a  drawing-room  poet," 
which  was  read  with  nrreat  avidity 
during  the  bridal  festivities.  It  is 
necessary,  however,  to  allude  to  the 
etlusLon,  afl  will  be  seen  from  what 
follows  : — 

Theae  verses  are  very  stupid,  bat  I 
quote  them  because  they  amused  us  ex- 
ceedingly when  we  considered  that  thia 
husband,  "  possesaor  of  your  charms,"  and 
m'ho  '*to  love's  enchanting  bliss  shall 
wake,"  was  a  child  of  twelve  years  of  age, 
who  wept  from  morning  to  night,  frantic 
at  being  made  an  objVct  of  universal  cu- 
riosity, flying  from  h"s  wife,  and  even  re- 
puUing  her  with  the  rudeness  of  an  ill- 
bred  child,  and  having  no  desire  to  clium 
a  tide  whose  eignitication  he  did  not  uu- 
derstaod.  ....  During  the  ball,  the 
bridegroom  would  on  no  account  consent 
to  dance  with  the  bride.  He  was  at  length 
threatened  with  a  whipping  in  case  of 
further  refusal,  and  promised  a  deluge  of 
sngar-pluixis  and  all  $orts  of  amusements 
if  he  complied.  Whereupon  be  consented 
to  lead  her  through  a  miuuL't.  Though  be 
shewed  so  great  an  aversion  to  her  who 
had  a  legal  claim  upon  his  attentions,  he 
manifested  a  great  sympathy  for  little 
Louisa  de  Dietrich,  a  cbild  of  bis  own  age, 
and  rettirned  to  sit  bes^ide  her  as  soon  at 
he  could  free  himself  from  the  ennujfeuMc 
CEremony  of  attending  on  his  bride.  Thia 
was  the  husband  who,He  "rapt  embrace" 
awaited  the  young  princess.  My  brother 
undertook  to  console  htm,  and  was  shewing 
him  some  prints  in  a  large  book.  Amongst 
them  there  happened  to  be  one  which  re* 
presented  a  marritige  procession,  which,  as 
soon  as  the  child  saw,  he  shut  the  book, 
exclaiming,  "  Take  it  away,  sir,  take  it 
away  1  \^'bat  have  1  to  do  with  that  ? 
It  is  shocking — and  hold,"  continued  he, 
pointing  out  a  tall  figure  in  the  groop, 
"  there  is  one  that  is  Uke  Mademoisello 
de  Montbarrey." 

These  last  extracts  will  serve  to  shew 
the  different  staple  of  which  are  com- 
posed the  respective  works  of  the  Ba- 
roness and  the  Bourgeois.  That  of 
the  former  will  be  reud  merely  to 
amuse  the  parsing  hour^  but  in  the 
sketches  of  Mcreier  there  will  always 
be  found  something  worthy  of  the  at- 
tention, not  only  of  the  general  reader, 
but  of  the  statesman,  the  moralist,  and 
the  philosopher. 

J.  DOKAH. 


fjBNT.  Mag,  Vol.  XXXTX. 


U 


146 


THE  VALE  OF  YORK. 

Vallis  Eboracensis  :  comprising  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  Easingwold  and  its 
Neighbourhood.     By  Thomas  Gill.     8vo. 


THE  Chevalier  Bunsen,  whose  ge- 
neral knowledge  of  the  geographical 
features  of  most  parts  of  the  world  is 
unquestionable,  at  the  same  time  that 
his  peculiar  regard  for  this  country  is 
sucn  as  to  be  very  flattering  to  Eng- 
lish pride,  has  expressed  his  admira- 
tion of  the  district  which  forms  the 
subject  of  the  book  before  us  in  the 
following  terms :  "  The  Vale  of  York 
is  the  most  beautiful  and  romantic  vale 
in  the  world,  the  vale  of  Normandy 
excepted  : "  and  this  dictum  is  adopted 
by  Mr.  Gill  as  the  motto  of  his  title- 
poffe. 

We  believe  it  is  now  very  generally 
admitted  that  Englishmen  have  been 
apt  to  wander  to  foreign  climes  in 
i^ected  search  of  romantic  scenery, 
whilst  they  neglected  the  natural  beau- 
ties of  their  own  country ;  and  that 
this  pretence  for  distant  travel  is  now 
exchanged  for  other  pretexts,  such  as 
the  antiquities  of  the  East,  the  arts  of 
Italy,  the  medicinal  waters  of  Ger- 
many, the  cheapness  of  France,  or,  in 
/jtill  more  ordinary  terms,  "  a  thorough 
change," — the  excitement  of  extended 
journeys,  the  amusing  embarrassments 
of  foreign  languages  and  ever  varying 
currency,  and  the  delightful  bothera- 
tion of  douanes,  dampf-schifls,  and 
chemins-de-fer. 

It  must,  we  think,  be  admitted  that 
the  beauties  of  the  Vale  of  York  have 
rather  a  local  than  a  general  reputa- 
tion. They  are  not  frequented  or 
visited  like  those  of  the  Scotish  High- 
lands, or  the  Northern  Lakes,  or  even 
the  coast  of  Devonshire,  or  the  hills  of 
Derbyshire.  They  are  not  accessory 
to  the  attractions  of  any  place  of  great 
public  resort,  and  consequently  their 
fame  is  but  partially  diffused.  There 
is,  however,  at  Hovingham,  a  small 
market-town  on  the  Thirsk  and  Mal- 
ton  railway,  at  the  distance  of  seven- 
teen miles  from  York,  and  eight  from 
Easingwold, — a  medicinal  spa,  the  vir- 
tues of  which  were  appreciated  in  ages 
long  gone  by,  when  a  Koman  villa  and 
its  baths  were  planted  on  the  spot : 
and  this  quasi  public-place  suggests, 
in  the  work  before  us,  the  following 


general  description  of  the  neighbour- 
hood:— 

The  immediate  scenery  of  HoTiogham, 
as  well  as  that  by  which  it  is  surrounded, 
is  highly  varied  and  pictureSt)ue,  beyond 
what  is  often  to  be  met  with  in  England. 
Encompassed  by  well-wooded  and  lofty 
hills,  interspersed  with  rich  dales  and  rip- 
pling streams,  it  appears  equally  secluded 
from  the  idle,  and  shut  out  from  the  noise 
and  turmoil  of  the  busy, — to  the  poetic  eye 
it  might  seem  a  sort  of  Happy  Valley, 
such  as  Johnson  in  his  RasseUs  delighted 
to  portray.  Here  the  woods,  hills,  and 
vales  undulate  in  picturesque  variety,  af- 
fording numerous  and  umbrageous  walks 
to  the  visitor.  The  yale  is  watered  by 
several  stneams  which  traverse  it  in  differ- 
ent directions.  Standing  on  the  top  of  the 
Temple  Hill,  a  noble  and  varied  prospect 
strikes  the  eye.  To  the  west,  the  wild 
heath  and  moors  of  Colton,  Gilling,  and 
Yearsiey  exhibit  a  picture  of  bleakness 
and  desolation,  on  which  are  found  scat- 
tered cairns  and  tumuli,  recalling  to  mind 
the  visions  of  former  ages,  and  the  vener- 
able forms  of  grey  heroes  rising  out  of  the 
misty  magnificence,  where  Ossian  would 
have  revelled  with  delight.  On  the  north, 
Hambleton  and  the  black  moors  of  Helms- 
ley  stretch  away  to  the  utmost  boundary  of 
vision,  and  seem  like  Pelion  piled  upon 
Ossa.  Then,  turning  the  eye  to  the  vale 
below,  you  behold,  if  in  August  or  Sep- 
tember, rich  and  fertile  crops  waving  in 
the  sun,  green  and  flowery  pastures  abound- 
ing with  cattle,  orchards  gay  with  ruddy 
and  mellow  fruit,  and  pleajant  flower-clad 
gardens,  groves,  and  plantations. 

In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Hoving- 
ham  are  congregated  a  collection  of  in- 
teresting scenes,  rarely  to  be  met  with  in 
an  equilly  circumscribed  district.  Among 
the  rest  may  be  noticed  the  mansions  of 
Castle  Howard,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Carlisle;  Duncombe  Park,  the  seat  of  Lord 
Feversham  ;  Wiganthorp  Hall,  the  seat  of 
William  Garforth,  esq. ;  Newburgh  Hall, 
the  seat  of  Sir  George  Wombwell,  Bart 
vrith  its  sylvan  park  and  its  region  of  fairy- 
land, which,  when  viewed  from  the  ad- 
joining hill,  appears  like  the  image  of 
Beauty  reposing  in  the  bp  of  Sublimity. 

The  antiquary,  geologist,  and  naturalist 
may  here  find  abundant  gratification  for 
their  peculiar  tastes,  either  in  a  visit  to 
Helmsley  Castle,  built  by  the  De  Ros  ; 
Gilling  Castle,  built  by  the  De  Mowbray, 


1853.] 


The  VahafVork, 


and  now  the  seat  of  the  Pairfaxet  \  Crayke 
Cattle,  the  retreat  of  SL  Cucbbert ;  Sliii^by 
Coatle,  built  hf  De  Hastiugs;  SheriflF 
HuttoQ  Caitle,  built  by  Bertram  Buliner 
and  Ralph  Neville,  in  which  Elisabeth  of 
York  and  the  Init  Earl  of  Warwick  lin- 
gered in  captivity,  till  Bo«w<irth*s  fatal  field 
exalted  one  to  a  throne  and  the  other  to  a 
block ;  all  which  placet  are  within  a  few 
milei  of  Hovingbara  ;  or,  on  a  visit  to  the 
splendid  rnins  of  Rievanx  Abbey,  or  to 
B^land  Abbey,  Newburgb  Priory,  and 
Kirkham  Abbey  ;  or  to  explore  the  now 
well-known  antediluvian  cave  of  Kirkdale, 
or  to  the  lofty  rock»  and  sublime  scenery 
of  Hambletoor  with  ita  deep  caverns, 
frowning  cliffs,  and  glaaiy  lake. 

Hovingfaam  itg^^lfis  the  property  of 
Sir  Willimn  Worsley,  Bart,  who  hiis 
there  a  handsome  man^jon,  built  in 
the  style  of  the  Italian  villa. 

Of  the  places  enumcrateil  in  the 
foregoing  extract,  the  ciastlcsi  of  Helms- 
ley,  Gilliog,  Crayke,  and  Sheriff- Hiit- 
Um  full  within  the  6eld  of  Mr.  (iilFs 
description ;  together  with  the  abbeya 
of  KievaiLx,  Byland,  and  Newburgb, 
and  BCveral  monaj<tic  houses  of  minor 
note  :  and  among  the  miinsioiifl  of  the 
nobility,  besides  New  burgh  Furk.  the 
seat  of  Sir  Georj^e  Womb  we  1 1,  who 
has  been  the  foremost  patron  of  the 
author,  descriptions  are  given  nf  Ses- 
say  tbe  residence  of  Lord  A'^iscouot 
Downe,  of  Duncombe  Park  the  seat 
of  Lonl  Fevershain,  of  Thirkleby 
that  of  Lady  Frankland  Kussetl,  and 
several  others :  and  the  work  con- 
cludes with  flonie  notice  of  i\  Id  burghs 
the  seat  of  Ancirew  Lawi?nn,  esq.  which, 
though  bevond  the  natural  boundary 
of  the  "  \  allts  Eborucensijs"  was  con- 
sidered so  interesting  a  spot,  from  the 
remains  of  the  Rontan  town  of  Jsuriuni, 
which  are  there  disclosetl  and  pre- 
served, as  to  lend  a  tuateriul  interest  to 
the  contents  of  the  book, 

A  considerable  portion  of  the  Vale 
was  occupied  in  early  times  by  the 
Forest  of  GaUrei*i,  which,  coming  up 
to  the  gates  of  York,  originally  com- 
prised about  sixty  tuwn«bips,  and  con- 
tained 100,000  acres  of  land,  or  nearly 
the  whole  of  the  WapentHke  of  Bul- 
oier.  (p.  49,)  It  was  divided  and 
ineloftcd  by  an  act  of  parliauicnt 
piiftsed  in  the  year  1670.  It  was 
within  the  bounds  tjX'  this  district  that 
Fairfnx  and  Cn>niweU  fought  their 
great  battle  of  Mars  ton  Moor  in  the 


year  1644. 


147 

To  the  tiorlhera  side  of  the  Vale 

are  the  llambleton  hills,  one  of  tJie 
most  prominent  points  of  which  is  the 
WhitestonecblT.     From  hence — 

The  prospect  is  bonnclle««.  extending 
over  the  wild,  romantic  Vale  of  Mowhray, 
the  beantifnl  and  interestinit  Valeof  York, 
the  plains  of  Clevelnnd^  VVensteydnle,  the 
western  hills,  »he  eastern  wold«,  the 
southern  plains,  and  the  northtrrn  moun- 
tains, A  little  i»  atlvaacc  stood  the  her* 
mitage  of  Uode  Grange*  Beyond  is  a  fina 
view  of  the  venerable  ruins  of  Byland 
Abbey  and  the  village  of  Coiwold.  On 
the  other  side  is  the  splendid  remains  of 
the  Abbey  of  Rievanx,  with  the  Ionian 
temple  and  beautiful  terraces ;  the  rich 
and  magnificent  demesne  of  Duncombe 
Park,  and  the  Catholic  colle^^  of  Ample, 
forth.  Further  to  the  north  is  Upml  Caatle 
and  the  Motirit  St.  John,  where  stood  a 
preceptory  of  the  Knights  of  St.  John  of 
Jeruiiialenir  founded  by  William  Percy, 
Gliding  down  a  little  further  ia  Newby 
Park*  and  Topclilf,  the  seat  of  the  Earla 
of  NortlmmbeTlaDd  ;  the  sylvan  park  of 
Thirkleby,  the  seat  of  Lady  Frankland 
Rut^sell  1  an  extensive  »icw  of  the  western 
hills^  among  which  may  be  lecn  the  city 
of  Ripon,  with  its  noble  cathedral^  the 
towns  uf  Tbir^k  and  Northallerton,  and  a 
little  further  on  the  celebrated  Abbey  of 
Fountains.  Yeoring  to  the  soatb,  and 
pasting  above  the  Vale  of  York,  which  ia 
studded  with  villages,  fiirm- houses,  hand- 
some villas,  woGcb,  inc.  t%  tbe  splendid 
minster  of  York,  the  ancient  casttes  of 
Sheriff  Huttoo,  Crayke,  Gilling,  Helms- 
ley,  and  Castle  Howard,  and  tbc  rich  ro- 
mantic icenery  of  Newhurgh  Park* 

The  parishca  and  townships  which 
Mr.  Gill  has  illustrated,  tuore  or  lea^, 
with  bis  historical  colleetionif  are  more 
than  thirty  in  number;  and  we  should 
add  that  two  of  these  liave  their  bin* 
tory  written  in  a  more  complete  and 
masterly  manner* — that  of  Crayke  by 
the  Veil,  Archdeacon  Cburton,  and  that 
of  Sesaay  by  the  Kev,  John  Overton. 

Crayke  is  connected  with  the  history 
of  Saint  Cutlibert,  to  whose  name  the 
church  is  dedicated  ;  with  Etha,  ano- 
ther anchor ite»  who  lived  in  the  eighth 
century  ;  and  with  the  devastations  of 
the  Scandinavian  Ella,  who  is  e»pe* 
daily  mentioned  to  have  laid  his  sacri- 
legious hands  upon  the  huid  of  the 
church  of  Durham  at  thit<  nlucc.  There 
13  therefore  an  unusual  n mount  of 
history  belonging  to  this  place  before 
the  Norman  conquest,iind  which  Arch- 
deacon Ghurton  has  displayed  to  the 


148 


The  Vale  of  YorJc. 


[Feb. 


best  advantage.  At  the  Domesday 
survejr  William  bishop  of  Durham  held 
"  Creic  "  in  demesne,  as  bishop  Alwin 
had  done  in  the  reign  of  the  Confessor. 
It  was  at  this  castle  that  Hu^h  Pudsej, 
one  of  the  most  famous  bishops  of 
Durham,  and  who  received  the  earldom 
of  Northumberland  from  the  hands  of 
King  Richard  the  First,  fell  sick  of 
his  mortal  illness  in  the  year  1194. 
The  bishops  of  Durham  continued  to 
occupy  their  manor  of  Crayke,  and 
to  mam  tain  the  appurtenant  "  forest  *' 
or  park,  for  many  subsequent  centu- 
ries— apparently  until  the  time  of  the 
Reformation.  King  Edward  III.  dated 
a  charter  from  the  castle  in  the  year 
1 345.  It  was  not  finall v  alienated  from 
the  see  until  the  days  of  the  late  Bishop 
Van  Mildert. 

At  Coxwold,  in  the  same  neigh- 
bourhood, the  parsonage  of  Laurence 
Sterne,  to  which  he  was  presented  by 
Lord  Fauconberg,  then  lord  of  New- 
burgh,  was  written  the  immortal 
"  Sentimental  Journey."  In  a  letter 
written  in  1767,  he  thus  describes  how 
well  he  fared  in  the  Vale  of  York : 

I  am  aa  happy  as  a  prince  at  Cozwolcl, 
and  I  wish  you  could  see  in  how  princely 
a  manner  1  live-  'tis  a  land  of  plenty.  I 
sit  down  alone  to  venison,  fish,  and  wild 


fowl,  or  a  couple  of  fowls  or  ducks,  with 
cards,  strawberries,  and  cream,  and  all  the 
simple  plenty  which  a  rich  valley  (under 
Hambleton  hills)  can  produce  ;  with  a 
clean  cloth  on  my  table,  and  a  bottle  of 
wine  on  my  right  hand  to  drink  your  health. 
I  have  a  hundred  hens  and  chickens  about 
my  yard  ;  and  not  a  parishioner  catches  a 
hare,  or  a  rabbit,  or  a  trout,  but  he  brings 
it  as  an  offering  to  me. 

The  history  of  Byland  Abbey  is 
treated  at  length,  and  introduced  by 
the  interesting  narrative  of  its  foun- 
dation, preserved  in  the  register  of 
the  house,  and  of  which  the  English 
version  was  written  for  our  Magazine 
by  a  gentleman  whose  premature  de- 
cease we  had  shortly  after  to  lament.* 
An  incident  of  that  narrative  is  the 
erection  of  a  chapel  at  Scalton  or 
Scorton,  a  vill  within  the  parish  of 
Byland.  It  is  stated  that  this  humble 
little  oratory  still  attests  by  all  the 
features  of  its  architecture  that  it  is 
the  original  building  erected  by  abbot 
Roger  in  1146.  When  the  chapel  was 
finished,  and  suitably  furnished  with 
books,  vestments,  a  font,  and  other 
necessary  ornaments,  the  abbot  gave 
directions  to  his  cellarer  "that  with 
all  haste  and  reverence  he  should  cause 
to  be  conveyed  in  a  wain  the  lesser 


•i-a^flipjiMfl  +  BSiiTa  tmjiRiGt 


/IVeRt 


♦  Sec  Gent.  Mag.  for  March,  1843,  p.  261. 


1853.] 


The  Vah  of  ¥or^. 


149 


bf  11  of  the  said  mother  church  of  By- 
land  to  her  said  daughter  of  Scalton/* 
Our  author  concludes  that  this  bell 
was  the  same  as  one  still  preserved 
at  Scorton,  of  the  inscriptions  upon 
which  he  has  given  the  fac-smiile 
printed  in  the  preceding  page* 

No  one  has  hitherto  attended  suffi- 
cientlj  to  the  antiquities  of  eajupario- 
logy  to  supply  us  with  chronological 
duta  as  to  the  forms  of  ancient  bells 
or  the  devices  impressed  upon  them. 
Their  inscriptions  have  been  given  m 
some  topographical  works, — more  par* 
ticularly,  as  we  recollect,  throughout 
the   History  of  Northamptonshire  by 

,  Bridfjes ;  but  we  are  not  aware  of  any 
tisting  guide  to  determine  their  re- 

fspective  antiquity.     We  suspect   the 
bell  at  ScortoD  hot  to  be  of  the  early 


date  suggested  by  the  history  of  the 
erection  of  the  chapel.  It  is  named, 
as  wc  see,  Saint  Mary's  bell,  Campaiui 
heate  Marie.  The  lower  lettei*H  we 
presume  are  the  com  men  cement  of  the 
salutation  of  the  Virgin,  Ar^e  i?egina 
Celorutii,  The  mark  of  the  founder 
is  particuliirly  curious.  It  seemii  to 
show  that  he  also  made  crosiers,  can- 
dle.sticks,  and — weights?  Hia  name 
is  not  perfectly  copied ;  but  we  read 
it,  Jah*  R — e  in  Copgi-nf  me  fecit 
Copgrave,  as  we  take  it,  is  the  name 
of  the  place  where  his  foundry  stood. 
It  18  a  vdluge  four  miles  from  Borough- 
bridge,  And  about  fifteen  from  By  hind 
abbey. 

Another  remarkable  bell  is  existing, 
and  still  ill  use,  in  this  district,  at  Ses- 
say.     It  bears  this  inscription : — > 


-Hha :  aDCDV  RD :  DAReCL : 

ais:r:Vxai:©:D;sas: 

aV:BaR"©VS: 


I.  p.  ^   leens.     Ednauod  Darell  et  I. 
uxor  eJQS,  gratiam  det  aaDctua  CudbertuH, 

Edmund  Dareli*  who  married  Isa- 
bella Elton,  died  in  1 438.  The  churoh 
is  dedicated  to  Saint  Cuthbert,  and 
was  rebuilt  by  Lord  Downe  in  1H48. 
In  turning  over  the  pages  of  the 
volume  we  next  arrive  at  the  castles 
of  Gilling  and  Hulmsley,  two  of  its 
roost  interesting  features.  The  former 
has  been  for  four  centuries  the  seat  of 
the  elder  branch  of  the  family  of  Fair- 
fax, who  have  adhered  to  the  ancient 
faith,  and  are  the  f>atrons  of  the  neigh- 
bouring college  of  Amnleforth,  a  school 
for  the  education  ot  the  Romanist 
gentry. 

in  the  church  of  Ampleforth  is  a 
epulchral  v^^^y  of  singular  and  we 
lelieve  unique  design.  It  is,  perhaps, 
commemorative  of  some  peculiar  cir- 
cumstances now  forgotten,  and,  in  its 
deviation  from  the  ordinary  Ibrm  of 
Bch  memorials,  reminds  us  of  the  two 
nights  thrown  upon  the  sea- beach, 
irliich  are  represented  by  Stothard; 
|>ut  the  dying  warrior  before  us  has  a 


very  dilFerent  couch, — no  other  than 
the  bosom  of  \m  faithful  wii'e,  Thia 
aiSx^y  is  now  built  into  the  tower  of 
the  church  ;  and  the  surname  (though 
stated  by  Mr.  Gill  to  be  **  urdbrtu- 
nately  lost")  may  possibly  gttll  remain 
concealed  round  the  corner  of  the 
stone,  beneath  the  lady*s  head.  (See 
the  next  jmge  ) 

It  needs  no  great  stretch  of  imagination 
to  Buppoie  that  a  dying  kaight  of  King 
E  J  ward  the  Second's  time,  left  on  the  field 
after  his  Bovereign's  flight  from  the  battle 
of  Byland,  is  here  repreaentcd  receiving 
the  same  kind  offices  which  Scott  i^o  ex- 
quiaitety  describes  hs  rendered  by  Clare  to 
Marmion  on  the  field  of  Floddeo.  Whoever 
be  the  parties  represented,,  the  chArtteters 
Rnd  eo«tume  nasign  them  to  the  period  not 
later  than  that  of  the  second  Gdwiird. 

The  battle  of  By  I  and  here  referred 
to  occurred  in  the  year  1322,  when 
the  Scots  invaded  England  under  King 
Robert  Bruce. 

Helmsley  was  a  castle  built  by  Ro- 
bert cic  Ros,  dunn*»  the  reign  of  our 
early  Nonniin  Kings,  and  which  gave 
the  ordinary  addition  to  their  baromiil 


150 


The  Vaie  of  York. 


[Feb. 


,iy\ 


V\ 


f^^ 


Efllgy  «t  Ainp1*ft>rth. 

title  of  " Ros  of  Harakke/'  Having 
descended  with  that  dignity  to  the 
Duchess  of  Buckingham,  the  beirciis 
of  Francis  Earl  of  Rutland,  and  wjilow 
of  the  favourite  of  Charles  the  First, 
it  was  maintained  for  that  monarch 
during  the  Civil  War,  and  dismantled 
after  its  surrender  to  Fairfax  in  1«]44. 

Thii  cutle  was  afterwards  parually  re- 
stored, and  b«c:«ine  tbe  favourite  ret  rent  of 
George  VLUiers,  Duke  of  Buckinghftm^ 
after  he  had  retired  from  the  court  and 
cabiaet  of  Charles  IL  On  the  western 
side  tbe  remains  of  a  raa^e  of  apartments^ 
constitatiag  his  mansion  house  and  oflSces, 


still  exist,  probably  bnilt  aboat  tbe  time 
vrben  the  Villiers  family  sncoeeded  to  the 
property^  and  distia^isbed  by  a  noble 
toner  almost  ri vailing  in  the  depth  of  iti 
detoent  to  the  moat  the  height  of  tbe  ao- 
cient  keep.  Here  was  the  scene  of  bis 
revelries  ;  and  Kirk  by  Mooraide,  a  neigh- 
bouring town,  wilnefised  hia  humiliation 
and  death,  which  transpired  after  three 
days*  iilnesa,  brought  on  by  inflammation, 
in  consequence  of  sitting  on  the  ground 
when  fatigued  witb  huntiug. 

It  ia  added  that  Pope^  in  hia  well- 
known  lines  descriptive  of  the  Dukes 
death, 

has  either  tiiken  a  poetic  hcenee,  or  been 
misinformed,  for  there  is  no  tradition 
of  tbe  house  in  which  the  Duke  died 
having  ever  been  an  inn,  and  from  its  pre- 
sent apprarauce  it  has  evidently  been,  at 
thi3it  time,  otie  of  tbo  be^t  bouses  in  the 
town. 

Tbe  following  is  a  literal  copy  from  an 
old  tattered  regie tcr  book,,  belong^ug  to 
the  parii^b  of  Kirk  by  : — 

"  Burials*— 1687,  April  I7th.  Gorges 
vilaus,  Lord  dooke  of  bookingbam/' 

We  pass  quickly  over  Kirkdale,  fa- 
mous for  its  Saxon  Hun-dial^  and  its 
bone-cave     examined     by    Proleasor 
Buekland ;  an<i  Duneonibe  Park,  tbe 
successor  of  Helm  a  ley  Caatle,  with  its 
pictures  and  ancient  marbles^  among | 
which  are  the  Discobolus  and  the  l)ng ' 
of  Alcibiatles ;  and  then  we  reach  tlio 
abbey  of  Rievaux,  a  feature  of  ^*  tbe 
Vale  of  York"  perhupa  better  known/ 
than  any  other*  and  which  is  described  | 
at  considerable  length. 

On  the  top  of  the  hill,  east  of  the  mo* 
nsstery,  is  the  beautiful  terrace,  said  to  be 
one  of  the  6 nest  in   England.     This  was 
formed  by  Thomas  Duncombe,  esq.  in  the 
year  1758,  and  is  half  a  mile  in  length,  and*  ] 
of  ample  breadth.     On  the  back  of  it  are  j 
plantations  of  trees,  mingfed  witb  variout. 
shnibs.  Tbe  ruins  of  tbe  gray-tinted  abbey  I 
look  out  from  among  the  tufted  trees  as 
it  sweetly  reposes   in   tbe   lap  of  tbe  vale 
beneath  ;  woods  tower  aloft,  dales  stretch 
away  into  the  distance ;;  and  the  Rye,  as 
it  rolls  along  the  bottom  of  tbe  valley,  oc- 
casionally peeps  out  of  its  leafy  bed,  and 
adds  beauty  to  the  scene. 

Next  coraes«  Ses3oy,  to  which  wft  ^ 
have  already  alluded  ;  and  then  Top-' 
clifTe,  one  of  the  manor*)  of  the  Enrlrj 
of  Northumberland,  and  very  fre»'« 
nuently  their  place  of  residence.  The^  j 
Barons'  letter  to  the  Pope  in  1291  was  j 
signed  by  Henry  Percy,  as  "  dominua 


1853.] 


The  Vale  of  York, 


I 


fie  Topclive;"  aiid  it  was  here  that 
Henry  the  fourth  Eiirl,  then  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Yorkshire,  was  shiin 
during  an  insurrection  in  1489.  No 
iTHced  of  the  manor-house— Mr,  Gill 
is  probably  wrong  in  this  eai*e  t©  tiilk 
of  a  baronial  fortress,  and  frowning 
keep«  anil  dungeons, — are  now  re- 
niainiug,  except  the  njound  on  which 
It  stood,  now  called  Maiden  Bivwert 
and  slill  encoiiipfi*<sed  with  n  mout. 

New  by  Park»  kte  tlie  seat  of  Earl 
de  Grey,  and  nuvf  of  George  Hudson, 
eso.  M.P*  is  drsmissml  in  a  if^w  linea. 

brallerton  'as,  the  raemorahle  sf»ot 
where  Fa u linns,  at  Christmas  <>iG,  bap- 
tised in  the  Swale  manj  thousand  con- 
verts to  Christianity,  as  related  in  a 
letter  of  Pope  Gretrory  to  Eulogius 
patriarch  of  Alexandria. 

My  ton- ufK>n- Swale  was  the  scene  of 
another  victory  of  the  Scotch,  in  an 
Lucursion  which  they  made  three  years 
earlier  than  that  already  mentioned. 
It  ha5  latterly  been  the  seat  of  the 
family  of  Stapylton. 

The  Normau  church  at  AIne  is  re- 
markable for  a  sculpt uretl  door w ay « 
having  InscnptioUH  to  notify  tbe  in- 
tention of  many  of  it^  devices.  Only 
a  few  of  the  former  now  remain ;  and 
some  of  tbe  sculptures  thejnselves  have 
been  succeeded  by  clumsy  restorations : 

These  are  easily  djstmgiiiBbable  from 
the  origin ak,  which  happily  still  consd- 
tute  the  tnafls  of  the  work.  Tbe  moat  re- 
markable ortiametits  are  a  series  of  nine* 
teen  semicircles  furming  the  outer,  snd 
of  fifteen  circles  forming  tbe  inner,  mein- 
hers  of  the  srcbmoultliugM.  The  former 
inclose  angelic  and  human  figures,  birds, 
and  animftla,  mostJy  with  a  word  abore,  by 
no  means  nnnuededt  to  indicate  tbe  prin- 
ci|>al  object  represented.  Thus  the  first 
tbree  semicircles  from  tbe  west  are  msrked 
i;Vl.PfS,  PANTREA,  AULA.  Tbe  fox  in 
the  former  is  laid  on  hit  back  and  preyed 
oa  by  eagles,  and  a  human  figure  stretched 
in  bed  is  suflfering  tbe  like  puntsbment  in 
the  fifth  eoraparlmecit,  probably  in  al!u- 
sion  to  Prov.  ixi.  17.  Tbe  siiteentb  con- 
tains two  figures,  which,  bat  for  the  word 
CKROBKiM  above,  might  have  been  mis- 
taken for  sufferers  hi  dames  of  torment ; 
and  the  word  Araico  on  the  eighteenth 
appears  to  indicate  the  breeze  which  wsfts 
«  bark  exhibiting  two  human  heoids  at  its 
sides,  but  which  ctin  by  no  power  of  imagi- 
nation be  supposed  capable  of  containing 
the  bodies  to  which  they  should  f>ertain. 
The  circular  Gompiirtmeats  bear  no  such 


helps  to  research  into  their  contents ;  but 
among  various  fantsstie  anndescripta  may 
be  discovered  tbe  holy  Iamb,  a  large  ani- 
mal devonrtQg  a  human  figure,  a  camel,  a 
pelican  feeding  a  prostrate  traveller  from 
its  breast,  and  a  man  in  the  act  of  slaugh. 
tering  a  huge  hoar  with  an  axe.  On  the 
cnpitalfi  may  also  be  traced  representations 
of  a  mermaid  pursued  by  a  sea  monster, 
and  a  land  monster  with  two  bodies  united 
io  one  head,  intermixed  with  luxurious 
foliage  and  wreathed  or  cable  mouldings. 
Many  of  the  ornaments,  both  of  tlie  arch 
and  iTupitals,  as  is  u^ual  in  Norman  work, 
exhibit  marked  imitations  of  clattical 
models,  and  somewhat  resemble  the  cha- 
racter of  portions  of  Malmesburj  Abbey 
Church. 

llie  kst  subject  of  superior  m teres t 
in  tbe  volume,  excepting  the  Roman 
remains  f»f  Aldborougli^  is  tbe  castle  of 
Sheriff  Button,  one  of  the  residences 
of  Kichard  Duke  of  Gloucester  whei^ 
President  of  tbe  North,  and  the  prison 
of  Earl  Klv^rs  nml  tbe  later  Planta- 

fenetts,  Edward  Earl  of  Warwick  and 
lli^abeth  of  York  at^orwards  Queen 
of  Henry  VIL  LeUnd  »oys,  '*This 
casicll  id  well  maintained,  by  reason 
that  the  late  Duke  of  Norfolk  lay  ther« 
ten  yeares,  and  «iuce  tbun  tbe  Duke 
of  Kichniondj" — namely,  Henry  Fitz- 
roy,  the  natural  son  of  Henry  VI II, 
who  also  was  President  of  the  North. 
But  alter  that  date  it  was  allowed  to 
fall  into  ruin. 

We  have  thus  hastily  skimmed  over 
the  contents  of  Mr.  Gilfs  book,  in 
order  to  vindicate  the  clain^s  of  The 
Vale  of  York  to  that  high  estimate 
which  was  stated  at  the  commence- 
ment of  our  remarks.  In  so  doing  we 
have  recalled  many  names  which  must 
have  been  familiar  to  every  reader,  even 
if  unaware  that  they  belonged  to  the 
particular  area  of*'  tbe  Vale  of  York/* 
There  won  material  here,,  it  will  bo 
allowed,  for  a  volume  of  bitttorical  to- 
pography of  no  eli/^bt  or  ordinary  in* 
terest;  and  we  gladly  add  that  the 
object  16  to  a  considerable  extent  ac- 
complished. The  book  may,  to  soma 
tastes,  be  not  the  less  agreeable  (rom 
the  brevity  with  which  jKirtJonK  of  the 
subject  are  discussed.  To  other  minds 
it  will  appear  too  summary  and  jtuper- 
ficial.  It  is  no  condemnation  of  such 
a  work  to  say  that  it  is  capable  of  gjeat 
improvement ;  for  auch  is  the  very 
nature  of  histarical  topography.     Mr, 


152 


Gill  will  employ  his  leisure  well  by 
continuing  his  collections  for  another 
and  improved  edition. 

But,  before  we  conclude,  we  cannot 
refrain  from  the  remark  that  there  is 
one  particular  which  requires  almost 
continual  correction.  The  author  shows 
a  strong  partiality  for  conjectural  ety- 
mology as  regards  local  nomenclature, 
but  his  conjectures  are,  for  the  most 
part,  so  wild  as  to  be  worse  than  use- 
less. Such  derivations  as  Deira  from 
the  deer  of  the  Forest,  and  Raskelfe 
from  the  rascal  "  beasts  of  venery," 
Tollerton  from  taking  toll  or  tolling  a 
bell,  Stillington  from  stealing'tovfUf 
and  Helper  by  from  help-hard-by  (when 
Faulinus  was  told  his  baptismal  waters 
were  failing !)  are  merely  childish  and 
absurd.  Many  others  are  equally  im- 
probable if  not  so  ridiculous.  The 
f>resent  orthography  of  local  names  is 
frequently  deceptive,  and  the  only 
safe  process  towards  determining  their 
real  etymology  is  to  ascertain  their 
original  orthography.  Tholthorpe  (p. 
401)  is  an  instance  in  point.  Mr.  Gill 
derives  it  "  from  thol  a  resting-place 
and  thorp  a  village  ;"  but  its  Domesday 
name  given  in  the  next  preceding  line 
at  once  contradicts  him.  It  there  oc- 
curs as  Turolfestorp,  which  proves  it 
to  be  one  of  the  numerous  class  of  local 
names  which  are  derived  from  their 
original  settlers  or  early  owners.     It 


The  Life  of  Thomas  Moore. 


[Feb. 


was  the  thorp  of  one  Turol  f.  So  again 
Thirkleby  (p.  334)  is  in  the  Domesday 
Survey  Turgilesbi— the  by  (a  Danish 
settlement)  of  one  Torchil :  which  again 
contradicts  the  conjecture  hazarded  in 
p.  321,  that  **  Thor  the  chief  god  of 
the  Saxons  seems  to  have  been  the 
favourite  deity  of  this  neighbourhood," 
because  the  names  of  7%or-manby, 
rAir-kleby,  Thirl-hy,  Thirsk,  may  all 
be  derivea  from  him.  An  allusion  to 
the  worship  of  Thor  in  any  of  these 
cases  is  surely  imaginary,  for  even 
Thormanby  is  in  Domesday  book  Tor- 
mozbi,  the  by  of  some  Dane  named 
Tormot.  One  Aschil  of  Danish  birth 
held  the  manor  at  the  survey.  This 
feature  of  Mr.  Gill's  book  we  have 
considered  it  the  more  requisite  to 
notice,  because  these  and  the  like  et^r- 
molomcal  vagaries  are  neither  inci- 
dental nor  brief,  but  altogether,  with 
their  comments,  occupy  a  considerable 
proportion  of  its  pages.  Those  who 
are  inclined  to  pursue  the  interesting 
but  delusive  mazes  of  etymology,  as 
respects  our  local  nomenclature,  will 
do  well  to  arm  themselves  with  the 
comprehensive  but  lucid  and  judicious 
treatise  on  that  subject  by  Professor 
L(io  of  Halle,  of  which  an  English 
translation  has  been  recently  pub- 
lished by  an  accomplished  English 
antiquary.* 


THE  LIFE  OF  THOMAS  MOORE. 

)ondence  of  Thomas  ^/ 
lussell.  2  vols.  1853. 


Memoirs,  Journal,  and  Correspondence  of  Thomas  Moore.     Edited  by  Lord  John 
Ru      •    -      •         -- 


IT  is  impossible  that  they  who 
have  in  their  memories  the  advent  of 
works  now  thrust  aside  by  the  mul- 
tiplicity of  fresh  claimants  on  public 
favour,  should  see  them  and  their 
authors  brought  afresh  on  the  stage 
without  a  revival  of  old  associations, 
both  "  pleasant  and  mournful."  To 
many  of  our  present  readers,  criticisms 
on  Thomas  Moore  may  not  be  much 
more  stirring  than  remarks  on  Cowper 
or  Johnson ;  not  so  with  the  numbers 
who  sang  the  Irish  Melodies  and  laughed 


at  the  Fudge  Family,  who  are  of  age  to 
have  partaken  in  the  interests  of  the 
latter  years  of  Greorge  the  Third,  and 
who  shared  in  the  mingled  hopes  and 
fears  of  the  Regency.  The  time,  indeed, 
is  not,  in  itself,  long  since  Byron  and 
Moore  carried  all  before  them ;  and 
Wordsworth,  in  spite  of  the  somewhat 
oppressive  efforts  of  zealous  admirers, 
was  parodied,  and,  by  many,  jested  at. 
It  is  not  the  months,  nor  the  years,  but 
the  mighty  increase  of  readers  and 
writers — the  ceaseless  flow  of  ideas — 


Treatise  on  the  Local  Nomenclature  of  the  Anglo-Saxons.  1852.  12mo.  (Lumlcy.) 
5 


1853.] 


The  Life  of  Thomas  Moore* 


253 


tlie  rapid  move  men  ts*  mechanical  and 
mental,  that  sweep  away,  before  their 
time,  stores  of  bcuutilul  thiags  de- 
serving of  long  life  in  a  natioo's  heart 
and  mind. 

We  do  not  Bay  that  these  are  like 
[Iruits  of  a  season — decayed  and  ^one 
Ifor  ever.  We  believe  many  of  tliem 
ffrill  be  co-existcnt  with  the  language  in 
which  they  were  penned;  we  mean  only 
to  advert  to  the  small  allowance  of  time 
left  us  by  the  numerous  productions  of 
the  day.  This  especially  tells  in  the  case 
of  works  not  old  enough  to  be  venera- 
ble. For  antiquity  itself,  thi^  present 
age  surely  has  a  tiiate.  It  loves  to  rake 
up  legends  and  hunt  an  old  pedigree 
to  death,  and  a  rain  and  an  ancient 
ballad  arc  precious  in  its  sight,  Happy 
then  is  it  for  an  author  who  wishes  to 
be  popular  thut  he  haa  two  strings  to 
his  bow — that  his  poetry  lives  lyong 
with  his  music,  and  one  can  never  be 
thought  of  henceforth  without  the 
other.  This  ia  an  advantage  eminently 
given  to  Thomas  Moore,  but  it  is  one 
which  he  shares  with  many  othei's  of 
our  English  poets-  He  who  ventures 
to  search  amid  much  rubbish  and  much 
that  is  foul  and  unwholesome,  will  find 
exrjuisite  songs  interspersed  with  our 
old  plays  and  masques,  and  amid  out 
madiHgals.  No  need  to  name  Shak- 
spere  and  Ben  Jonson ;  there  are  Mar- 
lowe, and  Wotton,  and  Ciirew,  and 
Lovelace,  and  Ilerrick,  and  lleywood, 
and  in  ScotlanJ  we  have  Montrose,  and 
Allan  Ramsay,  and  Lady  Ann  Lind- 
say, and  Susannali  Blainire,  and  Burns, 
and  Nicols,  and  Seott^  and  Hoggj  and 
Bethune,  and  Motherwell,  What  more 
mantul  than  Montrose? — 
Bat,  if  no  faitUlcss  action  stain 

Tby  truth  and  coustaot  wordi 
ril  make  thee  fatnoos  by  my  penj 

And  glorious  by  tny  Aword, 
rtl  love  thee  in  such  noble  ways 

As  ne^'er  were  known  before  \ 
V\\  deck  and  crown  tby  head  with  bays^ 

And  love  thee  more  and  more. 

And  what  more  touching  than  the 
words  of  Ford's  old   madrigal  (date 
1{j20)  beginning — 
When  firat  I  sjliv  your  face,  I  vowM 

To  honor  and  renown  yon : 
If  now  I  be  disdain*d,  I  wiih 

My  heart  had  ncTcr  known  you. 


What!  I  that  lov'dt  and  you  that  lik'd. 

Shall  we  begin  to  wrangle  ? 
Noj  no,  no*  no — my  heart  is  fast, 

And  cannot  disentangle. 

And,  again,  bow  light  and  graceful 
is  Hoywood'g  Morning  Carol : — 

Pack  clouds  away  and  welcome  day  ! 

With  night  we  baoisli  sorrow  ; 
Sweet  air  blow  soft,  mouot  larks  aloft, 

To  bid  my  love  good  morrow. 
Wings  from  the  wind  to  please  her  mind, 

Notes  from  the  Urk,  \\\  borraw  \ 
Bird*  prune  thy  wing^  nightingale  aing, 

To  give  my  love  good  morrow. 

Wake  from  thy  nest,  Robio  redbreast » 

Sing,  birds,  in  every  furrow, 
Aod  from  each  hill  Ji^t  music  eh  rill 

Give  my  fair  love  good  morrow. 
Blackbird  and  thrush,  in  every  bush, 

Stare,  linnet,  and  cock*sparrow. 
You  pretty  elves,  among  yourselves, 

Sing  my  fair  love  good  morrow. 

It  is  truly  one  great  blessing  of  living 
at  this  present  time  that  so  much  of 
what  ia  beautiful  in  the  past  is  again 
made  oui'  own.  In  looking  over  Dr. 
Aikln's  Collection  of  Songs,  second 
edition,  1774  (nearly  80  years  ago), 
we  were  lately  much  struck  with  its 
poverty.  Few  of  our  most  beautiful 
old  English  songs  are  included.  The 
doctor  sets  out  with  announcing  that 
the  ^*  chief  sources  of  good  songs  are 
the  miscellany  poems  and  plays  from 
the  time  of  Charles  the  Second  to  the 
conclusion  of  Queen  Anne^s  reign." 
Thus  his  list  of  authors  does  not  < 
actually  bring  in  one  of  those  we  have 
named  abovc^ — men  for  whom  Lawes, 
and  W 11  bye,  and  Locke,  and^  we  be- 
lieve, Purccll  and  Blowc  composed 
their  line  music.  * 

It  woukl  be  wrong  to  overlook  the 
merit^^  of  later  writers, — of  iMrs.  Opie, 
and  of  Dilxlin,  some  of  whose  songs, 
as  national  popular  lyrics,  arc  scarcely 
less  beautiful  than  many  of  Barns' 
songs  for  landsmen,  though  they  are 
curiously  placed  as  the  objects  of  a  re- 
flected rather  than  an  imme<liat€  admi- 
ration ;  for,  while  they  have  long  been 
the  darlings  of  this  nmritime  nation,  we 
believe  it  is  a  fact  that  to  the  common 
sailor  himself  they  nover  were  very  at- 
tractivOi  the  practical  "  poor  Jack*' 
deeming  them  pedmitic  refinementa 
upon  the  genuine  article. 


*  Br.  AlkiDf  we  believei  afterwards  published  a  later  end  much  Improved  edition  of 
this  work,  which  we  have  not  Been. 
Geht.  Mao,  Vol.  XXXIX.  X 


154 


The  Life  of  Thomas  Moore. 


[Feb. 


Oiir  high  regard  for  Thomas  Moore 
as  a  lyric  poet  has  led  us  thus  far  to 
remark  on  him  chiefly  as  carrying  on, 
though  in  a  more  courtly  manner  than 
man^  of  his  predecessors,  the  line  of 
British  song.  It  has  indeed  been  said, 
we  think  unfairly,  that  his  lyrics  are 
710^  national,  but  the  product  of  arti- 
ficial life,  and  it  has  been  of  late  the 
fashion  to  take  a  somewhat  depre- 
ciating tone  respecting  them,  ifow, 
that  they  are  not  songs  for  the  people, 
in  the  sense  in  which  many  of  the  songs 
of  Burns  arc  so,  we  allow  :  but,  unless 
the  large  class  of  cultivated  men  and 
women  throughout  England,  Ireland, 
and  Scotland,  are  to  be  de-nationalized, 
simply  because  they  grow  up  in  easy 
circumstances,  are  tolerably  well  fed 
and  well  clothed,  and  live  in  decent 
houses,  we  are  at  a  loss  to  conceive  why 
the  songs  of  Moore  should  be  less  the 
echo  of  their  nationality  than  songs  of 
a  tnore  homely  style  are  supposed  to  be. 

It  is  time,  however,  to  say  a  few 
words  respecting  our  poet  in  his  more 
lengthened  performances.  There  is  no 
denyinff,  we  think,  the  faults  of  that 
excitable  and  exciting  school  to  which 
Moore  belonged,  and  which  Byron 
headed.  The  world  has  found  them 
out :  the  time  of  recoil  has  come  lon^ 
ago ;  and  perhaps  we  do  not  now  suf- 
ficiently estimate  the  good  these  writers 
did.  llieir  clearness,  their  correctness, 
the  marvellous  mastery  of  language 
*  they  exhibited,  their  general  accuracy 
and  harmony  of  versification,  scarcely 
ever  departed  from,  however  distur- 
bing the  subjects  of  which  they  treated, 
are   allowed  by  all ;  but  we  do  not, 

rrhaps,  adequately  value  the  return 
realities  of  a  deep  and  inward  kind, 
for  which  their  poetry  at  all  events 
paved  the  way.  it  brought  back  more 
than  a  touch  of  Shakspere  to  a  time 
which  was  learning  to  regard  poetry 
only  as  one  of  the  elegant  amusements 
of  refined  life.  The  poetry  of  Byron 
And  his  friends  was,  indeed,  written  in 
characters  of  fire,  and  consumed,  in- 
stead of  vivifying,  many  an  inflammable 
soul ;  but  much  of  truth,  which  they 
themselves  never  uttered,  was  never- 
theless brought  out  by  their  example. 
It  threw  a  new  life  and  vigour  mto 
the  literature  of  our  day,  not  merely 
into  our  poetry ;  and,  with  all  its  ap- 
parent opposition,  we  regard  it  as  cer- 
tain that  it  paved  the  way  for  the 


ample    acknowledgment    of   Words - 
worthian  excellence. 

Of  Moore,  whom  we  compare  to  By- 
ron chiefly  in  his  LallaRookh,  we  yet  do 
not  speak  as  at  all  equal  to  the  mighty 
master.  Sentiment,  fancy,  wit,  a  flow 
of  animal  spirits,  an  unexampled  quick- 
ness of  combination,  a  kindly  heart, 
strong  amatory  and  convivial  tenden- 
cies, a  vivid  perception  at  once  of  the 
pathetic  ana  the  ludicrous,  a  ready 
flow  of  words,  and  a  perfe(;t  ear  for 
both  music  and  poetry,  were  his  great 
characteristics.  He  took  life  very 
easily.  It  rarely  seems,  at  least  so  far 
as  we  have  yet  become  acquainted  with 
his  view  of  it,  to  have  been  seen  for 
the  serious  thing  it  ever  is.  Though 
never,  we  think,  profoundly  national, 
and  calling  oflT  from  all  association  with 
those  whom  he  deemed  the  vulo^ar  in 
the  Irish  parties,  Moore  had  all  the 
lightsomeness  and  the  pathos  of  his 
race.  His  position  in  the  world  of  Enrr- 
lish  society  was  exceedingly  agreeable, 
and  he  had  tact  enough  always  to  keep 
well  with  it,  and  to  get  himself  par- 
doned for  songs  and  sentiments  which 
would  have  been  signals  for  the  ba- 
nishment of  most  other  men  from  re- 
spectable and  moral  circles.  And  then, 
even  his  vanity  kept  him  up  to  the 
mark.  It  did  not,  like  that  of  too  many 
authors,  take  the  form  of  envy,  and 
become  condensed  in  the  dark  under- 
ground stream  of  malignity;  it  sparkled 
and  effervesced,  it  flew  in  your  face, 
and  yet  left  behind  a  residue  draught 
of  refreshing  flavour  and  spirit.  No- 
body, we  really  think,  should  doubt 
that  the  Irish  melodies  are  genuine 
outpourings  of  a  feeling  heart.  No- 
thing sureyr  can  surpass  the  tenderness 
breathing  m  such  verses  as  "  Farewell, 
but  whenever  you  welcome  the  hour  ;'* 
the  patriotic  indignation  disguised  in 
the  song,  ♦*  When  nrst  I  met  thee,  warm 
and  young;"  and  the  exquisite  appre- 
ciation of  the  character  of  true  love 
shown  in  that  song  of  contrast,  which 
it  would  be  an  injury  to  curtail  of  a 
single  word — 

To  sigh,  yet  feel  no  pain, — 

To  weep,  yet  scarce  know  why, — 
To  sport  an  hour  with  beauty's  chain. 

Then  throw  it  lightly  by : 
To  kneel  at  many  a  shrine, 

Yet  lay  the  heart  on  none, 
To  think  all  other  charms  divine 

But  those  we  jiitt  have  won : — 


1853.] 


The  Life  of  Thmnuf  VoQre, 


155 


This  is  love — earwleit  lof e— 
ifivLch  as  kindleth  ht&ns  that  rove. 

Po  keep  out  sacred  flame 

Thro'  life  unchiU'd^  uum(>v'tl, — 
Mo  love  iu  wintry  agu  the  same 

As  first  in  yooth  we  lov'tl : 
To  feel  til  at  we  adore 

With  such  refined  excest,  [mare, 

That  thout^h  the  heart  would  hrcuk  with 

It  CDold  not  live  with  Ic^s  i — 
Ills  is  love— /aiM/<i/  love— 
Sach  as  saints  might  feel  above. 

Ati4  now  as  to  the  volumyj*  bulbrt? 
us.     Whilst   the    imj>resskui    derived 
^pcom  their  contents  is  tavtiuiuble  in  u 
lOFiil  point  of  view — far,  we  believe^ 
beyond  general  expectation — it  ii«t  with 
the  exception  of  the  autobiography, 
'disappointing  in  all  else.     The  letters 
lare  genuine,  isimple,  ulleelionsite  efFn* 
Ijpions,  vaJuable  lor  the  liglit  they  throw 
ron  Moore's  domestic  character,  eheery 
n&  they  show  him  iiidiardened  Ijy  fauie 
|tnd  worMly  eonneetion,  but  singularly 
ae.'^titnte  rd'  anything  benrin<^  the  im- 
press ol'  thoui.^ht.     He  ifi  complacent, 
feappy,  deligtited  with  his  own  popu- 
liirity.    Of  honest   niiich   less  rigid, 
iiscmline  of  mind  I  here  is  no  trace. 
■We  niivc  not  ik  doubt  (hut  bis  heart 
Pollen  sprung  np  Iroin  the  ground  in 
Hdoration  and  gratitude  to  the  Giver 
|ef  Good,  and  that  he  found  relief  from 
ayer  in  distress.     Traces   of  these 
rames  are  not  unfreciuent*    "  Lefin  on 
iGod,  Bessy,  lean  on  God,'*  was  hiii  /'re- 
l^uent  cbarge  to  hin  wife.     lie  never, 
Fe    should   judge,    experienced    the 
Jieary  sorrows  of  doubt  as  respected 
^  abstract  truthi*  of  Rcvehition ;  and, 
riaay  be  said  that  this  was  because 
vi  was  too  vei^satile,  too  little  of  a 
linker  on  any  subject,  we  reply  tJjat, 
tiougb   this   13   partly   true,   yet   his 
irning,  his  considerable  actjuisitions 
ecclesiastical  bi.story»  laid  him  open 
^  historic  difficulties,  when  those  of  a 
netaphysical   kind  did  not   approach 
iSm.    ^yith  all  this,  there  is  little  depth 
pf  application  of  the  highest  truths  : 
tfie  cjirelesa,  ready  way  in  which   he 
neld   himself  free   to   undertake   sa- 
''^redfloii|B  and  versions  of  the  Tsalms, 
M^li  110  ft  painful  imprecision  of  »hal- 
lowne^  from   which   we   would   fain 
escape  if  we  knew  but  how.    It  may 
be    doubted    whether    in    the   whole 
reach   of  Enf^lish    published  thought 
there  is  anything  in  greater  contrai^t 
than  the  tender,  awe^strickea  nspira- 


tions  of  a  8pif*it  like  that  of  Hartley 
Coleridge,  and  the  umiuestioning  wil- 
linguesa  of  Moore  to  stretch  out  a 
helping  hand  towards  God's  holy  ark. 
From  thid  sense  of  untitne^ss  it  is  tb^t 
we  can  hardly  relish  Moore  as  a  sacred 
lyrist,  any  more  than  Count  d*Orsay  as 
a  jwrtrayer  of  the  Saviour's  divine 
cuantcimnce. 

We  huve  advertwi  to  the  autoblo- 
gi'aphy.  Perhaps  there  is,  not  a  similar 
record  in  our  language  more  clever 
and  interesting  in  its  way  than  this. 
It  would  be  impossible  to  do  it  justice 
in  extracts-  One  of  its  chief  beauties 
Is  in  the  ln«:idental  touches  by  which 
the  charjuing  (!haracter  of  Moore's 
mother  comes  out  —  that  delightful 
L'iahwonian  who,  with  intense  nation- 
ality, cond»ined  in  such  a  rare  degree 
sense,  prudence,  high  principle,  and 
self-sacrilice.  Amid  nil  her  pecuniary 
diliiculties,  a  aniillng  home  was  never 
wnnting  to  her  son.  Such  wa.4  her 
lively  sympathy  in  every  taste  and 
pursuit  of  her  children,  that  they  seem 
to  have  regarded  her  rather  as  an  elder 
sister  thii  n  a  parent.  For  them,  for  their 
pleasure  and  improvement,  she  prac- 
tised her  rigid  domestic  economies^  de- 
termined that  in  their  education  at  lea^t 
no  stint  should  be  observed.  She  drew 
into  the  little  rooms  social  and  joyous 
supper*parties,  where  she  herself  set  the 
example  of  i?ong,— her  clear,  musical 
voice  giving  forth  her  favourite  air, 
'*  How  sweet  in  the  woodlands,"  Out 
of  every  casual  instructor  she  managed 
to  make  a  zealous,  attachod  friend. 
No  doubt  the  seeds  of  knowledge  in 
Moore's  case  fell  into  a  rich  soil,  and  he 
wits  soon  enabled  to  surpiiss  bid  teach- 
ers, but  we  iiucstion  whether  the  highest 
intellectual  instructor  would  have  done 
for  him  what  was  achieved  under 
the  zealous  and  attached  supervision 
of  his  mother*  Certainly  there  must 
have  been  something  uncoiumon  in  the 
ascendancy  of  one  who  could  [lerse- 
veringly  wake  the  boy  out  of  his  sleep 
at  night  to  repeat  his  lessons,  if  not 
previously  heard,  without  the  idea  of 
tmrd-ihip  or  distaste  arising  in  his  mind 
from  suc!i  inflexibility. 

To  this  mother  Moure  af^rwards 
maile  it  a  jn  uctice  to  write  twice  every 
week  when  separated  from  her.  She 
waa  a  Catholic,  of  course,  and  so  was 
he,  always  attending  the  chapel  in 
Moorfields  when  in  London.    Coafes* 


156 


The  Life  of  ThomcLs  Moore. 


[Feb. 


sion  he  found,  however,  very  revolt- 
ing ;  and,  thouch  his  mother  had  se- 
lected one  of  the  worthiest  priests  in 
Dublin  to  make  the  duty  more  pala- 
table, in  no  long  time  she  yielded  to 
his  earnest  representations  and  gave 
up  this  point. 

Up  to  1793  (when  he  was  fourteen) 
Moore,  in  common  with  all  the  Ca- 
tholic youth,  was  excluded  from  Tri- 
nity College,  Dublin,  and  from  all 
prospect  of  rising  at  the  bar ;  but  at 
that  time  the  disqualification  being 
removed  he  entered  the  University, 
and  here,  of  course,  his  more  dis- 
tinguished Irish  friends  were  made. 
Jebb,  late  Bishop  of  Limerick,  on  one 
side,  and  poor  Robert  Emmett  on  the 
other,  kept  him  pretty  well  balanced 
as  to  the  different  political  views  of 
the  time,  and,  though  he  could  not  but 
Incline  to  the  hopes  and  fears  of  the 
liberty  party,  yet  out  of  regard  to  his 
mother  he  managed  to  keep  pretty 
clear  of  any  personal  odium;  and  it 
seems  that  during  the  worst  part  of 
the  rebellion  he  was  visited  by  severe 
illness.  In  1798-9  he  went  to  London, 
entering  the  Temple.  His  legal  studies, 
however,  did  not  prosper  like  his 
poetical  ones :  Anacreon  was  in  pro- 
cess of  translation :  he  became  an 
expectant  of  patronage,  and  was  kept 
in  a  state  of  suspense  and  of  hang- 
ing on  great  men  which  must  have 
materially  obstructed  his  improve- 
ment. These  were  years  of  irreparable 
loss,  and  they  who  have  heard  of  his 
dissipation,  and  know  anything  of  his 
early  writings,  should  certainly  take 
into  account  the  peculiarly  tempting 
and  hazardous  position  in  which  these 
eight  best  years  of  his  life  were  passed, 
l^t  he  made  some  valuable  friends,  and 
was  never  wholly  idle,  often  indeed  the 
very  reverse. 

So  far  as  adventure  goes,  his  life 
has  little  interest.  Its  charm  is  in  the 
insight  it  gives  into  the  literary  un- 
dertakings, the  social  meetings,  and 
the  political  talk  of  his  time :  between 
Holland  House  and  Bowood,  between 
bargains  with  the  great  booksellers, 
and  passing  notices  of  Lord  Byron, 


Jeffrey,  Rogers,  Lord  Holland,  and 
many  more,  come  in  very  refreshing 
fireside  pictures.  His  wife,  his  young 
family,  his  growing  obligations  to  work 
for  them  and  for  his  aged  parents,  and 
his  honest  endeavours  to  keep  clear  of 
debt,  contributed  to  form  that  prac- 
tical side  of  his  character  which  was 
so  creditable  to  him,  and  which  the 
early  part  of  his  career  would  hardly 
have  led  us  to  anticipate. 

And  now  a  few  words  may  be  al- 
lowed as  to  the  editorial  part  of  these 
volumes.  While  we  coraially  admire 
Lord  John  Russell's  preface, — a  model 
of  calm,  tasteful,  and  sensible  writing, 
— we  own  it  considerably  adds  to  our 
feeling  of  regret  that  so  good  and  so 
candid  an  editor  should  not  have  in- 
terspersed, with  the  materials,  more 
records  of  Moore's  life  as  it  appeared 
to  those  who  saw  him  often  and  knew 
what  his  relations  were  with  the  po- 
litical and  literary  men  of  his  day. 
The  work  at  present  seems  to  us  far 
too  exclusively  self-biography.  It  is 
scarcely  possible  but  that  Lord  John 
Russell  must  be  in  possession  of  stores 
of  interesting  additions :  even  if  unable 
himself  to  devote  much  time  to  shaping 
these  into  the  connected  form  of  a 
biography,  like  Moore's  of  Byron,  or 
Lockhart's  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  surely 
he  might  have  applied  to  some  one  or 
two  common  friends  whose  communi- 
cations would  at  once  have  embellished 
and  contributed  to  the  substantial 
value  of  the  work.  Seldom,  indeed, 
does  it  fall  to  an  editor's  lot  to  be  so 
materially  aided  as  in  this  case  by 
Moore's  interesting  journal;  but  we 
tire  both  of  that  and  of  the  letters, 
taken  alone,  and  want  the  break  of 
reply  or  of  comment. 

Perhaps  in  future  volumes  we  shall 
be  more  favoured  in  this  respect. 
Meanwhile  public  thanks  are  largely 
due  to  the  noble  editor,  whose  recent 
resumption  of  the  duties  of  office  will 
not,  we  trust,  interfere  with  the  fulfil- 
ment of  a  task  so  interesting,  a  task 
which,  in  so  far  as  it  has  been  already 
performed,  fails  rather  by  defect  than 
by  excess. 


157 


DR.  YOUNG— DR,  AK  ENS  IDE— JAMES  BOSWELL, 
Br,  youNQ. 


I 
I 
I 


JOHNSON  got  lazy  towards  the 
conclusion  of  his  Lives  of  the  Poets, 
and  was  glad  to  accept  the  offer  of  a 
life  of  Young  from  Mr.  Herbert  Croft, 
then  a  barrister  of  Liucola^s  Inn,  afler- 
wardB  a  clergyman,  and  stiil  remem- 
bered as  Sir  J&erbert  Crofi,  and  as  the 
author  of  **  Love  and  Madness,"  a  kind 
of  novel  founded  on  the  story  of 
Mr.  Hack  man  and  Miss  Ray.  Croft 
was  the  friend  of  Dr.  Young's  son, 
but,  judging  from  the  Life^  he  would 
not  appeiir  to  have  known  much  of 
Young  ;  while  he  has  fallen  into  some 
curious  blunders  that  deserve  to  be 
corrected  in  any  future  edition  of  John - 
ion's  Livea,*  Urott,  however,  was  dili- 
gent in  his  inquiries  about  Y^oungj  and 
made  applications  forinformntionabout 
him  to  several  of  his  friends,  among 
others  to  ^Irs.  Montagu,  whose  letter 
in  reply  I  was  allowetl  to  ct»py  from 
the  original,  then  in  the  possession  of 
thekte  *^ Tom  Hill/'  As  this  letter 
juci'its  publication,  and  has  never  been 
in  print,  I  send  it  for  i>rc!?ervation  and 
public  use  to  the  pages  of  Sylvanus, 

To  Herbert  Croft,  Esq.  Southampton  Row, 
Loadan. 

Saodleford,  Sept  17,1782. 
Mre*  Montagu  presents  her  compliments 
to  Mr.  Croft,  and  would  have  returned  an 
answer  to  hifl  letter  soonerp  but  being  in 
the  country  it  was  delayed  on  its  way  to 
her,  Iq  reg:ard  to  **  Resignation,"  the 
mutter  which  gave  occasion  to  that  poem 
WM  flimply  thia  :  Mrs.  Montagu  having 
ohienred  that  Mrs.  Boscaweni  in  her  great 
and  just  grief  for  the  loss  of  the  Admiral, 
icemed  to  lind  some  cnnsolatioin  in  read* 
ing  Dr.  Young's  Night  Thoughts,  ahe 
wished  to  give  her  an  opportunity  of  con- 
versing with  him,  baring  herself  always 
thought  his  unbounded  genius  appeared 
to  greater  advantage  iu  the  companion  than 
the  author.     The  Chri»<tian  was  in  liim  a. 


De.  Akleksipb, 

Akenside's  share  in  "  Dodsley's  Mu- 
seum," and  the  remuneration  he  re- 


I 


character  more  inspired,  more  enraptured, 
more  subltme,  than  the  Poet ;  and  ia  his 
ordinary  conversation, — 

letting  down  the  goldcu  chain  iVoni  aigb, 

He  drtw  hla  aadionoe  upward  lo  t\w  sky, 

Mrs.  M.  therefore  proposed  to  Mrs.  Bos- 
cawen  and  Mrs.  Carter  to  go  with  her  to 
Welwyn  :  it  is  unnecessary  to  add  that  the 
visit  answered  every  expectation. 

Mrs.  Montagu  is  very  sorry  it  is  not  in 
her  power  to  furnish  Mr.  Croft  with  any 
important  circumstances  in  Dr*  Young "^s 
life  ;  but  he  was  sank  into  the  vale  of  years 
and  qylet  retreat,  before  she  had  the  hon- 
our and  happiness  of  his  acquaintancesp  and 
his  contemplation  being  then  chiefly  inteut 
on  things  above  the  vistitie  diurnal  sphere^ 
be  rarely  talked  of  the  earlier  and  more 
active  part  of  his  life.  From  others  she 
lias  beard  mnny  things  greatly  to  his  credit ; 
particularly  an  act  of  uncommon  hberality 
to  his  lady's  daughter  by  her  first  hus- 
band  ;  but  as  they  were  delivered  to  her 
In  the  vague  relations  of  common  discofirs>e| 
she  cannot  speak  of  them  with  such  cer- 
tainty and  precision  as  Mr.  Croft *s  pur- 
pose requirei;.  Thia  deficiency  she  greatly 
lamentSp  noi  only  on  account  of  the  hon- 
our they  would  have  done  to  the  memory 
of  her  departed  friend,  but  likewise  for  the 
sake  of  the  world,  to  whom  they  would 
have  held  forth  patterns  of  right  and  noble 
conduct.  Though  right  and  wrong  are  de- 
clared and  mode  known  to  us  by  higher 
wisdom  thon  .human  wisdom,  yet  such  is 
the  perverseness  of  inankiad  they  are  more 
aji^t  to  be  inducuced  by  the  example  of 
persons  celebrated  for  their  parts  than  by 
pure  precept ;  for  die  same  reason,  io  an 
unbetieving  age,  the  interests  of  religion 
are  connected  with  the  character  of  a  man 
so  distinguished  for  piety  as  Dr.  Young. 
Though  unable  to  assist  Mr.  Croft,  she 
must  ever  ret^peet  him  for  endeavouring  to 
get  information  from  Dr.  Y^oiuig's  Mends 
concerning  himj  instead  of  collecting  from 
the  whispers  of  calumny  idle  tales  by  which 
to  blast  the  memory  of  a  good  mau,  and 
prevent  the  edification  of  a  good  example. 


ceived  from  Dodslcy  for  his  services  in 
that  work,  have  eacai>ed  hia  biographer. 


*  Let  mc  observe  hens  that  I  commenced  my  now  largely  aod  ctiriouBly  anaoLaUMl 
copy  of  Johnson's  Lives  in  the  year  1839,  and  that  I  have  nearly  ready  for  pnblicatioa 
a  new  edition  of  the  Lives,  with  such  corrections  and  new  inatter  inserted  as  my  own 
unceasing  love  for  the  work  has  enabled  me  to  supply *i^P.  C. 


158 


Dr.  Akenside — James  BoawelL 


[Feb. 


All  that  Mr.  Dyce  says  on  the  subject, 
in  his  able  and  otherwise  ample  life  of 
the  poet,  is  as  follows :  "  He  also  con- 
tributed to  Dodsley's  excellent  periodi- 
cal publication,  The  Museum,  or  Lite- 
rary and  Historical  Register,  several 
prose  papers  which  deserve  to  be  re- 
printed.* The  following  document, 
from  the  original  in  my  possession,  is 
new  to  the  biography  of  tne  poet : — 

Jany.  20,  1745-6. 

Dr.  Akinside  ingages  to  Mr.  Dodsley 
for  six  months,  commeDciog  the  25th  of 
March  next, — 

To  prepare  and  have  ready  for  the  press 
once  a  fortnight,  one  Essay,  whenever  ne- 
cessary, for  carrying  on  a  work  to  be  called 
The  Museum.    And  also. 

To  prepare  and  have  ready  for  the  press, 
once  a  fortnight,  an  account  of  the  most 
considerable  books  in  English,  Latin, 
French,  or  Italian,  which  have  been  lately 
published,  and  which  Mr.  Dodsley  shall 

James 

It  is  not  known  that  Sir  Alexander 
Boswell  inherited  his  love  of  poetry 
from  his  father,  and  that  the  biographer 
of  Johnson,  like  his  son,  was  occasion- 
ally a  ijoet.  The  following  song,  now 
first  printed,  and  from  the  origmal  in 
Boswell's  own  handwriting,  was  written 
by  the  charming  biographer  of  John- 


famish  :  and  the  said  Account  of  Books 
shall  be  so  much  in  quantity  as,  along  with 
the  ^ssay  above  mentioned,  may  fill  a  sheet 
and  a  half  in  small  pica,  whenever  so  much 
is  necessary  for  carrying  on  the  said  design. 

Dr.  Akinside  also  engages  to  supervise 
the  whole,  and  to  correct  the  press  of  his 
own  part.     On  condition — 

That  Mr.  Dodsley  shall  pay  to  Dr.  Akin- 
side fifty  pounds  on  or  before  the  27th  of 
September  next. 

^is  also  agreed  that  so  long  as  Mr. 
Dodsley  thinks  proper  to  continue  the 
Paper,  and  so  long  as  Dr.  Akinside  con- 
sents to  manage  it,  the  terms  above  men- 
tioned shall  remain  in  force,  and  not  less 
than  an  hundred  pounds  per  annum  be 
offered  by  Mr.  Dodlsley,  nor  more  insisted 
op  by  Dr.  Akinside,  as  witness  our  hands, 
Mark  Akinside. 
RoBT.  Dodsley. 

This  document  is  in  Akenside^s 
handwriting. 


Boswell. 

son,  in  comuiemoration  of  a  tour  he 
made  with  the  famous  Mrs.  Rudd 
whilst  she  was  under  his  protection, 
and  for  living  with  whom  he  was  nearly 
disinherited  by  his  father.  Boswell 
occasionally  sung  the  song  on  ihe  Home 
Circuit. 


LUR6AN  CLANBRASSIL. 

A  SUPPOSED  IRISH  SONG. 

7\m«~"  Drunk  at  night  and  dry  in  tht  morning.*' 

O  Lurgan  Clanbrassil  1  how  sweet  is  thy  sound 
To  my  tender  remembrance  as  Love's  sacred  ground  ; 
For  there  gentle  Fainelagh  first  charm'd  my  sight, 
And  fiird  my  young  heart  with  a  fluttering  deUght. 

When  I  thought  her  my  own,  O  !  too  phort  seemed  the  day 
In  a  jaunt  to  Down  Patrick,  or  a  trip  on  the  sea ; 
To  describe  what  I  felt  then  all  language  were  vain, 
Twas  in  truth  what  the  poets  have  studied  to  feign. 

But  I  found,  oh  !  alas  !  that  e'en  she  could  deceive, 
Then  nothing  was  left  but  to  sigh,  weep,  and  rave ; 
Distracted  I  fled  from  my  dear  native  shore, 
Resolv'd  to  see  Lurgan  Clanbrassil  no  more. 

Yet  still  in  some  moments  enchanted  I  find 

A  warm  ray  of  her  fondness  beam  soft  on  my  mind  : 

While  thus  in  bright  fancy  my  Angel  I  see. 

All  the  world  is  a  Lurgan  Clanbrassil  to  me. 


Of  Margaret  Caroline  Rudd,  so  in- 
timately connected  with  the  forgeries 
of  the  rerreaus,  there  is  this  mention 
in  Boswell's  biography : — 

I  talked  a  good  deal  to  him  [Johnson] 


of  the  celebrated  Margaret  Carc^e  Rudd, 
whom  I  had  visited,  induced  by  the  fame  of 
her  talents,  address,  and  irresistible  power 
of  liascination.  To  a  lady  who  disapproved 
of  my  visiting  her,  he  said,  on  a  former 
occasion,  <*Nay,  Madam,  Boiweli  is  in 


1853,] 


A  Journey  from  Paris  tn  ftuhf  in  1736, 


I 
I 


tte  right  ;  I  should  have  visited  ber  my- 
self, were  it  not  that  they  have  now  a  trick 
of  putting  everything  into  the  newspapers.** 
This  evening  he  exclnimed,  '*  I  envy  him 
his  acqutdntttnce  with  Mrs.  Rudd/' 

b 

■         IT  was  now  time  for  ua  to  turn  our 

H      faces  south  towards  Italy. 

H  To  the  reconi ni e n d a  tiona  we  got  fro m 

H  London,"  from  Dr*  Mead  and  others 
to  their  friends  in  Italjj  I  must  add 
we  had  from  Mons.  IMano,  the  greate.^t 

I  book  and  print  seller  in  FariSj  recom- 
mendations to  the  academies  in  Florence 
and  Rome. 
1736,  A\igiat  28,— Mr.  Rflmsay  and 
I  wrote  letters  to  Edinburgh  from  this 
place,  and  next  dnj  set  out  Ibr  Italy, 
by  the  way  of  Lynns,  in  the  wat^ir- 
coach  upon  the  river  Beine  drawn  by 
horsses  agaiui^t  the  ^trtmm.  We  had  a 
grenl  variety  of  company,  good  and 

■  bad, — monkK,  juries ts,  soldiers,  sailors, 
merchants,  and  others.  In  general  they 
were  very  noij^y,  cat,  drank,  and  sung 
perpetually ;  and  at  night  those  that 
did  not  go  aahore  lay  in  the  boat  all 


159 

Would  Johnson  have  envied  him  hiss 
song? 


A  JOUnNEY  FROM  PARIS  TO  ITALY  IN  THE  YEAR  1736, 

By  AtisXA^NOffB  GuNtiri^GHAif,  M,D.,  afterwards  Sir  Axsxandim.  Dick,  of 

PrestonEeld,  Bart 

{Thi  Journal  continued  from  pa jfe  36.) 

called,  this  day  being  Sunday,  for 
Chiilon  in  Burgundy,  where  we  had 
for  company  a  merchant  of  Lyons  and 
his  wife,  Mons.  Marbleu,  Darly,  and 
the  Gardccorps.  We  passed  through 
the  best  wine  country  in  Burgundy, 
and  consequently  in  France.  We  saw 
vineyards  of  no  less  extent  than  fifty 
Scots  acres,  and  the  people  al!  hoeing 
betwixt  the  rows  in  great  nutnbers ; 
the  poles  that  supported  the  grajvcs 
were  no  more  than  lour  feet  high  ;  the 
soil  of  the  vineyards  inclined  mtich  to 
j^ravel,  and  was  full  of  flintish  stones. 
We  were  welcomed  on  the  road  near 
Chalon  by  a  gentleman  of  that  country, 
who  had  formerly  been  our  fellow- 
traveller,  who  received  and  entertained 
us  with  the  m*eatest  civilities,  and  pre- 
sented us  with  the  best  wine5  of  the 
place,  which  were  out  of  his  own 
vineyard?  he  appeared  that  morning 
blooming  and  cbeerfulj  like  the  god  of 
the  vine,  and  gave  us  a  very  obliging 
invitation  to  his  house,  if  we  passed 
that  way  on  our  return.  The  Garde- 
corps  diverted  ns  much;  his  name  was 
Mons.  Blanche tte,  a  true  lively  French- 
man :  while  he  was  with  us  m  the 
water-coach,  we  sung,  eat,  drajik,  and 
slept  well.  8ome  days  before  we  got 
to  Clmlon  we  passed  throu"h  a  very 
rough  coarse  country,  inclming  to  a 
tough  clay,  in  which  sort  of  ground  no 
vines  are  ever  planted,  nor  any  com 
scarcely  sown.  Afterwards  we  cafne 
into  very  fine  woods  of  great  extent. 
In  general,  through  all  France,  they 
have  a  third  of  their  ground  in  summer 
fallow,  and  all  their  ridges  straight. 

Septemb&r  H, — Came  to  Chalon,  and 
after  breakfast  we  set  out  in  the  cache* 
fFeau^  where  we  were  very  well  ac- 
commodated, and  were  very  cheerful 
antl  merry-  Here  we  had  fine  pro- 
8l>ect8,  delightful   villages,    beaittiftil 


higgledy-piggledy,  which  is  their  usual 
custom .  There  wa«  a  K  n  igli  t  o  f  Malta, 
and  a  Flan dri can  with  a  big  belly,  a 
braggadacio  Burgundian,  several  old 
gentlewomen,  and  a  Gardecorps  who 
sung  merry  songs  in  French;  Mons. 
Marbleu  a  Gascon,  and  a  Swiss  gen  tie - 
m&n  who  was  always  asleep,  and  Blons. 
Darly  an  Italian,  and  an  English  abbot. 
We  contracted  more  intimacy  with  the 
Knight  of  Malta^  and  Mons,  Darly  the 
Italian,  in  order  to  improve  ourselves 
In  their  language. 

Aiigmt  31, — Lay  at  Sens,  on  the  side 
of  the  nver :  the  wine  improving  daily 
till  we  calne  into  Burgundy,  This  is 
a  pleaMnt  village,  situated  iipon  the 
side  of  the  rising  ground.  Here  we 
left  the  water-coach. 

Sf^ptrmbrr  1. — Went  with  the  abbot 
and  his  nephew  to  Auxerre  in  Bur- 
gundy, in  a  cumqitiUff  which  is  a  better 
sort  of  cart. 

Stpii'mhrr  2, — ^Frora  Auxerre  we  aet 
out  in  the  coach,  or  dUigmce  as  it  is 


160 


A  Jouvjieif  Jrom  Paris  to  liul^  in  1736. 


[Feb. 


coUines  planted  with  vines,  gardens  and 
country  seats,  for  forty  miles ;  the 
cattle  were  small,  but  mostly  white. 
We  went  down  the  river  quickly,  and 
were  surprised  how  well  the  stulora 
that  work  these  water -coaches  catcbed 
the  turns  of  the  river,  and  how  cleverly 
they  bring  the  vessel  off  when  it  runs 
aground,  imd  how  they  change  the 
horses.  Here  wc  had  nothing  spoken 
of  by  the  military  men  in  our  company, 
or  those  we  happened  to  meet  with,  but 
the  fate  of  the  French  on  the  Rhine, 
but  especially  in  Italy,  where  thejt  pre- 
tend all  to  have  been.  They  spoke 
much  of  the  wounds  they  received  in 
the  different  actions ;  the  bad  eating 
in  Italy ;  and  the  raasi^acre  of  Parraii, 
at  the  battle  which  happened  there 
lately.  The  rougli  old  soldier  and  a 
young  one  in  our  company  dilTcred 
much  about  facts.  We  observed  the 
French  soldiers  were  in  general  iM- 
clothed,  but  they  said  it  was  univer* 
sally  expected  there  would  be  a  reform. 

September  8. — We  entered  Lyons 
thiB  nay :  the  view  of  it  on  our  approach 
la  extremely  picturesque ;  it  h  a  very 
fine  city,  and  fuO  of  trade,  particularly 
in  the  silk  manufacture.  As  wc  ex- 
pected to  stay  longer  in  that  city  on 
our  return  from  Italy  we  stayed  but 
one  night,  at  the  Noans  Ark. 

September  9. — The  Italian  gentleman, 
Mons.  Darly,  set  out  with  us  early  in 
the  morning  for  Marseilles,  by  the 
coche-d'ffaii^  which  cornea  down  the  river 
vary  fast  to  Avignon,  In  our  com- 
pany we  had  a  strange  mixture  of  ri(!- 
raffsort  of  people,  particularly  a  very 
witty  comical  girl  of  Lyon»,  a  Pro- 
vencal priest  who  was  very  entcrtaia- 
ing,  a  alattern  from  Marseilles  without 
virtue  or  inode-*ity,  aud  a  Uoinan  with 
his  wife  and  daughter  who  gave  good 
diversion.  As  we  went  along  we  got 
every  now  and  then  a  fresh  cargo  of 
Cordeliers  and  Capuchin  monks. 

September  10.— We  had  set  out  tbat 
day  at  four  in  the  morning,  being  Sun- 
day, and  they  all  heard  mass  at  Poussin. 

Sepleniber  IK— Dined  next  day  at 
Pont  St.  Esprit,  where  wo  took  in  a 
very  diverting  Councillor  of  Aix  ;  who 
said  to  some  of  the  priests  tbat  they 
had  taken  the  vows  of  fainmiiiise 
(which  means  being  idle),  and  told  a 


good  story,  thougli  a  little  indelicate, 
of  the  Capuchin,  the  landlord,  and  the 
sucking  calf.  Lay  at  Cad  rouse ;  got 
in  a  cargo  of  young  Jesuits,  who  had 
the  address  to  steal  a  book  from  us, 
wrote  against  that  order  of  priests  with 
much  wit  and  acrimony. 

September  12. — Came  to  Avignon, 
where  we  saw  a  synagogue,  and  the 
Popes  palace.  A  young  Hebrew  in 
our  company  attacked  with  argument 
one  of  our  priests,  which  gave  us  no 
small  diversion.  The  Jews  here,  and 
over  all  the  Pone's  dominions,  are 
obliged  to  wear  yellow  hats.  The  Duke 
of  Ormond,*  whose  residence  is  in  this 
place,  was  gone  to  Mont  pel  ier,  pro- 
bably for  his  health  or  change  of  air- 

September  12. — Set  out  for  Aix, hav- 
ing lain  at  Orgon.  All  the  road  is  ftdl 
of  vineyards,  and  plantations  of  fig^, 
almond  trees,  and  olives ;  and  where 
there  happened  to  be  any  common, 
such  as  our  nmors,  they  were  every- 
where covered  with  lavender  and  rose- 
mary plants,  instead  of  our  heather; 
and,  by  the  bruising  of  the  wheels  of 
carriages,  as  we  passed  along  iu  the 
heat  of  the  day,  the  air  was  perfumed 
with  the  O'lJqi'ifcrous  smell  which  arose 
from  these  plants,  which  was  extremely 
agreeable  and  refreshiaof.  While  we 
passed  idong  the  river  llhone  we  ob- 
served the  borders  of  it  very  rocky  for 
many  miles,  and  the  stream  very  rapid. 
Wc  passed  the  place  where  the  Her- 
mitage vine  grows,  as  also  that  of  the 
Cott^rutc,  W^e  Ibund  the  wine  ohout 
Avignon  rather  t^o  strong.  We  ar- 
ri%'cd  at  Aix,  a  very  fiac  agreeable 
town,  very  well  built,  and  weU  iratered, 
and  pleasantly  situated ;  the  streets, 
like  those  of  Leyden  in  Hollaml, 
planted  with  tall  lime-trees  in  the 
1  lower ;  the  parliament  house  lofty  and 
magnificent,  and  ricldy  ornamented 
with  gilding,  Wc  stayed  two  days 
here,  at  the  Croix  de  Slalta,  where  I 
bought  a  tie-wig,  to  put  me  in  proper 
dre^s  when  I  should  [be]  arrived  in 
Italy,  to  present  my  letters  of  reooin- 
mendation. 

September  15. — Set  out  for  Maji- 
fistiiLES,  a  noble  and  very  ancient  city, 
formerly  a  Greek  colonv,  now  a  place 
of  great  trade  with  the  Levant.  Hero 
we  arrived  for  four  livres.    The  chaise 


*  Jomea  13th  Earl  and  2d  Duke  of  OrmonO,  K.G.  who  had  been  attainted  in  1715, 
nd  died  in  »Ue  iu  1746. 
G 


J  853.] 


A  Jour 


luUy  in  1736. 


161 


came  through  a  pretty  rough  road  into 
a  most  large  and  gpucious  amphitheatre 
of  a  country  shelving  grailutilly  on  all 
L  sides  for  manj  miles  towards  the  south 
kftnd  south' west  down  to  the  sea,  and 
the  harbour  where  that  line  city  ia 
placed.  Everywhere,  us  far  as  your 
,  eye  can  carry  you  along  this  auiphi- 
"weatre  which  surrounds  the  city,  the 
fields  and  gardens  arc  atlornetl  with 
Jegant  neat  country -seata  or  villas, 
which  are  called  bantideSi  to  which 
the  rich  inbabitanta  and  merchants 
report  durijig  the  fine  5ea,^on  of  the 
year^  especially  in  the  time  gf  vintage, 
over  all  which  places  the  finest  flowers 
and  fruits  grow  in  the  gfroatest  pro- 
fusion. The  firiit  view  of  Marseilles  suid 
the  Mediterranean,  as  we  de^aeended 
from  the  high  grounds,  pleasetl  ub  very 
much.  When  we  arrived  at  the  city, 
the  magnificent  broad  street  and  the 
great  appearance  of  trade  were  very 
striking.  When  wc  entered  into  the 
great  Exchange,  where  the  merehants 
assembled,  we  observed  them  all  ex- 
tremely well  dressed,  looking  like 
noblemen  and  gentlemen  of  the  first 
distinction,  and  a  politeness  seemed 
to  reign  there  unknown  in  all  the 
commercial  places  we  had  ever  seen. 
What  added  to  the  magnificence  of  the 
assembly,  was  the  great  number  of  Ter- 
sian,  Armenian,  Turkish,  and  Egyptian 
merchantif, dressed  in  their  turbann  and 
long  i"obe5  alter  the  manner  of  their 
several  countries,  the  air  of  all  those 

1  people  having  a  great  gravity  and  so- 
emnity  in  it.  But  it  wn^  melaoeholy 
to  meet  with  now  and  then  the  galley- 
ahives,  mostly  Turkri,  two  and  two, 
^chained  togelher,  some  of  them  gentle- 
Ben  formerly  of  great  condition  ;  they 
ore  allowed,  however,  to  keep  cotTee- 
houBcs  irhen  they  l>ehave  well,  and  to 
,  compliment  stningerri  with  the  sound 
of  a  trumpet,  when  they  arrive  in 
town,  which  brings  them  some  little 
perquisites.  The  port  of  Marseilles 
for  the  shipping  is  a  very  fine  one, 
well  guarded  :  the  King  of  France  has 
sixteen  gjdleys  here,  wrought  by  the 
•laves.  The  market-places  for  fruit 
^lilid  flowers  arc  extremely  well  filled, 
as  likewise  for  all  sorts  of  vegetables. 
Great  cni'e  is  taken  here  wilh  respect 
to  the  bilU  of  health,  ufion  account 
of  the  pLigue,  which  ot\en  rages  in  the 


Levant,  and  gives  occasion  for  the 
strictest  quarantine  on  suspicious  occa- 
sions; there  was  the  greatest  reason 
for  this  caution,  because  in  the  year 
1720  the  plague  was  imported  into 
that  fine  city,  which  had  very  near 
depopulated  it  totally,  had  not  the 
good  Bidhop  of  Marseilles  exerted  an 
unconunon  police  durinj^  the  rage  of 
the  pestilence^  ami  the  precautions 
which  the  Fremh  King  took  at  the 
lines  of  circumviillnlion  to  [irevent  it 
spreading  further  into  the  kingilon*, 
as  may  be  seen  by  the  history  of  those 
timeii. 

Seiftember  16. — Having  procured  a 
bill  of  he;Uth,  we  set  out  from  Mar- 
seilles in  a  iartane  for  Antibcs,  with  a 
Benedictine  friar,  a  French  corpoi-Jil 
whf>  pretended  to  be  an  olhcer,  and  a 
genlleman  from  the  town  <tf  Nice*  We 
lay  mostly  on  deck,  among  pEicks  of 
wool,  but  in  an  iucunvenieiit  manner. 
The  accommodation  below  deck  wjis 
still  worse.  AVe  were  at  length  very 
much  beealmetl,  and  very  warm.  The 
sailors,  the  captain,  nnd  the  coast  of 
France  alforded  us  some  diversion  sm 
we  sailed  along. 

September  IH.— Wearied  at  length  of 
the  tartane  and  the  calm,  we  desired  to 
be  set  on  shore  at  Cannes,  from  whence 
next  morning  we  walked  to  Antihes, 
through  a  moKldulightful  spotof  plun- 
tations  of  vines,  figs,  almonds,  pome- 
granates, and  fragrant  fiekls.  We  went 
from  Antibea  that  morning  to  Nict:, 
where  we  had  the  first  view  of  Italy. 
The  women  were  dressed  iliileienLly 
from  the  French  in  their  hair  and  in 
their  clothes*  From  not  taking  due 
precautions  in  the  night-time,  by  pla- 
cing the  nets  round  the  beds,  we  were 
bit  prodigiously  by  mosquitoes  during 
the  night,  and  by  not  a  few  buggs  into 
the  bargain. 

Septembpf  '20, — It  was  here  we  saw 
the  great  fishing  of  anchovies,  which 
is  done  by  a  great  tract  of  long  nets 
pulled  into  tlic  shore,  where  the  fish 
are  pickled  and  barreled  »oon  after 
they  are  taken.  This  fishing  obtaina 
many  miles  along  this  coast  about  this 
season  of  the  year, 

September  1 1 . — We  set  out  for  Genoa 
in  fk/eUrnvhe*  with  two  Egyptian  mer- 
chants, and  our  old  friend  Mons.Darly, 
in  our  company.     We  came  late  to 


Gent.  Mag.  Voi..  XXXIX. 


*  A  felucca. 


A  Journeif  fi'om  Paru  to  Itahf  in  1736. 


162 

MojtACo  that  eveaiiigi  belonging  to  the 
Prince  of  that  name,  who,  though  \m 
territories  are  siimll,  yet  suojiorta  \i\s 
dignity  with  all  the  loniuuity  whicli 
attend-i  the  grentet^t  prinees.  We  were 
curried  before  his  superintendent,  and 
examined  in  all  the  forms  H^i  to  the 
destination  of  our  voyage,  &c.  Here 
nU  the  houseji  are  painted  on  the  out- 
aide,  and  make  w  very  tine  show. 
Upon  every  occasion  we  took  care  to 
lay  in  btores  of  the  beat  wine  and  fruits 
113  we  went  aluiig  the  eouutt^  betjides 
cold  fowls,  bread,  oil,  vinegar,  ham, 
and  anehovles  ;  we  made  tlie  :*ailors 
welcome  to  part  of  oar  fure»  which  in- 
gratiated us  much  with  these  hardy 
Eeraons,  who  Bpoke  »  coarse  Genoese 

September  22. — Rn  i  led  along  the  coast 
of  Genoa^  and,  it  lieinn;  fine  weather, 
lay  in  the  boat;  and  there  we  could 
observe  tlie  Alps  towering  up  to  an 
immense  height,  covere<l  with  clouds, 
towards  the  north  and  towards  the 
east.  In  that  buy  we  could  observe, 
betwixt  the  sea  ami  the  hills,  a  fine 
\^tit  country  bdonging  to  the  (lenoeae, 
full  of  excellent  rich  trading  townB. 

September  2li, — Arriveii  at  Uknoa, 
where  we  obfterveil  a  very  noble  ap- 
earance  in  the  entry  of  the  port,  with 
palaces,  gardenn,  and  natural 
I  strength  aiid  beauty  of  the  grounds, 
I  Genoa  h  fult  of  tine  churches,  built  tri 
livery  good  taste.  The  palace  Durazzi 
III  very  noble,  and  there  are  many  line 
lAtiLtues  to  be  g^een  in  the  colleetions 
llitire  ;  the  pillar^;  and  stnirrases  of  that 
I  palace  within  are  all  white  innrble 
llroni  the  ffreat  ^pnirries  upon  the  sea- 
I  tide,  not  far  from  Genoa«  We  lodged 
lut  the  Crcjce  di  Malt^i,  and  had  oeca* 
l^on  thut  evening  to  t^up  with  ^oine  con- 
Ividerable  French  and  Spanish  otiicers, 
[mud  sut  with  ihem  till  it  was  pretty 
llAte.  Mr.  Ramsay  and  I  were  then 
nducted  to  a  very  iitible  a[Mirtment 
1^  two  beils.  I  chose  the  one  next  the 
[door.  The  servant  who  lighted  un 
Flip  to  our  ehamberf  1  remember,  woa 
[dressed  in  grecn^  and  a  very  g^enteel 
Ifettow,  of  whom  sonic  notice  wilt  after- 
I  Ward5  be  tidtcn  ;  <br,  during  tht^  night, 
|H»ere  was  stolen  out  of  luf  breeches, 
hliiit  were  hung  upon  a  chair,  funrteen 
lauis-d'ors  by  some  rogue  who  had  gol 
into  the  bedchamber,  mid  had  the  arch- 
ness to  put  in  place  ol  the  gold  conrse 
briM  money,  called  /Mry^u^^,  about 


[Feb, 


the  value  of  our  halfpennies ;  he  did 
not  touch  my  gold  wut<:h,  nor  some 
rings  I  had*  I  did  not  come  to  dis- 
cover this  till  Mr.  Ramsay  and  1  were 
going  to  pay  the  bill  to  Sigimr  Mar- 
telli,  the  landlord,  who  seemed  to  be  a 
very  gtwid  honest  man,  and  master  of 
this  inn,  of  n  very  hig!j  character,  and 
much  frerpiented  by  the  English.  I 
made  a  great  noise  to  the  landlord, 
who  secmcti  very  much  concerned  for 
the  crc<lit  of  his  bou^e.  Finding  the 
matter  s<»,  1  gave  him  the  coarse  brass 
nmney,  atK'r  payin;^  his  bill,  and  de- 
sired liim  at  his  leij^ure  to  make  in- 
quiry after  the  rogue,  not  thinking  it 
worth  my  while  to  spciifl  money  or 
time  in  prosecuting?  (he  thet\.  1  told 
him  I  BUflpected  some  of  his  own  ser- 
vants, rmd,  if  he  found  out  the  truth, 
to  write  to  me  at  Home,  vvliji  h  he  ac- 
cordingly did  many  montli^d  afterwards, 
having  taken  the  utmost  pains  for  the 
sake  of  \m  hniis*i  to  diucover  the  cri- 
minal, wlio  liji|i|M;ncd  to  be  that  very 
servant  in  the  green  ehithes  who  lighted 
IIS  ufi,  nncl  h:ui  seen  me  pay  for  s*ome 
velvet,  and  I  tike  son»c  gold  out  of  my 
purser  the  dny  l>efore.  The  landlortl 
hiid  mside  the  discovery  by  the  Il-IIuw^bj 
losing  louia-dWH  at  playi  of  which  he 
could  give  no  account ;  but  afterwards, 
having  confessed  it,  lie  wa»  sent  to  the 
galleya  for  life.  Let  no  one  who  travels 
be  too  ready  to  show  their  purses,  that 
have  gold  in  them,  which  all  i^harpers, 
when  they  have  onee  observed,  will 
think  of  tiily  way**  to  come  at.  In  re- 
turn lor  much  entertainment  from  these 
foreign  travels,  please  tnke  a  copy  of 
my  ail  vice  to  a  friend  travelling  in 
England: 

no  Kure,  ilcnr  Douipiikn'p  nrhmi  ymx  goto  IknU 
1 0  Isiy  y'*«i'  ljrt*c'lK'»  hintif  XmncAlU  ymtr  heutl  ,• 
Tkrt>w  llicni  ntit  oft  wHU  m  iit^rlt^lfnl  en*e, 

If  ynti  n.>rart1  '---i-  -•  ^ -  '"■■'  '■-■■-  ; 

tor  itiiiiiy  (1  1  I'  , 

Who  todbliii     .  ,,.; 

Tlititk  Y»a  tit  liitiA  t.Uat  p^u  imvt^  ttuUKht  iu  (wir  / 
Itiive  OnUcm  Uicu  AiUlpttthiL-*  ni  iteer/ 
lliia  il>o  I'rbk  Wnltcr  ^o(  uo  iiAraiat^ur  f 
U^A  noul-iAlch  toVu  the  vuw  of  tx&b^  poat  t 

h  wm  an  ohl  Latin  mying  of  the 
{leople  of  Genoa,  who  bore  the  name 
of  tim  Ligurijuij  ihnt  the  ^  >tfU 

umncB /uteti.     In  [luit  wi  ed 

the  truth  of  this:  but  umwi^auy  it 
wius  not  true,  (ur  a  better  man  than 
our  Ittiidlord,  Mons.  MarteUt,  cuuhl 
not  be  in  any  country.    There  seemed, 


1853.] 


A  Jour 


Park  to  Italy  in  173(3. 


im 


iudeoil^   to  prevail    among    the    low 

people  an  uncommon   abarpnui^s  and 

keeiuiesj^   of    bflMwIour,   being    very 

urgent — such  as  tlie  porters  ami  boat- 

nen — to  serve  you  ujion  your  arrival, 

and  carry  your  baggage  to  tlie  inn  ; 

ind,  after  you  had  paid  lar^fely  those 

rhat   they   soujiht    for   serving  you, 

l©thei*s  appearttl  uiakiao;  'jlahnti  upon 

■you  for  their  being  ready  to  serve  you, 

if  you  had  had  oceasion. 

At  the  time  we  were  at  Genoa  they 
were  sending  daily  troop^^  and  many 
in  their  galleys,  to  prosecute  the  war 
they  then  had  against  Kin«j  Theodore 
in  Coi*9ica. 

It  was  our  fortune  to  meet  here  at 

Genoa  with  an  En^li.sh  clergyman,  one 

Mr.  Smith  of  Postwilham,*  a  ne[jhew 

of  the  great  Sir  Isnatj  Newton,  who  Fiad 

been  some  time  at  Genoa  before  we 

came*     A^  he  was  desirous^  to  be  of  our 

ompany,  to  proceed  through  Italy  by 

be  way  of  Leghorn,  to  this  we  agreed, 

'  and  hu*eil  betwixt  ua  afehim'ht'. 

September  2.5.— Monday  morning  siet 

j^^ul  coastwise  for  Leghorn,  and  came  to 

"'  dtri,  where,  as  the  wind  was  not  fair, 

fc  stayed  two  nights  with  a  Spanidb 

'unily.    Here,  for  want  of  attention,  I 

llost  my  wig  I  lately  purchased. 

StptetnhtT  28. — 8et  out  at  three  in 

Jibe  morning  i   dined   at   Porto   Fiuo^ 

fhich  was  so  full  of  Spaniards   and 

LGenoese  that  there  was  not  the  knLst 

boom  for  ua  to  be  aecommodatL^d ;  so 

Ethat  we  were  obliged  to  set  sail  in  tin.' 

livening,  which  had  then  a  very  phrasing 

la^peet.     We  resolved  to  continue  tmt 

[  night,  and,  crossing  that  long  bay, 

•xpecting  to    make   Leghorn    in  the 

finorning.     As  it  happened^  there  were 

everal  Spanish  men-of-war  and  traus* 

ports  that  night  iu  the  bay,  who  bad 

|yeturned  from  the  eonqueat  of  Naples, 

under  the  conduct  of  the  Conde  de 

Monlemar,    the    comnmnder-iu-t^hicf, 

.  who  At  tliat  time  wiis  residing  iu  Fita, 

At  our  betting  out  we  passed  six  Spa- 

niwh  nien*of-wiir,   the  sea  I  hen  quite 

calm  and  agi'eeable ;  but,  alinut   ton 

o*ck»ek  at  night,  opj>oaite  to  Massa,  we 

were  overtaken  by  a  dreadful  storm ; 


the  sea  in  a  moment  had  a  most  furious 
aspect,  eontinuady  increasing,  with  im- 
meuitc  billovvi?,  the  wind  varying  often 
froni  different  tpiarters.  In  this  dread- 
ful manner  we  were  tossed  till  about 
three  next  morning,  having  our  rudder 
broken,  our  compass  useless,  our  men 
dif*pirited,  the  sea  and  the  winds  ntung, 
the  inmnx  not  up,  and  nt  length  there 
uppeareiJ  no  hope,  nor  ihe  least  chance 
to  remain  for  our  safety.  Our  Genoese 
sailurn  at  the  Oiiry  invoked  all  their 
i^aints :  an  English  sailor,  who  hap- 
pened to  be  in  the  erew,  aud  an  old 
man,  the  master  of  the  fehuche^  wtio 
was  at  the  rudder,  were  the  only  two 
who  ahoweil  npirll,  though  the  moving 
complaint H  of  tlie  old  iHan*s  little  son, 
in  the  most  [jbdntive  Italian,  would 
have  melted  a  heart  of  stone,  particu- 
hirly  of  Ills  remciubrance  of  his  rara 
nmdtc^  his  dear  mother,  and  his  vare 
mreiUt  Ins  two  dear  sisters.  Our  fe- 
vereu^i  clergyman  Mr.  Smith,  and  his 
man  Tom,  who  were  both  stripped  in 
order  to  swiuir  had  many  grievous 
moanings  lietwixt  them,  fearing  a 
sudden  separation  for  ever,  having 
been  long  acquuioled.  Mr*  Smitri, 
though  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  nephew* 
hftp[)ened  to  be  a  very  IjjuI  iistronoiner, 
insisting  that  he  saw  the  li^jht  of  Leg* 
horn,  and  ct^ntended  we  shonld  steer 
towai'ds  that^  but  we  were  soon  un- 
deceived by  observing  that  the  litflii 
came  from  one  of  the  low  stars.  Sir. 
llamsay,  wjio  wtis  a  good  swimmer, 
stripped  likewise  ;  but  for  myself,  who 
couhl  not  swim,  I  reektmed  on  certain 
deat!i ;  but  before  1  gave  all  up,  I 
thought  it  best  to  examine  what  wine 
we  had  yet  remaining,  and  having  got 
several  tbisks  full,  1  instantly  tlTstri- 
biited  them  amongst  our  sailors,  making 
them  a  short  speech  in  I ta I ian,  repeat- 
ing the  word  nnitno!  ammo!  which  is 
courage,  courage,  ttwi  fratdU!  my 
brethren  \  and  particularly  addressing 
myself  to  the  jiadroue  at  the  helm,  and 
the  English  sailor,  who  1  eonjared  not 
to  lose  his  heart,  wbieh  he  promtse4 
not  to  do  as  long  as  he  could  keep  hold 
of  it.     I  last  addressed  myself  to  Mr. 


•  The  Rbt.  Beojaroin  Smith,  B.D.  Hon  of  ihe  Rev,   Bamnbas  Smith,  Rector  df 

North  Withain,  »nd  himself  fubsecpiently  Rector  of  Linton  in  Yorkihire,  where  h« 

filled  in  177().     lie  was  aa  improT-ident  and  ^ingulnr  rharactei%  and  scverftl  anecdotto 

|iOf  htm^  coin municA ted  bj  the  Rev.  William  SticepHhnnke,  Prebendary  of  Cnrlt^h^  are 

printed  iu  Whitakcr's   History   of  Craven,  and   in   Nichols**  Literary   Jlluatnitiaiis, 

vol.  iv>  p.  3S. 


164 


A  Journey  fi^om  Parisi  to  Itahf  in  1736, 


[Feb. 


Smith  aud  his  man  Tom,  desiring  them 
not  to  lose  liope,-^  of  meeting  one  an- 
other in  u  hciter  nhiee;  mul  lastly,  1 
said  what  occurred  to  me  in  the  most 
moving  manner  to  my  friend  and  dear 
travelling  companion,  M\\  Albn  Ram- 
say ;  and  I  took  out  my  gold  watch 
and  rings,  to  see  if  lie  could  fasten 
them  any  way  to  his  army,  and  if  he 
shoulel  escape  anyhow  by  sv\imming, 
and  reach  Britain  again,  tliat  he  wouhl 
deliver  tbo  watch  and  ringy  to  my 
much  beloved  young  wife  I  had  just 
married  before   I  set  out,  with  my 

Erayera  and  imprecations  for  his  safety, 
oping,  if  he  survived,  he  would  always 
remember  me,  and  tliat  I  had  the 
strimgest  imprcaaionia  upon  my  mind 
that,  if  the  worst  should  happen^  we 
should  certainly  meet  in  a  1>etter  place : 
tliaii  as  I  could  not  swim,  I  could 
make  no  effort  for  my  safety,  and  in- 
stantly covered  myself  up  with  an  old 
sail  as  a  winding-sheet,  and  bidcJing 
them  all  farewell,  and  calling  out 
aninm!  ammo!  to  the  sailors,  most  de- 
voutly resigned  myself  over  to  my  fate. 
Ail  tliis  while  the  sea  rtiii  niountoins 
high,  all  over  white  with  froth,  easily 
discernible  by  the  fiery  vapour  which 
rises  always  in  a  storm.  At  length,  by 
the  perseverance  of  our  men.  and  mercy 
ofDivine  Providence,  the  wind  chopped 
about  to  blow  from  the  sea  towards 
land  with  Ihe  greatest  imjietuosity ; 
and,  on  the  2Dth,  in  the  morning,  our 
/elonche  was  violentl  y  cast  upon  a  shore 
at  the  bottom  of  a  large  wood,  where 
there  woA  neither  rocks  nor  high  banks, 
not  far  distant  from  the  city  of  Vka. 
Here  every  one  scrambled  afihore,  m 
spite  of  the  great  surf  and  crazy  con- 
dition ofour /WowtAe.  A  sailor  carried 
me  out  on  bis  back,  almost  up  to  his 
neck  in  the  sea ;  onr  trunks  and  bag- 
gage, though  very  wet,  we  saved  aud 
got  a^ihorc,  and,  by  good  fortune,  got 
into  a  fisher*s  hut,  where  were  assem* 
bled  some  of  t!ie  Spanish  troops  who 
had  that  night  been  shipwrecked  on 
the  coast.  They  presented  ub  with 
wine  and  refreshments,  which  were 
very  comfortable ;  and  our  mutual 
misfortunes  so  cemented  us  by  the  re- 
flection of  our  mutual  delivery  by  an 
unconuiion  interposition  of  Divine  Pro- 
Tidenee,  that  we  seemed  all  as  one  na- 
tion ;  and  ouj*  reverend  clergyman, 
Mr.  Smithy  who  felt  uncommon  joy  in 
recovering  hh  man  Tom,  gave  us  all 


his  benediction  in  the  warmest  man- 
ner. We  lighted  a  large  fire  cf  sticks 
at  a  little  di(>tanL'e  from  the  hut,  aud 
made  tinother  agreeuble  libation  of  the 
Spaniards*  wine,  which  they  very  joy- 
fully and  plentifully  supplied  us  with. 
As  day  approached  we  began  to  think 
of  sending  for  chaises  from  Pisa,  and 
accor*Jingly,  one  of  the  sailors  was  de- 
spatched upon  that  errand,  and  brought 
us  a  couple  of  good  chaises  for  Mr- 
Smith  and  his  man  Tom,  and  Mr, 
Kamsay  and  me.  We  took  leave  of 
our  friends  the  Spaniards  witli  great 
cordiality,  and  hoped  to  meet  them 
again  at  Pisa:  and  having  paid  amply 
ibr  our  Jelou(*ht\  and  rewarded  v?ell  the 
sailors  who  had  helped  to  save  us,  we 
got  into  our  chaises,  and,  as  we  were 
going  up  the  heighti?,  it  was  even  ter- 
rible then  to  look  upon  the  sea,  being 
one  volume  of  froth  even  after  the 
storm  was  now  subsided.  The  woods 
through  which  we  pa?iied  were  very 
pleasing,  ancl  all  the  fields  of  the 
country  about  Pisa,  in  our  road  to  it, 
are  most  verdant  meadows  and  gardens, 
with  canals  of  fresh  water.  It  is  in- 
conceivable the  joy  of  the  refreshing 
sleep  we  had  lor  many  hours  after  our 
arrivah  We  visited  this  fine  city  in 
the  forenoon  and  afternoon,  and  in  the 
evening  went  to  the  opera,  where  we 
saw  the  Duke  de  Montcmar,  who  was 
an  old  venerable  Spanish  soldier,  with 
black  whiskers,  sitting  dangling  in  his 
box  among  six  pretty  women.  The 
city  of  Pisa  was  full  then  of  Spanish 
soldiers,  and  scarce  allowed  any  room 
ftir  strangers.  It  was  famous  oi  old  for 
the  first  revival  of  painting  by  Cimabue 
and  Giotto,  long  belbre  Kaphael. 

September  30. — Sunday,  set  out  in 
chaises  for  Leghorn,  and  came  there 
before  dinner,  through  a  fine  wood. 
Here,  for  w^ant  of  my  fMjculinr  atten- 
tion, while  Mr,  Kamsay  and  1  fre* 
fpiently  chose  to  leave  tlic  chaises  to 
rome  after  us,  to  walk  on  some  miles, 
I  then  had  my  boots  stolen  from  me  on 
the  road,  which  make*  me  give  this 
cuution  to  everybody  who  travels  to 
have  all  their  eyes  about  them. 

October  L — We  found  the  city  of 
IhiEijiiokn  a  very  thriving  place  for 
tracle.  Many  English  reside  here.  Five 
thousand  Spanish  troops*  were  thci*c  at 
that  time,  who  had  come  after  the  con- 
quest of  Naples  to  reside  there ;  and 
they  were  in  the  utmost  good  order, 


d 


t] 


Corrtfapondence  of  Sf/lvanus  Urban  > 


165 


I 


well  clothed  in  blue,  njicl-  well  paid. 
We  frequently  dined  and  supped  with 
Spanish  otlicer.s,  and  euuld  obai^rve 
they  bad  no  great  opinion  of  Don  Car- 
lo?!, the  Spanish  King  of  Naples  they 
had  been  fighting  for,  for  they  told  ua 
a  story  of  the  King :  one  morning,  when 
he  waa  feeding  bLs  cocks  and  hen;?,  a 
diversion  be  was  very  fond  of,  the 
Duke  de  Jfontemar  observing  him 
always  losingj  and  holding  down  his 
head  at  this  amusement ,  the  day  before 
the  battle  of  Bittonto,  he  says  to  him, 
"  Haussez  la  tt-te^  man  Prince^  Je  vous 
ferai  lioi  taniot''  And  indeed  this 
battle  secured  the  crown  of  Naples  to 
him ;  and  the  English  had  a  hand  in 
this  victory,  by  transporting  most  of 
the  troops,  Mr.  Howard  wna  our 
banker  at  Leghorn  to  supply  lu  with 
money,  and  was  extremely  civil  to  ns, 
and  gaie  us  letters  of  recommenda- 
tion to  the  places  where  wc  went  in 
our  way  to  Rome,  and,  wbuii  we 
c^nie  there,  to  Signer  Bellont,  the  great 
ban  ken  The  news  of  our  shij  wreck 
had  reached  Leghorn  before  we  ar- 
riTed^  insomuch  that  Mr.  Howard  was 


very  glad  to  see  lis,  as  were  Mr.  Aik- 
man  and  many  other  gentlemen.  Mr, 
Ramsay  had  written  from  Leghorn 
a  long  letter  to  his  father,  the  poet,  at 
Edinburgh,  which  I  did  not  see  till  I 
canie  home,  wherein  he  said  that  1  had 
saved  our  livcii  by  my  keeping  up  the 
spirits  of  the  sailors  of  tlie  feltmche, 
and  by  the  animation  I  had  given  tliem 
by  the  presence  of  mind  I  was  pos- 
sessed of  at  that  time ;  and  said  that, 
when  things  came  to  the  worst,  I 
seemed  to  die  like  Socrates  in  his  last 
nmments.  My  friend,  old  Allan  the 
poet,  wa5  very  fond  to  show  me  this 
letter,  and  told  me,  at  the  same  time, 
a  vei7  singular  circumstance,  that  he 
dreamed  that  very  night,  the  21)tb  of 
September,  the  night  of  our  storm, 
that  we  were  cast  away  upon  the  coast 
of  Italy,  but  were  providentially  saved. 
The  letter  I  wrote  to  my  dear  young 
wife,  then  at  Clermiii^ton  (my  Jarm 
near  Edinburgh),  was  written  in  the 
mildest  manner  1  could  conceive  it, 
anil  she  and  old  Allan  Ktunsay  com- 
pared notes,  to  the  joy  of  all  our 
friends. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SVLVANUS  URBAN. 

Ttj*  RiH  anil  Prograaa  of  the  Dowlalii  Iroaworka— Robin  Hood  and  Slierwcwkl  Forest— EnglWi  Etymo- 
logtoe :  Hue  and  Anuxo.  Aumtcanil  Kate.  Mate,  Make,  MutcJu  n^^^  Itect— Mouamctital  loKirlp- 
tiunireGentl/reeovGrodjitClioldcrton,  Wilt«— The  Prince  of  Orange's  March  in  Kti*«— Tlio  Pos- 
l«rfty  of  llAlpli  Ttioreaby  tho  Autiqiiiir7— FAntUy  Begister  of  the  WJUUrlnffton*. 

Rise  and  Pkoorbss  of  the  Dowlais  Iron  Works. 


Ma.  Urban,— The  Obituary  of  your 
Jaiiuftry  MR^axine  contained  a  brief  but 
just  and  Accamte  trihute  to  the  memory  of 
the  Ittte  Sir  Josiah  John  Guestf  Bart,  of 
DowlaU  ;  and  your  renders,  after  penuing 
that  roemoirf  will  probably  toke  some  in- 
terest in  the  following  particulars  of  the 
tteps  by  which  his  vast  conoems  were 
raised  to  the  magnitude  in  which  he  left 
them. 

The  mineral  lease  of  Dowlaiswas  granted 
about  1748  by  Lord  Windsor,  and  under 
it  was  erected  the  first  furnace  in  South 
Wales  for  the  reduction  of  iron  ore  by 
raenns  of  pitcoaU  By  degrees  the  Guest 
family  became  possessed  of  a  part  of  the 
interest  in  Ibis  lease,  and,  finally^  on  the 
death  of  his  fadier  Mr,  Thomas  (iuest, 
and  of  bis  ancle,  by  marriage,  Mr.  Taitt, 
to  181 5,  Mr.  John  Guest  i^ucceedcd  to  nine 
siiteenths,  and  his  brother  Mr.  Thomas 


Revell  Guest,  to  one  sixteenth  of  the 
whole*  Mr.  Thomaa  Guest^  who  was  his 
only  brother,  died,  childless,  on  the  30th 
Jan,  1837. 

After  having  spent  a  few  years  at  school 
at  BridgcnortliT  and  afterwards  at  Mon- 
mouth, Mr.  John  Guest  pafsed  through 
the  difiTereRt  departments  of  the  works, 
mastered  the  details  of  each,  and  the 
language  of  the  people^  and  finally  acted, 
URder  his  uncle,  as  general  manager. 

The  concern  was  thou  in  its  infancy*  Its 
produce,  which  in  1  BOG  had  been  about 
7,000  tons  of  pig  iron,  was  even  then  only 
20,000  tons,  from  four  blast  fRrnaces. 
The  finances  also  were  so  embarrassed, 
that  it  is  said  to  have  been  a  serioua  con- 
sideration with  Sir  John  whether  he  should 
engage  in  the  works,  or  push  his  fortune 
in  some  other  direction. 

Having  decided  upon  the  former  course, 


166 


Correspondence  of  Syhanus  Urban. 


[Feb. 


he  speedily  raised  the  number  of  furnaces 
to  eight,  and  the  annual  production  to 
30  or  40,000  tons;  and  about  1834  there 
were  eleven  furnaces,  and,  by  the  introduc- 
tion of  new  blowing  machinery  and  im- 
proved arrangements  for  the  raising  and 
transport  of  the  raw  material,  the  annual 
production  was  raised  to  about  from  45  to 
50,000  tons. 

About  1826  Dowlais  boasted  twelve 
furnaces,  and  the  largest  blowing  engine 
tiien  known.  In  1831  Sir  John  patented 
a  plan  for  running  the  melted  metal  at 
once  from  the  blast  furnace  into  the  re- 
fifaery,  by  which  means  he  effected  a  con- 
siderable saving  in  fuel  and  in  the  waste 
of  metal,  and  rendered  his  works  equal  to 
the  annual  production  of  60,000  tons,  thus 
taking  in  the  trade  the  lead  which  he  ever 
afterwards  maintained. 

In  1835  there  were  fourteen  furnaces, 
arid  to  meet  the  rising  demand  for  rail- 
ivay  bars;  and,  notwithstanding  the  ap- 
proaching termination  of  his  lease,  he  had 
the  spirit,  in  August,  1840,  to  augment 
the  furnaces  to  eighteen,  and  by  the  intro- 
duction  of  various  improvements  (patetlted) 
in  the  manufacture,  he  raised  the  power  of 
production  to  100,000  tons  annually,  and 
actually  produced  that  quantity  of  raw 
iron  in  1849,  when  he  sent  into  the  market 
75,000  tons  in  the  form  of  bars  and  rails. 

Among  the  principal  improvements  in 
the  manufacture  should  be  mentioned  the 
substitution  of  coal  for  coke,  first  in  the 
blast  furnaces  and  finally  in  the  refineries, 
80  that  coke  is  not  liow  employed  in  the 
Dowlais  Works. 

This  enormous  increase  in  production 
was  attended  by  a  corresponding  increase 
in  the  branches  of  mining  operations  and 
finance,  and  in  the  number  of  the  work- 
people, involving  a  multitude  of  subordi- 
nate arrangements. 

Thus,  the  steam  power,  which  in  1815 
was  inconsiderable,  at  this  time  amounts 
to  4,989  horse  power,  of  which  the  blow, 
ing  engines  employ  2,063,  the  forges 
and  rolling  mills  1,380,  the  coal  and  ore 
works  967,  brickmaking  17,  stabling  9, 
and  locomotion  554.*  In  1849  there  were 
500  horses  employed.  The  Dowlais  Works 
freight,  on  an  average,  a  ship  a  day  in  the 
port  of  Cardiff. 

Of  ore,  q>al,  and  limestone,  about 
740,000  tons  are  annually  raised,  besides 
about  1,171,000  tons  of  shale  and  useless 
matter,  Raised  to  be  thrown  aside. 

In  1815  Dowlais  contained  from  about 
1,000  to  1,200  workpeople,  residing  in 
100  cottages.  At  this  time  there  are  pro- 
bably 3,000  cottages  and  15,000  inhabit- 


ants,  of  whidh  about  7,000  draw  pay  direct 
from  the  works. 

The  money  payments  in  labour  rose  in 
1845-6-7  to  30^000/.  per  month,  or 
360j060/.  per  annum — a  sum,  the  mere 
providing  of  which  in  coin  to  meet  the 
weekly  demand,  was  a  somewhat  weighty 
financial  operation. 

At  one  time  Sir  John  Guest  possessed  a 
bank  at  Cardiff.  He  was  also  an  original 
promoter  of,  and  a  very  large  shareholder 
in,  the  Taff  Vale  Railway,  of  wjiich  he  was 
for  many  years  the  chairman,  and  always 
its  principal  freighter. 

Sir  John  died,  as  he  had  ever  wished  to 
die,  at  Dowlais,  amidst  his  own  people, 
and  is  there  buried.  His  funeral  was  at- 
tended by  an  immense  concourse  of  about 
20,000  persons,  most  of  whom  were  more 
or  less  connected  with  his  works.  By 
common  consent  all  business  and  work 
were  suspended,  and  the  shops  closed  in 
the  district. 

Notwithstanding  his  great  wealth  and 
his  position  at  the  bead  of  a  principal 
branch  of  British  industry.  Sir  John  Guest 
preserved  habits  of  great  simplicity,  was 
humble  in  his  estimate  of  himself,  and  sin- 
gularly unobtrusive  in  his  deportment,  so 
that  few  were  aware  of  the  real  extent  of 
his  information. 

Few  great  manufacturers  have  been  bet- 
ter acquainted  with  the  details  of  their 
business,  or  with  the  persons,  circum- 
stances, and  peculiarities  of  their  work- 
people ;  with  them  he  at  all  times  pre- 
served a  friendly  personal  intercourse,  and 
to  their  complaints  he  was  always  accessi- 
ble, and  numberless  are  the  instances  of 
ability,  skill,  and  good  conduct  which  he 
detected  and  brought  forward  among 
them. 

His  foresight  and  sagacity  in  business 
were  remarkable,  and  his  first  impression 
was  usually  correct.  Most  of  the  exten- 
sions in  the  Dowlais  Works  were  projected 
and  executed  during  the  depressions  of  the 
trade,  so  that  he  found  himself  in  a  con- 
dition to  profit  largely  by  the  improve- 
ments, usually  sudden,  in  the  markets. 
Though  not  himself  a  man  of  deep  science, 
he  was  very  well  informed  in  chemistry, 
mineralogy,  and  such  subjects  that  bore 
upon  his  business,  and  his  custom  was 
always  to  consult  the  highest  authorities  on 
those  subjects,  and  to  obtain  sound  opi- 
nions he  spared  no  expense. 

He  was  a  man  of  remarkably  calm  tem- 
perament, seldom  acting,  even  in  trifies, 
without  deliberation,  and  not  easily  in- 
duced to  relinquish  an  opinion  once 
formed.     He  possessed  a  remarkably  fine 


*  As  recently  as  1814  the  ore  was  carried  to  the  furnaces  in  sacks  and  panniers  on 
the  backs  of  miiles. 


1853,] 


Carrespondencff  ofS^hamu§  Urban* 


m 


I 


I 


temper,  eind  Although  the  accidents  of  an 
active  life  had,  of  course,  often  brouj^bt 
him  into  collision  with  otHeni,  be  was  him- 
*elf  the  enewy  of  no  one*  and  when  he 
could  »peak  no  guod  of  a  miui  he  was 
silent. 

During  liie  Merthyr  duta  of  1831  he 
shewed,  under  very  trying  cireamstancei, 
^IT«C  personal  couro^^e.  After  all  nego- 
dations  had  failed,  he  interposed  between 
the  soldterSt  just  about  to  tire,  and  the 
people,  whom  he  addressed  in  their  own 
language,  and  solely  bj  his  personal  in- 
tfuenca  f>re?eQted  a  very  serious  cHui^ioii 
of  blood. 

The  iron- masters  of  Merthyr,  as  a  body, 
have  not  been  remarkable  for  attention  to 
the  interests  of  their  workpeople  ;  but  as 
early  as  IH'iA  Sir  John  Guest  and  his 
partners  built  and  enckiwed  a  churcli  at 
Dowlais,  and  founded  schools,  which  now 
number  about  1,01)0  children  daily,  A 
medji-al  fund,  and  also  a  sick  fund,  sup- 
ported and  managed  by  the  workpeople, 
have  long  been  establifthed.  As  early  as 
1631  tbe  bUet-furuaceH  at  Dowlaia  were 
stopped  during  Sunday,  and  the  works  are 
now  so  completely  dosed  that  probably 
not  above  a  dozen  men  are  to  be  found 
upon  them  on  that  day,  Thtse  ezctmpleit 
have  been  hut  little  followed  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood. To  ,the  truck  system  in  tt» 
various  forms  Sir  John  Guest  was  steadily 
opposed. 

The  long  uocertainty  aa  to  the  Dowlais 
Itwe  matertally  checked  Sir  John's  pro- 
jects for  the  improvement  of  Ids  people; 
but,  upon  its  renewal  in  1848,  he  set  to 
work  in  earnest,  and,  notwithstanding  the 
depressed  state  of  the  trade  and  the  larg*3 
demands  upon  his  purse  in  buying  out  his 
two  partners,  sod  iti  the  heavy  outlay  re- 
quired upon  the  works,  he  itpproved  of 


plana  for  schools,  for  the  site  of  which  he 
proposed  to  give  up  the  gardens  attached 
to  hi*  residence.  The  very  last  act  of  his 
life  was  the  establij^liment  upon  his  own 
responsibility  of  a  savings  bank,  for  the 
encouragement  of  provident  habits  among 
his  workpeople  imd  the  inhabitants  of 
Dowlais. 

Those  who  knew  him  best,  and  were 
consulted  by  him  during  the  uegociatiou 
respecting  t^e  renewal  of  the  lease,  were 
well  aware  that  his  principal  reasoti  for 
reentering,  under  very  lanfavouruble  dr- 
eam« tun  ces  and  with  dei  lining  health, 
upon  HO  stupendous  an  undertaking^  was 
his  strong  apprehension  of  the  mtser)  which 
the  stoppage  of  the  works  would  occasion 
in  the  dii»trict  he  loved  so  well. 

Sir  John  Gueij>t  contributed  more  than 
any  other  individuol  to  raise  the  iron  ma- 
nufacture of  Great  Britain  to  its  present 
tlon ribbing  condition.  From  small  be- 
ginnings, by  the  exercise  of  industry,  me- 
ctmuiciil  skill,  and  u  rare  combination  of 
prudence  and  boldness,  he  created  the 
largest  mauufatturing  establishment  ever 
known,  built  up  for  himself  a  colossal  for- 
tune, and  has  left  behind  him  a  name  ever 
to  be  mentioned  us  un  authority  in  the 
annuls  of  the  trade,  with  affection  in  the 
principal  tteat  of  the  man ufactu refund  with 
respect  by  the  world. 

lie  died  full  of  yearis,  In  the  midiit  of 
his  children  and  people,  successful  in  all 
his  undertakings,  having  had  ample  time 
and  inclination  to  prepare  for  his  latter 
end ,  and  leaving  behind  bini  a  wife  of  tried 
affection  atid  experience,  tn  whom,  living, 
he  had  unbounded  confidence,  and  to 
whom,  on  his  death,  he  trusted  the  uncou- 
troHkd  management;  of  the  whole  of  hi^ 
enormous  and  complicated  concerns. 

Yours,  !kc.         — 


Robin  Hood  and  Shbrwooi>  Pohkst. 


Mr,  Uaoan, — 1  send  for  the  perusal 
of  those  of  your  readers  who  do  not  be- 
lieve that  •*  Merry  Sherwood"  was  the 
HartE  forest  or  a  Teutonic  myth  (for  those 
who  assume  Robin  Hood  to  be  the  crea- 
ture of  A  Teutonic  myth  or  fable  must 
dispose  of  the  Forest  of  Sherwood  by  the 
same  procesi  of  imagination) — a  document 
of  the  highest  authenticity  and  truth,  nh, 
the  appointment  of  additional  Commis' 
sioners  to  a  Commission  of  Inquiry  into 
the  offences  committed  against  the  vert 
and  venison  of  Sherwood  Forest  in  the 
year  1315. 

In  my  opinion  this  record  is  not  only 
corroboratitre  of  the  view  Mr.  Hunter^  has 


taken  respecting  the  exploits  uscribed  to 
Robin  Hood  and  his  companions,  Lu 
No.  IV.  of  his  "  Critical  and  Historical 
Tracts,"  hut  iiUo  illustrates  what  be  therein 
observes,  that  many  of  the  popular  songs 
transmitted  to  us  f^m  ancient  times  are 
worthy  of  aceeptstion — a  faith  wnrninted 
by  the  example  of  Selden  and  of  Hearnei 
who  both  believed  that  there  was  some 
historic  truth  in  many  of  these  compo* 
sitionsj.  1  hope  your  readers  will  absolve 
me  from  the  imnutation  that  herein  I  pro- 
fess to  assist  Mr.  Hunter,  who  has  done 
quite  enough  already  to  ditperse  the  no* 
tiun  of  the  outlaws  of  Sherwood  Forest 
being   mere  creatures  of  the  imagination 


*  The  Great  Hera  of  the  Ancient  Miusirelsy  of  Englaml,  ■'  Robin  Hood."     Uii 
Period,  Real  Cbaracterp  &c*  investigated,  and  perhaps  ascertained.     By  Joseph  Hunter, 


im 


Con-esponder^ce  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[Feb. 


referrible  to  tLe  remotest  ages  of  Anti- 
quity,— I  merely  give  the  record  as  I  Hud 
it.     It  is  one  of  tho*'c  plain  matter-of-fact 

E feces  that  afford  their  own  commentary  j 
tit  pcrhapc  In  the  facts  related  in  this 
rc€ord  your  readers  may  discover  some 
approach  to  the  incidents  suog  ia  two  of 
the  ballada  in  Robio  Hood^i  Garland** 
However^  the  words  of  the  record  cannot 
be  miBjaterpreted. 

(Translation,) 
Fbr  the  King,  eencemintj  mquirjf  qf  the 
ire«pa»s  commit  ltd  in  vert  and  veumn  tn 
^  the  foreti  of  Shirewoffe,— The  King,  to 
'his  beloTed  and  ftiitliful  John  of  Done* 
caster  and  Walter  nf  Gousle,  Greetiog  i 
Know  ye,  That  wUereajs  it  lately  having 
been  given  us  to  understand  that  Robert 
Joice,  Richard  of  Dogcnerifetd,  and  Robert 
of  Kirtelington,  and  other  eril-doer^i,  had 
been  very  recently  convicted  of  divers 
tretpaEfies  as  well  of  vert  as  of  venison  in 
oar  Forest  of  Shirewood,  and  afterwards 
had  not  been  deterred  from  committing 
the  like  trespassea,  [and  tliat]  Williaiti  of 
Dogmcrsfelo,  the  Steward  of  the  Forest 
aforesaid,  was  comforting  the  aforenamed 
Robert,  Richard,  and  Robert,  and  other 
ovll-doora,  in  their  wickedness,  and  re- 
tained the  said  Richard,  after  he  waa  ao 
convicted,  in  the  service  of  the  forest 
against  the  oasiae  of  the  same,  adhering 
to  the  aforesaid  evil-doers  in  their  wicked- 
ncsa,  not  without  our  gricvoos  damage 
and  the  spoil  of  the  forest  aforesaid,  and 
committing  the  like  wrongs  :  We,  being 
deairouB  to  be  more  fully  certified,  had 
assigned  our  beloved  and  faithful  WtlUsm 
fitz  William,  Thomas  of  Nc^vmarket,  and 
Hugh  de  Cres«y,  and  two  of  them,  to 
ii^uire  by  the  oath  of  f^ood  men,  &c, 
oa  Well  of  Ihojc  who  abide  within  the 
ineiea  of  the  forest  aforesaid,  as  of  others 
of  the  county  of  Nottingham,  by  whom, 
Ike.  in  the  presence  of  the  aforesaid 
William  Dogmersfcld,  to  be  forewarned, 


if  h«  wished  to  he  present,  by  the  afore- 
said  William  htz  William,  Thomas,  and 
Hugh,  or  two  of  them,  whether  tJie  same 
William  was  comforting  the  aforenamed 
Robert,  Richard,  and   Robert,  and  other 
evil-doers   making   trespasB   of   vert   and 
of  veniaoo  io  such  manner  in  our  afore- 
said   foreat     before     the    same    Robert, 
Richard,   Rnbert,   and    other    evil-doers 
were  convicted  of  such  like  trespasses  and 
afterwards,  and  did  retain  him  the  same 
Richard  in  the  service  of  the  forest  against 
the  assise  of  the  same,  and  had  adhered  to 
them   the    samit    Robert,    Richard,    and 
Robert,  and  other  the  evil-doers  aforesaid 
in  the  same  trespasses  as  is  aforesaid,  or 
no,  and  concerning  all  other  things  touch- 
ing that  business  [tn  inquire]  more  fully 
the  truth  aa  in  our  writs  patent  to  the 
same  William,  Thomas,  and  Hugh, or  two 
of  them,  thcrcofi   directed,    more  fully  is 
contained  :  We  have  associated  you  or  the 
other  of  you   to   the   aforesaid  William, 
Thomas,  and  Hui;h,  and  two  of  tliem,  to 
perform  and  fulfil   all  and  singular  the 
premises  together  with  the  same  WHliam, 
Thomas,  and  Hugh,  or  two  of  them.     So, 
nevertheless,  That  if  at  certain  days  and 
places  which  the  same  William,  Thomas, 
and  Hugh,  or  two  of  tbeiUf  shall  for  this 
purpose  appoint,  it  shall  happen  that  jrou 
or  one  of  you  be  present,  that  then  they  do 
admit  yoii  or  one  of  you  for  this  purpose  aa 
fellows  or  a  feOow,  else,  !kc*   And  therefore  i 
we  command  you  that  you  do  take  heed  I 
to  all  and  dngukr  the  premises,  together  f 
with  the  same  William ,  Thomas,  and  Hugl!,  J 
or  two  of  them,  to  be  performed  in  form] 
aforesaid.     For  we  have  commanded  thai 
same  William,  Thomas,  and   Hugh,  and' 
two  of  them,  that  they  do  admit  you  or 
one  of  you   for    thb  purpose  as  fellows 
or  a  fellow  as  is  aforesaid.     In  [witnes^  j 
whereof,  A:c,     Witness  the  King  at  Witl£| 
sor,  the  7tJi  day  of  April  [1315J. 

Tliere  ia  also  upon  the  hack  of  the  same  j 


•  Robin  Hood*«  Delight  j  or,  a  New  Combat  fought  between  Robin  Hood,  Little 
John,  and  W^ill.  Scarlett,  with  three  atowt  keepers  in  Sherwood  Forest. 
The  conclusion  of  this  combat  was— 

*'  So  away  they  went  to  Nottingham, 
W^ith  sack  to  make  amends ; 
For  three  days  they  the  wine  did  chace, 
And  drank  themselves  good  friends. 

No.  17  of  the  copy  of  "  Rnhin  Hood*8  Garland,*' 
London :  R.  Marshall,  in  Aldermary  Churchyard,  Row  Lane. 

Robin  Hood  and  the  Ranger  ;  or.  True  Friendship  after  a  Fierce  Fight* 
The  conclusion  is  much  the  same  aa  in  the  preceding, 

*♦  The  forester  ne'er  was  to  merry  before, 
As  be  then  was  with  those  brave  sonb, 
Who  never  would  fail,  io  wine,  beer,  or  ale. 
To  take  of  those  cboriahiug  buwU.*' 

No.  ^I\  of  the  aame  copy  of  the  Garland. 


1853.] 


Correspondence  ofSi^ivanus  llrtmn. 


160 


Roll  a  fiimikr  Commbsion  for  disorders 
committt:d  in  Cranbonru  Chiue. 

Uopiog  that  your  readers  will  concur 


with  me  in  believing  that  the  above  iB  any- 
thing but  mythical, 

I  aui,  yonra,  Jkc.  T.  E»T. 


English  Ettmology. — Maze  and  Amaze.    Amatb  and  Mats. 
MakEj  MatcH)  and  Meet, 


Matk, 


I 
I 

I 
■ 


Mr.  Urban, — Tlie  nn  certain  ties  of 
EDglish  Etymology  are  among  the  con- 
gequences  of  the  multifarious  origin  of 
our  language*  The  ordinary  use  of  a 
word  has  usually  no  trame'liate  r^pect  to 
its  etymological  origin.  A  word  once  re- 
ceived and  adopted  into  a  language  un- 
dergoes all  the  modifications  of  form  and 
meaning  imposed  upon  it  by  vulgar  usage , 
Quctn  penes  arbttriutn  est  ct  jus  et  normn 
lofjncnili. 

In  a  pure  and  unmixed  tongue  the 
changes  produced  by  usage  cause  few 
difficulties  to  the  philologist.  An  analogy 
reignfl  throughout  them,  and  their  laws 
ore  constant  and  eaf!ily  recognised.  But 
where  a  people  derivea  its  ideas  and  their 
erpresstons  from  a  variety  of  sources^  aa 
k  the  cade  with  all  moderu  European 
national  and  more  especially,  in  respect  to 
language,  with  ouraelvcs,  there  a  variety 
of  influeuces  are  introduced  which  reader 
the  process  by  which  the  forma  and  mean- 
ings of  words  arc  varied  more  complioited 
and  perplcjcing.  Words  of  one  origin  are  , 
often  modified  and  derivatives  constructed 
by  changes  which  follow  the  analogy  of 
those  of  a  different  origin.  Their  meaa- 
logs  Rre  iafiaenced  by  fancied  connections 

rwith  roots  altogether  foreign  to   them  ; 

'md  folae  ftud  fantastic  etymologies  affect 
even  the  popular,  which  is  generally  the 
most  correct^  employment  of  words. 
Hence  one  is  scarcely  wrong  in  attributing 
to  some  words  a  double  etymology.  And 
in  oUiers  one  origin  has  given  rise  to  the 
forna,  while  a  different  fancied  derivatioo 
has  determined  the  sense. 

The  word  many  is  an  example  of  this 
double  origin,  qs  I  iiave  shewn  in  u  pre- 
vious letter.  Another  instance  is  to  be 
found  Id  the  words  amaze,  maze*  The 
etymology  of  the  verb  atnaze  given  la  the 
dictionaries  refers  it  to  the  substiintive 
mdje,  which  is  said  to  be  derived  from  the 
Dutch  mhaen,  or  the  Anglo  Saxon  mmiany 
to  miss  or  err.  Chaucer  in  the  Nounes 
Frees tcs  Tale  seems  to  use  maai  of  a  per- 
plexing fancy  ; 

Men  tlrtiAiuc  nl  da/  uf  oute»  *iid  of  »][*«» 
Aiid  eke  of  many  a  maae  UienrtUuil. 

And  in  the  Marchfttitea  Talc  the  verb 
fiM^e  seems  to  mean  to  dream  or  wander 
in  fancy  . 
Ye  ttmn  ye  must^t  gouilo  Atro,  rpicxt  ^c, 
Thl*  thmik  Uttvc  K  for  I  tmvo  ni»de  yoa  tec. 

And  this  origin  Ims  no  doubt  contributed 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


to  the  sense  in  which  the  words  maze  and 
amaze  have  been  used  tn  EiigUsh.  But 
the  more  prevalent  idea  expressed  by  the 
word  amaze,  as  commonly  u^ed  in  the 
older  writers,  is  that  of  prodtrution,  or 
Bubduiag.  For  example,  in  the  foUowing 
line  from  the  Chanones  Yemannet  Tale 
of  Chaucer, 

De  lu  t»e  may,  be  yo  ntn  tblng  airtasfd, 

the  word  does  not  mean  perplexed,  hut 
catt  down. 

So  Milton : 

Out  to  the  ainaziHient  of  what  1  expected, 
roiuler*,  J  t'oiunl  it  all  quite  couiriui'y. 

And  in  the  sonnet  to  Fairfax  : 
Ami  mu  licr  Jealouij  monsrclis  witli  atnaiv. 
And  runiDars  loud  which  iLiuut  renioteB>t  kiiig». 

In  this  sense  the  word  amaze  is  obvi- 
ously closely  connected  with  amate  and 
mate.  This  word  again  in  its  old  senses 
cannot  with  certainty  be  referred  to  a 
single  origin.  To  mete  (Aug.  Sax,  metan) 
in  the  language  of  Chaucer  is  ta  dream  ; 
and  to  male,  or  a  mute,  seems  sometimes 
the  causative  or  active  verb  corresponding 
to  this  neuter. 

Sole  by  hinuielf  awhaped  and  amcdt. 

(Cbanoer,  Blacke  Kaight) 

I  tMnk  you  an  all  nwttd  or  fttark  moA. 

(Shukftperc,  Com.  of  Err.  Act  V.  sc.  L) 

If  the  word  exists  at  all  in  this  ecuEse,  it 
is  connected  with  the  ItaEan  tnatio,  the 
English  mad,  and  perhi^ps  with  the  Greek 
fmratosj  and  fiarni*. 

But  the  prevailing  Bigniftcation  of  the 
word  amaie  is  that  of  subduing  or  over^ 
throwing. 

So  in  Macbeth  (Act  V.  so.  1). 

My  mind  mho  Iiaa  uu'dfd  nad  niuojusd  my  rA^hl. 

The  same  two  words  are  used  together 
in  Fairfax's  Tosso,  p.  248  ; 

Stood  hushed  and  still,  uttuHcl  qx\^\^  awn-wi, 

This  sense  of  subditmg  is  common  to 
many  Lmgoages.  The  Italians  have  ma/> 
tare  to  subdue,  and  ammazzare  to  kill ; 
the  ordinary  Spanbh  word  for  killing  is 
maiar.  Matt  in  German  is  weary,  faint i 
and  in  the  old  French  maUr  is  to  subdue. 
Ducange  Dite»  an  ancient  poem  on  Richard 
of  Normandy  s 

r*iuii  cuiiki  avoir  Nomious  m<u<*  et  conibiidaii. 

**Mate'*  in  chess  is  the  same  word; 
check-mate,  in  Italian,  tcacco  mallo^  in 
French^  iehtc  tt  mat,  in  German  achach* 
Z 


170 


Correspondence  of  Syhanus  Urban. 


[Feb. 


matt,  Ducange  interprets  rexmortuua  est,* 
The  French  masadcre,  in  medieval  Latin 
mazaeriunty  is  evidently  of  the  same  family. 


•  Chess,  in  old  French,  eschas  or 
caches,  in  medieval  Latin  xcffccortfm  Indus, 
is  probably  derived  from  the  Persian  word 
scach,  or  *'  shah,*'  which  is  equivalent  to 
"  king. ' '  The  principal  piece  in  the  game, 
according  to  the  Greek  historian  Michael 
Ducas,  was  called  by  the  Persians  of  the 
time  of  Tamerlane  Siach-ruch,  and  by  the 
Italians  scacco  zocco.  (Ducse  Hist.  By- 
zant.  p.  37,  cited  in  Madox,  Hist.  Exch. 
p.  109.)  Sir  W.  Jones  gives  his  autho- 
rity to  another  etymology,  and  derives  it 
from  the  Persian  word  for  the  game,  cha- 
trang.  Ail  the  numerous  meanings  of  the 
word  check,  and  its  derivatives,  are  de- 
scended from  this  single  origin.  Scacca- 
rium  was  originally  a  chess-table,  in  Italian 
scacchiere,  in  French  ^chiquier,  and  in 
the  language  of  Chaucer  a  "  checkere." 
Hence  scacchi,  with  its  equivalents  (An- 
glicc  check,  cheeky,  chequer,  &c.),  was 
used  for  the  pattern  of  a  chess  board,  and 
the  squares  of  which  such  a  pattern  is 
formed. 

Ed  eran  tante  che  '1  numero  loro 
PiU  clie  '1  dopplar  degli  scacchi  a'  immilla. 

(Dante,  Paradise,  xxvili.  92.) 

•*  So  many  were  the  sparks,  that  their 
number  mounted  by  thousands  higher  than  * 
the  reduplication  of  the  squares  of  a  chess- 
board." 

The  sense  of  the  word  scaccarium,  or 
exchequer,  as  a  branch  of  the  royal  exe- 
cutive (originally  a  fiscal  and  subsequently  a 
juridical  court),  seems  peculiar  to  England 
and  Normandy.  Its  use  in  this  sense  is 
as  old  as  the  twelfth  century  at  least ;  and 
the  received  derivation  of  the  name  from 
the  pattern  upon  the  table  or  the  cloth 
which  covered  it,  like  that  of  the  Court  of 
Starchamber  from  the  ornament  of  the 
walls  or  ceiling  of  the  room,  is,  I  suppose, 
correct.  It  is  probable  that  this  division 
of  the  table  into  squares  or  checks  may 
have  been  useful  in  rude  times  to  assist 
the  clerks,  or  ••checquermen,"  in  "check- 
ing" the  accounts  and  making  their  cal- 
culations, like  the  calculi,  or  pebble 
**  counters,**  which  this  word  suggests,  or 
the  *•  ready  reckoners  "  of  modem  days. 
Some  such  assistance  must  have  been  par- 
ticularly necessary  when  reckonings  had 
to  be  made  with  no  other  signs  fbr  num- 
bers but  the  letters  of  the  alphabet,  be- 
fore the  introduction  of  the  Arabic  nu- 
merals. It  is  remarkable  that,  in  the 
obscure  passage  from  Dante  to  which  I 
have  referred,  the  scacchi  are  introduced 
merely  to  suggest  the  idea  of  repeated 
multiplication. 

The  English  verb  to  cheek  haa  eTidmitly 


The  substantive  mate  in  the  sense  of 
companion  or  equal  seems  to  be  another 
instance  of  a  word  derived  from  two 
sources,  the  senses  of  which  are  nearly 
allied,  and  have  consequently  not  been 
distinguished.  The  origin  of  match  is  the 
Anglo-Saxon  maca,  equal.  Another  form 
of  this  word  is  make  : 

In  time  when  hire  lust  to  have  a  nuite. 

(Chaucer,  Manciples  Tale.) 

The  word  mate  is  used  in  the  same 
sense: 

Yon  knew  me  once  no  mate 
For  you,  then  sitting  where  you  durst  not  soar. 
(Milton,  Paradise  Lost.) 

So  Dryden  uses  it  as  a  verb  : 

Parnassus  is  its  name,  whose  forky  rise 
Mounts  through  the  clouds  and  mates  the  lofty 
skies. 

In  these  instances  mate  is  used  as  equi- 
valent to  match.  But  the  more  proper 
sense  of  the  word  mate  is  that  of  com- 
panion ;  and  the  letters  which  form  it  are 
the  same  as  those  in  the  adjective  and 
verb  meet  and  to  meet,  (the  Saxon  melon) 
the  German  adverb  mil,  and  the  Greek 
fiera. 

To  meet  is  used  by  Chaucer  in   the 
sense  of  to  accompany.      The  Canon's 
yeoman  speaking  of  his  master  says  : 
For  never  herafter  wol  I  with  him  mete 
For  peny  ne  for  pound  I  yon  behete. 

And  mate  is  formed  from  this  verb  in 
the  same  way  as  its  equivalent  fellow  is 
probably  derived  from  follow.  The  true 
sense  of  mate  is  therefore  companion,  not 
equal.  The  distinction  of  match  and  mate 
is  shewn  in  the  following  line  of  Spenser : 
Unworthy  match  for  such  immortal  mate. 

So  Milton  in  his  sonnet  to  the  Night- 
ingale : 

Whether  the  Muse  or  Love  call  thee  his  mate. 
Both  them  I  serve,  and  of  thehr  train  am  L 

This  proper  sense  of  mate  is  retained  in 


a  twofold  immediate  origin — one  from  the 
cheek  or  attack  in  the  game  of  chess,  the 
other  from  the  checking,  or  correcting  by 
means  of  checks,  of  accounts  in  the  ex- 
chequer. This  is  another  instance  of  the 
peculiarity  observed  above.  The  word 
unites  the  two  ideas  of  attacking,  and 
hence  of  suddenly  stopping,  and  of  cor- 
recting or  finding  fault ;  and  it  is  not  easy 
in  most  cases  to  determine  which  idea  pre- 
vails. Take  the  following  instances  out  of 
Shakspere. 

Checked  like  a  bondman,  all  his  faults  observed, 
Set  in  a  note-book,  learned  and  conned  by  rote. 

(Julius  Cffisar,  Act  IV.  sc.  3.) 
Next  time  111  keep  my  dreams  unto  myself, 
And  not  be  checked. 

(Henry  VL  Ft  U.  Act  I.  ae.  2.) 


1858.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


171 


all  the  words  derired  from  it  in  ordinary 
nse,  metsmaiey  sMpmatei  helpmate;  which 
may  be  compared  with  the  German  Mii- 
bflrger,  Miichriat,  Jelhw-huTgerf  fetlow- 
Christian. 

It  is  observable  that  in  the  passage 
in  Genesis,  ii.  18  and  20,  **  I  will  make 
him  an  help  meet  for  him/*  it  would 
appear  as  if  the  translator  had  adopted 
the  ordinary  English  word  helpmatey  and 


altered  its  form,  in  accordance  perhaps 
with  his  idea  of  its  etymology,  to  suit 
better  the  purpose  of  the  translation. 
Luther's  translation  has  simply,  eine 
Geh&lfinn.  In  the  original  Hebrew  it  is 
"  a  helper  as  before  him,"  and  it  is  so 
given  in  the  margin  of  our  translation. 
In  the  Vulgate  the  words  used  are  a^uto^ 
rium  simile  ei. 

Yours,  &c.        F.  M.  N. 


Monumental  Inscription  at  Choldkrton,  go.  Wilts. — The  Prince  of 
Orange's  March  in  1688. 

Mr.  Urban,— Frequent,  but   ineffec-  Hoc  agro  oriun[dus}  Qui 

tual,  hare  been  the  remonstrances  address-  GuUelmum  tertium  [Re]gem 

ed,  through  your  pages,  to  incumbents,  Angliaj  roceplt  mor«  R[egio} 

architects,    and  churchwardens  on   their  S!!^?^^^"^^^ 

reckless  destruction  of  sepulchral  monu-  Mmt[ar}i  hono[re] 

ments.     Eren  in  the  very  county  to  which 

I  am  about  to  allude  a  most  glaring  in-  A  reference  to  the  Parish  Register  shows 

stance  of  recent  wanton  outrage  was  de-  that  Mr.  Hill  was  buried  on  the  28th  of 

teoted  and  detailed  by  you  in  your  "  Notes  July,  1727.    We  also  find  an  entry  of  the 

for  the  Month''  of  April  in  the  last  year,  marriage  of  his  eldest  danghter  and  coheir, 

as  respected  a  mural  slab  to  one  of  the  Elizabeth,  then  of  New  Sarum,  to  Thomas 

ancient  family  of  Zouche  at  Pitton,  near  Lee  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Esquire,  on  January 

Salisbury.     Lambeth  was  also  at  the  same  the  12th,  1690-1  ;  and  their  representa- 

time  alluded  to  in  evidence  of  the  fantastic  tive  is,  I  am  informed,  the  Rev.  John  W.  T. 

exploits  of  these  architects  and  their  auxi-  Lee,  of  Withycombe  Raleigh,  in  the  county 

liaries.     In  the  present  instance  1  have  of  Devon.     There  is  no  notice  of  the  event 

the  more  pleasing  task  of  narrating  the  of  the  Prince's  visit  in  the  Parish  Register, 

discovery  and  renovation  of  a  tomb  in  the  neither  does  any  tradition  remain  amongst 

diurchyard  at  Choldcrton,  remarkable  as  '  the  inhabitants. 

recording  the  reception  by  the  deceased.  It  may  here  be  permitted,  with  great 

then  the  squire   of  the   parish,  of    the  deference  to  the  distinguished   historian 

'*  Great  Deliverer"  on  his  mission  of  civil  whose  coming  volumes  we  are  all  so  anx- 

and  religions  liberty  in  1688.  iously  looking  for,  to  offer  a  few  remarks 

The  slab  in  question  was  in  a  most  dila-  on  the  march  of  the  Prince,  its  connection 

pidated  state,    but   the    inscription    was  with  Stonehenge,  and  the  record  on  the 

decyphered,  though  with  much  trouble,  by  above-mentioned  tombstone.     Mr.  Mac- 

the  incumbent,  the  Rev.  James  Fraser,  who  aulay,  apparently  referring  to  '^  Whittle's 

took  a  praiseworthy  interest  in  the  matter.  Exact  Diary  "  of  the  Expedition,  intro- 

Tbere  were,  in  fact,  inscriptions  to  three  duces  the  episode  of  the  regiments  halting 

different  members  of  the  family  as  follows,  in  succession  to  gaze  on  the  **  mysterious 

the  last  being  the  one  more  directly  al-  ruin  "  as  having  taken  place  on  the  ad- 

luded  to.     The  letters  in  brackets  have  vance  upon  Salisbury  from  the  westward, 

been  restored  by  conjecture :  Now  it  is  clear  from  Whittie's  account  (he 

„      ,    ,.  .           ,  ^       i.    r  1     -I  was  a  chaplain  to  the  army)  that  the  Prince 

Here  lyeth  •»«»«'«*?»  »' »  "oy^  and  hi.  force,  mored  from  Sherborne  in 

ful  resurrection  the  body  of  Jonathan  *•    *  ♦    wi       „»        *u-«^- 

Hill,  Gent,  who  departed  thU  life  *!»' Jf  columns,  hrst  to  Wincanton ,  thence 

September  the  27th,  1670,  *<>  Merc,  and  so  on  straight  to  Salisbury 

JEi&Ufi  siuE  65.  by  Hindon,  Dinton,  and  Wilton,  and  con- 
sequently at  the  nearest  point  full  eight 

miles  due  south  of  Stonehenge.     But  Mr. 

Whittie  subsequently  tells  us  that  *•  after 

some  stay  here,"  viz.  at  Salisbury,  "the 

Hie jacet corpus EUzabeth, uxor  ....  Prince  went  to   Amesbury ;  "    and  then 

Jonathan  HUl  ar.    In  ipe  beats  follows  the  story  of  the  halt  to  view  the 

Itesurrectionhi,  Qus  obUt  die  ... .  ^^^j^^,,  p^j^j  ^^^^^^^  accompanied  by  some 

Decembrls  Anno  D'ni  1702,  ^^^^j^^j  ^j^^^^j^^  ^  ^  j^g  ^^j^j^  ^^j  ^j,. 

Vita  cadula  v^eT«Svato  vita  perennU,  Je?t.  Cholderton  is  about  four  or jWe 
Corpus  terra  tegit ;  splritus  alto  petit.  "»»«» ^jie  west  of  Amesbury.  Prom  AmM- 
Hoc  tumulo  Jacet  bury  the  army  and  its  great  chief  advanced 
Jonathan  Hill  Ar[mi]ger  to  Hungerford :  and  here  WhitUe  re- 
Ex  antiqna  sti[rpe]  to  cords  an  incident  bearing  a  close  resem* 


172 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Feb. 


blance  to  the  tale  on  Mr.  Hill*s  tombstoDe. 
"  To  proceed,"  he  says,  "  the  army  moved 
daily  according  to  the  motion  of  his  High- 
ness, who  rode  from  Amesbary  unto  a 
certain  gentleman's  house  near  CoUing- 
bonme/'  This  was  some  eight  miles  due 
north  of  Cholderton,  and  on  his  direct 
road  to  Hungerford,  where  Mr.  Macaulay 
states  that  he  arrived  on  the  6th  of  De- 


cember, and  whence,  according  to  Whittie, 
he  must  have  removed  to  Littlecote,  the 
ancient  and  curious  seat  of  the  Darrells 
and  Pophams,  on  the  8th,  staying  there 
until  the  10th,  the  intervening  day  being 
Sunday.  From  thence  the  army  continued 
its  march  on  London  by  the  old  Bath  road 
through  Newbury  and  Reading. 

Yours,  &c.  L. 


The  Posterity  of  Ra.lph  Thorbsby  the  Antiquary. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  your  Magazine  for 
November  was  an  inquiry  by  T.  M.  for 
the  sons  or  descendants  of  Ralph  Thoresby 
the  antiquary.  I  incline,  however,  to 
think  that  no  such  descendants  are  now  to 
be  found  ;  at  all  events  the  search  I  have 
had  the  curiosity  to  make  has  been  hitherto 
quite  fruitless.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
Dr.  Whitaker,  in  his  2nd  edition  of  the 
''  Ducatus,*'  1816,  did  not  continue  the 
Thoresby  pedigree,  there  inserted,  down 
to  his  own  time,  and  which  would  have 
cleared  away  all  present  difficulty.  In  his 
memoir  of  Thoresby,  prefixed  to  that 
work,  he  says :  **  Of  ten  children  born  to 
our  author  three  only  survived  their  father. 
Ralph  and  Richard,  the  two  sons,  were 
clergymen,  the  first  educated  at  Queen's 
College,  the  second  at  Catherine  Hall, 
Cambridge,  and  both  promoted  by  the 
kindness  of  Bishop  Gibson,  for  their 
father's  memory,  to  respectable  benefices, 
the  elder  being  Rector  of  Stoke  Newing- 
ton,  and  the  younger  of  St.  Catherine's, 
Coleman  Street." 

From  the  pedigree  it  appears  the  elder, 
Ralph,  died  at  Stoke  Newington  24  April, 
1763,  without  it8U€:  the  younger,  Richard, 
died  1774,  but  where  is  not  stated.  He, 
it  seems,  had,  besides  a  daughter,  two 
sons,  one  of  whom  died  in  the  "  Black 
Hole  "  of  Calcutta,  1756.  Now  it  is  ex- 
tremely  doubtful  if  any  descendants  of 
these  two  sons  last  mentioned  be  living, 
and  even  if  so  the  presumption  is  they 
have  sunk  into  obscurity.  While  I  am 
gathering  together  these  fragments,  im- 
perfect and  inconclusive  as  they  may  be, 
allow  me  to  mention  that  there  is  a  saddler 
in  Leeds  of  the  name  of  Settle,  maternally 
descended  from  a  niece  of  the  antiquary. 
But,  to  show  the  ignorance  as  to  matters 
of  personal  genealogy  when  other  and 
more  pressing  cares  engross  the  mind,  he 
cannot  tell  the  maiden  name  of  this  niece, 
though  his  great-grandmother;  therefore 
we  are  left  in  the  dark  as  to  whether  she 
was  the  daughter  of  the  antiquary's  brother 
Jeremiah,  who  (by  Mary,  daughter  of 
Charles  Savage,  esq.  7th  son  of  Thomas 
Earl  of  Rivers)  had  two  daughters,  £liza. 
beth  and  Mary,  or  of  his  sister  Abigail, 
who,  by  Richard  Idle,  M.A.  Vicar  of 
South  Dalton,  had  three  daughters.     All 


that  can  be  told  with  certainty  is,  that  she 
married  a  Jeremiah  Nicholson,  cloth - 
dresser  in  Leeds,  and  Thoresby,  in  his 
Diary,  edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter, 
frequently  speaks  of  his  niece  Nicholson. 
They  had  Richard  Nicholson,  a  saddler, 
whose  daughter  Elizabeth  married  James 
Settle,  father  of  the  present  F.'  N.  Settle, 
saddler.  He  has  an  original  painting  of 
the  antiquary,  which  was  long  neglected 
in  the  workshop  of  Jeremiah  Nicholson. 
It  is  taken  in  the  aldermanic  dress  of  that 
time. 

Besides  our  author's  branch  of  the 
family  there  was  that  which  Whitaker,  with 
good  reason,  supposed  to  be  allied  to  it.  1 
allude  to  that  styled  by  him,  from  the 
place  of  its  residence,  the  Call  Lane 
branch,  the  members  of  which  frequently 
wrote  their  name  after  its  ancient  ortho- 
graphy Thursby.  Dr.  Whitaker,  after 
giving  a  particular  view  of  the  heads  of 
the  family,  says  :  "  The  name  (excepting 
that  it  has  been  engrafted  *  into  another 
family  by  baptism)  is  now  reduced  to  a 
single  individual,  without  issue,  and  un- 
married." The  person  here  spoken  of  was 
the  late  Mr.  John  Thursby,  a  merchant  in 
Leeds,  and  the  last  of  the  Call  Lane 
branch,  who,  dying  without  issue,  left  by 
will,  dated  11  Api^,  1840,  and  proved  at 
York,  12  June,  1840,  the  whole  of  his 
estate  to  his  nephew,  the  Rev.  Robert 
Nowell  Whitaker,  Vicar  of  Whalley,  son 
of  the  historian  of  Whalley,  Craven,  Aire- 
dale, and  Richmondshire,  who  had  mar- 
ried Lucy,  the  sister  of  this  John  Thursby. 
John  and  Lucy  were  the  children  of 
Thomas  Thursby,  son  of  Thomas,  bapt. 
1684,  son  of  Thomas  of  Call  Lane,  bapt. 
about  1650,  and  supposed  to  be  the  sixth 
child  of  Paul  Thoresby,  Alderman  of 
Leeds,  son  of  George  of  West  Cotting- 
with,  CO.  York,  by  h\s. second  marriage, 
the  antiquary  being  descended  from  the 
/irst  marriage. 

The  name  appears  now  quite  extinct  in 
this  neighbourhood ;  though  in  a  Directory 
of  the  town  of  I^eeds,  of  the  year  1801,  is 
a  Francis  Thoresby,  styled  "  minister," 

*  Dr.  Whitaker's  eldest  son,  whom  he 
named  Thomas  Thoresby,  killed  by  a  fall 
from  his  horse  in  1817. 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  S^hanus  Urban* 


I 


doabtless  of  some  dissenting  hodft  though 
of  what  dcEtominadoQ  it  is  diflicult  to  say. 

Reverting  to  our  antiquary,  Dr.  Whi- 
tnkcr  in  hia  memoir  gays,  '*  He  was  in- 
terred  with  his  ancestors,  in  the  choir  of 
the  parish  churchy  close  to  the  columti 
which  separates  the  chancel  from  the  north 
tronaept,  and  has  now  lain  a  century  with- 
out any  memorial  from  the  piety  of  hia 
friends,  or  the  gratitude  of  his  townsmen." 

Under  the  aaspiceei  of  the  present  excel- 
lent Vicar  of  Leeds,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hook, 
to  whose  eoergien  the  cause  of  the  Church 
of  England  iu  Leeds  is  so  much  indebted, 
the  parish  church  has  heen  entirely  rebuilt^ 


173 


the  arohitecttire  and  general  arrangements 
being  very  different  to  what  they  were  in 
the  old  fabric  ;  and  I  am  happy  to  gay 
that  the  dij^grace  spokcQ  of  by  Whi taker 
now  tio  longer  eiiBts;  a  neat  mural  monu* 
ment,  with  an  appropriate  injcription, 
having  been  placed  in  the  south-eaat  of 
the  choir. 

Should  this  communication  he  the 
means  of  obtainiug  more  informatfon,  it 
will  afford  much  pleasure  toi 

Yours,  ike     C.  J.  Armhtsai}. 

Spnn0dd  Mount j  Leedt, 
2U  Jan.  1853. 


Family  Rbgibter  of  thb  WiDQEtNOTONs* 


Edinburgh t  Jan.  8,  1853, 

M».  Urban, — In  the  Gentleman**  Ma- 
gazine for  July  1802,  there  is  o  letter  from 
a  correspoodent  contniaing  the  folloviMng 
observations.  **  Amusing  myself  in  col- 
lecting the  shattered  remainH  of  the  Wid- 
driogtODS,  wrecked  iu  the  unfortunate 
cause  of  the  Stuarts,  allow  me  to  ask  what 
distant  branches  yet  exist  of  that  once 
splendid  and  noble  family?'*  •  *  •  »  • 
*'  I  sbouhl  deem  myself  highly  obliged 
with  any  account  of  the  coUflt4:ra]  branches 
(Signed)  N.  N."  At  page  704  of  the 
some  volume  some  explanations  are  given 
by  another  correspondent  "  M.  M."  in 
tuiswer  to  the  queries  of  N.  N.  regarding 
the  last  Lord  Widdrington^  his  widow^  &c. 

I  have  now  lying  before  me  a  Church 
of  England  Prayer  Book,  dated  IG84,  or 
thereabouts  (part  of  the  date  is  defective), 
containing  a  number  of  entrieg  of  mar- 
riages and  births  of  a  family  of  Widdring- 
ton  in  the  county  of  Nortbiimberland. 
The  volume  belongs  to  a  liueal  descendant 
of  the  famUy,  and  baa  never  been  out  of 
their  pOBsessiou.  They  went  to  Ireland 
early  in  the  last  century,  where  they  iq- 
termarried  with  Lee^*  Mallets,  and  other 
reipectable  families. 

''  Ralph  Wjtberington  was  marled  to 
Mary  Smith  the  13th  day  of  Nouember,  iu 
the  year  of  our  Jjord  1T03,  at  seaveo  a 
clock  in  the  morning,  Sunday. 

Eliz.  Witherington  was  borne  the  14th 
day  of  leneruarey,  of  a  SundaVf  between 
5  and  6  a  clock  at  night,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  1704-5. 

Heaery  Witherington  was  borne  the  1 1th 
day  of  March,  on  a  Thursday,  between 
3  and  4  a  clock  in  the  aftcrnoonet  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  1708, 

Robert  Withe riJigton  was  bom  the  2l8t 
day  of  April,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
God  17 12. 

Mary  Witherington  was  borne  the  23d 
day  of  July,  at  11  a  clock  of  a  Fryday 
night,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  170  14, 


Dubry  (Deborah?)  Widdrington  was 
borne 

Ann  Witherington  was  borne  the  17  th 
day  of  Jcneuarey,  Qt  11  a  clock  in  the 
morning,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1717. 

Joseph  Witherington  was  borne  the  13th 
day  of  March,  of  a  Thursday  morning,  at 
7  a  clock,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1719. 

Ralph  Widdrington  born  ye  2ii  day  of 
Feb.  on  ye  Fryday,  at  4  a  clock  in  ye 
morning,  in  year  17  2f), 

Francis  Widdrington  was  home  the  2 
day  of  April,  at  4  a  clock  in  the  Sunday 
mornings  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1721. 

Debra  Widdrington  was  bora  the  second 
day  of  Nouember,  a  a  t  ♦  ,  [leaf  torn]  in 
the  year  17*^"5,  afteraoooc,  at  2  a  dock, 

Abigail  Widdrington  was  borne  the 
19  day  of  Nonembr,  17  . .  [leaf  torn]  on 
a  Saterilay,  io  tbe  aflemoon,  at  2. 

John  Widdrington,  bom  the  22 d  day  of 
leiiuary,  17  ■  .  [leaf  torn]  at  ten  a  clock 
at  night,  on  a  Mujiday."^ 

On  another  blank  Iciif  of  the  book  the 
two  following  births  occur,  probably  chil- 
dren of  the  same  numeroos  fomily* 

"  William  Witherington  was  home  the  Gth 
day  of  March,  between  nine  and  ten  a  clock 
in  the  morning,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
God  1710. 

Fenwiuk  Widdrington  was  borne  the 
1 3th  day  of  February,  at  five  a  clock  of  a 
Thirsday  morning,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1730.-' 

The  following  entry  evidently  applies  to 
a  new  generation  : 

"  Ralph  Widdrington  was  born  ye  15th 
day  of  lanuary,  between  eight  and  nine 
a  clock  in  the  morning,  graa^ion  to  Ralph 
(1738-9)  Widdrington,  and  ion  to  Henry 
Widdrington.'* 

In  other  parts  of  the  Prayer  Book  the 
Ralph  Widdrington  firsit  above  mentioned 
is  styled  **  Ralph  Widdrington  of  Hanxley, 
in  tbe  pariah  of  Warquoth,  county  of 
Norihumberlond/*  And  the  following 
entry  also  appears  uader  tbe  date  of  1709  : 


174 


NoteM  of  the  Month. 


[Feb. 


'*  Henry  Widdrington,  in  Harbofctle  in 
England,  in  y*  county  of  Northumbrland, 
in  the  parish  of  Whittingham/*  After  this 
follow  some  words,  which  from  the  pecu- 
liarity of  the  handwriting  it  is  extremely 
difficult  to  decipher.  The  following  is 
rather  a  guess  at  what  the  writing  may  be 
than  a  copy  of  what  it  is — "  Dea  vigilet 
labores  beata/' 

On  inquiry  none  of  the  above  entries 
are  to  be  found  in  the  parochial  registers 
of  either  the  parish  of  Wark  worth  or  of 
Whittingham. 

It  would  be  very  obliging  if  any  of  your 
correspondents  could  gire  information  re- 
garding the  above  persons,  or  any  of  them. 
The  very  early  hour  in  the  morning  of  the 
marriage  in  1703  is  remarkable.  Could 
the  family  have  been  Roman  Catholics, 
and  so  obliged  to  have  the  ceremony  per- 
formed at  so  unusual  a  time  ?    This  sup- 


position might  also  account  for  none  of 
the  names  appearing  in  the  parish  regis- 
ters ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  we  find  the 
whole  writing  in  a  Church  of  England 
Prayer  Book. 

By  the  way,  what  was  the  motto  or 
mottoes  used  by  the  Widdringtons  ?  Their 
arms  are  well  known  :  Ardent  and  gules, 
a  bend  sable ;  Crest,  a  bull's  head  :  but  I 
have  never  seen  the  motto.  Could  the 
above  words,  supposed  to  be  Latin,  and 
guessed  at  as  J  have  alreadv  written  them, 
have  any  connection  with  the  motto  ? 
These  words,  as  J  have  set  them  down, 
would  support  the  theory  of  the  family 
being  Roman  Catholics.  Indeed  that  sup- 
position mainly  suggested  the  reading  of 
the  words,  which,  as  I  have  already  stated, 
from  the  nature  of  the  handwriting,  it  is 
very  difficult  to  make  out. 

Yours,  &c.  L.  L. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

The  City  of  London  Library— City  of  London  Institution— Literary  Institutions  of  Birmingham— 
Hulsean  Prize— St.  David'scollege,Lainpeter—Sclefntlflc  honours  recently  conferred— The  Camden, 
Sortees,  and  Parker  Societies— Antiquities  collected  by  the  Crystal  Palace  Company— Proposed 
Statue  of  Peter  the  Hermit— Statue  of  George  Stephenson — MS.  of  J.  J.  Rousseau — Sales  of  Auto- 
graphs and  Works  of  Art— Forged  Seals  In  Jet  and  Brass— City  Benefices. 


"  It  is  with  real  pleasure "  (we  quote 
from  the  Atheneum)  *'  that  we  announce 
a  considerate  and  proper  act  now  on  the 
eve  of  accomplishment  by  the  citizens  of 
London,  through  the  good  sense  of  one  of 
their  committees.  Many  of  our  readers 
are  doubtless  aware  that  this  great  city 
possesses  a  most  curious  Library  relating 
to  London  matters, — that  it  is  annually 
adding  to  its  stores, — and  that  it  is  in  pos- 
session of  9  ftind  fully  adequate  to  the  ac- 
quisition of  fresh  curiosities.  But  how  few 
have  ever  consulted  its  shelves,  or,  indeed, 
been  within  its  walls  !  This  Library,  so 
little  used  for  the  purposes  of  research  by 
literary  men,  has  lately  attracted  the  at- 
tention of  the  present  chairman  of  the 
committee  (Mr.  William  Williams);  and 
the  result  has  been,  that  cards  of  admission 
have  been  sent — or  rather  are  now  on  the 
eve  of  being  sent — to  every  author  of  dis- 
tinction whose  habits  of  research  are  at  all 
likely  to  render  the  collection  of  use  to 
him.  A  new  printed  Catalogue  of  the  Li- 
brary will,  as  soon  as  completed  (and  it  is 
nearly  ready),  accompany  every  ticket, — 
80  that  an  author  may  consult  the  cata- 
logue in  his  own  room,  and,  on  finding 
what  he  wants,  wait  on  the  Librarian  with 
his  ticket,  and  see  at  once  what  he  wishes 
to  see.  This  good  example  should  be  copied 
by  the  authorities  at  Oxford  and  at  Cam- 


bridge, at  liambeth  Palace  and  at  Sion 
College." 

One  of  the  literary  institutions  of  the 
metropolis,  that  called  TUtf  Cily  of  London 
Literary  and  Scientific  InBtitution^  which 
was  located  in  Aldersgate  Street,  was 
finally  closed  on  the  31st  of  December, 
after  an  existence  of  twenty-seven  years. 
The  members  have  subscribed  for  a  testi- 
monial to  Mr.  Oeorge  Stacy,  who  acted  as 
Secretary  during  the  whole  period. 

A  meeting  has  been  held  in  Birming' 
ham^  under  good  auspices,  with  a  view  to 
the  establishment  in  that  town  of  a  new 
literary  and  scientific  society.  The  at- 
tempt,  however,  is  to  revive  rather  than  to 
create.  In  the  city  of  Priestley  and  Watt, 
Boulton  and  Bask erville, literary  and  scien- 
tific institutions  seem  to  have  but  a  short 
lease  of  life.  Its  Philosophical  Institution 
has  just  died  a  natural  death.  The  Me- 
chanics' Institute  is  extinct.  The  Poly- 
technic languishes  for  want  of  support. 
Of  the  Social  Union  and  of  the  Artisans' 
Library,  organisations  of  which  the  world 
heard  much  a  few  years  ago,  we  now  hear 
nothing.  Even  the  Public  News-room 
appears  to  be  in  the  last  throes  of  exist- 
ence. But  this  general  decay  of  rival  so- 
cieties, while  it  dears  the  ground  for  a 
new  experiment,  is  apt  by  the  very  fact  of 
that  clearance  to  disoovnge  those  who  look 


1853.] 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


175 


on  from  a  distance  as  to  the  ultimate  suc- 
cess of  even  the  most  magnificently  an- 
nounced efforts — unless  something  more 
than  voluntary  good- will  be  secured  to  the 
undertaking  in  the  first  instance.  It  is 
proposed  to  erect  spacious  buildings,  at  a 
cost  of  19,000/.  The  structure  is  to  con- 
tain three  museums :  the  first  devoted  to  a 
collection  of  such  raw  materials  as  supply 
the  staple  industries  of  the  town  and 
neighbourhood,  including  geological  and 
mineralogical  specimens ;  the  second  to 
articles  in  every  stage  and  variety  of  manu- 
facture, not  only  of  this  time  and  country, 
but,  so  far  as  they  may  be  procurable,  of 
all  ages  and  all  lands  ;  and  the  third  to  a 
large  collection  of  machinery  and  models. 
The  other  features  of  the  scheme  comprise 
a  chemical  laboratory  for  lectures  and 
classes ;  a  central  hall  for  lectures  on 
general  subjects ;  class-rooms  ;  a  reading- 
room  with  a  scientific  and  general  library 
of  reference  ;  and,  as  an  entrance  to  all 
the  departments,  a  large  hall,  adapted  for 
the  reception  of  sculpture  or  other  works 
of  art,  to  become  hereafter  a  nucleus  for 
a  public  gallery.  Another  department 
wiU  be  devoted  to  mining  records,  showing 
the  dimensions  and  position  of  strata  in 
the  different  mineral  workings  of  the  dis- 
trict. The  whole  of  the  expenses  are  ex- 
pected not  to  exceed  20,000/.  Should  the 
money  not  be  raised  by  appeal  to  voluntary 
aid,  it  is  proposed  to  make  application  to 
the  municipal  body,  under  the  Public  Li- 
braries Act,  for  assistance  to  complete 
the  work. — Atheruum, 

On  the  6th  Jan.  a  banquet  in  connec- 
tion with  the  literary  and  artistic  institu- 
tions of  Birmingham  took  place  in  the 
assembly  rooms  of  Dee's  Hotel.  It  origi- 
nated in  a  combined  movement  on  the 
part  of  the  Society  of  Artists,  the  Fine 
Arts  Prise  Fund  Association,  and  the 
Society  of  Arts  and  School  of  Design. 
Invitations  were  sent  to  a  number  of  the 
roost  eminent  literary  men  of  the  day,  and 
a  previous  meeting  was  held  in  the  rooms 
of  the  Society  of  Artists  for  the  purpose 
of  presenting  Mr.  C.  Dickens,  on  the  part 
of  a  number  of  his  admirers  in  Birming- 
ham, with  a  diamond  ring  and  salver,  both 
articles  of  Birmingham  manufacture,  in 
testimony,  according  to  the  inscription  on 
the  salver,  "of  their  appreciation  of  his 
varied  literary  acquirements,  and  of  the 
genial  philosophy  and  high  moral  teaching 
which  characterise  his  writings."  The 
salver  formed  one  of  the  specimens  of 
Birmingham  manufacture  sent  to  the  Great 
Exhibition  by  Messrs.  Elkington  and  Co. 
and  embraces  a  series  of  beautiful  repre- 
sentations taken  from  the  Iliad.  Two 
hundred  gentlemen  sat  down  to  dinner ; 
the  chair  wai  occupied  by  Mr.  H.  Hawkef, 


the  Mayor  of  Birmingham,  and  the  duties 
of  vice-president  were  discharged  by  Mr. 
P.  HoUins.  Among  the  company  present 
were  Sir  C.  L.  Eastlake,  the  President, 
and  several  other  members  of  the  Royal 
Academy. 

The  HuUean  Prize  at  Cambridge  has 
been  adjudged  to  Mr.  W.  Jay  Bolton,  of 
Cains  College,  subject  *•  The  Evidences 
of  Christianity,  as  exhibited  in  the  Writings 
of  its  Apologists  down  to  Augustine  ex- 
clusively."— The  subject  for  the  prize  for 
the  next  year  is,  **  The  Position  and  His- 
tory of  the  Christian  Bishops,  and  espe- 
cially of  the  Bishop  of  Rome,  during  the 
first  three  Centuries."  The  Rev.  M.  B. 
Cowie,  of  St.  John's  College,  has  been 
elected  Hulsean  Lecturer  for  1853. 

Ttie  late  Mr.  Thomas  Phillips,  of  Bruns- 
wick-square, has  left  by  bequest  a  sum  of 
about  6000/.  for  the  purpose  of  fbundhig  a 
professorship  of  the  physical  sciences  in 
St.  DavieTs  Collegt^  Lampeter.  From  a 
considerable  number  of  candidates,  the 
principal  and  professors  have  elected  to 
the  office  the  Rev.  Joseph  Matthews,  M.A. 
of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  With 
this  handsome  bequest  Mr.  Phillips  closed 
a  series  of  munificent  donations,  which 
for  several  years  have  testified  his  interest 
in  the  colleges  of  the  principality.  To 
his  generosity  it  has  been  indebted  for  the 
enlargement  of  the  library,  by  the  addition 
of  more  than  22,000  volumes,  including 
among  them  many  works  of  costly  price 
and  high  literary  value.  A  few  years  be- 
fore his  death  he  also  conveyed  to  St. 
David's  College,  by  deed  of  gift,  the  sum 
of  4,800/.  to  found  six  scholarships,  for 
the  benefit  of  natives  of  Wales  and  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

The  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Paris  has 
divided  the  Lalande  Astronomical  prise 
between  Mr.  Hind  of  London,  M.  deOaf- 
paris  of  Naples,  M.  Luther  of  Blick  near 
Dusseldorff,  M.  Chacomae  of  MarselUee, 
and  M.  Goldschmidt  of  Paris,  all  of  whom, 
by  the  discovery  of  new  planets,  were  en- 
titled to  it.  The  Statistical  prise  was 
granted  to  M.  Horace  Say,  for  Us  volume 
of  industrial  statistics  on  Paris,  and  that 
of  Experimental  Philosophy  was  divided 
between  Mr.  Bridge,  an  English  physician, 
and  Professor  Waller  of  Bonn,  for  treatises 
on  the  nervous  system. 

The  Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences  of 
St.  Peterburgh  has  elected  the  Earl  ftf 
Rosfty  President  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
London,  an  honorary  member — in  consi- 
deration, as  it  is  stated,  of  his  high  scien- 
tific acquirements,  and  of  the  important 
services  which  he  has  rendered  to  astro- 
nomy. 

The  University  of  G&ttingen,  through 
the  medium  of  the  Chevalier  Hansen,  lu» 


176 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


[Feb. 


conferred  upon  Mr,  Samuel  Phillipt  the 
Degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy,  in  consi- 
deration of  his  high  literary  services.  Mr. 
Phillips,  who  was  formerly  a  student  of 
the  Gdttingen  University,  has  distinguished 
himself  by  some  powerful  literary  contri- 
butions to  The  Times,  which  have  been 
largely  circulated  in  this  country  and 
America  in  a  collected  form. 

We  are  happy  to  find  that  The  Camden 
Societyy  whose  works  in  the  press  have 
recently  hung  fire,  are  about  immediately 
to  issue  the  Second  Volume  of  The  Cam- 
den Miscellany,  the  contents  of  which  are 
both  varied  and  curious.  They  consist  of 
1.  The  Household  Expenses  of  John  of 
Brabant,  the  son-in-law  of  Edward  I.  and 
the  princes  Henry  and  Thomas  of  Lan- 
caster, in  1292-3,  from  the  Chapter  House 
Westminster;  2.  The  Household  Expenses 
of  the  Princess  Elizabeth  at  Hatfield  in 
1551-2,  from  a  MS.  in  the  possession  of 
Lord  Viscount  Strangford ;  3 .  The  Request 
and  Suite  of  a  True-hearted  Englishman, 
a  curious  essay  on  commercial  affairs  in 
the  reign  of  Edward  VI.  from  a  MS.  at 
Edinburgh;  4.  The  Discovery  of  the 
Jesuits'  College  at  Clerkenwell,  in  1628, 
from  MSS.  in  the  State  Paper  Office  ;  5. 
Trelawny  Papers,  chiefly  relating  to  the 
celebrated  Bishop  of  Exeter  ;  and  6.  The 
Autobiography  of  Dr.  Taswell,  an  Oxford 
Scholar  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 

The  Surteet  Society  held  a  meeting  on 
the  15th  December,  at  which  sixteen  re- 
cruits (chiefly  enlisted  at  the  Ai^hseologi- 
cal  meeting  at  Newcastle)  were  duly  en- 
rolled ;  and  it  was  announced  that  the 
books  in  progress  for  1853  are  the  Pon- 
tifical of  Egbert,  Archbishop  of  York  (731 
— 767),  to  be  edited  by  Mr.  Greenwell ; 
and  a  volume  of  Wills  and  Inventories 
from  the  Registry  at  Richmond,  to  be 
edited  by  James  Raine,  jun.  B.A.  Fellow 
of  the  University  of  Durham.  The  books 
ordered  for  1854  are  the  Gospel  of  St. 
Matthew,  from  the  Lindisfarne  Northum- 
bro-Saxon  translation  in  the  earlier  part 
of  the  8th  century,  to  be  edited  by  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Stevenson;  and  the  Inven- 
tories and  Account  Rolls  of  the  Monaste- 
ries of  Monkwearmouth  and  Jarrow,  from 
their  commencement  until  the  dissolution, 
to  be  edited  by  the  Rev.  James  Raine. 

The  Parker  Society  announces  the  com- 
pletion of  its  series  of  publications.  A 
volume  of  Archbishop  Whitgift's  Works, 
together  with  Archbishop  Parker's  Cor- 
respondence, the  two  remaining  books  for 
1852,  will  be  ready  for  circulation  early  in 
the  spring.  The  remaining  portions  of 
Archbishop  Whitgift  and  Bradford,  with 
Rogers  on  the  Articles,  and,  it  is  hoped, 
Nowel's  Catechisms,  will  be  issued  for  the 
year  1853.  A  large  number  of  names 
8 


have  been  sent  in  of  subscribers  desirous 
of  having  a  complete  Index  to  the  whole 
of  the  volumes  published  by  the  Society. 
The  Council  have  consequently  determined 
to  issue  such  an  Index,  and  the  subscrip- 
tion for  this  (10«.  6(/.)  should  be  paid  by 
all  members  who  wish  for  it  at  the  same 
time  with  the  subscription  for  the  year. 

The  Crystal  Palace  Company  have  ob- 
tained from  Government  permission  to 
bring  from  Egypt  the  obelisk  called  Cleo- 
patra's Pillar,  and  to  erect  it  in  their 
grounds  at  Sydenham,  on  condition  of  its 
being  reclaimable  by  the  public  at  any 
future  time  by  repayment  of  the  costs  of 
transit.  It  is  also  stated,  for  the  like  pur- 
pose, the  crypt  recently  removed  at  Ge- 
rard's Hall  in  London  has  been  carefully 
taken  to  pieces,  and  each  stone  marked  ; 
and  it  has  even  been  suggested  that  Tem- 
ple Bar  should  be  removed  to  the  same 
site  I 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Picardy 
have  announced,  that,  by  a  decree  of  the 
Prince  President  of  the  Republic,  dated 
the  23rd  Feb.  1852,  they  have  been  autho- 
rised to  erect  a  statue  in  bronze  of  Peter 
the  Hermit ^  in  one  of  the  public  places  of 
Amiens.  Their  circular  states,  that,  al- 
though  that  great  event  of  the  middle 
ages,  the  '*  holy  war,"  has  obtained  a  place 
among  the  recorded  **  glories  " — what  an- 
nouncement in  the  French  language  is 
without  this  vain  word  } — the  apostle  of 
the  crusades  has  not  yet  a  monument  in 
his  native  city.  The  style  and  tone  of  this 
announcement  are  in  perfect  keeping  with 
the  spirit  which  has  ever  reigned  in  France. 
It  states,  however,  that  Peter  the  Hermit 
belongs  not  to  France  alone,  but  to  the 
whole  Christian  world,  and  that  all  the 
"friends  of  religion"  are  bound  to  sub- 
scribe something  towards  the  accomplish- 
ment of  this  object,  most  worthy  to  be 
recorded,  as  the  French  chroniclers  word 
it,  among  the  Oetta  Dei  per  Franco*  ! 

Mr.  Baily,  the  eminent  sculptor,  has 
just  completed  the  model  of  a  colossal  statue 
of  Mr,  Oeorge  Stepheneon^  the  father  of 
railway  locomotion,  and  which,  when 
executed  in  marble,  is  to  be  placed  on  the 
grand  staircase  at  the  Euston-square  Sta- 
tion. The  figure  is  ten  feet  high,  and  re- 
presents the  renowned  engineer  standing  : 
with  one  hand  he  holds  a  plan  of  a  railway- 
bridge,  while  the  other  touches  the  front 
of  his  coat,  in  natural  and  characteristic 
action.  We  are  glad  to  find  that  our  best 
sculptors  have  at  length  taken  courage  to 
grapple  with  the  difficulties  of  modern 
costume,  essential  as  they  are  to  charac- 
teristic portraiture  and  historical  truth. 

In  a  valuable  collection  of  manuscripts, 
imported  from  the  Continent,  which  was 
sold  by  Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson 


1853.] 


MuceUameams  Rtriews. 


i77 


on  the  23d  Dec.  wis  (lot  ^l>  an  unpob^ 
lished  philosophical  work  bj  Jean  Jacqim 
Roasseao,  written  by  him  on  the  marsins 
of  the  third  and  foarth  rolanies  of  his  own 
copy  of  the  nrst  edition  of  his  Gmile.  It 
is  said  that  Rousseau  cowiH>5etl  a  work 
similar  to  this  tlnrin^  hi*  residemv  in 
England,  and  thnt  he  afterwards  destrored 
it ;  42/.  Lot  7.  a  MS.  of  Artur  de  Bre- 
tayne  (saec.  xm)  was  sold  for  54/. 

The  collection  of  pointings,  bronxes, 
porcelain,  &c.  of  the  late  M.  Champion, 
the  philanthropist,  who  was  s^eneraUy 
known  by  the  name  of  h  Petit  Mmnte^m 
bleUf  has  just  been  sold  by  auction  at  the 
HMel  des  Joitneurs,  at  Brussels.  The 
paintings  did  not  bfing  high  prices,  al- 
though there  were  several  of  Touiers  and 
other  celebrated  artists.  The  cabinet  of 
curiosities  and  objects  of  art,  235  in  num- 
ber, and  m.iny  of  them  very  raro,  excited 
great  competition.  A  marble  bust  of  a 
female,  said  to  be  by  Houdon,  was  sold 
for  4,000f.  ;  another  marble  bust,  for 
l,010f.;  a  marble  group,  l,2l0f.;  and  two 
smaller  busts,  l,955f.  Two  busts,  in 
bronze,  of  Turennc  and  Condt',  were  sold 
for  710f.;  aG«?nie  in  bronze,  700f.;  a  bust 
of  Voltaire,  214f.;  and  two  bronze  sta- 
tuettes, l,065f.  Two  porcelain  vases 
brought  2,580f.;  a  third,  n25f.;  and  two 
of  the  time  of  Louis  XV.  1  ,G00f.  Several 
other  articles  were  sold  at  equally  good 
prices ;  a  pair  of  vases  in  red  porphyry 
brought  3,00 If.  Among  the  objects  of 
curiosity,  an  ebony  console  of  the  time  of 
Louis  XVL  was  sold  for  2,025f.;  and  a 


snuff-box  in  Egyptian  jasprr  was  toM  for 
l.t^SOf. 

On  several  occasions  w«  haw  notietd 
the  fabrioati\^ns  of  spurious  article  of 
antiquity,  and  |wirtitnilarly  of  matrices  of 
seals.  The  forgers  have  latterly  appliod 
their  ingenuity  to  jet,  a  material  which  ia 
easily  fashioned  into  shaiH^  and  engraved : 
and  in  a  recent  instance  it  was  attempt«d 
to  counterfeit  the  head  and  titles  of  the 
emperor  Sererus  I  These  jet  seals  aw  sup- 
po»d  to  be  made  in  Yorkshire.  Ther* 
are  still  in  the  curii^ity  .«hops  of  lamduii 
many  fictitious  brass  matriii^  of  metliwal 
seals.  They  may  generally  be  detet*tetl  by 
their  liandles,  thoui^h  they  are  now  better 
made  than  they  useti  to  be  ;  but  always  by 
the  imiHTfections  of  the  impression,  which 
of  t>)urse  cannot  be  more  |ierfei*t  than  tho 
wax  seals  from  which  they  have  been  cast 

ITie  decease  of  Mr.  Ant*r\>bus  the  Rector 
of  St.  Andrew  lTndersh.-»ft,  in  the  city  of 
London,  a  living  estimatetl  at  betweon 
1300/.  and  1400/.  a-ycar.  has  raised  a  de- 
mand for  some  better  provision  for  the 
adjoining  vicarage  of  St.  Helen,  which  onW 
enjoys  a  stipend  of  '-'0/.,  with  some  UA 
from  Queen  Anne's  l\ounty,  and  the  vo- 
luntary Easter  offerings.  The  nonulation 
of  each  parish  is  said  to  be  equal  ^between 
6*00  and  700  inhabitants  each).  We  take 
notice  of  the  circumstance  as  conneotod 
with  the  history  of  St.  Mary  Axe,  which 
was  related  in  our  last  Magaiine.  The 
parishes  of  St.  Helen  and  St.  Mary  Axe 
still  suffer  from  their  churches  havins  been 
appropriated  to  the  priory  of  St.  Helen, 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Saxon  Obsequies,  illustrated  by  Orna* 
meits  and  Weapons  discovered  by  the 
Nan.  R.  C.  Neville  in  a  Cemetery  near 
Little  Wilbraham,  Cambridgeshire,  With 
coloured  lithographic  plates,  ito, — In  no 
department  of  archaeology  has  a  greater  or 
more  satisfactory  advancement  been  made 
during  the  last  few  years  than  in  that 
which  comprises  our  early  Saxon  antiqui- 
ties. Wc  need  not  take  a  far  retrospec- 
tive glance  over  antiquarian  publications 
to  be  convinced  not  only  of  the  want  of 
appreciation  of  this  peculiar  and  interest- 
ing class  of  our  ancient  national  remains, 
but  also  of  its  non-existence  as  a  class. 
Saxon  antiquities  were  confounded  capri- 
ciously cither  with  British,  or  Roman,  or 
Norman ;  or,  if  here  and  there  they  were 
perceived  to  be  what  they  really  are,  they 
were  hardly  valued;  certainly  they  were 
not  estimated  for  the  remarkable  light 
they  throw  on  the  history  of  our  country 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


and  its  population  in  the  fifth  and  sabie- 
quent  centuries.  An  examination  of  tho 
Archieologia  will  serve  to  shew  the  period 
at  which  the  rectiAoation  commenced. 
Douglas  may  be  called  the  father  of 
Anglo  -  Saxon  archnology.  Apparentlv 
without  the  experience  of  early  researoh 
in  this  peculiar  field,  he  laid  open  a  largo 
number  of  graves  in  Kent,  be  noticed  tho 
position  of  their  contents,  he  classified  and 
arranged  them,  he  saw  not  only  what  they 
were  not,  but  what  they  were,  and  he  be- 
stowed an  unusually  copious  amount  of 
well-directed  learning  in  explaining  tho 
objects  he  had  rescued  from  obsourity. 
Douglas,  however,  restricted  his  NnUa  to 
the  county  of  Kent  Opportunity  was  not 
afforded  him  for  making  similar  researcbot 
in  other  parts  of  the  kingdom,  and  that 
he  wanted  those  means  of  comparifOD 
which  would  have  rendered  his  work  of 
more  comprehensive  ntility.  Of  late  yeari 
*  A 


178 


Miscellaneous  JRevietes. 


[Feb. 


the  few  who  have  devoted  their  time  more 
especially  to  this  branch  of  archeology 
have  goDe  further  afield ;  they  have  col- 
lected evidence  from  other  countries,  they 
have  explained  much  that  was  previously 
not  understood,  or  but  very  imperfectly. 
By  close  comparison,  that  test  of  sound 
antiquarianism,  it  has  been  noticed  that 
the  Saxon  sepulchral  remains  found  in 
different  parts  of  the  kingdom  differ  in 
many  respects  from  each  other.  There 
are  certain  leading  characteristics  com- 
mon to  all,  but  in  details  there  are  remark- 
able peculiarities,  which  seem  to  be  suffi- 
ciently marked  to  indicate  at  once  their 
origin.  This  fact  corroborates  the  histo- 
rical statements  which  inform  us  that 
Britain  was  populated  by  several  immigra^ 
tions  of  the  Saxon  tribes,  made  at  con- 
siderable intervals  of  time. 

It  is  only  by  an  accumulation  of  well 
authenticated  facts  that  conclusions  such 
as  tUis  can  be  deduced,  and  it  must  be 
admitted  that  the  scientific  antiquary  has 
many  difficulties  to  contend  against  in  col- 
lecting such  facts.  The  materials  he  has 
to  work  with  are  comparatively  few,  and 
they  are  not  unfrequently  presented  under 
questionable  circumstances,  or  associated 
with  remains  which  belong  to  other  periods 
and  peoples.  He  has  to  travel  far  to 
gather  information  which,  after  all,  may  be 
inadequate  to  his  purpose,  from  the  want 
of  an  authenticated  record  of  circum- 
stances not  heeded  by  the  mere  collector, 
but  indispensable  to  the  scientific  inquirer. 
Thus,  the  opinions  he  may  form  as  to 
the  Anglo-Saxon  remains  found  in  graves 
indicating  from  certain  peculiarities  the 
various  tribes  or  races  which  settled  in 
particular  parts  of  Britain,  can  only  be 
confirmed  by  multiplied  examples.  Such 
specimens  may  be  abundant  enough  in 
museums  and  in  private  collections ;  but 
it  is  well  known  to  all  who  have  sought  to 
use  them  for  the  true  purposes  of  archieo- 
logy,  that  the  chances  are  the  owners 
know  little  or  nothing  of  their  history, 
and  that  they  procured  them,  perhaps  at 
a  high  price,  as  things  ancient  and  rare, 
which  they  felt  a  certain  pleasure  in  pos- 
sessing; beyond  this  they  probably  did  not 
seek  to  inquire. 

The  Anglo  Saxon  cemeteries  have  usually 
been  discovered  by  accident,  and  generally 
in  sechided  districts  ;  and  thus  their  con- 
tents have  frequently  been  dispersed  or 
neglected  from  sheer  ignorance.  We  could 
also  cite  instances  where  barrows  have 
induced  the  curious  to  open  and  ransack 
them  ;  even  antiquaries  have  excavated 
them,  and  left  the  result  of  their  researches 
not  onlj  unpublished,  but  also  unrecorded. 
It  is  therefore  with  much  pleasure  we  hail 
the  production  of  Mr.  Neville's  catalogue 


of  the  objects  he  obtained  from  the  ceme- 
tery at  Little  Wilbraham.  From  time  to 
time,  it  appears,  discoveries  had  been  made 
at  the  spot,  and  there  is  no  saying  what 
may  in  consequence  have  been  lost.  It 
was  therefore  fortunate  that  the  chance 
of  making  a  full  exploration  of  the  site 
fell  into  such  good  hands,  and  we  cannot 
be  too  gratefiU  to  Mr.  Neville  for  pub- 
lishing the  collection  he  has  made  in  a 
manner  so  elaborate  as  to  fill  no  less  than 
forty  large  quarto  plates.  The  work  is 
modestly  called  a  Catalogue  RaUontU,  and 
this  must  be  borne  in  mind  by  those  who 
may  be  disposed  to  cavil  at  the  letter- 
press being  little  more  than  an  enumeration 
of  the  contents  of  each  grave,  and  their 
relative  position.  The  antiquary  will  value 
the  work  as  an  important  contribution  to 
our  materials  for  studying  the  Anglo-Saxon 
antiquities,  and  he  wUl  know  how  to 
extract  advantage  from  it,  contrasting  the 
superior  worth  of  abundant  illustrations 
with  few  words,  over  lengthy  dissertations 
on  objects  which  no  description  alone  can 
make  intelligible  without  cuts  or  diagrams. 
The  Little  Wilbraham  cemetery  afforded 
-to  Mr.  Neville's  excavations  188  skeletons, 
laid  in  various  directions,  without  regard 
to  uniformity.  With  some  of  them  were 
weapons  of  war,  amounting  altogether  to 
nineteen  bosses  of  shields,  thirty-five 
spears,  four  swords  and  knives,  the  last  of 
which  probably  only  for  domestic  uses, 
and  one  battle-axe.  The  ornaments  con- 
sist of  125  fibulae  (chiefly  of  the  kind 
called  cruciform),  buckles,  nearly  1200 
beads,  Roman  coins  worn  as  beads,  and 
some  curious  objects  which,  when  exhibited 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  were  sup- 
posed to  be  keys,  and  are  described  as  such 
in  their  Proceedings.  They  seem,  elsewhere, 
to  have  been  satisfactorily  determined  to  be 
ornaments  or  appendages  to  the  girdle.* 
There  were  numerous  other  objects,  such  as 
some  small  wooden  pails,  combs,  tweezers, 
&c.  But  among  the  most  interesting  may 
be  reckoned  the  urns,  remarkable  for  their 
characteristic  types  and  patterns.  They 
resemble  some  found  a  few  years  since 
near  Derby,  which  we  recollect  one  of  our 
antiquaries  pronounced  to  be  Saxon,  con- 
trary to  the  then  general  opinion.  The 
plates  of  these  urns  are  perhaps  the  least 
satisfactory,  as  the  deep  colouring  con- 
siderably obscures  the  ornamental  details, 
and  this  remark  may  in  some  respects  be 
applied  to  one  or  two  of  the  other  plates, 

.  *  See  ''Collectanea  Antiqua,'*  vol.  ii. 
plates  LV.  and  LVI.;  and  the  woodcut  in 
our  Magazine  for  Sept  last,  p.  238,  extract- 
ed from  "  The  Celt,  the  Roman,  and  the 
Saxon,"  p.  420.  In  Mr.  NeviUe's  plates 
they  are  engraved  upiide  down. 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


179 


and  the  groapinga  of  the  spears  and  knives 
are  more  artistic  thflu  archaeoloi^cally 
tueful.     Altogether,  however,  the   plates 

'  are  wril  executedt  and  somct  particubrly 

'  those  of  the  beadsi,  are  heautifiilly  coloured. 
We  suspect  that  the  cthnologiata  (for 
Instance  Dr.Thunmm  and  Mr.  Davis)  ivill 
regret  the  total  ah^ence  of  cratiiological  in- 
formation, e«pedftlly  when  an  opportunity 
lo  unusually  favourable  was  afforded  for 
obtaining   it.       But,    onder    all    circum- 

I  gtaocesi  we  must  be  i>blij;ed  to  Mr,  Neville 
for  pablishing  so  handsome  a  volume, 
which  the  antiquary  will  not  fait  to  find 

'  valuable  for  reference. 


Hadrian  (he  BuU4§r  qf  the  Roman 
Wati :  a  Paper  read  (U  the  Monthly  Meet- 
ing ft/  th>'  Society  of  Antiquarieitj  New- 
I  emtte-upon'Tynet  4  Auy.  \db"2,  in  reply 
to  **  The  Roman  Wail:  an  attempt  to 
!  Muhfttantiate  the  ctahntt  of  Sevenis  to  the 
)  Anthorthip  of  the  Raman  Walt,  By  Robert 
Belt.*'  By  the  Rev,  Juhn  Calling  wood 
I  Bruce,  M.A.t  F.S.A,  London  and  New- 
I  cattle.  Pp.  :M.  1852.— The  pamphlet 
I  published  by  Mr.  R.  Bell,  to  which  this 
r  Ji  a  reply,  has  not  reached  un  i  but  we 
■  gather  from  Mr.  Bruce's  tract  what  may 
f  l&e  considered  as  the  substance  of  his  ar^- 
)  mentis.  The  hrst,  and  on  which  he  ap. 
k  jpeara  to  lay  the  greatest  stress,  is  funnded 
I  on  the  wcll-knowu  iaMrription  on  the  ypper 
I  mrt  of  an  ancient  quarry  on  tbe  hanks  of 
[  the  river  Gelt,  which  mentions  a  vexillation 
J  Of  the  Second  leg^ion,  with  the  date  of  the 
jeonsnlRhip  of  Aper  and  Maximus.  a.d. 
'  ^07 ,  about  four  years  iirevioua  to  the  death 
of  Sevems,  and  shortly  before  hii  coming 
to  Britain.  From  tliis  inscription  he 
maintaina  that  the  buildiog  of  the  wall  was 
I  eontemporaneou«!,  and  adds  that  "the  Ha- 
jirianitet  etide^vonr  to  evade  this  powerful 
I  proof  thiit  tbe  wall  was  built  by  Sevems 
[bythesiippoaition  thbt  the  inscription  was 
I  made  when  the  wall  was  only  repaired  by 
iSeverus^  in  the  year  207'  But  it  ttiuit  be 
lobacrved  that  the  inscription  is  nearly  at 
I  the  top  of  a  rock,  and  the  quarry  has  been 
Ivrorked  to  an  enomsous  extent  down  to 
I  the  bed  of  the  Hver,  a  depth  of  at  le^st 
(Bfty  feel." 

Mr.  Bruce  meets  this  objection  to  hit 

lown  concIosionB  in  favour  of  Hadrian  by 

|j»bBerving  that,  "  because  a  vexilUtion  of 

he  Second  legion  carved  some  lines  npon 

be  f«ce  of  a  quarry  on  the  Gelt»  we  arc 

Ot  necessarily  to  iftfcr  that  they  were  en- 

iffed  in  ejteniive  operotionfl  there, — that 

IB  admittetl  on  all  liauds  that  the  Second 

Region  was  extensively  employed  upon  the 

JWftU,  im«l  so  was  the  Sixtli,  and  so  was  the 

[^Twentieth,     Tlie  inscriptions  on  the  Wall 

do,  indeed,  prove  that  the  Second 

I  was  engaged  in  the  erection  of  that 


structure,  and  in  three  Instances  the  name 
of  Hadrian  is  coupled  with  that  of  the 
Second  legion  on  those  inscriptions,  whilst 
the  inscription  at  the  Gelt  merely  esta- 
blishes the  fact  that  a  part  of  that  legion 
was  in  Cumberland  in  the  reign  of 
Severn^." 

Mr.  Bell  ridicules  Mr.  Brace's  notion 
that  most  of  the  inscriptions  recording  the 
Second  legion  (as  well  aj*  others)  may, 
from  their  peculiar  character,  be  supposed 
to  have  been  executed  prior  to  the  reign 
of  Severus.  In  this  he  will  hardly  be  snp- 
ported  by  any  one  who  lias  closely  studied 
the  general  shape  of  the  letters  and  their 
ligatures,  and  has  compared  the  earlier 
inscriptions  with  those  of  a  later  date. 
The  msttcr  also  is  essential  to  be  observed, 
and  the  form  varies  as  much  us  the  letters. 
Had  Mr.  Betl  attended  to  this  important 
key,  he  would  probably  liave  paused  before 
he  hud  cited  on  ]m  side  of  the  qneHtion 
tbe  supposititious  Inscription  in  Gordon*s 
Uinerjrium  Septeittrtonale,  srpt.  severo. 
laii*.  aviMvtivu  hvnc  conoidit. 

The  evidence  of  ancient  writers  in  refer- 
ence to  the  bnilding  of  the  Wall  is  rather 
obscure  and  conflicting  ;  but  we  are  in- 
clined, upon  a  careful  review  of  it,  to  strike 
a  balance  in  favour  of  Mr.  Bruce.  Neither 
Xiphilioe  nor  Hcrodian,  the  latter  of  whom 
gives  a  pretty  minute  account  of  the  cam- 
paign of  Severus  in  Britain,  make  any 
mention  of  Severus  as  bulkier  of  the  Wall, 
which  probably  they  would  have  done  had 
he  really  been  its  constructor.  Xiphiline 
speaks  of  the  MflGatoe  as  dwelling  near  the 
barrier  wall,  a  mode  of  expression  which 
implies  its  existence  at  the  time  of  the 
coming  of  Severus.  Spartian,  a  writer  of 
inferior  merit,  who  is  quoted  by  Mr.  Bell 
in  favour  of  tbe  claims  of  Severn!*,  say* 
that  this  emperor  fortified  Britain  with  a 
wall  drawn  across  the  island,  ending  on 
each  fride  at  the  sen,  which  was  the  chief 
glory  of  his  reign,  and  for  which  he  re* 
ceived  the  name  of  Britannicus.  But  the 
same  author,  in  a  passage  overlooked  by 
Mr.  Bell,  states  that  Hadrian  went  to  Bri- 
tain, where  he  corrt-cted  many  things,  and 
first  drew  a  wall  eighty  oDUee  long  to  sepa- 
rate the  Romans  from  the  barbarians* 
Anrelius  Victor  uses  precisely  the  same 
words  as  ^paftian  in  attributing  the  wall 
to  Severus.  Kutropius  is  on  the  same 
side,  but  he  makes  the  wall  one  hundred 
and  thirty -two  miles  in  length.  Cassio- 
doruB  and  Faulos  Dinconat  arc  l»te  writers, 
and  equally  unsatisfactory  on  this  point. 
PauluA  lived  five  hundred  years  after  So- 
verns,  and  borrowed  the  very  words  of 
Eutropins,  substituting  xxxv  for  cxxxii, 
M.P.  as  the  length  of  the  wall. 

Bat  whatever  credit  may  be  attached  to 
the  etidence  of  uicient  writers,  their  testi- 


180 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[Feb. 


mony  cannot  be  allowed  to  weigh  against 
the  remains  as  they  now  exist,  and  the  con- 
clusions deduced  from  a  careful  examina- 
tion of  them.  Hodgson,  the  illustrious 
historian  of  Northumberland,  gave  more 
time  and  attention  to  the  suhject  than  any 
one  since  the  days  of  Horsley,  and  he 
came  slowly,  and  in  spite  of  prejudices,  to 
the  belief  that  Hadrian  constructed  at  one 
and  the  same  time  the  stone  wall,  with  its 
ditch  on  the  north  and  the  earthen  vallum 
to  the  south.  In  any  other  point  of  view 
they  were  to  him  unsatisfactory  make- 
shifts, and  misapplied  and  incomplete  forti- 
fications. Considered  as  one  grand  work 
they  could  be  understood  and  admired  as 
a  consummate  effort  of  engineering  skill. 
The  circumstances  under  which  Hadrian 
visited  Britain,  and  the  inscriptions  disco- 
vered along  the  line  of  the  works,  support 
this  view.  On  the  contrary,  the  insurrec- 
tion of  the  Caledonians  cost  Severus 
50,000  men,  and  it  is  probable  he  was 
hardly  in  a  condition  to  have  projected 
and  completed  a  work  requiring  so  much 
time  and  labour.  But  he  evidently  did 
what  many  of  his  inscriptions  prove  ;  he 
repaired  the  fortifications,  and  probably 
strengthened  them  with  additional  castra. 
Mr.  Bruce  has  surveyed  and  re-surveyed 
the  Wall  from  end  to  end,  conjoining  with 
it  a  study  of  the  inscriptions,  andhe  arrives, 
in  consequence,  at  the  same  conclusion  as 
Hodgson.  Mr.  Bell  does  not,  it  appears 
to  us,  attempt  to  follow  him  in  so  extended 
a  view  of  the  question ;  and,  with  regard  to 
inscriptions,  confines  himself  to  those  of 
his  own  neighbourhood.  In  no  respect 
are  his  objections  to  Mr.  Bruce's  tlieory 
conclusive,  while  most  of  his  arguments 
are  forcibly  refuted  in  the  reply.  But 
truth  is  served  by  discussion,  and,  as  Mr. 
Bell  is  evidently  an  ardent  antiquary,  we 
trust  he  will  continue  and  extend  his  re- 
searches in  co-operation  with  Mr.  Bruce, 
who  candidly  acknowledges  services  ren- 
dered, and  who  evidently  does  not  allow 
difference  of  opinion  to  lessen  friendship. 

Colchester  Castle  built  by  a  Colony  of 
Romans  as  a  Temple  to  their  deified  Em- 
peror, Claudius  Caesar.  By  the  Rev.  H. 
Jenkins,  B.D.  Svo.  pp.  38.  1853.— It 
would  occupy  too  much  space  to  discuss 
the  ingenious  arguments  put  forth  by  Mr. 
Jenkins  in  favour  not  merely  of  the  Roman 
origin  of  the  well  known  castle  at  Colches- 
ter, but  in  support  of  a  notion  which  the 
author  has  been  induced  to  conceive  that 
the  castle  is  actually  the  temple  of  Claudius 
mentioned  by  Tacitus,  but  considerably 
altered  at  different  periods.  This  con- 
clusion, which  will  be  found,  we  suspect, 
altogether  original  and  singular,  the  author 
states  has  been  forced  upon  him  from  a 


careful  personal  survey,  and  from  dis- 
coveries made  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the  castle,  which  we  understand  will  be 
followed  up  by  further  researches  and  ex- 
cavations. It  is  therefore  worthy  of  respect 
and  of  fair  consideration,  especially  when 
it  is  obvious  that,  although  the  general 
form  of  the  structure  resembles  that  of 
the  Norman  castles,  there  are  some  pe- 
culiarities in  the  architectural  details  which 
induce  a  few  of  our  best  antiquaries  to 
consider  it  of  Saxon  origin,  and  historical 
evidence  is  rather  in  favour  of  this  opinion. 
Though  portions  of  the  building  are  con- 
structed more  jRomano,  the  general  features 
do  not  accord  with  those  of  any  well- 
authenticated  Roman  building  with  which 
we  are  acquainted.  Still  we  look  forward 
with  much  interest  to  the  resumption  of 
Mr.  Jenkins's  investigations,  being  well 
convinced  that  as  truth  is  the  grand  object 
of  his  inquiry  it  must  be  advanced  by  the 
practical  researches  he  proposes  to  make. 
— Since  writing  these  rewarks  we  perceive 
that  Mr.  Jenkins's  essay  has  received  a 
very  full  and  elaborate  reply  from  the 
hands  of  Mr.  Cutts,  of  Coggeshall,  which 
has  been  published  in  the  Essex  and  West 
Suffolk  Gazette.  Mr.  Cutts  arrives  at  the 
conclusion  that,  "  Allowing  for  the  pe- 
culiarities of  construction  made  necessary 
by  the  use  of  Roman  materials,  which 
peculiarities  are  not  without  parallel  in 
buildings  of  the  same  date  built  of  similar 
materials,  the  building  called  Colchester 
castle  corresponds  in  magnitude,  construc- 
tive features,  internal  arrangements,  in 
short,  in  every  particular,  with  the  usual 
plan  of  a  Norman  keep.'"' 

Isis :  an  Egyptian  Pilgrimage.  By 
James  Augustus  St.  John.  2  vols.  9vo. — 
These  volumes  commence  with  a  dream, 
and  terminate  with  a  mystery.  Between 
those  extremes,  however,  there  are  many 
evidences  of  power  of  observation  made  by 
a  vigilant  man,  and  many  pleasant  stories 
lucidly  and  rapidly  told.  How  much  of 
the  book  is  true,  and  how  much  merely 
"  ben  trovato,"  it  would  be  difficult  to  say. 
For  ourselves,  we  prefer  those  portions 
that  arc  true,  or  seemingly  true ;  the  im- 
possible is  less  well  told,  and  is  not  re- 
markable for  imagination.  When  we  say 
that  we  prefer  the  true,  or  seemingly  true, 
we  make  exception  of  one  incident,  so  well 
told  and  so  possible  that  we  know  not 
strictly  how  to  class  it.  We  allude  to  the 
pic-nic  amid  the  Tombs  of  the  Kings, 
when  the  revellers  were  not  only  of  rather 
too  exuberant  mirth,  but  found  additional 
excitement  in  the  performances  of  dancing 
girls,  and  for  cooking  their  banquet  found 
fuel  in  the  coffins  of  the  dead  monarchs 
in  whose  unconicioas  company  they  sang, 


18530 


Miscellaneous  Heviews* 


181 


danced^  and  were  noiijlly  glad.  We  would 
fain  trust  that  for  this  scene  Mr.  St,  John 
has  drawn  upon  bis  imagination,  and  that 
BO  barbarous  a  feast  vvas  not  in  truth  a 
aitj. 

The  work  ia  as  much  one  of  tales  a§  of 
avel — the  incidents,  supposed  or  real,  of 
avel  serring  only  as  a  string  whereon  to 
onDect   the    scattered    peai^l^    of    story, 
I^There  is,  too,  do  lack  of  pliiiosopUy,  after 
tta  sort.     Of  disqaUitions  upon  politics 
|Bnd  reUgion  there  are  many,  the  former 
IliaviDg  an    ultra'democratic   Bmack  with 
libem,  and    the   latter  an   ultra -liberulity 
'  eyoad  the  ut^ual  limits  even  of  the  reli- 
pouB   speculators   in   these   liberal  days. 
Te  might  have  a  word  or  two  to  say  on 
heae  matters,  wherein  we  discern  much 
miachief,    though    nothing   but   good    be 
meant ;  hut  Mr.  St.  John  fioraethhig  pe- 
remptorily iutimutds  in  one  uf  hla  chapters 
that  he  is  rather  impatient  of  contradic- 
tion—and no  doubt  were  we   to  question 
the  soundness  of  his  opinions  on  either 
religion,  politics,  or  social  dittinctions,  he 
ould  set  US  down  as  among  **  pestilent  " 
ritics. 

This  by  way  of  protest ;  hut,  apart  from 

what  that  protest  refers  to,  we  rejoice  in 

'  having  the  opportunity  of  saying  that  the 

author  has  written  not  only  two  exceed- 

'ogly  pleasant  volumes^  but  that  he  has 

Evidently  written  with  a  purpose  in  view. 

tvcry  one  of  his  stories  is  obviously  in- 

nded  to  carry  a  moral  with  it.     We  may 

omettmeti  dispute  the  application,  but  we 

'  are  constmined  to  do  Justice  to  the  merits 

of  the  narrator.     Ae  a  specimen  of  the 

work,  we  make  one  extract.      It.  rather 

suits  our  space  than  does  juattce  to  the 

author's  work,  but  it   is  gract^fuUy  and 

graph tcally  told  i   and  it  shows  that  Mr. 

St.  John  might,   if  he  thought  it  worth 

while,  compete  with  Mans  Andersen,  and 

give  ua  another   *'  Picture-hook   wiihoot 

Pictures/* 

*^  As  I  tat  neoit  morning  in  my  boat, 
describing  my  impregsiou^  of  the  previous 
day,  a  little  dancing  girl  from  Essonaa 
came  on  board,  with  two  or  three  young 
companions,  and  asked  permission  to  en* 
tertain  me  with  their  performances.  There 
is  really  something  in  race  which  exerts  a 
powerful  influence  over  our  miads.  ♦  .  » 
This  girl  iuimcdiatcly  excited  in  me  an  in* 
terest  which  none  of  the  rest  had  ever 
done.  I  could  not  at  all,  nt  first,  explain 
the  matter  to  myself,  but,  as  I  continued 
to  look  at  her,  the  conviction  flashed  upon 
me  that  n\\ft  must  be  an  European.  To  the 
Arabs  I  have  always  been  ptirliul,  uiore 
than  to  most  of  the  nations  of  Clirigten- 
dam ;  but  the  sight  of  an  European  girl,  not 
more  ctrrtainly  than  sixteen  years  of  age, 
amoiif  the  wild  Gbawazi  of  the  tropics, 


awakened  home  aascHsiationSi  and  irre^ 
sistibly  prejudiced  me  in  her  favour.  On 
inquiring  into  her  history,  I  fount!  she  was 
the  daughter  of  a  French  gentleman,  who, 
for  some  reason  which  I  could  nefcr  bear, 
had  settled  many  years  ago  at  Essonan* 
He  bad  long  been  gathered  to  his  fatberi, 
and  having  left  behind  him  no  property — 
friends  he  conld  not  be  expected  to  hate 
in  that  remote  place — had  bequeathed  his 
sweet  little  daughter  to  the  public.  The 
countenance  united  the  dignity  of  the  Arab 
with  the  vivacity  of  the  French  j  her  eyes 
were  large  and  black,  her  hair  was  of  the 
same  colour,  and  yet  her  complexion  waa 
that  of  a  Parisiau  wonmn  entitled  to  the 
epithet  fair*  She  had  a  small,  delicately 
formed  mouth,  and  the  prettiest  smile 
imaginable.  When  I  asked  her  who  tooV 
care  of  her,  she  replied,  in  a  tone  of  some 
melaochuly,  there  was  no  one  to  take  care 
of  her,  that  she  was  quite  alone,  without 
friends  or  relatives,  but  that  the  Arabs 
were  kind.  She  asked  me  if  I  would  carry 
her  with  me  into  Nubia,  in  my  boat,  and 
afterwards  to  Europe,  for  that  she  should 
like  to  see  France,  her  ftttber'a  country. 
I  inquired  if  ihe  could  spettk  the  language^ 
and  she  replied  *  No  T  WTietbcr  she  re- 
membered her  father's  name  ?  She  still 
answered  in  the  negative.  Yet  such  was 
her  simplicity,  she  still  thought  it  per- 
fectly practicable  to  find  nut  his  relatives, 
merely  by  saying  that  he  waa  the  person 
who  had  come  so  many  years  before  to 
Essouan.  1  excused  myself  as  well  as  I 
could  for  not  showing  her  the  hospitality 
she  desired,  and  assured  her,  moreover, 
what  was  very  true,  that  it  would  be  much 
better  for  her  to  remain  where  she  was, 
than  to  travel  to  Europe,  even  if  she  had 
the  power.  A  shade  passed  over  her  face 
at  this  remark,  but  it  was  soon  gone  ;  and, 
binding  the  broad  girdle  about  her  waist, 
she  astonished  me  by  the  energy  and  grace 
of  her  daociug>  She  afterwards  sang  two 
or  three  gongs  in  a  plaintive  and  almost 
wailing  music-,  and  having  with  her  com- 
panions been  treated  with  pipes  and  coffee, 
and  received  somewhat  more  than  the 
usual  present,  she  sprang  lightly  and  gaily 
ashore,  witthed  me  a  pleasant  voyage,  and 
disappeared  among  the  houses.  1  after- 
wards, however,  saw  her  several  times,  and 
10 variably  observed  that  the  Arab  girla 
among  whom  she  lived  treated  her  with 
peculiar  deference.  If  this  was  oiirnug  to 
the  circumstance  of  her  being  friendless  it 
urgued  in  them  a  peculiar  delicacy  of  sea- 
timent ;  aod  if  they  attributed  to  her  some 
auperiarity,  on  account  of  her  European 
origin ♦  we  cannot  help  admiring  their 
humility.  At  all  events  she  appeared 
happy,  poor  girl,  in  that  land  of  strangerf , 
though  it  was  in  some  sort  her  home,  the 


182 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Feb. 


only  home  she  knew  or  could  hope  for  in 
this  world,  and  I  trust  it  proved  as  plea- 
sant to  her  as  I  wished  it." 

It  will  he  allowed,  we  think,  that  the 
sketch  of  this  coiumba  inter  eorvos  is 
gracefully  executed.  In  this  sort  of  deli- 
neation, and  in  narrative  generally,  the 
author  evinces  powers  of  no  mean  order. 
In  his  reflections  he  is  seldom  so  attrac- 
tive ;  they  are  for  the  most  part  tinged,  to 
use  the  lightest  possible  expression,  by  in- 
veterate prejudice.  We  shall  be  glad  again 
to  meet  the  author  as  a  narrator — even  of 
revolutions  and  their  incidents,  which  he 
can  graphically  describe ;  but  we  confess 
that  we  look  with  little  eagerness,  but 
much  alarm,  for  the  appearance  of  his  half- 
promised  work  on  the  theory  of  revolutions. 

Bihliographia  Historica  Poriuffueza, 
ou  Catalogo  methodico  dos  Auctoret  Por- 
tuguezes,  &cc.  (Portuguese  Historical 
Bibliography,  or  a  methodical  Catalogue 
of  the  Portuguese  Authors,  8(c.)  Por 
Jorge  Cezar  de  Figanie^re.  Lisboa. — The 
author  of  this  work,  which  we  notice  on 
account  of  its  universal  usefulness,  as  well 
as  an  example  of  a  book  of  a  very  de- 
sirable character  in  reference  to  our  own 
country,  makes  known,  in  the  form  of  a 
methodical  catalogue,  all  works  published 
in  the  Portuguese  language  concerning  the 
civil,  political,  and  ecclesiastical  history  of 
Portugal  and  its  dependencies,  up  to  the 
year  1844.  The  value  of  such  a  book  is 
not  merely  of  a  local  nature.  It  possesses 
a  certain  claim  to  the  notice  of  the  literary 
world  at  large,  as  being  of  essential  service 
to  those  engaged  upon  matters  connected 
with  Portuguese  history,  or  who  take  an 
interest  in  literature  in  general. 

The  catalogue  is  divided  into  three  parts, 
each  subdivided  into  various  chapters,  or, 
as  they  are  termed,  titles.  The  first  part, 
after  noticing  the  works  treating  of  the 
general  history  of  the  kingdom,  mentions 
the  chronicles,  histories,  and  other  publi- 
cations relative  to  the  particular  reigns  of 
its  sovereigns  ;  the  second  part  gives  the 
works  written  upon  the  antiquities,  geogra- 
phy, and  topography  of  Portugal  and  its 
adjacent  islands,  those  concerning  America, 
Asia,  and  Africa,  tragical  events,  such  as 
earthquakes,  shipwrecks,  famines,  &c,  and 
the  biographies  of  illustrious  Portuguese  ; 
and  the  third  and  last  treats  of  all  the 
writings  upon  the  church,  clergy,  and 
military  orders  of  Portugal.  The  author  of 
each  work  is  first  alphabetically  indicated, 
with  his  station  in  life  and  birthplace; 
then  its  title  and  the  particulars  of  all  the 
editions  it  may  have  gone  through ;  and, 
in  those  cases  where  copies  have  become 
scarce,  one  or  more  places  are  mentioned 
where  they  may  be  met  with.    Anonymous 


works  are  separately  given  after  each  of 
the  chapters  under  which  their  subjects 
may  be  classed.  Besides  an  index  of 
chapters,  there  is  also  an  alphabetical  IndejR 
of  authors  at  the  end  of  the  volume. 

The  only  previous  work  of  this  kind 
already  extant  in  Portugal  is  Diogo  Bar- 
bosa  Machado's  Bibliotbeca  Lusitana;  a 
compilation  of  the  highest  merit,  but  which 
is  already  of  nearly  a  century^s  age,  the 
last  of  its  four  folio  volumes  having  been 
published  so  far  back  as  1759.  Mr. 
Figani^re  has  not  only  filled  up  this  void, 
but  also  pointed  out  and  corrected  several 
omissions  and  errors  inseparable  from  a 
work  so  extensive  as  that  of  Barbosa 
Machado's,  which  comprised  all  the  Por- 
tuguese authors  whatever  that  had  ap- 
peared before  his  time.  Mr.  Figani^re's 
catalogue  includes  all  books  that  had  ap- 
peared up  the  year  1844,  and  a  supplement 
is  shortly  to  be  issued  containing  an  ac- 
count of  those  published  since  that  period. 

The  object  aimed  at  in  the  Bihliogra- 
phia Historica  would,  however,  be  more 
thoroughly  attained  were  it  followed  by  a 
catalogue  similar  in  plan  relating  to  the 
authors  who  have  written  upon  Portu- 
guese history  in  the  Latin  and  Spanish 
idioms,  whose  writings  are  both  numerous 
and  highly  prized. 

We  hope  that  the  labours  of  Mr.  Fi- 
ganiere,  a  young  man  already  well  known 
and  appreciated  in  his  own  country  for  his 
literary  taste  and  antiquarian  researches, 
may  tend  to  diffuse  a  truer  light  than  at 
present  exists  as  regards  the  literary  worth 
of  the  land  of  Camoens  and  Vasco  da 
Gama. 


The  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knight- 
age of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  for 
1853.  By  Charles  R.  Dod,  Bsq.  12mo.— 
The  editor  of  this  most  useful  and  com- 
prehensive of  all  our  books  of  reference 
for  biographical  purposes  has  now  esta- 
blished a  character  so  universally  acknow- 
leged  for  unwearied  attention  to  every 
passing  change,  and  indefatigable  industry 
in  acquiring  fresh  items  of  information, 
that  we  should  have  a  difficulty  in  vary- 
ing our  annual  language  of  commendation, 
did  not  Mr.  Dod  also  usually  introduce 
some  new  feature  to  supply  us  with  a 
point  of  further  congratulation.  He  has 
this  year  not  only  carried  forward  the 
object  commenced  in  his  last  edition  of 
recording  the  birth-places  of  the  subjects 
of  his  book,  by  obtaining  more  than  500 
additional  birth-places ;  but  he  has  intro- 
duced into  the  First  Part  of  his  work 
cross-references  to  the  children  and  titled 
relatives  of  every  Peer,  who  are  enumerated 
and  described  in  Part  II.  By  this  im- 
provement Mr.  Dod*g  Peerage  is  made  as 


1853.] 


Miscellaneons  Reviews, 


183 


ready  a  means  of  referring  to  the  junior 
branches  of  every  noble  family  as  those 
books  which  are  compiled  after  the  old 
model  of  taking  every  family  by  itself  in 
connection  with  its  head.  The  new  articles 
in  this  yearly  volume,  occasioned  by  the 
accessions  of  new  personages  to  hereditary 
or  official  titles,  during  the  past  year,  are 
eighty-nine  in  number  :  whilst  a  new  par- 
liament and  a  multitude  of  other  changes 
have  occasioned  many  thousand  emenda- 
tions. 


The  Life  and  Correspondence  of  John 
Fotter,  Vol.  IL  Pott  8ro.  {Bohn's 
Standard  Library). — This  volume  com- 
pletes the  work  ;  the  first  was  noticed  in 
our  January,  number,  p.  65.  We  cannot, 
however,  help  remarking,  that  second 
volumes  are  sometimes  enemies  to  the 
first,  when  they  present  the  subject  in  a 
less  advantageous  light.  This  is  the  case 
with  Foster.  The  materials  of  which  the 
first  is  composed  are  richer,  as  they  in- 
clude his  copious  and  instructive  journal, 
for  a  sequel  to  which  we  look  in  vain.  The 
more  unfavourable  parts  of  his  character, 
such  as  his  virulent  hatred  of  the  Church 
of  England,  though  they  appear  in  the 
first,  are  offensively  prominent  in  the 
second.  Perhaps  a  modified  edition  in  one 
volume  (like  the  condensed  lives  of  Han- 
nah More  and  Wilberforce)  may  one  day 
be  found  desirable.  In  such  a  case,  it  wiU 
be  sufficient  to  intimate  Mr.  Foster's  ex- 
treme opinions  on  some  points,  without 
presenting  him  so  prominently  in  a  hostile 
attitude  as  has  now  been  done.  His  repu- 
tation will  not  suffer  in  consequence. 


James  Watt  and  the  Steam  Engine. 
(The  Monthly  Volume.)  Wimo.pp.  192. 
— There  is  a  great  deal  of  information, 
historical  and  mechanical,  condensed  in 
this  little  volume.  Modern  accounts  of 
this  engine  are  common  enough ;  but 
chap.  1,  entitled  *'  What  the  Ancients 
knew  about  Steam  and  the  Steam  Engine,*' 
will  be  read  with  peculiar  interest.  The 
contrivance  by  which  Anthemius,  the 
Byzantine  architect  of  St.  Sophia,  an- 
noyed his  neighbour  Zeno  (p.  17),  shows 
that  knowledge  enough  of  steam  existed 
at  that  period  for  mischievous  purposes. 


The  Ancient  British  Church.  By  W.  L. 
Alexander,  D.D.  (7%e  Monthly  Volume.) 
— This  is  an  inquiry  **  into  the  history  of 
Christianity  in  Britain  previous  to  the 
establishment  of  the  Heptarchy."  The 
third  chapter  is  devoted  to  the  question, 
**  Did  St.  Paul  bring  the  Gospel  to  Bri- 
tain  V*  which  the  author  resolves  in  the 
negative.  The  investigation  of  the  "  Story 
of  King  Lucios,"  another  alleged  intro- 


ducer of  Christianity  into  Britain,  in  chap. 
5,  is  avowedly  based  on  the  researches  of 
Mr.  Hallam,  in  the  Archaeologia,  vol.  33. 
The  author  justly  observes,  that  '*  the  ob- 
scurity which  hangs  over  the  origin  ofHhe 
ancient  British  Church  is  not  greatly  dis- 
sipated, as  we  advance  to  consider  its  sub- 
sequent fortunes."  (P.  ll(j.)  This  volume 
is  altogether  one  of  the  most  learned  of 
the  series.  But  why  should  Herodotus  be 
termed  "  the  garrulous  and  inquisitive  ?" 
(P.  23,  note.)  The  latter  epithet  is  an 
honourable  one,  from  which  the  former 
appears  intended  to  detract. 

Life  and  Times  of  John  de  Wycliffe. 
{The  Monthly  V6/ttme.)— The  author  ob- 
serves that  *'  the  life  of  Wycliffe  was  de- 
voted to  one  thing,  and  therefore  was  lack- 
ing in  that  variety  of  fact  and  incident 
wluch  gives  to  biography  its  chief  attrac- 
tion and  interest.  The  record,  however, 
is  valuable,  as  throwing  light  upon  his 
times,  and  as  revealing  the  necessity  of 
that  great  Reformation  for  which  he  so  in- 
tensely sighed  and  laboured/'  (P*  4.)  We 
do  not  perceive  that  be  notices  the  hypo- 
thesis, first  brought  forward  in  our  pages 
(Aug.  1841),  that  the  deprived  Warden  of 
Canterbury  was  not  the  Reformer.  That 
paper  elicited,  in  the  controversy  to  which 
it  gave  rise,  the  fact  of  there  being  several 
contemporaries  of  the  same  name.  Nor  is 
it  unimportant  in  Wycliffe^s  history,  as  it 
presents  his  motives  in  a  most  disinterested 
light.  At  p.  27,  Hentham  should  be  Hen- 
thorn.  The  volume,  however,  will  be  read 
with  interest,  and  the  reader  of  English 
history  will  do  well  to  include  it  in  his 
course. 


Religion  and  Education  in  relation  to 
the  People.  By  Alfred  Langford. — An 
able  and  intelligent  book,  plunging  its 
readers  into  the  heart  of  many  serioiu 
difficulties,  from  which  our  way  of  escape 
would  certainly  not  be  that  which  Mr. 
Langford  points  out.  We  really  cannot 
allow  that  the  first  of  considerations,  when 
we  are  endeavouring  to  raise  the  character 
of  the  people  by  education,  is  to  teach 
nothing  that  may  by  possibility  be  the  ob- 
ject of  dislike  or  disbelief  to  here  and  there 
a  parent.  We  are  sure  that  in  requiring 
from  an  houest>minded  Christian  school- 
master that  he  should  check  the  overflow- 
ings of  his  heart,  and  not  even  speak  of 
the  Great  Creator,  lest  an  Atheist  may 
thereby  be  led  to  keep  his  child  from 
school,  we  should  be  doing  what  would 
make  the  educator  and  the  education 
utterly  worthless.  They  who  are  so  very 
sensitive  respecting  the  cases  of  scepticid 
or  unbelieving  parents,  are  not  sensitive 
at  all  where  the  poor  religious  school- 


184 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Feb. 


master  is  concerned.  Mr.  Langford  is 
himself  anxious  that  the  religious  principle 
in  youDg  people  should  be  cultivated,  but 
he  would  concede  the  point  rather  than 
that  education  should  not  be  universal. 
There  must  be,  somewhere  or  other,  a 
stop  to  these  demands  Jbr  individual 
conscience,  and  against  general  religious 
teaching.  We  would  give  a  large  latitude 
to  honest  doubt  and  difficulty;  but,  where 
the  peace  and  happiness  of  vast  numbers 
are  concerned,  we  cannot  concede  the  grand 
outlines  of  Dispensation  made  by  Him 
who  best  knows  his  creatures,  for  their 
crowning  blessing. 

The  Laws  of  Life,  with  special  reference 
to  the  Physical  Education  of  Girls.  By 
Elizabeth  Blackwell,  3f.D. — This  sensible 
and  valuable  book,  of  small  size  but  con< 
sidcrable  importance,  comes  to  us  from 
New  York,  where  its  author,  we  under- 
stand, having  passed  through  all  the  stages 
of  an  European  medical  education,  and 
taken  out  her  diploma,  is  practising  as  a 
physician  to  women.  We  wish  that  its 
very  sensible  counsels  were  disentangled 
from  a  few  medical  details,  which  render 
it  unfit,  or  at  least  less  fit,  to  be  placed  in 
a  young  lady's  library.  Apart  from  these, 
which  remove  it  from  the  very  class  it 
seems  to  have  been  intended  for,  and  make 
over  to  the  mother  what  should  be  the 
daughter's  manual,  we  feel  the  volume  to 
be  really  one  which  we  should  thankfully 
recommend  to  schools  and  colleges.  No- 
thing can  be  more  wise  and  true  than  Mrs. 
Blackweirs  remarks  on  our  **  double  na- 
ture**— on  our  injustice  in  frequently  im- 
puting to  the  body  evils  which  really 
originate  in  our  mental  and  moral  neglects. 
The  body^  as  she  justly  says,  is  not  the 
cause  of  gluttony,  intemperance,  &c. ;  the 
evil  is,  that  the  moral  nature  which  should 
allow  every  bodily  power  no  more  than 
proper  sway,  is  not  permitted  by  us  to 
do  its  true  work.  If  such  a  book  as  this 
could  find  its  way  into  good  hands  it  might 
be  the  means  of  saving  much  waste  of  medi- 
cine, and  of  raising  many  a  puny  being  into 
vigorous  health. 


The  Revealed  Economy  of  Heaven  and 
Earth. — In  style  and  general  tone  this 
work  so  much  resembles  those  which  have 
been  welcomed  by  thoughtful  readers  as 
the  productions  of  Isaac  Taylor's  pen,  that 
we  cannot  help  suspecting  the  author  of 
"The  Physical  Theory  of  another  Life** 
and  the  author  of  "  The  Divine  Economy 
of  Heaven  and  Earth  *'  to  be  dwellers  in 
one  habitation,  and  recipients  of  the  same 
inspirations.  The  preface  to  the  "  Divine 
Economy,"  if  there  were  nothing  else  in 
the  volume  worth  reading,  would  well  re- 
9 


ward  attentive  perusal.  Of  the  rest  we 
can  only  here  say  (fully  allowing  the  almost 
injustice  of  our  brevity),  that  it  is  too  con- 
jectural for  our  taste  or  our  conscience  ; 
that  much  is  assumed  which  cannot  be 
proved,  either  from  Scripture  or  reason ; 
and  that  such  confident  readings  of  the  all 
unknown  and  awful  future  seem  to  us 
neither  salutary  nor  always  safe. 

Ruth,  A  Novel.  By  the  Author  of 
Mary  Barton.  3  vols. — We  were  not  pre- 
pared by  anything  in  Mary  Barton,  success- 
ful and  popular  as  that  fiction  deservedly 
was,  for  so  original  a  work  as  this.  Speak- 
ing of  it  simply  as  a  novel,  it  is  very  re- 
markable. The  style,  scenes,  characters, 
the  deep  pathos  and  the  genial  wit :  the 
construction  of  the  whole  narrative,  un- 
flagging in  its  interest  to  the  last,  combine 
to  render  it  one  of  the  nearest  approxima- 
tions to  perfection  of  constructive  skill  we 
ever  met  with.  But  other  considerations 
belong  to  it.  The  work  of  a  woman, 
written  on  a  subject  materially  aflfecting 
woman's  character  and  position,  it  wiU 
have  to  submit  to  a  severe  ordeal ;  and,  as 
there  is  no  trace  throughout  of  that  brag- 
gart and  daring  spirit  which  has  too  often 
been  put  forth  in  the  discussion  of  woman's 
rights  and  wrongs,  we  hope  the  judgment 
formed  respecting  it  will  be  ever  respect- 
ful, and  delivered  only  after  the  exercise 
of  conscientious  thought.  To  us  *'  Ruth" 
appears  to  be  the  fruit  of  very  profound 
consideration  of  a  painful  subject  in  all  its 
bearings,  thrown  out  in  story,  as  the  form 
most  natural  to  the  writer ;  whose  ideas 
cannot  remain  abstractions,  but  must  find 
a  body  and  an  atmosphere  of  circumstance 
for  themselves.  In  conducting  the  persons 
of  her  narrative  through  their  several  parts, 
we  think  her  eminently  guarded  on  the 
side  of  truth  and  virtue.  Perverted,  in- 
deed, mttst  that  mind  be  which  could  find 
in  Ruth  anything  favouring  evil  in  woman, 
any  more  than  in  man.  We  are  bound  to 
say  yet  more  than  this.  It  seems  to  us 
that  there  is  consummate  skill  in  the  man- 
ner in  which  our  sympathies,  generally  in 
accordance  with  the  kindly  Minister,  and 
out  of  harmony  with  the  harsh  and  vulgar- 
minded  hearer,  are  led,  in  due  honour  for 
plain  truth  and  rectitude,  to  enlist  them- 
selves in  no  small  degree  with  the  latter, 
spite  of  his  odious  violence.  The  balance 
is  preserved  with  an  equity  truly  remark- 
able. The  guilt  of  falsehood  is  never  pal- 
liated, though  the  hurry  and  the  urgency 
of  the  case  are  fairly  stated  ;  and  surely, 
it  is  among  the  serious  ill  consequences 
resulting  to  morals  from  merciless  severity 
towards  a  single  and  early  offence,  that  dis- 
simulation in  every  form  is  sure  to  follow, 
not  as  the  fruit  of  a  wholesome  shame, 


1853.] 


MUceliuneoui  Reviews, 


185 


but  as  preHeotiDg  the  xady  path  which 
runs  parallel  to  tbat  of  the  Ttrtuons  m 
actual  life.  Our  space  allows  of  no  more 
extended  remarkj  but  we  must  paint  to 
the  range  of  the  author  as  evidence  of 
her  high  talent.  Topsy ^  in  Uocle  Tom's 
Cabin  r  L&  not  cktrerer  nnd  more  witty  than 
Sally,  in  "  Rutb/' 


Lift  and  Leiiert  of  George  Barihaid 
Niebuhr.  Edited  and  Translated  by  Su- 
sauiia  Wink  worth.  Val.  HI,  {Sttpple- 
menlarjf). — A  third  and  supplementary 
volume  of  the  Life  and  Lettera  of  Niehubr 
will  meet  with  a  welcome  from  oil  who 
have  read  the  former  two.  Its  contents 
win  not,  however,  be  found  of  such  gene- 
ral interest  as  the  preceding^*  although  a 
series  of  letteri  from  Hollaod,  written 
jdoriDg  the  eventful  years  of  180H  and 
|BOfl,  will  well  reward  perusal.  As  de- 
criptiona  they  are  lively,  as  criticisms  on 
national  cbaracter  sensible  j  though  too 
much  tinctured  by  the  writer*a  faatidious- 
ness  about  auy  Iiabiti!^  di^simiJar  to  his  own. 
Besides  these  lettenj,  and  indeed  occupyiog 
a  Vf  ry  prumineDt  place,  we  have  no  ex- 
planatory epistle  froui  Niebuhr'a  attached 
and  competent  friend  tho  Chevalier  Bun- 
seo,  who  auxlously  de&ires  to  have  the 
l^at  Doue  more  worthily  Judged  a&  to 
leveral  political  pomts,  but  doesi  we  think, 
little  more  thin  tell  na  tbtt  we  muit  wait 
for  documents  not  yet  prescntahlo.  So, 
with  regard  lo  the  fragments  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  volume,  they  d{>  not  purely 
add  much  to  our  previous  means  of  esti- 
inating  him.  In  the  reviewr  of  hid  Life 
and  Letters  in  this  Magazine,*  very  little 
wa.«  said  of  his  modern  pobtical  creed. 
We  felt  theUf  as  hou\  that  it  ia  the  great 
misfortune  of  those  countriea  in  which 
the  principal  part  of  Niebuhr'a  Life  was 
paased,  that  after  an  education  of  consi- 
derable scope  has  been  aftbrded  to  the 
youDg,  after  all  the  pains  possible  has 
been  taken  to  make  the  people  capable  of 
doing  aomethiag,  nothing  is  ^ren  them 
to  do.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  Nic- 
buhr  felt  and  lamented  this  —  that  he 
wished  for  that  apeciea  of  political  lelf- 
govemment  which  should  educate  the  citi- 
zeoi  and  yeomanry  of  Germany,  and  make 
them  fit  to  choose  their  own  representa- 
ttres.  But  he  was  himself  susceptible,  to 
a  degree  which  detracts  from  ht^  dignity 
as  a  politiciao*  of  the  outward  influences 
whose  effects  he  could  yet  at  a  distance 
deplore.  He  could  not  help  being  one  of 
the  aristocracy  of  learning,  aitd  he  did  not 
WTGitle  with  its  fastidiousness  ;  he  saw  that 
thoae  who  rose  a^iust  the  govern  men  t^^- — 
the  eager  youth  of  the  uiuTersities, — were 


^  Gentleman's  Magazine,  March  185$. 
GsNT.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


not  going  to  work  tn  the  manner  he  be^ 
lieved  likely  to  issue  in  substantial  good, 
and  he  allowed  his  sympathies  to  be  con- 
queredj  and  indulged  in  irritable  and  un- 
just remariifl  upon  them.  Still  we  pro* 
test,  in  the  oatne  of  fact  and  justice, 
against  aa  SAaertton  recently  made  by  one 
of  hig  severest  reviewers,  thot  "  he  died 
in  a  state  of  horror  at  the  popular  rising 
against  the  Ordinances  of  Charles  X."  f 

There  can  be  no  occaeion  to  do  more 
than  quote  Dr.  Arnold's  report  of  his 
conversation  in  August,  1830,  to  prove 
how  great  an  exaggeration  this  is :  "  He 
(Niehubr)  said  he  was  now  much  more 
inclined  to  change  old  institutions  than 
he  had  been  formerly  j  but  'possibly,^ 
said  he,  *  I  may  see  reai*on  in  two  or  three 
years  to  go  back  more  to  my  old  views.' 
Yet  he  anticipated  no  evil  consequences 
to  the  peoce  of  Europe  even  from  a  Re- 
public in  France,  for  he  thought  that  all 
claaaes  of  people  had  derived  benefit  from 

experience He  often  protested 

tbat  he  was  no  revolutionist ;  but  he  said, 
thottgh  he  would  have  given  a  portion  of 
his  fortune  that  Charles  the  Tenth  should 
have  governed  constitutionally,  and  so  re- 
mained on  the  throne,  '  yet/  he  added, 
*  after  what  took  place,  /  wouid  m^seff 
Aa  if  e  joined  the  people  in  Paris  ^  that  is.  to 
say,  I  would  have  gifen  them  my  advice 
and  direction,  for  I  do  not  know  that  J 
should  have  done  much  good  with  a  mus- 
ket,' .  .  .  .  While  we  were  at  tea  there 
came  in  a  young  man  with  the  intelligence 
that  the  Duke  of  Orleans  bad  been  pro. 
claimed  ICiag,  and  Nii^buhr's  joy  at  the 
intelligence  was  rjuite  enthusiastic.'' — 
Appendix  to  Memoir,  voL  ii*  p.  389» 
4tb  edition.  Journal,  dated  August,  1330. 

Whatever  treasures  couneeted  with  Nie- 
hubr may  remain  as  yet  hidden  from  us 
by  the  necessities  of  diplomatic  prudence, 
we  can  scarcely  beUeve  that  they  will  ma- 
teriaUy  affect  our  own  estimate  of  bim. 
It  will  and  must  remain  a  fact  that  bis 
initid  was  very  changeable,  hisopiuiona 
afected  by  the  gloom  of  his  spirits  ;  that 
his  whole  character  was  one  which  suffered 
more  than  it  gained  by  being  placed  in 
office,  not  because  it  ever  lost  the  stamp 
of  a  conscientious  desire  after  right,  but 
because  of  its  sensitiveness  ;  because  also 
the  vastues^  of  his  premises  made  it  diffi- 
cult for  Niebuhr  to  draw  concluiiions. 

We  are  told  by  the  Duke  de  Ragiise,  in 
his  iuberesting  Memorials,  that  Buona- 
parte complained  bitterly  of  those  among 
his  allies  who  were  men  of  conscieoce 
ratlier  than  men  of  honour,  **  W^ith  the 
man  of  honour,^'  said  he,  **  with  him  who 

t  WeitaaiQBter  Review.  New  Serieii 
No,  HL 

2B 


186 


Antiquarian  JResearches^ 


[Feb. 


purely  and  simply  adheres  to  the  letter  of 
his  promises,  one  knows  what  to  reckon 
on  ;  whilst,  with  regard  to  the  other,  the 
man  of  conscience,  who  will  only  do  what 
he  thinks  best,  we  have  nothing  to  rely 
on  but  his  judgment  and  inteUigence." 
Now,  though  adherence  to  his  promises 
was  at  all  times  one  of  Niebuhr^s  marked 
personal  characteristics,  we  cannot  think 
he  laid  sufficient  stress  on  thie  like  virtue 
in  others. 

He  was  so  much  delighted  to  see  sove- 
reigns and  ministers  busied,  apparently, 
in  thinking  out  what  would  be  best  for 
the  people,  that  he  seems  to  have  over- 
looked, or  far  too  lightly  touched  on, 
actual  breaches  of  faith. 

In  conclusion,  we  will  only  say,  that 
additional  reading  and  new  materials  for 
forming  a  judgment,  if  they  somewhat  de- 
tract from  our  'admiration  of  Niebuhr  as 
a  statesman,  leave  our  love  and  respect  for 
his  personal  virtues  and  his  high  abilities 
quite  unimpaired. 

Light  and  Shade,  By  A.  H.  Drury.  — 
A  tale  of  considerable  interest,  cleverly 
written,  and  with  some  well-drawn  cha- 
racters ;  it  is,  however,  unequal,  and  wants 
more  of  incident,  and  what  there  is  is  im- 
perfectly managed.  The  thoughtless  Lady 
Angel  is  too  foolish  and  too  heartless  to 
excite  pity.  One  of  the  best  drawn  among 
the  characters  is  that  of  a  young  French 
artist,  who  plunges  himself  and  his  friend 
into  the  most  ridiculous  dilemmas,  all  the 
time  firmly  believing  that  he  is  in  a  way 
to  make  both  their  fortunes.  Miss  Drury 
is  very  skilful  in  the  comic  portions  of  her 
works.  Her  "  Friends  and  Fortune,'' 
though  far  from  faultless,  is  one  of  the 
most  spirited  modem  tales  we  know. 

The  Experience  of  Life,  jBy  Miss  Sewell. 
— Here  we  have  some  beautiful  domestic 
pictures,  and  some  charming  characters. 
Had  Miss  Sewell  never  written  anything  else 
worthy  of  record,  the  *'Aunt  Sarah  "  of 
this  tale  would  make  her  memorable, — it  is 
altogether  one  of  the  most  picturesque  of 


characters.  The  dryness  of  manner,  yet 
the  real  tenderness  of  heart — the  benevo- 
lence, the  shrewdness,  and  yet  the  aim- 
plicity,  are  very  charming.  We  may  differ 
widely  from  the  old  lady's  notions  about 
the  best  mode  of  dealing  with  the  ig- 
norance and  misery  that  surround  us ;  but 
we  feel  that  such  a  person  would  inform 
with  life  any  plan,  however  meagre  and 
restricted. 


Jeeuii  Executorship.  An  Autobiogra' 
phy^  8fc.  T\vo  vole,  Svo, — We  think  this 
book  better  written  than  named.  The 
public  are  tolerably  weary  of  polemical 
and  controversial  works,  and  of  those  re- 
lating to  Jesuitry  especially.  It  is  fitting, 
however,  that  the  subject  should  be  kept 
before  all  readers  and  thinkers,  but  it 
were  more  judicious  to  lead  them  skil- 
fully into  details  of  Jesuit  doings  than 
repel  them  at  the  outset  by  a  title  which 
does  not  seem  to  promise  much  novelty  to 
follow.  Saving  this  exception  to  the  title 
these  volumes  will  be  found  worth  read- 
ing. They  are,  indeed,  very  unequally 
written,  so  much  so  that  we  could  well 
believe  that  two  very  different  minds  have 
been  concerned  in  their  putting  together. 
In  some  pages  the  language  is  graceful, 
dignified,  and  impressive ;  in  others  just 
the  reverse.  The  exciting  interest  of  the 
story,  however,  is  not  allowed  to  flag,  and 
they  who  are  fond  of  indulging  in  strong 
and  terrible  emotion  will  find  as  much  of 
that  as  is  good  even  for  larger  appetites  in 
Jesuit  Elxecutorship. 


Preeiosa :  a  Tale, — A  book  respecting 
which  we  find  it  impossible  to  say  more 
than  that  it  displays  both  thought  and 
feeling,  and  extensive  command  of  poetical 
imagery ;  but  that  the  resources  of  its 
author,  which  are  undoubtedly  rich,  are 
expended  on  a  feeble,  uninteresting  narra- 
tive— on  a  hero  whose  manliness  is  laid 
prostrate  by  a  hopeless  attachment,  and  a 
heroine  who  is  at  once  virtuous*,  cold,  and 
unattractive. 


ANTiaUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

Jan,  13.  John  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P. 
Among  various  presents  of  books  was  a 
folio  copy  of  the  "  Historiae  Romanic 
Scriptores,"  fol.  Paris,  1620,  the  donation 
of  Mr.  William  Hardy,  a  fellow  of  the 
Society,  with  the  autograph  of  Ben  Jon- 
ton,  in  an  extremely  bold,  plain  hand, 
S^  Ben.  Jonsonijf  on  the  title-page.  Mr. 
Henry  Porter  Smith  and  the  Rtv.  Junes 


Henthorn  Todd,  D.D.  of  Trinity  college, 
DubUn,  were  elected  Fellows. 

Benjamin  Williams,  esq.  exhibited  a  very 
curious  series  of  impressions,  taken  from 
the  candelabrum  presented  to  the  Cathe- 
dral of  Aix-la-Chapelle  by  the  Emperor 
Barbarossa  in  1166.  They  represent  the 
Birth,  Passion,  &c.  of  Christ,  and  the 
Beatitudes. 

James  S.  Knowlet,  jiui«  eeq.  preienCed 


1833.] 


AnHqu<nrian  Researches. 


la? 


to  the  Society's  museum  a  oast  of  a  sculp- 
tured stone  discovered  last  year  doriog 
some  excaTations  in  Saint  Paul's  Church- 
yard, at  the  depth  of  twenty  feet.  Its  di- 
mensions  are  2  ft.  lOf  inc.  by  1  ft.  \^\  inc. 
On  its  face  is  carved  in  low  relief  a  homed 
animal  involved  in  interlacing  wreaths  of 
the  usual  Scandinavian  patterns,  and  on  one 
edge  is  a  Runic  inscription  in  two  lines. 
W.  D.  SauU,  esq.  F.S.A.  has  communi- 
cated  from  some  friends  in  Lancashire  a 
translation  of  part  of  this  :  "  Kina  caused 
to  be  laid  this  stone  and  Toke  .  .  .  .*' 
The  stone  is  supposed  to  have  marked  a 
grave,  and  a  human  skeleton  was  found, 
in  a  long  rude  hollow,  near  it. 

The  conclusion  of  Mr.  Parker's  memoir 
ou  the  Churches  of  France,  accompanied 
by  a  very  beautiful  series  of  original  draw- 
ings, was  read. 

The  resident  Secretary  tlien  communi- 
cated  an  account  of  some  Roman  potteries 
discovered  by  the  Rev.  J.  Pemberton  Bartle tt 
in  the  western  district  of  the  New  Forest. 
The  site  of  the  kilns  was  marked  by  mounds 
resembling  depressed  tumuli,  and  on  dig- 
ging iDto  them  an  immense  number  of 
fragments,  and  many  vessels  in  a  perfect 
or  almost  perfect  state,  were  discovered. 
No  traces,  however,  of  masonry  were  met 
with,  aud  no  tools  or  implements,  but 
three  or  four  coins  were  turned  up  in  a 
very  corroded  state.  Two  of  the  coins  found 
were  of  Hadrian  and  one  of  Victorinus. 
The  former,  scarcely  legible  from  oxidiza- 
tion, had  evidently  been  long  in  circulation, 
and  afforded  no  precise  information  as  to 
the  age  of  these  potteries.  The  coin  of 
Victorinus  is  of  the  third  century,  but, 
as  that  also  bore  marks  of  wear,  the  in- 
ference was  that  it  had  been  lost  at  a  still 
later  period,  a<ld  that  the  kilns  were,  per- 
haps, in  operation  down  to  the  period 
of  the  abandonment  of  Britain  by  the 
Romans.  The  spot  in  which  these  pot- 
teries was  situated  was  about  midway  be- 
tween the  town  of  Fordingbridge  and  the 
place  where  tradition  tells  us  Rufus  was 
slain  by  Sir  Walter  Tyrrel.  The  account 
which  the  chroniclers  give  of  the  depopu- 
lation of  this  district  by  the  Conqueror 
was  probably  exaggerated,  perhaps  from 
the  practice  of  translating  the  word  tun  by 
town.  Many  Saxon  churls  doubtless  dwelt 
in  this  district,  whose  tuns  or  homesteads, 
guarded  by  large  and  fierce  dogs,  would 
be  prejudicial  to  the  deer  it  was  the 
tyrant's  object  to  preserve,  and  the  removal 
of  such  dwellings  would  be  the  consequence. 
The  specimens  of  pottery  had  been  evi- 
dently rejected  on  account  of  their  being 
over-baked,  or  cracked  by  the  action  of  a 
strong  fire,  and  some  of  them  had  thereby 
acquired  a  vitrified  surface  not  hitherto 
obtervttd  on  Roman  fictile  wire. 


Jan,  20.  Lord  Viscount  M%1iod»  Pras. 

Charles  Scott  Murray,  esq.  of  Duiet- 
field  Park,  Buckinghamshire,  and  Thomas 
Tobin,  esq.  of  Ballincollig,  were  elected 
Fellows  of  the  Society. 

John  Adey  Repton,  esq.  F.S.A.  pre- 
sented a  sketch  representing  an  elegant 
Piscina,  discovered  a  few  years  ago  in 
Springfield  church,  near  Chelmsford.  He 
attributes  it  to  the  time  of  Edward  I. 
which  is  the  date  of  the  beautiful  windows 
in  the  chancel  of  the  church  ;  and  Mr. 
Repton  remarked  that  the  age  of  piscinse 
may  usually  be  determined  by  the  tracery 
of  adjoining  windows.  The  occurrence  of 
some  of  the  old  bricks  with  which  the 
tower  was  repaired  in  1596,  shewed  that 
the  piscina  at  Springfield  had  been  built 
up  from  the  time  of  Elizabeth. 

Edward  Phillips,  esq.  of  Whitmore 
Purk,  Coventry,  communicated  an  account 
of  the  discovery  at  Newnbam  Regis,  in 
Warwickshire,  of  a  leaden  coffin,  contain- 
ing  the  embalmed  body  of  a  man  who  was 
found  to  have  been  beheaded.  The  head 
was  separately  wrapped  up  in  linen,  and 
the  shirt  which  covered  the  body  was 
drawn  over  the  wounded  neck.  The  hands 
were  crossed  upon  the  breast,  and  the 
countenance  had  a  peaked  beard.  The 
only  indication  of  the  party  was  the  mark 
on  the  linen  shirt  of  the  letters  T.  B., 
worked  in  black  silk.  Mr.  Phillips  sug- 
gested from  the  peaked  beard  that  the 
corpse  must  have  been  that  of  a  cavalier 
of  the  time  of  Charles  the  First,  and  pro- 
bably of  Major-General  Brown,  Sheriff  of 
London,  who  is  mentioned  by  Clarendon 
as  having  fought  in  the  royal  cause.  Four 
other  coffins  found  at  the  same  time  were 
inscribed  with  the  names  of  Francis  Earl 
of  Chichester,  1653 ;  Audrey  Countess  of 
Chichester,  1652 ;  Lady  Audrey  Leigh, 
their  daughter,  1640;  and  John  Anderson, 
the  son  of  Lady  Chichester,  by  her  first 
husband.  Another  leaden  coffin,  fonnd 
near  the  altar,  bore  an  mscription  for 
Dame  Marie  Browne,  daughter  of  one  of 
the  Leighs,  by  Lady  Maria,  daughter  of 
Lord  Chancellor  Ellesmere. 

Richard  Brooke,esq.of  Liverpool,  F.S.A. 
communicated  some  observations  on  the 
field  of  the  battle  of  Wakefield,  made  on 
a  visit  to  that  spot  on  the  3 1st  July,  1853. 
No  traditions  among  the  country  people, 
now  fix  the  precise  scene  of  the  contest ; 
but  from  the  discovery  of  broken  swordi 
and  other  relics,  together  with  bnman 
bones,  on  digging  the  foundations  of  tbo 
mansion  called  Portobello,  it  is  evident 
that  it  was  on  a  flat  plain,  now  meadow- 
ground,  extending  firom  Sandal  oastle  to 
the  river  Calder. 

Some  remmrka  "  On  the  Angon  or 
barbed  javelin  of  the  Pranks,  dMoribtd 


188 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Feb, 


by  Agatbias/'  were  communicated  by  Wm. 
Michael  Wylie,  esq.  who  has  detected,  in 
the  Mus^e  d'Artillerie  at  Paris,  a  unique 
specimen  which  was  found  at  Mount  St. 
Jean,  near  Marsal,  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Metz.  It  is  not  ascertained  whether 
the  Angon  was  originally  a  Prankish 
weapon,  or  borrowed  by  them  from  the 
Celts  on  their  arrival  in  Gaul.  A  similar 
weapon  is  ascribed  to  the  Lusitanians  by 
Diodorus  Siculus.  Towards  the  close  of 
his  memoir  Mr.  Wylie  made  some  ob- 
servations on  the  origin  of  the  Fleur-de- 
lis  of  the  French  monarchs,  which  many 
writers  have  derived  fr9m  the  Angon. 
This  idea  was  combated  by  Montfaucon, 
who  suggested  that  it  was  imitated  from 
the  ornamentation  of  the  crowns  of  the 
Byzantine  empresses :  and  Mr.  Wylie, 
inclining  to  that  view,  considers  that  it 
may  have  borne  some  mystic  meaning  de- 
rived from  a  remote  and  oriental  source  ; 
in  support  of  which  suggestion  he  pointed 
out  the  same  emblem  in  several  objects 
recently  found  at  Nineveh,  Babylon,  and 
Arban. 


ARCHJKOLOOICAL  INSTITUTE. 

Jan,  7.  James  Yates,  esq.  F.R.S.  in 
the  chair. 

The  Rev.  W.  Gunner  read  a  short  me- 
moir, the  result  of  his  recent  researches 
amongst  the  archives  of  the  Bishops  of  Win- 
chester, and  those  of  the  College,  which 
had  supplied  some  curious  information  in 
relation  to  the  discharge  of  episcopal 
functions  in  the  fourteenth  and  ^fteenth 
centuries.  Many  Irish  prelates  at  that 
period  seem  to  have  been  scarcely  more 
than  titular  bishops,  bearing  the  titles  of 
sees  in  the  sister  kingdom,  whilst  their 
duties  were  chiefly,  if  not  exclusively,  con- 
fined in  rendering  assistance  to  English 
bishops  in  the  discharge  of  their  functions. 
A  bishop  of  Achonry,  as  it  appeared,  was, 
for  example,  frequently  deputed  by  Wil- 
liam of  Wykeham  to  consecrate  churches 
or  perform  other  episcopal  duties  in  his 
diocese  ;  and  several  remarkable  instances 
were  cited  by  Mr.  Gunner,  showing  how 
frequently  Irish  prelates  were  engaged  as 
suffragans  to  the  bishops  of  Winchester, 
as  also  in  other  dioceses  in  England.  The 
subject  appeared  to  claim  consideration  as 
connected  with  ecclesiastical  history,  and 
the  position  of  church  affairs  in  the  two 
countries  respectively,  prior  to  the  Re- 
formation, independently  of  its  interest  in 
regard  to  the  functions  of  suffragans  at 
that  period,  which  have  not  been  distinctly 
ascertained.  Mr.  Gunner  stated  that  Mr. 
T.  Duffns  Hardj,  Keeper  of  Records  in 
the  Tower,  had  in  preparation  a  carefully 
revised  edition  of  the  Episcopal  Faiti, 


which  would  supply  a  useful  auxiliary  in 
historical  inquiries. 

Mr.  Burtt,  of  the  Chapter  House,  read 
a  memoir  relating  to  some  new  facts  illus- 
trative of  the  life  and  times  of  Eleanor  of 
Castille,  Queen  of  Edward  I.  from  original 
documents  preserved  at  Westminster.  They 
consist  of  the  Rolls  of  the  Auditors  of 
Complaints,  concerning  various  matters 
connected  with  the  estates  which  had  ap- 
pertained to  the  deceased  Queen,  procla- 
mation having  been  made,  as  it  would 
appear,  speedUy  after  her  demise,  calling 
upon  all  who  had  any  claim  to  make  against 
any  of  Eleanor's  servants,  to  appear  and 
support  it.  The  pleadings,  which  relate 
chiefly  to  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  and  to  the 
counties  of  Chester  and  Flint,  comprise 
many  particulars  of  interest;  and  whilst 
hitherto  no  precise  evidence  has  been  ad- 
duced to  show  who  were  the  executors  of 
Eleanor,  it  appears  by  these  recently  dis- 
covered Rolls  that  Edward  was  himself  the 
chief  executor,  and  to  him,  doubtless, 
must  be  attributed  the  actual  direction  of 
the  design  and  execution  of  those  beautiful 
crosses,  raised  in  various  places  to  the 
memory  of  his  beloved  consort.  It  may  be 
hoped  that  further  investigation  of  docu- 
ments lately  brought  into  notice  may  throw 
valuable  light  upon  this  interesting  period. 

Mr.  Wardell  communicated  an  account 
of  the  examination  of  a  tumulus  at  Winter- 
ingham.  East  Riding,  in  which  were  found, 
with  human  remains,  and  the  flint  weapon 
of  the  natives  of  Britain,  in  the  rudest 
period,  the  bones  likewise  of  a  dog,  show- 
ing apparently  the  practice,  similar  to  that 
of  Eastern  nations  in  recent  times,  of  de- 
positing with  the  deceased  the  favourite 
animal,  his  companion  in  the  chase.  Ex- 
amples have  occurred  in  Yorkshire,  and 
other  parts  of  England,  of  the  remains  of 
horses,  and  even  of  the  wheels  of  some 
kind  of  car,  interred  with  the  early  inha- 
bitants of  these  islands,  and  such  facts  are 
not  undeserving  of  note  in  connexion  with 
ethnological  inquiries. 

Mr.  Fowler  sent  a  considerable  deposit 
of  bronze  celts  and  broken  weapons  found 
by  a  ploughman  in  Lincolnshire.  A  large 
assemblage  of  ornaments  of  a  later  age, 
some  of  them  of  the  most  skilful  workman- 
ship, found  in  the  same  county,  were  pro- 
duced by  Mr.  Trollope ;  claiming  special 
attention  as  compared  with  the  numerous 
objects  of  the  same  date,  displayed  by  the 
Hon.  Richard  Neville,  in  his  beautiful 
volume  relating  to  **  Saxon  Obsequies,'' 
(which  is  reviewed  in  our  present  Maga- 
zine.) 

Mr.  Tucker  gave  an  account  of  some 
mural  paintingi  lately  uncovered  in  Exeter 
Cathedral,  wUch  appear  to  be  of  a  higher 
class  of  artiatic  dengn  than  the  decora- 


1853.] 


Antiq ua } ia n  Research es. 


189 


tioiis   of    thk    nature   usually   found    in 

England.     The  date  of  these  paintiogs  has 

liecn   af signed  to  the   close  of  the  four- 

teenth  century;  and  the  mode  of  execu- 

tion    deserves  close   attention,    as    they 

mppcar  to  have  been  painted  not  infrtvcOy 

»lmt  in  temfiera^  to  use  tlie   Italian  term, 

^on  the  plaster^  the  colours  being  partly, 

M  it  would  appear,  applied  with  tLc  aid 

of  some  preparation  of  wax»     TIjp  eompo- 

'  aition  of  the  designs  is  good  and  effective, 

I  the  colour! og  forcible,  and  in  many  parts 

▼ery  fresh.    The  subject  of  this  early  epe- 

cimen  of  art,  which  deserve*  to  be  carefully 

copied,  is  the  Resuirectiou,  and  tlie  de- 

.  tailsi  espedally  in  costume,  partuke  of  an 

iXtalian  character.     It  ni»y,  however,  more 

probably  be  regarded  as  an  early  work  of 

the  Flemish  schooh     The  Dean  of  Exeter 

hais  wilh  praiseworthy  care  taken  measure.*^ 

to  presen'e  at  least  an  accurate  delineatiouj 

as  the  colours   of  sucb   niuml  paintings 

frequently  fade  after  a  abort  exposure. 

Numerous  antiquUies,  and  objects  illu^i- 
trative  of    ancient  usage?,   or  arts   and 
manafftctureSf  were  brought  for  esamina- 
lion,  especially  a  collection  of  Haxon  relics, 
I  personal  omameatSf  niid  beads  of  glaas, 
lilmost  equal  in  brilliancy  and  variety  of 
F  colour  to  the  celebrated   ]iroduct)on!!  of 
I  Mumno.    These  were   found    at    Uuar* 
I  fington,  in  Lincolnshire.     Several  produc* 
>  tions  of  the  enamellere  of  Limoges,  in  the 
Ithif  tcenth  century,  object*  of  the  greatest 
I  rftrity  in    Engbind  tintil  the  reeeot  dis- 
ipersiou   of  continental  colkctions,  were 
ahown,  with  various  specimens  of  gold* 
Emiths''  work  of  Italian  and  German  origin, 
Mr.  Le  Kenx   brought  a  fine  bead-piece, 
and   some  portions  of  armour,  once  sus- 
pended  as   a   funeral    achievement   in   a 
kfshnrch  in  Buckinghamshire,  but  thrown 
aside  during  recent  "restorations."    Mr. 
Burtt  brought  a  series  of  foreign  and  English 
seals,  a  portion  of  the  collections  formed 
by  the  late  Mr.  Caley .     A  singular  folding 
hat  was  produced^  supposed  to  be  formed 
of  white  whalebone,  and   long  preserTed 
amongst  the  heirlooms  of  uxi  old  Surrey 
family,  as  having  been  worn  by  Queen 
Elizabeth.     It  is  a  curious  specimen  of 
lugeauity  in  manufacture,  and,  as  a  proto- 
type of  the  modern  poi-asol,  seem  a  not  iU- 
(  adapted  to  the  taste  of  Queen  Beas,  who 
lored  to  be  seen  in  "an  opeo  garden  light/' 
in  which  this  singular  piece  of  cojitume 
would,  from  the  transparency  of  ita  tex- 
ture, throw  the  slightest  shadow  over  her 
atrongly  marked  features. 

The  Annual  Assembly  of  the  Institute 
was  announced  is  fijied  for  Jnly  12,  at 
Cbicbeiter  ;  hie  Grace  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
i,And  the  Bishop  of  the  diocese,  being 
Ds  of  the  meeting. 


BaiTJSH  ARCQJiOLOGtCAL  ASSOCIATION. 

Dec.  8,  S.  R.  Solly,  esq.  F.R.S.  Vice- 
President,  in  the  Chair. 

A  communication  was  received  from 
Miss  Agne^  Strickland,  in  reference  to 
the  discovery  of  a  jewel  in  the  form  of  a 
cross,  supposed  to  have  belonged  to  Queen 
Mary,  and  represented  in  her  portrait  at 
liolyrood.  Inquiries  were  directed  to  be 
made  on  this  subject. 

A  paper  was  read  by  the  Rev.  E.  KcU, 
F.S.A.  on  some  coins  found  in  excavating 
a  part  of  the  marsh  contiguous  to  New- 
port, and  5omc  other  relics  obtaiued  at 
different  times  from  the  same  locality. 
The  Rev.  Mr*  Hugo  read  a  paper  on  the 
liekl  of  Cuertlali',  and  detailing  the  par- 
ticulars relating  to  the  discoveries  made 
on  tliat  spot  in  1840. 

Mr.  G.  Vere  Irving  read  some  remarks 
on  an  interlude  colled  The  Kiiiing  qf  a 
Calf,  in  illustration  of  an  entry  in  the 
book  of  expenses  of  the  Princess  Mary, 
in  1522, — **  Item,  pjiid  to  a  man  at  Wyndc- 
sore  for  killing  a  calfFe  before  my  lady's 
grace  bebynde  a  clothe,  Sn?/' 

Sir  F.  D warns  exhibited  a  stone  celt  rc^ 
ccntly  found  in  Ireland ;  Mr.  Rolfe  an 
embossed  brick  found  in  Sandwich,  repre- 
senting two  persona  stoned  to  death  by 
soldiers  in  Roman  costume  ■  the  mouth- 
piece of  an  ivor)'  drinking-horn,  and  a 
caning  of  a  stag's  bead  in  wood,  of  curiotu 
workmanship;  a  pound  weight  of  the  time 
of  Elizabeth,  the  crown  of  which  is  en- 
graved, and  the  date  1588  inscribed  on  it; 
and  also  two  decade  rings  in  silver,  a  large 
and  a  small  one.  Mr.  Baigent  forwarded 
the  drawing  of  a  drinking  bowl  of  the  time 
of  Henry  VIL  lately  sold  at  Winchester  ; 
on  the  Bdver  rim  is  inscribed  Poium  tt  nos 
benedicut  A^ym*  Mr.  Newton  exhibited 
the  impression  of  a  Gnostic  ring,  repre- 
sentiog  a  figure  with  four  heads.  Mr. 
Meeke  of  Royston  forwarded  a  Roman 
buckle,  portions  of  glass,  &c.  found  in  a 
tiimuluB  on  the  high  road  from  Roygtou 
to  Baldock.  Tlie  tumulus,  of  the  bowl 
shape,  wa»  thirty  feet  in  diameter,  mud 
between  five  and  six  feet  in  vertical  height* 
It  has  now  been  entirely  removed  ;  chalk, 
flint,  bones  of  an  entire  skeleton,  hx,  were 
discovered.  Mr.  Gunston  exhibited  several 
specimens  of  lamps  obtained  from  variouB 
places  :  one  of  black  earth,  fovwd  among 
cinerary  urns,  horns  and  bones  of  oxen, 
tusks  of  boars,  &c.  in  Walbrook,  in  the 
present  year ;  a  circular  one,  vrith  the 
letters  I.  H.;  and  a  fragment  of  another, 
with  the  Christian  monogram  adopted  by 
Constantine  the  Great.  This  monogram 
was  also  nhown  upon  several  coins  ethi- 
bited  at  the  meeting. 


190 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


The  Emperor  of  the  French  has  an- 
nounoBd  his  intention  of  contracting  mar- 
riage. The  negociations  for  this  object 
with  the  Princess  Wasa  having  failed,  he 
has  fixed  his  affections  on  a  lady  resident 
at  his  own  court.  The  Countess  Th^ba  is 
a  Spaniard  by  birth,  and  twenty^six  years 
of  age.  She  is  sister  to  the  Duchess  of 
Alba,  and  her  mother,  the  widow  of  the 
Count  de  Montijos,  is  of  Irish  extraction. 

By  a  decree  published  in  tbe  Moniteur 
of  the  18th  December,  in  case  of  the  Em- 
peror's leaving  no  direct  heir,  legitimate 
or  adopted,  his  uncle  Jerome,  and  his  de- 
scendants, direct  and  legitimate,  the  issue 
of  his  marriage  with  the  Princess  Catharine 
of  Wurtemberg,  from  male  to  male,  by 
order  of  primogeniture,  to  the  perpetual 
exclusion  of  the  females,  are  appointed  to 
succeed. 

The  reigning  Duke  of  Anhalt-Bernberg 
has  ceded  to  the  Duke  of  Dessau,  chief  of 
the  ducal  house  of  Anhalt,  all  his  rights 
to  the  duchy  of  Anhalt  Koethen,  which 
ceased  to  be  a  separate  soverignty  in  Nov. 
1847. 

The  India  Mail  has  brought  news  that 
Pegu  was  taken  on  the  21st  November, 
and  will  be  annexed  to  tbe  British  do- 
minions. The  campaign  may  be  con- 
sidered at  an  end,  unless  the  Burmese 
forces  should  attack  the  new  territory. 
In  such  a  case  a  march  would  be  made  on 
Ava.  The  British  Empire  by  the  annex- 
ation  of  Pegu  is  extended  into  Eastern 


India.  This  will  indemnify  us  for  th« 
expenses  of  the  war,  and  will  give  great 
facilities  for  overland  commercial  inter- 
course with  China.  In  this  sore  of  trad- 
ing Russia  has  hitherto  beaten  us;  but 
we  shall  now  break  down  the  Muscovite 
monopoly,  and  lessen  Russian  influence 
generally  in  that  part  of  Asia. 

In  California  nearly  the  entire  city  of 
Sacramento  has  been  destroyed  in  a  fear- 
ful conflagration.  The  largest  buildings — 
churches,  hotels,  and  stores — have  all 
fallen  a  prey ;  many  lives  were  lost,  either 
in  a  vain  endeavour  to  arrest  the  progress 
of  the  flames,  or  in  equally  vain  endea- 
vours to  escape,  so  rapid  was  the  progress 
of  the  fire.  The  city  of  Louisville  has 
also  been  burned ;  and  there  have  been  de- 
structive fires  in  San  Francisco.  In  all, 
property  to  the  amount  of  ten  millions 
has  been  lost. 

An  expedition  has  been  formed  by  tbe 
Porte  against  tbe  mountaineers  of  Monte-* 
negro,  whose  country,  not  exceeding  50 
mUes  in  length  by  30  in  breadth,  occ^pie8 
a  portion  of  the  Albanian  range  between 
the  Pashalik  of  Scutari,  Heriegowine,  and 
the  Austrian  frontier  at  the  Booca  di  Cat- 
taro.  They  are  a  warlike  people,  pro- 
fessing the  faith  of  the  Greek  Church ; 
have  been  frequently  attacked  in  former 
times  by  the  Turkish  pashas  of  Scutari, 
but  in  vain  ;  and  their  independence  has 
been  admitted  and  undisturbed  by  the 
Porte  from  the  year  1797. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 

The  arrangements  of  the  Earl  of  Aber-         The  new  elections    to   the   House  of 

deen  for  a  new  Administration  having  Commons  have  all  taken  place  without 

been  completed,  the  transfer  of  power  was  loss  to  the  ministry,  except  in  the  case  of 

carried  into  effect  at  a  Gonncil  held  in  Mr.  Sadleir,  the  member  for  Carlow,  who 

Windsor  Castle  on  the  28th  December,  has  been  defeated  by  Mr.  Alexander.     In 

The  present  Cabinet  is  thus  constituted :  the  University  of  Oxford  a  zealous  and 

FIrrt  Lord  of  the  Treasury    Earl  of  Aberdeen.  determined  opposition  was  raised  against 

si«*tari«.  nf  ( Foreign  . .    Lord  John  Russell.  ^^^  re-election  of  Mr.  Gladstone,  on  the 

^sStfi      M^®™*  •  •    Viscount  Palmerston.  ground  of  his  having  formed  a  coahtion 

(Colonial..    Duke  of  Newcastle.  with  the  enemies  of  the  Church.     On  this 

Lord  ChanceUor  Lord  Cranworth.  account  the  High  Church  party  took  part 

Chancellor  of  the  Exche-    Rt.  Hon.  W.  E.  Glad-  against  him,  whilst  the  evangelical  party 

,  «^®I^   ^  ^^^-  still  mainUined  the  objections  they  had 

Lord  Pi?«dent Earl  Granrille  entertained  at  the  former  election.     Not- 

nt^T^frZf^i  A;'n;;«.',;;    S^     ^l:  withstanding,  however,  this  treatment  from 

First  Lord  of  the  Admhralty    Sir  James  Graham.  u*     #  i**—    \       *   ^i.     a 

Chief  Commissioner  of  In-    Sir  C.Wood.  ^«   '^^f   SJ^l^*"*"*!'   ""[   ^^  'T^  "' 

dian  Affairs  tremes,  Mr.  Gladstone  has  been  re-elected, 

Secretary  at  War Mr.  Sidney  Herbert.  **"*  ^J  **»•  *"*^*  majority  of  124,  and 

First    Commissioner     of   8lr  W.  Molesworth.  after  the  contest  had  been  prolonged  to  Iti 
Works  utmost  limit  of  fifteen  days,  Mr.  Glad- 
Without  office  ifarquess    of   Lans-  stone  polling  1022,  and  Mr.  Dudley  M. 

downe.  Perceval  898. 


18630 


Promotions  and  PrefhrmenU* 


191 


I 


The  winter  6f  18fi2  3  has  been  remark' 
able  beyond  all  mcniory  for  its  high  tem- 
pcnttare  and  incest  ant  fall  of  raio.  Tbe 
raiti  cointuenced  on  tbe  'ilst  of  October, 
and  for  Bcveral  weeks  after  the  greater 
part  of  England  was  under  water.  Oti 
the  I5tli  Not.  the  Feltwell  New  Fen  Dis- 
trict in  Norfolk  wa*  in  undated  by  the 
bursting  of  Brandon  Bank,  when  the 
extent  of  about  8,000  acre«  was  i»ubtaerged 
to  the  defith  of  from  four  to  mx  feet. 
More  thjia  100  poor  families  have  been 
compelled  to  leave  thetr  habitations,  and 
the  eetimated  lois  of  the  diittrtct  it>  from 
fA,0OO/.  to  30,000/.  A  public  fiubscriiJ- 
tioa  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  was  set 
an  foot  at  a  meetin}^  held  at  Dowuhani 
Market  on  the  22d  December,  to  which 
Her  Majesty  ha^  given  50  guineas,  the 
Duke  of  Bedford  and  Earl  of  Hardwicke 
each  50;.  the  Earl  of  f^iee^ter  25/.  iVc.  &c. 

A  fearful  inundation  occurrpd  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Bury,  Lancaihire,  by 
the  burtiting,  on  the  0th  Dec*,  of  two  re- 
terroirt  three  miles  off,  in  the  vilhige  of 
Elton,  forming  a  "  lodge,"  some  forty  feet 
deep,  fur  the  accumulation  from  three 
narrow  ttreams  rising  at  Cockty  Moor. 
Property  wag  here  destroyed  to  the  amoynt 
of  20,000/,  and  300  fieople  thrown  out  of 
work.  Destroying,  in  its  coiirge,  small 
bndge«  and  gardeut  for  a  mile  further,  it 
reached  the  cotfoft-mill  of  Mr.  C.  Wolsten- 
holme,  destroying  property  to  the  value  of 
1,000/.  employing  forty  bimd^s.  Reaching 
the  chemical  works  of  Mr.  Mucklow,  in  a 
body  of  water  twelve  to  fifteen  feet  high, 
in  an  instant  it  swept  away  forty  out  of 


fifty  yardfl  of  building;  the  warehoojai 
flooded,  and  drugs  destroyed  to  the  value 
of  between  h.miL  and  G,D00/.  Reaching 
Bury,  it  flooded  houses  and  milk,  but  for- 
tufttttcly  no  lives  were  loat,  though  tbe 
total  amount  of  property  U  wd  to  reach 
from  30,000/.  to  ;J5,000/. 

fn  a  storm  on  the  26th  Dec.  tbe  de- 
struction was  still  more  general ;  which 
was  particularly  felt  at  Carlisle,  at  Car- 
narvon, at  Gloucester,  at  Oiford,  at 
Exeter,  and  at  Dublin,  as  well  ot  on  the 
Thames  and  throughout  the  country.  The 
steeple  of  Trinity  church  at  Stockton-ou- 
Tee«  WHS  blown  down,  and  the  ste«ple  of 
Middlesbrough  was  also  damaged. 

In  the  ye^ir  IB  17  a  column  was  erected 
on  tbe  Black  Down  hili^  near  IVeiiingfton^ 
in  honour  of  the  groat  commander  who 
had  takcji  his  title  from  that  town.  This 
naocuameiit  having  renmined  in  anuntiuished 
and  somewhat  ruinous  condition,  an  in- 
flucDtial  meetiug  was  held  at  Taunton  ott 
the  13th  of  January,  at  w^ich  the  chair 
wa^  taken  by  Moutugu  Gore,  eaq.  the 
High  Sheriff  of  the  county,  and  the  Lord 
Lieutenant,  Lord  Portman,  moved  the 
following  resolution  : — **  That  this  meet- 
ing, deeply  lamenting  tbe  death  of  tbe  late 
Duke  of  Wellington,  is  desirous  of  re- 
storing the  column  erected  in  1B17  on  the 
Black  Down  hills,  in  commemoration  of 
his  victories.''  *llie  resolution  having  been 
seconded  by  Biekhum  EscotC,  esq.  was 
carried  unaninoiougly,  and  Buhacriptions  to 
the  amount  of  nearly  400/.  were  rweived 
at  the  meetiug. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


HaCRTTK  PRCrBRMKNTfl. 

iVtfe,  15-  Henry  Charles  Mtilea,  eaq.  to  he 
one  of  the  three  Chief  Commiasioners  of  the 
Tithe  and  ttie  Land  Enclosure  O^mmission  for 
Kni^laiMl  a  fid  \Va(p*. 

Dec.  28,  Jiflrl  GranTtlle  (leclared  Prejudenl 
of  the  Councii.— Sir,William  Moles  worth,  Uart. 
Sir  John  Young,  Bart,  and  Edward  Card  well, 
esq.  awom  of  tne  Privy  Couneil— Lord  Cran- 
wortb  sworn  Lord  Chancellor-  —  Tlie  Duke 
of  Newcastle  (Colonist),  Lord  John  Kussell 
(FareiffD)^  and  Viscount  Paltueratoo  (liome>, 
tobettiree  of  Her  Majesty's  rnnci[i>al  Secre- 
taries of  State.— The  Riiht  Hod.  Edward  Card- 
well  to  t>e  Prf'sideut  of  the  Committee  of  Trade 
and  ForeiffO  Plantations.— Tbe  Bifht  Hon.  Sir 
John  Young,  Bart,  appointed  Chief  .Secretary 
for  Ireland. 

Dec.  30.  The  Ri^ht  Hon.  William  Ewart 
Gbidsione  to  be  Chancjellor  and  liider  Trea- 
surer of  ihp  KtdiciitM  r  -  The  Right  Hon.  Sir 
Charle-  .- Her  Majesty's  Com- 

missior.  'if  India,— The  Hon. 

CharleN  u  he  Advocate-Gene- 

ral.—Tbf  Rtgiu  Mmti  Mr.  Balnea  to  be  a  Poor 
Law  Commistioner  for  Eagland.— The  JUght 


Hon.  Sidney  Herbert  to  be  Secretary  at  War. 
—James  Bfoncreiffj  esq.  to  he  Advocate  for 
geotland.— The  Right  lion.  Sir  James  R,  G, 
Graham,  Vice-Adm.  Hyde  Parker,  C.B.,  Hear- 
Admiral  Maurice  P.  F.  Berkeley.  C.B.,  Capt. 
the  Hon.  Richard  Saunders  liundas,  C.B*, 
Capt.  Alexander  Milne,  and  tbe  Hon.  W,  f. 
Cowper,  to  be  Lurds  CommiMsioners  of  tbe 
Admiralty.— The  t^rl  of  Bessborough  to  be 
Master  of  the  Buck  Hounds.- Lord  Alfred 
Pa^et  to  be  Chief  fkiaorry  and  Clerk  Mar- 
sha] to  Her  Majesty.  —  Lord  Ernest  Bract 
to  be  Vice-Chsmberlaiu  of  Her  Majesty's 
Household.— Lord  Foley  to  he  Captain  of  Her 
Ma1eaty^<l  Hon.  Corys  of  Geutknien-at-Arma. 
—  V  iscount  SydBejr  to  be  Captain  of  the  Veomen 
of  the  Guard.— ftichard  Davies  Hanson,  esq. 
to  be  Advocate-General  for  South  Austrslia. 

JfiH,  1.  The  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  K.T.,  Right 
Hon.  W.  E.  Gladstone,  Lord  Alfred  Hervey, 
the  Hon.  F.  W.  Cbarteris,  and  John  Sadletr, 
cisq,  tO'tM!  CommissioDers  of  the  Treasury,^ 
Capt.  the  Hoo«  Dudley  Charles  Fitzgerald  dt 
Ros,ofl<itLifeGusrds,tobeF.<luerrytoH.R.H, 
Prince  Albert. 

Jifn.  3.  The  Risbt  Hon.  Edward  Strutt  t« 
be  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster, 


192 


Promotion.^  and  PrefermenU* 


[Feb, 


Ja«.4.  Tlie  Doke  of  Amll  and  Viscouut 
Sydney  iworn  of  tbc  Privy  Council.— The  End 
St.  Genjians  4ei:Jflr*d  Lord  U*?utenant  of  Ire^ 
Jan d.— The  Duke  of  Anryll  sworn  l>ord  Privy 
SeBil.— Lord  SUnley  of  Aklerley  apijointed  Vice- 
President  of  th(^  U^ard  of  Trade,— T!ie  Uukeof 
Norfolk,  KG.  to  be  Lord  Steward  of  Her  Mb- 
jesly's  IX on se hold— The  Karl  of  Mulgrave  to 
be  rrcBaurer  of  Her  MaJMty's  Household.— 
Viscount  Drumlajirifif  to  be  Comptroller  of  Her 
Majesty's  Hoiiaeh&kL 

Jan,  I).  Viscount  CaunLujr  to  be  Po Hildas ter- 
GeneraL— The  Rifrhl  Hon*  Sir  Williom  Moles- 
worth,  Bart,  to  be  First  Commlssiioner  of  Works 
atid  Pablic  Buildings,— Tlie  Right  Hon-  Lord 
Stanley  of  Alderley  to  he  PByra aster-General, 
—The  Right  Hon.  John  Wynne  to  b«  a  Priry 
Couneillor  of  Ereland. 

Jan.  6.  Viscount  Torriuffton  to  he  a  Lord 
In  Waiting  to  H.RU.  Prince  Albert.- Samuel 
HobsoB,  t&q.  late  Capt.  lOtU  Foot,  to  Ue  one  of 
the  Hon.  Corps  of  G^ntlemcn-Bt-Armii. 

Jan,  7.  Htti  Foot,  Siirjreon  E.  D.  Batt.from 
3d  Ft>ot»  to  be  Sun^eon.— <8th  root.Caot.  G.  M. 
Lya  to  be  Major.— «0[h  Foot.C^pt.  L.  L.  Mont- 
gomery to  bfi  Major,— Brevet,  Capt.T.  roM-)'s» 
of  the  ecih  Foot,  to  be  Major  and  Lieut,- 
Colonel  im  the  Army, 

Jan.  II.  The  Marquess  of  Ormonde  to  be  one 
of  the  Lords  in  Wikitiag  in  Ordinary  to  Her 
Majesty. 

Jatt.  la.  Frederic  Wiiliftm  Hamilton,  eaq. 
late  Cant.  t2th  Royal  Lane!er»,  to  lie  one  of 
H.  M.  Hon,  Corps  of  Gent lcmen'Bt-x\rms, 

JnH.  13.  Eari  Sonier^„  Lord  Camoys,  Lord 
Elphinatonet  Lord  Rivera,  Lord  Waterpark, 
and  Lord  de  Tabley,  to  be  Lords  in  Waiting 
in  Ordinarv  to  Her  Majeaty.— The  Marquess 
of  Dalhousle,  K  T^  to  be  Constable  of  Dover 
Castle*  and  Warden  of  the  Ciuqtie  Ports.— 
Will  lam  Monsell,  esq,  to  be  Clerk  of  the  Ord- 
nance. 

Jan*  15.  Tbc  Duchems  of  Sutherland  to  he 
MiistrFBH  of  the  Robes.— John  Mnrquess  of 
Breadalhane,  K.T.  to  be  Lord  Chamberlain  of 
Her  Majesty's  Household.— Lieot, -Colonel  the 
Hon.  Lfttiderdttle  Maule  to  be  Master  of  the 
Ordnance. 

Jan.  17.  Robert  Handyside,  es*].  Advocate, 
to  be  Solicitor- General  for  «^cotlancL 

Jan.  at.  The  Duke  of  Wellington  to  be 
Master  of  the  Horse,— aSJth  Foot3'"jt>r-Gen. 
R.  LIudlvn,  C.B.  to  be  Colonel. 


T.  G.  Boring,  e«i|.  to  the  Preaident  of  the  Board 
of  Control;  the  Hod,  F.  A.  Chichester  to  Mr. 
Lowe,  and  A.  Hobhouse,  esq.  to  Sir  T,  HedtDg- 
too,  at  the  same  Board ;  G.  F,  llnlton*  esq.  to 
the  Chief  Secretary  for  Ireliiul ;  W.  M.  Jimei 
esq.  to  the  Chancellor  of  the  Dnchy  of  Ljincu 
ter;  and  R.  Wilbraham,  esq.  to  JaiiieBW^ilsOQi 
e%q.  Financial  Secretary  of  the  Treasary.- 
W.  C.  S.  Rice,  esq,  to  be  Chief  Secretary  to  til 
Lord  Chancellor. 

Iaelano. 

Rif  ht  Hon.  Maiiere  Brady  to  be  the  Lord  ' 
Chancellor.— Abraham  Brewster,   esq.  to  b« 
Attorney-General,  and  Willijmi  Keogfa,  €fl4|. 
Solicitor-General. 

The  Lord  Chancellor  hR*  made  the  following 
appointmentJirSecretary,MaiiereJ,Brndy,esq,j 
Secretary  of  Bankrupts,  Cheyne  Brady,  esu. ; 
Purse-bearer,  Mark  l^rrin,  e*i«j. ;  Clerk  of  the 
Custodies  in  Lunacy,  Rich.  B,  M*Cau8lAnd,e»q, 

Mr.  C.  Kelly,  barrister-at-law,  1839,  has  been 
appointed  Castle  Adviser. 

The  followinsf  constitute  the  hoiiaehuld  of 
the  new  Lord  Lieutenant:  Major  I'unsonhy, 
Private  &?ecretary ;  Lord  Umikellin,  State 
Steward;  Major  Bag^ot,  CoroptroUer j  Mr.  G. 
L^Efltranre,  ChamberJain  ;  Capt.  Willis,  Gen* 
tieinan  Uisher;  Captain  Harvey,  Master  of  the 
Horse;  Mr.  L.  Balfour,  Gentleman  at  Lar^e; 
Capt.  H,  Wllliainfl,  Gentleman  of  the  Bed- 
chamber i  Dr.  Ilatchell,  Surjfeoo  to  the  Hoas^ 
bold  I  Dean  Tighe,  First  Chaplain.— Aides- 
deCamp  ;  Capt,  H.  Cust,8th  Hossara;  Capt. 
the  Hon.  J.J.  Bonrke,  «8th  Rejft, ;  Capt.  A.  L. 
Peei,  52d  Re^t.— Extra  Aides-de-Camp :  Brevet 
Major  G.  Bagot,  ilst  llegt.;  brevet.Ma|or  H. 
Ponsonbv,  Gren.  Guardn;  Capt,  Lord  Kilteen, 
8th  Hussars  ;  C»pt.  A.  WombwelU  46tb  Regt. ; 
Capt.  S.  T.  Williams,  2nd  Drag;  C«pt.  C.  B. 
Molyneux,  4th  Light  Uragotfbs;  Capt.  J.  P. 
Winter,  17 th  Lancers;  Lieut,  the  Hon.  J.  W.  H. 
Hntchinson,  1 3th  Light  Dragoon*. 


Sir  y.  J.  Turner  to  he  one  of  the  Lords  Jus* 
ticea  of  the  Court  of  Appeal, 

Sir  W.  P.  Wood  to  be  a  Vice-ChanccUor, 

Mr.  Kenyun  Parker,  Q.C  and  C.  Otter,  esq. 
to  be  Examiners  in  the  Court  of  Chancery. 

To  be  Under  Secretariea  of  ^lalCt  Hon.  H. 
FRxroy  (Home),  F.  Pteel,  esq.  (Colonial),  and 
Lord  Wodehouse  (Foreign). 

Joint  Secretaries  of  IheTreasury,  Right  Hon. 
W.  G.  Hayter,  and  Jamea  Wilson,  esq. 

Joint  Secretaries  to  the  l^ard  of  Control, 
R.  Lowe,  esq.  and  Sir  T.  Redington. 

Secretary  to  the  Admiralty  *  Bcmal  Os- 
borne, e«q. 

Secretary  to  the  Poor  LawBoaitl,  Hon.  Gran- 
Tillt  fkrkclejr. 

Private  Secretaries,— CUnton  Dawkitii,  esq. 
and  James  Henry  Cote,  caq^  to  the  Prime 
Minister;  R.  W.  Grey,  e«q.  to  tlie  Home 
Secretary;  Henry  Roberts,  esq.  to  the  Colonial 
Secretary;  Mr.  Arthur  Rus#el1  to  the  Foreign 
Secretary,  and  Mr.  F.  W,  H.  Cavendish,  Precis 
Writer;  Capt.  Henry  O'Brien  to  the  First  Lcird 
of  the  Admiralty,  and  H.  R-  C.  Stopylton,  esq. 
to  the  Secretar);  J.  F.  CamnbeU,  etq.  to  the 
Lord  Privv  Seal ;  C.  Cardwell,  esq.  to  the  Pre* 
aideot  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  Edgar  Bow- 
rlagf*  esq.  ccon tinned)  to  the  Vlce^ president  * 

10 


Exeter  and  S.  Devon  Volunteer  Rifle  Brigade, 
Sir  K.  S.  Prideatix,  Bart,  to  be  Major  Cotn- 
mandant.— Inverness,  Banff,  Elj^a^  and  Nairu 
Militia,  A,  P,  G.  CiimniiDg,  esq.,  late  Cant.  71at 
Light  Inf  and  4lli  LiK'ht  Drag,  to  be  Major,— 
Tower  Hauileta  Militia,  Major  W,  L-  Grant  to 
be  Lieut.-ColoutI  i  Capt.  J.  S.  Walker,  late  of 
seth  Foot,  to  be  Major. —2d  Staffordahire 
Militia.  The  Hon.  K.  R,  Littleton  to  be  Colonel; 
Lord  Paget  to  be  Lieut.- Colonel;  R.  Dyott,  e»q„ 
late  Capt.  53d  Foot,  and  K.  Bhike,  eao.,  fate 
Captain  7th  Dragoon  Guards,  to  be  Majors.— 
1st  Yorkshire  West  Riding  Militia,  the  Hon. 
E.G.  Monckton  lobe  Lieut,-Colonel  — Clwahire 
Militia,  W.  D,  Davcniwrt,  gent,  and  W,  H. 
Harper^  i^enL  to  be  Majors, 


Naval  Pelkfcrmbnts, 

Dtc,  \1.  Vice-Adm.  John  Wrieht,  and  Vice- 
Adrn.  W.  H.  B.  TreinJett,  lobe  Admirals  on  the 
half-pay  list ;  Vice-Adm,  SirS.  Pywi,  K.C  B.  to 
be  Admiral  of  the  Blue;  Rear-Adm.  J.  W.  D. 
Dundas,  C.B.  to  be  Vice-Admiral  of  the  Blue ; 
Cjipt.  Sir  G.  R.  B.  Pechell,  Bart,  and  Captain 
H.  B-  Powell,  to  be  Rear-Admiral.s  on  reserved 
half.pay  ;  Captain  the  Hon.  H.J  Rous,  to  be 
Rear'AdDural  of  the  Blue  —To  be  retired  Bear* 
Admirals  on  the  terina  proposed  1st  8ept.  J§46, 
Capt  H.  T-  B.  Coflier,  Capt.  J.  Brenton,  CapL 
W.  Ramsden,  Capt.  II.  Stanhope,  Capt- J.  T. 
CofTin,  Cspt.  E.  Curion,  CB.  Capt.  S.  Arabio. 

Capt.  G.  B.  Martin,  C  B.  late  of  the  Victory, 
to  be  Superintendent  of  the  Dockyard,Deptford, 

Capt.  John  Shepherd  (1840)  to  the  Victory,  it 
Portamouth,  as  Flag<  Cap  tain  to  Vice-Adm,  Sir 
T,  Cochrane.- Com m.  Henry  'lYollope,  to  Rat- 
tlesnake storeabip. 


]853.] 


Ecclesiastical  PrcJhrmenis^Bivth. 


193 


Mem^ei'j  returmd  to  serve  in  Parliament. 

Cflr/o*p.— Edward  Alexaiailpr,  esq. 

IforpffA,— Riffht  Hon*  Sir  tieorffe  Grey. 

Ward.^m^Ui  Hon.  Eijirard  CardwelL 

[All  tbe  new  miniatGrs  have  been  rt-eicctEtf. 
witli  the  cjcoepttonof  Mr.  Sadleir,  (ute  Mtsmlicr 
for  C^rJowO 


Ecclesiastical  PAi^rRRMBNTB. 

Uev.  J.  P.  LJghtfoot  (R,  of  Wootton/Kofthamp- 
tonili)  Hcinorary  Canonry  of  Pplerboroueh, 

Rev.  W.  Potter,  {R,  of  WUiieahatti,  Sutrolk,) 
Honorarjr  Cftwonry  of  Norwicb, 

Ri*v.  E.  €,  Adiims,  Hawkcriurcli  R.  Dorspl. 

Re?.  G*  D.  Adatns,  l^sl  ElmJIeijjti  V.  Devon. 

Be?*  D.  L.  Alexaritkr,  Oantoti  V.  Yorkshire, 

R*r.  S.  Aadrew.  Hal  we  SI  R.  Hevon. 

Hev.  J.  A.  Astnii,  Riillfnjctoi^  l*.a  Clicshire, 

Rev.  VV.  Ayersjt,  lifrertoei  PC;  KeoL 

Rev.  P*  S.  Ba^rire,  Wftlpole  SE.  Peter  R.  Norf. 

Rev.  T,  R.  Rnlilwin,  LevlanJ  V.  Lnncit shire. 

Rev.  11.  Rekher,  St,  Gabriel  P,C.  Pirulico. 

Rev.  \S.  H,  bei^iJt  Chqrt:hovfH^  R.  Warwieksh. 

Rev.  T.  IliUby,  Norlcrj  PC,  CJioiice?tershire. 

Rev.  T,  R.  B.  W.  Boasliton^Leigh,  Newbold- 

wpon-Avon  V.  IVarwIektliiru. 
Rf?v.  J,  Brooks,  WaUoH-le-llate  PC.  Lane. 
Rev.  W.  Colder,  Fairlleld  ['.C.  Lfincflabirt* 
Hon.  and  Rev,  A.G.Cjiitipbelif  Kniptaxi  jL  L*ic. 
Rev.  R.  J.  Clarke.  Dcker  Hill  P.C  S^l^attbrdslt, 
R^v.  —  Davjes,  fit.  Mark  P.C.  WhitecIispeL 
Rev,  E.  A.  Daviea,  i3t.  MathJas  P.C.  Mjilvern* 

Link,  Worcestershire. 
Re  T.O.J.Girt^n, ensile  Mneadam  P.C,  WlcklOff'. 
Rev.  N,  M.  Germoii,  Gussag?  V.  IMrsel. 
Ee  V.  Lord  A  .C.  H  ervey,  H  o  m  i  nz  slieat  h  Rh  Suffolk . 
Rev,  A,  B,  Hill,  tiisU  Rodhiif  R,  E^sex. 
Rev*  C*  E.  H oaken,  Luxutiiin  V.  Corn^ralL 
EfV,  W.  J  Ames,  Binon  R.  Warvrickahire. 
Rev,  IL  Jellett,  Af^hinnirh  R^and  V.  dio.  Clovae. 
Rev,  W,  II .  J  0  lies,  y\  (it  t  raai  -I  iw  LoiigpdeBdatu  V . 

Laneashire. 
Rev.  G.  Knowliii^,  St  PauI  P.C.  Stonelioasc. 
Rev.AXy*ll,  SLDJonig-Rackcliurdi  R.  London, 
Rev.  J-  Lyoii9j  Tilliuijliain  V.  ^Hi^%. 
Rev.  R,  ManiJ,  Long  VVbatton  R,  Lemeseersh. 
Rev.  ^  Meadp.  Dadj  spillane  V.  dio,  Cloyoe, 
Rev.  W»  Meniies.  Wiiuiftll  R.  Hnntf. 
Rev.  W,  C,  Moson,  rJsbam  V.  Lincolnshire, 
Rev.  W.  Petersen,   Holy  Trinity  P,C.  Crtn* 

brouk,  Kent. 
Rev.  H.  9.  Polkrd,  Edlington  V.  Lincolnshire, 
Rev.  ^.  T.  Prestun,  Little  Rrandon  R.  N'orfolk* 
Rev.  H.  H.  Price,  Ai*li  PXT.  Salop. 
Rev.  E,  hi.  Pridmore,  Breaj^e  And!  Germoe  V^» 

Comwftll. 
Rev.  IL  T.  Pulteney,  Ashley  R,  Northamp. 
Rev.  W,  L.  Roaentfiftl!,  Hofy  Trinity  P.C  Wil- 

leahall,  BtaJfbrdMliii'e. 
Rev.  Vir.  shepp*Td,  KilgevinV.  dio.  Elphlji, 
Rev.  C.\V.  H.  H.  Sidney,  Gooders tone V.  Norf. 
Yen.  C.  J.  Smith,  Erith  V,  Kent, 
Rev.  B.  ^rke^  Taddenhum  St.  Slary  R.  Sufl", 
Itev.  r.Thorapton,  Bontli  Mtitims  V.  Midds. 
Rev.  A.  W.  Opcber,  Atliwellthorrpe  It.  NorfoiJi. 
Rev.  i:,    Uttermarck,   Withyeornbe.Rawlcigh 

PC.  Devoa. 
Rev.  J.  Wilcox.  St.  Peter  P.C.  Hiton,  Stam 
Rev.  C.  T.  Wilklosoo.  AtterclUTe  P.C  Yorkah. 
Rev.  T.  Willis,  Killecdy  R,  dio.  Limerick. 

l^i  Chaplaincies^ 
Rev.  R.  B.  Piiker*  Examininjr  Chaplain  to  the 

Bishop  of  Moat h. 
Rev.  W.  M,   flrfiiJford  (R.  of  Weat-Meon),  to 

Lord  Chancellor. 
Rev.  J.  ]>  t.kiuii*-.  Unioiu  Elhatn,  Kent, 
Rev.  R.  Illi^],  II  M,H.  RiKJney, 
Rev.  J.  A,  :^l,nliiji!s.  Colonial,  Ceyton. 
Rev.  B.  JInu :n*n,  0»ol>  SwalTliam,  Norfolk, 
Rev.  A.  YL    l'uiiL>Lk,  A?ylnrnj  Leeaon  direct, 

Dublin. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


AVn.  E.  A.  Slopford  (Archdeacon  of  Meath), 
Exam inine  Chaplain  to  the  Biiliop  of  Meatb. 

Rev.  J.  C.  Thompson,  Eajst  Riilinif  House  of 
Coi-ri^ctioaf  Beverley,  Yarkshiri;. 

OoU^giaie  and  Sshoi^siic  Appointments. 
Rev.  B.  M.  Cowic,  Hul^ean  Lecturer,  Qimb. 
Rev,  W,  De  Btif>fh,  Dorniellan  Lecturer,  Uni- 
versity of  rioblin,  IHSa. 
Rev  P.  V.  M.  inucnh  Fellow  and  Sab-Wjirden 

of  Chrijst'fi  Collejfp,  TaEsaianiii. 
Rev,  C.  O.  Goodforti,  Heed  Master  of  Eton. 
Rev.  E  C,  Hawlrey,  U>1>.  Provost  of  Eton. 
Rev.  J.  MatiheWK,  Professorship  of  Physical 

Sciencpfl*  ^t.  Ba^'id'^  Coltej^e,  Lanipeter. 
ReVn  J.  l^^rtert  Matlsemflttcal  MBster,Cijl  legate 

Institution »  TarvJni,  ChoJiihlfe. 
Rev*  C.  P.  Sheplii'rd,  Head  Maaterflhip  of  the 

Grammar  School,  Sudbury,  ^uOblk. 
Rev.  J.  B.  Traversj  Governor  of  Alford  Oratti- 

mar  Bcliool. 
Rev.   W,  VV«t.^on,  Secoad  Mastership  of  the 

Ou  u  rl:le  G  ra  ni  maf  ^^choo  I ,  N  ort  ham  pto  nsh  i  re. 
W.  H.  iamea,  B  A  Vic*j- Principal  of  the  N'or- 

msl  Trainli]^  Cnjlepre,  CbeUenhiim, 
M.  Muller,  M  A.  l^ctiireship  of  Modern  Litfv 

rat  u  re,  U  n  i  V  era  i  ty  0  f  ( )\f c>rd , 
J,   0*Lcarv,   esq.   Vicc-l'reLSident  of  Queen ^s 

Collcire,  Gal  way. 
A.  SiTiilli,  ILA.  Vici 

College. 


V^ice- Principal  of  Huddei-alield 


Erratum.— V.  84,  Ist  col.  for  Rev.  F.   H. 
Barker,  read  Barber. 


BIRTHS. 

DeCr  7.  At  Mellon  Mowbray,  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Coventry,  a  son.— 16.  AtCartoii*  Maynoothj 
the  Mareldoness  of  KiMare,  a  swjn.— At  Kin- 
nuird  eastle,  N.B.,  Lady  Catheriue  Camesie,* 
daUn- — -At  lliadlip  house,  Wore*  the  Cbunteta 
Henri  dl  San  Daniiano,  a  Eton.- — At  Deben- 
ham  vicarage*  the  Hon.  Mrs,  Jh  Bedini^feld,  a 
fiou. — -20,  At  Cane  End  houee^  OxL  the  wife 
Qf  W.  H,  Vandcr^te^en,  esq.  if  son  and  heir, 
— — 11.    The  Lady  Hautinj^ower*  a  dau. 

36.  %M  SCO  no  teas  Alaid^lone,  a  soa  and  heir. 
At  Syaton  park,  Lady  TborolU,  a  .*on.— — 

37,  At  Eaton  !!^Q,  the  wife  of  Major  Orrniby 

Gore,  a  son. 29.    At  the  Rectory,  Herting* 

frtrdbnry,  the  mfe  Of  the  Hon.  and  Rev,  Go- 
dolphin  Hastiii^ii,  a  dim, in  Berkeley  sq, 

the  wife  of  ^jdney  Sinirke,  esq.  a  dau. — - 
30.  At  Urampford  :^p«key  the  wife  of  Tre- 
hawkc  Kekewich.esq.  ailau.— 31.  At  R^lJeld 
houj^e,  Rarnc!,  ."ijurrey,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Edward 

Wrottealey,  a  dan. At  Berue,  the  wife  of 

Andrew  Buchanan,  esq,  H.M,  Minister  Plentp, 
to  the  Svrlas  Confederation,  a  dan. 

Jtf**.  I.  At  EdKehilL  Liverpool,  the  wife  of 
(he  Rev.  J,S.  Huwson,  Principal  of  the  Col* 
legiate  Institution,  a  dau.— At  Dublin,  the 

Hon.    Mrs.  Hewitt,  a  dau, ^At  Forest  hi  11, 

the  wife  of  Henry  Vansiitiirt,e3q,  Bcnj^nl Civil 

Se  rv  ice,  a  sou . 3.     A  t  the  Pri  ory,  W  herw  el  l, 

Mrs,  W.  lremon(fer>  fidau. — -At Glen  StuaHp 
the  ViscOEinlC53  Urumlanrtg^,  pretuaturely^  a 
Bon,  who  survived  only  a  few  hours.— ?.  At 
the  Lodpe,  Goldington,  Beda,  the  wife  of  A. 
Mel  lor,  estj,  a  a  on,— At  Richmond,  the  wife 
of  Bransby  H.  Cooper,  esq.  Bcuj^al  Civit  Serv. 
a  dau.- — a.  At  the  Rectorj",  Barnes,  Surrey, 
the  wife  of  the  Rtv.  R,  E,  Copleston,  a  dau.— 
10.  In  Upper  Wobtirn  pi.  Mrs.  Charles  Rivinit* 
ton.  Upper  Tootiup;,  a  hou.  —— At  Fallapit, 
l>e?On,  the  wife  of  W.   IJ.    tintej^cue,  esq.  a 

dAB. ^11.    At  Chesham  st.  Hie  Countess  of 

De^rt,  a  son.— 14.  At  East  RtrKholt  lodr^, 
SnlTblk»  the  wife  of  Lieut.-lM.  Poole,  R,LC,S- 
a  sou,— 17.    At  Strsttou  StrawlesB,  N'^rfallip 

2C 


194 


Marriages. 


[Feb. 


Mrs.  Cbarles  Marshatn,  a  son  and  heir. 

At  Garboldisham,  Suflblk,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Fitz- 

Gerald  Foley,  a  son. The  wife  of  James 

Ojfilvie  Fairlie,  esq.  of  Coodham,  Ayrshire,  a 

dau. 19.    At  the  vicaragre,  Mapledarham, 

I^dy  Augusta  FitzClarence,  a  son. 


MARRIAGES. 

Peh. ..  1852.  At  Adelaide,  South  Australia, 
Stephenson  Harry  Scatfe^  esq.  of  Glenbannah, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Stephenson  Scaife,esq. 
of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  to  Catherine-Dig^by, 
third  dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Shuttleworth,  esq. 
of  Market  ilorborough. 

Mau  19.  At  OUki,  New  Zealand,  the  Ven. 
Archdeacon  Octavius  Had/leld,  to  Kate,  third 
dau.  of  the  Ven.  Archdeacon  Henry  Williams. 

At  Port  Lyttelton,  New  Zealand,  Charles 

John  Percival,  e.^q.  of  Little  Bookham,  Surrey, 
to  Eleanor,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Matthews,  esq.  of  Longnor,  Salop. 

27  At  Jericho,  Van  Diemen*s  Land,  Robt. 
Nalder  Clarke,  esq.  U.A.,  J.  P.  of  Lerderderg, 
Port  Philip,  of  Downing  coll.  Cambridge,  to 
Catharine- Jane,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Dr. 
Hudspeth,  Bowsden. 

June  30.  At  East  Maitland,  New  South 
Wales,  Arthur-Edward,  fourth  son  of  the  Rev. 
Townsend  Seltcyn,  C^inon  of  Gloucester,  to 
Rose  Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  G.  K. 
Rusden.  M.A. 

Aug.  5.  At  Sydney,  H.  Denne,  esq.  of  Liver- 
pool Plains,  son  of  the  late  David  Denne,  esq. 
Chislett,  to  Catherine,  third  dau.  of  R.  Stubbs, 
esq.  Sydney. 

28.  At  Sydney,  William,  second  son  of  the 
late  Captain  Micajah  Malbon,  R.N.  Governor  of 
the  Staplcton  depOt  for  the  Freiich  prisoners 
of  war,  to  Martha-Trelawney-Grace,  eldest  dau. 
of  Edward  Elmsall  Day,  surgeon. 

Sept.  23.  At  Secunderabad,  Capt.  Anthonv 
Robert  Thornhill,  5th  Madras  Cav.  second  son 
of  Thomas  Thornhill.  esq.  of  Woodleys.  Oxf. 
to  Margaret,  only  dau.  of  Major  Cuthbert 
Davidson,  B.N.L 

30.  At  Heidflberg,  Australia,  Sidney /licardo, 
esq.  to  Lucretia-Seymour,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Lieut.  Wm.  Flinn,  R.N.  late  of  Exmouth. 

Oct.  8.  At  Singapore,  William  W.  Shtnp,  esq. 
to  Emily-Carohne,  third  dau.  of  Thomas  O. 
Crane,  esq.  of  Singapore. 

18.  At  Kurrachee,  Scinde,  Lieut.  Charles 
Mardon  Wallace  Jamet,  Bombay  Establish,  to 
Fanny -Margaret,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Studdert  W  elsh,  of  Newtown  house,  and  Rector 
of  Six-mile  Bridge,  co.  Clare. 

19.  At  Cape  Town,  James-Arnold,  second  son 
of  Thomas  Wood,  esq.  late  of  Arthingworth, 
Northamptonsh.  to  Eleonora- Louisa,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  William  Elliot,  Rector  of 

Simonburn,    Northumberland. At  Macao, 

James  Mridges  Endicott,  esq.  to  Sarah-Ann, 
eldest  dau.  of  Robert  Kusseil,  esq.  of  Brixton, 
Surrey. 

28.  At  Bermuda,  Captain  Edif»ard  F.  Uare, 
5Cth  Regt.  Fort-Adiutant,  son  of  Major  W.  H. 
Hare,  of  Plymouth,  to  Fanny-Louisa,  eldest 
dau.  of  Col.  W.  11.  Eden,  acting  Governor  of 
the  Bermudian  Islands. 

Nov.  1.  At  St.  John's,  Hanopstead,  Arthur 
Rithworth,  esq.  only  son  of  J.  Kishworth,  esq. 
formerly  of  York,  banker,  to  Ellen,  eldest  dau. 
of  T.  Potter,  esq.  of  Poplar  house,  Hampstead. 

2.  At  Cambridge,  the  Rev.  Sparks  fiellett 
Sealy,  M.A.  Curate  of  St.  Andrew-the-Less, 
Cambridge,  second  son  of  the  late  Lieut.-Gen. 
B.  W.  D.  Sealy,  HE.l.C.S.  to  Eliza-Holt,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Jon.  Holt  Titcomb,  esq. 

8.  At  Coburg,  the  Rev.  Henry  D\xA\eyJeMtopp, 
M.A.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Henry  Jessopp, 
formerly  of  Farmhill  house,  Essex,  to  Maria- 
Wilhelmina,  eldest  dau.  of  Jamea  Oalcutt,  esq. 


of  Coburg.— ^  At  Mossoorieon  the  Himalayas, 
Ludovick  Charles  Stewart,  esq.  surgeon,  94th 
Regt.  to  Emma.  dau.  of  George  Ray,  esq.  of 
Milton-next-Sittingbourne,  Kent. 

8.  At  Chester,  Neville  Parry,  esq.  only  son 
of  J.  B.  Parry,  esq.  QC.  to  Caroline,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rear-Adm.  Si r  Thomas  Ussher. 

10.  At  St.  Pancras  New  Church,  Frederick 
William  Ilutton,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Henry  William  Hutton,  esq.  of  Beverley,  to 
Sarah-Isabella,  younger  dau.  of  Charles  Cra- 

dock,  esq.  of  Burton  cresc. At  St  George's 

Hanover  so.  the  Hon.  Robert  Neville  Lavley, 
Capt.  Sd  Life  Guards,  second  son  of  the  late 
Lord  Wenlock,  to  Georgiana-Eraily.  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  Lord  Edward  Somerset. 

11.  At  Bath.  Otto  Courtin,  esq.  of  Maoheim, 
to  Maria-Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Sir  Edward  Barnes,  G.C.B. 

13.  At  St.  Marylebone,  Kenneth  Macleay, 
esq.  of  Keiss  castle,  co.  Caithness,  to  Jane, 
widow  of  G.  R.  Butcher,  esq.  of  Welbeck  st. 

15.  At  Exmouth,  Capt.  Browne,  9th  Inf. 
eldest  son  of  Major-Gen.  Sir  Henry  Browne, 
of  Bronwylfa,  Flintshire,  to  Frances-Mary- 
Anne,  only  dau.  of  Capt.  Parsons,  R.N. At 

Llanrian,  Francis  Green,  esq.  of  Park  Henry, 
Carmarth.  to  Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  John 
Harding  Harries,  esq.  of  Trevaccoon,  Pemb. 

16.  At  Chesharo  Bois,  Bucks,  the  Rev.  Mat- 
thew Anderion,  BA.  Curate  of  St.  Peter's. 
Derby,  to  Sophia-Jane,  only  dau.  of  the  late 

John  Turner,  esq.  of  Arundel. At  Adwell, 

Oxf.  the  Rev.  Frederick  f^fler,  second  son  of 
James  C  Fyler,  esq.  of  Henleton,  Dorset,  and 
Woodlands,  Surrey,  to  Charlotte,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Fane,  esq.  of  Wormsley. 

At  Edinburgh,  the  Rev.  J.   Wordsworth, 

Vicar  of   Brig^am,   Cumberland,   to    Helen, 

second  dau.  of  Donald  Ross, esq. At  Bough- 

ton-Monchelsea.  Kent,  the  Rev.  P.  B.  CoHingt, 
M.A.  of  PentricU.  Derb.  to  Elizabeth-Jane,  only 

dau.  of  John  Jackson  Bird,  esq. At  Walton- 

on-the-Hill,  Lane,  the  Rev.  J.  H.Jonet,  Fellow 
of  Jesus  college,  Cambridge,  and  Incumbent  of 
St.  Augustine's,  Liverpool,  to  Ann-Mary,  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  E.  Royds,  Rector  of  Brereton. 

At  St.  Michael's.  Chester,  the  Rev.  Henry 

Cunlifre,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Shiflhall.  Salop,  third 
son  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Robert  Cuoliffe,  Hart,  to 
Mary-Aiigusta,  only  dau.  of  Sir  James  Riddell, 
Bart,  of  Strontian  and  Ardnamurchan,  N.B. 

At  Dover,  Capt.  F.J.  PkiUott,  Royal  Welsh 

Fusiliers,  to  ."^lary-Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Robert  Gamble,  esq.  of  Wortham,  Suffolk. 

At  Seal,  Kent,  William  Talbot  Agar,  esq. 

of  Camden  Town,  to  Jessy-Harriet,  second 

dau.  of  Sir  Alex.  Crichton,  F.R.S. At  St. 

James's,  Gloucester,  the  Rev.  John  Emerit, 
M.A.  Perp.  Curate  of  that  Church,  to  Ann- 
Elizabeth,  secontldau.of  the  late  James  Helps, 

esq. At  Aberford,  Yorkshire,  theRev.Chas. 

Page  Eden,  Vicar  of  Alierford,  to  Isabella, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Landon,  Vicar 

of  Aberford. At  St.  Pancras,  John  Julius 

Stutzer,  M.A.  of  Glendalouph,  &c.  to  Frances- 
Albertine,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  James 
Fielding,  of  Catterall,  Lane. At  Hammer- 
smith, Mr.  J.  W.  Whelan,  of  Southampton,  to 
Laura-Catherine,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Joseph  CoUingwood,  esu.  of  Northampton,  and 

niece  of  Adm.  Sir  Hugli  Pigot,  KC.B. At 

Bradford,  Sam.  T.  Warren,  esq.  of  East  Dere- 
ham. Norfolk,  to  Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  William  Spence,  esq.  of  Malton,  Yorkshire. 

At  Christ  Church,  Marylebone,  Randolph 

Henry  Home,  esq.  of  SUines,  to  Catherine- 
Louisa,  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  William  Wyon, 

esq.  R.A.  of  Her  Majesty's  Mint. At  Don- 

nington,  Heref.  Tliomas  Evant,  esq.  of  Sufton 
Court,  to  Harriet,  dau.  ot  Richard  Webb,  esq. 
of  Donnington  hall. 

17.   At  Kelso,  N.B.  Charles-Bdward-BeUaiiSi 


1853.] 


Marriages. 


195 


only  son  of  the  Ute  Henry  Smedley,  esq.  bar- 
rister-at-law,  of  Westminster,  to  Mar^aret- 
Slorraonth,  only  dau.  of  Patrick  Wilson,  esq. 

banker,  of  Kelso. At  St.  George's  Hanover 

square,  William  Henry  Brodhurst,  esq.  Bengal 
Civil  Service,  eldest  son  of  W.  Brodhurst,  esq. 
of  Newark,  to  Lucy-Anne.  dau.  of  E.  G.  Halle- 
well,  esq.  of  Cheltenham. Richard  Z>e*/)arrf, 

esq.  of  Rathmolyon  house,  co.  Meath.  eldest 
son  of  W.  W.  Despard.  esq.  of  Donore,  Queen's 
county,  to  Charlottc-Mabelle,  only  dau.  of  Rev. 

H.   Burdett   Worthington.  of  Bedford. At 

Ilford,  William  Cote*u}orth,  esq.  sou  of  Robert 
Cotesworth,  esq.of  Walthamstow,  to  Adelaide, 
second  dau.  of  John  Davis,  esq.  of  Cranbrooke 

park,  Ilford. At  Forres,  John  Henry  JewAin- 

»on,  esq.  youngest  son  of  the  Kite  Bishop  of  St. 
David's,  to  Alice-Henrietta,  third  dau.  of  Sir 

William  Gordon  Cumming,  Bart. At  Scul- 

coates,  Hull.  John  Vessey  Machin^  esq.  of 
Gateford  hill,  Notts,  to  Delia,  dau.  of  J.  K. 

Watson,  esq.  of  Hull. At  St.  John's,  Notting 

hill,  John  ClerevauLx  Pentcick,  esq.  of  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, to  Ellen,  youngest  dau.  of 
William  Benning,  esq.  of  Fleet  street,  London, 
and  niece  of  the  late  T.  C.  Granger,  esq.  Q.C. 

18.  At  Teignmouth,  the  Rev.  G.  Thonuottt 
of  Dawlish,  to  Wilhelmina,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  General  Dilkes. 

19.  At  Plymouth,  William  Oakes,  esq.  of 
Hatch  court,  Som.  and  Shirland  house,  Derb. 
to  Sarah,  second  dau.  of  Capt.  Monday,  R.N. 
Plymouth. 

23.  At  All  Souls'  Langham  pi.  Capt.  Colin 
Campbell^  1st  Madras  Cav.  son  of  the  late  John 
Campbell,  esq.  of  Kinlock,  to  Amelia,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Sir  Archibald  Gal- 
loway,  KCB. At  Spondon.    Derb.    Adam 

Washington,  esq.  barrister-at-law.  of  Parley 
dale,  near  Matlock,  to  Frances- Richardson, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Roger  Cox.  esq.  of  Spondon 

hall. At  Hornsey,  James,  eldest  son  of  Wra. 

Bird,  esq.  of  Crouch  hall,  Hornsey,  to  Eliza- 
zabeth-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  Richard  Clay,  esq. 

of  Muswell  hill. At  Hull,  the  Rev.  G.  Batho 

Best,  Curate  of  Brandcsburton,  to  Eliza-Gill, 
second  dau.  of  John  Taylor,  esq.  of  Belle-vue- 

terrace. At  All  Saints',  Knightsbridge,  Jas. 

Baber,  esq.  of  Knightsbridge,  to  Mary- Kate, 
dau.  of  the  late  G.  femith,  esq.  R.E.  Gibraltar. 

24.  At  Wollaton,  Notts,  Capt.  Geo.  Thomp- 
son Wade,  13th  Light  Infantry,  youngest  son 
of  the  late  Col.  Hamlet  Wade,  C.B.  to  Caroline- 
Louisa- Henrietta,  eldest  dau.  of  Duncan  Da- 
vidson, esq.  of  Tulloch  castle,  and  granddau. 

of  the  late  Lord  MacdonaUl. At  Combrokc, 

Warwickshire,  the  Rev.  Francis  Litchfield, 
Rector  of  Farthinghoe,  Northamptonshire,  and 
of  Great  Linford,  Bucks,  to  Frances-Anne, 
second  dau.  of  Sylvester  Richmond,  esq.  late 
of  the  19th  Regiment. 

25.  At  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  the  Right 
Hon.  Ijord  de  Btaquiere,  to  Eleanor-Amelia, 
eldest  dau.  of  Sir  W.  G.  Hylton  Jolliffe,  Bart. 

MP. At  St.  Mary's  in  the  Castle,  Hastings, 

Coventry  Payne,  esq.  to  Harriet,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  John  Wright,  esq.  of  Wickham  pi. 

Essex. At  St.  James's,  Paddington,  Edward 

Morgan  Puddicombe,  esq.  of  Silverton,  Devon, 
to  LsabelLi-Zefinca.  younorest  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.   H.  T.  Cresswell,  Vicar   of  Creech  St. 

Michael,  Som, At  Eastbourne,  Henry  Alfred 

Pitman,  esq.  M.D.  Montague  pi.  Russell  sq.  to 
Frances,  only  dau.  of  Thomas  Wildman,  esq. 

of   Eastbourne. At   Edmonton,   Sampson 

Hanbury,  esq.  of  Rosemerryn,  near  Falmouth, 
second  son  of  Daniel  Bell  Hanbury,  esq.  of 
Clapham,  Surrey,  to  Emily,  eldest  dau.  of 
Richard  Booth  Smith,  esq.  of  Huxley,  Ed- 
monton. 

26.  At  Clifton,  Thomas,  eldest  son  of  Thos. 
Jacomb,  esq.  of  Kensington  park,  to  Jane, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  James  Gibbon,  esq. 
M.D.  of  Windsor  lodge,  Swansea. 


27.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Charles 
Lang,  M.D.  of  Bryanston  pi.  to  Sarah-Tatham, 
widow  of  Fred.  W.  Coe,  esq. At  Southamp- 
ton, Thomas,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Capt. 
Simpson,  R.N.  K.T.S.  to  Emily,  only  dau.  of 
the  late  Robert  Wightman,  esq.  M.D. 

30.  At  Brighton,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Brudenell 
Barter,  to  Barbara,  third  dau.  of  the  late  J.  S. 

Broadwood,   esq.  of   Lyne. Major   H.  W. 

Bunbury,  third  son  of  Sir  Henry  Bunbury, 
Bart,  to  Miss  Cecilia  Napier,  dau.  of  Lieut.- 

Gen.  Sir  George  Napier,  K.C.H. At  Epsom, 

the  Rev.  G.  B.  Lewis,  Curate  of  Chessington, 
to  Frances-Mary,  fifth  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
R.  C.  Hesketh,  Rector  of  St.  Dunstan's-in-the- 

East. At  Cropthorne,  Wore,  the  Rev.  C.  H. 

Steward,  Curate  of  More,  Salop,  to  Jane-Cor- 
bett,  only  dau.  of   Francis  Holland,  esq.  of 

Cropthorne  Court. At  Penboyr,  Carm.  W.  O. 

Bngstocke,  esq.  to  Emroeline,  youngest  dau. 

of  the  late  Oliver  Lloyd,  es(|.  Cardigan- 

At  Sellinge.  Kent,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Tyldcn,  of 
Lympne,  to  Ellen-Coates,  second  dau.  of  the 

Rev.  J.  W.  Bellamy,  of  Sellinge. At  Trinity, 

Westbourne  terr.  George  Frederick  Blumberg^ 
esq.  of  St.  Petersburg,  to  Rosalie-Susanna- 
Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  Ludwig  Blumberg,  esq.  of 

Palace  gardens,  Kensington At  Prettlewell, 

Essex,  John  Paton,  esq.  CE.  to  Eliza-Adling- 
ton,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  William  Henry 
Porter,  esq.  late  of  Wanstead,  and  niece  of  the 
late  G.  R.  Porter,  esq.  F.R.S. 

Lately.  At  Great  Bircham,  Norfolk,  Wm. 
Ryder  Durant,  esq.  of  Broomhill,  Teddington, 
to  Rosa  Le  Clerc,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
George  Steers  Faught.  of  Great  Bircham.—— 
At  St.  Michael's.  Chester  sq.  F.  S.  Tremlett, 
Lieut.  R.N.  only  son  of  Vice  Adm.  Tremlett, 
to  Ellen,  only  dau.  ofthe  late  Lieut.-Col.  George, 
H.E.I.C.S. 

Dec.  1.  At  Paddington,  Robert  Cooke,  esq. 
of  Scarborough,  eldest  son  of  Capt.  R.  Cooke, 
late  9th  Lancers,  to  Emily,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  John  Bury,  esq.  of  Scarborough. 

2.  At  Leominster,  the  Rev.  Vernon  George 
Guise,  Rector  of  Longhope,  Glouc.  fourth  son 
of  Gen.  Sir  John  Guise,  Bart,  to  Mary- Harriet, 
youngest  dau.  of  Robert  Lane,  esq.  ofthe  Rye- 
lands,  Heref. At  Sidbury,  Devon,  Thomas 

Charles  Darnell,  esq.  51st  Bengal  N.I.  youngest 
son  ofthe  Rev.  N.  W.  Darnell,  Rector  of  Stan- 
hope, to  Emily-Jane,  voungest  dau.  of  Major 
Charles  Fitzgerald,  H.E.I.C.S.  of  Mount  Edgar, 

near  Sidmouth. At  Niton,  Isle  of  Wight, 

Alexander  Mitchell  Innes,  esq.  eldest  son  of 
William  Mitchell  Innes,  esq.  of  Ayton  castle, 
Berwickshire,  to  Fanny-Augusta,  youngest  dau. 
ofthe  late  James  Vine,  esq.  of  Puckaster,  Isle 

of  Wight. At  St.  Mark's,  Surbiton,  the  Rev. 

W.  Brown,  Rector  of  Little  Hormead,  Herts, 
and  Fellow  of  St.  John's  coll.  Camb.  to  Frances, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Wheeler,  esq. 

of  Prestwicli,  Manchester. At  St.  Martin's- 

in-thc-fields,  Edwin  Cobbett,  esa.  of  Maryle- 
bone,  fourth  son  of  William  Cobbett,  esq.  of 
Siinbury,  to  Emily-xMary-Ann,  youngest  uau. 
of  the  late  Richard  Cobbett,  esq.  of  Northum- 
berland street  and  Esher. At  Whitchurch, 

Shropshire,  the  Rev.  Henry  H.  Price,  M.A. 
Perp.  Curate  of  Ash,  to  Frances-Selina,  only 

child  of  George  Corser,  esq.  of  Whitchurch. 

At  Brighton,  Alfred  Mather,  esq.  of  Brighton, 
to  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas 

Fuller,  esq.  Capt.   R.A.  of  Heathfield. At 

Edinburgh,  Sir  Henry  James  Seton  Steuart, 
Bart,  of  Allanton,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of 
Robert  Montgomery,  esq. 

4.  At  Oxford,  J.  C.  Stevens,  esq.  of  Willes- 
borough,  Kent,  to  Clara,  second  dau.  of  the 

late  Capt.  Emerton.R.N, At  Putney.R.R.W. 

Lingen,esq,  Assistant  Secretary  to  the  Commit- 
tee of  Privy  Council  on  Education,  to  Emma, 
second  dau.  of  Robert  Hutton,  esq.  of  Putoer 
|>ark. At  Paddington,  Robert  Peel  FUyd^ 


196 


Marriages. 


[Feb. 


esq.  third  son  of  Major-Gen.  Sir  Henry  Floyd, 
Bart,  to  Mary- Jane,  only  dau.  of  Henry  Carew, 

esq.  of  Ayshford,  Sidmouth. At  St.  George's 

Hanover  sq.  David,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
William  White,  esq.  of  H.M.  50th  Regt.  to 
Emma,  only  dau.  of  Alfred  Lavaletti,  esq.  of 

Tachbrook  street. At  Ribbesford,  Thomas 

Lambert  £fa/«,  esq.  of  Cleobury  Mortimer,  to 
Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  William  Bancks,  esq.  of 
the  Fir  Tree  house,  Bewdley. 

7.  At  Hitcham,  T.  W.  Wing,  esq.  of  West- 
horpe  lodge,  to  Eliza,  second  dau.  of  J.  Harper, 

esq.  of  Hitcham  hall. At  Harleston,  North- 

ampton,  Cecil  William  Foretter,  Lieut.-Col. 
52d  Regt.  second  son  of  the  late  Rev.  P.  Towns- 
hend  Forester,  D.D.  to  Henrietta-Maria,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  Adm.  the  Hun.  Sir  Robert 
Stopford,  and  widow  of  Lord  Henry  Russell. 

At  St.  Marylebone,  James  Buchanan,  esq. 

eldest  son  of  the  late  Archibald  Buchanan,  esq. 
of  Catrine  bank,  Avrshire,  to  Mary-Jane,  dau. 

of  the  late  David  Carruthers,  esq.  M.P. At 

Colchester,  Daniel  Meadow*,  esq.  of  Lowestoft, 
sixth  son  of  Daniel  Rust  Meadows,  esq.  of 
Burghersh  house,  Suffolk ,  to  Mary-Hamilton, 
only  dau.  of  John  Thomas  Hedge,  esq.  of  Reed 

hall,  Colchester. At  Stoke  Newington,  the 

Rev.  Henry  Bennett,  B.A.  Curate  of  Cranbrook, 
Kent,  to  Mary  Chiles,  younger  dau    of  Mr. 

Etherington,   of  Chatham. At   Charlton, 

Lieut,  and  Adjutant  Adolph  Hermann  Berger, 
28th  Prussian  Infantry,  eldest  son  of  Chevalier 
Berger,  to  Frances-Ehzabeth,  only  child  of  the 
late  Thomas  Clarke,  esq.  M.D. 

8.  At  Coolburst,  Sussex,  Henry  George 
Uddell,  esq.  M.P.  eldest  son  of  the  Hon.  Henry 
Liddell,  to  Mary-Diana,  only  child  of  the  late 

Orlando  Gunning  Sutton,  esq. At  St.  Peter's 

Eaton  sq.  John  Henry  Wyndham  King,  only 
son  of  John  King,  esq.  of  Grosvenor  pi.  and 
Coates  house,  Sussex,  to  Emily-Mary,  youngest 
dan.  of  Lady  Elizabeth  Dawson  and  the  late 

Hon.   Lionel   Dawson. At   Ardwick,   near 

Manchester,  Benjamin,  youngest  son  of  Thos. 
Weall,  esq.  of  Rickmanswortb,  Herts,  to  Eliza- 
beth, third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Alford, 
Rector  of  West  Quantoxhead,  Sum. 

9.  At  St.  Austell,  F.  Hicks,  esq.  to  Mary- 
Frances-Elizabeth-Graves,  only  dau.  of  Sir 
Joseph  Graves  Sawle. At  St.  James's,  West- 
minster, Lieut.-Col.  the  Hon.  Alex.  Gordon, 
second  son  of  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  to  Caro- 
line-Emilia-Mary, eldest  dau.  of  Sir  J.  F.  W. 

Herschel,   Bart. At  Marston,  the  Rev.  T. 

Norris,  of  Bradford,  to  Ann,  dau.  of  John  R. 
Beauchamp,  esq.  of  Coal  lane  house,  near 
Frome. At  Bathwick,  Bath,  John  White- 
head, esq.  barrister-at-law,  to  Jane-Phillippa- 
Baskerville,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  H.  H. 

Farmer,  esq.  of  Dunsinane,  co.  Wexford. 

At  Hooton  Pagnell,  the  residence  of  Arthur 
Saltmarshe,  esq.  G.  H.  Lang,  esq.  of  Overtoun, 
Dumbartonshire,  and  Great  George  st.  West- 
minster, to  Catherine-Elizabeth,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Christopher  Saltmarshe,  eso.  of 

Bath. At  Aston,   Herts,   William  Jcfteries 

Beckingsaie,  esq.  of  Newport,  Isle  of  Weight,  to 
Margaret-Elizabeth,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Woolley  Leigh  Bennett,  Rector  of  Water  Strat- 
ford, and  Foxcott,  co.  Bucks. At  Westcoat*s 

house,  Edinburgh,  James  Loftus  Martden,  esq. 
M.D.  of  Great  Malvern,  to  Mary-Lyon,  fourtli 
dau.  of  the  late  C.  Campbell,  esq.  of  Jura,  N.B. 
At  Horton,  Northamptonsh.  the  Rev.  Gran- 
ville Sykes  Howard  Vt/te,  Rector  of  Bourhton 
and  Pitsford,  firth  son  of  Gen.  Howard  Vyse, 
of  Stoke  place,  Sloueh,  Bucks,  to  Lilly-Anne, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Major  Gunning,  17th 

Nat.  Inf. At  Carmarthen,  the  Rev.  Thomas 

7%oma*,  Curate  of  St.  David's,  to  Elizabeth- 
Frances,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  D*  H. 

Saunders,  M.A.  Rector  of  Steynton.  Pemb. 

At  St.  George's,  Thomas  S.  Blacker,  esq.  of 
Armagh,  to  Frances-Mary-Anne,  dau..Of  th€ 


late  Thomas  Arthur  Forde,  esq.  of  Mountjoy 
sq.  Dublin. 

10.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  square,  Marsh 
NeUon  esq.  of  Charles  st.  St.  James's  sq.  to 
Julia-Satara,  youngest  dau.  of  Lieut.-Gen. 
Briggs,  F.R.S.of  Holly  lodge,  Lindfield,  Sussex. 

11.  At  Twerton,  Thomas  Leonard,  esq.  of 
London,  to  Ann,  widow  of  John  Collins,  esq. 

13.  At  Rawcliffe,  the  Rev.  M.  W.  Barttov, 
Incumbent  of  Rawcliffe,  to  Louisa,  eldest  dau. 

of  W.  P.  Ingram,  esq.  of  Rawcliffe. At  Drus- 

bnrg-on-the-Rhine,  the  Rev.  William  Itaae,  of 
Petcrsfield,  Hants,  to  Sarah-Margaret,  second 
dau.  of  Mr.  John  Porter,  of  Leighs  Priory, 

Essex. At    Edinburgh,  James   Warburton 

Beghie,  esq.  M.D.  to  Anna-Maria  Churchill, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Nevile  Reid,  esq.  of  Run- 
nymede,  Berks. 

14.  At  Southampton,  George  Henry  Erring- 
ton,  esq.  late  of  the  King's  Dragoon  Guards, 
eldest  son  of  George  Henry  Errington,  esa.  of 
Colchester,  to  Isabel-Lannette,  youngest  dau. 
of  John  Hopton  Forbes,  esq.  of  Merry  Oak, 

Hants. At  Worcester,   the  Rev.  Octavius 

Fox,  M.A.  Rector  of  Knightwick,  Wore, 
to  Maria-Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  J.  P.  Shep- 

pard,  esq.  of  Worcester. At  Scarborough, 

the  Rev.  John  Oates,  M.A.  Lincoln  college, 
Oxford,  Curate  of  Scarborough,  to  Harriette, 
dau.  of  Samuel  Wharton,  esq.  of  Scarborough. 

Robert  Reid  Kaliev,  esq.  M.D.  formerly  of 

Madeira,  to  Sarah-Poulton,  eldest  dau.  of  Wm. 

Wilson,  esq.  of  Highstead,  Torquay. At  St. 

Marylebone,  Edward  Bradford,  esq.  staff- 
surgeon  of  the  first-class,  to  Catherine,  fourth 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Wm.  Penny,  of  Foxhall, 

Essex. At  Great   Malvern,  Walter  Birch, 

esq.  Capt.  H.E.I.C.S.  to  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of 
Lieut.-Gen.  Birch,  CB.  Royal  Eng. At  Dub- 
lin, James  J.  Donovan,  esq.  son  of  the  late  Jas. 
Donovan,  esq.  of  Buckham  hill,  Sussex,  to 
Anne,  dau.  of  the  late  Geo.  Braddell,  esq.  of 

Prospect,  CO.  Wexford. At  Lamarsh,  Wm. 

Simons  i9Mpfon, esq.  of  Ilford,  to  Jane- Annette, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Piper  Par- 

menter,  of  Lamarsh  lodge. At  Kmgswin- 

ford,  Wordsley,  Staffordshire,  Henry  Smith, 
esq.  of  Harts  hill,  near  Dudley,  to  Marianne, 
only  dau.  of  Joseph  Webb,  esq.  of  Springfield, 
Wordsley. 

15.  At  St.  James's  Piccadilly,  W.  G.  Young, 
esq.  of  Hyde  park,  to  Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of 
C.  E.  Chandler,  esq.  late  of  Tewkesbury,  now 

of  Gravesend. At    Halifax,    Nova   Scotia, 

James  Somerville  Litte,  esq.  Surg.  R.  Art.  to 
Ellen,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Porter,  of  Alphing- 

ton,  Exeter,  Devon. At  Fleetwood,  Robert 

Landale,  esq.  of  Pitmedden,  Perthsh.  S.S.C., 
Edinburgh,  to  Mary,  dau.  of  John  Laidlay.  esq. 

Fleet  wood-on -Wy  re.  Lane. At  Shrewsbury, 

Salop,  Roderick  W.  Moore,  esq.  of  Clerkenwell, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  John  Moore,  esq.  of 
Calcutta,  to  Rebecca,  youngest  dau.  of  John 
Hall,  esq.  of  Shrewsbury. 

16.  At  Warwick,  the  Rev.  Arthur  Charles 
Copeman,  M.B.  Curate  of  St.  James's,  Bury 
St.  Edmund's,  to  Mary-Stephens,  eldest  dau. 

of  the  town   clerk,  James  Tibbits,  esq. 

At  Wirkswortb,  the  Rev.  John  Francis  Hurt, 
second  son  of  Major  Hurt,  to  Cecilia-Isabella, 
eldest  dau.  of  F.  Hurt,jun.  esq.  of  Hopton  hall. 

At  Manchester,  Captain  John   Bickerson 

Flanagan,  81st  Regt.  to  Mary-Anne,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Taylor,  esq. At  Ply- 
mouth, the  Rev.  George  Peake,\ichr  of  Ashtoii- 
jnxta-Birminghnm,  to  Maria-Sophia,  dau.  of 
the  late  H.  B.  Strangways,  esq.  of  Shapwick 
house,  near  Bridgwater. 

Jan.  11.  At  Ashby-de-la-Zouch,  the  Rev. 
Montague  Webtter,  second  son  of  J.  Webster, 
esq.  of^Penns,  Warwickshire,  to  Frances- Bar- 
bara, dau.  of  the  Rev.  Marmaduke  Vavasour, 
Vicar  of  Ashby-de-la-Zoach. 


197 


OBITUARY. 


Lord  Wjlloughby  de  Broke. 
Dec.  16.     At  Compton  Verney,  War- 
wickshire, in   his  80th  year,  the  Right 
Hon.  Henry  Peyto  Verney,  eighth  Baron 
Willoughby  de  Broke  (1492). 

He  was  the  second  son  of  John  sixth 
Lord  Willoughby  de  Broke,  one  of  the 
Lords  of  the  Bedchamber  to  King  George 
the  Third,  by  Lady  Jjonisa  North,  daughter 
of  Francis  first  Earl  of  Guilford,  K.G. 

He  was  a  member  of  Oriel  college,  Ox- 
ford, and  created  M.A.  May  8,  1792. 

He  succeeded  to  the  peerage,  Sept.  1, 
1820,  on  the  death  of  his  brother  John 
the  seventh  Lord,  who  was  unmarried. 

In  politics  lie  was  strictly  conservative  ; 
but  he  had  taken  little  or  no  part  in  public 
affairs  for  several  years  past.  He  was 
very  fond  of  mechanical  pursuits,  and  his 
time  was  principally  devoted  to  the  im- 
provement of  his  estat^,  and  he  was  re- 
puted as  one  of  the  richest  fundholders  of 
the  aristocracy.  Although  from  his  ad- 
vanced age  his  death  could  not  be  altogether 
unexpected,  he  had  been  as  well  as  usual 
on  the  day  before  his  death.  At  midnight 
a  change  was  perceived,  and  his  attendant 
found  him  speechless.  He  continued  in 
an  almost  unconscious  state  until  about 
two  o'clock  the  next  afternoon,  when  he 
breathed  his  last. 

He  married  on  the  3rd  of  March,  1829* 
Margaret,  third  daughter  of  Sir  John  Wil- 
liams, Bart,  of  Bodelvvyddan,  Flintshire, 
who  survives  him,  without  issue.  His 
lordship's  sister,  the  lion.  Louisa  Verney, 
married  in  1793  the  Rev.  Robert  Barnard, 
Rector  of  Lightliorne,  Warw.  and  Prebend- 
ary of  Winchester,  and  had  issue  Louisa, 
bom  on  the  24th  July,  1802,  married  to 
Joseph  Townsend,  esq.  of  Alveston  ;  and 
Robert  John  Barnard,  born  on  the  17th 
Oct.  1809,  in  whom  the  title  and  estates 
are  now  vested.  The  present  Lord  mar- 
ried in  1843  the  third  daughter  of  Major- 
Gen.  Thomas  William  Taylor,  C.B.  of 
Ogwell,  CO.  Devon,  late  Lieut. -Governor 
of  the  Royal  Military  College  at  Sand- 
hurst, and  has  issue  two  sons. 

The  body  of  the  late  Lord  was  deposited 
in  a  vault,  recently  constructed,  near  the 
chapel  at  Compton  Verney,  on  the  22nd 
December.  The  mourners  were  the  pre- 
sent Lord  and  his  eldest  son,  Sir  J.  H. 
Williams,  Bart.  Joseph  Townsend,  esq. 
Hugh  Williams,  esq.  with  his  two  sons, 
William  Williams,  esq.  the  Hon.  W.  O. 
Stanley,  Spencer  Lucy,  esq.  Aymer  Lucy, 
esq.  &c.  The  pall  was  borne  by  Sir  W. 
W.  Wynne,  Bart.  Colonel  North,  the  Rev. 
John  Lacy^  and  the  Rey.  H.  Townsend. 


A  numerous  body  of  tenantry  headed  the 
procession,  and  it  was  closed  by  about  two 
Ikundred  labourers  and  cottagers,  each  of 
whom  received  a  complete  suit  of  mourning. 

Rear-Adm.  Sir  Thos.  Troubridge, 
Bart.  C.B. 

Oct,  7.  In  Eaton-place,  Rear- Admiral 
Sir  Thomas  Troubridge,  Bart.  C.B.  Rear- 
Admiral  of  the  Red,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant 
of  the  county  of  Haddington. 

He  was  the  only  son  of  Admiral  Thomas 
Troubridge,  who  wad  created  a  Baronet  on 
the  30th  Nov.  1799,  for  his  important  naval 
services,  by  Miss  Frances  Richardson. 

He  entered  the  Navy,  Jan.  21,  1797,  as 
a  volunteer  on  board  the  Cambridge  74, 
guard-ship  at  Plymouth,  from  which  he 
was  discharged  in  April,  1799.     In  Jan. 

1801,  he  joined  as  a  midshipman  the 
Achille  74,  Capt.  George  Murray,  with 
whom  he  continued,  employed  in  the 
Channel  and  Baltic,  in  the  Edgar  74,  and 
London  98,   until    transferred    in   May, 

1802,  to  the  Leander  50,  Captain  James 
Oughton.  In  the  Edgar  he  was  engaged 
in  the  battle  of  Copenhagen,  fought  on 
the  *20th  April,  1801.  In  July,  1803,  he 
was  received  on  board  the  Victory  100, 
flag- ship  of  Lord  Nelson,  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean ;  whence,  in  Aug.  1804,  he  removed 
to  the  Narcissus  32,  Capt.  Ross  Donnelly, 
which  he  left  in  Feb.  following. 

In  Feb.  1805,  he  was  made  a  Lieutenant 
of  the  Blenheim  74,  bearing  his  father's 
flag  in  the  East  Indies ;  and  in  the  follow- 
ing month  he  became  acting  Commander 
of  the  Harrier  18.  In  July  of  that  year 
he  assisted  in  the  destruction  of  the  Dutch 
brig  Christian-Elizabeth  of  8  guns,  under 
the  fort  of  Manado,  at  the  capture  of  the 
Belgica  of  12  guns,  and  in  an  action  with 
a  Dutch  squadron,  consisting  of  the  Pallas 
frigate,  Vittoria  and  Batavia  Indiamen, 
and  William  corvette,  of  which  the  last 
only  escaped  capture.  In  the  following 
month  he  was  made  acting  Captain  of  the 
Macassar  frigate,  and  in  November  of  the 
Greyhound,  his  commission  as  Commander 
bearing  the  intermediate  date  of  Sept.  5, 
1806. 

On  the  12th  Jan.  1807,  his  father  left 
Madras  in  the  Blenheim,  accompanied  by 
the  Java  frigate  and  Harrier  brig,  for  the 
purpose  of  assuming  the  chief  command  at 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  Blenheim 
and  Java  parted  company  from  the  Har- 
rier on  the  night  of  the  Ist  Feb.  daring  a 
violent  gale,  and  were  not  afterwardi  heard 
of.  Capt.  Troubridge,  in  the  Greyhound, 
vainly  cruized  in  quest  of  his  father  daring 


198     Sir  J.  Wallis  Hoare,  Bt.—Sir  T.  J.  de  Trqffbrd,  Bt.      [Feb. 


the  greater  part  of  the  year,  and  in  Jan. 
1808,  invalided  home,  having  been  ad- 
Tanced  to  the  rank  of  Post  Captain  on  the 
28th  Nov. 

From  Feb.  1813,  to  May,  1815,  Sir 
Thomas  Troubridge  commanded  the  Ar- 
mide  38,  which,  assisted  by  the  Endy- 
mion  40,  on  the  15th  August,  1814,  cap- 
tured the  Herald  American  privateer  of  17 
guns,  and  the  following  day  the  Invincible 
of  16  guns.  During  the  operations  against 
New  Orleans  he  commanded  as  senior 
officer  of  the  naval  brigade,  and  his  ser- 
vices were  acknowledged  in  the  Gazette. 

On  the  15th  April,  1831,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  Stag  46,  which  he  com- 
manded, on  particular  service,  until  Oct. 
1832.  On  the  30th  June,  1831,  he  was 
appointed  a  Naval  Aide-de-camp  to  King 
William  the  Fourth,  and  he  retained  the 
same  appointment  to  her  present  Majesty 
until  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Rear- Ad- 
miral in  1841. 

At  the  general  election  of  1831  he  was 
returned  to  Parliament  for  the  port  of 
Sandwich,  for  which  he  sat  until  the  disso- 
lution in  1847,  having  been  rechosen  on 
five  occasions;  on  three  of  which  there  was 
an  opposition,  but  the  influence  of  govern- 
ment (the  "Whigs  being  in  power)  always 
carried  the  poll  in  his  favour. 

In  April,  1835,  he  obtained  a  seat  at  the 
board  of  Admiralty,  but  he  resigned  that 
appointment  in  Aug.  1841,  for  the  com- 
mand of  the  Formidable  84,  fitting  for  the 
Mediterranean.  He  was  advanced  to  his 
flag  on  the  23d  Nov.  following,  since  which 
date  he  had  been  on  half-pay.  He  had 
been  nominated  a  Companion  of  the  Bath, 
July  20,  1838. 

He  married  Oct.  18,  1810,  Anna-Maria, 
daughter  of  Admiral  the  Hon.  Sir  Alex- 
ander Forrester- Inglis- Cochrane,  G.C.B. 
and  has  left  issue.  His  son  and  heir,  now 
Sir  Inglis-Cochrane  Troubridge,  was  born 
in  1816. 


Hoare,  esq.  who  married  in  1834  Helen, 
eldest  daughter  of  Henry  A.  Hardman, 
esq.  of  Mount  Hardman,  Grenada,  and 
has  issue;  and  4.  John-Willoughby,  of 
the  13th  Bombay  Native  Infantry,  who 
married  in  1840  Jane-Ellis,  eldest  daughter 
of  Lieut-Colonel  Charles  Payne.  The 
daughters:  1.  Sarah-Maria- Clotilda,  mar- 
ried in  1824  to  Robert  Carrick  Carrick- 
Buchanan,  esq.  of  Drnmpellier,  co.  Lanark, 
and  has  issue ;  2.  Harriet,  married  in  1826 
to  the  late  Hurt  Sitwell,  esq.  of  Furney 
Hall,  CO.  Salop,  and  left  a  son,  Willoughby 
Hurt  Sitwell;  3.  Mary,  married  in  1832 
to  Charles  Foster,  esq.  R.N.  and  died  in 
1836;  4.  Katherine-Diana  ;  5.  Sophia; 
and  6.  Fanny- Rosalie. 

The  present  Baronet,  Sir  Edward  Hoare, 
was  born  in  1801,  and  married  in  1824 
the  second  daughter  and  coheir  of  Thomas 
Hercey  Barritt,  esq.  of  Garbrand  Hall, 
Ewell,  Surrey,  by  whom  he  has  issue. 


Sir  Joseph  Wallis  Hoare,  Bart. 

Nov,  26.  At  Brussels,  aged  79,  Sir 
Joseph  Wallis  Hoare,  the  third  Bart. 
(1784)  of  Anuabell,  co.  Cork. 

He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Edward 
the  second  Baronet,  M.P.  for  Carlow,  by 
Clotilda, second  daughter  of  William  Wallis, 
eso.  of  Ballycrenan  Castle,  co.  Cork. 

He  married,  April  11, 1800,  Lady  Har- 
riet O'Bryen,  third  and  youngest  sister  of 
the  present  Marquess  of  Thomond  ;  and 
by  her  ladyship,  who  died  in  1851,  he  bad 
issue  four  sons  and  six  daughters.  The 
former  were — 1  Sir  Edward,  his  successor; 
2.  William  O'Bryen  Hoare,  esq.  who 
married  in  1834  Caroline,  daughter  of  John 
Hornby,  esq.  of  the  Hook,  Hampshire, 
•nd  has  issue;   3.  Joseph  Jamei  Pariah 


Sir  T.  J.  db»Trafford,  Bart. 

Nov.  10.  At  TraflFord  Park,  Lanca- 
shire, aged  74,  Sir  Thomas  Joseph  de 
Trafford,  Bart,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of 
that  county. 

He  was  the  eldest  surviving  son  of  the 
late  John  Trafford,  esq.  of  Croston  and 
Trafford,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Ste- 
phen Walter  Tempest,  esq.  of  Broughton, 
Yorkshire. 

He  succeeded  to  the  family  estates  on 
the  death  of  his  father  in  1815  ;  and  served 
the  office  of  Sheriff  of  Lancashire  in  1834. 
He  was  created  a  Baronet  by  patent  dated 
in  August  1841,  and  in  October  of  the 
same  year  received  a  royal  licence  to  alter 
the  orthography  of  his  name  to  De  Trafford. 

He  married,  on  the  17th  August  1803, 
Laura-Anne,  third  daughter  and  coheir 
of  Francis  Colman,  esq.  of  Hillersdon,  co. 
Devon,  and  by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the 
33nd  of  October  last,  aged  1^^  he  had  issue 
five  sons  and  nine  daughters.  The  former 
were, — 1.  Humphrey  de  Trafford,  his  suc- 
cessor, born  in  1808,  and  unmarried  ;  2. 
Thomas- William,  who  died  in  1844,  in  his 
21st  year;  3.  John  Randolphus  de  Traf- 
ford, esq.  bom  in  1820,  who  married  in 
1850  Lady  Adelaide  Cathcart,  daughter  of 
Earl  Cathcart;  4.  Charles- Cecil;  5.  Au- 
gustus-Henry, late  of  the  Ist  Dragoons. 
The  daughters: — 1.  Elizabeth -Jane,  who 
died  Sept.  1813,  aged  9  ;  2.  Laura- Anne, 
married  in  1845  to  Thomas  William  Riddell, 
esq.  of  Felton,  Northumberland  ;  3.  Je- 
mima, married  in  1829  to  her  cousin  Henry 
Tempest,  esq.  second  son  of  the  late 
Stephen  Tempest,  esq.  of  Broughton  ;  4. 
Maria,  died  May  9th,  1826,  aged  15 ;  5. 
Jane-Seymour,  married  in  1842  to  George 
Arthur  Shee,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Sir  Martin 


1853.]  Obituary. — Admiral  Sir  Thomcu  Briggs. 


199 


Archer  Shee,  late  President  of  the  Royal 
Academy;  6.  Caroline,  married  in  1838 
to  Wm.  Gerard  Walmesley,  esq.  of  West- 
wood,  CO.  Lane.  ;  7.  Sybilla- Catherine, 
married  in  1843  to  the  Rev.  John  Spar- 
ling, third  son  of  William  Sparling,  esq.  of 
Petton  Park,  Shropshire;  8.  Belinda  ;  and 
9.  Harriet. 


Adm.  Sir  Thomas  Briggs. 

Dec.  16.  At  the  Admiralty  House, 
Portsmouth,  aged  73,  Admiral  Sir  Thomas 
Briggs,  6.C.M.G.,  Commander. in- Chief 
of  that  port. 

Sir  Thomas  Briggs  was  the  only  son  of 
Stephen  Briggs,  esq.  Chief  Surgeon  at 
Madras,  by  Magdalene,  youngest  daughter 
of  James  Pasley,  esq.  of  Craig,  county  of 
Dumfries,  brother  to  Adm.  Sir  T.  Pasley, 
who  died  in  1808,  and  uncle  to  the  present 
Rear- Adm.  Sir  T.  S.  Pasley.  He  entered 
the  navy  Sept.  10,  1791,  as  first-class 
volunteer,  on  board  the  Bellerophon  74, 
commanded  by  his  uncle  Capt.  Pasley, 
whom  he  soon  afterwards  accompanied, 
as  midshipman,  into  the  Vengeance  74, 
lying  in  the  river  Medway.  From  April 
1793  until  the  year  1798  he  was  attached, 
under  Capt.  C.  Tyler,  to  the  Meleager  32, 
Diadem  64,  and  L'Aigle  frigate,  and  par- 
ticipfited  during  that  period  in  the  opera- 
tions against  Toulon  and  Corsica  in  1 793-4, 
and  in  Uotham's  partial  actions  of  the 
14th  March  and  13th  July,  1795.  Having 
been  confirmed  in  the  rank  of  Lieutenant 
on  the  28th  Sept.  1797,  he  was  removed 
to  the  Ville  de  Paris  110,  the  flag-ship  off 
Lisbon  of  Earl  St.  Vincent,  and  he  shortly 
afterwards  joined  the  Princess  Royal  98, 
bearing  the  flag  of  Rear-Adm.  T.  L. 
Frederick  off  Cadiz.  On  the  10th  July, 
1799,  he  assumed  the  acting  command  ojf 
the  Salamine  16,  to  which  sloop  he  was 
officially  appointed  June  30,  1800,  and 
assisted  in  the  reduction  of  Genoa.  On 
the  21st  Jan.  1801,  in  company  with  the 
Caroline  36,  he  captured  a  xebec  laden 
with  arms,  and  mounting  4  guns,  with  a 
crew  of  24  men.  He  next  engaged  in 
the  expedition  under  Lord  Keith  and  Sir 
Ralph  Abercromby,  for  his  services  during 
which  he  obtained  the  Turkish  gold  medid 
and  the  Order  of  the  Crescent,  and  was 
promoted  to  post  rank  by  commission 
dated  the  24th  of  July  in  the  same  year. 

His  succeeding  appointments  afloat 
were,  in  August  following,  to  the  Madras 
54,  flag-ship  of  Sir  Richard  Bickerton  off 
Alexandria  ;  in  1802  to  the  Agincourt  64, 
on  the  Mediterranean  and  Home  stations  ; 
and  on  the  14th  Dec.  1805,  to  the  Or- 
pheus  32,  in  which  he  captured  on  the 
25th  Sept.  and  12th  Nov.  1806,  the  priva- 
teers  Goadaloupe,  of  3  guns  and  54  men, 
aod  Susannah  I  of  4  gunt  and  20  men,  and 


was  subsequently  wrecked  on  the  coral 
reef  of  Jamaica,  on  the  23d  Jan.  1807, 
when  he  was  personally  rescued  off  the 
bowsprit  of  his  ship  by  the  present  Lieut. 
Henry  Belsey,  in  a  boat  belonging  to  the 
Elephant  74. 

On  the  27th  April,  1808,  Capt.  Briggs 
was  appointed  to  the  temporary  command 
of  the  Theseus  74,  off  T  Orient ;  on  the 
7th  of  Nov.  in  the  same  year  to  the  Clo- 
rinde  38,  on  the  East  India  station,  where 
he  took,  on  the  28th  Jan.  1810,  THenri 
privateer,  of  8  guns  and  57  men,  and 
proved  of  material  service  in  disembarking 
the  troops  at  the  reduction  of  the  Isle  of 
France  in  Dec.  1810,  and  was  next  em- 
ployed in  the  China  Sea;  in  Oct.  1814,  to 
the  Leviathan  74,  which  ship,  after  serving 
on  the  Lisbon,  Cork,  and  Mediterranean 
stations,  was  paid  off  on  the  19th  July, 
1816  ;  and  on  the  loth  May,  1818,  to  the 
Queen  Charlotte  100,  as  Flag  Captain  at 
Portsmouth  to  Sir  George  Campbell,  with 
whom  he  continued  until  Feb.  1821. 

In  1823  Captain  Briggs  was  nominated 
Resident  Commissioner  of  the  Navy  at 
Bermuda.  He  removed  to  Malta  in  1829; 
attained  the  rank  of  Rear- Admiral  on  the 
27  th  June,  1832 ;  and  was  appointed 
about  the  same  period  Superintendent  of 
Malta  Dockyard,  where  he  remained  until 
1838,  having  received  in  1833  the  grand 
cross  of  the  order  of  St.  Michael  and  St. 
George  for  his  services  in  the  temporary 
command  of  the  Mediterranean  squadron. 
He  was  made  a  Vice- Admiral  on  the  23d 
Nov.  1841 ;  Admiral,  Sept.  2,  1850 ;  wai 
appointed  Commander-in-Chief  of  Ports- 
mouth on  the  18th  Sept.  1851,  and  hoisted 
his  flag  on  board  the  Victory  as  successor 
to  Admiral  Sir  Thomas  Bladen  Capel  on 
the  1st  of  October  following.  In  this 
capacity  he  was  most  active  in  the  discharge 
of  his  duties,  and  might  be  seen  every  day 
in  the  dockyard.  His  hospitality  and 
benevolence  were  widely  extended,  and  he 
was  as  much  beloved  in  the  social  circlo 
as  he  was  universally  respected  in  the  navy. 

His  remains  were  conveyed  to  the  Ken- 
sal-green  Cemetery  for  private  interment 
in  the  same  vault  that  contained  those  of 
his  late  wife.  Captain  Martin,  his  son- 
in-law,  and  Flng  Captain,  and  Mr.  Trip- 
hook,  his  secretary  and  executor,  accom- 
panied the  body  to  London. 

Sir  Thomas  Briggs  married,  in  1814, 
Isabella-Harriet,  daughter  of  General  Tre- 
paud,  and  had  issue  three  sons,  of  whom 
the  eldest,  George-Campbell,  died  a  Lieut. 
R.N.  in  1845.  His  daughter,  Isabella- 
Harriet,  is  married  to  Capt.  George  Bohun 
Martui,  R.N.,  C.B.  nephew  to  the  late  Sir 
George  Martin,  G.C.B.  Admiral  of  the 
Fleet. 


200  Lt.'Gen.  Clitherow,  KC—Lt-Gen.  Shuldham,         [Feb. 

Sir  William  Anderson,*  Bart,  of  Kilnwick 
Percy,  Yorkshire,  and  Lea  Hall,  Lincoln- 
shire. 

He  was  nominated  a  cadet  in  the  Bombay 
establishment  in  April  1797 ;  became 
Colonel  of  the  25th  Native  Infantry  Sept. 
8,  1826;  and  a  Lieut.-General  in  18  .  . 
He  was  for  some  years  Quartermaster- 
general  at  Bombay. 

After  returning  to  Ireland,  he  became  a 
constant  resident  on  his  estate,  and  spent  in 
his  neighbourhood  the  income  that  he  de- 
rived from  it,  benefiting  the  population  not 
only  by  the  employment  which  he  gave,  but 
by  those  attentions  to  their  wants  in  suffer- 
ing and  sickness  which  are  so  often  needed 
by  the  poor.  Famine  and  pestilence  found 
him  at  his  post,  feeding  the  hungry  and 
succouring  the  ailing,  and  entitling  him- 
self  to  a  place  in  the  grateful  recollection 
of  the  survivors  of  those  terrible  visita- 
tions. A  poor-law  guardian  and  a  ma- 
gistrate, he  was  blameless  in  the  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  each  office ;  and  indeed  in 
the  several  relations  of  an  active  though 
unobtrusive  life  he  set  an  example  which, 
if  followed  by  all  of  similar  position,  could 
not  fail  to  have  a  beneficial  effect  on  our 
social  condition. 

General  Sbuldham  married  Nov.  3, 
1816,  Harriett-Bonar,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Rundell,  esq.  and  had  issue:  1.  Harriet 
Katherine,  bom  Oct.  28,  1823,  recently 
married  to  Lord  Carbery ;  2.  Edmund 
Anderson,  born  at  Bombay,  May  12, 1826  ; 
3.  Leopold-Arthur- Francis,  born  at  Flo- 
rence, July  25th.  1828;  and  4.  William- 
Monckton,  born  1829,  who  is  deceased. 


Lieut.-Gen.  Clitherow,  K.C. 

Oct.  li.  At  Boston  House,  Middlesex, 
in  his  70th  year,  Lieut. -General  John 
Clitherow,  K.C.,  Colonel  of  the  67th  Foot. 

General  Clitherow  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Christopher  Clitherow,  esq.  of  Bird's  Place, 
in  Essenden,  co.  Hertford,  by  Anne,  only 
surviving  daughter  of  Gilbert  Jodrell,  esq. 

He  was  appointed  Ensign  in  the  3d 
foot  guards  Dec.  19,  1799;  Lieutenant 
and  Captain  Feb.  24,  1803;  Captain  and 
Lieut. -Colonel  Oct.  8,  1812.  He  served 
the  Egyptian  campaign  of  1801,  and  re- 
ceived its  medal ;  the  expedition  to  Hano- 
ver in  1805,  and  that  to  Walcheren  in 
1809.  In  Dec.  1809  he  proceeded  to  the 
Peninsula,  where  he  was  present  in  the 
battle  of  Busaco,  and  severely  wounded  in 
that  of  Fuentes  d*Onor,  and  in  consequence 
he  came  home.  He  rejoined  before  the 
battle  of  Salamanca,  in  which  he  was  en- 
gaged ;  and  was  again  wounded  at  the 
siege  of  Burgos,  and  obliged  to  return. 
In  1815  he  served  in  France. 

He  attained  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  1821, 
that  of  Major- General  in  1830,  and  that 
of  Lieut.-General  in  1841.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  command  of  the  67th  regi- 
ment on  the  loth  Jan.  1844. 

On  the  death  of  his  cousin-german 
James  Clitherow,  esq.  Colonel  of  the  West 
Middlesex  Militia,  on  the  12th  Oct.  1841, 
he  succeeded  to  the  representation  of  that 
ancient  family, — the  only  family,  we  be- 
lieve, of  any  antiquity  in  Middlesex,  having 
first  fettled  at  Boston  House  in  the  parish 
of  Brentford  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  in 
the  person  of  James  Clitherow,  esq.  who 
was  the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Christopher 
Clitherow,  Lord  Mayor  in  1636,  and  one 
of  the  citizens  in  Parliament  for  the  City. 

The  General  married  first,  in  Jan.  1809, 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Lieut.. General  Burton, 
of  North  Cave,  co.  York,  by  whom  he 
had  issue  John  Christie  Clitherow,  bom 
in  Dec.  1809,  Capt.  and  Lieut.- Colonel  in 
the  Coldstream  Guards  ;  and  secondly,  in 
1825,  Millicent,  eldest  daughter  of  Charles 
Pole,  esq.  of  Wyck  Hill  House,  co.  Glou- 
cester, and  sister  to  Lieut.-Col.  Arthur 
Cunliffe  Pole,  Lieut. -Colonel  of  the  63d 
Foot. 


Lieut.-General  Shuldham. 

Nov.  17.  At  Dunmanway,  co.  Cork, 
aged  73,  Edmund  William  Shuldham,  esq. 
a  Lieut.-General  in  the  East  India  Com- 
pany's service. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Arthur  Lemuel 
Shuldham,  esq.  of  Dunmanway,  who  for 
many  years  re.-idcd  at  Deer  Park,  co. 
Devon,  was  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  that 
county,  and  Lieut.  Colonel  of  the  East 
Devon  Yeomanry  Cavalry.  His  mother 
was  Katharine  Maria,  daughter  of  the  late 
11 


Major-General  T.  F.  Addison. 

Nov.  11.  Suddenly,  at  the  Green  Dragon 
hotel,  Bishopsgate-street -Within,  in  his 
80th  year,  Thomas  Fenn  Addison,  esq.  of 
Chilton  Lodge,  Suffolk,  a  Major-General 
in  the  army,  and  a  magistrate  for  the 
counties  of  Suffolk  and  Essex. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  John  Addison, 
esq.  of  Sudbury,  banker,  (who  died  in 
1821,  aged  eighty-three,)  by  Mary  eldest 
daughter  of  Thomas  Fenn,  esq.  also  of 
Sudbury,  banker,  Receiver-general  of  the 
land-tax  for  Suffolk. 

He  was  appointed  Comet  in  the  Ist 
dragoon  guards.  May  4,  1800  ;  Lieutenant 
in  1802,  and  Captain  Dec.  24,  1803.  In 
1805  he  was  Aide-de-camp  to  Lieut.-Gen. 
Sir.  J.  Pulteney,  who  commanded  in  the 
Eastern  district ;  and  after  that  officer's 
retirement  from  the  staff  he  was  appointed 
Major  of  Brigade  to  the  troops  in  the  same 
district,  and  performed  the  duty  of  Assist- 
ant Adjutant-general  in  the  absence  of  a 
senior  officer.  In  1811  he  became  Military 
Secretary  to  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  J.  C.  Sher- 
brooke,  and  accompanied   him   to  Nova 


1853.]  M.-Gen,  Addison. ~M.- Gen,  Cauifeild.—Adm.  Black.      201 

He  first  oon tested  the  borough  of  Ahiog* 
don  in  Jiily^  l«-t5*  {^pposiog  the  re-election 
of  Sir  Frederic  Thesiger,  then  flppoiated 
Attorney  -  General.  Sir  Frederic  wh& 
elected  by  15G  vi>te$  to  12G,  Again^  at  the 
general  electioa  of  1B47,  the  Bivme  parties 
were  competitors,  and  Sir  Frederic  re- 
tained his  seat  only  by  a  majority  of  two, 
polling  153  votes  to  lal.  At  the  recent 
general  election  Major -General  Caulfeild 
WR8  returned  for  Abingdon  without  oppo- 
sition, hut  he  did  not  take  his  seat«  dying 
on  the  day  of  the  fir&t  aisembling  of  Par- 
Hainent. 


Scotiai  exchanging  at  that  time  to  the 
100th  Foot,  which  was  then  serving  in 
North  America.  He  obtained  the  brevet 
rank  of  Major,  Juno  I,  1814;  and  in 
September  of  that  year  went  with  Sir  J.  C. 
Sherbrooke  in  the  expedition  to  the  Pe- 
nobscot, which  took  possession  of  the  forta 
and  tower  of  Cftstiue,  Macchia,  &c.  and 
also  destroyed  the  American  frigate  Adam», 
tie  was  sent  home  with  the  despatches  on 
that  occasion,  and  in  coojaequence  received 
the  brevet  of  Lt.XoloQei,  Oct.  l,i»  1814, 

In  1816  he  accompanied  Sir  J.  C.  Sher- 
brooke^ as  Military  Secretary,  to  Quebec, 
when  that  officer  wag  appointed  Goveroor- 
Ln- chief,  and  Commander  of  the  Forces^  in 
British  Nortli  America*  He  retired  on 
the  half-pay  of  a  Captain  of  the  94th  Foot. 
He  attained  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  1837 > 
and  that  of  Major-General  in  1846. 

He  married  June  I,  IBOI^  Jane,  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  Gibbon,  esq.  of  Kettering, 
CO.  Northampton,  and  had  issue  one  son 
and  four  daughters.  His  son,  John  Charles 
Addison,  esq.  died  in  164(1,  having  mar- 
ried Anna,  youngest  daughter  of  Francis 
Ere  win,  esq.  Tlie  daughters  were:  1, 
Marjr  married  in  1835  to  John  HeDneH, 
esq.  of  Chapel  en  le  Frith,  co.  Derby  ;  3. 
Caroline;  L  Emma,  married  in  1832  to 
John  AddisoU;,  esq.  of  Boroughb ridge,  co< 
Somerset ;  and  4.  Susan,  married  in  1832 
to  Jofieph,  second  son  of  the  Rev.  John 
Savtll,  of  Colchester. 

An  inquest  was  held  upon  General  Ad- 
dlson^s  body,  and  the  verdict  was  "  Natu- 
ral  death  from  an  affection  of  the  cheat  or 
heart,  and  decay  of  nature." 


Major-Genkral  Caulfeild,  M.P. 

Nop.  4.  At  Cops  wood,  co.  Limerick, 
aged  67 1  James  Caulfeild,  esq.  Major- 
General  in  the  East  Indian  army,  a  Di" 
rector  of  the  East  India  Company,  and 
M.P.  for  Abingdon. 

He  waa  the  seventh  and  youngest  son  of 
the  Ven,  John  Caulfeild,  Archdeacon  of 
Kilmore,  by  Euphemia  Gordon  of  Ken- 
mure,  co.  Dumfries.  He  was  appointed  a 
cadet  ontlie  BcQgal  establishment  in  17J»R, 
and  was  attached  to  the  9th  Regiment  of 
Light  Cavalry,  of  which  he  became  Lieut.- 
Colonel  in  1829.  He  served  for  seventeen 
years  on  military  duties,  during  which  he 
was  frequently  actively  employed  in  the 
field  ;  and  subsequently,  in  the  political 
department,  he  was  engaged  for  twenty 
years  in  situations  of  great  trust  and  re- 
sponsibility, in  the  exercise  of  judicial  and 
fiscal  functions.  He  was  for  some  time 
resident  with  the  Mysore  princes  as  super- 
intendent. General  Caulfeild  was  elected 
a  Director  of  the  East  India  Company  in 
1848,  after  having  been  a  candidate  from 
July,  184K 

G«NT,  Mao.  Vol,  XXXIX. 


REAa-AoMiEAL  Black. 

Nov*  6.  At  Ormesby,  near  Yarmouth, 
in  his  BSnd  year,  WiLlliam  Blacky  eaq.  re- 
tired Rear-Admiral  in  her  Majeaty'a  Navy. 

This  veteran  officer  had  aeen  consider* 
able  service.  He  was  midahipmaa  on 
board  the  Leviathan,  at  Toulon,  in  Lord 
Howe's  action  ;  and  of  the  Sans  Pareil  in 
Lord  Brid port's.  He  was  acting  Liente' 
nant  of  the  Unite  at  the  taking  of  Surinam 
in  l79Ri  and  from  that  year  to  1801  com- 
manded the  tender  to  Saus  Pareil,  in  the 
West  Indies,,  where  be  captured  several 
privateers,  fn  the  action  oil'  Ferrol,  in 
I805p  he  was  senior  Lieutenant  of  the 
^olua.  In  the  year  1806  he  was  senior 
Lieutenant  of  the  Egyptienne,  and  captured 
with  her  boats  a  letter  of  marque  of  supe- 
rior force,  on  the  coast  of  Spain.  At  Co- 
penhagen, in  the  year  1807,  be  was  senior 
of  the  Cambrian;  in  1808  he  was  Hag- 
Lieutenant  of  the  Polyphemus  84  on  the 
Jamaica  station ;  and  from  1809  to  1814 
he  commanded  the  Racoon.  He  was  also 
employed  on  the  north-west  coa»t  of  Ame- 
rica. He  was  advanced  to  post  rank 
June  7,  1814  ;  and  on  the  !Hh  Oct.  184G, 
was  placed  on  the  List  of  retired  Rear- 
Admirals. 


Edward  Knight,  Esct* 
JVoi'.  19*  At  Godmershum  Park,  Kent, 
aged  85,  Edward  Knight,  esq.  of  that 
place,  and  of  Cbawton  House,  Hampshire. 
He  was  the  second  son  of  the  Rev. 
George  Austen,  Rector  of  Steventon, 
Hampshire,  by  Cas^andrn,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Leigh,  Rector  of 
Harpsden,  Oxfordshire.  His  youngest 
brother^  Admiral  Charles  John  Austen, 
who  Ims  recently  died  in  India^  will  form 
the  subject  of  an  article  in  our  next 
Obituary.  One  of  his  sisters,  Miss  Jane 
Austen,  was  the  author  of  **  Pride  and 
Pr^udice^**  and  other  popular  novels. 

In   1794  he  became   jMissessed  of  the 

estates  of  Chawton  and  Godmeriham  by 

bet|iiest  of  his  cousin  Thomas  Knight,  esq. 

whose  mother  was  Jane,  eldest  daughter 

ID 


202  E.  Knight,  Esq. — C.  Swetenham,  Esq. — J.M.CrippSyEsq.  [Feb. 


and  coheir  of  William  Monk,  esq.  of 
Buckenham,  Sussex,  by  Hannah,  daughter 
and  coheir  of  Stephen  Stringer,  esq.  of 
Goudhurst,  and  Jane  Austen  his  wife. 

The  family  of  Knight  became  extinct  in 
the  original  male  line  in  1679;  and  the 
name  has  since  been  assumed  on  four  dif- 
ferent occasions, — by  Richard  Martin,  esq. 
by  Christopher  Martin  his  brother,  by 
Tliomas  May,  esq.  (originally  Broadnax,) 
and  by  the  subject  of  this  memoir. 

By  all  classes  in  the  immediate  neigh- 
bourhood of  Godmersham  Park  Mr.  Knight 
was  highly  respected  for  his  charity  to  those 
who  stood  in  need,  for  his  conduct  to  his 
numerous  tenantry,  and  the  affability  shown 
to  all  with  whom  he  was  brought  in  con- 
tact, either  in  matters  connected  with 
business  or  friendship. 

He  married,  in  1791,  Elizabeth,  third 
daughter  of  Sir  Brook  Bridges,  Bart,  and 
by  that  lady,  who  died  in  1808,  he  had 
issue  six  sons  and  five  daughters.  The 
former  were,  1.  Edward  Knight,  esq.  of 
Chawton  House,  who  married  first  in 
18^6  Mary.Dorothy,  daughter  of  Sir  Ed- 
ward Knatchbull,  Bart.,  and  secondly,  in 
1840,  Adela,  daughter  of  John  Portal,  esq. 
of  Freefolk  Prior's,  Hants ;  2.  George 
Thomas  Knight,  esq.  who  is  the  third 
husband  of  Hilare  dowager  Countess  Nel- 
son, widow  of  the  Rev.  William  first  Earl 
Nelson  ;  3.  Henry,  a  Major  in  the  army, 
who  married  in  1836,  Charlotte,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Northey, 
Canon  of  Windsor,  and  was  left  a  widower 
in  1839;  4.  the  Rev.  Edward  Knight, 
Rector  of  Steventon,  Hants,  who  married 
Caroline,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  John 
Portal,  esq.  of  Freefolk  Prior^s,  and  has 
issue  ;  5.  Charles-Bridges  ;  and  6.  Brook- 
John. 

The  daughters  were,  1.  Fanny-Catha- 
rine, married  in  1820  to  the  Right  Hon. 
Sir  Edward  Knatchbull,  Bart.  M.P. ; 
2.  Elizabeth,  married  to  Edward  Rice, 
esq.  of  Dane  Court,  Kent ;   3.  Marianne  ; 

4.  Louisa,  who  became  in  1847  the  second 
wife  of  Lord  George  Augusta  Hill,  of 
Ballyare  Castle,  co.  Donegal,  uncle  to  the 
present    Marquess    of    Downshire  ;    and 

5.  Cassandra- Jane,  who  married  in  1834 
the  same  Lord  George  Augusta  Hill,  and 
died  in  1842,  leaving  issue. 

The  funeral  of  Mr.  Knight  took  place 
at  Godmersham  on  Friday  Nov.  26,  the 
service  being  performed  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Gale,  Rector  of  the  parish.  Besides  his 
immediate  family,  the  Ear]  of  Winchilsea, 
Sir  Brook  Bridges,  Wm.  Deedes,  esq., 
E.  Rice,  esq.,  Edw.  Hugessen,  esq.,  Rev. 
Mr.  Rice,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Leigh,  attended, 
besides  a  long  list  of  tenantry  desirous  of 
ptymg  their  last  tribute  of  respect  to  to 
good  a  landlord. 


CLEMENt  SWETBNHAM,  ESQ. 

Nov.  17.  At  Somerford  Booths,  Che- 
shire, in  his  60*th  year,  Clement  Sweten- 
ham,  esq.  a  magistrate  and  Deputy  Lieu- 
tenant of  that  county. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Roger  Com- 
berbach,  esq.  who  assumed  the  name  of 
Swetenham  on  succeeding  to  the  estate  of 
his  maternal  uncle  (and  the  reprieaentative 
of  the  family  of  Swetenham  seated  at  So- 
merford from  the  reign  of  Edward  I.),  by 
Anne,  daughter  of  William  Archer,  esq.  of 
the  county  of  Warwick.  His  father  died 
in  1814. 

In  early  life  he  held  a  commission  in 
the  16th  Dragoons,  and  served  in  the 
Peninsula  from  the  year  1809  to  the  ter- 
mination of  the  war  after  the  battle  of 
Toulouse,  and  subsequently  with  the  same 
regiment  at  Waterloo.  In  the  riots  of  1820 
he  did  duty  as  Major  of  the  2d  Cheshire 
Yeomanry,  embodied  at  that  time  at  the 
expense  of  the  county. 

He  married,  May  1,  1817,  Eleanor, 
daughter  of  John  Buchanan,  esq.  of 
Donally,  co.  Donegal ;  and  had  issue  three 
sons,  Clement,  Edmund,  and  James ;  and 
two  daughters,  Eliza  and  Fanny. 


John  Marten  Cripps,  Esq. 

Jan.  3.  At  Novington,  near  Lewes, 
aged  73,  John  Marten  Cripps,  esq.  F.S.A. 

This  gentleman  inherited  the  property 
of  his  uncle,  John  Marten,  of  Stan  tons, 
one  of  the  old  Sussex  families,  which  in- 
cluded possessions  in  the  parish  of  Chil- 
tington,  with  the  manor  of  Stantons,  on 
which  is  the  old  mansion  of  the  Chal- 
loners.  He  was  a  member  of  Jesus  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  and  graduated  M.A.  per 
lit,  Regias  1803.  Before  he  settled  as  a 
country  gentleman  he  travelled  in  the  East 
with  his  tutor,  the  celebrated  Dr.  Clarke, 
and  the  late  Bishop  of  Chichester,  Dr.  Otter, 
and  at  a  great  expense  collected  the  lead- 
ing botanical  plants  indigenous  to  the 
lands  through  which  he  travelled,  and  a 
large  collection  of  statues  and  antiquities. 
On  his  return  with  these  he  temporarily 
fixed  his  residence  at  Lewes,  at  which 
time  he  and  Dr.  Clarke  married  two  sis- 
ters, the  Misses  Rush.  Here  be  invited 
most  of  the  leading  families  of  Sussex  to 
inspect  his  extensive  museum,  and  subse- 
quently made  munificent  presentations 
from  his  collection  to  the  University  of 
Cambridge  and  other  public  institutions. 
Although  it  was  not  publicly  acknow- 
ledged,  it  was  to  Mr.  Cripps,  and  his 
personal  expense,  that  we  are  indebted 
for  the  elaborate  account  of  Dr.  Clarke's 
Travels,  which,  in  fact,  were  the  results 
of  Mr.  Cripps's  personal  investigation, 
aided  by  the  refined  experience  of  his 


1853.]  Count  Pompeo  Litta, — Rev.  Samuel  Lee,  D.D. 


208 


tutor.  Having  built  Novington  Lodge  on 
the  Stantons  estate,  Mr.  Cripps  fixed  bis 
residence  there,  where  he  devoted  himself 
to  rural  pursuits,  especially  to  practical 
horticulture.  His  investigations  were  va- 
luable, and  the  county  generally  are  in- 
debted to  hira  for  several  important  addi- 
tions to  the  varieties  of  apples  and  other 
fruits.  He  introduced  from  Russia  the 
khol  rabbi,  which  has  subsequently  been 
extensively  grown  for  the  use  of  our  dairy 
farms.  During  a  long  life  he  was  a  useful 
member  of  society,  aiding  by  his  energy 
the  philanthropic  institutions  of  Sussex, 
and  contributing  by  his  example  to  the 
general  progress  of  agriculture,  and  other 
interests  of  the  county.  In  his  own  neigh- 
bourhood he  was  beloved  for  his  un> 
bounded  liberality  and  kindness.  Easy 
of  approach,  his  advice  and  assistance 
were  rendered  whenever  his  service  was 
solicited.  As  a  magbtrate  he  was  atten- 
tive to  his  duties  so  long  as  he  had  health 
to  perform  them,  and  at  the  Brighton  bench 
for  many  years  he  was  unceasing  in  his  at- 
tendance. For  some  years  past  he  has  been 
an  invalid,  and  confined  within  doors. 

He  married  in  1806  Charlotte,  third 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Beaumaris  Rush, 
of  Wimbledon,  and  has  left  issue. 


Count  Pompeu  Litta. 

Aug,  17.  At  an  advanced  age.  Count 
Pompeo  Litta,  author  of  the  Famiglie  Ita- 
lia ni  Celeb  ri. 

He  was  descended  maternally  from  the 
illustrious  house  of  Visconti.  The  Conti 
di  Brebbia,  a  branch  of  that  family,  be- 
came extinct  in  the  male  line  in  1750,  by 
the  death  of  Giulio  Visconti,  whose  daugh- 
ters and  coheirs  married  into  the  ancient 
Tuscan  family  of  Litta,  the  elder  daughter 
wedding  the  Marchese  Antonio  Litta,  and 
the  younger,  Elizabetha,  the  Marchese 
Pompeo  Litta.  The  former  was  mother 
of  Antonio  Due  di  Litta,  Chamberlain  of 
Napoleon's  Italian  kingdom,  and  of  the 
Cardinal  Lorenzo  di  Litta  ;  and  the  latteir 
of  the  subject  of  the  present  notice. 

In  his  early  days  he  saw  some  consider- 
able service  in  the  Italian  campaigns  of 
Napoleon  ;  but  his  name  will  descend  to 
posterity  by  more  substantial  services. 

His  magnificent  work  on  the  genealogies 
of  the  most  distinguished  Italian  families, 
both  existing  and  extinct,  was  commenced 
in  1819.  It  was  published  in  parts,  to 
the  extent  of  about  five  large  folios.^  It  is 

*  Qu  ?— We  have  looked  at  the  copy 
in  the  British  Museum,  and  it  consists  of 
twelve  fasciculi,  which  are  all  bound  in  one 
folio  volume.— JB<ir7.  G,  M. 


copiously  illustrated  with  figurei  of  the 
tombs  and  monumental  effigies  of  luch 
families  as  Sforza,  Castiglioni,  Visconti, 
Medici,  Guicciardini,  and  Piccolomini ; 
with  medals,  and  portraits  carefully  co- 
loured by  the  hand!,  from  pictures  in  the 
principal  galleries.  The  author  thus  ren- 
dered an  inestimable  boon  to  art,  even  for 
purposes  of  identification,  against  the 
processes  of  spoliation  and  removal  going 
on  in  Italian  galleries — the  result  of  the 
gradual  decay  and  increasing  poverty  of  a 
nobility  that  refuses  to  recruit  itself  from 
the  resources  of  commercial  enterprise 
and  alliance. 


Rev.  Samuel  Lee,  D.D. 

Dec.  16.  At  Barley  Rectory,  Herts, 
aged  69,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Lee,  D.D. 
Rector  of  Barley,  Canon  of  Bristol,  and 
late  Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge. 

This  gentleman  was  remarkable  for  his 
success  in  the  acquisition  of  languages, 
entirely  by  hii  own  laborious  and  perse- 
vering application,  mostly  without  the 
assistance  of  a  living  instructor.  Of  hii 
natural  powers  of  acquiring  languages  the 
simple  history  of  his  life  affords  ample 
proof.  Of  the  wonderful  extent  and  va- 
riety of  his  attainments  as  a  scholar  the 
evidence  is  before  us  in  numerous  and  va- 
luable publications.  On  the  accuracy  and 
solidity  of  those  attainments  those  only 
are  qualified  to  decide  who  have  them- 
selves mastered  the  subjects  to  which  Dr. 
Lee  so  energetically  and  successfully  de- 
voted himself. 

The  following  narration  of  his  progreae 
in  languages  is  from  a  letter  now  before 
the  writer  of  this  notice,  and  addressed 
by  Mr.  Lee,  in  1813,  to  the  late  Jonathan 
Scott,  esq.  of  Shrewsbury.*  It  is  so  plea- 
santly and  feelingly  written,  and  conveys 
so  complete  and  truthful  a  picture  of  hif 
early  career  in  life,  that  the  document 
shall  speak  for  itself. 

**  The  first  rudiments  of  learning  I  re- 
ceived at  a  charity  school  at  Longnor,  in 
the  county  of  Salop,  where  I  was  bom 
(May  14,  1783),  which  is  a  village  situ- 
ated about  eight  miles  from  Shrewsbury. 
Here  I  remained  till  I  attained  the  age  of 
twelve  years,  and  went  through  the  usnal 
gradations  of  such  institutions  without 
distinguishmg  myself  in  any  respect ;  for, 
as  punishment  is  the  only  alternative  ge- 
nerally held  out,  I,  like  others,  thought 

*  This  gentleman  was  for  several  yean 
Persian  iScretary  to  Warren  Hastinga, 
esq.  A  memoir  of  him,  by  the  writer  of 
the  present  notice,  will  be  found  in  vol. 
xcix.  (May  18^9)  of  the  Gentleman'f 
Magazine. 


204 


Obituary. — Rev.  Samuel  Lee^  D.D. 


[Feb. 


it  sufficient  to  avoid  it.  At  the  age  above- 
mentioned  I  was  put  out  apprentice  to  a 
carpenter  and  joiner  by  Robert  Corbett, 
esq.  in  which,  I  must  confess,  I  under- 
went hardships  seldom  acquiesced  in  by 
boys  of  my  age ;  but,  as  my  father  died 
when  I  was  very  young,  and  I  knew  it 
was  not  in  the  power  of  my  mother  to 
provide  better  for  me,  as  she  had  two 
more  to  support  by  her  own  labour,  I 
judged  it  best  to  submit.  About  the  age 
of  seventeen  I  formed  a  determination  to 
learn  the  Latin  language,  to  which  I  was 
instigated  by  the  following  circumstances : 
— I  had  been  in  the  habit  of  reading  such 
books  as  happened  to  be  in  the  house 
where  I  lodged  ;  but,  meeting  with  Latin 
quotations,  I  found  myself  unable  to  com- 
prehend liiem.  Being  employed  about 
this  time  in  the  building  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  chapel  for  Sir  Edward  Smythe 
of  Acton  Bumell,  where  I  saw  many  Latin 
books  and  frequently  heard  that  language 
read,  my  resolution  was  confirmed.  I 
immediately  bought  '  Ruddiman's  Latin 
Grammar  ^  at  a  book-stall,  and  learnt  it 
by  heart  throughout.     I  next  purchased 

*  Corderius'  Colloquies,  by  Loggon,' 
which  I  found  a  very  great  assistance  to 
me,  and  afterwards  obtained  '  Entick's 
Latin    Dictionary  ; '     also,    soon    after, 

*  Beza's  Testament  *  and  '  Clarke's  Ex- 
ercises.' There  was  one  circumstance, 
however,  which,  as  it  had  some  effect  on 
my  progress,  I  shall  mention  in  this  place. 
I  one  day  asked  one  of  the  priests,  who 
came  frequently  to  us,  to  give  me  some 
information  of  which  I  was  then  in  want, 
who  replied  that  '  Charity  began  at  home.' 
This  was  very  mortifying,  but  it  only 
served  as  a  stimulus  to  my  endeavours ; 
for  from  this  time  I  resolved,  if  possible, 
to  excel  even  him.  There  was  one  circum- 
stance, however,  more  powerful  in  op- 
posing me,  and  that  was  poverty.  I  had 
at  that  time  but  six  shillings  a-week  to 
subsist  on,  and  to  pay  the  expenses  of 
washing  and  lodging.  Out  of  this,  how- 
ever,  I  spared  something  to  gratify  my 
desire  for  learning,  which  I  did,  though 
not  without  curtailing  myself  of  proper 
support  My  wages  were,  however,  soon 
after  raised  one  shilling  a-week,  and  the 
next  year  a  shilling  more,  during  which 
time  I  read  the  Latin  Bible,  Florus,  some 
of  Cicero's  Orations,  Csesar's  Commen- 
taries, Justin,  Sallust,  Virgil,  Horace's 
Odes,  and  Ovid's  Epistles.  It  may  be 
asked  how  1  obtained  these  books  ?  I 
never  had  all  at  once,  but  generally  read 
one  and  sold  it,  the  price  of  which,  with 
a  little  added  to  it,  enabled  me  to  buy 
another,  and  this  being  read  was  sold  to 
procure  the  next.  I  was  now  out  of  my 
apprenticeship,  and  determined  to  learn 


the  Greek.  I  bought,  therefore,  a  '  West- 
minster Greek  Grammar,'  and  soon  after- 
wards procured  a  Testament,  which  I  found 
not  very  difficult  with  the  assistance  of 
*  Schrevelius's  Lexicon.'  I  bought  next 
'  Huntingford's  Greek  Exercises,'  which  I 
wrote  throughout,  and  then,  in  pursuance 
to  the  advice  laid  down  in  the  Exercises, 
read  Xenophon's  Cyropsedia,  and  soon 
after  Plato's  Dialogues,  some  part  of  the 
Iliad  and  Odyssey  of  Homer,  Pythagoras's  . 
Golden  Verses,  with  the  Commentary  of 
Hierocles,  Lucian's  Dialogues  of  the  Dead, 
and  some  of  the  Poetse  Minores,  with  the 
Antigone  of  Sophocles.  I  now  thought  I 
might  attempt  the  Hebrew,  and  accord- 
ingly procured  Bythner's  Grammar,  with 
his  Lyra  Prophetica,  and  soon  after  ob- 
tained a  Psalter,  which  I  read  by  the  help 
of  the  Lyra.  I  next  purchased  Buxtorrs 
Grammar  and  Lexicon,  with  a  Hebrew 
Bible,  and  I  now  seemed  drawing  fast  to- 
wards the  summit  of  my  wishes,  but  was 
far  from  being  uninterrupted  in  these  pur- 
suits. A  frequent  inflammation  in  my 
eyes,  with  every  possible  discouragement 
from  those  about  me,  were  certainly  pow- 
erful opponents  ;  but  habit,  and  fixed  de- 
termination to  proceed,  had  now  made 
study  my  greatest  happiness,  and  I  every 
day  returned  to  it  rather  as  a  source  of 
rest  from  manual  labour,  and  though  I 
felt  many  privations  in  consequence,  it 
amply  repaid  me  in  that  solitary  satisfac- 
tion which  none  but  a  mind  actuated  as 
mine  was  could  feel.  But  to  return ; 
chance  had  thrown  in  my  way  the  Targum 
of  Onkelos,  and  I  had  a  Cbaldaic  ^am- 
mar  in  Bythner*s  Lyra,  with  the  assistance 
of  which  and  of  Schindler's  Lexicon  I  soon 
read  it.  I  next  proceeded  to  the  Syriac, 
and  read  some  of  Gutbir's  Testament  by 
the  help  of  Otho's  Synopsis  and  Schind- 
ler's Lexicon.  I  had  also  occasionally 
looked  over  the  Samaritan  Pentateuch, 
which  differs  little  from  the  Hebrew  ex- 
cept in  a  change  in  letters.  I  found 
no  difficulty  in  reading  it  in  quotations 
wherever  I  found  it,  and  with  quotations 
I  was  obliged  to  content  myself,  as  books 
in  that  language  were  entirely  out  of  my 
reach. 

By  this  time  I  had  attained  my  twenty- 
fifth  year,  and  had  got  a  good  chest  of 
tools,  worth  I  suppose  about  25/.  I  was 
now  sent  into  Worcestershire  to  superin- 
tend, on  the  part  of  my  master,  Mr.  John 
Lee,  the  repairing  of  a  large  house  belong- 
ing to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cookes.  I  began  now 
to  think  it  necessary  to  relinquish  the 
study  of  languages,  as  I  perceived  that, 
however  excellent  the  acquisition  might 
have  appeared  to  me,  it  was  in  my  situa- 
tion entirely  useless.  I  sold  my  books, 
and  made  new  resolutions ;  in  fact,  I  mar- 


185a] 


Obituary, — Eetu  Samuel  Lee,  D,D, 


205 


I 


lied,  cx)nsidere(l  my  caUing  as  my  only 
support,  and  some  promises  and  insinna- 
tions  had  been  made  to  me,  wbfcli  sc«med 
of  a  favonrable  nature  io  my  occupation. 
I  wa*  awakened,  however,  from  these  views 
and  suggestions  by  a  circumstance  which 
gave  a  new  and  distressing  appearance  to 
my  affairs  ;  a  lire  broke  out  in  the  house 
we  were  repairing,  in  which  my  tools,  and 
with  them  all  my  views  and  hopes,  were 
consumed.  I  was  now  cast  on  the  world 
without  A  friend,  a  shilUng,  or  even  the 
means  cif  subsistence*  Tbis,  however, 
would  have  been  hut  slightly  felt  by  me, 
afi  I  had  always  been  the  child  of  misfor- 
tuncj  had  not  the  partner  of  my  life  been 
immerged  in  the  game  afflicting  circum- 
stanoes*  There  was,  however,  no  alterna- 
tive, and  now  I  began  to  think  of  some 
new  course  of  life,  in  which  my  former 
studies  might  prove  advantageous.  I 
thought  that  of  a  country  tschool master 
would  be  the  most  likely  to  answer  my 
purpose  ;  1  therefore  ap|>lied  myself  to 
the  study  of  Murray's  Englkh  Ej[erciaes, 
and  improved  myself  in  arithmetic.  There 
was,  however,  one  grand  objection  to  this; 
I  hod  no  money  to  begin,  and  did  not 
know  any  friend  who  would  be  inclined  to 
lend.  In  the  meantime  the  Rev,  Arch- 
deacon Corbett  had  heard  of  my  attach- 
ment to  stndy.  and  having  been  informed 
of  my  hdng  in  Longnor,  ^ent  for  me,  in 
order  to  inform  himself  of  partieulais.  To 
him  I  communicated  my  circumstances, 
and  it  is  to  liis  goodness  1  am  indebted 
for  the  situation  I  at  present  fill,  and  seve- 
ral other  very  valuable  benefits,  which  he 
thought  proper  generously  to  confer.  My 
circumstances  since  that  time  are  too  well 
known  to  you  to  need  any  further  elucida- 
tion. It  is  through  your  kind  assistance 
I  made  myself  thus  far  acquainted  with 
the  Arabic,  Persian,  and  Hindoostanee  lan- 
guages, of  my  progress  in  which  you  are 
undoubtedly  the  best  judge." 

It  thujb  appears  that  Mr.  Lee  had  ren- 
dered himself  familiar  with  the  Latin, 
Greeks  Hebrew,  Chaldee,  Syriac,  and  Sa- 
maritan previously  to  his  inlroductiou  to 
Archdeacon  Corbett  and  Jonathan  Scott, 
esq.  ander  whose  fostering  fricmbhip  he 
was  brought  into  public  notice. 

To  the  foregoing  narrative  Mr.  after- 
wards Dr.  Scott,  has  remarked,  that  the 
assistance  Mr.  Lee  so  gratefully  speaks  of 
from  liimself  ^*  consisted  chiefly  in  a  loan  of 
books,  and  directing  him  in  pronuncia^ 
tion.  He  wanted  no  other.  In  the  course 
of  a  few  months  he  was  able  not  only  to 
read  and  translate  from  any  Arabic  or 
Persian  manuscript,  but  to  compose  in 
those  languages.  He  has  sent  me  transla- 
tiotis  into  Arabic  and  Persian  of  several  of 
Pt.  Johnson's  Oriental  apologues  in  the 


Rambler,  and  of  Addison's  Vision  of  Mirxa 
in  the  Spectator.  They  were  wonderfully 
well  done  ;  and  in  this  opinion  I  am  not 
singular,  as  they  have  met  also  the  appro- 
batian  of  Mr.  James  Atiderson,  whose 
abilities  as  an  Orientalist  are  sufficiently 
established  to  render  his  applause  highly 
satisfactory.  Mr.  Lee,  in  addition  io  his 
knowledge  of  the  dead  and  Eastern  lan- 
guages, has  made  also  considerable  pro- 
ficiency in  French,  German,  and  Italian. 
With  his  amazing^  facility  of  acquiring  lan- 
guages he  possesses  taj>te  for  elegant  com. 
position,  and  has  no  slight  poetical  talents, 
of  which  I  have  seen  some  specimens  in 
English  and  Latin  ;  also  a  Parody  of 
Gray's  Ode  to  Adversity,  in  Greek  and 
Sapphic  verse,  which  competent  judges 
pronounce  o  surprising  effort  of  self-in- 
structed genius.'* 

For  two  or  three  ye?irs  previously  to 
1813  (the  date  of  the  above  ktter)^  Mr. 
Lee  held  the  Mastership  of  Bowdler's 
Foundation  School  in  Shrewsbury  (which 
he  obtained  through  the  interest  of  Arch- 
deacon Corbett),  in  addition  to  which  he 
also  attended  two  schools  as  a  teacher  of 
arithmetic,  and  at  a  few  private  houses  as 
instructor  in  Persian  and  Uindoostanee  to 
the  sons  of  gentlemen  who  expected  ap- 
pointments in  the  civil  or  military  services 
of  the  Hon.  East  India  Company  \  and 
the  progress  made  by  bis  pupils  shewed, 
as  Mr.  Scott  states,  "  that  he  had  the  art 
of  conveying  knowledge  to  others— an  art 
not  always  possessed  by  the  learned," 

In  1813  Mr.  Lee  left  Shrewsbury  and 
obtained  an  engagement  with  the  Church 
Missionary  Society.  In  the  same  year  he 
entered  at  Queen's  College,  Cambridge. 
In  1817  took  his  degree  of  6. A.  and  on 
his  examination  by  Dr.  Buchanan  he 
shewed  such  skill  and  pruficiency  as  drew 
forth  the  approbation  of  those  patrons  and 
friends  who  had  interested  themselves  in 
his  welfare  ;  nor  should  it  be  omitted  that, 
when  he  entered  college,  he  was  unac- 
quniuted  with  mathematics,  hut  in  the 
course  of  a  fortnight  he  had  qualified  him- 
st'lf.  to  attend  a  class  which  had  gone 
through  several  books  of  Euclid. 

Mr.  Lee,  in  the  following  year,  preached 
m  learned  and  well  directed  sermon  at  St. 
Chad^s  Church,  Shrewsburyr  in  aid  of  the 
funds  of  the  Shropshire  Auiciliary  Gible 
Society ;  and  at  the  anniversary  meeting 
of  the  same  society,  in  the  next  year,  his 
early  friend  and  patron,  the  Ven.  Arch- 
deacon Corbett,  president  of  the  institu- 
tion, in  an  ingenious  address,  brought  for- 
ward the  extrtiordinary  abilties  of  Mr,  Lee, 
and  drew  an  atialogy  between  him  and  the 
Admirable  Crichton,  which,  although  per* 
haps  rather  forced  in  regard  to  some  ac« 
compUshments,  gave  to   Mr.  Lee,  as  re- 


206 


Obituary. — Rev.  Samuel  Lee^  D.D. 


[Feb. 


spected  lan^ages,  a  preponderance  of 
one-third. 

On  the  nth  of  March,  1819,  he  was 
elected,  by  a  majority  of  9  to  4,  Arabic 
Professor  of  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
having  been  put  into  nomination  by  the 
Hon.  and  Rev.  the  Vice-Chancellor.  Not 
having,  however,  been  at  college  the  time 
usual  for  taking  his  degree  of  M.A.  re- 
quisite to  his  standing  for  the  chair,  a 
Grace  passed  the  Senate  to  supplicate  for 
a  mandamus  from  the  Prince  Regent, 
which  was  graciously  granted  by  his  royal 
highness.  He  received  in  1822,  unso- 
licited and  in  the  most  flattering  manner, 
a  diploma  conferring  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  the  University  of  Halle.  This  did 
not,  however,  impose  silence  on  him  in 
stating,  some  time  afterwards,  the  reason- 
ableness of  the  orthodox  views  of  Chris- 
tianity as  opposed  to  the  rationalism  of 
Germany.  In  1823  he  obtained  the  ap- 
pointment of  chaplain  of  the  gaol  at  Cam- 
bridge, and  in  1825  he  was  presented  to 
the  rectory  of  Bilton  with  Harrogate.  To 
the  degree  of  B.D.  he  proceeded  in  1827. 
In  1831  he  was  elected  Regius  Professor 
of  Hebrew  in  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, with  its  accompanying  stall  in  the 
cathedral  of  Bristol.  His  Hebrew  lec- 
tures embraced  an  extensive  field  of  Bib- 
lical criticism,  illustrated  by  immense 
stores  of  ancient  and  modem  literature. 
In  1833  the  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred 
upon  him  at  Cambridge,  on  which  occa- 
sion Dr.  Turton,  the  Professor  of  Di- 
vinity, in  an  elegant  Latin  oration,  ex- 
pressed the  admiration  with  which,  in 
common  with  the  whole  University,  he 
had  beheld  the  achievements  of  Professor 
Lee's  amazing  talent  and  industry  ;  diffi- 
culty only  seemed  to  furnish  stimulus ; 
and  whilst  so  many  other  Oriental  lan- 
guages had  received  considerable  light 
from  his  labours,  Hebrew  especially  had 
been  rescued  from  the  neglect  occasioned 
by  the  darkness  and  intricacy  in  which  the 
BLabbinical  system  had  so  long  involved  it. 
Nor  less  did  his  classical  erudition  de- 
mand admiration,  since  the  Latin  sermon 
which  Dr.  Lee  had  delivered  on  the  occa- 
sion displayed  the  accuracy  and  taste  of 
Latin  composition.  In  the  same  year,  on 
Commencement  Sunday,  June  30th,  Dr. 
Lee  also  preached  an  English  sermon 
before  the  University  and  a  large  congre- 
gation, being  the  time  of  the  meeting  of 
the  British  Association  for  the  Promotion 
of  Science. 

As  a  scholar  Dr.  Lee  was  at  all  times 
ready  to  receive  a  suggestion  without  being 
offended,  and  as  willing  to  impart  informa- 
tion to  those  who  earnestly  sought  it  from 
him.  His  knowledge  of  Biblical  and  Ori- 
ental literature  was  profound  and  exten- 


sive, his  reading  deep  and  Yaried,  and  to 
this  was  united  every  qualification  which 
could  adorn  and  distinguish  the  accom- 
plished critic  and  scholar,  and  will  no 
doubt  cause  his  name  to  be  long  revered 
and  renowned  in  this  and  distant  nations. 
It  must,  however,  be  mentioned  that  Dr. 
Lee  differed  from  other  learned  men  on 
several  points,  and  although  it  is  possible 
that  he  may  be  right,  his  peculiarities  have 
been  considered  a  stumbling  block  to  the 
grammar  student,  because  such  student 
must  make  use  of  books  up  to  a  certain 
point  and  in  certain  cases  in  which  the 
opposite  doctrine  to  Dr.  Lee's  is  taught, 
and  then  has  to  consider  whether  he  shall 
adopt  Dr.  Lee's  opinion  and  unlearn  what 
be  has  previously  learned  ? 

Dr.  Lee  appears  to  have  been  on  all 
occasions  much  interested  in  the  circala- 
tion  of  the  Scriptures,  believing  as  he  did 
that  a  deep  acquaintance  with  the  Bible 
has  a  tendency  both  to  humble  and  exalt 
the  mind,  and  to  soften  and  warm  the 
heart,  and  to  '*  make  the  man  not  more 
commendable  for  his  sincerity  than  ad- 
mirable for  his  usefulness  and  reliance  on 
the  Divine  power."  He  was  a  warm  sup- 
porter of  the  constitution  of  the  national 
church,  and  always  evinced  a  due  anxiety 
to  promote  the  spiritual  welfare  of  those 
entrusted  to  his  charge,  not  basing  hii  en- 
deavours upon  the  doctrines  of  human  pro- 
babilities, but  by  a  firm  faith  in  the  co-ope- 
ration of  Divine  assistance.  His  piety  was 
sincere  and  practical,  not  of  a  theoretical  or 
speculative  nature.  He  avoided  the  '/  me- 
taphysical systems  of  Calvin  and  Arminius," 
which  divide  the  Established  Cbnrch  no 
less  than  the  meeting-houses  of  the  Dis- 
senters ;  considering  it  as  one  main  duty 
of  the  Christian  minister,  by  a  careful  and 
patient  use  of  all  the  accessible  means  of 
instruction,  to  inform  himself  what  are  or 
what  are  not  the  declarations  of  Holy 
Scripture,  "  and  then,  but  not  till  then,  to 
proceed  to  lay  open  to  others  the  whole 
counsel  Of  God." 

Among  the  many  valuable  publications 
which  will  form  a  histing  record  of  the  un- 
tiring researches  and  perseverance  of  Dr. 
Lee  the  following  may  be  enumerated.  In 

1816,  the  Syriac  New  Testament,  and  sub- 
sequently the  Old  Testament.  He  edited 
the  Malay  Scriptures,  the  Arabic  and 
Coptic  Psalter  and  Gospels,  and  trans- 
lated the  Book  of  Genesis  into  Persian, 
and  was  likewise  editor  of  Martyn's  Per- 
sian and  Hindoostanee  Testament      In 

1817,  and  the  subsequent  year,  he  superin- 
tended the  Hindoostanee  Prayer  Book,  and 
Morning  and  Evening  Prayers  in  Persic, 
and  wrote  the  history  of  the  Abyssinian 
and  Syrian  Churches  for  the  Annual  Re- 
port of  the  Church  MiMionary  Sooiety. 


1853,]  Obituary. — Samuel  Me7*nmany  Esq.  M,D, 


207 


I 


i 


In  1820,  the  Grammar  and  Vocabuliory  of 
the  New  Zealand  Lnng:nage.  Two  Sermons 
preached  at  St.  Cbtid's  Church,  Shrews- 
bury, for  the  benefit  of  the  Porochial 
Sc  hooh.  In  1 8  91 ,  Sylloge  Libroru  ni  O  r  i  - 
entalium,  and  Letter  to  BeUumy  against 
his  translation  of  the  Bible.  In  IB^l  and 
18?6  occurred  hie  Controversy  with  Dr, 
Henderson;  and  about  tlvi^  time  he  edited 
Sir  W.  Jones's  Persian  Grammar,  of  whioh 
a  new  edition  appeared  in  1828,  and  like- 
wise printed  some  Co ntroveraial  Tracts  on 
Christianityand  Mahometaniam  by  Martin. 
HU  Hebrew  Grammar  appeared  in  1830, 
and  in  the  tame  year  a  valuable  volume  of 
Six  Sermons  on  the  study  of  the  Holy 
ScriplureB,  to  which  are  anuexed  *'  Di&- 
tertationa  '^  on  the  reasonable neas  of  Chris" 
tianity^  &c*  as  opposed  to  the  Ratio  naU 
iam  of  Germany^  and  an  Exposition  of  the 
Book  of  ReTelations.  Also  the  Latin  Pro- 
logomena  to  Bagster's  Polyglott  Bible,  f  ii 
1833,  the  Travels  of  John  Bututa^  trans- 
lated from  the  Arabic  ;  and  a  Controversy 
on  the  Tithe  Question  with  Mr.  J,  S.  Fry,  of 
Bristol.  In  1834,  a  Sermon  on  the  Primi- 
tive Sabbath,  and  "A  Letter  to  Dr.  Pye 
Smith  on  Diaaeot."  In  1837,  "  The  Book 
of  Job,  translatefi  from  the  original  He- 
brew ;  to  which  is  appended  a  Critical 
Commentary  elucidating  other  passages  of 
Holy  Writ/'  la  1840,  a  Visitation  Sermon, 
with  an  Answer  to  Dr,  Wiseman  on  the 
Kuchmnst,  at  held  by  the  Syrian  Church, 
In  this  year  also,  a  H<;brew,Chaldaic,  and 
English  Lexicon.  Beside*  the^e^  several 
mlicellaneous  pamphleti,  sermons,  &g. 
with  a  variety  of  contributions  to  periodi- 
cal literatnre,  issued  from  his  fertile  and 
untiring  t>en,  wluch  it  would  exceed  the 
prcaent  limited  apace  further  to  particu- 
la  rise. 

An  excellent  portrait  of  Dr.  Lee*  painted 
and  presented  by  Richard  Evaos,  esq.  a 
native  of  Shrewsbury,  is  placed  in  the 
Suhacription  Newa  Room  of  that  town, 
from  which  an  engniviug  by  W,  T.  Pry 
was  published  in  183:^  by  Fisher  and  Son, 
London.     Dr,  Lee  was  twice  mnrried. 

H.  P. 


SAMUfcL  MrRRIMAN,  Efttt.  M,D. 

Nov,  22,  Ag^d  81,  Si»muel  Merriman, 
M*D.  of  Brook  street,  Grosvenor-aipiare, 
niiA  Rodbourne  Cheney^  Wilts. 

The  subject  of  this  memoir  was  bom  on 
the  25th  day  of  October,  1771,  at  Marl- 
bewough,  in  Wiltshire*  Ilia  father,  Bt-n- 
junin,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Meniman  ot  the  i^ame  place,  who  wna  the 
lOQ  of  Another  Nathaniel,  tlio  youngest 
soil  of  John  Merriman,  a  captain  in  the 
trmy  of  Oliver  Cromwell.  Hia  mother 
waaMary,  eldest  daughter  of  Mr,  William 
Hawkea  of  Marlborongh,  and  niece  to  Sir 


Michael  Foster,  one  of  the  Justices  of  His 
Majesty's  Court  of  King's  Bench.  Tuj  was 
Mr.  Benjamin  Merrlman's  secon  I  wife, 
the  first  having  been  a  Miss  >Tarten  of 
Marlborough,  aunt  to  the  Brigadter-Gcne» 
ral  Richard  Smith,  M.P,  who  was  im- 
prisoned with  Thomas  Brand  HoUis,  esq» 
for  bribery  at  Cricklade;  an  offence  for 
which  the  franchise  of  that  borough  was 
extended  to  the  freeholders  of  the  adjoin- 
ing hundreds.  Mr.  Benjamin  Merrimao 
had  a  large  business  in  Marlborough  as  a 
brewer.  He  was  also  a  man  of  scientific 
pursuits,  and  the  author  of  several  politi- 
cal and  other  pamphlets,  and  et^snys,  some 
of  which  were  inserted  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magaiine.  He  also  received  from  the 
Society  of  Arts  io  the  Adelphi,  and  from 
the  Bath  Agricultural  Society,  medala  for 
various  machineK  that  he  invented. 

Dr.  Merriman  was  early  sent  to  the  Free 
Grammar  School  at  Marlborough,  founded 
by  King  Edward  VI,  and  presided  over  at 
that  time  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Edwards, 
On  becoming  the  head  boy  of  the  school 
he  delivered  the  annual  Latin  speech  before 
the  Rev.  Charles  Francis,  on  that  gentle- 
man^s  being  sworn  in  mayor  of  the  borough 
in  September  1783. 

In  October  17B4  Mr.  Benjamin  Merri- 
man and  his  family  removed  to  London,  and 
very  shortly  afterwards  the  »0d  took  up 
his  residence  with  his  »iide.  Dr.  Samuel 
Merriman,  of  Queen-street,  May  Fair,  of 
whom  a  memoir  is  published  in  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine  for  l^le.  Of  this 
journey,  prosecuted  as  far  us  Newbury  the 
preceding  day,  it  is  recorded,  *'  the  next 
morning  at  six  o'clock  we  set  off  in  the 
Newbury  Diligence,  called  in  short  the 
Dilly,  which  managed  to  bring  w&  to  Lon- 
don by  a  little  past  five  in  the  evening,'* 

Dr.  Merriman's  education  in  oIaasic«, 
&c.  was  continued  partly  umfer  the  tuition 
of  Mr,  Robert  Roy,  of  Old  Burlington- 
street,  and  partly  by  the  careful  instruction 
of  his  uncle,  under  whose  able  discipline 
at  a  later  period,  aad  that  of  his  cousin, 
William  Merriman,  then  in  good  practice, 
he  pursued  his  medical  studies,  and  ftoon 
became  established  in  practice  as  an 
apothecary. 

\i\  1799  he  married  his  uncle's  only 
surviving  daughter  Ann«  continuing,  how- 
ever, still  to  reside  in  his  uncle's  house  in 
Qaeen-atreet ;  but  in  1BD7  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  Mr.  Peregrine,  to  whom 
he  soon  resigned  the  general  practice, 
limiting  himself  to  that  of  midwifery  alone. 

A  vacancy  occurring  about  this  time  in 
the  office  of  physician-accoucheur  to  the 
WestminsterGeneraf  Dispensary,  he  sought 
for  and  obtained  the  appointment,  the  ho- 
norary diploma  of  M.D.  from  MaHschal 
college,  Aberdeen,  having  been  previously 


208 


Obituary. — Samuel  Merriman,  Esq.  M,D. 


[Feb. 


granted  to  bim.  For  this  a  preliminary 
examination  was  required,  which  was  very 
kindly  undertaken  in  London  by  Dr. 
Vaughan,  afterwards  Sir  Henry  Halford, 
Bart.  He  held  this  appointment  till  1815. 
In  1809  he  was  elected  to  the  like  office  at 
the  Middlesex  Hospital,  where  the  next 
year  he  commenced  his  annual  course  of 
lectures  on  midwifery,  and  continued  them 
regularly  till  the  year  1825.  He  also  in 
1820-1  gave  three  courses  of  lectures  at 
St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital  during  the 
temporary  illness  of  Dr.  Gooch.  Thus 
he  frequently  lectured  twice  on  the  same 
day. 

For  several  other  very  interesting  par- 
ticulars connected  with  Dr.  Merriman's 
early  professional  life,  and  his  connection 
with  the  Middlesex  Hospital,  we  refer  our 
readers  to  a  memoir  of  him  published  in 
the  Lancet  for  November  30,  1850. 

Dr.  Merriman's  legal  right  to  practise 
medicine  arose  from  his  connection  with 
the  Society  of  Apothecaries,  the  admission 
to  the  membership  of  which  he  had  pur- 
chased in  early  life.  This  society  having 
been  appointed  in  1815,  by  Act  of  Par- 
liament, to  examine  and  licence  all  future 
apothecaries  in  England  and  Wales,  and 
having  gradually  raised  the  standard  of 
medical  erudition  to  a  considerable  height, 
it  was  thought  that  Dr.  Merriman's  repu- 
tation and  skill  as  an  accoucheur  would 
materially  assist  the  endeavours  of  the 
Court  of  Examiners  to  raise  to  a  still  higher 
degree  the  qualifications  of  candidates  for 
the  licence  to  practise.  His  permission, 
therefore,  having  been  previously  ob- 
tained, he  was  in  1831  elected  on  the 
Court  of  Examiners,  and  held  the  office 
for  six  successive  years.  He  was  after- 
wards elected  on  the  Court  of  Assistants, 
but  he  never  filled  the  offices  of  "Warden 
or  Master  on  account  of  the  increasing 
infirmities  of  age. 

It  was  during  his  tenure  of  office  as 
Examiner  that  Dr.  Merriman  published, 
in  1833,  under  the  title  of  *'  The  Validity 
of  '  Thoughts  on  Medical  Reform,'  "  an 
answer  to  a  pamphlet  of  that  title  written, 
as  was  understood,  by  Dr.  Allen,  Do- 
mestic Physician  to  the  late  Lord  Holland. 
Dr.  Merriman's  object  in  writing  this  reply 
was  to  correct  several  inaccuracies  and 
misconceptions  in  the  *' Thoughts,"  about 
the  manner  in  which  the  "  Apothecaries' 
Act  "  was  being  carried  out  by  the  Court 
of  Examiners,  and  it  obtained  a  consider- 
able circulation. 

Referring  our  readers  once  more  to  the 
Lancet  for  an  account  of  Dr.  Merriman's 
connection  with  medical  societies,  we  shall 
merely  mention  here  his  connection  for 
fifty-two  years  with  the  **  Society  for  Re- 
lief of  Widows  and  Orphans  of  Medical 
12 


Men  in  London  and  its  Vicinity/'  To 
this  most  useful  charity  he  had  long  been 
one  of  the  treasurers,  and  he  warmly  pro- 
moted its  efficiency  by  every  means  in  his 
power,  knowing  but  too  well  how  few  of 
the  members  of  the  medical  profession  are 
able  to  derive  from  it  alone  sufficient  pro- 
perty to  support  themselves  and  their  fami- 
lies in  comfort  when  they  can  no  longer 
attend  actively  to  their  practice.  Dr. 
Merriman's  untiring  energy  to  promote 
the  welfare  of  this  society  was  gracefully 
acknowledged  a  few  years  ago  by  the  elec- 
tion of  his  son.  Dr.  William  Merrimao, 
to  the  vacant  post  of  Acting  Treasurer. 

Dr.  Merriman  appeared  for  the  first 
time  as  an  author  in  1805,  when  he  pub- 
lished a  pamphlet  in  vindication  of  Vacci- 
nation, having  curiously  enough  taken  up 
his  pen  to  prove  the  superior  excellence  of 
the  small-pox  Inoculation, but,  as  he  wrote, 
he  found  his  arguments  untenable.  Essays 
and  other  papers  of  his  were  published  in 
the  London  Medical  Repository,  the  Lon- 
don Medical  and  Physical  Journal,  and 
the  Medico-Chirurgical  Transactions ;  but 
the  medical  works  for  which  he  is  best 
known  are  his  ••  Synopsis  of  Difficult  Par- 
turition," which  passed  through  several 
editions,  and  was  translated  into  Italian, 
German,  and  French ;  and  his  edition  of 
'*  Underwood  on  Diseases  of  Children," 
the  history-  of  which  work  is  interesting, 
for  Drs.  Merriman,  Marshall  Hall,  and 
Henry  Davies,  have  successively  enlai^^d 
and  improved  Dr.  Underwood  s  original 
treatise,  with  this  inconvenient  result,  how- 
ever, that  four  different  styles  of  writing 
may  be  often  found  in  as  many  successive 
paragraphs. 

Dr.  Merriman  was  very  fond  of  noting 
down  memoranda  of  medical  and  other 
scientific  men  whom  he  had  known  per- 
sonally or  by  repute;  and,  possessing  an 
excellent  memory,  he  was  very  often  able 
to  mention  incidents  which  are  highly  in- 
teresting to  lovers  of  literature.  Two 
works,  published  some  years  ago,  the 
"  Picture  of  the  College  of  Physicians," 
and  Wadd's  "  Nugse  Chirurgicse,  &c."  he 
has  largely  illustrated  with  anecdotes  of 
the  persons  mentioned  ;  and  he  had  a  large 
collection  of  portraits  of  medical  men. 
Philological  subjects  also  much  interested 
him,  so  that  he  was  able  to  send  articles 
to  this  and  other  magazines  and  journals 
on  a  variety  of  different  subjects. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  his  more  im- 
portant contributions  to  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine : 

1828.  Part  i.  p.  290.  Announcement  that  Miss 
DayroUes  was  the  prototype  of  the^'  Miss  LaroUes" 
in  Miss  Bnmey's  **  Cecilia." 

Ibid.  p.  218.  On  Mr.  Mace  being  Editor  of  the 
"  New  Testament  in  Greek  and  English,"  ftc. 

1829.  Part  I.  p.  408.  On  the  word  "  Pearght." 


1653.]  Obituary. — Samuei  B,  Bruce,  Exq.  M.D. 


209 


I 


I 

I 


I 


i  laao,  Ftai  L  p.  29,  On  itie  Etvmolog}'  of  "  Mkl- 

I»3J,  Fift  1,  p.  iSI.  On  the  Tmiulation  of 
ica^i^Xoff  tn  the  Qospdj.  (This  tulije^t  l&  furUier 
elDcidJitfld  lay  S.  W.  J.  IL  in  Vol.  xxiv.  Neir  Scries, 

1832.  Flart  i.  p.  10.  Memoir  of  Dr,  Thoiuiu  Mor- 
gim,  Atitlior  4>f  **  Hie  Moral  Philosopher," 

rbid.  p.  3t)0.  R«ferenG6  gireo  to  Uie  f)ub1)C4tioii 
in  the  G«uUeiiuii%  Mafflutipe  for  1749  of  the 
**  Fmrer  of  fnnocencio,**  a  poem. 

Ibid.  Put  it  p,  tas.— 1833.  Pwrtl.  p.  S09,  Ou 
XbA  ward  "  Aroint,"  used  by  SliAlt»pere. 

New  Series.  -  1^3^.  Vol.  iti.  p.  61  J.  Refiirooc«  to, 
aud  commenu  on,  a  Poem  odilrtiated  by'Dr,  Bannes 
to  Syileuliam . 

1836,  Vol.  V-  p*  32.  On  onr  Saviour**  healing 
the  '*  Maimed." 

Ttdd.  p.  244.  Copy  of  a  Letter  from  Sanrrey  Gil- 
pin to  the  apft  Dr,  Mcrrlroan  In  1792. 

tH37.  Vol,  vii.  p.  434.  Memoir  of  Dr.  Hugh  Ley. 

183B.  Vol.  X.  p.  ti72.  Additioiu  to  ohftunry  uo- 
tioe  of  Jamei  NorrU,  e«i. 

183d.  VbKxi,  p.  4&0.  Explanation  of  **  Painted 
Coaches." 

IH39.  VoLxU.  p.  904,  Memoir  o<  Jotm  Merri- 
mAn,  eMq. 

Ibid.  p.  M7.  Strictorci  on  tlio  new  Lite  of  Mil* 
ton  in  Lardner^s  Cabinet  Cyclopedia,  as  reflecting 
on  Dr.  Johnson, 

1840.  Vol.  xiv.  p.  612.  On  Dr>  JohJiJiou'»  early 
kno  vledge  of  Saragv. 

1841.  Vol.  xri.  p.  213.  Honolr  of  Thonua  Mfir- 
riman,  fiisq. 

1842.  Vol.  xvil,  p.  3ti6.  Identiflcation  of  iJ€r(«>ui 
repreMntfld  In  Hogarth.'ii  plate  of  th^  "  Cunicu- 
laril/*  ftc.  being  a  satiro  on  the  notorlouei  Impos- 
tor, Mu7  1'o<^  the  Godliiuan  rahhltt-brecder. 

Ibid.  Vol.  jtidii.  p.  251.  Letter  from  Franci* 
Oonit,  e«q.  rcajiecting  hU  own  ftunily  and  that  of 
tho  Fotttary'». 

1843.  Vol.  xis,  p.  4<*».  Ohi«rration.i  on  the  raalt 
of  Medloil  Men,  and  on  Mldvifiery,  In  reply  to 
"  J.  IL"  (A  iifS.  addition  add«  tho  name  of  Dr. 
Rftdcllffe  t43  Uie  Hit  of  M.P.h) 

Ibid.  Vol.  IX.  p.  469.  Letter  of  Mutthew  Guthrie, 
MJEK  to  Maxwell  GartUMhorc,  M.D.  1797^ 
«<Jiiib:Vo1.  xsil.  p.  22,  247.— Vol  KxilL  p.  lOI 
OMMiMKieiit  c«4tom  of  "Cblld-bod  Privilege," 
fiir"W|glit».*'  (Dr.  Merriraan  luis addtd  in  his  ov* u 
copy  a  MS.  rsftareoce  tu  M.  de  la  Ciirnc  de  St. 
pjuaye*^  "  Memoires  sur  TAnclonue  Chevalerie," 
ftc.  (chapter  oo  "lee  Honneur*  do  la  Cour,")  aiid 
alio  ta  Cborlea  Levor'6  "  St.  FatrickV  Eve,"  whero 
Fatlier  John  is  rcpreeenled  m  giving  the  "  rtte^i" 
to  a  dying  man.) 

I84A.  VoL  xxiil.  p.  29.  Memoir  of  John  Callow, 
the  first  Medical  BookucUer. 

Ibid.  Vol.  xxlv.p.  19,  Memoir?  of  Julian  Cle- 
ment,  the  I'rench  SurK^on-ActuuclieLir,jind  of  his 
Jottrm-y  into  .Siwiin  to  utto.ful  \\w  t^uetin  in  1707. 

Ibid.  p.  145.  Ajiecdutea  at  Datiivl  Turner,  M.D. 
whodi^Nl  1741. 

Ibtd.  p.  485.  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Richard  Jlathur-^t, 
the  friend  of  Dr.  John*on,  and  of  Dr.  W.  Baylies. 

1846.  Vol.  XXV.  p,  4M1.  On  tjje  ftuthorahip  of 
"  Tho  Lounger**  Commonplace  Book/' 

Ibid.  Vol.  xxii.  p.  15.1.  Account  of  J.  W.  New- 
nun,  e^.  the  author. 

1847.  Vol.  xxvili,  p,  477.  Account  of  Gideon  do 
Lawne,  Ajiotliecary  to  JazueA  1. 

SiibBeqtiently  to  Ibb  dat«  increasing  age 
■nd  iafirmities  rendered  Dr.  Merriman'fi 
bourt  of  employmeot  fewer  and  fewer; 
but,  wheQever  he  was  able  to  pnrsnc  bis 
favourite  UTOcations,  be  delighted  himself, 
bis  family,  and  friends  b]r  relating  and  re- 
cordiug  many  interesting  anecdotes.  Ooc 
of  these  latter  cxercifieu  deserves  a  separate 
notice,  viz.  an  hiBtorical  retrospect  of  the 
ici«Dce  and  practice  of  medicine,  published 

GtKT.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


in  the  London  Journal  of  Medicine  under 
the  title  of  ''  The  Fjr»t  of  October,  1851, 
by  an  Octogenariani,** 

The  few  societies  which  Or.  Merriman 
was  able  to  attend  at  tbi^  advanced  period 
of  hi.s  life  occupied  also  his  energetic  mind^ 
aod  Che  "Notes  and  Queries,''  brought 
before  bis  notice  only  a  year  ago,  received 
several  interesting  articles  from  his  richly 
ttored  memory.  Thus  employed,  he 
•waited,  with  true  Christian  patience,  the 
hour  tbut  woa  to  remove  him  from  thia 
world  of  tronbte  to  one  of  rest ;  aod  he 
will  long  live  in  the  memory  of  his  na- 
merotia  friends  as  one  of  the  most  affec- 
tionate and  estimable  of  men. 

Several  portraits  of  Dr.  Merriman  were 
taken  at  different  periods,  two  of  which 
only  Imve  been  engraved  ;  one,  a  private 
plate  ;  the  other,  publhshed  in  the  Lancet 
with  the  memoir  to  which  we  have  referred* 

Mrs.  Merriman  died  10  Mareh,  ia31, 
after  sufferings  of  the  moat  acute  descrip- 
tion, endured  for  maoy  years.  Their  issua 
were  :  a  daughter,  who  died  1 7  June,  1844, 
having  been  married  to  the  Rev.  John 
Ward,  Vicar  of  Great  Bedwyn,  WiUs,  now 
R<5ctor  of  Wath,  in  Yorkshire,  by  whom 
she  had  several  children  \  Another  daugh- 
ter, now  living  ;  and  a  aim,  the  present 
Dr.  Merriman,  Consulting  Physkiao  to 
the  Westmiiister  General  Diapensary,  and 
Physician  to  the  Royal  Inlirmary  for 
Chtldren. 

Samubl  B.  Bruce,  Esq.  M,D. 

U^c.  24.  In  Victoria  square,  Pimlico, 
Samuel  Barwfck  Bruce,  esq.  M.D.  of 
Ripon,  Medical  Inspector  of  Mills  and 
PrisoDs  in  that  district. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  Barwick 
Bruce,  M.D,  of  Barbados,  by  Amabel, 
dauj^hter  and  coheir  of  Anthony  VValrond, 
efli|.  of  the  itame  island ;  aod  grandson  of 
the  Hon,  Joseph  Osborne  Bruce,  of 
Gartlet,  co.  Clackmannan,  some  time 
Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  Barbados, 
by  Jane,  daughter  and  sole  heir  of  Gcoeral 
Samuel  Barwick,  Governor  and  Com-- 
mander-tn-chief  of  Barbados.  The  Brucei 
of  Gartlet,  (which  eataie  was  sold  in  1768,) 
were  cadets  of  the  Bruces  of  Ken  net,  co. 
Clackmannan. 

Dr.  Brace  was  born  on  the  8tb  Jan. 
1786,  and  received  bia  education  at  Cod- 
ringtOQ  College,  Barbados,  being  originally 
intended  for  the  law  \  bnt  in  1804  he  ac* 
cepted  a  commission  in  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  army,  obtained  through 
the  influence  of  Major  Hew  Dalrymple 
of  the  49th,  who  had  married  his  first 
cousin.  He  saw  some  of  his  earliest  service 
afloat,  under  Lord  Nelson,  in  1905;  was 
present  at  the  capture  of  the  Danish 
Ulands  of  St.  Thomas,  St.  John,  and  St. 
2E 


210 


Obituary.— ilfar^tn  Charles  Burneyy  Esq. 


[Feb. 


Croix  in  1807  ;  served  at  the  siege  of  Fort 
Desaix  in  Martinique,  for  which  he  re- 
ceived a  medal  and  clasp ;  at  the  capture 
of  Les  Saintes  near  Guadaloupe ;  at  the 
bombardment  and  driving  from  their 
anchorage  of  the  French  fleet  in  1809;  and 
in  1810  at  the  capture  of  Guadaloupe,  for 
which  he  received  a  medal  and  clasp. 

Dr.  Bruce  served  in  the  Peninsula  in 
1813 ;  in  America  in  1814  and  1815,  and 
was  present  at  the  severe  actions  before 
New  Orleans  in  Jan.  1815;  also  at  the 
capture  of  Fort  Boyer,  &c.  In  May, 
1815,  he  joined  the  Duke  of  Wellington's 
army  in  the  I^etherlands,  and  finally  he 
was  present  at  Waterloo,  and  the  sub- 
sequent entry  into  Paris. 

Having  been  placed  on  half- pay  at  the 
peace,  he  was  appointed  in  1817,  on  the 
recommendation  of  Sir  Lowry  Cole,  to  be 
medical  attendant  in  the  family  of  Earl  de 
Grey  (then  Lord  Grantham) ;  and  he 
thereupon  settled  at  Ripon,  where  he  con- 
tinued to  reside  until  within  three  weeks 
of  his  death,  affording  his  professional 
adfice  and  assistance  to  Lords  de  Grey, 
Ripon,  Cowper,  and  Grantley,  to  the 
Bishop  of  the  diocese,  the  Dean,  and  all 
the  chief  families  of  the  neighbourhood. 
In  1824  he  was  appointed  Surgeon  and 
Lieutenant  in  the  Yorkshire  Hussar  corps 
of  Yeomanry  bavalry,  commanded  by  Earl 
de  Grey. 

He  married  on  the  19th  Feb.  1807, 
Susanna-Rollok,  daughter  of  Jacob  Skin- 
ner, esq.  and  niece  to  General  Skinner ; 
and  by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the  4th  May 
1808,  he  had  issue  a  son  Jacob  Skinner 
Bruce,  who  was  drowned  at  Grenada  in 
Dec.  1833.  Dr.  Bruce  married  secondly, 
Dec.  2,  1819,  Jane,  daughter  of  William 
Downing,  esq.  of  Studley  near  Ripon,  and 
has  left  surviving  issue,  tvro  sons,  1 .  Wil- 
liam Downing  Bruce »  esq.  F.S.A.  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  who  married  in  1847 
Louisa-Emily,  daughter  of  William  Plomer, 
esq.  of  LInbourn,  Midlothian,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Sir  William  Plomer,  Alder- 
~man  of  London  i  and  2.  Robert  Cathcart 
Dalrymple  Bruce,  Lieut.  29th  Foot ;  also 
two  daughters,  Elizabeth- Jane  and  Amabel- 
Emma. 


Martin  Charlbs  Burnby,  Esq. 

Oct.  20.  At  his  house,  James-street, 
Buckingham-gate,  Martin  Charles  Bur- 
ney,  esq.  barrister-at-law. 

Mr.  Burney,  the  representative  of  a  dis- 
tinguished family,  was  born  in  1788,  and 
received  his  education  under  the  late  Dr. 
Charles  Burney,  at  the  Greenwich  Classi- 
cal  Academy,  whence  so  many  first-rate 
icholari  and  remarkable  men  have  pro- 
ceeded.  Then,  having  chosen  the  law  as 
a  ponait,  bt  was  articled  to  Mr.  Sharon 


Turner,  the  learned  author  of  "  ITie  ttii- 
tory  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,'*  and  other 
works  of  the  highest  repute.  He  after- 
wards assisted,  under  Mr.  Rickman  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  in  drawing  up  the 
Population  and  Poor-law  Returns.  Subse- 
quently he  commenced  practising  as  a 
solicitor,  with  a  fair  prospect  of  success  : 
but  at  the  expiration  of  a  few  years, 
partly  urged  by  a  commendable  ambition, 
partly  in  deference  to  the  opinion  of  some 
friends  who  thought  hiiu  equal  to,  and 
entitled  to  aim  at,  the  higher  branch  of 
his  profession,  he  entered  himself  at  the 
Inner  Temple,  by  which  Society  he  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  1828.  Thrown  among 
almost  innumerable  competitors,  most  of 
whom  enjoyed  greater  advantages  of  per- 
son and  manner  than  he  could  boast, 
though  few  possessed  half  his  legal  know- 
ledge and  acumen,  he  made  little  progress 
as  an  advocate;  and  suffering,  too,  under 
an  indifferent  state  of  health,  he,  after  an 
ineffectual  struggle  to  maintain  his  posi- 
tion at  the  bar,  undertook  to  report  the 
proceedings  of  the  Rolls  Court  for  The 
Times  newspaper,  a  duty  which  he  per- 
formed with  ability  and  diligence  till  withui 
a  few  weeks  of  his  decease. 

Early  in  life  Mr.  Burney  entered  into  a 
hasty,  incompatible  marriage,  a  result  of 
that  obedience  to  self-will  which,  not  in 
this  instance  only,  interfered  much  with 
his  subsequent  views,  and  proved  to  him 
the  source  of  some  unhappiness.  But  his 
heart  was  sound  }  and  real,  active  benevo- 
lence was  as  marked  a  trait  in  his  charac- 
ter as  his  love  of  what  he  most  conscien- 
tiously thought  Truth,  which — though 
sometimes  evinced  with  small  deference  to 
the  opinions  of  others — neither  the  fear  of 
enmity  nor  the  temptation  of  reward  could 
in  the  slightest  degree  abate.  He  has  left 
a  widow,  but  no  children,  and  is  survived 
by  his  only  sister,  Mrs.  John  Payne,  who, 
during  some  years,  has  chiefly  resided  in 
Rome,  where  her  wit,  accomplishments, 
and  discretion  have  well  sustained  the  de- 
servedly high  national  character  of  our 
educated  female  classes. 

Mr.  Burney  is  mainly  entitled  to  this 
notice  as  representing  in  a  direct  line  a 
family  richly  endowed  with  mental  gifts  : 
and  likewise  on  account  of  his  acquaint- 
ance with  many  of  the  brightest  ornaments 
of  modern  English  literature ;  among  which 
are  names  never  to  be  forgotten — names 
that  cast  a  reflected  importance  on  all 
socially  connected  with  them.  He  was 
the  only  son  of  Rear-Admiral  James 
Burney,  F.R.S.  one  of  Cook's  Lieute- 
nants in  the  illustrious  circumnavigator's 
two  last  voyages,  and  author  of  "  A  Chro- 
nological History  of  Voyages  of  Discovery 
in  the  South  Seas/* «  volnminoas^  elabo- 


1853.]     Obituary.— %/am*#  Francis  Stephens^  Esq.  F.L.S.        211 


rate,  and  most  authentic  work,  besides 
other  publications,  and  papers  in  the 
Philosophical  Transactions,  relative  to 
geographical  and  nautical  matters.  The 
admiral  was  the  eldest  son  of  Charles 
Barney,  Mus.  Doc,  F.R.S.,  the  erudite 
author  of  the  well  known  "  History  of 
Music,"  —  the  intimate  friend  of  Dr. 
Johnson,  and  a  member  of  that  celebrated 
Literary  Club  composed  of  so  many  emi- 
nent persons,  over  which  the  great  lexico- 
graper,  moralist,  and  critic  virtually  pre- 
sided. The  late  Rev.  Charles  Burney, 
D.D,  F.R.S.  before  mentioned,  who,  to- 
gether with  Porson  and  Parr  formed  a 
triumvirate  whose  pre-eminence  as  Greek 
scholars  is  fully  recognised,  was  the  uncle 
of  Mr.  Burney ;  and  Madame  D'Arblay 
(Dr.  Johnson's  **  dear  Fanny  Burney"), 
whose  fame  was  so  widely-spread  by  her 
two  clever  novels,  "  Evelina"  and  *'  Ce- 
cilia," and  whose  Memoirs  of  her  father 
and  of  herself  throw  no  faint  light  on  the 
literary  period  in  which  she  lived,  and  on 
the  court  and  family  of  George  I  IT.— was 
bis  aunt,  and  bequeathed  him  a  handsome 
annuity,  an  example  soon  after  followed 
by  her  half-sister.  Miss  Sarah  Burney,  the 


writer  of  two  novels  much  read  when  first 
published.  And  this  list  would  be  incom- 
plete without  the  names  of  Mr.  Burney^s 
cousins,  Charles  Parr  Burney,  D.D.,F.R.S., 
the  present  highly  esteemed  Archdeacon 
of  Colchester ;  and  of  Mr.  Edward  Bur- 
ney, a  pupil  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  and 
an  artist  distinguished  by  the  truth  and 
elegant  taste  of  his  numerous  designs, 
who  died  in  or  about  the  year  1848,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  88. 

Among  those  distinguished  literary  cha< 
racters  with  whom  Mr.  Burney  was  more 
or  less  intimately  acquainted,  and  who 
knew  how  to  estimate  his  good  qualities, 
were  Godwin,  Southey,  Coleridge,  Words- 
worth, Hazlitt,  Basil  Montagu,  Q.C.  and 
the  friend  and  survivor  of  them  all,  Mr. 
Justice  Talfourd.  But  the  one  he  loved 
with  a  more  than  fraternal  aflfection,  and 
whom,  indeed,  it  was  impossible  to  know 
well  and  not  to  love,  was  Charles  Lamb. 
That  this  feeling  was  reciprocated  must  be 
inferred  from  the  following  Sonnet,  pre- 
fixed to  the  second  volume  of  **  Works  by  , 
Charles  Lamb,"  by  the  truthful  author 
of  those  original  and  deeply  thoughtful 
Essays  : — 


To  Martin  Charles  Burney,  Esq. 

Forgive  me,  Burney,  if  to  thee  these  late 
And  hasty  products  of  a  critic  pen. 
Thyself  no  common  judge  of  books  and  men, 

In  feeling  of  thy  worth  I  dedicate. 

My  verse  was  offered  to  an  older  friend  ;* 
The  humbler  prose  has  fallen  to  thy  share  : 
Nor  could  I  miss  the  occasion  to  declare. 

What  spoken  in  thy  presence  must  offend — 

That,  set  aside  some  few  caprices  wild, 

Those  humorous  clouds  that  flit  o*er  brighter  days. 
In  all  thy  th readings  of  this  worldly  maze, 

(And  1  have  watched  thee  almost  from  a  child.) 
Free  from  self-seeking,  envy,  low  design, 
I  have  not  found  a  whiter  soul  than  thine. 


Jamks  Francis  Stephens,  Esq.  F.L.S. 

Dec.  21.  In  Foxley-road,  Kennington, 
in  his  61st  year,  James  Francis  Stephens, 
esq.  F.L.S.  late  President  of  the  Entomo- 
logical Society. 

He  was  born  at  Shoreham,  in  Sussex, 
Sept.  IGth,  1792.  For  at  least  forty  years 
he  has  been  known  as  an  enthusiastic 
naturalist,  and  has  attained  the  highest 
reputation  as  an  entomologist.  In  early 
life  he  edited  some  of  the  volumes  of  Shaw's 
"General  Zoology,*'  and  he  has  left  his  name 
as  an  authority  in  other  branches  of  that 
science  besides  entomology.  But  it  is  as 
the  author  of  many  valuable  volumes  on 
British  insects  that  he  has  acquired  a  more 
than  Euroi)ean  reputation.  In  1827  he 
commenced  to  publish  his  great  work  on 


the  insect  portion  of  the  British  Fauna, 
completing  the  orders  Lepidoptera,  Coleop- 
tera,  Orthoptera,  and  Neuroptera,  and  one 
or  two  families  of  the  Hymenoptera.  This 
work,  *'  Illustrations  of  British  Entomo- 
logy," was  illustrated  by  Messrs.  C.  Curtis 
and  Westwood.  His  "  Manual  of  Coleop- 
tera"  is  another  indispensable  work  to 
the  collector  desirous  of  naming  bis  spe- 
cimens. The  last  works  prepared  by  him 
were  the  "  Catalogues  of  British  Lepidop- 
tera," in  the  collection  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum, which  contain  the  largest  amount 
of  valuable  references  ever  brought  toge- 
ther, and  drawn  up  in  the  clearest  and 
plainest  way.  In  the  "Zoological  Jour- 
nal," and  other  periodical  works  detoted 
to  natural  history,  are  various  papers  and 


*  S.  T.  Coleridge. 


212 


Obituary. — Richard  Pahnevy  Esq. 


[Feb. 


communicationi  by  him.  One  of  the  finest 
and  most  remarkable  Coleoptera  ever  dis- 
covered, the  Chiasognathus  Grantii,  was 
described  by  him  in  the  *'  Cambridge  Phi- 
losophical Transactions ; ''  excepting  this, 
his  descriptions,  so  far  as  we  know,  were 
limited  to  members  of  the  British  Fauna. 
Here  he  was  almost  without  a  rival,  his 
collection  being  the  largest  and  most  com- 
plete in  Britain.  He  was  one  of  the  best 
collectors  of  the  objects  of  his  studies. 
Darent  and  Combe  Woods  were  for  many 
years  visited  nearly  every  week,  and  during 
his  holidays  he  spent  his  time  at  Ripley  in 
Surrey,  or  at  Hertford,  annually  bringing 
home  with  him  thousands  of  specimens  ; 
he  also  purchased  largely.  The  Mar- 
sbamian  Collection,  and  great  part  of  Mr. 
Haworth's  Lepidopterous  Insects,  were 
incorporated  with  his  own.  His  house 
and  collections  were  freely  open  to  stu- 
dents. His  knowledge  of  all  the  orders 
of  British  insects  was  quite  extraordinary, 
as  was  his  minute  memory  of  their  names, 
*  synonymes,  habits,  and  often  even  of  cir- 
cumstances connected  with  the  individual 
specimens  in  his  immense  collection.  He 
was  most  liberal  in  communicating  his 
information  to  others. — Literary  Gazette. 


Richard  Palmer,  Esq. 

Dec.  13.  At  Preston,  in  his  80th  year, 
Richard  Palmer,  esq.  for  more  than  half  a 
century  Town  Clerk  of  that  borough,  and 
one  of  her  Majesty's  Coroners  for  the 
county  of  Lancaster. 

Mr.  Palmer  was  born  at  Lancaster  on 
the  23rd  Feb.  1773.  His  parents  were 
Robert  and  Elizabeth  Palmer,  persons  oc- 
cupying a  humble  position  in  life,  and  who 
afterwards  kept  the  White  Horse  Inn  at 
Preston,  conducted  by  Mr.  Robert  Palmer 
until  his  death,  and  afterwards  with  credit 
and  success  for  many  years  by  his  widow. 
When  about  twelve  years  old  their  son  was 
introduced  to  the  office  of  Mr.  Nicholas 
Grimshaw,  in  which  he  remained  for  life, 
in  the  several  relations  of  office-boy,  clerk, 
partner,  and  principal.  He  was  articled 
on  the  6th  June,  1788,  admitted  attorney 
at  the  March  assizes  of  1794,  and  became 
Mr.  Grimshaw^s  partner  in  Dec.  1799. 
In  the  preceding  month,  viz.  on  the  13th 
Not.  1799,  Mr.  Palmer  was  elected  one 
of  the  coroners  for  the  county,  and,  though 
he  retained  that  office  for  more  than  fifty- 
three  years,  it  is  remarkable  that  both  his 
competitors  are  still  living — Mr.  Forshaw, 
about  a  year  his  senior  in  age,  and  Mr. 
Win  Stanley,  a  few  years  younger, 

Mr.  Palmer  was  elected  Town  Clerk  of 
Preston  in  1801.  He  officiated  in  that  ca- 
pacity at  the  three  guilds  of  1802.  1822, 
and  1842,  an  event  without  parallel  in  the 
municipal  annals  of  the  town,  and  which 


was  commemorated  on  the  last  occasion 
by  a  medal  struck  in  honour  of  this  worthy 
gentleman.  The  office  of  clerk  to  the 
magistrates  of  the  borough  was  conjoined 
to  the  town  clerkship.  In  the  year  1851, 
when  the  Preston  Improvement  Commis- 
sioners were  constituted,  Messrs.  Grim- 
shaw and  Palmerwere  appointed  the  clerks. 
Mr.  Grimshaw  was  also  clerk  to  the  county 
magistrates  for  the  division ;  he  was  one 
of  the  clerks  of  the  Court  of  Chancery  for 
Lancashire,  and  also  the  cursitor  for  the 
court.  Mr.  Palmer  was  registrar  for  the 
Borough  Court  of  Common  Pleas  ;  clerk 
to  the  Commissioners  of  Assessed  Taxes ; 
afterwards,  also,  to  the  Commissioners  of 
the  Income  and  Property  Tax.  He  was 
clerk  to  the  Garstang  and  Preston  Turn- 
pike Trust,  and  Mr.  Grimshaw  was  clerk 
to  the  Penworthom  Bridge  Trust  and  the 
Preston  and  Blackburn  Turnpike  Trust. 
The  firm  were  clerks  to  the  vestry  of  the 
parish,  and  solicitors  to  the  overseers  and 
select  vestry  of  the  old  regime ;  and  these, 
indeed,  are  only  a  few  of  their  public  ap- 
pointments. The  whole  of  the  public  offices 
held  by  Mr.  Grimshaw  were,  at  his  death 
in  1835,  conferred  on  Mr.  Palmer ;  and 
on  the  7th  Oct.  1850  Mr.  Palmer  was  ap- 
pointed clerk  to  the  Local  Board  of  Health, 
on  that  body  superseding  the  Improve- 
ment Commissioners.  In  addition,  Messrs. 
Grimshaw  and  Palmer  had  one  of  the  best 
agency  businesses  in  the  county,  and  an 
excellent  private  practice.  Mr.  Grimshaw, 
also,  no  less  than  eleven  times  served  the 
office  of  under-sheriff  of  the  county.  As 
may  be  judged  from  these  appointments, 
the  emoluments  of  the  firm  were  very  con- 
siderable. Mr.  Grimshaw  died  possessed 
of  much  wealth,  and  Mr.  Palmer,  who  re- 
mained through  life  a  bachelor, has  amassed 
a  large  fortune. 

With  one  exception,  Mr.  Palmer  re- 
tained the  whole  of  his  appointments  until 
his  death.  On  the  12th  of  Feb.  1852  he 
resigned  his  office  of  clerk  to  the  local 
body,  receiving,  by  a  unanimous  vote,  the 
thanks  of  the  board  for  his  attention  to 
the  duties  of  the  office.  He  was  confined 
to  his  house  for  only  ten  days  preceding 
his  death,  and  continued  to  attend  to  the 
arduous  duties  of  his  many  offices  until 
Friday  the  26th  of  November. 

Mr.  Palmer,  as  may  readily  be  conceived 
from  his  connection  with  the  old  corpora- 
tion, was  in  politics  a  "good  old  Tory," 
but  be  never  obtruded  his  political  opioioos 
on  others ;  and  since  the  "good  old  times," 
when  the  corporation  was  a  close  one,  he 
has  not  even  voted,  from  a  desire,  probably, 
as  his  public  duties  were  discharged  towards 
a  body  no  longer  unanimous  on  such  mat- 
ters, to  avoid  even  the  apj)earance  of  a 
clashing  of  opinions.    He  had  no  lym- 


18530 


Obituary, — Eev>  Joseph  GUbert. 


218 


pfttby  at  any  time  with  the  noisy  ebul- 
lition of  party  feeling,  and  conisidered  each 
man  to  discharge  hi  a  duty  best  hy  attend - 
log  to  the  calb  upon  his  labonr  in  h is  own 
circle. 

Hia  lirat  visit  to  the  assizeii  at  Lancaster 
was  paid  in  March  1769,  and  with  one  ex- 
eeptioHt  visi.  at  the  March  assizes  of  1791, 
he  visited  professionally  every  assises  until 
his  death.  His  lost  journey  to  Lancaster 
was  on  the  7th  of  Augdat,  1852^  hting  his 
127th  visit  at  the  assizes.  Such  a  series 
of  professional  Tisits  is  without  a  parallel. 
During  thot  time  he  had  seen  many 
changes ;  bar  and  hench  had  often  been 
replenished,  and  more  than  one  junior 
barrister  had  gone  through  the  arduous 
task  of  making  a  position  for  himself 
aoQong  those  learned!  in  the  IjiW,  earned 
his  way  to  the  heoch,  and  been  removed 
from  it  by  the  hand  of  death.  At  the  time 
of  his  decease  Mr.  Palmer  waa  the  oldest 
Town  Clerk  and  tfae  oldest  Coroner  in 
England. 

Id  his  private  charities  be  was  moi^t 
liberal  and  unostentatious  \  to  his  tenants 
he  waa  ever  indulgent,  and  a  marked  trait 
in  bis  character  was  the  punctuality  with 
which  he  discharged  all  his  accounts.  To 
be  in  debt  was  with  bim  to  be  in  pain. 
Mr,  Palmer's  demeanour  was  such  that  he 
could  not  possibly  have  any  enemies ;  he 
earned  general  respect  among  all  classes  of 
the  community,  by  whom  hia  many  amiable 
qualities  were  generally  appreciated. — 
Abridged  f torn  the  Preston  Chronicle, 


RkT.  JOSIFH  GlLBKRT. 

Dec.  12,  la  his  74th  year^  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Gilbert,  Pastor  of  the  Independent 
church  in  Priar-lane,  Nottingham. 

Mr.  Gilbert  wa£  considered  one  of  the 
most  able  men  in  the  ranks  of  Protestant 
diseetit*  He  was  bom  at  Wrangle,  in 
Lincolnshire,  and  was  in  early  life  iu- 
tended  for  boeinesa,  of  which  he  had  in- 
deed so  mach  general  knowledge,  as  to 
render  bis  advice,  even  in  secular  con* 
cerns,  highly  valuabIL^  to  his  friends.  Dut 
he  relinquished  all  such  engage  men  ta  for 
study  under  the  celebrated  Dr.  Edward 
Williamsi  at  the  college  at  Rotherham, 
and  after  an  honourable  career  in  that  iusti- 
tution*  cotnmenoed  his  pastoral  duties  at 
Southend,  in  Essei.  From  tbence,  after 
■bout  eighteen  months,  he  was  recalled  to 
RotherhiuiiT  to  dustain  the  responsible 
office  of  classical  tutor  in  the  college.  In 
conjunction  with  this  he  held  the  paatorutc 
of  the  Nether  chapel  in  Sheffield.  On 
the  death  of  the  Rev.  G.  Lambert  of  Hull, 
be  wa«  invited  to  succeed  him  at  Fish- 
itreet  chapel  in  that  town,  to  which  be 
•4iceded»  although  at  the  iame  time  he 
was  urgently  solicited  to  uke  the  charge 
of  the  chorch  at  Worcester,  now  under 


the  care  of  Dr.  Redford.  The  demands  of 
so  large  a  congregation  as  that  at  Hull 
sensibly  affected  his  health,  und  a  severe 
ilhiesSf  occasioned  hy  intense  sympathy 
with  a  family  under  sudden  severe  aJAic- 
tiont  so  greatly  impaired  it  as  to  reader 
a  chiinge  to  less  onerous  duties  desirable. 
He  therefore  accepted  a  cnli  to  Notting- 
ham in  1826,  and  continued  pastor  of  the 
IndcjjenJent  churcb  in  Friar-lane  until  hia 
death. 

Mr.  Gilbert's  discourses*  were  difitia- 
fished  by  a  flow  of  diction  and  a  copious- 
Dcss  of  espre^aion  rnrely  equalled,  and  he 
brought  forth  from  the  storehouse  of  a 
highly-cultivated  mind  those  treasures  of 
wisdom  and  learning  which  adorned  hii 
pulpit  addresses  and  delighted  and  pro- 
fited his  hearers.  The  Patriot  newspaper, 
in  paying  a  tribute  to  his  memory,  sayi 
that  he  sustained  the  cause  of  Evangelical 
Nonconformity  not  less  by  the  amiablenesa 
of  his  manners  and  the  blnmelessness  of 
his  life  than  by  hia  eloquence  aaa  preacher, 
his  learning  us  a  Divine,  and  hia  fidelity 
to  principle  as  a  Protestant  Dissenter- 
In  this  respect,  indeed,  he  was  laomewhat 
in  advance  both  of  his  brethren  and  the 
times,  being  one  of  those  who,  on  the 
accession  of  the  Whigs  to  power,  deemed 
it  not  premature  to  urge  ujwn  Earl  Grey, 
then  prime  minister,  the  importance  and 
Qceessity  of  taking  immediate  measures 
for  the  separation  of  the  Church  from  the 
State. 

As  an  author  Mr.  Gilbert  did  not  appear 
so  frequently  before  the  public,  as  with 
his  Ane  nnd  subtle  talents,  and  most  re> 
spectable  literary  attainments,  he  would 
have  been  jostitied  in  doing.  With  the 
exception  of  a  few  pamphlets,  or  aingle 
discourf^s,  and  uccasional  contributioni 
to  the  pages  of  the  Eclectic  Review  and 
other  periodicab,  we  are  aware  of  but  two 
principal  productions  of  his  pen.  This  is 
the  more  remarkable,  since  he  wrote  with- 
out difficuTty,  and  with  some  tendency  to 
volttminousneas,  even  in  minor  compo- 
sitions«  He  presented  the  public  with  a 
memoir  of  Dr.  WilUams,  in  which  he  ex- 
hibits the  ardent  devotion  of  a  pupil  to 
his  master.  In  his  cbief  work,  '*The 
ChrisEioji  Atonement/'  that  devotion  fur- 
ther  appears  by  a  certain  similnritf  in  style 
mid  treatment  to  the  manner  of  tbe  pro- 
found metaphysician,  who  doubtless  was 
ever  present  to  his  mind  as  tlie  model  of  a 
philosophical  divine*  This  work  contains 
the  counje  which,  in  1835,  Mr.  Gilbert 
delivered  in  coanexioa  with  the  Congre- 
gational LccUire,  being  the  third  course  of 
that  valuable  series.  After  a  lapse  of  more 
than  fifteen  years  he  was  CdlLed  upon  to 
prepare  this  excellent  work  for  a  new  and 
cheaper  editiou;  and  in  a  brief  preface, 
dated  so  recently  as  the  20th  Sept,  1B52, 


214 


Clergy  Deceased. 


[Feb. 


be  observes,  ''  This  revisal  was  specially 
pleasant  to  me,  because,  in  passing  through 
it,  I  did  not  discern  anything  material,  or 
anything  in  thought,  which  I  should  wish 
to  alter.  My  views  of  the  necessity  and 
nature  of  the  Atonement  are  the  same. 
That  which  was  my  firm  belief  then  is  my 
firm  belief  now.  Verging,  as  I  now  am, 
on  the  limit  of  mortal  life,  the  first  in- 
quiry of  human  nature,  '  What  shall  I  do 
to  be  saved  ?  *  assumes  an  unspeakable 
importance.  There  (in  the  New  Testa- 
ment) I  find  the  one  answer,  '  Believe  on 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  thou  shalt  be 
laved.*  That  this  simple  reply  involved 
and  intended  '  substitution '  I  cannot  ques- 
tion ;  and  I  rejoice  once  more  to  attest 
my  reliance  upon  it,  my  earnest  cordial 
recommendation  of  it  as  the  sole  solid 
dependence,  the  only  consolation  left  to 
the  spirit  in  the  prospect  of  its  final  ac- 
count." With  such  sentiments  did  this 
earnest  and  devoted  man  await  the  near 
approach  of  dissolution,  and  in  the  full 
confidence  of  such  a  dependence  he  lived 
and  died. 

Mr.  Gilbert  married  Ann,  sister  of  the 
well-known  Jane  Taylor,  of  Ongar,  and 
joint  authoress  of  the  celebrated  and 
widely-circulated  **  Original  Poems,"  and 
he  has  left  his  widow  with  a  large  family 
of  sons  and  daughters. 

CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Aug.  4.  At  Amoy,  the  Rev.  Edward  Evam^ 
Consular  Chaplain . 

Bept.  21.  At  Aldwick,  Bofcnor,  aged  83,  the  Rev. 
Tkcmtu  SctUt^  formerly  of  New  college,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1793,  M.A.  1798.  Mr.  Scntt  was  one  of  the 
largest  landowners  in  Brighton.  He  was  formerly 
the  possessor  of  the  Wick  estate,  which  he  sold  to 
jtoron  Goldsmid  for  a  large  sum.  He  has  died 
worth,  it  is  said,  150,000/.  leaving  a  son  (now  in 
France)  and  a  daughter,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Johnson  of  lAchfieiA.—BrigMon  Gazette. 

Sept.  24.  At  Newhaven,  N.  B.  the  Rev.  Wmiam 
Beattie  Smith,  M.A.  retired  Chaplain  of  Edinburgh 
Castle,  to  which  he  was  appointed  in  1838. 

Sept.  25.  At  the  parsonage,  Fairfield,  near 
Liverpool,  the  Rev.  John  Btubbt  Bushby,  of  Bra»e- 
noae  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1847,  M.A.  1850. 

Sept.  27.  At  the  vicarage,  Yealrapton,  the  Rev. 
W.  S.  Jaines,  Curate  of  Revel  stoke. 

Sept.  28.  At  Alston,  Cumberland,  aged  79,  the 
Rev.  Hugh  Salrin,  Vicar  of  that  place  (1841) 
and  a  magistrate  of  the  county.  His  parish  had 
been  much  improved  by  his  active  exertions,  es- 
pecially in  the  erection  of  parochial  schools,  and 
of  a  new  church  in  one  of  the  chapelrics.  He  was 
of  St.  Jolyi's  college,  Cambridge,  M.B.  1795. 

Oct.  5.  The  Rev.  John  Beavor  Webb,  Rector  of 
Dunderrow,  dioc.  Cloync. 

Oct.  \l.  At  Knockmoumc  parsonage, co.  Cork , 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Spread  Campion,  D.D,  Vicar  of 
Ballynoe. 

Oct.  14.  At  Bareilly,  Bengal,  the  Rev.  James 
Boustead,  Chaplain  to  the  East  India  Company. 

At  Mullaghmore,  the  Rev.  W.  8.  Cuthbert,  Perp. 
Curate  of  Edenderry. 

At  the  Grove,  Kingsland,  Shrewsbury,  aged  28, 
the  Rev.  Etjenezer  Brocas  Ifoaiett,  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Mr.  John  Howell,  of  Shrewsbury.  He  was 
of  Corpus  Christi  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1848. 

Oct.  16.  The  Rev.  Richard  St.  Leger  Chirmery, 
Curate  of  St.  Anne,  Shandon,  Cork. 


At  his  glebe  house,  the  Rev.  Mungo  Nolde 
Thompson,  Prebendary  of  Kilbragh,  In  the  chap- 
ter of  Cashel,  and  Rector  and  Vicar  of  the  union 
of  Templetuohy. 

Oct.  17.  At  Claxby,  Line,  the  Rev.  WiOiatn 
Dodson,  Rector  of  Well  with  Claxby  (1812),  and 
Vicar  of  Edlington  (1817).  He  was  of  St.  John's 
college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1804,  M.A.  1808,  B.D.  I8I7. 

At  Tiffleld,  Northamptonshire,  aged  52,  the  Rev. 
John  Thomas  Flesher,  Rector  of  that  place.  He 
was  of  Lincoln  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1828,  M.A. 
1825 ;  and  was  presented  to  his  living  in  1832. 

Oct.  21.  At  the  vicarage,  West  Haddon ,  North- 
amptonshire, the  Rev.  John  Spence,  Rector  of  Cul- 
worth  (1820)  in  that  county.  He  was  of  Trinity 
college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1814,  M.A.  1817. 

Oct.  23.  At  Abbess  Roding,  Essex,  aged  70,  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Dyer,  Rector  of  that  parish.  He  was 
formerly  Fellow  of  Wadham  college,  Oxford,  and 
graduated  B.A.  1804,  M.A.  1809.  He  was  insti- 
tuted to  Abbess  Roding,  which  was  hi  his  own 
patronage,  in  1828. 

Oct.  24.  At  Leyland,  Lane,  aged  59,  tlie  Rev. 
Gardiner  Baldwin,  Vicar  of  that  place  (1824).  He 
was  of  Brasenose  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1814, 
M.A. 1825. 

At  Canterbury,  aged  fi4,  the  Rev.  Francis  DaW" 
son.  Canon  of  Canterbury  and  Vicar  of  East  Peck- 
ham,  Kent.  He  was  of  Trinity  coll^fe,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1812,  M.A.  1816,  B.D.  1825.  He  was 
nominated  a  Canon  of  Canonbury  in  1833,  and  in- 
stituted to  the  vicarage  of  East  Peckham  in  1846. 

Oct.  25.  At  Braintree,  Essex,  aged  89,  the  Rev. 
Ferryman  Wakeham,  Rector  of  Little  Saxham, 
Suffolk.  He  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  Very 
Rev.  Nicholas  Wakeham,  D.D.  Dean  and  Rector 
of  Rocking.  He  was  of  (;aius  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1787,  M.A.  1790. 

Oct.  26.  At  the  glebe,  Kilkeedy,  the  Rev.  John 
Lucas,  Rector  of  Kilkeedy  and  Inchicronan,  dioc. 
Killaloe. 

Aged  66,  the  Rev.  John  Thomas  Parker,  Rector 
of  Bllton  and  Vicar  of  Nevbold  on  Avon,  War- 
wickshire. He  was  of  Christchurch,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1809,  M.A.  1812,  and  was  instituted  to  both  his 
livings  in  1817. 

Oct.  27.  At  Happisburgh,  Norfolk,  the  Rev. 
Charles  Birch,  Vicar  of  tJiat  place  (1830). 

At  Clifton  Reynes,  Bucks,  aged  76,  the  Rev. 
Harry  Alexander  Small,  Rector  of  that  place 
(1832)  and  of  Haversham  ( 1828).  He  was  the  last 
surviving  son  of  the  late  Alexander  Small,  esq.  of 
Clifton  hall ;  and  was  a  member  of  Downing  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  LL.B.  1830. 

Oct.  28.  At  Dublin,  aged  60,  the  Rev.  George 
Hamilton  Ash,  Rector  of  Lower  Cumber,  Deny. 
He  was  the  younger  son  of  William  Hamilton,  esq. 
who  took  the  additional  name  of  Ash,  and  died 
in  1821 ,  by  Miss  Elizabeth  Harriet  Henderson ;  and 
brother  to  the  present  William  Hamilton  Aah,  esq. 
of  Ashbrook,  co.  Londonderry.  He  was  formerly 
liector  of  Ballyscullion,  in  wat  county,  and  he 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas 
Spotewood,  by  whom  he  leaves  issue. 

From  an  accident,  the  Rev.  John  Barnes,  Perp. 
Curate  of  Bassenthwaite  (1835)  CumberUnd. 

Oct.  29.  At  Leintwardine,  Heref.  aged  51,  the 
Rev.  Wmiani  Lotcth,  Vicar  of  that  parish  (1838). 
He  was  of  Christchurch,  Oxford,  B.A.  1824. 

Oct.  30.  At  Llaniestyn,  Carnarvonshire,  aged  75, 
the  Rev.  Robert  Jones,  Rector  of  that  place  (1824). 

Ort.  31.  At  Queen's  house,  Barbados,  aged  27, 
the  Rev.  Edward  Dix  Wood,  late  Curate  of  West 
Lulworth  and  Burton,  Dorset ;  second  son  of  his 
Excellency  Lieut. -Gien.  Wood,  C.B.  Commander 
of  the  Forces  in  the  Windward  and  Leeward 
Islands.  He  was  educated  at  Kensington  gram- 
mar-school, and  at  Exeter  college,  Oxford ;  where 
he  graduated  B.A.  1847,  M.A.  1850. 

Lately.  At  Kandy,  Cej\on,  the  Rev.  Henry  Her- 
mann Von  Dadelszen. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  La  Naute,  Rector  of  Temple- 
port,  Ireland. 

The  Rev.  Thmnas  Lotery,  M.A.  for  fifbr-eight 
years  Rector  of  Cloghemey,  archd.  Armagh.  The 


1^58.] 


Clergy  Deceased* 


215 


I 


lulv 


the  lU. 
ulnce. 
DA    1 


PTflou  f  f  thlh  Uvlnf.the  anniul  phIuo  of  whkh 
1*^*1  purchased  by  Trintty  coUf^, 

1 1  Id,    Brecon,    tUe  lt«v,  AiAn    M, 
of  tluit  ijljice  (lf*4T),  <f)4l  Perp, 

,  where  he  wft<  on  ii  visit   tij  tu> 

iiU;:i".  EllL't,  Laiinuihtre.  a^^ni, 
jpjjon,  I»erp.  Curnte  of  thur 
irlnity  coUcg<e,  Cumbridjr*^, 


vUlv.l  ,<JT)    nf   tin;    K*;v.  Uj.  Iiurl  '  iL-r'^'V^.  i .. yl).,  lif 

Ucliiion,  who  died  in   184^,    (^t^c   our  v(A.    xvH. 

p,    HTV  y.y  Cluirity,  d4U.    r.fWnt     IM)1,   .-'i.  of 

i'  >'  -  k,     He  wtt*  >it    ' 

»i  LH09.     Hem. 

.v  I  ;iiter  of  ChuE  i 

I>Uj»ori[j. 

jTiw.  n.  At  Edinliunrh,  Hi«  Rov,  T^f^ma4  /ifwr, 
rVrp.  Curate  of  St,  Matthew's,  Rugby  ( I»i46>.  K(i 
w»4  of  Slii«d«h5n  hftll^OxJbrd.  B,A.  l8St>.  M^.  l»lii:<. 

JTtw.  6.  At  Rui^by » agc<l  ?iO,  ttie  Rev .  7<inw«  /\!<«f • 
JW^frff/r».  'fiTru'  tinif!   RiMrlor  of  Clonmel,  Ireliuitl. 


]low  of  Wndhiira  collcipPt  fHt- 
1  ;  A.  Idl-j,  M.A    inai*, 

-ter^ftgedtsi»  the  Re*.  ./Mw 
<  '  !  r  1 1.  Ill-  of  Ik'wdlev,   Won%  (1*14). 

lU  ■  I-  M  ^i.  Edward  tmW,  Oxford.  IV. A.  IHOI, 
M  \  I- "7  Mint,  Ijcforo  hi5  }ironnotton  io  Ijttwrdk'y, 
vs  ,  a  years  Cumto  of  JMhiKvfonl.     He 

M  ,  mtnlater  of  Hir  Evdngvllcnl  (»cr- 

"1  ii  unw^ried  ndTuvut<!'  tut  «cho(di 

'ill! 

.    Rev.  Thomas  At/mS  mndtdmd, 
i^  Inn  (l^sr?),  t'o.  Woir*-»N.«r.     H?  wi** 

UK'   nil!    '  .....-.--  K-  — ;     ....     '      ^ 

mndbijii 

Bei  waft  111  ileriiiin  i,-»'i!irKi%  vvMru.  li  a.  iw/»,  .il..'V 

jV<*r.  n.    Age<l  40,,  the  Rev.  fT<»r»  r/^iw^M  ff*/. 
HilltJ^*  Canute  of  Tonbridge,  Kent,     r  '  "  nw 

Ijiti  liatl,  Oxford,  B.A.  \^U,  SI, A  i- 

fi«ni1  ^$m»  Btteod4?d  hy  nwirlv  two  * 


er- 


.  M 


^'Mv, 


At    I'  !- 

i!.A.  tKitl.  M.A.  IH34. 

/ITor,  !i.  At  tlic  rixioryt  HfHi(thli.i»-le-Ski?rnp, 
Durhaui,  the  Ruv.  ThomoM  DitUon,  «*scond  mn  of 
J{lchard  Daltoii^  cmri,  l»te  »f  Ouidovor  Hoitsi^ 
Jlant* 

JTm.  10.     AtFf''^      '*'     1     T»        -     ''f*.)R9,th« 

ri  (1794) 
I  Etettr 

Atfi^i 
rmMi&f.  Hew 

Uie  ■»«"  ■  .^,,    <  j,.t.>L ..  ^, ,  -.  ifcrtfftrtit,  a 

( ta  o«  Liii4««7,  by  bamb  only 
^4411  >  ](«  RaMnMMl,  614.  of  B«ver- 

ten  Trtttn'.    iV:>11r<.rii       f '.iiiiTjrht Ltt*^ 

n  ■^/. 

«■:  v-.l 

a  >.....-    ! ,  -..:-,.,   .iiul 


^^        Of  iM  iab 


iftw,  artd  llin» 

r,  Corn- 
rd,    B.A. 

'iA^  tbe 

,      utftit  Wfl 

Of  IM  iabe  K«Y.  JiMei»U  lU^^at  ii4i»ci«  U^.  Trtn^ 


luul  tjwue  n  «o)i,  t.> 
nf  Iho  Inner  Templi 
dftnghtrri^ 

No*\  m.    A' 
Fm9t\  Hoctor 


cipjd  of  Hniloybiiry  eoUego.    He  «  as  of  St.  John*! 
collt^^c,  Cambridge^  B.A,  \^b\. 
At  Brifiiliton,  atea  30,  this  Ut^r.  Jr^rmMM* 


ciMK  ot  ^' 

VlPAT 

colk'if*-, 
At   W 

/.  c.  y- 

Vft|«  (1- 


^rth.s.c  \...  \.kt.^  Curatf  of  Ban* 
rgt  i^kipwortfi, 

.  .  ThoitiitM  Ebdtm^ 
i  S  he  »r«i  L>f  'lYtliltr 
)0. 

rt',  H^ed  (JT*  the  Het. 
•yt  VViiieahy  and  Stalukin'le* 

:.  the  Re?,  /amn  fAtkit,  B.A. 
Holy  Trinity,  WlUenhiill,  Staf- 


«  Rev.  /,  fl.  Mtmn,  Rector  of  St, 
I  HtbRn,  a&d  Cliancellor  of  St,  Pn» 

■  r:j^Ti,'!ijiuin-ijTac-t\  N'lL'w  Km:hL  Lnn- 

■     T     of 

Kly 

■  •    ■.v;il 

. ! ; , I  uxemtiljLi'y  pJciy ,  ul  ijvntlti 

'  iicort ;  and  lia»  left  a  mldow 

y<>^\    27.         At     hi,      1.  .        .  I  r^^ 

■JT.  the  JIcv.  t'l^i/w  ik* 

«toi»e,  SufTolk.    He  1   irn- 

hrldce,  B.A,  1317,  MA,  H20.  iii^  a?iimicti  the 
nddltjgnal  name  oTD'Eye  niter  taklnif  his  Bncbe- 
tor"»  degree. 

AV.Sfl  At  Miiritwuiigli,  Aged  m,  the  Ktv, 
Thiwuns  A/ry!rr^  Mii'^lor  ol  Iht^  ltuj,t!  J-ree  School, 
ttijil  Vicar  of  Baydrm,  Wilt,  rfsrui  Ih^  uft*  of 
IVnihroko  college,  <  I  j|, 

Aifedf»3,  the  Rev  ,jf 

11 ,1       "  1"   '  ■■  .  .  i'ji_ 

-^'  'i.oiq,  of 

ii.iil,  .Non.". 

^'K  At  Cilia In-ldfC,  suddenly,  by  a  Ikll 
1  liorso,  In  hi*  SHtJi  year,  the  Rer.  Oeorgt 
//  >"  '^^  M.A.,  Follow  and  AiliiCttnt  Tutor  of 
Chriit'i  coUege,  and  one  of  tbo  Pro^f'ttictora  of 
that  Univorsi^.  Be  iraa  tlui  Km  of  the  Her  John 
HovsoD,   M.A.  Bfloond    Itaxter   v'   '  kk 

Gnunmar  ^chixi^  Yorkahlrt  t  be  A, 

1MI»,  IfA,  li^ai  I  and  H'aafor  a  ni  .^ 

Prtndpal  of  the  OollevialB  Inatituuon  ui  1.1  rer- 

Dtc.  I.    At  Qlouceiler.  aged  it.  Ibi  Bvr.  JltajpA 


i/i^wAei  irdliaau. 


At  Wliltchorcb,  Berefiirdaliiret  ae«d  80| 
the  Rev.  <7«or^  /*trrif ,  Rector  of  that  parlifa.  fia 
was  of  Qneen'it  coUef^e,  QxJbfd,  B.A.  190&.  M.A* 

Dec.  9.  At  WaAsand,  iiear  Homwa.  YorkahlTOa 
111  hb  »Oth  year,  the  Ri*r.  ChaHu  Ctrnttabit.  He 
was  of  TrfnHy  eoUego,  Cambridoe,  B  JL  1790. 

At  Barton  Botiae,  Ea»t  Anttey,  d«»d  Tft*  ttie 
Rev .  /Mm  Frmuie^  \lcar  Of  Kittmatooa  cvm  Ital* 
land,  I^vou  (lAiH),  He  mu  of  Exeter  cdUflga, 
uirurd.B.A.  IHOI. 

At  SonthiH>rt,  affod  43,  tha  Biov.  (kurge  Bm^amhk 
SarMrd,  MJk.  Perp,  Curate  ill  Cbutch  HinabttU, 
Gheahlre  (11143), 

Dtc.  10.  At  Martin  HouinEtree.  co.  Wore,  aged 
Mn,  f he  Rev.  Georfft  iriMoiMtBector  of  that  pariib 
fur  alxty-two  yean. 


ZMr,  19.    At  BiuKni  vicanffe,  Norlblk,  and  OB, 

,  B.D.  Vicar  of  Tut^urton » 

Norfolk  (1896)'.  He  waa  of  Corpus  Chrliti  eolI«e«, 


tlitt  Btiv.  Gtorfff  J^tBk^ 


Camb.  B.D.  IHM. 

Dm,  17.  A«od  m^  mt  liev,  IfiMirv  JPmmm 
SUfmdeU,  Reetor  of  Fnii«fbrd,  Oifbrtili.  (Itlil. 
He  nva»  tlie  ftnirtli  son  of  the  Her  W"i  Rrnnui*ii, 
M.A.  of  Giefistoae  and  Acreveii.  ^^y 

Mary»  yoiingwt  daiu  of  the  Rev   h  >i- 

SriTi.    XI    A     J^^.  hH    Ml    thuMKoM         t^  of 

M  ,       .  .  Hi^ 

1.  'Jl 

1V__  .._;_.,    ,  :i.id 


^MflftfliHM 


Obituary, 


[Feb- 


DEATHS, 


ARaANOBD  m  CURONOLOOICAL  OHDEU. 

Oft.  30.  lasi .  Between  Ballftrat  ftxid  Buniii^ong, 
on  bis  way  to  Melbourne,  AiiAtrttIiii,Thonm.4  Lute- 
wird^  enQ,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Laleward, 
Ecctor  of  Perirale,  Middlesex,  And  British  Chap- 
loin  at  Berne.  Ho  wa»  cruelly  murdered,  <\nd  hij* 
rpEiiainn  (a  mere  siwlt^ton)  were  not  iUitcovyre^l  tlH 
the  Ai^rtist  following. 

Matf  19,  IS.Vi.  At  <5ookK>wa,  PortJBftfquaiTic, 
New  South  W&JeD,  Captain  Jobllng,  late  of  Huni^- 
Imnghf  Northumberland. 

/mwf  ...  Dr.  Alesantkr  Patton,  of  Toryburu, 
Flteabire.  He  liaa  left  tbc  whole  of  hb  personal 
estate  to  the  Edinburgh  Roynl  Inftrrajiry»  and  the 
omonnt  ia  ToriouAly  rey4re*entud  from  I  £3,000?,  to 
30.000/. 

Jutyi  10.  In  her  Sad  >'ear,  Elijrjihotli,  relict  of 
Jftmea  Such,  esq.  Uto  of  Harbro'  Bsdl,  Me«»iQg, 
near  Kelredoa,  £«aex, 

Jiilff  30.  At  Ea^leton,  WilHjima'  iliver.  Now 
Sonth  Wales,  aged  90^  Joiiot,  relict  of  tlie  Hcv. 
John  Snodjjiisa,  B.D.  oiater  of  the  late  Gun.  Sir 
Kenneth  Dan^las^  Btrt.  and  motlier  of  CoL  Ken- 
u«tb  SnoUffraa,  C.B. 

Aug.  J.  At  Demerara,  aaed  34,  JoMph  Vellowly 
Ofbson,  esq.  aurgoon,  onTy  aon  of  Jolin  (Ubson. 
eaq.  of  Newcastle* 

Auff.  6.  In  the  Hotspmr  Indlamaii,  on  bor  pa4- 
aago  to  OoJcutU,  at^ed  I G,  Harry,  eldodt  aon  <if  the 
lAte  Lteut.  ThortnUkf ,  it.K.  of  JJttlebamptoil. 

Auff.  8.  Charlejs  Thomas  Parker,  mq.  of  Pool 
Hullock.  Ueref. 

Auff,  i7.  Ag«d  aOf  Barbara,  widow  of  Joseph 
Vlckers,  eeq.  of  Wewdale,  Durham. 

Auf/,  31 .  At  FlotcmmrltxlMjrK,  Port  Natnl,  Dged 
40,  John,  Mcond  iron  of  tbu  late  \{e\\  Vranci.>» 
Wood£4M:k,  Hector  of  Moreton-u\y>n-LuKg,  lluref. 

Atiff.  ...  On  bl»  poosago  ttnm  Adelaide  to  Ba- 
hiA,flgad  18,  FeUk,  second  Hcn  of  W.  Farr,  esq. 
UJy.  and  grandaon  of  the  late  Muney  Hill,  e»q. 
of  WaUTden.Ntjrfdk. 

8^pt.  6.  In  her  94lli  year,  Mary,  relict  of 
Richard  iJexfleM,  esq.  of  Norwich. 

In  Loudon  (on  hJa  return  1^-om  Ifadoira),  ngcd 
9$,  John,  eldeat  ion  of  EdmiiDd  Orabaia,  oq.  of 
Qotlleld  Hooae,  Oateali«*il. 

Sept.  10.  At  Barbados,  of  yellow  fbver,  Ltout. 
T»  Orme,  R.  Art.;  and,  fifpt,  10,  Lieut,  H.  C, 
StrfeklADd,  K.  Art. 

SH)t,  13.  At  Dereham,  lu  her  74tli  year.  Ann 
Maria,  relict  of  John  Bakar,  esq.  late  of  lloct- 
wold  Grange,  Norfolk, 

8rpi.  16.  At  Addtddc.  after  her  conAnenient, 
floed  33,  Fanny,  wife  af  Dr.  Bompaa  a  alj»o,  on  301h 
Am,  Herbert,  hi*  *ou,  aged  one  year  and  a  half* 

Sept.  30.  At  Sierra  Leone,  Jobn  Lo^n  Hook, 
610.  merchant,  and  Brazilian  Mca-€onsaL 

Oct.  B.  At  Cawnpore,  John  Bennett  Watson, 
eaq..  TOtli  Bcgi.  yotmgeat  son  of  tlie  late  Uuroco 
WaIooii,  mi.  of  Hendon. 

Od.  16.  Aged  EG,  the  Bev.  Tiaat*  Purklii,  iniui>- 
tir  of  tbe  Presbyterian  Church  at  Ovduhmck, 
Ctand*.  Be  Bad  n^ldcd  for  more  than  thirty-two 
Ttm  In  Canada,  bat  was  a  native  of  Eling^  near 
SooHuimpton. 

Oct.  11.  At  HmurkcDg,  China,  aged  36,  Mary- 
baboUa,  wtfo  of  tbe  Rev.  James  Legge.  D  J>.  Fresi- 
deat  of  the  Misotooaiy  Seminary  m  that  colony, 
and  only  dan.  of  th«  R»v.  John  Morlaon,  D.D., 
LL.D.  of  Bromptaa. 

0^.  19.  Shot  by  an  aanatln,  when  retnrnitig 
from  tb0  aearfoiu  at  TnUogfamore,  WOlhun  1{. 
llanllokl,  esq.  of  Annagbmore,  near  Frankford, 
King's  County,  agent  to  Oapt.  Morri»  over  tome 
property  recently  piirchiuied  In  the  Encambeted 
Estate  Court,  and  ujiou  which  bo  bod  effected 
iOaie  evktlom. 

Oct.  ai.  At  Shanghai, China,  aged  26,  Jane,  wife 
ol  Fred.  Howe  Hale,  esq.  of  the  Brltlab  Conmhite. 

Oct.  96.  At  Catfldd,  CO.  KoribUi,  agod  77,  Ed- 
ward Amis,  «q. 

13 


Od.  2«.  At  Glaiieeater-vlUfl,  Begent'i  Pork, 
aged  S4,  Chorleii  Cadmon,  esq.  formerly  a  timber 
merchant  at  Poplar.  A  coroner's  Jnry  rctumed 
as  tlieir  rerdlct  thnt  he  died  from  dh»ase  of  the 
heart  and  extravasation  of  blood  on  the  brain. 
His  sole  companion  for  the  last  sixteen  year*  was 
Mr.  Alpheufi  Carpenter  Billins^,  to  whom  he  has 
li'ft  hi*  property. 

In  Albauy-flt.  Regent**  Perk,  Antm,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  F.  SUli»,  eiiq.  of  Barmer  House,  NorfbUt-  ^ 

Oct,  31.    At  Bermuda*  aged  27,  Lieut.  H.  F  " 
ham,  uf  Her  Mujesty'fi  sun'cjing  vessel  Swu 
itiavlug  a  widow,  to  whom  he  had  liecn  unltt 
qulto  two  months. 

iVoe.  I .  At  Greytown ,  Mosquito,  ased  a  1 ,  George 
Ifitford  Ntttt,  fourth  ofHcor  of  R.M,S.F.  Trwil, 
second  son  of  the  Rer,  Charles  Nntt,  Curate  of  J 
Bodgworlb,  Som. 

JVoi\  6.    In  BorlMwios,  Mary,  wife  of  LleuM 
Wright,  comnumdlng  Royal  Engbioeraln  the  WXJ 

yov.  B .  In  Jamaica,  Anne,  wife  of  W.  L  Btt  " 
M .A.  acting  Rector  of  tliat  pwiBb. 

yor.  )o.    At  Barbados,  ogoil  GO,  Lieut.-ColoneS 
Henry  William*,  t'ouimandiUK  the  Royal  Artlllei 
in  the  West  ImlSes, 

Xoe.  13,  Drown £nA  by  the  upsetting  of  a  boatt,! 
in  South  Aflicn,  atjed  Si,  Wiiliaui,  the  -lecond  i 
of  Mr,  D.  G.  Prt'tyman,  fornuTly  of  Brixton  Rise,| 
and  now  of  Addle»tune,  Surrey,  leaving  a  wife  anda 
one  child.  I 

^V»w.  15.    On  Itotird  the  Royal  West  Indhi  Malt ' 
Company's  ship  Great  Weitem,  Mr.  liobert  Dud^ 
man,  jioe^jnd  otficcr  n(  that  nhip,  and  eldest  son  of 
Cujtt.  Robert  Diiduion,  H.EJ.C.'s  !*crv1cc. 

At  Wrtotl-hill,  AberdoouKbire,  aged  83, 
Grant,  of  Sluuymti^k,  Aberdeenshire,  whiov  of  B 
ArchllMild  lirant,  Bart. 

At  Kclwn,  CanAdii  We?it,  aged  35,  Eardley  Nor- 
ton, formerly  of  H.M.'i  irith  HiLtsar»,  stjcond  irar- 
viving  sou  of  tho  laUi  Sir  John  David  Norton. 

At  Cobourg,  Canada  Weat.  Morgorot,  Mldow  of 
Tiionias  J*rlngl<»,  esq, ;  and  lYov,  23,  her  lister. 
Miss  Sujiati  Brown. 

yop.  10.  At  Dacca,  aged  -25,  UeuL  W.  B.  CaaUe, 
Adjutuit  38th  Bengal  Light  )nf. 

^oc.  17.  At  ber  son-in-law's,  the  Rev.  A.  Faure* 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  a^ed  76,  CAUiarina-Uendrlett^j 
rolktofWm  Cal(iwull,t5sq. 

On  boanl  ILM.  ship  Dttmniku.  n!t  Barl 
Arthur  C.  Coupor,  fourth  son  of  Col,  Sh*  ( 
Coupor,  Bart. 

iVoe,  21.    At  Dominica,  aged  53,  R'tltcrt  H^nMl* 
BaMen.eiM|,    Uo  wa.<)  a  relative  of  tlv  '        "'       1 
Popheun,  Qiii^termaster-Gi-tK-irAl  to  i  i 

the  We«t  Indies,  of  the  1  ate  Sir  Hi' . 
R.N.  and  coosiu  of  Colonel  Itasden,  t.  n,,  u    ji.j 
service. 

Aged  7S,  ElijtabcUi,  wife  of  J.  E,  Hlnchllif,  esq.  j 
Moruhigton-pl.  Hampstead-road. 

A\>i\  Ti.    At  BarlMidofl,  of  yellow  (ever,  aged  %1 
Lieut.  Alfroil  Noole,  of  H  Jd.  ship  ihiuntku,  soq  f 
of  John  Corbett  Neale,  esq.  of  West-end  House, 
Wiekwar. 

At  Kentish  Town,  in  her  Wth  year.  Cliarlotte. 
only  surviving  daughter  of  the  late  Charlee  and 
Jane  Negus  of  Quntijigdon. 

y(*r.  54.  At  Athcnft,  aged  HO,  C«n»tiiiitin«  loni- 
de*,  t'  '  ff—--t--y  a^j  supporter  of  many  orphan 
nf>!  ,  and  ilmritable  inatitutioiis  In  J 

Grt'i  t.intinople. 

A\/i,  *".  lu  the  Wc?it  Indie*,  of  1':' 
Boss  Moore  Floud,  e««i.  senior  Lieut, 
frigate  Ikiuntftstt.  He  yftm  tlie  <hm. 
Thomas  Floud,  esq.  of  Exeter,  unter.M  u.r  .^^,y 
iti29,  and  gabied  hi«  Licut4.>nancy  in  If^io  fnr  hU  J 
CQudoct  at  thfe  battle  of  St  .f  can  d'Acre,  I  le  liu4  • 
snbseqnentiv  served  in  Ha?44rd  In,  Spartan  aC,  and  2 
a*  first  of  the  Nlmrod  so.  The  Battnihn  fCapt.  j 
Halstod)  has  lost  tixteen  of  her  omcci^  and  slxtjr  ' 
of  her  crew  by  the  tame  dkeose. 

Nvr.  26.  Aged  74,  Catharine,  widow  of  Henry 
Kensington,  eaq. 

At  Madras,  the  Marquess  of  Lbboa.  a  Midship, 
uuui  of  II,M.  ship  Htftlngs,  lh»m  the  efltacti  9t  mi 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


*rt».tonl  ^viliou  uut  ^hLM■Jtin^(  with  <*  brother  mid- 
'i'l  tf  Suxe  Lmnlugipii<    A 

i  thiit  ha  mot  hia  dentil 

"    ^'  .  iiture." 

Xc'v,  '21.  TLujjijj^  Wituiot  Thornpsin,  »»q.  of 
Fiiligrar<>-{i1.  Strand,  fbnnerly  Lifut.  2oth  Kcgt, 

At  Bowibon-,  EmiJj',  wife  of  Wtilten-  .tftinc«t  e»ri, 

Handtwonti,  Warw.  elde*t  di\u.  of  iha  Uii<»  Rev. 
Ifbrden  Cairtlicw,  Vloar  of  Mntti-^lmll,  Norfolk, 

3'dr.  ».  At  KilloTi|r]i,  Ireiiiiitl.  a^^il  4!),  Maiv- 
Aniift,  wife  of  Lient.  J ;  W.  B<!<lford,  RA\ 

At  DarUnt'ton,  Caiiiitln  We?*t,  u^cnI  <ia,  IIolll'^ 
dolomon  Rold^  es^.  late  Capt.  Ikuj^jil  E^tul>, 

DtfA.  xitClioItcitlmiii,  in  ht-T  Gmli  year,  So]iltij}, 
Wifii  of  the  Rev.  Ru'liurti  (;reAve>i,  younj;re:^t  (hm. 
Of  the  Uite  WilUani  VVll*<ui.  ujmi.  of  Nettur  Wortoii. 

Ihc,  2,  At  Darbiiilo-i,  a^v'-d  1?G,  St,  r,corgo  C. 
Sj>erUug  DavtH,  of  ILM.  nhtp  rin»>\tU's»,  nu\y  ton 
qf  the  lute  Comm,  fi.  E.  J.  L»aviH,  H,x,  ami  fjrantl' 
fon  of  the  Inte  Joliii  Sperllnif,  cm{.  of  Dyiie^  IMl, 

Ai  Mouiit  SAckville,  ncnr  DiibUu,  at,'t"l  7'1,  Mr*, 
Gerard  WAlrae^lev, 

Dtc.  4.  In  Wnlpole-st,  Chelna*  iu£c<l  KR,  Jaraej* 
Beeby,  eaq.  *cnior  derk  in  the  A(lniiralt3\ 

Charles  Drown,  et^.  of  Oxiord. 

At  l1iorn-hiH»  near  LX-rby,  ?ufcil  Hi8,  DoroUiy- 
Wob*tcr,  relict  of  Joliii  Trowell,  esq.  of  Long 
Enton  and  Derby. 

IJ^.  h.  At  South  Cerntfy,  ugeil  31,  Franclii-C^lif- 
lord,  («econd  wjn  of  tho  hitc  tTlvark^  Stilton,  esq. 

At  Oitford,  in  hin  wtb  yc4ir,  Mr.  riiomn*  Wkar- 
ton.  nuxiy  yeorft  goTenior  of  the  tity  gftoL 

Xy«c,  R.  At  Xi'wpnt,  »^i^\  f>9,  TlHUua.<*  iloriic^osq- 
fOftnei '  ■  ikU. 

Hai  I  "niin,  George  Oldiitbton^  K.N. 

Anit  s I-  J  i  I  iam  Soott ,  Bai-t.  of  Anemni . 

CnUieiLiir,  wjii'  ut'rf,  T.  Powell,  tajq.  ijf  London, 
and  aiftter  to  Sirs.  Fuldgc,  of  Itristol. 

ftv,  7.  At  tlie  British  ioii>ulato  of  tlio  DflJila- 
Dcllctf,  flrted  "2il,  AlfnMl  AtitfO«-tii-.,  eldent  son  of 
Richjurd  D.  Abbott,  e««q,  of  Suijtcj. 

Dfc,  9.  At  Woolwich,  jged  76,  ihlargaret^  roUct 
Kmoii  GaUowny,  e^j.  late  of  tlio  Iloyal  Sa{)per» 
lOners,  toother  of  Licut.-Coloncl  Galloway » 
Bcgt. 

Attlie  LUnN,  Surrey,  Cluur-SarAli^  )tot  surviving 
dait.  of  tlic  lntti  Obsrles  LockUart.  c«i.  of  L«?  and 
Cara-Math,  and  KJj£AtN!>th  MAcdoaald^  of  Largic 
and  II aimv unhide. 

At  Ltiiiitono,  near  Bude,  a^i?d  1^4^  MrA.  ilaraliBll. 

At  Epsom,  Willjuni  Martin^  M.R.CS.  eldoat  «on 
of  tlie  lute  Win.  Ureciiing  Martin,  esq.  of  Ea»t 

Ih-,\  !ft.    7n  tlic  West  ludlc^.  Sir.  Wm.  Ctir^n- 
of  the  Il.M.S,P.  Conway,  and 
ito  JamcA  CurgeriTca,  c*ti.  of 
J  iiwalL 

M.  II.  At  ttii  ii'^kknceof  Iter  son-in-law  (Mr. 
Thmuas  CfKrailm,  of  FeltotJ,  Wiiiford),  aged  74, 
Harriet,  relict  of  the  Rev  Jlicbard  Klliott,Wc«leyan 
MlfliAter,  and  youngiLwt  dan.  of  Wm.  DuJlocko, 
esq,  Ifitc  of  King^hill,  Nnlhen,  S+Miicrsot. 

At  I^fke^ter,  agfxl  74,  Thos,  Hirrl,  esq.  forrocrly 
of  London,  eldest  «ou  of  tliu  late  lilr.  Ju^etih 
lord,  cabinet  niiiker,  of  tho  Durpf^s,  Coventry, 
and  brother  to  ..iriHejdi  lord,  f'sii  llertfonl-tc-rracp, 
near  Coventry.  He  haii  left  lojtfEwies  tu  the  follow- 
hig  cbarlliiblc  iD^titiitionM  ; — CotiiuitiTial  Travel- 
lora'  Sotlytv^  lOn^  :  Covetitn-  an«!  VV'iinviL-k>hlre 
lltifT.iJal,  Abo?.!  II  U..ul.  Coven- 

try,  l«Mj/.  J   Fmi-fii  moL  Coven- 

try, ^oo^  :  Mr-.  {  ys'Scbool, 

Covriii         :     ■  .   Liwuintj- 

ton,  I  100/.;  Deaf 

ftiiri  li.  ■  ■ 

At  iN«>r'i'.riiij<ii,  jun  ,  ■vzr<i  7.1,  Aiin-ElhMt, 
wife  of  Jol»i>  Lane,  e*i|. 

At  Itutbc^isiy,  John  Mocdonald^  e^[.  Lieut,  l)  1st 
.  Ih^gt. 

At  Ltuieriok,  Bojihld,  widaw  of  MAtlbew  O'Biricn , 
e«ij.of  Nuwc«fttl«. 

At  Pai'l^,  Wm.  StiiUlie,  c«q.  Adroeatc  clcnurtti  of 
South  Auttr^alU. 

GKKt,  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX, 


D^c.  li.    At  yrftojpton  -  on - 
Ucnry  J.  ClifTonl,  esq. 

At  Henley -on-ThamfB,  «Hed  73,  Murgaret-Lttcy, 
willow  of  Wm.  Henry  Lan]»i3er,  LLJ>, 

At  Cuuterbnry,  tLged  14«  Fanny-Uatllda,  eldcit 
isni-TiTlngL-hlUt  of  Eklword  McMdlion,(!«q.  figrmedy 
of  Cadogan-pt. 

Drowned,  at  Barbados,  aged  25,  Tbo«.  Patrick 
RowlAtt,  diief  offleer  of  the  Royal  Mail  Steamer 
Derwent. 

At  T-.  r  IwrflrdSegar,  emi. 

At  .^gcd  05,  John    W&WU,  esq. 

LectMi '  'lOiny, 

Agtd  17,  Mai-y-Jiinei  third  d.iu.  of  Tho*.  White, 
e^rfj.  Eajit  Hflll,  Mcu'^ton,  near  Sfttiniflniuniie. 

lifr.  la.  In  Lenvirk,  ZcH.ind,  nK^d  &8,  Mr?*, 
f'ojdrtndt  widow  of  Janif*  Cophirid,  c-.i4|.  of  Ler- 
\dck,  foriiK'rly  of  tho  Inland  of  Nov*,  nnd  inriiher 
of  Dr.  .lanR'iH  Coidanil,  F.R.S.  of  Old  Burllngton-st. 

At  Yattondon  Rectory,  aj^eil  Mil,  Cheirlottc,  relict 
nf  the  Rev,  rhoina.*  Auhroy  Howard. 

At  Werii,  Pcnmorlii,  iiOk^r  Tremadoc„  Ntwth 
\rale<!,  njjed  fill,  Mary,  wife  of  NuthanieC  Matbow, 
c?wi.  aTjd  only  dau.  of  tho  l*ite  Edwjinl  Williani 
Windn>*,  ewj.  of  Tottenham-green,  Middlc^icx. 

At  Marj,'au:%  age*!  TiS,  Dipt,  IlicUard  Ovenden. 

At  Southftcn,  Cajit,  Rttlston,  formerly  of  the  a^ih 
lA^hi  Dragoon!^,  and  late  P.M.  4tb  Drn^jooin 
Giutrdd. 

At  Maidi^lone,  aged  58,  Wm.  Sedgwick,  ««t|, 
uiany  yearrt  ^tirgeon  In  that  town. 

At  Wliorlton,  near  Uamard  Cftfttle,  tieorg« 
Soulhy,  ej»(i.  M.D.  Ute  of  Dover, 

Dec  14.  At  Modbury,  ftgotl  74,  Mr*.  Avent, 
relict  of  .lolui  A  vent,  esirj. 

At  Milnathort,  near  Kinroio,  K.B.  aged  6t>,Krii. 
firand. 

At  BoTsiJtvss,  Wiiidcniiere,  Cliristophcr  Pluter' 
son,  &st\,  late  of  Liverpool. 

At  Hawley  House,  Hant«,  ag«tl  77,  Sdirali,  tho 
wife  of  John  ScQvcIl,  e*fi. 

Die.  15.  Major  Ablwi,  ut  the  Hall,  Pimior,  Mid- 
dlcsex. 

Aged  i>[,Charlotto-Ell^,abcth-Rurlton  Bennett, 
dnu.  of  the  Lito  AntUony  Bitrlton  Bennett  and  the 
Hon.  l<Yanees  Biirlton  Bcmurtt,  of  Lower  Scy- 
niour-«t.  Portrann-iMi. 

Aged  71,Edwanl  Bright,  cwi.  a  Justice  of  the 
ixeace  for  Maldon^ 

At  Upper  Sydenham,  a^rod  5&,  Benjamin  Da\1ej, 
e^.  late  of  Lk5Voni*hilj'e-««i. 

J.  N.  Franklyn,  e^t.  formerly  of  Henbiiry-litU. 

At  Ipiwich,  u«cd  77,  Alathcn.,  relict  of  John 
Droke  fiannt,  e*^|.  of  London. 

At  Streatliam,  a^^  01,  Mlsh  Qirollnc  Amulia 
Qrieibach. 

Miss  Elixa  iirifilthi4,  of  Dnvici^iit.  Berkeley-M(. 

At  Wand-^worth  Common,  aged  M,  Mm.  EUxii^ 
beth  Hopcr. 

Agflil  64,  Benjamin  Woelner,  esii.  of  Harley-flt. 
aud  Aufltlnfrlurs. 

Ike.  I  a.  At  Kxmouth,agod73,Elliabeth,  wWow 
of  J.  AU!*twkk,  c^i.  of  Bttdleigh-SaJierton,  Dci'oa. 

At  the  I^arnonage,  Maidenheail,  aged  28,  the 
wife  of  tbe  Rev.  Janii.H>  Alejutnder  Birch. 

At  Richmond,  a^'Cd  « I,  Mary,  relict  of  Chriato- 
plier  Bowe-1,  eaq. 

At  Stoke  Nywhitfbiii.at'ed  5j,  Jobn  Burton,  eBq, 

At  Swakeleyn,  near  Uxlirld;ie,  ^larlu-Georgina, 
j*ounsKAC  clftuithter  o{  Thomas  T.  ClArko,  Vin\. 

In  Upper  Norton-st.  Mrs.  Hannah  Dawkin.^,  fur 
thh-ty-«li  years  re«ideut  In  Qtilckset-row,  Uew- 
road. 

At  Cambridge,  V      ■  ■  ■       i  rcr  ol 

the  late  Claudlua  i  Hogc. 

At  Park-vilhif,.  viand 

UlbVJn,  e«*q.  brtrriMcr'nt-i  iw,  ui   « .r,iy  >.-juu.     We 

vrtm  called  to  the  Itar  Nov.  20,  1803. 

Aued  HI,  Dorothy,  relict  of  T.  Jack,  e>»Q,  B.  Art, 

At  Sundfrlaud,  ajj^Cil  M,  iniilip  Lainjf,  e«ci. 

At  ChfUeA,  L^idy  Strouge,  relict  of  WilUatii 

Ilolme*^,  c-tq.  of  fJraftun-<«t.  Botid-»t.    She  waa  Uio 

daughter  of  John  Tew,  e«i.  of  Dnbllu ;  wa*  uinr- 

rfe4  fintt  to  tite  Rev.  Sir  Jainc^StronKO,  wliu  dM 

2F 


218 


Obituary. 


[Feb. 


in  1804,  and  secondly  to  Mr.  Holixie«,  who  died 
in  1851. 

lu  Pimlico,  aged  55,  Sophia-Anne,  dan.  of  the 
late  Samuel  Tandey,  esq. 

Aged  77,  Edith,  wife  of  Mr.  Edward  WinstAnley , 
late  of  the  Poultry. 

Dec.  17.  In  Torrington-.sti.  Ann-(}oodridge,  re- 
lict of  Edward  Bridger,  esq.  of  Finsbury-circus. 
At  Sevenoaks,  aged  88,  Rol)ert  Comfort,  esq. 
At  Duffleld  Uall,  Derby.sh.  Jane,  wife  of  John 
Bell  Crompton,  esq.  She  waM  the  tliird  dun.  of 
Edw.  Sacheverell  Sitwell,  of  Stainsby  HouRe,  Derb. 
esq.  by  Lucy,  dau.  of  Sir  William  Wheler,  Bart. ; 
waM  married  in  1810,  and  had  istiue  an  only  child, 
Jane,  married  in  1834  to  Lorenzo  Kirkpatrick 
Hall,  CM]. 

Aged  r)3,  J.  K.  GriggH,  esq.  of  Kufield-lock,  late 
surveyor  of  the  river  Lee. 

At  Torquay,  Capt.  JumcM  Johnstone,  h.  p.  7th 
Royal  Fusiliers,  and  late  of  Aslifold,  Sussex. 

In  Great  Coram-«t.  age<l  73,  Edward  Jom-dun 
esq. 

Aged  73,  Uichard  Mlall,esq.  of  Chelmsoe  Uonse, 
Great  Maplestead,  EsMex. 

At  Bidlington  Hou.'^c,  Stejiiing,  SuH.sex,aged  72, 
Edward  Michele,  es^i. 

At  Escrick  Villa,  near  York,  aged  83,tlic  lUght 
Hon.  Jane  Lady  Middleton,  relict  of  Henry  sixth 
Lord  Middleton.  She  was  the  second  dau.  of  Sir 
Robert  I^iwley,  Bart,  by  Jane,  only  dau.  of  Beilliy 
Thompson.  e.s4|.  of  E.Hcrick.  Slie  was  married  to 
Lord  Middleton  in  1793.  His  lordship  died,  witli- 
out  is^ue,  in  1H3."),  and  since  bin  death  Iier  ladyship 
has  usually  resided  at  Escrick. 

At  Brompton,  aged  30,  Mr.  Alexantler  Waugli 
Morison,  youngeitt  son  of  the  Rev.  John  MoriH)n, 
D.D.,  LL.D.  minister  of  Trevor  Chapel. 

At  Brighton,  aged  71,  John  Taylor,  esq.  Coram. 
Royal  Navy.  He  served  for  twenty  years  on  fall 
pay,  was  made  Lieut.  I80G,  and  retiretl  Com- 
mander 1839. 

Aged  24,  Sarah- Ami,  wife  of  Theodore  Tliomas- 
set,  esq.  of  Le)rton,  Essex. 

At  Southsea,  aged  32,  Marianna,  i^ife  of  Stephen 
Wink  worth,  esq. 

Dec.  18.  In  Warwick-Une,  aged  37,  Martha,  wife 
of  Mr.  James  Allen,  bookseller. 

Anne- Williams,  wife  of  Thomas  Benyon,  esq.  of 
Gledhow  Hall,  near  Leeds. 

At  Bath,  Mi^or  Thomas  Jolm  Parker  Butler, 
only  surviving  son  of  the  late  Sh*  T.  Butler,  Bart. 
Oairyhunden,  Ballintemple,  co.  Carlow. 

On  board  H.M.S.  Arethusa,  atGibraltar,  aged  11. 

Lewis  James  Evans,  naval  cadet,  second  son  of 

Herbert  Norman  Evans,  esq.  of  Hampetead-heath. 

On  Riclimond-hlll,  aged  68,  Jamet  Ewing,  esq. 

of  Park-crescent. 

In  Portland-pl.  aged  10,  Henry  Jenoiae  Fitz- 
gerald, flfUi  son  of  Thomas  Fitzgerald,  esq.  of  Shal- 
fltone  House,  Bucks. 

In  Grosvenor-st.  West,  aged  6m,  Olive  Hall,  esq. 
of  Wobum-pl.  Russell-sq. 

At  Stratford-upon-Avon,  aged  nfj,  John  Iliggins, 
esq. 

At  Brighton,  Mr.  Edmund  Strevens,  formerly  a 
partner  in  the  large  coaching  nnn  of  Crosweller 
and  Streven.s,  of  the  "  Blue  Office."  On  the  open- 
ing of  the  first  line  of  railway  in  the  county,  the 
Shoreham  branch,  he  run  an  omnibus  to  the  sta- 
tion, and  afterwards,  on  the  opening  of  the  main 
line  to  Hayward's  Heath,  in  July,  1841,  he  started 
several  coaches  to  convey  passengers  to  and  from 
that  station.  On  the  opening  of  the  Hne  through- 
out, in  Sept.  of  tiie  same  year,  Mr.  Strevens  un- 
dertook to  furnish  conveyances  for  both  the  main 
and  l>ranch  lines  at  the  terminus,  which  he  kept 
on  until  a  year  or  two  since,  when  ho  resigned  the 
business  into  other  hands. 

D^c.  19.  Aged  16,  Elizabeth,  eldest  suniving 
dau.  of  William  Henry  Cox,  esq.  of  Balham,  Sur- 
rqr,  and  Great  Queen-st.  Lincoln's-inn-flelds. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  91,  Anne,  widow  of  So- 
merset Dariee,  esq.  of  Croft  Castle,  and  Wigmore 
Hall,  Herefordshire. 


At  St.  Margaret's,  Herringfleet,  Uarriet-EUza- 
beth,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Oeorge  Leathee, 
esq.  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's. 

Aged  67,  Alexander  Macdonald,  e«q.  of  the  firm 
of  Carbonnel  and  Co.  Regent-st. 

Aged  20,  Olympia-Louisa  Midville,  dan.  of  J.  L. 
Miferille,  esq.  of  Gloucester-sq.  Hyde  Park. 

At  Halifax,  aged  69,  John  Rawson,  esq.  of  Ash 
Grove,  a  deputy-Ueut.  and  magistrate  for  the  West 
Ridhig. 

Aged  73,  John  Ridley,  esq.  many  years  a  ma- 
gistrate of  Bury  St.  Edmund's. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  Mary,  only  dau.  of  the 
late  Capt.  Thomas  Swayne,  44th  Foot. 

At  Cheshunt,  Mi^or  Samuel  Tliorpe,  K.H.  se- 
cretary of  the  Foreign  Aid  Society,  Exeter  Hall. 
He  attained  the  rank  of  Mj^or  in  i8S0,  and  was 
pUced  on  the  half-pay  of  a  Captain  in  1835. 

At  Exeter,  aged  85,  WilUam  Wreford,  esq.  of 
Cleveauger,  Nymet  Rowhind,  Devon. 
In  Pall  Mall,  aged  89,  John  Wright,  esti. 
Dec.  20.    At  her  son-in  law's,  John  S.  Brooking, 
es<i.  Hyde  Park-»q.  aged  92,  Eleanor,  relict  of  John 
Bell,  e^q. 

At  Sandown,  lale  of  Wight,  aged  83,  Alderman 
John  Broster,  F.A.S.E.  kite  of  Chester. 

At  Ventnor,  I.  W.,  Alice,  third  dan.  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Brown,  Rector  of  Hemingston,  Suffolk. 

At  Sherborough  House,  Stamford  Hill,  aged  48, 
WUliam  Westall  Butier,  M.A. 

At  Strood  HiU,  Kent,  aged  58,  IsabeUa,  relict  of 
Thomas  Charlton,  esq. 

At  Meriden,  Warw.,  >>lwanl  Clarke,  esq.  sur- 
geon, tifth  son  of  the  late  Robert  Clarke,  esq.  fbr- 
juerly  of  Brookesby  Hall,  Leicestershire. 

At  Clifton,  age<l  68,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Joseph 
Cooluon,  esq. 

In  Monta^-sq.  aged  12,  Julia-Margaret,  third 
dau.  of  Ambrose  Goddard,  esq. 

At  County-terrace,  New  Kent-road,  aged  57, 
Maria,  widow  of  John  Meeson,  esq.  of  Albrighton, 
near  Wolverhampton,  and  third  dau.  of  the  late 
Jolm  Green,  esq.  of  Dudley. 

At  Famham,  Surrey,  aged  90,  Miss  Elizabeth 
Hooks  Miller. 

In  London,  aged  63,  Frederick  Walker  Mott, 
esq.  of  Salvington  Lodge,  Sussex. 

At  Croydon,  at  the  house  of  her  son-in-law,  Mr. 
John  Pritchard,aged  66,  Mrs.  Mary  Munro,  wUow 
of  Harry  Munro,  es<i.  R.N. 

At  Soutliend,  Darlington,  aged  1 1 ,  Alfred,  son  of 
Joseph  Pease,  esq. 

At  Exeter,  FJizabeth-Phcebe-Parker,  eldest  dau. 
ofthe  late  Charles  Taylor  Pliillps,  esq.  of  Newn- 
ham,  Gloucestershire. 

At  Honghton-le-Spriug,  Durluun,  aced  24,  Ab- 
bot Robinson,  esq.  youngest  son  of  the  Tate  Oeorge 
Robinson,  esq. 

Dec.2\.  At  Clapham  Common,  aged  81,  Re- 
becca, widow  of  Peter  Bacoh,  esq.  of  Mile  End. 

At  Tlli^tlc-grove,  Brompton,  aged  69.  William 
Bell,  esq.  »-•-«» 

At  Kensington,  aged  44,  Charles  Bellamy,  esq. 
At  Bristol,  Mrs.  Ann  Budgett,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
John  Sibree,  of  Frome. 

At  Naples,  aged  62,  Samuel  Crawley,  esq.  of 
Stockwood,  Luton,  Beds. 

At  Nice,  agod  48,  Henry  Crowther,  esq.  eldest 
son  of  the  h»te  Rev.  S.  Crowther,  Vicar  of  Christ 
Church,  Newgate-street. 

At  Hayes  Grove,  Kent,  Mrs.  M.  M.  (Yaser, 
eldest  and  only  remaining  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Mackenzie  Frasei*. 

In  King  WilUam-st.  Tratalgar-sq.  aged  19,  Ame- 
lU  Blake,  Uiird  dan.  of  Dr.  Goldlng. 

At  North  Creake  Rectory,  Norfolk,  aged  16, 
Anne- Amelia,  second  dau.  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
Thos.  Robert  Keppel. 

At  Ranscombe,  near  Kinnbridge,  Devon, 
Frances,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas  Kevill,  esq. 

At  fiowness,  Windermere,  seed   64,  Ann-Re- 
becca, second  dau.  of  tlie  Ute  Rev.  Francis  Met- 
calfe, Rector  of  Kirkhride,  Cnmberland. 
In  Cadogan-pl.  aged  77,  Mrs.  Mary  Puget. 


18530 


Obituary. 


219 


At  ThP  nr?.  Dndl^T,  asfcd  39,  EXii*botb-Anne» 

In  ^  IbomaA  IUcbt«ir,  own. 

f  A?-*itsf  njoenbk  Fin?  Office » to 

t1  I  C'ltdpany  his  energku»  hit<l 

I'  ;Jian  sixtj  yejim, 

widoyif  of  J,  Samiiul,  ejrf|.  of 

[  Jtu-tntiuiJil, 

At  Tork,  iUcUo],roIictof  JuiucH  WuoabiTrii,<^. 
Ikv.  22,    A«vd  90,  EllUabeth*  yoiinfjest  dau.  uf 
jUiu  lute  (rieors^  Evwi-^,  esq,  of  Cromford  Bridal*. 
[  Derb. 

At  Wandsworth,  Surrey,  agwl  74,Hrs.  Furmago, 
I  |»Uct  of  William  Funnftg^,  &^. 
I  Ar  Hunon-un-lrent,  Mury,  wife  of  Dr.  Jones, 
snd  eldest  *la.«.  of  the  liitc  R«?v.  John  BUncliurd, 
'  Bet'tor  of  Sr>ddk'tiia»  near  Beverloy. 
I  At  Bath,  Afiod  SU,  Mr«.  ili»niel  Multby.tho  con- 
[  tomijorory  rttid  friumlof  N\  illier/orcti,  Htt,  Hannuh 
iKore,  and  many  ili-imrted  \^<jrtJiii!'i  of  tlse  im^t  ge- 
LUeration,  iihe  wasji  hiri^o  tontnlnjior  to  tho  cUa- 
piltf*^  of  T^ath,  and.  uinonu  ila:  rc-st,  she  gnve 
iM        "  \hc-  NtitJotuil  Sihoolf  rI  WeymuuUi 

I  1  of  lO(yl, 

aijetl  7K,  Mjiry- A  tus,  rplirt  of  Arthur 
i*jiiuu-i ,  i-i^l.  late  of  Pjirk-ri.     '    ' 

At  Bath,  aj:rt!d  t>i>,  Air*    i  i->dy. 

Agcil    Ih,   !;!.-»i:tr.1     Rrn  m  of  Mr. 

At>  ,    ,, 

At  V.  ,       ,  ,,.  ,  .,,. 

'j.  of  i?iirlNure,)uid  0<?- 

,  ii-Ld  i2»  Heury  MuAgrovo 
I   trciwury. 
.  ftt-'H  H»0,  Mis3  CcUtt  SiiitUTiiiH 

I  III    njji.u.     •  !   fiuidly   of  UiL- 

Cnalsc?  «f  Nil  til  f;  '■!  inland  Cruijic- 

I  town,  CO.   Mfjith,  MflTiv  int'.'rirriiir- 


I'M,  .iLtdf-rniri- 

\  wer.  s^ 

At  •    Btirv  fH.  K4' 

I  Ann,  -tJi 

J^Cged  29,  Snn»hj  ttmu  of  ^ohn  Robcrtwn,  wj.  of 


HfwUlUm 
,   c  Stephen. 

Mur^h,  nidow  uf 


,  {'Hii.^tdjiu  of  ttie  late 


,     At  I 

rLi«tit 

I     In  1  1 

I  Rev,  I 

,      Til"  t.  StmtuU  «clhI  !Mj,  J.  S|i<irkN 

p  '• 

li^  E,  P-  Kord^oftUth, 
n.!<*rr.  Mnry-Ajin,  dan,  of  thf  lute 
■f  Mj»}d«*hin. 
:©l  77»  OiVt  Ci«ontc  Fnrter, 

■   -,t. 
1  '2\,  AHu  1,  it/ni  of  riiornitH  Soot'rjml>«,  e^i, 

fcjidmi    Hcrt;-f*,    f.wd*.  nr"*  7>,  KH;^ntM^tti. 


Df<'  in.  At  Putney  Heath,  14^1  76,  Jditeph 
Henn  '■  '  -'i. 

At  tolk,a^il  7"«,  Mi".  John  Bwf- 

nurd,  liftTdittni  of  the  Tuu*t«ort  «t\(i 

Hj«iipni_  ll':iiM!n.-'l>.  tG  yt'giriit. 

At  NorUmniptriit,  Kdwurd-ChJirle^,  eldent  ton  of 
K.  IL  Btinvoll,  L5it, 

At  Tottenham,  agtd  'Jl ,  Ell^nhpth.  rcUCt  af 
WUHitm  rki?r,  fitfj. 

At  P.nii;5jt.T.  -^jroli,  rdlrt  uf  Wiunt  CmlngMi, 
P.VJ.01'  I  liriiiV*, 

At    i  for 

nmny  Sen 

At  Httrrow-on-thtf-Hni,  rtj^ed  7.  John-WiUlftm, 
tldrd  "u-vn  r-f  J.  W.  rTmnlnrtinm.,  r'i\.  SeffetAry  of 
King  .  f  the  Her. 

J.  W  ^ 

At  '  ,  utft'd  09, 

T  ill-  i,r  U';irtU'.ld,andof 

1 

1.  Mr-«.  Ellaa  Harper, 
01  ^  ork. 

At  Norton,  ncitr  Malton,  n^^ttl  79,  John  Leefe, 
e*ri.  crier  of  the  court  at  Norltiallcrton,  mill  com 
in«rpector  at  Mtiltoti ;  funucrly  odjatant  In  ilio 
Moltoii  VolnnlycT^and  Loi-al  Militlu. 

At  rHftfijii,  iii^od  IJ,  Mfin,  voun^c.5t  duu*  of 
r.ii.:.  r.i.LiMM,  u:n. 

ir  I  II  r  Harloy-«t.  ag«d  49,  Anna-AEAriii, 
' I  1  'I  '<f  the  Itttc  Adm.  Sir  Cliarte«  Mortce 

At  BHgtitott,  Atui,  ytidi  ot  tlio  kte  Kriui  fio- 
Iwirt*,  f"*!  *>?  ^'Foi  <*  ffriT'!<f\  SuiT'-y, 

At  <.  .    .  ,  •  -     ^-  ,-  .   ■     -    V,  ■    ,ur- 

vlvliiv  ry. 

A«r.'  ~rer. 

At  a\v;uisc.i,  .>t>;iiiiHi,  \siii'  oi  i.unic.  .rmiu  i  urner, 
R.N. 

Ajr<vl  TMkfr-..  Srtrflli  rttiii,  of  CtMnhcrwelil-gmvn, 

*         '     * '        I   I  C!i  WiiUri ,  lute  of  Old  C  \mfi$it , 

of  the  C'tHJinnTclAl  Tittvdlerft* 


Edward  Bh 

of  the  l^'ttrv 

In  M 


I  uty  Herk 


iid. 

i?jii.c:ji-.\tiin.',  ^nn'  01    I  namiui  Mel- 
t'ow-^n.  Llnt'oIn'A-inn,  and  HtrtAu^- 


1  7'/t  John  Ntcholjion,  fc*c|,  for* 
•♦t.iiuj  Lf<>vf»r  Thflnie4-*t. 
46,   Fruiite*,  Hlfo  of  Diivld 


^Hmliitn)  SntitutfA,  e*/}^  coUfNtor  of  nintinnM  nt 

Mimriirv    k 
77111  Fwt. 
wrti<<o  thp 

JfVlv; 

Ax   r 

jij-iit  ii'jii"> 

inerh 

At    I. 
Ctiail^ 

At    I  I  -Col>  Ifnt>ter  Wanl,  Senior 

Unior  Ht.     He  entered  the  ftcrrice  In 

♦Seirt.  i-'i  <;  !'.  iiine  IJewt.  I>tK*.  le'iH;  CHptrtin, 
Sept,  IM1>5;  hryvrt  Maxtor,  Jnnc,  l«.1fct ;  Major. 
niHi!.  \^M  f  <iiol  wuH  ftrornotcd  to  hii  Tato  rank  in 
Ort.  \M'h 

/M?,  ar.  At  *1gtiM«i«  House,  Wilt*.  Edward 
Hnlph  *^olt^.  et*!  vntmnn*,*  *cni  of  the  late  Ktlwant 
Coke..  '        •       "    '    ■     'i 

At  f'  iiii, esq. 

lit  (  .  liteed  AO,  Helen- 

T  "  I   imvidaon,  eiq.  lair 


»4,  -lohn  Powell,  Mq, 

--— -" ^  ^^-   -'f  rh4* 

:4ta, 


lid, 

:,.,.  .^u...,=,j„,.utly 
hkdle«  anil  four 
.^■  medid  with  one 

.  UouMf  of  htn  son-in-law,  Mr 
:g,  JatD<'4  l*ytnar,  ftMj.  of  P«l- 
ut  ^.aiifbrd,  tV>r«"t,  and  form^flv 
of  t?»  War  (^fUt-e 


220 


Obituary. 


[Feb. 


At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  at  an  advanced  age,  Re- 
becca, relict  of  the  Rev.  John  Steggall,  Rector  of 
Heaaett,  Suffolk,  and  Wells,  Norfolk. 

At  New  Romney,  Anna-Maria,  wife  of  Henry 
Bachelor  Walker,  esq. 

At  Winchmore  ffill,  aged  61,  Harriet,  wife  of 
William  Witt,  esq. 

At  Leamington,  Jane,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Wra. 
Woodall,  Rector  of  Branston  and  Waltham,  Leic. 

Dec.  28.  At  Oxford-terr.  Hyde-park,  Caroline, 
relict  of  William  Allen,  esq. 

At  Cuckfleld,  Mary,  second  dau.  of  Lovell  Byass, 
esq.  surgeon. 

At  White  House,  East  Brent,  J.  Esgar,  esq. 

At  Brussels,  Madame  Kossutli,  mother  to  the 
Hungarian  patriot. 

At  Northampton,  aged  46,  Capt.  John  Lumlcy, 
late  of  6th  Foot,  son  of  the  late  Gen.  Sir  J.  R. 
Lumley,  K.C.B.  Adj.-Gen.  of  the  Bengal  Army. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  65,  Miss  Ann  NlchoU,  dau. 
of  the  late  John  Nicholl,  esq.  of  Cacrleou,  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

At  Liverpool,  aged  72,  Frances,  relict  of  brevet 
Lieut.-Col.  Recde,  late  Tlst  Regt. 

At  Tilbrook  Rectory,  Beds,  the  residence  of  licr 
son-in-law,  the  Rev.  A.  Ncwhy,  aged  79,  Margaret, 
relict  of  Joshua  Ryle,  esq.  Chcetwood  Lodge,  [Man- 
chester. 

At  Cosgrove  Priory,  Anne,  Jiccoud  dau.  of  the 
late  William  Selby  Lowndes,  esq.  of  WInslow, 
Bucks. 

Aged  76,  William  Stone,  esq.  of  Leighton  Buz- 
zard, late  of  Gray's  Thurrock,«E»sex,and  formerly 
of  69th  Regt. 

At  Torrington,  aged  57,  Mary,  wife  of  T.  K. 
Tapley,  esq.  surgeon. 

At  the  house  of  Martin  Richai-dson,  e>q.  solici- 
tor, of  Bridlington,  aged  76,  Alargarct,  widow  of 
Cuthbert  Usher,  esq.  of  Gainford,  Durham. 

Dec.  29.  At  Hampstead,  Mildied-Pcarcc,  ,wifc 
ofB.  Brown,  esq.  dau.  of  the  late  Francis  Brad- 
ford, esq.  of  Great  Westwood,  Herts. 

At  North  Brewham,  Soni.  Samuel  Coleborne, 
esq.  youngest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Joseph  Cole- 
borne,  of  Stroud,  and  Rector  of  Syde. 

At  Malta,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  from  a  horse 
on  the  17th,  Hester-Eliza,  eldest  dau.  of  .lohii 
Dmmmond,  esq.  of  Mulgrave  House,  Fulhmn. 

Aged  40,  Emily-Halsey,  second  dau.  of  the  lute 
Capt.  Dunsford,  of  Ashley  Court,  Tiverton. 

At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  aged  19,  Eliza-Gordon, 
dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  Henry  Hubert  Farquharson. 

At  East  Dulwlch,  Amelia,  wife  of  R.  L.  Fcn- 
nlngs,  esq.  of  Fennings'-whuf.  London -bridge. 

At  Chesnut  Ix)dgo,  Horsham,  Sussex,  aged  61, 
Catherine,  wife  of  Benjamin  Fox,  esq. 

At  Leamington,  aged  22,  Aline,  wife  of  Henry 
Hoghton,  esq.  of  Bold,  Lancashire,  imd  third  daii. 
of  Sir  Henry  Jervis  White  Jenis,  Bart,  of  Bally 
Ellis,  CO.  Wexfoid. 

Dec,  30.  At  Budleigh-Salterton,  aged  62,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  John  Barlow,  Ci>q. 

At  Bath,  Mai*y-Anne,  relict  of  W.  Bwivcn,  c^«i. 
of  Sutton  Veney,  Wilts. 

At  Parson 's-green,  Fulham,  aged  54,  Alexander 
James  Geddes,  esq.  of  the  Teller's  Office,  Bank  of 
England,  and  only  son  of  the  late  Alex.  Geddes, 
esq.  of  Alderbury,  Wilts. 

At  Barnstaple,  aged  61,  Miss  Jane  Glass,  dau.  of 
the  late  Nicholas  Glass,  esq.  formerly  Mavor  of 
Exeter. 

In  Jersey,  aged  84,  Alexander  (Jrant,  esq. 

In  West-sq.  Lambeth,  aged  70,  Maria,  wife  of 
H.  R.  Hartley,  es<i. 

Aged  35,  William  Pinokney,  son  of  Giles  Lodcr, 
es({.  of  Clarendon-place,  Hyde  Park-ganiens.  < 

At  Bristol,  aged  63,  John  D.  Pountney,  esq.  who 
three  or  four  years  shice  filled  the  office  of  chief 
magistrate  of  the  city.  He  was  in  a  large  business 
as  a  potter,  was  liberal  and  kind  to  tJioac  em- 
ployed by  him,  and  to  the  poor  of  the  district. 

At  Bedfont,  Middlesex,  aged  61,  Margaret,  wife 
oft  Mr.  Rich,  pastrycook,  of  Ludgate-hill,  and  Bed- 
font. 


Dec.  31.  At  the  Priory,  Christchurch,  Hants, 
Augusta-Caroline,  second  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Spieker  Brander. 

At  Hawstead-lodge,  aged  75,  Sam.  Buck,  eai\. 

Mr.  John  Clements,  late  Capt.  of  the  Govern- 
ment hoy  Mary.  His  death  was  caused  by  taking 
a  wine-glassful  of  the  tincture  of  colchicum,  in- 
stead of  twenty  or  thirty  drops,  for  the  gout. 

At  Folkestone,  aged  62,  Dr.  Patrick  Leslie, 
H.E.I.C.S.  of  Wilton-place. 

Aged  77,  Samuel  M'Dowall,  esq.  of  Esher. 

At  Staines,  aged  97,  Martha,  widow  of  W.  Ro- 
maine,  D.D.  of  Reading. 

Lately.  At  Palermo,  Harriet,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  John  Bagshaw,  esq.  of  Newca.<itle-under-Lyme. 

At  Lilliput,  Hornchurch,  aged  86,  Mar}'-Hiig- 
gesson,  relict  of  the  Rev.  James  Bearblock,  for- 
merly Fellow  of  King's  college,  Cambridge. 

At  Percothan  House,  St.  Merryn,  Cornwall, 
aged  59,  Lieut.  Thos.  Dunstan,  R.N.  He  was  for 
many  years  in  the  Mail  Packet  Service,  and  also 
served  in  the  expedition  to  China. 

At  Byfleet,  Surrey,  aged  72,  Isabella,  dau.  of 
the  late  John  Glegg,  es(i.  of  Baldock,  Herts,  and 
sister  of  the  late  Capt.  Glegg,  of  the  1 7th  Light 
Horse. 

Aged  85,  Mr.  Jonathan  Hiscox,  many  years 
parish-clerk  of  Kew.  He  resided  upwards  of  sixty 
5*ears  in  one  house,  and  discharged  his  official 
duties  on  the  Sunday  precedmg  his  demise  with- 
out the  use  of  siKx:tacles ;  and,  on  the  lliursday 
previous,  tolled  the  passing  bell  of  Mias  Morrice, 
who  resided  at  Kew  Palace,  in  apartments  pro- 
vided by  her  late  Majesty  Queen  Charlotte,  on 
whose  bounty  she  lived  to  the  age  of  70.  Mr. 
Hiscox  was  highly  respected.  The  late  Duke  of 
Cambridge  caused  his  iK)rtrait  to  be  placed  in  the 
vestry  of  the  church,  and  her  present  Majesty 
added  5^  annually  to  his  salary. 

At  Paris,  aged  27,  James  Kaley,  u  Scotch 
giant  recently  exhibited  at  a.  cafe  on  the  Boule- 
vards :  his  height  was  seven  and  a  half  (nearly 
eight  feet  English).  Though  apparently  of  great 
power,  he  was  in  reality  of  a  very  weakly  consti- 
tution. He  was  never  married,  and  died  almost 
in  poverty. 

Aged  90,  Mohammed  Klian,  Charge  d' Affaires 
of  Persia  at  Coustantinople  for  upwards  of  thirty 
ycais. 

In  Australia,  Hugh  Proby,  esq.  third  son  of  the 
Hon.  Admiral  Proby,  and  nephew  to  the  Earl  of 
Carj'sfort.  Mr.  Proby  was  drowned  in  attempting 
to  cross  a  flooded  river. 

At  Tarbolton,  aged  79,  Mr.  Thomas  Stobo.  He 
entered  in  the  Greys  or  2d  Dragoons  in  1790,  and 
was  "with  the  Duke  of  York  at  Dunkirk  ;  he  was 
the  oldest  soldier  in  the  Greys  who  fought  at 
Waterloo,  and  the  very  '*  beau  ideal "  of  a  British 
dragoon.  He  was  brother  to  the  late  Capt.  Stol>o 
of  the  Greys,  who  died  in  1838. 

At  Castle  Douglas,  aged  78,  Mr.  Joseph  Train,  a 
friend  and  antiquarian  auxiliar>'  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  Mr.  Train  was  the  author  of  a  history  of 
Galloway,  but  l>etter  known  by  the  compliments 
paid  him  in  Mr.  Lockliart's  Life  of  Scott. 

Joseph  Willday,  esq.  of  Atherstone,  co.  Wanv. 
(whose  death  is  recorded  in  our  Dec.  Magazine, 
p.  659),  luis  bequeathed  the  sum  of  lOOW.  to  each 
of  the  following  cluirities :— the  London  Orphan 
Asjiuni,  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  the  Blind 
Asylum.  St.  (Jeorge's  Fields,  the  Blind  Asylum, 
Liverpool,  and  the  Birmingham  General  Hospital. 

John  Zecliariah,csq.  of  Haverstock-hill.  He  has 
left  the  following  legacies  payable  on  the  demise 
of  his  ^^-idow,  viz.— Jews'  Hospital,  500/. ;  Jew»' 
Free  School,  200/. ;  Society  for  Relieving  the  Des- 
titute Blind  of  the  Jewish  persuasion,  200/. ;  Jews' 
Orphan  Asylum,  200/. ;  Widows'  Home  Asylum, 
200/. ;  Hand -in -Hand  Asylum  for  Decayed  Jewish 
Tratlesmen,  200/. ;  Portsmouth  Synagogue,  100/. 

Jar,.  1 .  At  Trinity  HaU,  Bungay,  aged  79,  John 
James  Bedingfield,  esq. 

At  Peckhiun,  Surrey,  aged  77,  Thomas  Bough- 
ton,  esq.  of  tlie  Stock  l^zctiaDge. 


1853.J 


Obituary. 


S^l 


At  B«tli,  Aged  Tl^Ura,  H.  BowdJer. 

At  edJnIrargh,  aged  »4.  Him  Anne  OUjuore. 

At  Lew1jdi«mf  agfMd  ti5^  CUureif  wife  of  NntKonkl 
Hadley,  «««i, 

SiLi'l^     '  i?a^  Army  and  Kavy  Club,  Ltcut. 

WUU  N,  of  Newton  Ilou.'^e,  in  Com- 

wall.  '  Che  *?rvict  In  ISO*!;    was  nxid- 

H\\\\iv  .'  .■■  ;■,■  i  j',.iMi.i  ris^  Tiitl-.'.  ■  *  ■  ''  ..ir  |g, 
and  .siiv.  -,,|, ,»•.,,■.;  .J  .,-■,  |,  .  I,  '  -lean. 

In  IWJ  i   h.,   j.„;,r.i  Ml.,     .■•-.li,  L'.y   ;   ,■     ■     ■  ,..   120, 

oud  i^iiice  i  rwlfhck,  the  rijiff-hiliiii>  in  uic  Medl- 
terruieati  and  at  Hamcnte.  He  woa  made  Lfeu^ 
tuatuit  iai5,  and  comuuntied  fjrom  Nov.  1H36  to 
l^a&  tlu?  Echo  fteam  veosel  an  tlie  Nc^rtb  Ameri- 
can and  We«t  Indiui  itatloR. 

At  HliicUcTi«S«d  46.  E.  K.  Jarvu*,  tis^i.  solicitor. 

At  Hfitrd,  Eosex,  ftg«d  $t,  HAiy,  wife  of  Honry 
Kilvin^on,  eeq. 

At  Hftfitingfi,  John  Nenbitt,  esq.  of  Oxfard-«(i. 
London,  Aud  LiHmorc  f[om»e,  co.  Cavan,  a  Deputy- 
Lfeat.  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  tiiai  eo»iiity. 

Jan.  ■.'.  At  Springfield,  VVaiKUwarth-rood. 
Aged  71 ,  Catliarine,  widow  of  the  Uev.  Christopher 
D'Oyley  Aplin. 

In  the  FiUhAiii-rottd,  aged  46,  Capt*  Uobcrt  Boyd 
Brown,  half-pay,  Into  t'^^rd  Be^. 

At  Daiston,  Aniia-l1iurlA»  wUlow  of  tlic  Hcv. 
Henry  Wr.iy  Browne,  Vlt-ni"  of  Dillingi«tiiirst,  Si»a- 

In  PiinUco,  utfed  b%,  jMnes  Burruw;*,  e«i. 

In  Wfttf>n-*t.  I>or»et-sKi.  Ifiuy-Timiisciid,  witii  of 
Charl      '  T  Clirii!itiau,e*<i. 

At  ,  ;iu.x  Lee**?,  c«q,  Irtte  of  Bl«ck- 

licat  1  ly  of  the  Bengal  Med.  ServSec. 

At     1  ttrmonTM,  i.W.  aged  7H,   Uarry  Leigh, 

At  Old  Swindon.  WUtit  Lacretb.  cldeit  dan.  of 
the  lat«.i  Her.  Coryndon  Liumoore*  Reelor  of 
Bnde>stowe. 

Ill  \rilt«)n-pl.  Mis*  SlaeLccKl,  iilde*t  dau.  of  Uic 
lateCoi.  MaeLeod,afC«lhcck, 

At  Weal  Brouipton,  m(^  40^  Jotm  Dr&ku  Prid- 

AtPaditini^on,  itged  »7,  Edward  Ilfty,  e^j.  fof- 
luerly  of  GbelteohAUL. 

At  Brighton,  Mu^guvtta^Sophia,  elde»t  ihiu.  of 
the  lato  Rov.  Montatrno  Ruslt. 

in  Wavcrlcy-pL  St.  John  ,-( Wood,  njsed  56»  Capt. 
IL  B.  SJicttler,  ItKJ.C.S. 

At  Eiher,  ag«d  tlS,  Margaret,  raU«t  of  GfOri^o 
Vegey.  eai|. 

JtiH.  3.  In  Kemdngton,  agod  77,  Ml5:i<  EHxalicth 
B«ffttlay. 

Anbrey  Frederick  TJame.>  Be«ucl«i*k.  enti*  for- 
merly a  CHpt.  hi  the  7th  RoyaJ  FiudllcRs,  and 
yoiuigcst  aon  of  the  Liio  llcv.  I^ord  Frederick 
Bcauelerk,  of  ^\  inolificld.  Ilant*. 

At  Go^Kirt,  u^ed  77,  Major-OeiiJ.  Peter  Urown, 
forTnerly  of  the  aSd  Royal  Welsh  Fnstliers,  and 
rei'cutJy  Comtoaudimt  of  the  Royal  MUilary  A»y- 
Juiu,  ChdMia, 

At  Chialedon-bouae,  near  Swindonr  iigcd  n't], 
John  Brown,  isq. 

Latir;i-Af1dlnc, 'Ian  of  t  T.  Orrtver  Browne, 
liiq.  "1""'  '■■■rfolk. 

In  tan.,  of  tlie 

lat*  ^r  II.  K.C.H. 

At  ><kUtll  Ij»iii- 

1*1  h.  I  i*nrsl»Qu>se 

L»rivr  ,ik. 

Ai  ^ 

At  Sir  JatueA 

Leitfl  ul  Kmpre** 

ofaU  tlir  l^u-iiiiv 

At  tUrhain,  the  widow  of  U«ut.-Col.  C  C.  Ml- 
eliell. 

In  \l  il^i-  the  wife  of  DavM 

Willi 

At  i ;  ^-  fit  Rov.  Wlllittin  O'Hlg- 

UJna,  Roman  ^loj*  of  Arda^li.     lleoe- 

'  eitpl«dftpn  on  throufdioat  the  Re- 

^.alagitiUi"  -  fH43-4;  1>ut  for  alon^c 

Bmc  p«tt  had  ^rtitlidrami  from  i»olltieA. 

In  (lie  Cltiicterv,  Winder,  afed  1»1,  ThotUMiiiio 


Pncke.  yoitnger  daa.  of  GhriatflpUor  Pncke^  MJ). 
formerly  of  CantertiuiTr. 

In  Surrey,  aged  77,  Jiine  St»nel,  reUtlve  of  the 
late  Sir  Thonms  Sorel*  Consul  at  Trieste. 

Jan.  4,  At  Darlington.  Ji^ed  (>0,  MrM.  Barnard, 
niuee  of  tho  lAte  Ohrtfltopher  Alderson,  esq.  of 
llomcrton,  near  London. 

Aged  1^8,  James  Becby,  e^q.  of  Walpoie-Ktreeti 
CbefiteAt  late  a  r«nior  Clerk  in  the  JfAvy  Pay  OlWee, 
Somerwt  Hotise. 

At  Dalston,  ageil  n7,  £lUzBl)eth,  wife  of  Jamo« 
Chilton,  CAQ. 

At  Cbelterihinn,  ngwl  \%  Mr,  Tliomaa  ClotdiTy, 
only  ann'ivtng  son  of  Lieut.  Cluhley,  R.N. 

At  HnatliigH,  age*!  42,  R.  H,  FHulconer,  esq.  af 
Lowes, 

At  N«wj>ort,  I.W-  aijed  »H,  Jano,  relict  of  Jooepll 
Scotti^oaq.  RoUcitor,  London. 

At  the  Elma,  Ealing,  ttged  7i,  John  Smlth|  esq. 
iatc  of  Rcgent-Kt, 

At  tile  residence  of  Joliti  HUnp^un,  e*i.  M.D. 
Gloncc»ter-pl.  Porrnuui-.*ii.  aged  70,  Joyce,  relict 
of  JameM  Kelro  Watwu,  ef«t(.  banker,  of  Hull. 

Jnn.  j.  At  the  bouiW?  of  ht&  fion-in-law,  Lowfonl 
HkhanUou,  ts^i.  FliliniM,  aged  GG,  Jor^hua  An- 
drew*, cjmj. 

At  tim  Manor  Uon^Mip  HAmpton,  Middlesex,  the 
Hon.  Hftria-Catberine,  relict  of  George  Frauds 
Barlow,  late  of  Wetherby  and  Slg»worth,  esq. 
eldeai  mirvt^ing  dan.  of  the  late  Rigbt  Hon.  Jamea 
ForteMnie,  of  RaA-enstdjik'!  Park,  Ireland,  and  cialer 
of  the  late  VLscoiint  Ciennont. 

At  Chi«eldnn  Ho^ine,  near  Swindon,  aged  61, 
John  Browne,  ciki. 

At  Rttweliffe,  near  Selby,  uged  60,  Jos.  Fletcher, 
enq.  shipowner,  of  Goole  and  London. 

At  Soathampton,  John  Frami*,  ewj.  formerly  of 
Batli. 

Aged  2^,  lienry-Navariu,  third  urn  of  the  lato 
Lieut.  Sit  W,  A.  Hunffnte,  Bart.  R.N. 

At  Derby,  ngcrt  W,  WlllUmi  Eaton  Moujiloy, esq. 

At  ^atliamptiiii.  u^wl  7fj,  Gracc-Panson,  cideat 
dan.  of  the  late  Hiuiiphrey  r>»bom,  efM}.  of  tho 
island  of  St,  Cliri>topliLT. 

At  Fredvillp,  aped  H9,  Charlotte,  widow  of  John 
Pluuiptre,  t-'^i.  She  ^vais  dau.  of  the  Rov.  Jeremy 
Pembcrton,  of  Tr um pin gton,  near  Cambridge,  was 
married  in  17A8i,  and  left  :t  i^idow  in  ie?7,liaTliig 
liod  itu^ue  the  pre;t>ent  Joltii  Fomberton  PluiDptre. 
esq.  Ml*,  for  E*u»r  Kenttt>vo  other  son*,  and  elglit 
tlaoghterA* 

At  Peckh.iiu,  agefl  70,  Samuel  Prontlcc,  eaq. 
lahJ  of  Sllncing-lano, 

Agofl  7 J,  Ann,  relict  of  Henry  Sai^Ter,  of  En- 
field, -^oHdtor. 

Jan,  ti.  At  BaUi,  aged  fi'i,  Charlotte,  widow  of 
Lieut.'On.  George  Conyngham,  E.E.LC.S. 

Jonathnn  Corke,  esq.  ^orgeon,  of  Cranbrook, 
Kent. 

A^lnI  47,  lliotuaaEnywaidfOsq.ofOttiUbrd'^* 
rtud  Miiicinii^'-ittne. 

At  Bni.li  i         '  '  VI,  Eikalieth.raWet 

of  T,  11.  Ki  Barnstaple,  eldart 

dau.  of  Uu  -^q. 

At  tiio  l.iui  v.i  ntj-i  n  .,  lUehmond,  SuiTCy, 
tti<;ed  76,  Harriet.  yoiinge*t  dim.  of  thfl  late  John 
Kirby,  e^wj-  of  Ipj^wich. 

At  Brighton,  Copt.  Uithard  Kirwan,  late  of  7Ui 
Ituyal  FtiNlBtirn. 

Aged  T)!,  Jemima,  nidow  of  Richard  Miir«b,eiq. 
of  St.  Stephen^s,  Caiitcrbnry,  and  eUiest  dau.  of 
the  bite  Cluirle*  Fourdrinier,  e<q.  of  Lower  Toot- 
ing, Surrey. 

At  Sldmoutli,  ngctl  33,  Garry  Grout  Stokes,  esri, 

ex. 

In  Bryunvlooe-iq.  aged  7»,  Franein  Warden, 
eacj.  late  an  Ka«<t  India  Director,  and  for  many 
year«  a  di»ttng«i«htf<l  eivil  wnant  of  the  Hon. 
Ea«t  India  Coinpanv 

Jan.  7.    At   E.y  i  '    V?,  Tliouias  Tartiec 

Alkln,  wq.  only  '-  Thonuw  Tttmer 

Alkin,  eaq.  of  the  <  ,  ilttnton,  Kent. 

At  Balitnahoae  Jiourte.  Aiuert,  Mcond  sOQ  of 
L9ui«  Anderaon,  eMj.  County  Inspector. 


222 


Obituary. 


[Feb. 


In  Eaton-sq.  Anne,  widow  of  Leri  Ames,  esq.  of 
the  Hyde,  Herts. 

At  Elton,  near  Stockton 'Upon-Tees,  aged  IIG, 
Mrs.  Mary  Benton.  She  was  mnch  bent  with  her 
weight  of  years,  but  retained  all  her  fJEUiulties  to  the 
last,  and  coald  sew  without  spectacles.  She  was 
a  native  of  Cockfield,  co.  Durham  ;  resided  some 
time  at  Long  Newton,  but  died  at  the  house  of  her 
only  daughter  at  Elton.  The  fother  of  the  de- 
ceased lived  to  the  age  of  105  years.  There  is 
acme  dispute  respecting  her  precise  age,  one  ac- 
count statfaig  her  to  be  117,  and  another  in  her 
122nd  year,  and  as  has  having  been  bom  Feb.  12th, 
1731. 

In  Kensington  Palace-gardens,  aged  35,  Lieut. 
Percy  William  Coventry,  R.N.  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Darby  Coventry,  esq.  of  Greenlands, 
Bucks.  He  entered  the  service  in  1831 ,  was  made 
Lieutenant  in  1844,  and  served  in  184.'>.  aa  Flag- 
Lieutenant  to  the  late  Rear-Admiral  Inglefield, 
C.B.when  Commander-in-Chief  in  the  East  Indies. 

At  Penlu,  Tuckingmill,  aged  69,  Thomas  Davy, 
esq.  late  member  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Bickford, 
Smith,  and  Davy. 

At  Lewisham,  aged  90,  Ann,  relict  of  Captain 
Stephen  Rains,  R.N. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  45,  Jane,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Richard  Robson,  esq.  of  Doncaster,  and  niece 
of  S.  W.  NicoII,  esq.  many  years  Recorder  of  that 
borough,  and  of  York. 

Aged  72,  J.  W.  Rudlln,  esq.  Edith  Villas,  North 
End,  Fulhara. 

At  Skeigoneill,  Margaret,  wife  of  James  Stecu, 
esq. 

Aged  50,  Mr.  Robert  Suttaby,  of  Paul's-ter. 
Ball's-pond,  and  of  Stationers'-court,  St.  Paul's : 
head  of  the  Arm  of  Suttaby  &  Co.  pocketbook  pub- 
lishers. 

At  J.  Walter's,  esq.  Plympton.  Agnes,  relict  of 
William  Taylor,  esq.  of  Mount  ElwelT,  Totnes. 

At  the  reKidcnce  of  her  nephew,  Mr.  William 
Hunter,  Tufncll  Park,  Upper  Holloway,  aged  92, 
Hiss  Helen  Thomson,  last  snrvinng  dau.  of  the 
late  Andrew  Thomson,  esq.  of  Glasgow. 

Sarah-Pawsey,  wife  of  Mr.  John  Eyre  Vaidv, 
and  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  R.  Elliott,  of  Devizes.' 

Jan.  8.  At  Vevay,  in  Switzerland,  aged  43,  Lady 
Augusta  Baring,  daughter  of  the  late  Earl  of  Car- 
digan, and  sister  to  the  present  Earl.  She  mar- 
ried, in  1827,  Major  Henry  Bingham  Baring,  M.P. 
by  whom  she  has  left  a  family. 

At  Drinkston  House,  in  consequence  of  an  acci- 
dental wound  received  while  out  shooting,  aged 
18,  William  Rushbrooke  Eden,  gentleman  cadet  ot 
the  R.  Mil.  Academy.  Woolwich,  eldest  son  of 
Col.  W.  H.  Eden,  commanding  56th  Rogt.  at  Ber- 
muda. 

At  the  residence  of  his  father,  aged  37,  WiUiauj 
Hayley  Engleheart,  solicitor,  second  son  of  Na- 
thaniel Brown  Engleheart,  esq.  ot  Doctors'-com- 
raons,  and  Blackheath. 

At  Brighton,  the  wife  of  B.  Faulkner,  esq.  late 
of  Anglesey,  near  Gosport. 

At  Oxford,  aged  76,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  George,  for- 
merly of  Birmingham. 

At  Dover,  ag^  84,  Esther,  relict  of  James 
Jeken,  esq.  of  Martin. 

In  Upper  Eccleston-st.  aged  71,  Mrs.  Watson 
Taylor,  relict  of  George  Watson  Taylor,  esq.  of 
Eriestoke  Park,  WUts,  eld&st  dau.  of  the  late  Sir 
John  Taylor,  Bart,  and  heire.ss  of  her  brother,  the 
late  Sir  SUnon  R.  B.  Taylor,  Bart. 

At  Ripon,  aged  72,  Josepli  Bevers  Terry,  c<»q. 
banker. 

Jan.  9.  At  Blackheath-hill,  aged  73,  Capt. 
Charles  Allen,  R.N.  He  was  bom  at  Blackheath 
In  1779,  and  was  son  of  Wm.  Allen,  esq.  of  tlie 
Stamp  Office,  a  Commissioner  of  Greenwich  Hos- 
pital. He  entered  the  navy  in  1793  on  board  the 
Diomede  44,  and  was  in  that  ship  when  wrecked 

gd  lost ,  off  Trincomalee,  in  1 795.  In  the  Heroine 
he  co-operated  in  the  reduction  of  the  Dutch 
Mttlements  at  Ceylon;  and, on  the  iSth  Jane, 
^799.  was  promot»d  from  (he  Sn^olk  74  to  tli* 


flag-ship  of  Rear-Adm.  P.  Rainier,  to  a  Lieute- 
nancy in  the  VictoriooB  74.  He  afterwards  Joined 
successively  the  Spencer  74,  Thetis  38,  and  B«lle- 
rophon  74.  On  the  7th  July,  1809,  in  consequence 
of  the  death  of  Lieut.  Joseph  Hawkey,  early  in  the 
action,  he  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  boats, 
seventeen  in  number,  appointed  to  attack  a  Rus- 
sian flotilla  of  8  gun-boats  and  12  merclumtmen, 
on  the  coast  of  Finland.  Six  of  the  gun-boats 
were  captured  and  sunk,  and  the  whole  of  the 
convoy  captured.  For  this  service  Mr.  Allen  was 
raised  to  the  rank  of  Commander ;  but,  not  ob- 
taining further  employment,  he  retired  with  the 
rank  of  Captahi  in  1840. 

At  Tumham-green,  Charlotte,  widow  of  R.  D. 
BailifT,  esq.  and  second  dau.  of  the  late  George 
Suart,  esq.  of  Sutton,  Middlesex. 

At  Bath,  aged  73,  Wm.  Basnett,  esq. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  48,  Charlotte,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  George  Brookes,  esq.  solicitor,  of  Lai- 
cester-sq.  and  wife  of  Mr.  Wm.  Hitchin,  Account- 
ant  and  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society. 

At  Horsham,  aged  73,  Sarah,  relict  of  Charles 
Child,  esq.  of  Wamham. 

At  Platway,  Devon,  aged  45,  Jemima,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  J.  T.  C^rytou,  esq.  of  Pentillie 
Castle,  Cornwall. 

At  Beverley,  aged  81,  Hannah,  relict  of  John 
Lee,  esq.  of  Gardham. 

At  Silverton,  co.  Dublm,  Selina-Ann,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Col.  Miller,  C.B.,  K.H.,  formerly 
Deputy  Inspector-Gen.  of  the  Constabulary  in 
Ireland. 

At  her  son-ui-law's,  the  Rev.  Henry  Lloyd 
Oswcll, Leighton  Vicarage,  near  Shrewsbury,  aged 
80,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Cliarles  Murray,  esq.  of 
Tillington,  near  Petworth. 

At  GilHngham-hall,  Norfolk,  Susan-Elizabeth, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Bacon  Schutz,  esq. 

At  Bedford,  aged  50,  Alexander  Sharmaft,  esq. 
solicitor. 

At  Pockimm,  aged  81,  Thomas  Stringer,  esq. 

Jan.  10.  At  Chetwynd  Park,  Salop,  aged  70. 
Jane,  relict  of  Thomas  Borough,  esq. 

At  her. son's  in  New  Millman-st.  (A.  Cooper, 
esq.  R.A.)  liged  89,  Mrs.  Susanna  Cooper. 

Joseph  Houlton,Jun.  esq.  of  Lisson-grove. 

At  Littleworth,  near  Stroud,  aged  71,  John 
Howard,  esq. 

At  Faringdon,  Berks,  aged  52,  Mary,  wife  of 
Bryan  Reynolds,  esq. 

Aged  26,  Walter  Scott  Lockhart  Scott,  esq.  of 
Abbotsford,  Roxburghshire,  only  son  of  Mr.  Lock- 
hart,  and  grandson  of  Sir  Walter  Scott.  When  Sir 
Walter  died  he  left  two  sons  and  a  grandson  to 
peri>etuate  the  lineage  of  his  house;  and  it  is 
difficult  to  conceive  that  even  a  chance  thought 
could  have  crossed  his  mind  that  all  three  should 
die  childless  and  abroad  in  the  short  space  of 
twenty  years.  The  only  grandchild  of  that  great 
novelist  now  alive  is  Mr.  Lockhart'sonly  suniving 
child,  Mrs,  Hope. 

At  Shippon  House,  Berks,  aged  18,  Editha- 
Frances,  second  dau.  of  John  Waite,  esq. 

At  Old  Elvet,  Durham,  aged  91.  Ellen,  widow  of 
Thomas  Wilkinson,  esq.  formerly  of  Brancepeth 
and  Oswald  House,  Durham. 

Jan.  11.  At  Kevington,  St.  Mary  Cray,  Kent, 
aged  79,  Joseph  Berens,  esq. 

At  Ilaxey  ncarage,  aged  82,  Mary,  relict  of  Mat- 
thew Dobson,  esq.  of  Kirk  EUa,  near  Hull. 

At  Berwood -common,  Erdington,  aged  49,  John 
Fowler,  e,«»q. 

At  Batli,  affcd  64,  Lieut. -Col.  Grieve,  late  com- 
manding 75th  Regt. 

At  Stockwell,  aged  55,'Capt.  James  Horton,  late 
of  the  Royal  Staff  Corp.s. 

At  Oxford,  Archibald  Lovibond  Iropey,  esq.  son 
of  Capt.  John  Lowry  Impey,  M.N.S. 

Harriett,  wife  of  Arthur  Manners,  esq.  of  Rut- 
land-gate, Hyde-park. 

At  Comber,  Mr.  Aaron  J.  M'Murrar,  surgeon. 

At  Portsmonth,  aged  7A,  Andrew  Iwipf,  ewj. 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


^3 


At  Heavitrcc,  aged  83,  Lucy,  dau.  of  the  late 
Richard  Pering,  esq,  of  Rochford,  and  formerly 
Liout.-Col.  of  the  South  Devon  Militia. 

At  Haugle  Rock,  co.  Mayo,  aged  38,  tlie  Hon. 
Barry  Charles  Yelverton,  eldest  son  of  Viscount 
Avonmore.  He  was  born  in  Dublin  in  1814  ;  ap- 
pointed Lieut.  79th  Foot  1833,  and  retired  from 
the  army  in  1849,  He  was  unmarried ;  and  his 
next  brother,  now  the  heir  apparent,  was  born  in 
181b. 

Jan.  12.  At  Oakliam,  agetl  72,  Mai'y,  widow  of 
Samuel  Ball,  gent. 

Aged  25,  William  L.  Hayes,  esq.  of  Wetherby. 

In  London,  aged  30,  Elizabetli,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
J.  Le  Mesurier,  of  Bembridge,  I.  W. 

At  Stoke-next-Gulldford,  aged  ."il,  Jane,  wife  of 
John  Lewis,  esq.  formerly  of  Newbury. 

Jan.  13.  At  Bath,  within  a  few  days  of  com- 
pletinj?  her  98th  year,  Mary-Anne,widow  of  George 
Arnold  Aniold,  esq.  of  Halstead  Place,  Kent. 

In  West-sq.  Soutliwark,  aged  83,  Susannah, 
widow  of  Lieut.  Robert  Clerk  Ruthven,  R.N.  of 
Crlennau,  Argyleshire. 

At  Brixton,  aged  42,  Lucretia,  wife  of  Dr. 
Vallance. 

At  Stratford-green,  Essex,  aged  72,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  Abraham  Wilkinson,  ejjq.  M.D.  of  White 
Webbs,  Enfield. 

Jan.  14,  At  Evcrton  Cottage,  Park  Hill,  Clap- 
ham,  in  her  G7th  year.  Miss  Sarah-Anne  Baker, 
the  yotmger  daughter  of  the  late  John  Baker, 
esq.  of  Hampstead,  and  formerly  Master  of  the 
Apothecaries'  Company,  and  sister  to  the  Rev, 
Wm.Lake  Baker,  Rector  of  Hurgrave,  co,  North- 
ampton.    The    truly  Christian  virtues  of    this 


estimable  lady  shone  brighter  and  brighter  to  her 
dying  hour.  She  was  burled  on  the  2l8t  at  Ken- 
sail  Green,  in  the  tomb  of  her  late  8ist«r,  Mrs. 
J.  B,  Nichols, 

At  NcA^-ton  Abbot,  aged  87,  P.  Clarke,  esq. 
nearly  forty  years  an  inhabitant  of  that  town. 

In  Hyde-purk-sq.  aged  77,  Hannah,  relict  of 
Colonel  Thomas  Gooch,  of  Shenfleld  Place,  Essex, 
brother  of  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Gooch,  Bart,  of 
Benacre  Hall,  SutTolk. 

At  Portsmouth,  aged  G.'),  William  Harrison,  esq. 
for  many  jrears  proprietor  and  publisher  of  the 
HampshU-e  Telegraph  newspaper. 

At  Bordeaux,  George  A.  H.  Harrison,  esq.  eldest 
son  of  William  George  Harrison,  esq.  of  Glouces- 
ter-terrace. Hyde-park, 

In  Brunswick-sq.  Sanmel  Lucas,  esq. 

James  Price,  esq.  for  many  years  editor  of  the 
Dublin  Evening  Packet. 

Jan.  18,  At  London,  Mr.  Charles  Mears,  of  the 
tinn  of  Messrs.  Charles  and  George  Mears,  bell- 
founders,  of  Whitechapel. 

At  Mount  St.  Benedict's  priory.  Groat  Hey^ood, 
Staff.,  Sister  Teresa  Gertrude  (Francis  Barbara 
Tempest),  O.S.B.,  thurd  (hiu.  of  the  late  Stephen 
Tempest,  esq,  of  Broughton  Hall,  co.  York,  In  the 
53rd  year  of  her  age,  and  the  20th  year  of  her 
profession.    R.I.P. 

Jan.  20.  At  York,  Mrs.  Frances  Plumbe,  last 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Thos.  Plumbe,  esq.  of 
Tong  Hall,  Yorkshire. 

At  Chesterton,  Cambridge,  aged  74,  John  Brig- 
ham  Wiles,  esq.  sou  of  the  Tate  William  Wiles,  esq. 
of  that  place,  and  brother  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Wiles, 
M.A.  Vicar  of  HitchUi. 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
(From  the  Returns  issued  by  the  Registrar -General.) 


Deaths  Registered 

n'S) 

Week  ending 

Saturday, 

Under 

15  to 

60  and 

Age  not 

Total. 

Males. 

!  Females. 

,     15. 

60. 

upwards. 

specified. 

; 

(2 

Dec.        25  . 

382 

301 

172 

10 

865 

442 

423 

1351 

Jan.           1  . 

■     568 

470 

268 

2 

1308 

715 

593 

1911 

„        8  . 

1     432 

319 

209 

9 

969 

489 

'       480 

1439 

„      15  . 

1    477 

314 

188 

22 

1001 

492 

509 

1596 

„      22  . 

446 

327 

199 

23 

995 

494 

501 

1577 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Jan.  21. 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

s.    d. 

s.    d. 

#.    d. 

*.    d. 

*.    d. 

s.    d. 

45  10 

29  10 

18     7 

30     8 

34     8 

30    7 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Jan.  24. 
Sussex  Pockets,  4/.  lOs,  to  5/.  5#.— Kent  Pockets,  4/.  10«.  to  8/.  0#. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Jan.  24. 

Hay,  3/.  10*.  to  4/.  0*.— Straw,  1/.  6*.  to  1/.  10*.— Clover,  3/.  10#.  to  4/.  15*. 

SMITHFIELD,  Jan.  24.  To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 

Baef 2*.  lOd.  to  4*.  2d,   I    Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Jan.  24. 

Mutton 3*.    Hd.  to  bs.  Od.  Beasts 4,170    CaWes  152 

Veal 3*.    4d.tois.  Sd.  Sheep  and  Lambs   17,660    Pigs      290 

Pork 2*.  lOrf.  to4*.  Orf.  j 

COAL  MARKET,  Jan.  21. 

Walls  Ends,  &c.  14*.  Od.  to  18*.  Sd.  per  ton.     Other  sorts,  14*.  6J.  to  17*.  6d, 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.--Towii  Tallow,  47'.  3if .     Yellow  Rumu^  47#.  6d. 


224 


o5     Q.S 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  GARY,  Strand. 

From  December  26,  1852,  to  January  25,  1853,  both  inclusive, 

Fahrenheit's  Thernip 


Fih  ran  he  it's  Tiierm 

"Si 


Dee. 

23 

27 

2S 

29 

30 

SI 

J  J 

2 

S 

4 

5 

e 

7 

fi 

9 

10 


m 

50 
42 
49 
49 
44p 
4^ 
50 
47 
47 
46 
45 

m 

43 


5  CP 


*   I     "   'in-pts, 

50     S3  [id,  74 

46 

55 
56 


Weather, 


,^ 


56 
5L 
52 
48 
40 
51 
49 
53 
47 


fr^hlgb  wd-ra. 
45  f  ,  32  'm.  do,ilo,do,| 
39       ,  56  I  fair,  raiu,  fair 

50  ►    ,05   do*  do,  I 

45  '    J  6i   do,  doody 
48   30,  00    do.  ram 

51  ,  01    dc*,  do 
48   29,  84  i  do.  do, 


40  i  48 
47     4@ 


4t 
51 

41 
40 
43 
40 
43 
51 


,  80  raiOfCdy.ram, 
,  63  '  eloudy,  fair 
,  64  'rain I  cloudy 
,  63  ifair,  t&m 
,  24  'do,  do,  hail 
,  44  rain 
,  m  fair 
,49    do.  cldy.  »u 


U 

12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
IB 

m 

to 

21 
22 
23 


43 
51 
44 
38 
45 
39 
38 
33 
40 
52 


tJ  to 

-2^ 


59 
51 
48 
44 
45 
46 
43 
43 
47 
54 


24  I  35 

25  36 


45  I  49 
44 

38  i  4i 
43 


43  29,  59 


48 
41 
42 
41 
45 
38 
35 
47 
43 
37 
35 
37 
39 
37 


,  50 


Weather. 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


O  V   Z 

♦?       r^  S 


0)     CO 

0-3 


4  <s 


1=1, 


s^ 


-U 


CO 


^ 


o 
cq 


mill 

rr.thr.Ltog^.rn. 
,  29  'cloudy,  raia 
,  74  '  fair,  cloudy 
,  35  |,dd.  do. 
p  26    raia,  fair 
^  29    fair,  rain 
,  ej  I  rain,  fair,  cdy. 
,  95  i  fair,  cloudy 
,  61  I  rain,  cloudy 
,  53  I  do.  fair 
>  66  ,  do. 
,  99  iMt 
,  57  I  raiEi^  fair 
^  76    il^t,cldy.fair 


Ex.  Bills, 
;£1000. 


28  224i 
2912244 
30  2244 
312244 
1223f 
3224i 

5224^ 

6  2244 

7225 

8225 

102254 

11226 

12  226 

13 

14  225 
15| 

17  225 

18  226 
19224^ 

20  226 

21  226^ 

22  226 

24  227i 

25  2261 

26 

27  2274 


lOlJ 
10l| 
1014 
lOlf 
lOlf 
lOlf 
lOlf 
lOlJ 

lOU 
101 

1014 

lOlJ 

lOU 

101 

100 

lOOi 

lOOj 

100^ 

100^ 

1004 

1001 

100 

1004 

lool 
1004 

lOOf 

1004 


i(}(*i 

100^ 

luoi 

1 00^ 
100^ 

urn 

an 

994 
99j 
99J 
994 
99J 
99f 
994 
991 
99f 

J.J 


1041  Gl 
1041  61 
104f  6i 
104|   G| 

lOii 

llHf  6| 
104i    H 

1044 1 

I04i    6|  ^ 

1041 j 

101^- — -^ 
IIM}    61 


•  B;i  80  pm. 

-  HO  pm. 

-  B3  pm. 


k3  pm. 

-^ B3  pm. 

83  80  pm. 

!■ ! ' ■'   83  pm. 

1 m  pm. 

j 82  79  pm. 

■ j 1  «2  pm. 

' -'   79  pm. 

1 04^   64 78  81  pm. 


67 
72 
69 
69 
69 


104^    ^ ^ -HSlpm, 

ll>4i ^n0f274 

104^   C4 ^275 

ili:i^    01 

103J 

lO^   64 

1034    64 271 

1034 111    273 

1034   61 273 

103* 

1034   6i 


I 
'  79  pm. 

75  pm. 
78  75  pm. 
77  pm. 
73  pm. 
70  pm. 


71  pm. 
71  67  pm.   58 

103f   6^   110   68  71pm.:  57 

103|   64   109^ 67  71pm.l  61 

1034   64 272   67  71pm.   61 

AKNULL,  Stock  ond  Share  Broker, 

3,  Coptball  Cbamberf ,  Angel  Court, 

Throgmorton  Street,  London. 


71  pm. 

69  pm. 

72  pm. 
72  pm. 
72  pm. 

72  pm. 
72  69  pm. 

72  pm. 

73  pm. 
67  pm. 
67  pm. 
67  pm. 

70  pm. 
67  pm. 
70  pm. 
66  pm. 

63  pm. 

61  pm. 
60  pm. 

62  pm. 

64  pm. 
58  pm. 

61  58  pm. 
58  61  pm. 
57  61  pm. 
61  57  pm. 
61  57  pm. 


J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  BON,  PRINTBR8,  25,  PARLIAM BNT  8TBBBT. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

MARCH,  1853. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

30 NOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— Marriage  of  the  father  of  the  first  Earl  of  Carnarvon— Tlie 
ancient  Arms  of  Ireland— Sliakspere's  House— Tlioresby's  relatives— The  Lounger's  Com- 
mon Place  Book— History  of  Boston— Capt.  T.  W.  Buller 22C 

The  Masters  of  the  Roman  World  during  the  Happiest  Years  of  the  Human 

Race   227 

The  Gulistan,  or  Rose-Garden,  of  Sadi 234 

The  Dead,  as  described  by  Homer 237 

Letter  of  Joseph  Ames,  Esq.  to  Sir  Peter  Thompson   245 

The  Devereux  Earls  of  Essex 246 

Fr^  Dolcino  and  his  Times 253 

Memorials  of  John  Home,  the  author  of  Douglas 258 

A  Visit  to  Rome  in  the  year  17 3G  :  by  Alexander  Cunningham,  M.D.  afterwards 

Sir  Alexander  Dick,  Bart 263 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— Hie  Ancient  Records  of  Ireland :  The  For- 
feited Property  of  tlic  Earl  of  Tyrone— A  renewed  Examination  of  Richard  of  Cirencester 
—Irish  Bishops  employed  as  English  Suflfragan.i- Ccfn-y-Ca&tell  the  site  of  the  last  Battle 
of  Caractacus— English  Etyniolog>' :  "Cheer" — The  Societj' of  "Grcgorians"  alluded  to 
by  Pope— Escape  of  James  II.  from  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne— The  Family  of  Widdrlngton, 
Lord  Widdrington 267 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— FormaUon  of  the  Architectural  Museum— Sale  of  Mr.  Pugin's 
Mediaeval  Collection— The  Armoury  at  the  Tower  of  London— The  Beauchamp  Tower- 
Crypt  at  Aldgate  -Di!>coveries  in  Egyjit— The  Heraldic  Grievances  of  Scotland— Memorials 
to  Dean  Mercwether  and  Mr.  Bailey  at  Hereford  Cathedral— Elections  at  the  Royal  Aca- 
demy—The School  of  Desifrn— Museum  of  Science  at  Oxford— Wellington  College— Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge  — Coalbrook  Dale  Gatc.<^— Sale  of  the  Diorama— Tlie  Photographic 
Society— Illustrations  of  Pompeii  and  Hcrculaneum— Reuiahis  of  Pagan  Saxondom   280 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.-Newman's  Regal  Rome,  280 ;  Edgar's 
Tusculana,  ib. ;  The  Greek  Anthology,  287  ;  Bliss  Martineau's  Letters  from  Ireland,  !289 ; 
A  Spring  in  the  Canterbury  Settlement,  by  C.  W.  Adams,  291 ;  Johnson's  Tangible  Typo- 
graphy, if). ;  Dod's  Parliamentary  Companion  for  1853,  293 ;  Villette,  by  Currer  Bell,  ib.  ; 
Bowman's  Reliqulje  Antiquap  Eboraeenses 294 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES— Society  of  Antiquaries,  294  ;  Arclueologlcal  InsUtute,  296  ; 

British  Archajologic^il  dissociation,  298  ;  Leominster  Priory  Church  299 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  301 ;  Domestic  Occurrences    301 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  302  ;  Births,  301 ;  Marriages   304 

OBITUARY;  with  Memoirs  of  The  Archduke  Reinier;  Eail  of  Stair;  Earl  of  Oxford  and 
Mortimer ;  Earl  of  Tvreonnell ;  Earl  Beauchamp ;  Viscount  Melbourne ;  Right  Hon. 
David  Bfiylo ;  Right  Hon.  John  Nicholl ;  Sh-  Cliarles  Wager  Watson,  Bart. ;  Lleut.-Col. 
Sir  II.  C.  Darell,  Bart. ;  Shr  Arthur  H.  DUlon,  Bart. ;  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  L.  P.  Jones  Parry ; 
Lieut..Gen.Burrcll ;  Nathaniel  Alexander,  Esq. ;  IIenr>' Petre,  Esq. ;  Henry  Fynes-Clln- 
ton,  Esq. ;  Rev.  Edward  Rice,  D.D. ;  Rev.  Peter  Lovctt  Eraser  ;  Rev.  Thomas  Spencer  ; 
Rev.  Samuel  Johnes-Knight ;  Peter  Borthi»ick,  Esq. ;  Jonathan  Pereira,  M.D. ;  WlUI.im 
Chadwick,  Esq. ;  H.  P.  Borrell.  Esq. ;  Mr.  F.  W.  N.  Bayley;  Jlr.  Robert  Forrest;  Mr. 
Joshua  .Tenour ;  Mr.  John  Dudeney 307—326 

Clekgt  Deceased 327 

Deaths,  arranged  in  Clironological  Order   328 

Reidstrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  In  the  Metropolis- Markets,  ZSTti  Meteorological 

I>iar>'— Daily  Price  of  Stocks 336 


By    SYLVANUS   URBAN,    Gknt. 


226 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Attention  having  been  drawn  to  the 
communication,  signed  T.  E.  T.,  in  our 
January  number  of  this  year,  respecting 
the  baptismal  entries  of  the  children  of  the 
Hon.  Colonel  William  Herbert,  younger 
son  of  Thomas  8th  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
in  the  parish  register  of  Islington  :  we  are 
requested  to  state  that  the  marriage  of 
Colonel  Herbert  took  place,  first  at  Aix  la 
Chapelle,  and  secondly  at  St.  Pancras;  and 
his  pedigree,  together  with  that  of  his 
children  and  grandchildren,  is  enrolled  in 
the  College  of  Arms,  and  was  proved  be- 
fore aCommittee  of  Privileges  in  the  House 
of  Lords  on  the  12th  of  May,  1794. 

Mr.  George  Chalmers,  in  his  Caledonia, 
Tol.  i.  p.  463,  states  that  a  commission  was 
issued  in  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Fourth 
to  inquire  what  were  the  Arms  of  Ireland, 
and  that  the  return  was  that  her  arms  were 
three  crowm  in  pale.  Mr.  Chalmers  cited 
no  authority  for  this  statement.  It  was 
some  time  since  (June,  1845,  p.  606)  re- 
commended to  the  inquiry  of  our  heraldic 
readers.  Has  it  since  occurred  to  any  of 
them  ? 

We  are  requested  by  Mr.  R.  B. 
Wheler,  of  Stratford-upon-Avon,  to 
state  that  he  was  not  the  author  of  the 
letter  to  the  Birmingham  Journal,  which 
was  transferred  to  the  page  of  Minor  Cor- 
respondence in  our  last  Number.  We  are 
sorry  that  the  name  of  its  actual  writer 
docs  not  appear,  as  when  fdcts  are  stated, 
it  is  desirable  that  we  should  know  on 
whose  authority  they  are  given. 

T.  S.  inquires,  "  Is  your  Correspon- 
dent Mr.  Armistead  (p.  172),  correct 
when  he  says  that  Ralph  Thoresby  in  his 
Diary  frequently  speaks  of  his  *  niece  Ni- 
cholson ?'  '*  —  I  do  not  perceive  a  refe- 
rence to  any  such  passage  in  the  Index  to 
the  Diary.  Thoresby  was  in  some  way 
connected  with  Dr.  Nicholson,  a  physician 
at  York;  but  he  and  his  family  do  not 
appear  to  have  any  Thoresby  blood,  or  to 
be  the  people  of  whom  Mr.  Armistead 
speaks. 

A  Correspondent  who  inquires,  "  Who 
is  the  known  or  reputed  author  of  the 
Lounger* 8  Common  Place  Book;  a  work 
of  unequal  but  considerable  merit,  pub- 
lished some  forty  or  fifty  years  ago?"  is 
referred  to  our  Magazine  for  1846,  vol. 
XXV.  in  which  the  history  of  that  work 
was  discussed,  and  its  author  at  length 


ascertained  to  have  been  Jeremiah  Whit- 
aker  Newman,  esq.  Licentiate  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Physicians,  of  whom  a  memoir 
was  contributed  by  the  late  Dr.  Merriman 
to  the  next  volume,  at  p.  153. 

IVIr.  Urban, — 1  am  engaged  in  prepar- 
ing to  publish  a  second,  and  very  much 
enlarged  edition  of  my  Collections  for  the 
History  of  Boston,  &c.  in  the  county  of 
Lincoln,  and  should  be  obliged  by  any  of 
your  correspondents  giving  me  informa- 
tion, through  your  columns,  upon  the 
following  points : — 

Blomefield,  in  his  History  of  Norfolk, 
vol.  i.  has  a  long  account  of  the  fimily  of 
Holland  of  Lincolnshire,  whose  seat 
was  at  EsToviNo  Hall,  which  is  stated 
to  be  about  ten  miles  from  Bourne,  in 
the  county  of  Lincoln,  but  I  cannot  ob- 
tain any  information  from  gentlemen  of 
Bourne,  with  respect  to  the  locality  of 
this  seat  of  the  Hollands,  or  who  are  its 
present  possessors.  There  is  also  much 
uncertainty  respecting  the  place  called 
Drayton,  which  Dr.  Stukeley  men- 
tions as  the  "  Head  of  the  honour  of 
Richmond,"  (but  which  was  an  obscure 
village  when  the  Dr.  wrote)  and  which 
Blomefield  says,  was  within  the  lord- 
ship held  by  the  Hollands  of  Estoving  or 
Estoveninge.  Where  were  Estoving  Hall 
and  Drayton,  and  when  did  the  property 
pass  from  the  possession  of  the  Hollands, 
and  by  whom  is  that  family  now  repre- 
sented ? 

Again,  the  family  of  Kymb  formerly 
held  much  property  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Boston ;  they  were  supposed  to  be 
descendants  from  the  noble  family  of  that 
name,  formerly  residing  at  Kyme,  in  Lin- 
colnshire, but  which  (the  elder  branch) 
merged  into  that  of  UmfraviUe  Earl  of 
Angus,  by  the  marriage  of  Lucy  de  Kyme, 
heiress  of  Philip  de  Kyme,  with  Gilbert 
de  UmfraviUe,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  II. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  state  what  con- 
nection the  Kynies,  who  resided  near 
Boston  until  about  30  years  ago,  had  with 
the  ancient  family  of  Kyme  of  Kyme  ? 
Yours  &c.  PisBEY  Thompson. 
Page  95.  The  late  Capt.  T.  W.  Bnller 
was  not  a  son  of  James  Buller,  esq.  of 
Downes;  but  his  nephew,  being  the  son 
of  William  Buller,  esq.  by  his  cousin  Ca- 
roline Buller,  sister  of  General  Buller,  and 
aunt  of  Lady  Poltimore. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


THE  MASTERS  OF  THE  ROMAN  WORLD 
DURING  "  THE  HAPPIEST  YEARS  OF  THE  HUMAN  RACE.' 

Great  Csesar,  the  World's  Master,  and  his  own. 


The  HAPriEST  tears  or  the  human 
RACE  have  been  limited  by  historians 
to  the  brief  eighty  years  which  elapsed 
between  the  accession  of  Nerva,  the 
successor  of  Doniitian,  and  the  demise 
of  Marcus  Aurelius,  the  father  of  Com- 
modus.  I  question  whether  the  period 
designated  has  any  title  to  be  so  dis- 
tinguished. That  they  were  the  hap- 
piest years  for  Roman  Emperors  is  less 
questionable.  Five  of  these  in  suc- 
cession died  natural  deaths.  The  world 
had  never  witnessed  such  tranquil  im- 
perial felicity.  It  was  a  happiness, 
however,  more  apparent  than  real;  for 
each  of  the  five  was  harassed  by  public 
anxieties  or  tortured  by  domestic  trials, 
and  he  who  was  held  to  be  probably 
the  most  to  be  envied  of  the  poten- 
tates in  question — namely  Hadrian — 
attempted  toput  a  violent  end  to  his  own 
life,  and  cried  like  a  disappointed  child 
because  he  was  prevented. 

The  five  happy  Emperors  were 
Nerva,  Trajan,  Hadrian,  and  the  two 
Antonines — Antoninus  Pius  and  Mar- 
cus Aurelius.  The  average  of  each 
reign  was  sixteen  years, — ^no  proof  of 
imperial  excellence,  —  for  Tiberius 
reigned  twenty-three  years,  Nero  four- 
teen, and  Domitian  one  year  more. 
The  mild  and  gentle  Antoninus  Pius, 
and  the  impure  and  unrelenting  Ti- 
berius, each  reigned  during  the  same 
space  of  time — two  years  short  of  a 
quarter  of  a  century.  The  merit  of 
the  individual  had  clearly  nothing  to 
do  with  the  measure  of  time  during 
which  he  enjoyed  or  abused  greatness. 


Had  it  been  otherwise,  something  would 
have  been  taken  from  the  forty-four 
years  of  empire  of  Augustus,  and  some- 
thing  added  to  the  three  months  of 
that  of  Pertinax. 

One  of  the  great  merits  attributed 
to  the  aged  and  placid  Nerva  is  his 
modesty, — another,  his  self-denial.  He 
refused  all  proposals  to  erect  statues 
in  his  own  honour:  so  far  he  was 
modest.  He  melted  down  all  those  in 
gold  and  silver  which  had  been  raised 
to  the  glorification  of  Domitian  :  I 
should  require  to  know  what  he  did 
with  the  metal  before  I  could  un- 
qualifiedly subscribe  to  a  testimonial 
of  self-denial.  Nerva  was  old,  and 
too  often  the  vice  of  age  is  avarice. 
Whether  he  may  be  accepted  as  a  good 
witness  to  his  own  character,  I  leave 
to  others  to  determine.  I  will  only 
remark  that  he  was  the  first  Roman 
Emperor  of  foreign  extraction.  His 
father  was  a  -Cretan,  and  all  Cretans 
are  said  so  decidedly  to  have  been  liars 
that  we  may  doubt  whether  Nerva 
was  free  from  the  national  failing. 
Indeed  it  is  undeniable  that  he  was 
not.  His  courtesy  and  his  sobriety  are 
not  to  be  called  in  question.  It  is  dif- 
ferent with  his  claims  to  distinction  on 
the  score  of  veracity.  He  swore  by 
his  gods  that  while  he  governed  the 
Roman  world  no  senator  should  suffer 
violent  death ;  but  he  broke  his  vow 
as  often  as  the  rude  and  bloodthirsty 
Prsetorians  were  moved  by  revenge  or 
caprice  to  demand  a  victim  at  his  hands. 
There  was  no  security  for  noble  human 


228 


The  Masters  of  the  Romafi  World 


[March, 


life  in  this  the  first  diiwn  of  the  hap- 
piest period  of  the  race  of  man,  and 
without  such  security  mankind  cannot 
be  happy.  I  have  allowed  Ncrva  the 
virtue  of  modesty,  but  when  I  remem- 
ber that  he  insisted  on  being  addressed 
by  the  then  sacred  title  of  Lord,  I  am 
inclined  to  think  that  in  this  his  re- 
semblance to  Domitian  is  all  but  fatal 
to  the  claim.  The  national  gratitude, 
it  is  said,  made  of  him  a  god.  I  think 
the  national  priesthood  had  more  to  do 
therewith.  There  was  great  profit  to 
the  sacred  brotherhood  whenever  an 
imperial  apotheosis  was  suggested,  or 
supposed  to  be  suggested,  by  the  autho- 
rities upon  Olympus. 

The  deifying  of  heroic  men  has  de- 
scended from  the  heathen  to  the  Roman 
Catholic  mythology.  The  system  is 
modified  in  the  latter  to  suit  and  serve 
its  policy.  It  appears  to  have  had  its 
origin  among  the  Helleno-Pclasgians. 
These  were  of  eastern  derivation,  but 
we  are  unable  to  discover  any  but  the 
very  faintest  traces  of  such  a  custom 
among  the  eastern  nations  prior  to 
the  great  emigration  which  helped  to 
people  Greece.  AVe  all  know  that 
among  the  Egyptians  and  Syrians, 
and,  as  Colonel  Mure  informs  us  in  his 
"Critical  History  of  the  Language  and 
Literature  of  Ancient  Greece,"  among 
other  civilised  nations  to  the  eastward, 
"  unlimited  as  was  the  scope  given  to 
the  representation  of  the  deity  under 
human  type,  the  promotion  of  mortal 
man  to  the  rank  of  gods  was  altogether 
excluded,  or,  if  any  approach  to  such 
a  thing  can  be  recognised,  it  must  be 
considered  in  the  light  of  anomaly,  or 
violation  of  established  rule."  The 
practice  prevailed  among  the  Greeks, 
as  it  subsequently  did  with  the  Ro- 
mans— not  with  the  old  Etruscans,  how- 
ever, and  as  little  among  the  German 
and  Celtic  nations.  It  prevailed,  more- 
over, usually  in  monarchical  states, 
seldom  under  republican  forms  of  go- 
vernment. Colonel  Mure,  in  alluding 
to  this  fact,  says  that  it  '^  is  in  close 
harmony  with  the  law  of  nature,  to 
which  its  origin  has  been  traced.  It 
is  chiefly,"  he  adds,  "in  such  a  state  of 
society  that  individuals  are  enabled  to 
acquire  a  degree  of  power  or  influence 
over  their  fellow-men  on  earth  suf- 
ficient to  secure  them  a  corresponding 
homage  in  the  next  world."  That  the 
practice  was  carried  to  the  greatest 


excess  during  the  Empire  is  a  circum- 
stance which  has  often  been  subject  of 
remark  ;  and  yet,  as  the  accomplished 
author  whom  I  have  just  cited  acutely 
remarks,  that  period  was  one  "  which 
from  the  spread  of  knowledge  and  re- 
ligious scepticism  might  otherwise  have 
been  supposed  the  least  favourable  to 
such  extravagance."  It  is,  however, 
an  undoubted  fact,  that,  although  the 
motives  which  deified  many  of  the  im- 
perial, royal,  and  heroic  benefactors  of 
the  human  race  were,  in  earlier  times, 
one  and  the  same,  the  public  acqui- 
escence in  such  an  apotheosis  as  that 
of  Nerva  was  probably  as  little  ex- 
pected as  cared  for.  It  was  made  to 
serve  the  interests  not  of  religion  but 
of  the  priesthood,  a  community  which, 
in  Ncrva's  time  at  least,  never  thought 
of  deifying  virtue  that  was  in  combi- 
nation with  poverty.  The  priests  illus- 
trated the  line  penned  by  the  poet, 
who  says — 

Court  virtues  bear,  liko  gems,  the  highest  rAtc. 

Trajan,  the  successor  of  Nerva, 
witched,  like  Napoleon,  the  admiring 
world  of  his  day  with  the  excess  of  his 
military  glory.  It  is  observable,  and 
perhaps  instructive,  that  in  either  case 
the  glory  was  purchased  by  an  enor- 
mous sacrifice  of  blood, — and  proved  to 
be  worth  nothing  when  bought.  The 
foreign  expeditions  of  the  Romans 
were  as  profitless  to  Rome  as  the  Rus- 
sian expedition  of  the  Corsican  was  to 
France.  The  ascription  of  particular 
virtue  to  Trajan  appears  to  me  to  be 
as  great  a  mistake  as  claiming  for  him 
the  desolating  radiance  of  warlike  glory. 
It  was  the  fashion  of  the  servile  Senate 
a  century  after  his  death  to  express  to 
each  new  emperor  that  august  body's 
wish  that  he  might  be  even  "  happier 
than  Augustus  and  more  virtuous  than 
Trajan."  Some  historians  think  that 
in  this  wish,  whatever  false  homage 
there  might  be  to  the  living  sovereign, 
there  was  only  the  homage  of  truth 
paid  to  him  on  whose  dull  ear  flattery 
could  no  longer  fall  pleasantly.  They 
were,  however,  but  empty  words.  There 
had  been  emperors  happier  than  Au- 
gustus, and  more  than  one  not  lesa 
virtuous  than  Trajan.  He,  hero  as 
men  have  made  of  him,  was  a  slave  to 
the  most  unheroic  of  the  vices.  He 
was  an  immoderate  drinker,  and  would 
have  given  the  whole  contents  of  th^ 


1853.  J      dm'ing  thv  Huppieat  Yeat'^  of  the  Human  Race* 
^*  Marcitt  umta  "  for  a  mm\e  ffoblet —     tbc  uld  and  not  tri'iJi£?iou 


229 


**  Marcitt  ut/ita  "  for  a  single  goblet — 
uift  tluit   he  could  coiiGrio  liiniself  to 
Binylef^obletri,  of  guud  Faleiriian.    Nor 
was  this  bis  sole  weakness.     Vices  far 
more  hideous   cast  a  sbude  over  the 
ilovy  of  his  name,  and  a  cloud  over 
nid   menvory.      And   yet   he  was   not 
>  without  many  and  aooiul  virtues.     If 
lie  too  insisted  on  being  addressed  as 
"  Lord,"  bu  nuvertbuless  inscribed  the 
words  *'  public  palace  **  on  the  front  of 
his  residence^  rnjiking,  as  it  were,  na- 
.  tioual  property  of  the  editice  of  the 
Ctesura,      He  was^  moreover,  familiar 
with  all  men,  and  loved  especially  to 
dine   unceremoniously  with  a  friend, 
drinking  tleejjlyi  indeeO,  but  conversing 
with  the  sj)irit  born  of  sparklin»  in- 
fluencei     Tbei-ewii!>  not  an  old  floTdier 
in  ail  hia  host  whose  name  was  not 
known  to  him.    His  eonfidenee  in  man 
[  toohadsouielhing  in  ittbiitdistinguish- 
I  ed  hiin  from  most  of  his  predecessors. 
When  it  was   intimated  to  him  that 
,  Sura  was  conspiring  against  his  life, 
I  he  immediately  sent  for  Sura*s  barber, 
I  and  put  his  throat  at  the  mercy  of  that 
ti'euibllng  slave   by  ordering   him  to 
I  Bhave  tlie  Emperor*      It  certainly  was 
;  Hot  very  likely  that  perilous  advantage 
would   be  taken  of  the  oi>portunity» 
and   Trajnn   escaped,  as  be  also  did 
when  aubser^ucntly  he  subiiutted  to  be 
medically  treated  by  Sura's  doctor,  a 
i  much  more  dangerous  personage.    The 
i  coulidence  thus  exhibited  by  the  tso- 
Wcreign  was  carried  to  its  hei«^bt  by 
Lis  privately  bathing  with  Sura  himself 
I  Thia  was   the   usjual   method   of  ex- 
/hibiting  tiiist  in  the  honour  of  a  re- 
i  puied  enemy.    At  a  irmeb  later  period, 
m  France,  when  two  noble  foes  were 
accounted  of  as  ent^;rtaiuing  designs 
against  each  other*s  life,  it  was  their  cus  • 
torn,  if  they  were  desirous  of  pledging 
themselves  to  the  contrary,  to  sleep 
together  in   the  same  b-ed.      I  could 
never  lind,  however,  thtU  this  cere- 
mony bound  them  to  any  particular 
t  after-observation  of  honour ;  for  most 
I  of   these    gal  hint    princesr   courteous 
I  knight^   and    noble   gcutlemen,   who 
[  thus  slept  together  in  [peaceful  brother- 
hood, did  their  best  each  to  cut  his 
comrade's  throat  as  soon  as  they  were 
awake  again. 

There  arc  many  iDtimutious  m  the 

I  incidents  of  this  period  to  shew  that, 

bowever  Christiaoity  was  opposed  by 

tbe  goyemmeuti  the  prieatbood,  and 


tbc  old  and  not  irreligious  i>ci>iile  who 
eoiiscientiouly  thought  Jt  an  inexpres- 
sible wickedness  to  turn  suddenly 
from  the  well-known  Jigurcs  of  their 
gods  to  worship  the  One  invisible,  yet 
that  the  inlluences  of  Christianity  were 
working  strongly,  if  slowly,  even  upon 
the  Emperors  thomselves.  I  do  not 
know  how  to  ascribe  to  any  other  in- 
lluence  the  heterodoxy  of  Trajan  with 
regard  to  the  old  national  religion.  It 
was  his  standing  joke  that  they  who 
worshipped  dtillj  cold,  lifeless  marble 
were  but  idiots.  He  had  a  dreamy 
idea  that  abiding  life  was  to  be  won  at 
aiiotber  threshold  than  thnt  of  the 
legendary  Olympus  ;  and  he  sacriGced 
Ignatius  rather  for  political  tlian  for 
religious  reasons.  The  blood  shed  on 
Calvary  was  drop  by  drop  wearing 
away  the  very  rock  of  Paganism. 

The  vices  as  well  as  tbc  virtues  of 
the  next  Emperor,  Hadrian,  were  more 
marked  than  those  of  his  predecessor ; 
and  that  senator  was  not  far  wrong 
who  declared  his  ignorance  whether  to 
class  this  despot  among  gods  or  tyrants. 
Many  would  have  placed  him  ^unong 
fools,  for  surrendering  the  conquests 
made  by  Trajan  in  the  East,  but,  in 
simple  truths  there  was  no  merit  nor 
demerit  in  the  case.  He  merely  sur- 
rendered thnt  which  he  could  not  re- 
tain, and  resigned  himself  philosophi- 
cally to  jmrt  with  what  was  taken  from 
him,  let  Wiis  Hadrian  not  unheroic 
ill  his  deportment.  His  restless  ac- 
tivity makes  appear  little  the  energy 
of  other  commanders.  In  every  ex- 
treme of  climate,  amid  eternal  snows 
or  beneath  consuming  jsuns,  he  led  his 
men,  on  foot  and  bareheaded,  Tho^e 
Hiien  could  not  but  be  attached  to  it 
leader  who  sbaretl  in  all  their  fatijjuca, 
and  to  whom  the  name  of  every  soldier 
was  *^  familiar  as  a  household  word," 
Every  province  of  the  empire  was  ho- 
noured with  bis  presence,  and  the  limiti* 
and  content  of  bis  dominions  had  been 
examined  by  his  own  searching  gaze, 
A  i>ersonal  j:>eculiarity  connected  with 
him  is  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  he 
w*as  the  first  Roman  Emperor  who 
wore  a  long  beard.  All  fashions  of 
tbis  sort  adopted  by  the  Cmstirs  had 
their  foundations  in  vanity.  Hiul  any 
one  of  them  ever  been  troubled,  like 
Cicero  and  Cromwell,  with  warts  on 
the  face,  he  would  have  contrived 
soma  means  of  concealing  tbe  defect. 


230 


The  Masters  of  the  Roman  World 


[March, 


Hadrian,  who  cared  as  little  as  most 
great  men  for  mere  appearance,  was 
nevertheless  sorely  chafed  by  the  in- 
eradicable presence  of  warts  about  his 
throat.  Nature  and  fashion  at  once 
helped  him,  the  first  to  a  veil,  the 
second  to  make  the  example  of  wearing 
it  acceptable.  The  master  of  the  world 
left  unchecked  the  hirsute  honours  of 
his  chin ;  and  the  democratic- looking 
excrescences  of  the  neck  were  buried 
in  oblivion  behind  the  flowing  or  curled 
glories  of  his  well-oiled  and  aristo- 
cratic-looking beard.  He  was  un- 
doubtedly vain,  despite  some  appear- 
ances to  the  contrary ;  and  he  was  as 
curious  as  vain,  and  as  pedantic  as 
both  put  together.  In  many  things  he 
reminds  me  of  our  James  I.  He  was 
cruel  or  lenient,  not  upon  principle 
but  by  caprice.  He  spent  two  mil- 
lions and  a-half  sterling  on  the  cere- 
monies by  which  Verus  was  proclaimed 
Caesar,  and  he  bitterly  regretted  the 
outlay  after  the  pleasure  was  over. 
He  was  as  capricious  in  matters  of  re- 
ligion as  on  other  questions.  At  first 
he  was  exceedingly  disposed  to  enrol 
Christ  among  the  gods.  He  was  over- 
ruled by  the  Senate.  That  body  had 
probably  little  difficulty  in  thus  bending 
their  master  to  their  own  inclinations. 
However  this  may  be,  it  is  true  that 
he  raised  a  statue  of  Jupiter  on  the 
spot  where  Jesus  died,  erected  an  image 
of  Venus  on  the  holy  mount  of  Calvary, 
and  placed  a  figure  of  a  hog  above  the 

fates  of  the  new  city  of  iElia  built  by 
im  upon  the  ruins  of  Jerusalem,  tfe 
thus  outraged  the  feelings  both  of  Jew 
and  Christian  ;  but  to  this  man  of  un- 
clean life  such  outrage  was  but  as 
sport,  and  he  could  void  the  rheum  of 
his  contempt  upon  that  Saviour  to-day 
of  whom  he  had  offered  to  make  a 
god  and  sanction  His  worship  but  the 
day  before!  The  cowardly  spirit  of 
heathenism  was  pressing  heavily  upon 
him  when  he  endeavoured  to  escape  a 
little  pain  arising  from  trifling  illness 
by  suicide.  Force  and  not  persuasion 
restrained  him  from  committing  this 
worthless  self-sacrifice,  and  Hadrian 
died  of  dysentery  by  the  very  siinple 
process  which  kills  humbler  men.  The 
humble  men  of  his  own  day  affected  to 
deplore  the  loss  of  their  old  familiar 
friend.  He  was  the  only  Roman  Em- 
peror who  condescended  to  publicly 
bathe  with  the  common  people.    But 


the  condescension  may  perhaps  be 
traced  to  motives  less  creditable  to 
Hadrian  than  historians  would  be  dis- 
posed to  allow. 

There  is  an  anecdote  connected  with 
Hadrian  and  the  custom  of  bathing, 
from  which  rs  derived  the  i)roverbial 
saying  of  "  scraping  acquaintance :" 
the  Emperor,  entering  a  bath,  saw  an 
old  soldier  scraping  himself  with  a  tile. 
He  recognized  the  man  as  a  former 
comrade — his  memory  on  such  points 
never  failed  him — and,  pitying  his  con- 
dition that  he  had  nothmg  better  than 
a  tile  for  a  flesh-brush,  he  ordered  the 
veteran  to  be  presented  with  a  consi- 
derable sum  of  money,  and  a  costly 
set  of  bathing  garments.  Thereupon 
all  the  old  soldiers  of  the  imperial  army 
became  as  anxious  to  claim  fellowship 
with  the  Emperor  as  the  Kirkpatricks 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  are  proud- 
ly eager  to  establish  kinship  with  the 
Empress  of  the  French.  As  Hadrian 
entered  the  bath  the  day  aft^r  that  on 
which  he  had  rewarded  his  former 
comrade,  he  observed  dozens  of  old 
soldiers  scraping  themselves  with  tiles. 
He  understood  the  intent,  but  wittily 
evaded  it.  "  Scrape  one  another,  gen- 
tlemen," said  he,  "  you  will  not  scrape 
acquaintance  with  me." 

I  have  said  that  in  some  things 
Hadrian  reminds  me  of  James  I.  Va- 
nity, pedantry,  and  silly  curiosity  were 
common  to  both.  Both  monarchs,  too, 
were  fond  of  literary  pursuits,  and  the 
"Autobiography"  of  Hadrian  showed 
an  author  who  was  on  very  good  terms 
with  his  hero. 

Never  were  two  men  more  strongly 
contrasted  than  Hadrian  and  his  succes- 
sor Antoninus  Pius, — raised  to  great- 
ness by  the  well-directed  intrigues  of 
Plotina,  Hadrian's  wife.  The  first  of 
the  Antonines  was  a  home-keeping 
youth,  but  he  possessed  more  than 
homely  wit.  He  had  a  tranquil  incli- 
nation for  the  theatre,  and  an  inclina- 
tion little  more  lively  for  ladies*  smiles. 
To  gain  glory  in  the  tented  field  was 
an  end  he  would  not  exert  himself  to 
achieve ;  he  deemed  it  less  troublesome 
and  more  respectable  to  protect  the 
life  of  a  single  subject  than  to  slay  a 
hundred  enemies, — and  he  was  right. 
He  revered  his  own  Grods,  but  he  would 
neither  insult  the  Deity  of  the  Chris- 
tians, nor  persecute  the  Christians 
themselves.    During  nearly  a  quarter 


1853.]      during  the  Happiest  Yean  of  the  Human  Race. 


231 


of  a  century,  be  reigned  in  tranquil 
repose,  neyer  trayelling  further  than 
from  Rome  to  his  Lanuvian  villa,  and 
luxuriously  enjoying  the  happy  want 
of  incident  which  marked  his  reign. 
The  most  remarkable  was  his  bestowal 
of  his  daughter  Faustina  on  Marcus 
Aurelius, — a  gift  for  which  that  second 
of  the  Antonmes  was  far  more  grate- 
ful than  was  at  all  necessary  or  rea- 
sonable. 

Marcus  Aurelius,  like  many  of  our 
statesmen  of  the  present  day,  employed 
much  of  his  time  in  early  life  (he  was 
a  professed  stoic  at  twelve)  in  de- 
livering popular  lectures  to  mixed 
assemblies.  He  was  something  of  an 
itinerant  as  a  lecturer,  and  received 
welcome  and  applause  not  only  from 
audiences  of  Home  and  Greece,  but 
also  from  those  of  Asia  Minor.  In  other 
respects  Marcus  resembled  perhaps  our 
late  great  Duke.  He  detested  war, 
but  he  bore  himself  therein  like  a  hero, 
and  amid  the  loudest  tumult  of  the 
camp  could  pen  despatches  or  write 
treatises  that  should  charm  by  their 
eloquence  and  elegance  of  expression. 
His  weak  point  was  on  the  literary 
and  philosophical  side.  He  was  sur- 
rounded by  parasitical  pseudo-phi- 
losophers wnose  railing  against  wealth 
and  luxury  he  rewarded  by  rich  tri- 
butes of  the  money  they  did  not  despise. 
He  was  the  imperial  victim  of  a  huge 
organized  imposition ;  but  this  imposi- 
tion was  but  as  a  "  wart "  compared 
with  the  "  Ossa  "  of  the  deception  put 
upon  him  by  his  wife.  Faustina  had 
not  the  delicacy  even  of  Messalina. 
She  courted  a  shameless  notoriety, 
which  awoke  the  indignation  of  all 
good  men,  save  her  husband.  When 
the  consort  of  iElius  Verus  complained 
to  him  of  his  special  contempt  for 
her  and  his  infidelity  in  general,  the 
courteous  but  graceless  husband  ex- 
cused himself  by  saying,  "  Uxor  enim 
dignitatis  nomen  est,  non  voluptatis ;" 
an  apology,  by  the  way,  which  the 
Church  was  not  ashamed  to  make  for 
the  licentiousness  of  Louis  XIV.  and 
his  successor.  Marcus  Aurelius  had 
better  grounds  for  making  the  same 
plea  had  not  his  excess  of  civility  to- 
wards Faustina  been  an  insult  to  the 
dignity  of  a  wife.  Even  Galba  could 
say,  "  I  am  not  asleep  for  every  one." 
M!arcu8,  on  the  contrary,  was  sUrne 
blind  and  deaf  to  his  wiro*s  escapades^ 


and  to  the  complaints  to  which  they 
gave  rise.  The  gallant  and  com- 
plaisant Due  de  Longueville  selected 
lovers  for  his  Duchess.  The  Emperor 
Aurelius  would  have  found  it  too 
troublesome  to  have  done  as  nuich  for 
the  Empress,  but  his  kind  considera- 
tion was  not  far  short  of  it.  When  the 
lovers   were  chosen,   he    immediately 

Eromoted  them  to  important  offices  and 
igh  dignities;  and  when  these  ex- 
pressed their  gratitude  for  the  honours 
conferred,  the  simple  or  satirical  Mar- 
cus looked  solemnly  upwards  and 
thanked  Heaven  that  had  granted  him 
so  virtuous  a  woman  for  his  wife !  He 
seemed  almost  as  fond  as  Michel  Mon- 
taigne, who  said,  in  allusion  to  the  lady 
he  adored,  **  I  would  not  be  a  woman, 
for  then  I  could  not  love  her."  Faustina, 
on  the  other  hand,  might  have  ex- 
claimed with  Lady  Alary  Wortley 
Montague,  "  I  would  not  be  a  man,  for 
then  I  must  marry  a  woman !" 

Was  it  sarcasm  or  thoughtlessness 
that  induced  Marcus  Aurelius  to  compel 
the  senate  to  enrol  his  wife  among  the 
goddesses  ?  If  either,  what  a  guardian 
of  the  happiness  of  the  human  race  was 
this  Emperor,  who  raised  altars  for  the 
worship  of  this  dissolute  woman,  and 
ordered  attendance  before  her  shrine 
of  all  young  married  couples,  that  their 
union  might  be  made  prosperous  by 
the  sanction  and  blessing  of  this  in- 
carnate Venus  Pandemos  I 

This  Emperor  was  not  the  only  in- 
dividual of  nis  name  who  paid  extreme 
honours  to  the  memory  of  his  consort. 
"  The  affection  of  Aurelius  Marcus," 
says  a  paragraph  in  a  recent  number 
of  the  Chteshmd  Observer^ "  is  evinced 
by  a  stone  in  the  Norman  keep  at 
Newcastle,"  which  commemorates  his 
"  most  holy  wife,  who  lived  thirty -three 
years  without  a  stain."  Another  sor- 
rowing warrior  perpetuates  the  name 
of  "  his  incomparable  wife,  with  whom 
he  lived  twenty-seven  years  without 
having  had  a  single  squabble."  Paley, 
on  hearing  at  Auckland  Castle  of  a 
similar  connubial  phenomenon,  ex- 
claimed to  his  informant,  the  bishop's 
lady,  "Mighty  dull,  madam,  I  think  1" 

1  must  not  turn  from  this  portion 
of  my  subject  without  citing  a  case  to 
show  that  Christian  husbands  are  not 
to  be  accounted  as  behind  heathen 
mariti  in  readiness  to  lend  testimony 
to  the  departed  excellence  of  deceasd 


232 

wives.  In  Bath  Abbejr  Church,  Dr. 
Leyborne  gives  this  willing  evidence  to 
the  qualities  of  his  lady,  with  whom  he 
had  lived  in  agreeable  but  stagnant  quiet 
for  the  space  of  twenty -three  years. 
He  "  never  saw  her  once  ruffled  with 
anger,  or  heard  her  utter  even  a  peevish 
word ;  whether  pained  or  injured,  the 
same  good  woman;  in  whose  mouth 
and  in  whose  character  was  no  contra- 
diction. Resigned,  gentle,  courteous, 
affable;  without  passion,  though  not 
without  sense,  she  took  offence  as  little 
as  she  gave  it.  She  never  was,  or  made, 
an  enemy.  To  servants  mild,  to  rela- 
tions kind;  to  the  poor  a  friend — to 
the  stranger  hospitable.  Always  caring 
how  to  please  her  husband, — ^yet  not 
less  attentive  to  the  one  thins  needful. 
How  few  will  be  able  to  equal  what  all 
should  endeavour  to  imitate ! " 

"  These,"  as  Shylock  says,  "  be  your 
Christian  husbands!"  Dr.  Leyborne 
evidently  was  ungracious  enough  to 
think  that  he  had  drawn  the  only  prize 
in  the  connubial  lottery  of  the  last 
century.  His  epitaph  on  his  spouse  is 
a  blunt  encomium  on  one  woman,  and 
a  sharply-pointed  epigram  on  the  sex. 
In  point  of  good  taste  the  heathen  hus- 
bands "  beat  him  hollow." 

With  the  death  of  the  good-inten- 
tioned  but  guiltily-weak  Aurelius,  we 
arrive  at  the  limit  of  that  period  which, 
beginning  with  Nerva,  is  said  to  have 
been  most  productive  of  felicity  to 
mankind.  If  I  fail  to  discern  in  that 
period  the  claim  set  up  for  it,  I  more 
especially  fail  in  discovering  any  pecu- 
liar pretensions  in  this  last  Emperor 
to  be  considered  kqt  t^oxiju  the  bene- 
factor of  the  world.  If  "  he  who  al- 
lows oppression  shares  the  crime,"  the 
enlightened  monarch  who  lazily  per- 
mits vice  to  propagate  is  doubly  re- 
sponsible ;  responsible  for  his  own  act, 
and  equally  so  for  its  consequences, — 
consequences  that  may  comprise  a  con- 
catenation of  results  stretching  to  the 
very  "  crack  of  doom."  Marcus  Au- 
relius was  the  weak  husband  of  Faus- 
tina and  the  too  indulgent  father  of 
Comraodus.  In  wife  and  son  were 
witnessed  the  natural  results  of  such 
neglect  of  duty.  Women  ceased,  for 
a  time,  to  care  about  even  seeming  vir- 
tuous, and  society  generally  became 
disorganized.  The  Caesars  were  no 
longer,  for  somevears,  to  die  naturally 
in  Uieir  beds.  They  reached  and  lost 
1 


The  Masters  of  the  Roman  World 


[March, 


greatness  by  guilty  violence  :  like  the 
Kex  Nemorensis,  that  terrible  priest  of 
Diana,  at  "  Nemi,  by  the  lake,"  each 
now  held  his  place  by  tenure  of  the 
murder  of  his  predecessor,  and  was 
never  without  a  drawn  sword  to  pro- 
tect himself  from  his  aspirant  succes- 
sor. 

For  much  of  such  consequences  was 
the  second  Antonine  answerable ;  and 
yet  Pope  has  spoken  of  him  as 
The  wise  Aurelius,  in  whose  well-taught  mind 
With  boundless  power  unbounded  virtue  join'd, 
His  own  strict  judge,  and  patron  of  mankind. 

But,  then.  Pope  was  very  young  when 
he  made  the  assertion. 

Commodus  and  his  sister  Lucilla 
were  worthy  children  of  a  terrible 
mother ;  but  the  weight  of  their  crimes 
must  rest  partly  on  the  shoulders  of 
their  easy  father.  Commodus  was  the 
first  Emperor  distinguished  by  the  ap- 
pellation "  Porphyrogenitus,"  born  in 
the  purple,  that  is,  after  the  succession 
of  his  sire  to  the  throne.  Like  our 
Richard  the  Second,  he  would  have 
been  less  ill-endowed  had  he  been  more 
wisely  taught.  His  inexpressible  sa- 
vageness  of  disposition  did  not  spring 
into  action  until  his  sister  Lucilla  con- 
spired against  his  life,  nor  had  th.it  lady 
stooped  to  such  excess  of  crime  but  for 
the  instruction  of  her  husband  Verus, 
who  hoped  to  profit  by  it.  The  children 
of  Marcus  were  without  guiding  prin- 
ciple, and  they  were  more  tempted  than 
their  father,  without  having  his  indo- 
lence of  disposition,  by  virtue  of  which 
seduction  is  vain  and  insult  disregarded. 
From  the  moment  that  Commodus  or- 
dered Lucilla  to  be  slain,  he  for  the  first 
time  plunged  into  that  awful  excess 
which  has  made  him  at  once  execrable 
and  celebrated.  Every  whim  then 
assumed  the  guise  of  intense  passion  ; 
every  caprice  demanded  furiously  to 
be  gratified,  secured  gratification  at 
the  most  frightful  cost,  and  left  its 
victim  more  gloomy  and  unsatisfied 
than  before.  Blood  and  treasure  were 
squandered  to  secure  him  luxuries  that 
were  but  of  transitory  enjoyment,  and 
when  the  people  ventured  in  a  mass  to 
give  voice  to  their  corporate  indigna- 
tion, he  flung  to  them  the  heads  of  the 
agents  who  negotiated  for  him  his  ex- 
travagantly expensive  pleasures.  His 
stolidljrutishness,  as  a  boy,  makes  even 
the  "priffgism"  (if  I  may  be  allowed 
the  word;  of  young  Cyrus  endurable, 


1853,3       dtinng  ike  Happiest  Vear^  ofihc  Human  Rave. 


233 


if  not  attractive,  by  com  pari  sua.  Tlic 
child  was  fatber  to  tlic  man*  Of- 
ierice  then  stung  the  ill- trained  brute 
into  feftrful  activity ;  and  modesty, 
nnture^  the  tien  of  blood — these  were 
hubitually  violated  by  this  master  of 
the  world,  who  was  never  nuifiter  of 


veiy  extraordinary  woman;  bbauieleas 
as  Poiupadour,  devout  aa  La  Vallifere, 
and  a^  crafty  as  the  widow  of  Scarron 
when  jiiming  at  becoming  even  left- 
hand  ed  Qiieen  of  France.  RIarciu 
was  the  protectress  of  the  Christians, 
and  few   diipute  that  to  ber   inler- 


hiuiself.  AVben  he  descended  from  the     ference  was  owing,  in  a  worldly  sense, 


throne  to  appear  as  a  common  gladia- 
tor in  the  circus,  he  disgusted  the 
proud  Senate,  and  sm'y  much  terrilicd 
tbo  managers.  That  he  was  an  attrac- 
tive performer  will  be  readily  believed, 
but  he  demanded  and  received  8,000/. 
each  time  he  cAhibitedl  The  *' Roman 
Uercule.^,"  as  he  was  called  in  the  fancy 
tjlang  of  the  Amphitheatre,  mu>t  have 
ruined  any  manager  in  whose  arena  he 
displayed  bis  prowess*  lie  was  but  a 
counterfeit  Hercules  after  all ;  and  if 
he  fought  735  times  without  himself 
receiving  a  scratch,  it  was  beciuise  his 
advei'sary  wns  never  allowed  lo  wield 
anything  more  formidable  than  a  light 
leaden  aword,  while  imperial  ol!icers 
stood  by  to  ward  olF  it^  blows  in  case 
the  exasperated  barbarian  abould  be 
provoked  into  directing  it  beavily 
iigainst  the  sacred  head  of  Ctesar  Im- 

f)erator.  The  same  ollicials  were  power- 
eas  against  a  more  frail  yet  more  fatal 
assailant.  Marcla,  the  concubine  of 
Com  mod  u.'?,  having  cause  to  dread  that 
her  imperial  lover  was,  as  regarded  ber^ 
more  intent  upon  kdling  Iban  caress- 
ing, adminiatercdto  htm,  with  the  pret- 
tiest possible  smile,  a  bowl  of  poisoned 
wine-  While  the  son  of  Marcus  luy 
di'unk  :uiii  dyiijg,  a  vigorous  ynang 
gladiator  stepped  in,  avenged  all  the 
aUVontsoftbe  circus  by  rnpidly  strung- 
ling  bini,  and  so  Itt  the  imperial  great- 
ness fall  on  the  iistnuished  brow  of 
l\'rtinax  the  carpenter. 

I  hiive  noticed  Com  mod  uj^  for  the 
express  purpose  of  adding  a  brief 
mention  of  this  Marcio,  who  was  a 


that  Com  mod  us  visited  with  leniency  an 
increasing  community  wboni  his  father 
had|  as  Gibbon  intimates,  despised  as 
a  philosopher,  and  oome times  rigor- 
ously treated  aa  a  sovereign.  But 
ilurcia  did  more  than  this.  She  was 
the  first  woman  who  indirectly  made 
a  Pope.  How  this  came  about  is  ad- 
mi  raoly  told  in  that  singular  work  on 
"  IJijjpolyius  and  bis  Age,"  which  Che- 
valier Bunsen  has  so  recently  pub- 
lished.* To  that  work  I  refer  my 
readers  ;  but  will,  in  the  mean  time, 
aiibrd  them  some  idea  of  this  strange 
lady,  who  was  at  once  wife  to  a  Cap- 
tain of  the  Imperial  Guiirtl,  mistress 
to  the  Emperor,  and,  as  Hippolytus 
himself  avers,  ^tXti^tor,  "  God-loving," 
or,  in  other  words,  a  convert  to  tlie 
fuith  of  Christ,  While  she  exer- 
cised this  triple  vocation,  Victor  was 
Bishop  of  ilome.  There  was  iit  the 
same  time  in  the  city  a  Christian 
banker  named  Curpophorus,  who  had 
a  slippery  slave  for  a  derk,  called  Cal- 
listus.  The  hitler,  alLbough  profess- 
ing Christianity,  was  addicted  to  some 
very  pagan  pleasures,  in  pursuit  of 
which  he  did  what  many  professing 
Christian  clerks  have  done  in  modern 
times,  embedded  his  master*s  money. 
In  these  days  clerks,  when  their  fraud 
is  iliscovered,  sail  for  Byulogjn^  or  the 
United  States,  whence  thijy  ut^ually 
return  with  Mr.  Daniel  Forrester  or 
his  brother.  In  ancient  times  thete 
matters  were  mauiiped  after  much  the 
same  fashion.  Calhstus  hurried  down 
to  Portufl,  embarked  Uiere,  waa  de- 


•  The  cttriotti  reader  will  find  in  this  book  that  the  leaders  of  secU  in  Rome  prac- 
tised Iklesmerisin  in  order  to  work  triumphs.  That  Mesmerism  was  known  to  the 
Romaiii  it  beyond  dispute.  The  late  Mr.  Warburton,  in  his  **  Creacent  and  the 
Cro«i,"  cited  tbe  following  paaaage  from  the  Amphitrua  of  Plautus,  as  a  proof:— 

J/*rc«nW.— Quid  si  ego  iUam  trttciim  t«ngaro  ut  dormiat  ? 
Soiia, — Servavens,  nam  continuajs  haa  tres  noctes  pervigihivi* 

The  allusion  in  this  passage  was  known  long  before  Mr.  Warburton  ssuppasid  he  had 
dii€Overed  ami  corapreheadcd  it.     IVactim  iangere  ib,  in  oiher  words,  hniter  iracfare^ 
to  rub  loothiagly  iti  order  to  induce  slctp-     The  Romans  posseascd  a  class  of  people 
set  apart  for  this  very  purpoac,  nnd  called  irnctaioreM. 
Gekt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX.  ^  II 


i.JJ 


234 


Tfie  Gulistan,  or  Rose-Garden,  of  Sadi.  [March, 


laycd,  and  was  captured  by  Carpo- 
phorus,  who  had  gone  in  hot  pursuit. 
Callistus  plunged  overboard,  but  his 
master  recausht  him,  dragged  him 
home,  and  set  him  on  the  Roman  tread- 
mill to  dry.  After  some  time  the 
rogue  was  liberated,  on  condition  that 
he  should  exert  himself  to  raise  the 
money  which  he  had  stolen  and  squan- 
dered, and  which  in  truth  belonged  to 
individuals  to  whom  Carpophorus  was 
a  responsible  agent.  Callistus  went 
forth  upon  his  mission  upon  a  Satur- 
day. He  was  in  desperate  mood, 
entered  a  Jewish  synagogue,  created  a 
terrible  disturbance,  was  well  beaten 
by  the  congregation,  scourged  by  order 
of  the  Prefect  Fuscianus,  before  whose 
tribunal  he  was  taken,  and  was  finally 
transported  to  Sardinia. 

Not  very  long  after  this  catastrophe 
Marcia  had  induced  Bishop  or  Pope 
Victor  to  give  her  a  list  of  Christian 
prisoners  m  Sardinia,  for  whom  she 
promised  to  obtain,  and  did  actually 

fain,  the  boon  of  liberty  from  the 
Imperor  himself.  When  Hvacinthus, 
Eunuch  and  Christian  Presbyter,  ar- 
rived in  Sardinia  with  this  list,  Callistus 
found  that  his  name  was  omitted  as 
that  of  too  incorrigible  a  vagabond. 
He  contrived,  however,  to  be  included 
in  the  amnesty,  reappeared  in  the  ca- 
pital, to  the  mtense  disgust  of  Victor 
the  bishop,  but  so  ingratiated  himself 
with  Zephyrinus,  who  subsequently 
succeeded  to  the  tiara,  that  Zephyrinus 
made  of  the  swindling  clerk  a  bishop- 
coadjutor  to  keep  his  clergy  in  order  I 


Callistus  fooled  his  patron  '^  to  the  top 
of  his  bent."  It  was  the  easiest  thing 
imaginable ;  for  Zephyrinus,  says  Hip- 
polvtus,  "was  not  only  very  stupid 
ana  ignorant,  but,  loving  money  very 
much,  he  took  bribes."  He  gave  him- 
self up  to  Callistus  so  entirely  "  that 
Callistus  did  with  him  what  he  liked." 
This  rogue's  power  must  have  been 
equally  great  over  the  presbytery ;  for, 
on  the  (leath  of  Zephyrinus,  he  was,  to 
the  disgrace  of  Cnristianity,  actually 
elected  Bishop  of  Rome  I  He  was  cun- 
ning to  the  last.  There  were  half  a 
dozen  leaders  of  schisms  in  the  capital. 
Separately  and  in  private  he  affected 
to  agree  with  each,  but  he  did  his  ut- 
most, and  with  success,  to  exasperate 
all  against  each  other.  He  preached 
therewith  a  heresy  of  his  own,  and 
practised  worse  than  he  preached, — 
admitting  to  the  communion  of  the 
Church  men  who  were  grievous  of- 
fenders, declaring  bishops  to  be  above 
all  responsibility,  and  receiving  into 
orders  candidates  notoriously  unqua- 
lified. He  was  moreover  excessively 
indulgent  to  erring  ladies  of  rank,  and 
Marcia  herself  may  have  accepted  ab- 
solution at  the  hands  of  one  m  whom 
she  could  hardly  have  recognised  a 
trace  of  the  Apostolic  succession.  She 
may  have  not  less  reasonably  concluded 
that  the  happiest  years  of  the  human 
race  had  in  good  truth  passed  away — 
since  Commodus  was  at  the  head  of 
heathenism,  and  Callistus  at  the  helm 
of  Christendom. 

John  Doran. 


THE  GULISTAN,  OR  ROSE-GARDEN,  OF  SADI. 

The  Gulistan,  or  Rose-Garden,  of  Shekh  Muslehu'ddin  Sadi  of  Shirai.    Translated 
into  prose  and  verse  by  E.  B.  Eastwick,  F.R.S.  &c     (Hertford,  S.  Austin.) 


NO  Eastern  author  is  so  well  known 
by  name  in  Europe  as  Sadi,  and  several 
of  his  sayings  are  lloating  amongst  us 
with  sonictbing  of  proverbial  currency, 
though  many  who  use  them  may  not 
know  whose  they  originally  were.  Who 
of  us,  for  instance,  has  not  heard  of 
the  lines,  which  it  is  said  Mahmoud  IL 
repeated  after  the  taking  of  Constanti- 


nople, "The  spider  holds  the  veil  in 
the  pdace  of  Cssar,  and  the  owl  stands 
sentinel  in  the  watch-tower  of  Afra- 
siab ;"  or  the  graceful  apologues  of  the 
drop  of  rain  which  fell  into  the  ocean, 
or  the  piece  of  clay  which  gained  its 
perfume  from  association  with  the  rose  F 
And  yet  though  these  fhigments  of 
his  are  so  generally  known  and  their 


1853.] 


The  GuU^tan,  or  Rose-  Garden^  of  Sadu 


beauljr  recogniBed,  few  of  us  know 

more  of  their  origmal  author.  The 
names  of  his  chief  books  perhaps  are 
remembei'ecl,  but  tlie  works  themselves 
are  almost  entirely  neglected.  Tliis 
nesle<'t  may  partly  be  attributed  to  tlie 
dulocss  of  the  translations,  which  were 
hitherto  the  only  available  nietliuni 
of  eommunication  between  an  Enf^lish 

Sublic  and  the  old  ilerwish  of  Shiraz. 
Feithcr  the  uncouth  Latin  of  Gentius 
nor  the  dull  prose  of  our  English  irana* 
lators  had  mueh  chance  of  winning 
him  a  hearing  in  the  teeth  of  the  preju- 
dice against  Eastern  poutry,  in  which 
moat  of  ua  had  quietly  settled  our- 
selves ;  and  "the  Rose-Garden,"  which 
had  deservedly  won  its  author  such  a 
name  in  the  East,  remained  still  to  us 
a  name  and  nothing  more,  Mr.  Eaat- 
wick,  however^  in  the  graceful  volume 
before  us,  hau  at  last  removeil  this 
obstacle,  and  the  "Gulislan  "  come*!  to 
us  no  longer  disguised  and  travestied 
in  such  an  inappropriate  fashion — 

Que  le  moconD&itrnit  I'wll  niGmo  tie  ^oii  prre, 

but  ru4illy  bearing  the  unpress  of  the 
original,  and  giving  us  some  true  iilea 
of  ita  native  elegance  and  b-eauty. 


235 


The  work  is  translated  tn  prose  and 
verse,  and»  while  fidelity  to  the  original 
13  conatantly  kept  in  view,  we  have 
yet  good  sterling  prose,  and  very  oflea 
very  pretty  stanzas  to  vary  it.  The  get- 
tin  f^-uji  of  the  book  is  most  sumptuous, 
as  It  is  ornamented  with  sevenu  beau- 
tiful illustrations,  which  are  copied 
from  a  finely  illuminated  Persian  MS* 
It  would  be  an  interesting  subject  to 
compare  Persian  and  European  me* 
diteval  art  as  displayed  in  illuminating 
MSS. ;  the  pflrullel  would  bring  out 
some  curious  and  Btnking  differences, 
and  would  illustrate  sieveral  features 
of  their  respective  national  eharactetB. 
The  illuminatcil  border  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  tr  an  station  t  round 
the  customary  invorati»m  to  the  deity, 
is  very  rich  and  beautiful,  and  withal 
thoroughly  Peryian  in  its  tone.  The 
frontispiece  is  an  interesting  Eastern 
scene,  with  a  great  deal  of  character 
in  it;  the  prospect  of  the  rose-gardens 
through  tlie  open  window  is  a  true 
touch  of  Oriental  faney^ and  dull  would 
be  the  reader,  whether  born  in  Persia 
or  England,  to  whom  the  disttiut  view 
would  not  roeal  the  poet's  own  proud 
verses  (p,  19),^ — 


What  use  to  thee  thut  flower- vase  of  thine  ? 

Thou  wouUrat  have  rosedcavcSf^take  then  rather  mioe  ; 

Those  roses  hut  five  daya  or  six  will  hlooni, — 

This  garden  ne'er  will  yield  to  winter^s  gloom« 


Re  may  a<ld  here  that  this  volume 

_   Jf  of  a  series  of  Orienlnl  texts  and 

tn^mtions  which  have  lately  issued 

from  the  press  of  Mr.  Stephen  Austin 

f  Hertford,  who  has  ilistinguishetl  him- 

ftlf  as  the  most  enterprisfing  of  all  our 

)riental  publishers* 

8adi  flourished  during  the  thirteenth 
century  of  our  era,  and,  from  the  scanty 
notices  of  him  which  have  come  to  us 
from  his  con  tern  jioraries,  he  seems  to 
have  been  one  of  those  cheerful,  healthy 
souls,  such  fls  Uftbelais  loves  to  portray, 
who,  strong  in  their  native  Panta- 
grutiUsm,  (that  "  certaine  gayet*.'  d'es- 
perit  con  fie  te  en  mespris  das  c  hoses 
rortuites,")  present  au  un da UJited  front 
to  Jill  the  illii  of  fort unC:,  and  fight  their 
way  through  all  dangers  and  difUcul ties, 
like  Codes  in  the  Tiber — 

bravely  borne  up 

By  the  brave  heart  within. 
He  travelled  much  and  endured  much; 


for  in  those  days  he  w!m  would  wander 
fortlj  to  see  the  world  had  to  hiy  his 
account  to  racket  f>eril  and  toil :  the 
deep  and  the  desert  had  their  sepa- 
rate dangers,  and  the  daily  excitement 
of  adventure  braced  the  wayfarer's 
energies  like  mountain  Jiir.  Wherever 
Sadi  went,  he  would  live ;  life  to  him 
was  all  a  talc  of  wonder  and  delight, 
and  he  never  seemed  to  lose  his  keen 
relish  for  its  novelties.  For  ninety — 
nay,  it  is  even  said  for  a  hundred — 
years,  that  wondrous  story  unfolded  it' 
self  to  him.  But,  as  age  crept  on,  we 
see  no  signs  of  npathy  or  decrepitude 
in  his  mind  ;  and  the  **  Hose  Garden,** 
which  was  probaldy  one  of  his  latest 
workii^  U  even  more  full  ofgenia!  waxinth 
and  brave  content  than  any.  It  is  full 
of  the  old  man's  recollections  of  Ha 
youth,  and  its  long  panorama  of  new 
scenes  and  companions  ;  for  full  thirty 
years  of  travel,  it  is  said,  rose  on  the 


The  GuUstan,  or  Rose- Garden,  of  Sadu 


236 


dervish's  memory  as  he  looked  back 
on  life's  track  behind  him,  and  every- 
where he  had  carried  with  him  a  keen 
eye  to  discern  nature  and  human  cha- 
racter. "Long,"  he  tells  us  in  the 
Bostan,  "  have  I  wandered  in  the  va- 
rious regions  of  the  earth,  and  every- 
where I  have  spent  my  days  with 
everybody.  I  have  found  a  gain  in 
every  corner,  and  gleaned  an  ear  from 
every  harvest."  Thus  he  tells  us  in 
one  place  how  he  became  a  devotee  in 
the  temple  of  Somnath,  lured  by  the 
apparent  sanctity  of  the  priests,  until 
one  day  he  discovered  the  frauds  by 
which  they  imposed  on  the  people  ;  in 
another  we  have  an  account  of  his  ad- 
venture with  the  Crusaders,  who  took 
him  prisoner  and  made  him  work  in 
the  fortifications  of  Tripolis.  It  is  a 
strange  and  melancholy  reflection  to 
think  how  little  Sadi  could  have  seen 
in  his  occasional  intercourse  with  Chris- 
tians, which  could  have  done  aught 
but  increase  his  natural  prejudices 
against  them.  His  wandermgs  were 
chiefly  confined  to  the  Mohammadan 
or  Indian  world,  but,  even  if  he  crossed 
into  Christendom,  what  was  there  to 
meet  his  eye  but  darkness  and  super- 
stition ?  Mr.  Eastwick,  in  his  interest- 
ing preface,  states  that  he  seems  to 
have  travelled  in  Europe,  Barbary, 
Abyssinia,  Egypt,  Syria,  Palestine, 
Armenia,  Asia  Minor,  Arabia,  Persia, 
Tartary,  Affghanistan,  and  India.  The 
latter  years  of  his  long  life  were  spent 
in  retirement,  and  he  died  a.h.  690, 
and  his  tomb  is  still  shown  to  the  tra- 
veller at  Shiraz,  not  far,  if  wc  remem- 
ber aright,  from  that  of  his  native 
city's  other  illustrious  son — the  poet 
Hafiz. 

All  Sadi's  works  are  distinguished 
by  their  extreme  elegance  of  style.  In 
his  "  Gulistan,"  especially,  we  have  the 
Persian  language  m  its  perfection;  and 
the  unrivafied  sweetness  of  the  Per- 
sian itself  is  tempered  and  varied  by  a 
very  copious  use  of  Arabic.  Sadi's 
mind  delighted  in  new  turns  of  thought 
and  expression, and  in  the  "Gulistan" 
we  have  all  these  in  profusion;  and 
though  much  may  seem  extravagant 
or  wild  to  our  more  chastened  taste, 
there  is  still  that  ceaseless  vivacity  of 


[March, 


spurit,  and  ease  of  language,  wkich 
always  lure  us  on  and  interest  us  :  be- 
sides the  continual  flow  of  autobio- 
graphical or  historical  anecdote  which 
forms  the  staple  of  the  work. 

The  book  consists  of  ei^ht  chapters : 
1.  On  the  Manners  of  Kings.  2.  On 
the  Qualities  of  Der wishes.  3.  On  the 
Excellence  of  Contentment.  4.  On  the 
Advantages  of  Taciturnity.  5.  On 
Love  and  Youth.  6.  On  Decrepitude 
and  Old  Age.  7.  On  the  Effect  of 
Education.  8.  On  the  Duties  of  So- 
ciety. In  each  we  have  a  long  series 
of  anecdotes,  strung,  like  so  many 
beads,  on  the  thread  of  their  common 
relation  to  the  subject  of  the  chapter, 
and  interspersed  with  various  distichs 
and  tetrastichs  of  Sadi's  own  poetry. . 
The  stories,  of  course,  are  of  various 
kinds,  and  as  various  degrees  of  merit ; 
but  each  has  its  portion  of  that  grace- 
ful ease,  which  we  havementionedas  the 
peculiar  characteristic  of  our  author ; 
and  his  distichs  continually  have  all  the 
condensed  wisdom  and  point  of  pro- 
verbs. Many  of  his  moral  observa- 
tions are  full  of  depth  and  beauty,  and, 
we  doubt  not,  many  an  English  reader 
will  be  greatly  struck  with  the  gran- 
deur of  some  of  the  ideas  in  his  open- 
ing address  to  the  Deity.  AVe  extract 
the  following  very  fine  apologue,  by 
which  he  illustrates  the  impossibility 
of  God's  perfections  being  worthily  set 
forth  by  mortal  tongue,  and  shows  us 
how,  after  all,  we  must  leave  it  to 
"expressive  silence"  to  "muse  his 
praise."  * 

A  devout  personage  had  bowed  his  head 
on  the  breast  of  contemplatioD,  and  was 
immersed  in  the  ocean  of  the  divine  pre- 
sence. When  he  came  back  to  himself 
from  that  state,  one  of  his  companions 
sportively  asked  him,  "  From  that  flower- 
garden  where  thou  hast  been,  what  mi- 
raculous gift  hast  thou  brought  for  us? '' 
He  replied,  **  I  intended  to  (ill  my  lap  as 
soon  as  I  should  reach  the  rose-trees,  and 
bring  presents  for  my  companions;  but 
when  I  arrived  there,  the  fragrance  of  the 
roses  80  intoxicated  me  that  the  skirt  of 
my  robe  slipped  from  my  hand.'' 

Sadi  then  adds  some  very  beautiful 
lines,  which  Mr.  Eastwick  has  been 
singularly  happy  in  translating  : 


*  Comp.  Psalm  65,  1.    **  Praise  u  tilent  for  thee,  O  God,  in  Zion.' 


Tk^  Dead,  as  thscribed  bi/  Homer* 


237 


1 85a] 

O  loftier  than  aU  thought, 
Coiicscpdoii,  fsiney,  or  surmifte  f 

All  vainly  thou  art  sought^ 
Too'  high  for  feeble  man's  emprUe* 

Past  is  our  festive  day, 
And  reached  at  length  life's  ktest  span ; 

Thy  dues  arfl  yet  to  pay, 
The  firstlings  of  thy  pmise  hy  man. 

We  give  die  following  aa  specimens 
of  the  stories  in  the  main  hody  of  the 
work  : 

A  certain  King  of  Persia  had  a  very 
prfciouB  stone  iu  a  ring.  One  day  he 
went  out  with  some  of  his  favourite  cour- 
tiers to  amufte  himself,  to  the  mosque, 
ue&r  Shtraz,  called  Mufialla,  ^lad  com- 
manded that  they  should  suspend  the  ring 
over  the  dome  of  Azad|  saying  that  the 
ring  should  be  the  property  of  him  who 
could  send  an  arrow  through  it.  It  so 
befell  that  four  hundred  arehers,  who  plied 
Itieir  bows  in  hin  service^  shot  at  the  ring^ 
and  all  mi$sed»     But  a  strlpliag  at  play 

Ah  me  E  when  in  tbe  garden  freihly  green i 
UpspraDg  the  verdure,  bow  my  heart  was  gay  I 
Wait,  friend  !  till  spring,  renadcent,  tints  the  Bcene, 
And  mark  young  rose-buda  bloBSOm  from  my  clay. 

This  touching  epitaph  reminds  us  of  some  lines  of  Sadi's  fellow-citizen,  Hsikfiz, 
on  a  iiiinilar  subject : 

'Tis  the  seft£on  of  spriog,  aed  the  rose  and  red  tulip 
Rise  up  from  the  dust,  hut  Ihau  sinkest  Into  it. 
Oh,  1  will  stand  over  thy  grave  like  a  cloud,  and  weep 
Till  like  a  young  cypress  even  thou  rijsest  too  I 

We  cannot  conclude  better  than  w  itb 


was  flhootiDg  arrows  at  random  from  a 
monasteryt  when  the  morning  breeze  car- 
ried his  shaft  through  the  circle  of  the 
riug.  They  bestowed  the  ring  upon  him, 
and  loaded  him  with  gifts  beyond  calcu- 
lation. The  boy,  after  this,  burned  his 
bow  and  arrows.  They  asked  himi  why  he 
did  Bo»  He  replied,  "  That  my  first  glory 
may  remain  unchanged/' 

The  next  seems  to  na  full  of  quiet 
pathos^  and  reminds  na  of  poor  Iveuts's 
dying  words,  tbjit  he  now  felt  the 
violets  growing  over  him  i 

A  certala  great  man  liad  au  amiahle  aon, 
who  died.  They  asked  the  father  whnt 
they  should  write  on  his  gravestone.  He 
replied,  *•  The  verses  of  the  Holy  Book  arc 
too  venerable  and  sacred  to  be  written  on 
such  places^  where  they  may  be  effaced 
by  the  weather  and  the  trampling  of  men's 
feet,  and  desecrated  by  dogs.  If  ye  must 
write  Bometbiug,  these  two  couplets  will 
auflSce : 


the  following  story  from  the  chnpttn* 
on  **  The  Manners  of  Kings/'  All  must 
feel  ita  deep  truth  and  sigiiidcancc,  for 
what  has  moat  history  been  but  a  com- 
mentary thereon  ? 

They  relate  that  once,  during  a  bunting 
expedition,  they  were  preparing  for  Nush- 
irvan  the  Just  some  game,  as  ruast  meat. 


There  was  no  salt,  and  they  dispatched  a 
slave  to  a  village  to  bring  some.  Nush- 
irvan  said,  '*  Pay  for  the  salt  you  take,  in 
order  that  it  may  not  become  a  custom, 
and  the  village  be  ruined/'  They  said, 
"  What  harm  will  this  little  quantity  do  ?'^ 
He  replied,  "  The  origin  of  injustice  in  the 
world  was  at  tirst  small,  but  every  one 
that  came  added  to  it,  viutil  it  reached  this 
present  magnitude." 


THE  DEAD,  AS  DESCRIBED  BY  HOMER: 

Collected  from  Dr.  Jortin' s  Sixth  Dissertation.    With  some  Remarks  on  the 
several  passnges^ 


THE  subject  of  the  condition  of  the 
human  soul  after  death  forms  with  us 
a  part  of  the  domain  of  religion ;  and 
it  la  very  rarely  that  theology  jierinits 
the  intrusion  ofpoetry  within  the  limilB 
which  she  calls  lier  own.  Among  the 
Greeks,  the  poets  were  the  oldest  and 
most  acc^ptetl  theologians,     it  was  the 


opiuiou  of  Herodotus,  that  the  objects 
of  Greek  worship  owed  their  forms  and 
tbcir  very  names  to  Homer  imd  Hesiod, 
"  These  were  they  {he  says)  who  made 
the  Greeks  a  llieogony,  and  gave 
names  to  the  gods,  distinguished  3ieir 
honours  and  occupations,  and  deter- 
mined their  forma.   *    The  state  of  the 


^  Herodotus,  11,  53, 


The  Deady  as  described  hy  Homer. 


238 

disembodied  spirit  in  that  future  world 
to  which  manKind  instinctively  looks 
forward,  though  with  shrinking  and 
half-averted  gaze,  was  a  subject  which 
could  not  but  exercise  a  mysterious 
influence  upon  the  imagination  of  men 
who  were  looked  upon  not  only  as 
poets  but  as  seers,  and  upon  whose 
rhapsodies  their  countrymen  depended 
for  all  their  notions  upon  the  most 
mysterious  and  important  matters.  The 
subject  was  an  attractive  one,  not  only 
as  presenting  a  wide  and  suggestive 
field  to  the  imagination,  but  also  as 
involving  questions  in  the  solution  of 
which  every  human  being  was  person- 
ally and  vitally  interested.  In  what 
way  did  the  Greek  poets  satisfy  the 
cravings  of  their  countrymen  for  mfor- 
mation  concerning  the  spiritual  world  ? 
We  have  thought  it  would  not  be  un- 
interesting, taking  Dr.  Jortin*s  Disser- 
tation for  our  text,  to  collect  some 
passages  from  ancient  writers  upon 
this  topic. 

I. 
The  Soul  of  Man,  separated  from  the 
body,  18  material,  or  clothed  with  a  ma- 
terial coveriDg  or  vehicle,  but  of  so  thin 
a  contexture  that  it  cannot  be  felt  or 
handled ;  it  resembles  a  shadow  or  a 
dream. — (Dissert,  p.  216.) 

This  was  the  ancient  Pythagorean 
and  Platonic  philosophy :  rriv  f^iifripav 
^Xh^  ^^^'  M^'^  (Tfl^fui  KarciKfi^fiv^  oh 
ndvrrf  5e  ?f  o)  a&fiaTos  tataOav  our  sold, 
though  it  leave  this  body,  yet  shall  never 
be  dvmnited from  all  body.  (See  Cud- 
worth's  Intell.  System,  i'i.  784.)  This 
future  body  was  supposed  to  be  a  sort 
of  airy  or  vapourous  body,  (7o)/xa 
avyofdies,  ovpduiop,  al0€pioVt  a  luciform, 
celestial,  etherial  body.  The  Rabbins 
also  ascribe  to  the  soul,  after  its  sepa- 
ration from  the  present  body,  anotner 
subtile  one,  which  they  call  the  scab' 
bard  of  the  soid.  This  is  all  agreeable 
to  the  Christian  doctrine.  St.  Paul 
says,  there  is  the  o&fia  yjrvxi'K^v,  a 
natural  or  animal  body,  and  the  o&fia 
irv€VfjMTuc6u,  a  spiritual  body;  (1  Cor. 
XV.)  and  the  same  thing  is  implied  in 
other  passages  of  Scripture.  (See  Dan. 
xii.  23.  Wisdom,  iii.  7.) 

II. 
It  retains  the  lineaments  of  the  man, 
and  appears  in  the  same  dress  that  the 
man    wore    in    his  lifetime.  —  (Dissert, 
p.  217.) 


[March, 


In  proof  of  this  Dr.  Jortin  cites  a 
passage  from   the  eleventh   Odyssey, 
but  tnere  is  one  in  the  twenty-third 
Dias  singularly  apposite. 
'HX^€  ht  rjTi  ^vxT)  TiarpoKKrios  bfCKoio 
YlduT  avra,  k.  r.  X. — (Line  65.) 
^Vllen,  lo  !  the  shade,  before  hla  closing  eyes, 
Of  sad  Patroclas  rose,  or  seem'd  to  rise ; 
In  the  same  robe  he  living  wore  he  came, 
In  stature,  voice,  and  pleasing  look  the  same. 
(Pope.) 

Jeremias  is  described  when  he  appeared 
to  Judas  as  "  a  man  with  grey  hairs 
and  excellent  majesty."  (2  Maccab. 
XV.  13.)  The  belief  has  been  univer- 
sal ;  so  the  ghost  in  "  Hamlet." 

Maecxllus. 
Look  where  it  comes  again. 

BKBMAmDO. 

In  the  namefigurt^  Ulx  the  King  that*t  dead. 

HomATio. 
Such  was  .the  very  armour  he  had  on 
When  he  th'ambitious  Norway  combated  : 
aofrowrCdheonce    .    .    . 

And  of  his  beard, 

It  was  a*  I  have  seen  it  in  his  U/Oime, 
A  sable,  silver'd. 

It  is  obvious  to  observe  that  a  spirit's 
assuming  the  likeness  of  its  former 
bodily  shape  seems  a  necessary  conse- 
quence of  Its  appearing  at  all. 

in. 
It    retains    the    passions,    affections, 
sentiments,  and  dispositions  that  it  had  in 
the  body.— (Dissert,  p.  218.) 

There  is  a  fine  passage  in  the  eleventh 
Odyssey  illustrative  of  the  above,  where 
the  shade  of  Achilles  exults  on  hearing 
of  his  son*s  military  glory, 

— ^  ^vx^i  5« 
^oira,  iMKph  Pipaoa,   kot    atnpo^fkov 

\(ipM>va, 
TyOoovvT),  o  oi  vlov  €<fn)v  dpibtiKerov  ilvas. 
(L.  537.) 

The  shade  with  transport  glow'd. 

Rose  in  his  majesty  and  nobler  trod. — (Pope.) 

That  the  same  affections  and  senti- 
ments are  continued  in  another  state, 
was  taught  by  our  Saviour  in  the  story 
of  Dives  and  Lazarus ;  for,  although  it 
should  only  be  regarded  as  a  parable, 
it  still  necessarily  shadowed  forth  the 
true  state  of  things. 

IV. 

Although  it  cannot  be  handled,  it  may 
be  seen  and  heard,  and  it  can  converse  with 
other  shades,  and  with  men. — (Dissert, 
p.  218.) 

The  spirit,  however,  could  only  re- 


1853.] 


The  Deadf  as  described  by  Homer, 


appear  during  the  interval  between 
death  and  the  rites  of  sepulture,  in  the 
hundred  years  in  which  the  unburied 
wandered  on  the  banks  of  the  Styx. 
Thus  Patroclus, 
Odirrc    /li€    ottl   rdxio-Ta    irvXas   dtSao 

TTtprja'ci). 
TrjXf  /x€  €Xpyov(Ti  ylrvxai.     k.  t.  X. 

(II.  xxiii.  71.) 
Which   Pope  translates,   somewhat 
paraphrastically, 

Let  my  pale  corse  the  rites  of  burial  know, 
And  give  me  entrance  to  the  realms  below  : 
Till  then  the  spirit  finds  no  resting  place ; 
But  here  and  there  th'unburied  spectres  chase 
The  vagrant  dead  around  the  dark  abode, 
Fated  to  cross  th'irremeable  flood, 
Now  give  thy  hand ;  for  to  the  farther  shore 
When  once  we  pass  the  soul  returns  no  more. 
When  once  the  last  funereal  flames  ascend, 
No  more  shall  meet  Achilles  and  his  friend. 

V. 

It  may  be  raised  with  proper  sacrifices 
and  evocations,  by  permission  of  the  deities 
who  preside  over  the  dead.  But  it  is  a 
dangerous  thing  to  have  recourse  to  these 
methods ;  for,  if  those  surly  gods  should  be 
offended,  they  may  send  a  Gorgon,  a  formi- 
dable monster,  to  terrify,  and  perhaps  de- 
stroy the  bold  adventurer.  —  (Dissert. 
p.  2180 

The  subject  of  necromancy  is  curi- 
ous. It  was  practised  before  tlie  time 
of  Moses :  for  one  of  his  laws  is  di- 
rected against  it.  There  shall  not  he 
found  among  you — a  charmer^  or  a 
consulter  with  fajniliar  spirits,  or  a 
wizard,  or  a  necrontajicer.  (Deut.  xviii. 
10.)  Diodorus  Siculus  mentions  an 
oracle  near  Lake  Avernus,  where  the 
dead  were  raised,  as  having  been  in 
existence  before  the  age  of  Hercules. 
(Liv.  iv.  c.  22.)  Plutarch,  in  his  life 
of  Cimon,  relates  that  Pausanias,  in  his 
distress,  applied  to  the  Psychagogi  or 
Dead-evokers,  at  Heraclea,  to  caU  up  the 
spirit  of  Cleonice  (whose  inj  ured  appari- 
tion haunted  him  incessantly),  in  order 
that  he  might  entreat  her  forgiveness. 
She  appeared  accordingly,  and  mformed 
him  that,  on  his  return  to  Sparta,  he 
would  be  delivered  from  all  his  sorrows ; 
meaning  by  death.  This  was  five  hun- 
dred years  before  Christ ;  and  the  story 
resembles  that  of  the  apparition  of  Sa- 
muel—  To-  morrow  shall  thou  and  thy  sons 
be  with  me.  ( 1  Sam.  xxviii.)  The  appear- 
ance of  Samuel  was  regarded  as  a  real 
transaction  by  the  author  of  Ecclesi- 
asticus,  for  he  says,  "  By  his  faithful- 
ness he  was  found  a  true  prophet,  and 


289 


by  his  word  he  was  known  to  be  faith- 
ful in  vision ;  for  after  his  death  he 
showed  the  king  his  end,  and  lifl  up 
his  voice  from  the  earth  in  prophecy. 
(Eccles.  xlvi.)  The  Rabbins  say  that 
the  woman  was  the  mother  of  Abner ; 
she  is  said  to  have  had  the  spirit  of  Ob, 
which.  Dean  Milman  has  remarked,  is 
singularly  similar  in  sound  to  the  name 
of  the  Obeah  women  in  the  West 
Indies.  Herodotus  also  mentions 
Thesprotia  in  Epirus,  as  the  place 
where  Periander  evoked  the  spirit  of 
his  wife  Melissa,  whom  he  had  mur- 
dered.    (Lib.  V.  c.  92.) 

It  was  a  very  general  opinion  that 
daemons  had  power  over  the  souls  of 
the  dead,  untd  Christ  descended  into 
Hades,  and  delivered  them  from  the 
thrall  of  the  Prince  of  Darkness.  The 
dead  were  sometimes  raised  by  those 
who  did  not  possess  a  familiar  spirit. 
These  consulters  repaired  to  the  grave 
at  ni^ht,  and  there  lying  down  repeated 
certam  words  in  a  low  muttering  tone, 
and  the  spirit  thus  summoned  ap- 
peared :  "  And  thou  shalt  be  brougnt 
down,  and  shalt  speak  out  of  the 
ground,  and  thy  speech  shall  be  low 
out  of  the  dust,  and  thy  voice  shall  be 
as  one  that  hath  a  familiar  spirit,  out 
of  the  ground,  and  thy  speech  shall 
whisper  out  of  the  dust.  (Isaiah  xxix. 
4.  See  also  Id.  viii.  19.)  Euripides 
refers  also  to  necromancy. 

Admetus. 
opa  y(  fiT}  Ti  (JMo-fia  vcpreptop  T<Jd'  jj ; 

Hercules. 
ov  y^v)^ay(ayhv  TcJvd*  €iroirj<ra  ^vov, 

(Alcestis,  1127.) 

Ad.—  See !  is  not  this  some  spectre  from  the  dead  ? 
Hx&.— No  dead-invoker  for  thy  guest  hast  thou. 

Seneca  describes  the  spirits  of  the 
dead  as  being  evoked  by  the  Psycha- 
gogos  in  a  cave,  rendered  gloomy  and 
as  dark  as  night  by  the  cypress,  laurel, 
and  other  like  trees.  ((Ed.  Act  m. 
530.)  The  passage  will  recall  to  the 
recollection  tne  incantafion  scene  in 
"  Macbeth,"  where  the  apparition  of 
the  armed  head,  &c.  is  evoked  in  a  dark 
cave,  with  characteristic  ceremonies. 
(Act  IV.  sc.  L)  Claudian  refers  to  the 
same  superstition.  (See  Rufin.  i.  155.) 
And  Lucan  (Phars.  vi.  670),  where 
Erictho  recalls  a  spirit  to  animate  the 
body  it  had  lefl,  by  horrid  ceremonies, 
much  in  accordance  with  the  taste  of 
that  writer.    So  TibuUus, 


240 


The  Deady  as  descHhed  by  Homer. 


[March, 


Haec  cantu  flnditqae  solum,  manesquc  sepulchris 
Elicit,  et  tepido  devocat  ossa  toro. 

(Lib.  I.  El.  ii.  45.) 

A  good  account  of  necromancy  may 
be  found  in  the  learned  and  curious 
work  of  L.  Ch.  Frid.  Garmannus, 
"  De  Miraculis  Mortuorum ;"  see  the 
tenth  chapter  of  the  Second  Book,  which 
treats  De  Spectris  Cadaverum,  He  also 
speaks  of  another  kind  of  invocation, 
that  of  calling  back  to  their  own 
country  the  souls  of  those  who  died 
abroad.  He  says  that  the  dead  were 
also  sometimes  mvoked,  that  the  sur- 
viving relatives  might  be  assured  of 
their  still  living  in  the  other  world. 
Julian  the  Apostate  secretly  practised 
this  art,  in  a  retired  part  of  his  palace, 
cutting  up  for  the  purpose  the  bodies 
of  virgins  and  boys — if  we  may  credit 
two  Uhristian  bishops  (Gregory  Nazi- 
anzen  and  Chrysostom),  who,  we  are 
told,  could  relate  such  tales  ''  without 
a  smile,  and  without  ablush.**  Bodinus 
mentions  similar  ceremonies.  (See  De 
Magorum  Dsemonomania,  Lib.  ii.  c.  ii. 
iii.)  Evocation  was  practised  by  the 
northern  nations,  as  may  be  seen  in 
Gray*s  translation  of  the  Ode  from  the 
Norse  tongue,  preserved  in  the  Latin 
version  by  Bartholinusy  entitled  "  The 
Descent  of  Odin,"  that  is,  to  the  drear 
abode  of  Helas,  the  goddess  of  death. 
The  answers  of  the  prophetic  maid  are 
with  difficulty  extorted  from  her. 
Fatidica. 

Quisnam  Hominum 

Mihi  ignotorum 

Mihi  facere  prsesumit 

Tristem  animum  ? 

Invita  hsec  dixi, 
Jamquc  silebo. 

And  in  the  poem  from  the  Hervara 

Saga,   published   by   Olaus   Verelius, 

Hervor  calls  up  by  enchantments  the 

apparition  of  her  father  Angantyr, — 

Hervor  I  daughter  I 

Full  of  spells  to  raise  the  dead, 

Why  dost  thou  call  me  thus  } 

(MS.  translation.) 
He  then  predicts  her  future  fate.  The 
apparition  of  Samuel  complains  also, 
Vrhy  hast  thou  disquieted  me  to  bring  me 
upf  The  Druids  claimed  the  same 
power  ;  and  Picart,  on  the  religion  of 
the  Banians,  states  that  the  Tunquincse 
believe  their  witches  maintain  a  cor- 
respondence with  the  evil  spirit,  and 
have  a  perfect  knowledge  of  the  state 


of  the  soul  in  the  other  world ;  and 
that  they  evoke  the  spirit  with  the 
sound  of  drums,  which  appears,  and 
gives  the  answers  demanded.  (Kelig. 
Ceremon.  vol.  ii.  108.) 

With  respect  to  the  danger  attend- 
ing the  raismg  of  the  dead,  as  noticed 
by  Dr.  Jortin,  lest  a  formidable  mon- 
ster should  be  sent  to  terrify  or  destroy 
the  adventurer,  the  superstition  seems 
alluded  to  by  Shakspere,  in  "  Hamlet." 

IIOEAT. 

What  if  it  t€mpt  you  tow'rd  the  flood,  my  Lord, 
Or  to  the  dreadful  summit  of  the  cliff 
That  beetles  o'er  his  base  into  the  sea  ? 
And  tltere  asmme  some  otfier  horrible  form 
Which  might  deprive  your  sovereignty  of  reason  ^ 
Ami  draw  you  into  madness.  (Act  I.  sc.  4.) 

Constantine,  by  one  of  his  laws,  made 

1)enal  such  magic  arts  as  were  calcu- 
ated  to  iniure  others,  but  permitted 
those  which  might  be  bcnencial.  In 
James  the  Firsts  time  persons  prac- 
tbing  magic  were  hanged. 

VI. 

The  ghost  likes  to  approach  the  sacri- 
fices, and  drink  of  the  blood  of  the  victims. 
—(Dissert,  p.  220.) 

Porphyry,  who  wrote  in  the  early 
part  of  the  third  century,  speaking  of 
dromons,  says,  ovroi  ol  \(upovT(£  \oififj 
T€,  KPitrarj  re  bi  tav  avrSiv  rh  (roifiaTiKOv 
Ka\  TTPevfiariKov  mmverai :  Qyap  rovro 
aryLoii  /cat  difaOvfJudfituri,  These  are 
they  who  take  pleasure  in  incense,  fwnes^ 
and  nidours  of  sacrifices,  wherewith  their 
corporeal  atid  spiritual  part  is  fattened, 
Celsus  and  St.  Basil  mention  the  same 
thing.  (See  Cudworth,  vol.  ii.  p.  810, 
811.)     Milton  has  an  allusion  to  this, 

the  night-hag,  when  call'd 

lu  secret,  riding  through  the  air  she  comes, 
Lur'd  by  tho  smell  of  infants'  blood,  to  dance 
With  Lapland  witches.  (P.  L.) 

Garmannus  observes  that  the  Egyptian 
hieroglyphic  for  the  soul  was  a  hawk, 
because  it  never  drinks  water,  but  only 
blood,  with  which  the  Egyptians  be- 
lieved the  spirits  of  the  departed  were 
nourished.  (Lib.  ii.  Tit.  x.  c.  60,  61.) 
It  appears  from  Homer  also  that  before 
the  spirit  tasted  the  sacrificial  blood, 
it  had  no  recollection  of  its  former 
life ;  and  sometimes  did  not  speak,  or 
possess  the  prophetic  power.  Tiresias 
says  to  Ulysses, 

aXX*  airo)(av€o  P6$pov  anKTyt  dc  (jmfTya* 

vov  o^v, 
aifiaTos  Zifbpa  nita,  Kai  Toi  tnjfiffyrta  €inv. 
(Od.  xl  94.) 


18530 


77ie  Dead,  as  described  hi/  Homer, 


241 


Remai>ejram  the  fosi^  and  sheaihr  your 
sfuirp  su^ord^  thai  I  nuitf  ttuaffthe  iffxxf^ 
and  utter  tnie  woi^ds.  The  sense  of 
which  passage,  it  may  be  observed,  ij* 
entirely  lort  in  Pop«*«  translaiiun*  A3 
iooD  aa  Ulysses  obeyed,  the  gliosf, 

-  iTiii'  al^a  KeXattfitfy 

dfiVfUtiv,  (lb,) 

Eager  lie  qtuiird  th6  gwe,  And  ihfn  cxpresaM 
Dork  tUags  Ut  coiDe»  tbe  fooodds  of  lib  brtsist. 

It  was  for  this  reason  that  the  shade  of 
his  mother  stooil  in  sdence  before  hini, 
without  even  lookio;;  at  or  speaking  to 
him^  but  as  soon  as  she  had  drunk  the 
blood  she  immediately  recognijjedbim, 
informed  him  of  what  had  o^jcurred  at 
her  deafb,  and  of  many  things  rebting 
to  his  family.  Tins,  however,  would 
5eejn  to  be  conliued  thieily  to  the  dead 
in  Homer ;  for  when  the  appni  Ition  of 
DaritiH  wa^  called  up  by  Atossa,  there 
was  no  eacridce,  and  the  libations  eon- 
ftiated  only  of  honey,  milk,  flowers,  &c. 
yet  the  spirit,  immediately  on  its  ap- 
pearance, recognised  bis  wife  an<l  the 
attendant Persjn as, and  addressed  them. 
(See  the  Persa;  of -^Eschylns,  1.  iy77.) 

vn. 

It  is  afraid  of  a  drawn  sword,  and  will 
lot  approach  the  man  who  thrcatetiji  it. 

(DUscrt*  p.  220.) 

This  fear  is  very  conai stent  with  the 
notion  entertained  by  t!je  ancientES, 
that  the  departed  spirit  retained  a  ma- 
terial body.  Heneo  the  ghosts  of  the 
Greek  chiefs  and  ifaeedoninn  nhalanx 
tied  at  the  sight  of  ^Enens  and  bis  glit- 
tering weapons.  (Mu.  vi.  490.)  \\'hen 
l^fareeUus,  m  '^  Hamlet,'*  inquires  whe- 
ther he  shall  strike  the  ghost  with  his 
partisan,  Shakspere  makes  him  add 
immedmtely, 

We  Ao  it  wrong,  being  so  mRJcttical, 

To  offer  it  the  ihow  of  violence  ; 

For  it  if,  as  the  air,  invuhicrabU% 

And  our  vain  blows  molkiouii  mockety. 
(Act.  L  «.  1.) 

VI II. 

It  glides  aloDg  like  a  Rhadow,  and  moves 
or  flies  with  the  utmost  rapidity,  and  when 
the  man  dies,  and  it  departs  from  the  body, 
f^  toon  gHt  to  the  rtgion  0/  tht  dead, — 
(OUsert.  p.  250.) 

This  too  is  in  accordance  with  the 
scripture  doctrine  :  **  Tins  day  aholl 
thou  be  with  me  In  paradise."  (Luke, 
xxiii.  43.) 

GiKT.  Ma<3.  Vol,  XXXIX, 


When  a  man  dies,  the  Boul  quils  the  be- 
loved hody  with  much  reluctance. — (Dis- 
sert, p,  520.) 

Which  la  alluded  to  l>y  Dry  den  in  a 
fme  passa^je  on  the  death  of  Charles  iL 

God's  image.  Gotl'a  anointed,  Uy 
WEtliout  a  motion^  puUc^  or  breatli, 

A  ^onsclCiJ^  lump  of  snenyit  duy, 
An  imu^u  now  (if  deattK 

An  Iron  »l!aiiil)or  5at  on  hbi  maJeAtlc  eye*. 
*  *  * 

Once  more  the  fieetfuK  i»oiil  caixm  back 
T  lQ«pire  the  nioi  UU  firaizie ; 

And  in  tlie  txwly  took  a  doubtful  lUnd. 
Doubtful  and  liovchug.  Uke  ejcpiring  aume 

TUnt  niOMDtt  HUd  tkWi^  by  tnitulf  aod  h-vmbles 
o'ei'  the  liraud.  (Tlirenod.  AugiiiHt  ) 

X. 
It  €auuot  cnler  Atdet  till  the  body  he 
buned^orfuiieral  rites  have  heen  performed 
in  hunour  to  it,  but  roves  about  at  t]»e 
gates,  in  a  reatlesa  condition. — (Dissert, 
p.  221.) 

Long  before  the  time  of  Homer  the 
being  deprived  of  sepulture  vtm  re- 
garded as  the  ^eatcat  misfortune.  The 
author  of  Ecclesiastes  says  that  an  uw 
timely  birth  (meaning  never  to  have 
beeti  born),  i$  better  for  it  man  thou  to 
have  fit}  hitriid,  (e.  vi.  3.)  And  among 
the  instances  recorded  of  Tohffs  devo- 
tion one  is,  that  if  he  saw  any  of  bis 
kindred  dead,  or  cast  about  the  walls  of 
Nineveh,  he  buried  tbcni.  (c.  i.  17.) 
And  when  he  confesses  his  fear  of 
death,  he  adds  this*  reason,  **  lest  I 
should  bring  my  fiither*a  and  my  mo- 
ther's lil'e,  because  of  nie^  to  the  grave 
with  sorrow  :  /or  they  have  no  athtr  tton 
/'>  hitn/  them  J"  (vi.  14.) 

XI. 

The  account  which  Homer  gives  of 
Hercules,  amoupt  the  dcad»  is  remark* 
able.  Ulysses  converses,  not  with  him, 
hut  with  his  image  or  *Aatf«.— (Dissert. 
p.  222.) 

Dr.  Jortiu  addjf,  "  it  does  not  appear 
that  Homer  thought  other  men  to  con- 
sist, like  him,  of  the  o-^^xd,  ^^I'X'h  ^'^'^ 
(fJ^fidXov,  but  that  in  them  the  ^v^jj  and 
uBmkop  were  the  same  ;"  yet  Achiiles, 
in  the  twenty-third  Iliad,  saysi 
cJ  Tzikroit  ?ffm  nt  tori  icni  tlv  dUiao  ^/ioi<n 
yf^vxf}  Kot  <id(aXov,  drhp  <fip(t*€s  ovk  ttn 
mtfinatf*  (L,  103.) 

Am  heaimt  attest4<t  there  t>  then  in  the 
munjthfui  of  the  detid  the  spirit,  oiid  its 

IMAOR,  hilt  ttte  rNTlJl.Li:cTlTAJ-  rAllT   of 

miJH  ii  not  ivith  it.   It  must  be  observod 
2  1 


242 


The  Deady  as  desc7*%bed  hy  Homer. 


[March, 


again  that  nothing  of  this  is  expressed 
in  Pope's  translation.  Plutarch  says, 
that  the  </)p5»',  or  intellectual  part  of 
man,  is  a  part  of  the  V^x^  ®^  ^^^^»  ^^* 
superior  to  it,  and  separable  from  it. 
He  makes  the  living  man  consist  of 
three  parts,  <r&fia,  yfn^xv*  4^PV^  f  that, 
by  the  first  death,  he  becomes  two  out 
of  three,  viz.  V^x^  ^^^  ^91^  ?  ^'^^  ^7 
the  second  death,  he  becomes  one  out 
of  two,  viz.  ffipriv.  The  flbtokov  or 
image  of  Iphthima  was  raised  by  Mi- 
nerva, even  during  her  lifetime.  (Od. 
iv.  795.)  And  Ulysses  feared  that 
Persephone  had  sent  the  mere  image 
of  his  mother  to  delude  and  distress 
him.  (Od.  xi.  212.)  This  c78o>\ov,  or 
spectral  appearance,  seems  to  resemble 
the  wraith  of  the  Scotish  superstition, 
which  is  believed  to  be  sometimes  the 
messenger  of  good  and  sometimes  the 
presager  of  death.  Apollo  raised  the 
image  of  -^neas*  dead  body  to  deceive 
the  Greeks  (B.  v.  449) ;  and  a  belief 
is  still  prevalent  in  the  west  of  Eng- 
land that,  as  an  omen  of  death,  an 
individual  will  sometimes  see  the  spec- 
tral appearance  of  his  own  corpse. 

XII. 

The  shades  form  themselves  into  little 
■ocieties,  and  keep  company  with  their 
countrymen,  friends,  and  acquaintances. — 
(Dissert,  p.  223.) 

So  the  ghosts  of  the  departed  mo- 
narchs  of  the  earth  are  described  as 
being  assembled  together  in  the  realms 
of  death,  and  as  rising  up  from  their 
thrones  to  receive  the  King  of  Babylon; 
to  receive  and  insult  him :  "  Art  thou 
become  like  unto  us?  Is  thy  pride 
brought  down  to  the  grave  ?  Is  the 
vermin  become  thy  couch,  and  the 
earth-worm  thy  covering  ?  How  art 
thou  fallen,  O  Lucifer,  son  of  the 
morning."    (Is.  xix.  10.    Bp.  Lowth.) 

XIII. 

This  earth  which  we  inhabit  is  a  wide- 
extended  plain,  all  hollow  underneath,  and 
there  is  Aides,  or  the  region  of  the  dead. 
—(Dissert  p.  224.) 

Bishop  Horsley  held  the  opinion  that 
the  place  of  the  dead,  in  the  inter- 
mediate state  between  death  and  the 
resurrection,  was  in  the  hollow  of  the 
earth.  (See  a  remakablc  sermon  of 
his  on  the  subject,  from  I  Pet.  iii.  18, 
19,  20.) 

XIV, 

Aides,  pr  the  region  of  the  dead,  is  re- 


presented by  Homer  as  a  gloomy  melan- 
choly place,  where  there  is  no  joy  and 
contentment,  and  where  even  the  heroes 
are  disconsolate,  and  out  of  humour  with 
their  condition.— (Dissert,  p.  231.) 

It  is  so  represented  by  Job :  Before 
I  go  whence  I  sliall  not  return,  to  the 
land  of  darkness,  and  the  shadow  of 
death; — where  the  light  is  darkness, 
(ch.  X.  21,  22.) 

XV. 

As  deep  beneath  these  mansions  as  the 
earth  is  beneath  the  heavens,  lies  Tar- 
tarus, where  Saturn,  Japetus,  and  other 
ancient  gods  are  confined,  and  neyer  see 
the  cheerful  light  of  the  sun,  or  feel  the 
refreshing  breezes  of  the  air. — (Dissert, 
p.  225.) 

Homer*s  idea  of  Tartarus  is  said  to 
have  been  derived  from  the  Egyptians, 
who  are  supposed  to  have  possessed  by 
tradition  a  Knowledge  of  the  fall  of  the 
angels,  and  the  punishment  of  the 
condemned. 

XVI. 

They  who  are  punished  there,  as  Tanta- 
lus, Tityus,  Sisyphus,'are  persons  who  had 
been  guilty  of  particular  impieties  against 
the  gods.— (Dissert  p.  229.) 

XVII. 

There  is  only  one  crime  specified  in 
Homer  for  which  men  would  be  punished 
hereafter,  and  that  crime  is  perjury. — 
(Dissert,  p.  230.) 

XVIII. 

The  office  of  punishing  perjury  is  given 
to  the  Furies.— (Dissert,  p.  230.) 

XIX. 

In  Homer  we  find  punishments  ex- 
pressly threatened  only  to  the  perjured, 
and  indirectly  to  the  wicked,  and  rewards 
promised  to  none  ;  unless  perhaps,  by  way 
of  inference,  we  should  allow  to  his  virtuous 
shades  the  poor  negative  rewards  of  not 
being  tormented  with  Tantalus  and  Tityus. 
—(Dissert,  p.  236.) 

By  the  Mosaic  Law  the  sin  of  wilful 
perjury  was  not  to  be  expiated  by  sa- 
crifice (Lev.  V.  1),  he  shall  bear  his 
punishment,  being  so  understood. 

XX. 

They  (the  gods)  can  at  pleasure  assume 
an  human  shape  and  body,  and  then  they 
can  eat  and  drink  like  human  creatures, 
and  perform  ra  a<f)pobiaia.  — (Dissert. 
p.  235.) 

The  heavenlv  messengers  that  ap- 
peared to  Abraham  eat  in  his  presence 
(Gen.  xviii.  8),  but  the  angei  refiised 


18500 


The  JJead^  aii  described  &jf  Homm\ 


'M^ 


the  kid  otiered  by  Manoab  (Juilgei^) 
xiii*  J5»  16);  and  the  angel  that  ap- 
peared to  Tobit^  remindGd  him»  All 
thexe  dityi  did  I  appear  vrito  you  ;  Init  I 
did  neither  cat  nor  drink,  (eh.  xii.  UL) 
Ovid  makes  Jupiter  aaj, 

ContJgetiit  ncMtras  in&miii  teinporis  aujoi  ^ 
Quam  cnpleuB  fiilstuii^  cFUJsmo  deliil)or  OlyuijXi, 
Et  tHma  bUQumd  lM*trw<iUli  iran^nue  U:Trns, 
<.Mot.  1.211. 
The  imchedncxs  of  tkt  age  has  retiched. 
me ;  in  the  httpe  thttJt  it  tHuij  he  uutrtie^  I 
7  desc4^idfrmn  Olympm^  and  although 
\  gitflf  wiU  traver,i(?  the  earth  under  the 
human  /arm;  whichi  it  has  been  ob- 
served, is  very  like  the  cii'f^Qitistatice 
recorded  in  Genesis.  **  Because  their 
sin  is  very  grievous  ;  I  will  go  down 
now,  and  see  whether  they  hiive  done 
altogether  according  to  ibe  cry  of  it 
which  has  come  unto  me."  (ch.  xviii. 
20,  2L)  The  Egyptians  believed  that 
i^e  go* Is  assumed  the  form  of  men. 
->iod,  Siculus,  Li  I  It  i,  e*  Ih)  In  the 
dyssey,  Minerva  descends  no  less  than 
nine  times  under  different  forms;  »even 
under  the  human  format  once  as  an 
eagle^  and  once  as  tigltt.  Pluto  rejiro- 
bates  the  superstition,  and  on  this  ac- 
count pasties  a  severe  censure  on 
Homer.  Homer,  however,  described 
theology,  in  all  likelihooil,  very  miieh  as 
he  found  it,  and  exliibits  therefore  the 
opinions  wUich  were  common  in  tlreece 
and  the  neighbouring  nations  at  tliat 
early  jic^riod ;  these  opinions  were  pro- 
bably derived  from  still  more  ancient 
nations,  and  orif?inated  poseibly  in  cor- 
rupt tradition  from  the  histories  of  the 
Old  Testament.  TLe  gods  of  Homer 
resemble  mankind  in  their  passions  and 
feelings,  and  certainly  to  a  gross  ex- 
cess ;  but  still,  it  may  be  remarked^ 
that  in  every  religion  under  heaven, 
even  the  Christian,  mankind,  in  form- 
ing their  idea  of  the  Deity,  are  very 
proae  to  transfer  to  Him  their  own 
]jeeuHttr  passions,  and  ascribe  to  Him 
such  atti'ibutes  as  are  in  aympathy  with 
their  own  dispositions ;  and  which  are 
grounded,  therefore,  it  may  be  pre- 
sumed, in  many  coses,  rather  on  the 
charact4?r  of  the  individual  than  on 
reason  and  religion*  Pers<^ins  of  a 
tender  and  cfimpsissionate  temper  dwell 
thicdy  OQ  the  mercy  and  benevolence 
of  Gud  ;  thofle  of  a  st^a^ner  nature,  on 
bis  inflejLible  justice,  and  consecjuent 
severity  :  the  latter  attach  thenmelves 
to  Calvinism,  the  former  clans   with 


Arminiuns.  Men  of  a  philosuphic  turn 
and  disciplined  habits  of  thought^  look 
upon  purity  of  beart  and  the  exercise 
of  moral  virtue  us  what  can  alone  be 
acceptable  to  ti  perfect  Being*  Those 
of  an  uninformed  and  contracted  mind 
think  to  merit  His  approbation  and 
conciliate  His  favour  by  fervid  expres- 
sions of  homage,  and  the  pnnctdious 
observance  of  ceremonies  and  form. 
National  charaeterwill  be  fount!  always 
to  exert  its  intluence  on  national  reli- 
gions. The  Northern  Indians,  it  has 
been  observed,  whose  lives,  from  h&bil 
and  necessity,  are  devoted  to  activity 
and  fortitude,  believe  their  gods  to  be 
characterised  by  precisely  the  same 
qualities;  whUe  the  Siamese^  whose  hot 
climato  and  despotic  government  in- 
duce the  idea  that  happiness  consists 
in  ease  and  safety,  believe  the  Supreme 
Being  to  live  for  ever  in  a  state  of 
indolence  and  security. 

In  Homer  every  quality  and  attri- 
bute of  man  is  represented  b|  a  deity, 
implying  that  the  godhead  is  cveiT- 
wbere  present :  all  is  conceived  in  the 
spirit  of  poetry  and  wisdom  ;  and  even 
in  those  parts  which  appear  least 
rational,  theix;  arc  shadowed  forth 
mnny  mysteries  of  natural  and  religi- 
ous philosophy.  Diodoms  remarks 
that  Homer  obtained  his  learning  and 
theology  from  Egypt.  Mr,  Howell, 
in  his  "  Interesting  Ilisf  orical  Events," 
refers  the  Egyptian  philosophy  to  the 
doctrines  of  the  Shastah ;  and  whatever 
a<5e  may  be  assigned  to  Zartjahter  and 
the  MagiAU  doclirlnes,  there  can  be  no 
doubt  of  their  ytivy  great  antiquity : 
according  to  Aristotle^  us  quoted  by 
Bryant,  the  Magi  were  prior  to  the 
Egyptians.  (Anc.  Myth.  ii.  390.)  It 
is  thereJbre  no  matter  of  surprise  that 
there  should  be  so  many  resemblances 
between  the  notions  of  the  Hebrews, 
and  those  of  tlomer  and  the  Grreeka. 

Witli  respect  to  the  gross  aupersti* 
tion  noticed  in  the  above  passage  by 
Dr.  Jortin,  this  may  also  be  traced  to 
the  earliest  history  of  mankind.  It 
was  spoken  of  in  the  apocryphal  book 
of  Enoch,  and  [jossibly  originated 
in  the  misinterpreted  passage  in  Gene- 
sis (vi.  2).  The  Itabbins  held  that 
when  Adam  was  expelled  from  Para- 
dise, he  continued  a  hundred  and  thirty 
years  under  excommunication,  and 
during  that  time  maintained  an  inter- 
course with  female  angels,  and  thence 


244 


The  Deady  as  described  by  Homer, 


[March, 


origiDated  daemons.  Aiigustinc  speaks 
of  the  sin  alluded  to  as  being  so  well 
known  that  no  rational  person  would 
deny  it.  The  belief  in  such  inter- 
course was  prevalent  in  Europe  in 
the  middle  ages ;  which  is  apparent  in 
the  fabliaux  of  the  Trmibadours,  Guy 
de  Lusignan  is  related  to  have  had 
several  children  by  Melusina,  the 
elf;  and  it  was  generally  credited  in 
Scotland  that  Geoffrey  Plantagenet, 
the  ancestor  of  the  English  sovereigns, 
had  married  a  daemon.  (See  Minstrelsy 
of  the  Scotish  Border,  ii.  183.)  Shak- 
spere  alludes  to  the  superstition  in 
his  "  Tempest,"  in  which  rrospero  ad- 
dresses Caliban : 

Thou  poisonous  slave,  got  by  the  devil  himself 

Upon  thy  wicked  dam. 

The  foul  witch  Sycorax,  who,  with  age  and  envy, 

Had  grown  Into  a  hoop. 

The  blere-eyod  hag  was  hither  brought  with  child. 

Meyer,  the  historian  of  Flanders,  re- 
lates that  in  1459  many  persons  of  both 
sexes  were  condemned  for  this  offence 
ON  THEIR  OWN  CONFESSION,  and  bumt 
at  Artois :  and  Bodin,  who  was  chief 
justice  in  eyre,  wrote  his  work  on 
Dccmoiiomania  in  consequence  of  hav- 
ing had  to  try  a  female  named  Har- 
villeria  of  Compeign  for  the  same  thing. 
The  poor  being  at  last  confessed  that 
she  had  permitted  such  intercourse 
from  an  early  age ;  and  her  enlightened 
judges  debated  the  question  whether 
she  should  be  burnt  alive,  or  in  mercy 
strangled  first ;  the  burning  her  alive 
was  iiltimately  determined  on,  and  the 
sentence  carried  into  execution  on  the 
third  of  April  1578.  The  confession 
fc»he  made  before  and  after  her  con- 
demnation sufficiently  betrays  the  real 
cause  of  her  calamities,  and  which,  no 
doubt,  in  this  and  in  most  other  in- 
stances, arose  from  that  "  heaviest  of 
human  afflictions,"  the  frequent  and 
the  natural  result  of  superstition.  (See 
Bodinus  De  Magorum  Daemonomania, 
pnef. ;  and  also  Lib.  ii.  c.  8.) 

XXI. 

The  Elysian  fields  were  situated  beyond 
the  sea,  and  bounded  by  the  sea,  and  sepa- 
rated from  the  earth  in  which  others  dwell. 
But  we  are  not  told  who  were  the  inhabit- 
ants of  these  happy  regions  :  only  we  find 
that  they  were  men  and  not  ghosts.-— 
(Dissert,  p.  239.) 

XXII. 

Homer  hath  not  affirmed  directly,  and 
in  80  many  words,  that  the  Soul  it  im- 


mortal ;  but  this  doctrine  seems  manifestly 
deducible  from  his  system,  and  connected 
with  it.— (Dissert,  p.  245.) 

Hercules  is  described  by  Homer  as 
being  in  heaven  and  united  to  Hebe. 
(Od.  xi.  603.)  Perhaps  the  moral  of 
the  fable  was  intended  to  show  that 
his  soul  possessed  immortal  youth. 

Although  it  did  not  fall  within  Dr. 
Jortin*s  plan  to  enter  upon  the  subject, 
it  may  be  also  collected  from  Homer 
that  dscmons  attend  upon  mankind  to 
seduce  them  to  evil,  and  involve  them 
in  sufferings.  When  Ulysses  returned 
to  the  isle  of  iEolus,  he  was  asked, 

nSiS  ^\6(S,  *Obv(r€V\  TIS  TOt  KOKOS  €}(pa€ 

baliuav.  (Od.  x.  64.) 

What  decmon  coold'st  thou  meet 

To  thwart  thy  passage,  and  repel  thy  fleet? 

(Pope.) 

And,  in  excuse  for  Helen,  Menelaus 

says, 

^\0€s  tiTtira  (TV  Kfla-f  K€\€V<r€fitvai  de  <r 

baiiKov  OS  Tpoi>€<raw  cJSovXcro  icvdos  opc^i. 
(Od.  iv.  275.) 

Some  daemon,  anxions  for  the  Trc^JAn  doom, 
Urg'd  you  with  great  Delphobus  to  come. 

(Pope.) 

In  the  Atdutaria  of  Plautus,  Lyconides 
pleads  the  same  influence  in  excuse  for 
having  seduced  the  daughter  of  Euclio, 

Deus  impulsor  mihi  fuit ;  is  me  ad  illam  illexit. 
(LlneGOl.) 

The  doctrine  is  also  taught  in  the 
Scriptures :  evil  spirits  were  sent 
among  the  Egyptians,  "  He  cast  upon 
them  the  fierceness  of  his  anger,  wrath, 
&c.  by  sending  evil  angels  among 
them."  (Ps.  Ixxviii.  49.)  See  also  the 
Book  of  Wisdom,  xvii.  3,  4. 

The  Siamese  impute  many  of  their 
diseases  to  the  influence  of  evil  spirits. 
(Picart's  Relig.  Ceremon.)  So  the 
sick  father  in  the  Odyssey, 

Kfirai  Kparip^  Skyta  iraxrx^v, 

br)pbv  TTjKOfievoSy  arvytpos  de  oi    fXP^ 
Saifiwv.  (Lib.  V.  395.) 

Which  is  very  similar  to  the  passage  in 
St.  Luke's  Gospel,  of  the  sick  woman 
"  Whom  Satan  hath  bound^  lo,  these 
eighteen  years."     (Luke,  xiii.  16.) 

It  was  no  doubt  through  the  asency 
of  evil  spirits  that  it  was  believed  per- 
sons haa  the  power  to  curse  armies  and 
individuals.  When  Ateius,  the  tribune, 
could  not  prevent  Crassus  from  leav- 
ing Rome,  being  about  to  attack  the 


1853.]     Letter  ofJost^pk  Aintit^  Enf/,  to  Sir  Peter  7%ompsoH,        :245 

Eumruus  forbore  to  bark,  and  retreated 
wluniiif^.  (Od*xvLl57.)  Dog:^  are  still 
believed  to  detect  the  prcseiiee  of  death 
before  be  is  mmiifest  to  others,  a  su- 
perstition wbich  limy  have  originated 
in  the  above* 

Sometimes  the   eyea   of  man  were 
opened  ho  that  they  could  see  flpirituuil 
agents, 
lS.)^Kvu  6*  nu  Tiii  air    6<}>BaXfimv  fXoM,  § 

npiv  fnjjtv, 
'*Ofpp^  €v  yivatriejfs  f}^iv  Ce^y  r}&€  kai  avBpa 

(lb  V.  127.) 
V«t  wore,  from  mortal  iiibt*  I  piirgo  thine  cj-cs, 
Anil  not  to  view  the  wurriii^  lieitica.  (I'ojiie.) 

So  the  eyes  of  the  young  man  were 
opened  by  EUsha :  "  And  Elisha 
prayed — ^nd  the  Lot^tl  njmied  the  eyeA 
of  the  i/oting  man ;  tiud  hn  xaw :  uud  Aff- 
hoM^  the  tiumnlmfi  was  full  of  hordes  and 
chariots  of  Jire.  round  about  Elishit*'' 
Ci  lungs;  vi.  17.)  C. 


Parthifins,  us  a  liist  resource  he  ran 
before  the  gate  of  the  city,  and  placing 
a  censer  there  with  tire  in  it  be 
prinkled  incense,  and  offered  liba- 
ons,  and  as  Crassua  apjiroached 
Hiltered  the  most  fearful  imprecations. 
(Pbitarch,  Crasx.  19.)  Thus  Babsiui 
prepiired  sacriUccs  previous  to  his  curs- 
ing the  Israeltteji.     (Kumber^  xxii.) 

In  Lci*inky*s  Voyiige  round  the 
World  there  is  an  account  of  a  religious 
^ect  in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  who 
jirrogate  the  power  of  praying  people 
to  death.  The  sufierer  reciiives  notice 
when  the  litany  of  deatli  is  about  to 
commence,  and  such  is  the  power  of 
iniagimitioti  that  it  seldom  tailsf  it  is 
3nid,  of  producing  the  elTect* 

Animals  had  the  power  of  perceiving 
the  presence  of  inhabitants  of  the  ot!ier 
world.  When  Minerva  assumed  the 
form  of  a  beautiful  matronj  the  dogs  of 


LETTER  OF  JOSEPH  AMES,  ESQ.  TO  SIR  PETER  THOMPSON. 


THE  following  Letter  is  chiefly  reinark- 
nble  for  ttie  mentiou  it  makes  of  **  ooe 
Johiifion,"  then  employed  on  his  great 
work  *'  The  Dictiouai-y  of  the  English 
Language."  He  had  recently  been  intro- 
duced to  the  writer,  Mr.  Ames,  by  Ed- 
ward Cave  the  printer,  of  Saint  John's 
Gate,  whose  niune  i&  immortalized  lu  lite- 
rary ananls  by  his  having  originated  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  that  favourite  class 
of  perigdical  literature*  and  who  a  few 
months  after  embarked  in  the  publica- 
tion of  Johnson's  Rambler.  Johnson  had 
Already  been  a  successful  author  ia  his 
Life  of  Savage,  bis  satires  of  Loudon  and 
The  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes,  and  in  his 
tragedy  of  Irene.  Still  his  fame  had  not 
reached  the  ears  of  the  excellent  Mr, 
Amea.  Amea  was  his  senior  by  just 
twenty  years  ;  and  was  at  this  period  sixty 
years  of  age.     Johnson  was  forty. 

Ames  was  ahready  known  as  the  collector 
of  naaterials  for  the  history  of  Printing  in 
England ;  and  it  was  probably  on  that  ac- 
count  that  Johnson  desired  an  introduc- 
tion to  him*  His  **  Typographicnl  Anti- 
Qotltes  **  ajipeared  in  this  same  year,  1 749 ; 
ut,  though  his  name  is  preserved  to  pos- 
irity  by  that  great  work,  it  does  not  occur 
in  the  memoirs  of  Johnson  by  Boswell 
and  Croker. 

Sir  Peter  Thompson,  his  correspondent, 


was  a  Hamburgh  merchant,  who  bad  real- 
ised a  considerable  fortune ^  and  resided  at 
Poole,  in  Dorsetshire.  He  wtis  a  Fellow 
of  the  Royal  and  Antiquarian  Soeictiea, 
and  jioissessed  a  valuable  library,  which 
was  dispersed  partly  after  his  ileath,  in 
t770,  and  partly  in  iSL^i.  i^See  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  ijl  800.) 

Of  *'  John  Maj^wdl,  M.A."  the  cyuteni- 
plated  rival  of  Johnson  as  a  lexicographer, 
we  are  not  aware  that  anything;  is  now 
known.  "  Brother  West"  was  clonbtlesa 
James  West,  for  a  short  time  President 
of  the  Royal  Society. 

The  letter  may  not  be  tbongbt  *cry  cre- 
ditable to  Mr,  Ames's  scholarship,  but  it 
has  been  carefully  copied,  titer atirnf  by 
our  friend  B.  Nightingale,  esq.  from  the 
original,  in  his  possession. 

My  good  fbiend,  16  Sept  1749. 
It 's  a  ereat  pleasure  to  hear  from 
you,  tho*  tis  but  a  word  or  two,  now 
you  are  so  busy.  I  have  sent  to  your 
folks  the  tiu-foil  and  brunz,  but  faucy 
you  have  not  rcC'  it  yet^  with  my 
tbnught.s  of  the  manner  of  using,  now 
i  know  they  have  no  printed  direc- 
tions that  they  will  give  away.  I  ha?c 
bought  you  that  philosophical  piece  of 
Needham*s,*  but   being  too  heavy  I 


•  **  Mr,  Ncedham's  book  on  Generation  is  printed  off.  This  is  what  I  had  men- 
tioned to  you  as  somewhat  agreeable  to  your  thnughts  when  read  to  the  Royal  Society 
in  the  beginoing  of  the  year."  Mr.  Ames  to  Sir  Peter  Tfaompaon,  in  a  letter  written 
earlier  in  the  same  month,  which  is  also  in  the  posBessioQ  of  Mr«  Nigbtbgale* 


246 


The  DeveretLX  Earls  of  Essex. 


[March, 


have  not  sent  it  now,  and  also  because 
it  requires  pretty  close  thinking,  that 
I  may  either  send  it  to  your  house  to 
go  with  the  brunz's,  &cs  or  split  it  into 
3  or  4  parts  as  you  shall  direct,  being 
a  25.  thing.  This  of  the  Man  a  Machin* 
is  three  ounces,  therefore  make  it  in 
two  packets  now. 

Our'Bro'  West  meet  me  in  the  City 
a  Wednesday,  and  would  have  me  stay 
a  little  and  chat  with  him  at  a  tavern. 
He  was  in  high  spirits,  and  we  drank 
your  health ;  had  up  the  affair  of  Lord 
Colerane,f  who  appeared  to  be  a  very 
bad  man. 

I  wrote  to-day  by  a  ship  that  went 
away  for  Philadelphia  to  my  friend 
Capt.  Preston  at  a  venter,  wherein  I  re- 
commended your  honour  to  him,  which 
I  am  sure  he  will  be  glad  to  hear  of. 

I  have  enquired  about  that  piece  on 
Printing  you  w'  pleased  to  mention  to 
me,  but  have  not  yet  seen  it.  That 
from  which  he  took  it  I  have,  but  what 
improvements  he  has  made  I  don't 
know. 


The  John  Maxwell,  M.A.  who  is 
writing  a  kind  of  dictionary  of  the 
English  Language,  I  hear  is  a  young 
man,  and  they  think  will  hardly  go 
thro'  with  the  work ;  but  there  is  one 
Johnson,  who  lately  made  me  a  visit 
with  Mr.  Cave  and  the  chief  printer  or 
bookseller  of  Ireland,]:  has  done  such  a 
work  ready  for  the  press,  and  is  cer- 
tainly a  great  scholar  in  Latin  and 
Greek,  which  will  do  much  better,  yet 
others  say  the  Saxon  and  Norman  is 
full  as  necessary  if  not  more  so  for  the 
right  understanding  of  the  English 
than  Latin  and  Greek.  Such  a  work 
to  be  sure  if  well  and  judiciously  per- 
forni'd  might  be  very  useful!,  but  must 
be  the  united  labour  of  learned  men 
with  that  qualification  the  Apostle 
mentions  of  a  Bp.  that  is,  apt  to  teach, 
which  all  learned  men  are  not. 

May  your  health  and  usefulness 
continue  is  the  prayer  or  wish  of  your 
most  affectionate  humble  servant,  &c'. 
J.  Ames. 


THE  DEVEREUX  EARLS  OF  ESSEX. 

Lives  and  Letters  of  the  Devereux  Earls  of  Essex  in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth,  James  L 
and  Charles  I.  1540 — 1546.  By  the  honourable  Waltec  Bourchier  Devereux,  Captain 
in  the  Royal  Navy.     2  vols.  8vo.  1853. 


IT  is  one  of  the  great  blessings  and 
delights  of  literature  and  a  literary 
taste  that  it  is  a  constant  refuge  and 
employment  for  the  unoccupied  inter- 
vals of  active  life.  A  statesman  re- 
tired or  out  of  place,  a  barrister  insuf- 
ficiently employed,  a  soldier  on  half-pay, 
or  a  sador  "  high  and  dry  "  for  want  of 
a  ship — all  turn,  if  they  have  any  ability 
in  that  direction,  to  book-making,  with 
a  certainty  of  finding  in  it  an  endless 


and  never-failing  vocation.  Many  and 
many  a  good  book  has  thus  been  added 
to  our  national  literature.  The  one 
now  before  us  is  an  example.  Captain 
Devereux,  by  way  of  appeasing  the 
critics,  tells  them  that  he  is  a  sailor 
who  has  had  recourse  to  literature 
whilst  waiting  for  professional  employ- 
ment. For  ourselves,  we  do  not  see 
that  his  book  requires  any  such  apology. 
It  is  good  wine,  and  needs  no  bush.    It 


*  **  Man,  a  Machine.  Translated  from  the  French  of  the  Marquiss  d'Argens. 
London,  1749,*'  8vo.  pp.  87  ;  a  work  attributed  to  Jean  Baptiste  de  Boyer,  Marquis 
D'Argens,  but  denied  by  him  in  an  advertisement  dated  Potsdam,  Oct.  3,  1749,  in- 
serted in  the  General  Advertiser.     (Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britannicar) 

t  Henry  Hare,  third  (and  last  of  his  family)  Lord  Coleraine,  died  on  the  4th  August, 
1749  :  and  in  his  previous  letter  to  Sir  Peter  Thompson,  Mr.  Ames  had  thus  written 
of  him:  "  Lord  Colerane  has  made  a  will  in  fol.  or  a  folio  book  of  a  will,  wherein 
among  many  weighty  matters  he  has  left  4,000/.  per  ann.  to  his  Mrs.  and  a  small 
matter  to  the  Antiq.  Society  to  remember  him.''  His  bequest  to  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  was  a  collection  of  prints  and  drawings ;  and  a  portrait  of  his  lordship, 
by  Richardson,  was  given  to  the  Society  by  Mrs.  Duplessis,  who  was  the  "  niistress  " 
alluded  to  by  Ames,  and  the  mother  of  a  daughter  married  to  James  Townsend,  esq. 
alderman  of  London,  and  mother  by  him  of  Henry  Hare  Townsend,  esq.  See  further 
particulars  in  Nicholses  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  v.  pp.  350  et  seq. 

t  Probably  George  Faulkner,  who  died  Aug.  28,  1775.  See  Nichols's  '*  Literary 
Anecdotes." 


1853.] 


The  Devereux  Earls  of  Essex* 


247 


IB  not  a  history,  or  a  series  of  biogra- 
phleSf  of  a  very  high  clasa,  but  it  is  a  read- 
able U3ei'ul  book,  which  contains  iiiBUj' 
hitherto  unpublished  documents,  and  is 
put  together  hi  a  simple  unpretending 
Vfny  which  is  anything  but  mefFe<:tive. 
Here  and  there  a  little  wider  reading 
and  a  little  more  pains  in  illustriition 
would  not  have  been  thrown  away  ; 
but  where  there  is  so  much  that  is 
really  good»  it  is  not  our  custom  to 
dwell  on  little  faults. 

The  three  of  his  ancestors  whom 
Captain  Devereux  here  puts  forward 
were  certainlr  men  of  high  mark  and 
character.  They  were  also  eingularly 
contraated  one  with  another.  The  first, 
Walter,  who  died  in  Ireland  in  1 576,  wui* 
not  only  richly  endowed  with  intellec- 
tual talent,  but  was  eminent  for  gene- 
rosity and  loyalty*  Robert,  the  second 
Earl^  had  more  than  all  the  generosity 
of  his  father*  He  was  eminently  coura- 
geous^ intellectually  superior  to  any  of 
his  family,  and  in  his  heart  loyal,  truth- 
ful,  and  grateful.  But  all  these  admi- 
rable quwitiea  were  manned  by  careless- 
mess  and  want  of  prudence  in  the  ma- 
nagement of  his  estate,  and  by  a  wild 
sensitiveness  and  impetuosity  of  temper 
which  kept  him  in  continual  hot  water 
with  everybody,  except  friends  who 
knew  his  worth  and  humoured  hiy 
foi  b les.  His  i  n  lirm  ity  of  temper  made 
him  impracticable  as  a  counsellor  or 
co-operator  in  public  measures,  and 
not  only  created  him  enemies,  but  cn- 
ftbied  them,  and  CTtpecially  the  worst 
and  mo^  unscrupulous  amongst  them, 
to  take  advantage  of  him  and  put  liim 
in  the  wrong,  even  in  cases  in  which  u 
calm  and  sober  judgment  would  have 
deemed  him  clearly  right.  Robert,  the 
thlrdEorl,  was  iu  many  rea[>ects  the  very 
reverse  of  his  father.  Cold  to  excess, 
full  of  forethought  and  calculation, 
never  betrayed  by  the  imprudent  im- 
pulses of  a  warm  and  generous  temper, 
one  can  only  recognise  the  tokens  of 
hiB  race  in  his  high  leeliugs  of  personal 
honour,  an<l  his  power  of  attaching  the 
people^  and  especially  the  soldiers,  to 
uimBelf.  Captain  Devcreux's  lives  of 
these  men  wOl  by  no  mtans  satisfy  the 
general  desire  for  a  thuruugh  under- 
standing of  the  characters  of  the  second 
and  third  of  them ;  but  his  book  con- 
tains valuable  materials,  it  adds  con- 
siderably to  our  previous  knowlcflge, 
and  deserves  general  acceptntioii* 


CapUin  Devereux  does  not  tell  us 
when  Walter,  the  first  Earl,  was  born. 
Some  information,  we  should  think, 
mii,'ht  have  been  obtained  upon  that 
point  iVoin  the  records.  We  are  told 
that  he  was  not  more  than  twenty -two 
when  he  married  in  15G1  or  15H2,  and 
we  may  evidently  approximate  to  that 
age  from  the  period  of  his  father*H 
death  and  the  number  of  his  children  ; 
but  if  more  certain  information  coulil 
liHi  obtained,  and  obtained!  now  without 
fee,  Captain  Devereux  should  have 
procurtMl  it.  If  he  searched  for  it,  and 
could  not  find  it,  he  should  have  told 
us  so.  We  have  read  somewhere,  but 
cannot  recall  where^  an  epitaph  or 
elegy  which  stated  his  age  distinctlv* 

His  union  with  Lettice  Knollys, 
whose  mother  was  first  cousin  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  secured  him  attention  at 
court,  and  was  the  cause  of  his  eleva- 
tion to  the  earldom  of  Essex. ,  So  far 
it  seemed  fortunate,  and  Letticc's  after- 
life proves  clearly  that  she  possessed 
many  attractive  qualities  which  it  might 
have  been  hoped  would  have  conduced 
to  his  domestic  happiness ;  but  destiny 
seemed  to  link,  if  not  the  ruin,  cer- 
tainly tho  misery,  of  all  these  Earls  of 
Essex  with  the  women  with  whom  they 
were  connected.  A  dense  cloud  rests 
upon  the  home  of  the  first  Earl.  Under 
its  influence  he  left,  if  we  may  not  say 
he  forsook,  wife,  country,  and  children; 
he  sank  a  fortune,  and  exposed  him- 
self to  troubles  of  all  kinds,  in  the  for- 
lorn hope,  so  far  as  outwardly  appears, 
of  restoring  peace  to  Ulster.  Contem- 
poraries s;iy  that  bis  Irish  expedition 
was  urged  upon  him  by  those  of  influ- 
ence about  tue  Queen  who  wished  him 
absent.  Who  were  thette  evil- withers, 
and  why  should  his  absence  be  desiretl  ? 
Only  one  answer  has  been  given: 
Leicester  paid  court  to  the  Countess 
Lettice.  Incidents  of  this  description 
are  ordinarily  veiled  in  impenetrable 
secresy ;  but  the  reports  of  contempo- 
raries, partly  justified  by  the  early 
tnarriage  of  Leicester  and  Lettice  after 
the  death  of  Essex,  make  one  fear  that^ 
conscious  of  the  alienation  of  his  wife's 
aflections,  the  young  Earl  rushed  reck- 
lessly upon  the  fate  which  his  enemies 
prepared  for  him.  Captain  Devereux 
jirints  for  the  first  time  some  letters 
respecting  his  proceedings  in  Ircloiid. 
They  prove  what  infinite  annoyances 
be  ranered  ia  the  conduct  of  lii^  paltry^ 


248 


The  Devereux  Earh  of  Essex. 


[March, 


miserable  little  war, — suffered,  too,  in 
all  probability,  with  a  sore  heart  and  a 
harrowing  consciousness  that  thence- 
forth his  native  country  had  no  jjer- 
raanent  home  for  him.  His  principal 
exploits  were  similar  to  those  of  our 
Caffre  contests ;  and  the  condition  and 
character  of  his  enemies,  the  native 
Irish,  may  be  guessed  from  the  circum- 
stance that  they  preserved  the  skulls 
of  their  enemies  as  trophies. 

They  took  their  flight  (the  Earl  says, 
describing  one  of  his  contests),  leaving 
sixty  of  their  bows  behind  them,  and 
many  of  their  arrows,  and  many  skulls, 
which  in  the  morning  the  soldiers  found 
and  brought  away. 

His  mode  of  warfare  was  by  cutting 
broad  roads  through  the  woods, — the 
very  measure  recommended  by  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  in  reference  to 
the  Caffres, — by  driving  off  their  cattle, 
and  by.burning  their  standing  crops. 

On  my  way  homewards  (he  writes  on 
one  occasion)  I  gave  order  to  burn  as 
much  corn  as  could  be,  which  I  assure 
your  lordships  was  exceeding  much,  not 
less  by  estimation  than  to  the  value  of 
5,000/.;  for  so  I  ordered  my  marching,  as 
I  might  most  annoy  him  by  spoil  of  the 
country,  where  was  most  plenty  of  com, 
both  going  and  coming. 

It  is  but  justice  to  Elizabeth  to  state 
that  these  atrocities  were  totally  con- 
trary to  the  spirit  of  her  instructions. 
Upon  this  subject  there  is  a  striking 
passage  in  a  letter  of  Essex  toBurghley. 

Upon  the  taking  of  my  leave  she  [Eliza- 
beth] told  me  that  she  had  two  special 
things  to  advise  me  of :  the  one  was,  that 
I  should  have  consideration  of  the  Irish 
there,  which  she  thought  had  become  her 
disobedient  subjects,  rather  because  they 
had  not  been  defended  from  the  force  of 
the  Scots,  than  for  any  other  cause.  Her 
Majesty's  opinion  was,  that  upon  my 
coming  they  would  yield  themselves  good 
subjects,  and  therefore  wished  them  to  be 
well  used.  To  this,  my  lord,  I  answered 
that  I  determined  to  deal  so  with  them  as 
I  found  best  for  her  service  when  I  came 
there,  and  for  the  present  I  could  not  say 
what  is  best  to  be  done.  But  this  Her 
Mfuesty  should  be  sure  of,  that  I  would 
not  imbrue  my  hands  with  more  blood 
than  the  necessity  of  the  cause  requireth. 
The  other  special  matter  was,  that  I  should 
not  seek  too  hastily  to  bring  people  that 
have  been  trained  in  another  religion  from 
that  which  they  have  been  brought  up  in. 
To  this  I  answered,  that  for  the  present  I 
3 


thought  it  was  best  to  learn  them  to  know 
their  allegiance  to  Her  Majesty,  and  to 
yield  her  their  due  obedience,  and  after 
they  had  learned  that  they  would  be  easily 
brought  to  be  of  good  religion. 

Having  done  what  he  could  in  the 
accomplishment  of  his  design,  in  which 
he  is  testified  by  Elizabeth — never  in- 
clined to  give  unmerited  praise — "to 
have  been  bold  and  courageous,  full  of 
virtue  and  manliness,  and  for  his  years 
and  experience  as  wise  and  discreet  as 
ever  any  nobleman  was,"  he  petitioned 
the  nueen  to  grant  him  an  island  from 
which  he  had  expelled  ahorde  of  rebels, 
with  her 

good  license  so  to  live  in  a  corner  of 
Ulster,  which  I  hire  for  my  money  ; 
where,  though  I  may  seem  to  pass  my 
time  somewhat  obscurely,  a  life,  my  case 
considered,  fittest  for  me,  yet  it  shall  not 
be  without  some  stay  in  these  parts,  and 
comfort  to  such  as  hoped  to  be  rid  from 
the  tyranny  of  rebels. 

Afler  the  customary  troubles  which 
all  persons  who  had  any  command 
under  Elizabeth  were  subjected  to 
from  her  fickleness  and  penuriousness, 
and  to  overcome  which  Essex  returned 
for  a  time  to  England,  he  landed  again 
in  Ireland  on  the  23rd  July,  1576,  with 
enlarged  powers.  All  things  went  well 
until  the  30th  August,  when  he  was 
taken  ill  in  the  night.  He  neglected 
his  complaint.  It  became  a  confirmed 
dysentery,  and  he  sank  under  it  on  the 
22nd  September.  Popular  opinion 
added  his  death  to  the  catalogue  of 
poisonings  for  which  Leicester  was  de- 
famed, but  without  any  apparent  proof. 
Captain  Devereux  prints  some  extracts 
from  letters  of  Richard  Broughton,  a 
barrister  and  "  collector  [?  solicitor] 
of  the  EarFs  causes,"  which  give  some 
fresh  details  of  his  illness,  and  prove 
that  the  notion  of  poison  occurred  to 
himself. 

I  understand  his  physicians  (writes 
Broughton)  do  not  doubt  his  lordship's 
well  recovery,  nor  his  lordship  neither; 
but  for  as  much  as  his  page  Hunynges, 
and  a  gentleman  to  whom  he  drank,  were 
sick  of  the  like  disease,  he  suspecteth  his 
drink  was  not  of  the  best. 

Robert  Earl  of  Essex,  the  eldest  son 
of  Walter,  is  said  by  Sir  Henry  Wot- 
ton  to  have  enjoyed  but  little  of  his 
father's  favour.  It  may  have  been  so, 
but  on  his  death-bed  the  Earl  did  what 
he  could  to  secure  the  welfare  of  all 


1853,} 


The  Devt>re\t:^  Earh  of  Eitsex\ 


249 


\ 


I 


his  cliihlren,  and  especially  of  bliii 
**  upon  whoin,"  as  he  said,  *HUe  conti- 
nuation of  iiis  house  depornJetli.*'  He 
pointcil  out  favours,  by  the  granting  of 
which  Elizabeth  might  make  the  young 
Earfis  estate  more  suitable  toliis  (h^gree, 
and  retjuestetl  Lord  Burkn^b  to  snper- 
intend  his  education.  Alniisrei^uests 
were  comphed  with.  Burleijjh  sent 
him  to  Cambridge,  and  at  Trinity  Col- 
lege youogEsa^x  Is  said  to  have  taken 
liis  Mast43r*s  degree^  in  158),  at  the  age 
of  14.  Four  years  afterwards  ho  ac- 
companied Leicester  on  liis  expetlition 
to  the  Low  Couuti'ica,  spending  on  the 
occasion  1,000/.  as  an  outfit  ibr  his 
trooji — a  sum  which  he  could  very  ilL 
aflTord.  He  saw  but  Uttle  service  in  the 
Loiv  Countnes.  The  aflairof  ZntpheUj 
in  wiiich  his  friend  Sir  Plilli[j  Sydjiey 
received  hia  deatli-wouudT  was  hi:*  only 
actuAl  engagement.  For  his  bravery  on 
that  occasion  he  was  knighted  by  Lei- 
cester. On  his  return  to  the  court  of 
Elizabeth,  the  youthful  beauty  of  tlie 
gallant  Essex  attracted  the  regard  of 
the  Queen,  She  kept  him  continually 
about  her,  delighted  in  his  convei'sa- 
tiou,  and  in  the  evening  occupied  Iiim 
playing  **at  cards  or  one  game  or  an* 
olher  with  her,  that  he  cometh  not  to 
his  own  h>dging  till  birds  sing  in  the 
morning,"  At  this  time  Her  Majesty 
had  attained  the  mature  age  of  ,50; 
her  young  favouiite  wa.'*  ju^t  20. 

It  was  now  that  biiS  path  crossed  that 
of  f^aleigh,  and  (lie  fung  deadly  feud 
between  them  took  its  rise.  On  this 
subject  Captain  Devereux  prints  a 
valuable  letter  from  the  MSS-  at  Blith- 
fiehl  One  ofEasex'n  dieters  being  out 
of  favour  with  Elizabeth ,  was  brought, 
by  the  c^mnlvance  of  the  Countess  of 
Warwick,  to  the  Countess's  house,  at  a 
time  when  the  Queen  and  Ef*sex  were 
there.  When  the  Queen  was  made 
aware  of  the  young  lady*3  presence. 

She  commanded  my  Larly  of  Warwick 

that  my  sister  should  k^cp  lier  chamber; 

whereupon,  being  greatly  troubled  in  my- 

seU",    I    watebed    when    the   Queen    hiid 

supped   to   have   Bome  speech  with  her, 

which  t  bad  at  hurge,  yet  still  she  giving 

occasion  thereof.     H«r  excuse  w&Sj  first, 

she  knew  not  of  my  sister's  coming ;  and, 

b««idei,  the  jealousy  that  the  world  wuukl 

conceive,  that  all  her  kindness  to  my  sister 

■        was  done  for  love  of  niy&elf.     Such  bad 

B        excuses  gave  me  a  theme  large  enough, 

H        both  for  answer  of  them,  and  to  tell  her 

H        what  the  true  causes  wei^e  x  why  she  would 

K         GisiiT.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX, 


offer  thi^  disgrace  both  to  me  and  to  my 
sister,  whieh  was  only  to  please  that  knave 
Ralegh,  for  whose  sake  ]  sftir  she  would 
both  grieve  mc  and  my  lave,  and  diigrace 
me  in  the  eye  of  the  world. 

Frcim  thence  she  casae  to  speak  of 
Ralegh ;  and  it  seemed  she  could  not  well 
eitJure  auytbing  to  be  spoken  aje^oJagt  liim; 
and  taking  hold  of  one  word,,  di^doini  she 
said  there  was  no  »ueli  cause  whj  I  should 
dii^dain  hiai,.  This  speech  did  trouble  me 
so  much,,  that,  as  near  a^  I  could ^^  f  did 
descrihe  unto  her  what  he  had  been,  and 
what  he  was  ;  and  then  I  did  k-t  her  know 
whether  I  had  cause  to  disdiiin  his  com- 
petition of  love,  or  whedier  I  couUl  have 
comfort  to  give  myself  over  to  the  Bervic^ 
of  a  miiitress  that  was  in  awe  of  such  a 
man.  I  spake,  what  of  grief  and  choler* 
as  much  against  him  as  I  conUb  and  I 
think  he,  standing  at  the  door,  might  very 
well  hear  the  worts t  that  I  spoke  of  him- 
self* In  the  endf  I  saw  she  was  resoKcd 
to  defend  him  and  to  cross  me.  From 
tlieiice  slie  came  to  speak  bitterly  against 
ray  mother,  which,  because  I  could  not 
endure  to  see  me  and  my  house  dit^g^raced 
(the  only  tnatter  which  both  her  choler  and 
the  practice  of  mine  enemies  had  to  work 
upon),  I  told  her,  for  my  sister  she  should 
not  any  longer  disquiet  her;  I  would, 
though  it  were  almos^t  midnight,  send  her 
away  that  night;  and  im  myself*  I  had 
no  joy  to  be  in  any  place,  hut  loth  to  he 
near  about  her,  when  I  knew  my  a  Section 
BO  much  thrown  down,  ond  sttch  a  wretch 
as  Kalegh  highly  esteemed  of  her.  To 
this  she  made  not  answer,  hut  turned  her 
away  to  ray  Lady  of  Warwick.  So  at  that 
late  hour  1  sent  my  men  away  with  my 
sister;  and  after,  1  cnme  hither  myself. 
This  strange  alteration  is  by  Ralegh* s 
means  ;  and  the  Queen,  that  has  tried  all 
other  ways,  now  will  Bee  whi^tlier  she  can 
by  those  hai'd  courses  drive  me  to  be 
friends  with  Ridegh,  which  rather  shall 
drive  me  to  many  other  extremities. 

If  you  come  hither  by  twelve  of  the 
clock,  I  would  fain  ^peak  with  you.  My 
resolntion  will  let  me  take  no  longer  time. 
I  will  be  this  night  at  Margate  ;  and,  if  I 
can,  I  will  ship  myself  for  the  Flufihing, 
1  will  see  Sluys  lost  or  relieved,  which 
cannot  be  yet,  but  is  now  ready  to  be 
done.  If  1  return,  1  will  be  welcomed 
home ;  if  not,  una  Itelia  morire  is  better 
than  a  disquiet  life.  This  course  may  seem 
strange,  but  the  extreme  unkind  dealing 
with  mc  drives  me  to  it.  My  friends  will 
make  the  beat  of  it ;  mine  encroica  cannot 
say  it  is  un honest ;  the  danger  is  mine,  and 
I  am  content  to  abide  the  worst.  What- 
soever becomes  of  me,  God  grant  her  to 
be  ever  most  happy. 

Essex  did  not  effect  hh  purpose. 
2K 


250 


Tiie  Devereux  Earls  of  Essex, 


[March, 


Sir  Robert  Gary,  who  was  sent  after 
him  bj  the  Queen,  overtook  him  at 
Sandwich,  in  the  act  of  embarcation, 
and  delivered  the  Queen's  commands 
to  him  to  return.  In  1587  Essex  was 
appointed  Master  of  the  Horse,  and  in 
the  year  following  general  of  the  horse 
levied  to  repel  me  Armada.  In  that 
same  year  he  was  installed  K.G.  and 
after  the  death  of  Leicester  reigned 
supreme  in  the  favour  of  the  Queen. 
But  he  was  not  a  man  to  be  tied  to  the 
apron-strings  even  of  a  royal  mistress. 
Attendance  at  court,  and  the  constant 
humouring  of  the  fancies  of  a  spoilt  and 
wayward  old  woman,  became  intoler- 
able. An  expedition  was  fitting  out  to 
harass  the  Spaniards  and  assist  Don 
Antonio  in  tne  recovery  of  Portugal. 
Essex  determined  to  join  it.  Leave 
to  go  was  a  thing  not  to  be  obtained. 
He  determined  therefore  to  go  without. 
One  of  Captain  Devereux's  new  letters 
gives  the  history  of  his  escape. 

My  Lord,  upon  Thursday  night  last 
(3rd  April),  with  one  Reynolds,  a  gentle- 
man of  his  chamber,  and  another  that  kept 
his  hunting-horses,  betwixt  five  and  six  of 
the  clock,  took  horse  in  St.  James's  Park. 
My  Lord  desired  my  Lord  Rich  to  stay  in 
his  chamber,  and  he  would  come  to  sup- 
per with  him.  But  my  L.  is  gone  to  Ply- 
mouth, and,  I  fear,  away  with  the  fleet  to 
Porting&le ;  for  two  posts  came  to  him 
that  day  from  Plymouth,  and  from  Exeter 
to  Plymouth  laid  his  post-horses  ready. 
Sir  Francis  KnoUys,  his  uncle,  the  next 
day  went  post  after  him,  with  letters  to 
stay  him ;  but  I  fear  he  could  not  reach 
him,  for  my  L.  was  at  Plymouth  before 
Saturday  morning,  when  his  uncle  was  not 
half  way ;  and  he  told  his  man  that  kept 
his  horses  and  brought  them  back  again, 
that  he  would  not  stay  two  hours  in  Ply- 
mouth,  howsoever  the  wind  was  ;  for  if 
the  wind  were  contrary  he  would  drag  out 
the  pinnace  that  was  left  for  him,  and,  as 
we  can  learn,  the  whole  fleet  went  away  on 
Friday  morning.  My  Lord  Huntingdon 
upon  Friday  night  went  after  him  also, 
and  how  they  speed  we  know  not  yet. 
But  he  that  brought  back  the  horses  which 
carried  my  L.  eighty  miles  and  eight, 
brought  my  Lord  Rich  a  letter,  and  the 
keys  of  his  desk,  wherein  there  was  letters 
above  forty,  of  my  L.  his  own  handwriting, 
to  the  Queen,  the  Council,  and  other  of 
his  friends  in  court,  and  his  servants,  with 
resolution  not  to  be  stayed  by  any  com- 
mandment excepting  death. 

Essex  accomplished  his  journey  to 
Plymouth  by  Saturday  morning,  and 


early  on  Sunday  took  his  departure  in 
the  Swiftsure.  The  same  day,  but  some 
hours  after  he  had  sailed.  Sir  Francis 
Knollvs  arrived  with  his  letters  "  to 
stay  him."  Finding  the  bird  flown, 
Sir  Francis  put  to  sea  afler  him  in  a 
pinnace,  but  was  driven  back  by  stress 
of  weather.  The  next  day,  the  wind 
having  moderated,  he  sailed  again,  but 
Essex  was  already  far  away,  and  for 
more  than  a  month  remained  altoo^ether 
unheasd  of.  When  Norris  and  Drake 
fell  in  with  him,  the  wind  blew  too 
strong  from  the  east  for  him  to  think 
of  going  back  again.     So  he  took  his 

Eart  in  all  their  adventures,  issued 
oyish  bombastic  challenges  which  the 
Spaniards  treated  with  proper  con- 
tempt, shared  bravely  in  all  real  dan- 
gers, and  no  doubt  very  much  enjoyed 
himself,  until 4he  4th  of  June,  when, 
the  business  being  at  an  end,  he  re- 
ceived a  peremptory  order  from  the 
Queen  commanding  his  instant  return. 

The  Queen*s  state  of  mind  during 
his  absence,  and  the  life  she  led  those 
around  her,  may  be  guessed.  On  his 
return  every  thmg  was  forgotten  and 
forgiven.  Joy  at  his  safety,  joy  in  his 
company,  and  joy  in  listening  to  his 
adventures,  cleared  away  all  clouds — 
for  a  little  while. 

From  this  date  Captain  Devereux 
has  the  advantage  of  a  valuable  series 
of  unpublished  Essex  letters  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  Hulton ;  forty-three, 
all  written  by  this  Earl.  Many  of 
them  add  greatly  to  the  value  of  this 
book. 

Essex's  next  quarrel  with  the  Queen 
was  on  account  of  his  marriage  with 
Sir  Philip  Sydney's  widow.  That  was 
scarcely  over  when  in  1591  he  went 
into  France  with  a  contingent  of  Eng- 
lish troops,  sent  to  aid  in  the  siege  of 
Rouen.  His  letters  of  ardent  affection 
addressed  to  the  Queen  during  this 
absence  were  rewarded  by  all  kinds  of 
misconstructions.  He  did  not  write 
often  enough ;  he  did  not  do  what  he 
was  directed ;  he  exposed  himself  too 
much  to  danger ;  nothing  he  did  was 
right ;  he  fell  ill,  and  then  he  was  com- 
manded instantly  to  return.  He  did 
so,  and  was  received  with  "  words." 
When  one  thinks  of  the  character  of 
Essex  it  is  marvellous  that  he  so  Ions 
submitted  to  the  treatment  he  received 
from  his  fond,  foolish,  wayward  old 
mistress.     Afler  a  time  he  got  per- 


1853.] 


The  Devermu?  EarU  of  Euex, 


mission  to  return  to  France,  being 
**  traosported  with  the  humour  of  the 
journej,"but  the  Queen  6i\\\  teiuedand 
plagued  him.  At  lenj^ih  the  rumour 
reached  England  thut  tm  hifectious 
disorder  had  broken  out  amongst  his 
troope.  The  Privy  Council,  who  had 
before  been  employed  to  charge  the 
Lord  General  not  to  expose  himself  to 
danger^  were  now  cotnmnuded  to  order 
hiiii  peremptorily  and  insJtantly  to  re- 
turn home. 

There   are   «ome   new  letters   here 

respecting  Essex's  interference  on  be- 

I  half  of  Davison,  but  none  relating  to 

[  that  for   Francis   Bacon.     The  story 

\  resnecting  Bacon  is  told,  but  not  quite 

fully  nor  fairly.     The  same  remarks 

Epiy  to  the  estrangement  between 
sex  and  the  Ceci lis,  arising  out  of  his 
[  intenne<ldling  with  political  oflairs. 
Then  ibl lowed  the  expedition  to  Cndiz, 
I  his  return,  the  iiublic  quarrel*  and  the 
[blow.  On  all  these  subjects  there  are 
riiew  and  valuable  letters.  We  will 
l^ve  one  of  tho^e  derived  from  the 
IBuUon  collection.  It  is  addressed  by 
r£s^ex  to  the  Queen,  after  he  had 
I  tamed  his  back  upon  her  and  ishe  had 
Iftruck  him. 

Mmlntn,— When  I  think  how  I  have 
Jjreferretl  your  beauty  above  oil  thiagv, 
EinJ  received  no  pleasure  m  life  but  by  the 
Emcreft^*  of  your  fsvour  towrtrda  me,  I 
bonder  ot  mjself  what  cause  there  could 
b^e  to  mftke  me  absent  myself  one  day  from 
yoo.  But  when  I  remember  that  your  Maj. 
hath,  by  the  intolerable  wrong  yom  have^ 
done  both  me  and  yourself,  not  only 
broken  all  laws  of  affeciiout  but  done 
■g»nat  Che  honour  of  your  sex,  t  thiuk  all 
plaoea  better  thou  that  where  I  am,  aud 
all  dAiigcrs  well  undertaken,  so  I  might 
retire  myself  from  tlie  memory  of  my  foJse, 
incoDitaut}  and  beguiUug  pleasureii.  I  am 
sorry  to  write  thu«  much,  for  I  cannot 
think  your  mind  ao  dishonourable  hut  that 
you  puaiftb  yourself  for  it,  how  little  ao- 
e?er  you  care  for  me.  But  1  desire,  what* 
soever  falls  out,  that  your  Mo,},  should  be 
without  excuse,  you  knowing  yourself  to 
be  the  cBuse,  and  all  the  world  wondering 
at  the  efloct.  I  was  never  proud  till  your 
Maj.  nought  to  make  me  too  base.  And 
DOW,  since  my  destiny  is  no  better,  my 
despair  shall  be  as  my  love  waa,  without 
repentance.  I  will  as  a  subject  and  an 
humble  servant  owe  my  life,  my  fortune^ 
and  all  that  is  in  me ;  but  this  place  is 
not  fit  for  me,  for  she  which  govorns  this 
world  U  weary  of  me,  and  I  of  the  world* 
I  Btiut  commeDd  my  faith  to  be  judged  by 


251 

Huu  who  judgeth  ail  heart*,  Kioce  on 
e-arth  I  find  no  right,  Wishing  your  Maj, 
all  comforU  and  joys  iu  the  world,  and  no 
greater  punkhmtnt  for  your  wrooga  to 
me  thaij  to  know  the  faith  of  him  you 
have  lost,  and  the  baaeness  of  tliose  you 
shall  keep, 

Your  Majciity's  most  humble  tervant^ 
R.  £ss«x< 
ill    ihia  and  all  the   letters  which 
EsaeJt  addressed  to  the  Queen,  there 
is  one  radical  defect ;  a  delect  incoti- 
!»i9tent  with  genuine  honesty  and  man- 
liness of  ehiiracter,     Wc  allude  to  the 
ailly  (lattery  about  her  majesty's  beauty. 
The  people  about  her  at  an  early  period 
of  her  life,  when  she  had  some  beauty 
to  praise*  found  out  that  ahe  waa  weaic 
enough  to  be  pleased  with  auch  non- 
sense.  Erery  one  who  approached  her 
doseil  her  with  it*     Her  aopetite  grew 
by  what  it  fed  upon.     The  wish  for 
praise,  Irom  being  the  mere  expres- 
sion  of  a  feminine  feeling  of  vanity, 
became  a  lust,  a  passion.  Such  flattery 
answered  in  her  case  to  the  gift  in  the 
hmid  without  which  no  one  can  ap- 
proach an  eastern  despot.  Who  praised 
most  highly  was  the  most  welcome  to 
her ;  and  the  older  she  grew,  and  the 
more  absurd  such   folly  became,  the 
less  willing  was  s^he  to  part  with  what 
she  had  come  to  look  upon  as  her  ac* 
cti5toiued  due.  But  i^enstble  men  ought 
not  to  have  condescended  to  humour 
and  encourage   such    childish   weak- 
DCSiS.     That   they   did   so,  is  an  evi- 
dence how  jirinces  are  served.     Such 
a  surrender  of  common  sense  and  faith- 
fulness brought  with  it  its  own  pun- 
ishment, and  no  nmn,  irom  his  pecu* 
liar  character,  can  possibly  have  suf- 
fered more  in  that  way  than  Essex. 
The  mistress  whom  he  tlattered  and 
pretended  to  adore,  tyrannised   over 
him  and  tormented  him   in  all  the  un- 
reasonable ways  which  are  laughed  at 
and  forgiven  in  a  love-sick  girl.  When 
the   chain  galled  him   and  he  com«^ 
plained,    she  assumed   the  airs  of  a 
despised    and   haughty   beauty.     Re- 
doubled   ilattery    was    the    unmanly 
meann  by  which  he  soup;ht  to  restore 
himself  to  her  favour.     Submission  on 
hiB  part  oc**nf*ioned  increased  demands 
on  be  It*,  and  when  at  length  he  would 
submit  no  longer,  veberuent  anger  took 
the  place  of  love^  and  in  her  rage  she 
even  consenteil  to  the  death  of  him  who 
hod  been  but  lately  the  object  of  her 


252 


The  Dcvereujt  Earls  of  Esse jc. 


pussioimlc  rogariJ.  Tho  melahcbuly  talc 
of  his  crimiaal  jind  aelfiah  folly,  and  lier 
violent  ami  miserable  cruelty,  iu  tlic 
exercise  ol'  whidi  thej  were  both  the 
puppets  of  people  cohler  rticI  more 
CEnning  than  tliemselvef')  is  told  by 
Cuplrtin  Devcreux,  with  fei'liiig  but 
not  with  fullxiesy,  nor  without  mis- 
takes; but  with  siraplicily  ainl  plnin- 
Dess  which  are  pieturcfitiuc  and  touch- 
ing. Cajitain  Devcrcux  seems  to  be- 
lieve in  the  f^tory  of  the  ring;  but  the 
evidence  he  adduces  is  t?iirely  not 
enough  to  justify  hii*  faith.  We  have 
not  Bpace  to  enter  upon  the  question, 
but  would  beg  him  to  reconsider  thnt 
piirt  of  hit!  book. 

When  Essex  psiid  the  forfeit  of  his 
life,  bis  only  son  was  at  Eton.  Thenee 
be  was  removed  to  Merton  coUegCt  that 
bt"  might  be  under  the  care  of  the 
warden,  the  famous  Sir  llcury  Suvile, 
who,  for  his  father's  sake^  received  him 
into  his  own  apartments  mjd  carefully 
superintended  his  education.  At  fif- 
teen the  troubles  of  bis  lite  began  iu 
tho  Ui<ualKs3cx  way.  lie  was  nnirried 
to  Frances  IIowar<l,  daughter  of  the 
Karl  of  Suffolk,  The  infamous  story 
of  their  divorce,  wlilch  is  known 
thi'oughout  the  world,  attests  how  fatal 
to  lib  peace  this  marriage  was.  Such 
A  proceeding  could  not  but  exercise  a 
malign  inliuence  upon  the  fortunes  and 
chm-aeter  of  ii  young  nobleman.  It 
threw  Ifcim  into  tlie  shade.  For  .several 
years  nothing  was  heard  of  him.  He 
was,  moreover,  a  cohl,  calm,  stern, 
i!iulenin  man,  not  fitted  to  shine  at  a 
court,  and  was  consequently  disliked 
there.  He  found  a  resource  in  military 
bcrvice.  \Vlienever  an  armament  was 
to  be  fitted  out  Essex  procured  cni- 
ploymeut,  und  \n  the  wars  of  the  pa- 
latmate  soon  aci quired  reputation  as  a 
bmve  and  ikilfnl  soltlier.  In  Iti'K), 
seventeen  years  after  his  divorce,  be 
ogaitt  encountered  tlie  landly  spell,  by 
a  Mcond  marriage*  It  %Tas  in  vain* 
He  had  one  child,  which  died ;  and 
after  six  years  his  wife  was  .surprised 
gallanting  with  Sir  Wilbani  U vedale, 
ix  dasihing  young  courtier.  A  separa- 
iion  ensued,  and  again  all  liope  of 
domestic  comfort  for  a  Ocvereux  Es- 
sex wa*  at  an  end.  In  1G39  he  served 
the  King  in  his  war  against  the  cove- 
nanters. He  ^eeurec!  Benvick  at  a 
critical  moment  by  a  forced  march,  and 
was  requited  with  an  alTrout.  Cliajlcn 
luherited  Lis  fathers  dislike  of  his  cold 


[March, 


and  stately  general^  itud  Essex'a  gre&t 
popularity  and  his  little  fondness  lor 
bishop:^  probably  added  to  hi 5  sove- 
reign s  antipathy. 

When  the  Long  Parliament  met,  the 
Earl  of  Esj^ex  threw  iu  his  lot  with  the 
movement  party,  lie  desired  redress 
of  grievances,  civil  and  ecclesiastical, 
but  bad  no  idea  that  iu  seeking  them 
he  was  inevitably  putting  himself  into 
the  position  of  cojnmander  of  an  army 
against  his  sovereign.  He  would  have 
scorned  the  very  tliought.  *'  Is  iby 
servant  a  dog  that  lie  should  do  tfiis 
great  thing  ?'^  And  yet,  in  the  order  and 
sLicceHsion  of  events,  this  result  came  al- 
most as  td' course,  Chu  endon  saj's,  that 
Essex  thought  he  should  liave  been  able 
to  control  the  parliament.  He  nii^bt 
have  done  so,  had  not  men  more  active 
and  daring,  men  of  higher  genius  and 
more  brilliant  powers,  arisen  out  of  the 
confusions  of  the  time,  eclipsed  him  in 
popularity,  and  controlltia  both  the 
parliament  and  tbcir  general.  The 
self-denying  ordinance  deprived  hini 
of  his  command,  and  death,  the  result 
of  i<i\ii\\  came  upon  him  shortly  al\er- 
wards*  Ho  was  interred  with  much 
stale  in  Westminster  Abbey,  in  St. 
John  Baptii^t^s  Chap  el,  but  the  spot  la 
unmarked  by  any  memorial. 

Captain  Devereux  has  introduced  a 
few  letters  of  this  Earl  from  the  SU^te 
Paper  Office ;  but  he  was  a  jmor  writer, 
as  weli  as  a  bad  speaker:  intellectually^ 
and  in  every  way,  a  man  of  mediocrity, 
who  woidd  never  have  been  heard  of 
out  of  the  [>eeragc,  save  for  his  miser- 
able marriages  and  the  circumstJincc 
of  hi.H  having  commanded  tlie  parlia- 
mentary arnjy.  ^'^ines,  iji  tlie  sermon 
E reached  at  liis  funeral,  which  Captain 
►evcrcuxdoe?  not  mention,  says  of  him, 
*'  No  ]iroclamation  of  treason  could  cry 
him  down,  no  threatening  standard 
daunt  bim.  In  that  misty  morning 
when  men  knew  not  each  the  other, 
whetlier  friend  or  foe,  he,  by  his  arising, 
dispelled  the  fog^  an>l  by  his  very 
name  commimdcd  thousanos  into  your 
service.  Such  as  were  for  Reforma- 
tion, and  groaned  under  pressures  for 
rehgion,  !ie  took  by  the  hand  and  they 
him ;  such  ns  were  patriots,  and  would 
stand  up  for  common  libcrlics,  be  took 
by  the  hand  and  they  him;  anrl  so  he 
became  the  bond  or  knot  of  both,  us 
the  axle-tree  of  the  world  upon  which 
both   the  poles   do  move,  Ai«ji   xuii 

MLST  BE  lUSnOKOlB  AU»M;  rOR  EVltll." 


I 


2^3 


PRA  DOLCINO  AND  HIS  TIMES. 
Frk  Dolcioo  aad  His  Times.     By  L,  Manotti. 


OFTEN,  wliile  reading  tlie  history 
of  thii  poorer  Christian  sectaries  of  the 
middle  ages,  a  degree  of  compiisaion 
has  sprung  up  in  our  hearts,  ivhich 
we  have  never  experieuced  wlien  con- 
templuiing  tbc  hiftier  march  to  mur- 
tyrdom  of  those  more  advimced  spirits 
who  at  a  Inter  time  encountered  all 
tbe  tcrrons  of  crowned  and  mitred 
tyranny.  That  there  were  some,  even 
among  the  very  simplest  of  the  fa- 
natics of  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth 
ceDturies,  ^icourged  and  hunted  out 
of  society  for  their  heresies  of  doc^ 
trine  or  didciplinCf  whose  rebellion 
again^it  the  Church  was  not  unreu^on- 
ing,  but  who  had  a  short,  clear,  and 
sharp  answer  enough  to  give  to  those 
who  (questioned  them  about  the  "  faith 
that  was  in  them,"  we  do  not  deny ; 
but,  generally  speaking:,  we  look  upon 
them  as  unhappy  victimsj  whose  lot  it 
was  to  deatroy  and  be  destroyed  for 
they  did  not  well  know  what.  Their 
doom  it  waa  to  drive  on  the  world  a 
little  further  in  its  progress,  through 
blood  and  anarchy,  to  better  things. 
Of  how  many  of  these  men,  leaders  aud 
folio werii  in  the  numerous  popular  in* 
surrcctions  of  the  centuries  we  have 
purtieulurly  noted,  it  may  bo  said  that 
they  were  "  born,"  in  their  religious 
views  at  least,  "out  of  due  time  1" 
They  had  got  their  insight  into  the 
Church'd  sine,  and,  indeed,  the  men- 
dicant orders  had  helped  to  enlighten 
them  with  regard  to  these ;  but  how 
!>Ulcr  was  the  disappointment  and  in- 
dignation when  those  very  men  turned 
into  their  worst  persecutors  !^ — ivhen 
the  Methodist  friar  became  a  far  more 
dangerous  foe  than  the  titled  and 
settled  Clergyman,  because  the  Ibrmer 
knew  the  people's  ways,  and  sat  at  their 
tiresides,  and  was  privy  to  all  their 
lurking  discontents.  Then  it  was  that 
the  lowest  and  most  ignorant  classes 
were  stirred  up  against  the  Church, 
and  every  year  ivUnessed  to  the  birth 
gf  some  new  progeny  of  dissent,  dilTer- 
ing  more  or  less  in  feature,  but  wearing 
tlie  same  general  form,  **  The  Brethren 
of  the  Free  Spirit,"  t!ie  desceudautij  of 
the  AJbigcnscs ;  ^*  The  Poor  Mt^n  of 
Lyons,"  "The  Order  of  the  Apostles," 


afler wards  the  LoUnrds^ — all,  and  many 
others,  furnish  proof  that  the  peoples 
hearts  were  turning  against  the  clergy ; 
that  they  felt  the  practical  burdens 
imposed  on  them,  anti  were  ready  to  do 
all  tfiat  at  this  time  they  well  could  do 
agai  nst  them.  They  rebelled  and  tbugbt, 
sometimes  under  regular  leaders,  hei'e- 
retical  ant!  warlike ;  and  sometimesJ 
they  did  cruel  private  bLittlc  for  them- 
selves, Uidiappj,  yet  not  ignoble  pro- 
testers ;  so  unable  to  reason,  yet  so 
willing  to  die  !  In  their  semi-barbarous 
state,  the  Inquisition  their  only  school, 
and  the  rack  and  burning  pile  the  in- 
struments of  their  correction,  one  does 
not  well  see  how  Ihey  were  to  find  the 
holy  paths  of  gospel  truth. 

It  is  ever  a  painful  task  to  look 
back  on  these  passages  in  Christian 
history.  One  needs  all  one's  faith  in 
the  retributive  judgments  of  God,  and 
all  one's  knowledge  of  tbc  mitigations 
which  Clirialianity  was,  slowly,  and 
hardly  *'  with  observation,"  bringing 
on  in  the  general  lot  of  men,  to  make 
it  other  than  a  study  revolting  to 
heart  and  mind.  Far  otherwise  is  it 
when  the  eye  rests  upon  Wy cl if le,  in 
his  Lutterworth  parsonage,  carefully 
preparing  his  translation  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, and  earnestly  preaching  sound 
sense  to  his  people ;  while  he  shrunk 
not  from  exposing  the  evils  of  the 
highest  powers  in  Uie  land — far  other- 
wise in  viewing  the  career  of  Huss  or 
Jerome  of  Prague,  or  Savonarola  or 
Luther, 

The  volume  which  hns  more  im* 
mediately  suggested  these  thoughts  is 
a  curious  and  highly-interesting  re- 
cently published  one ;  it  treats  of  the 
life  and  times  of  Frfi  Dolcioo,  one  of 
those  Italian  heresiarchs  of  the  begin- 
ning of  the  fourteenth  century,  whose 
very  name  has  till  now  scarcely  reached 
US  m  England,  but  who  has  been  the 
subject  of  a  good  deal  of  intjuiry  in 
Germany,  and  whose  career  is  glanced 
at  by  Dante  in  one  of  those  passing 
notices,  almost  awful  from  their  so- 
lemn brevity,  still  more  so  from  the 
assurance  they  bring  of  an  immortabty 
for  goo<l  or  for  evil  confeiTed  on  them, 
so  long  as  the  great  Ftorentine'a  work^ 


254 


Frd  Dolcino  and  his  Times. 


[March, 


shall  endure.  A  considerable  part  of 
the  life  of  Frk  Dolcino,  and  of  his  im- 
mediate predecessor,  Sagarelli,  who  was 
the  founder  of  the  sect  of  the  Apostles, 
is  mythical,  and  the  sources  to  which 
we  must  go  when  we  would  read  the 
story  are  suspicious,  from  the  cowardice 
as  well  as  decided  prejudices  of  the 
writers.  Thus,  Muratori,  while  pro- 
fessing to  give  an  account  of  Dolcino, 
is  most  anxious  not  to  be  suspected 
of  participation  in  his  errors;  and 
Mosheim,  who  afterwards  dedicated  a 
work  to  the  History  of  the  Order  of  the 
Apostles,  though  characterised  by  the 
present  biographer  as  having  left  us 
little  to  desire  in  the  way  of  minute 
research,  betrays  an  insufficient  ac- 
quaintance with  Italian  political  his- 
tory and  a  want  of  generalization.  We 
have,  however,  other,  though  brief, 
sketches  from  the  hands  of  Dante's 
earliest  commentators,  and,  recently, 
works  by  Schlosser,  by  Baggiolini  and 
by  Dr.  Julius  Krone  have  appeared,  of 
more  or  less  value  for  accuracy  and 
fairness. 

What  we  gather  from  these  various 
.  writers,  here  examined  by  M.  Mariotti, 
we  shall  endeavour  to  put  into  our  own 
words ;  but  we  ought  to  premise  that 
there  is  a  tendency  in  the  biographer 
to  make  the  best  of  the  hero ;  and,  with 
every  allowance  for  the  prejudices  of 
adversaries,  we  confess  the  evidence  is 
on  the  whole  unfavourable.  It  pre- 
sents, however,  several  very  interesting 
points  for  our  notice.  So  also,  but  in  a 
less  degree,  does  that  of  his  forerunner, 
Sagarelli,  the  founder  of  the  sect,  to 
whom  we  must  first  briefly  advert. 

He  was  a  labourer  ana  small  pro- 
prietor, owning  a  little  property  in 
Parma.  He  came  forward  first  about 
the  year  1260,  and  was  put  to  death  in 
1300.  Weak  and  wild,  and  exceeding 
most  even  of  the  reigning  saints  of  the 
Romish  Church  in  austerity,  he  did  not 
at  once,  however,  make  an  impression 
on  the  people.  Perhaps  his  idea,  odd 
as  it  was,  of  humiliation  and  self-educa- 
tion might  engross  him  too  much  to 
make  him  an  effective  preacher.  A 
young  man  who  could  put  himself  \xiU) 
a  cradle  and  out  to  nurse  like  an  in- 
fant in  imitation  of  the  childish  years 
of  the  Saviour,  could  hardly  at  the 
same  time  be  an  honoured  Apostle; 
and  thus  for  three  or  four  years  it  is 
said  he  made  no  conrerts ;  for  some  time 


longer,  only  one ;  afterwards  they  in- 
creased more  rapidly — thirty  persons 
being  added  withm  a  year.  These  were 
of  the  dregs  of  the  people,  however  ; 
but,  passing  on  into  the  territories  of 
Romagna,  Modena,  and  Fuenza,  they 
gained  both  in  numbers  and  conse- 
quence. Attempts  were  made  in  the 
latter  place  at  a  better  organization ; 
some  of  the  sect  wished  to  set  aside 
Sagarelli,  and  elect  another  leader,  but 
this  occasioned  a  division,  and  in  the 
end  the  two  opposing  parties  took  down 
their  idols,  and  reinstated  Sagarelli, 
who  from  this  time  held  rule  over  his 
order  up  to  his  death  in  1300. 

In  consequence  probably  of  the  belief 
entertained  of  the  feebleness  of  Saga- 
relli*s  intellect,  he  did  not  excite  for 
some  time  any  violent  opposition,  so 
that  though  from  the  year  1290  he  was 
several  times  summoned  before  the 
bishop  and  the  inquisitor,  he  was 
leniently  dealt  with,  even  on  an  oc- 
casion when  four  of  his  followers  were 
burnt.  At  length,  however,  when 
banished,  he  ventured  to  return  to 
his  native  country  without  leave,  it 
was  no  longer  possible  to  overlook  his 
contumacy,  and  he  was  led  to  the  stake, 
where  miracles  were  reported  to  have 
been  performed  in  his  honour. 

What  he  taught  we  naturally  ask. 
It  seems  to  us  that  at  first  both  he  and 
his  disciples  took  a  negative  rather  than 
a  positive  course.  They  declined  ffoing 
to  mass  or  to  confess — they  believed 
themselves  and  all  Christians  to  be 
alike  priests  of  the  Lord.  They  re- 
cited the  Apostles'  Creed,  they  preached 
to  whoever  would  hear  them,  paraded 
the  streets  and  sung  hymns.  Irobably 
one  of  their  most  real  offences,  we 
should  now  say,  was  idleness.  They 
professed  the  purest  morals.  Hie 
women  who  joined  them  were  as  sisters 
only — the  children  in  their  body  were 
all  adopted.  Of  course  they  were  ac- 
cused of  foul  malpractices ;  but  until 
the  pressure  of  extreme  famine  and 
misery  turned  them  into  savages  we 
have  no  proof  of  immorality.  They 
were  considered  as  half  Waldenses, 
half  Catharii.  They  maintained  their 
orthodoxy,  and  called  themselves  of 
the  true  Church,  which  necessarily 
placed  them  in  hostility  to  the  Romish, 
from  which  the  spirit  they  said  had 
departed,  while  they  were  the  real  re- 
presentatiyes  of  the  aposties.     Some 


18530 


JFra  Dolcitio  and  hU 


255 


ol'  them  also  pretended  i^  tlje  gift  of 
jiropheoj,  and  most  professed  to  in- 
terpret  a1  ready  given  pro  pb  ecy .  Where 
was  the  Reformer  who  did  not  ?  Wy- 
clilFc  and  Knox,  clear,  hjird-headed 
mei))  certainty  did ;  still  Diore  was  it 
likely  that  they  who,  like  Sagarelli  and 
DolcinOi  were  closely  surrounded  on 
every  side  by  the  pretensions  of  the 
Church  to  perpetual  inspiration,  and 
the  legends  of  its  saints,  every  one  of 
whom  had  his  pariieuloi^  revelation, 
would  appropriate  at  times  the  lan- 
guage ol  the  ancient  prophets.  But 
now  we  must  sjieak  of  a  nmn  far  su- 
perior to  Sagarelli,  and  it  shall  be  in 
M.  Majriotti's  words  : — 

No  poor  illiterate  fanatic  was  Dolcino. 
Nothing  more  different  than  \m  chaiiicter 
from  that  of  hi«  ill-gtarred  precursor. 
Wherever  he  went,  hit  presence  was  soon 
— too  aoon — ^made  manifeiit  by  its  pro- 
digtotu  eflectii.  Hin  fiery  speech  was 
omnipotent  viith  the  uneducated  clostes, 
but  neither  was  it  lost  upon  men  of  high 
hirth  and  considerable  literary  attainments, 
One  of  his  elders,  Longiuu,  of  Bergamo* 
belonged  to  the  noble  family  of  the  Cat* 
taneo ;  nor  was  be  the  onlj  one  of  that 
rank.  Dolcino— we  have  it  from  autho- 
rity of  his  own  enemies — was  conversant 
with  the  SeriptnreSr  which  he  could  quote 
familifirly  and  by  heart — those  Scriptures 
which  Innocent  III.  bad  about  one  hun- 
dred yeara  before  strictly  and  formally 
withdrawn  from  the  multitude.  Il  was 
from  that  fiource  mainly  that  the  apostle 
drew  bis  arguments  ;  and  the  inspired 
tone  which  gave  his  language  all  its  inii- 
preasife  power  was  borrowed  from  the 
strains  of  Biblical  phraseology. 

ULs  followers  gave  him  credit  for  pro- 
phetic gifta,  we  are  told  ;  and  he  stood  up 
in  fact,  if  not  as  a  aeer,  at  least  as  an 
autborised  interpreter  of  prophecy.  He 
boasted  that  God^si  mind  was  revealed  to 
him^  with  an  assurance  that  could  only  be 
prompted  by  a  constant  direct  intercourse 
with  the  powers  of  he4ivcn.  Even  this 
prodigious  conceit  on  his  own  part,  how- 
ever,  we  may  have  good  reason  to  doubt. 
His  earnest  expectation  of  great  events 
may  have  been  construed  into  an  assump- 
tion of  supernatural  fatidical  fBLiilticB^  or 
by  the  snperstitious  veneration  of  his  fol- 
lowers, or  by  perverse  misrepresentation 
of  his  adversaries.  That  be  announced 
great  changes  ia  indeed  anqucationabie. 
But  he  reail  them  out  of  the  Book  of 
Revelation,  which  it  was  in  those  days 
the  fashion  of  every  man  to  hold  np  and 
exphuQ  aa  his  own  fancy  dictated.  For 
above  three  hundred  years  before  Dolcino, 


and  for  more  than  two  centuries  after  him » 
the  world  was  all  agog  with  wild  millon- 
narian  speculations.  Dolcino,  as  we  shall 
see,  started  nothing  new  i  he  only  an- 
nounced the  speedy  fulilment  of  pre- 
dictions that  were  current  in  every  man's 
mouth . — M  ari  otti . 

This  Fril  Dolcino  was  a  native  of 
the  diocese  of  Novara — Prato,  a  vil- 
lage on  the  Sesia,  being  pointed  at  aa 
bis  home.  That  exf|uisite  Val  Seaia, 
now  frc(|uently  visited  by  touristsi  was 
the  scene  of  many  of  hia  most  remark- 
able deeds,  and  *Met  no  one,"  says  a 
recent  traveller,  **  fancy  that  be  knows 
what  an  Alpine  valley  is,  in  all  its 
glory,  who  has  not  penetrated  this  one." 
Dolcino^s  father,  it  seems,  wiis  a  priest ; 
jiTid,  though  this  does  not  absolutely 
Imply  illegitimacy,  since  widowers  hav- 
ing children  are  allowed  to  take  priest's 
orders,  it  h  probable  that  his  birth  was 
not  regular.  He  bad  for  the  time  a 
good  education,  was  sent  to  a  Latin 
grammar  school  and  intended  for  the 
Church.  Some  juvenile  offence,  at  any 
rate  some  suspicion,  deprived  him  how- 
ever of  these  advantages.  lie  left 
Vercelli,  and  only  appears  (probably 
8ome  years  arterwards)  in  Trent. 
Here,  at  all  events,  he  embraced  the 
views  of  the  **  Apostles,"  and  soon 
after  the  death  oi  Sagarelli  in  ISOO 
he  dechireiy  that  he  has  been  for  six- 
teen years  one  of  them.  At  Trent  be 
also  must  have  foi^med  that  association 
with  Slart^aret  (generally  called  Mar- 
garet of  Trent)  which  continued  to 
the  last  of  their  joint  lives.  She  is 
represented  by  some  of  the  historians 
as  beautiful  and  wealthy,  and  resign- 
ing every  worldly  prospect  for  the  sake 
of  following  the  fortunes  and  the  doc- 
trine of  Dolcino.  Of  course  the  eccle- 
siastical writers  of  the  time,  and  for  a 
long  succeeding  time,  have  stigmatised 
the  connection  as  impure.  Dolcino 
himself  and  Margaret  and  their  nearest 
followers  always  asserted  its  entire 
freedom  from  earthly  taint.  Margaret 
was  called  u  "  sitter  dearly  beloved  be- 
yond all  bis  disciples."  Be  it  as  it 
may,  and  no  human  eye  can  now  ever 
|>euetrate  the  mystery,  the  sacrifice 
and  dauntless  heroism  of  this  woman 
stand  att-ested  by  friends  and  foes* 
We  know  very  litUe  of  Dok:ino*8  course 
till  we  find  him  a  leader  of  the  order 
about  the  year  IdOd  or  1304.  In  bis 
Inst    confession  indeed  he  speaks   of 


256 


Fra  Dolcino  and  his  Times. 


[March, 


having  three  times  fallen  into  the 
hands  of  his  enemies,  and  of  having 
escaped  by  baffling  their  questions. 
No  such  lot  was  now  in  store  for  him ; 
the  vigilance  of  the  Dominican  inqui- 
sitors nad  recently  been  fully  roused 
by  the  search  afler  Sagarelli,  and  they 
were  determined  not  to  spare  the  re- 
mains of  the  sect.  To  their  great  ex- 
asperation, so  far  from  a  diminution, 
they  soon  found  a  large  increase  of  the 
heretics.  Dolcino's  converts  were  of 
a  higher  class  than  Sagarelli*s ;  the  ver^ 
rector  of  Serravalle  and  many  of  his 
flock  were  with  him,  and  friendly 
shelter  was  given  him  in  the  house  of 
a  wealthy  countryman  in  Yal  Grande. 
Here,  however,  warned  that  his  ene- 
mies were  on  the  watch,  he  determined 
to  hide  no  longer,  but  plunge  into  de- 
cided and  open  warfare,  or  at  least 
to  establish  nimself  and  followers  in 
some  independent  position  where  they 
could  act  wr  themselves  freely,  accord- 
ing to  the  pressure  of  circumstances. 

His  first  position,  according  to  this 
resolve,  was  taken  up  at  the  top  of  a 
mountain,  believed  to  be  the  ridge 
called  "  Le  Alpi  del  Vallone  de  V3- 
nera.'*  Here,  not  only  his  host,  but 
many  of  the  wealthiest  families  in  the 
neighbourhood,  accompanied  him,  and 
here  they  built  huts  and  fortified 
themselves  as  well  as  they  could  against 
the  rigours  of  an  Alpine  winter ;  and 
to  this  position  it  may  be  concluded 
that  the  lines  of  Dante,  to  which  we 
must  now  refer,  especially  bear  allu- , 
sion.  The  words  arc  brief,  but  the 
meaning  clear ;  the  poet  puts  them  into 
"the  mouth  of  Mahomet,  who  being,  ac- 
cording to  the  popular  notion,  in  hell, 
sends  a  message  through  Dante   to 


Dolcino,  warning  him  that  unless  he 
stores  his  camp  well  with  necessary 
provisions,  he  (Dolcino)  will  soon  be 
sent  to  join  the  prophet  in  the  shades.* 

The  message,  however  disguised  and 
by  whatever  mouths  transmitted,  we 
believe  to  be  Dante's  own.  That  he 
himself  was  in  heart  and  feeling  one 
of  the  order  of  the  Apostles  can  scarcely 
be  doubted.  He  might  mean,  through 
the  poem,  to  transmit  to  the  heretic- 
warrior  suggestions  not  otherwise  easy 
to  be  conveyed.  The  date  at  all  events 
corresponds  pretty  nearly  with  that  in 
which  Dante  must  have  arrived  at  the 
composition  of  this  part  of  his  work, 
begun  in  1300,  and  continued  pretty 
nearly  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  The 
allusion  is  plainly  that  of  one  quite 
familiar  with  the  person  and  the  cir- 
cumstances ;  though  we  would  not  be 
understood  to  identity  the  great  Flo- 
rentine with  Dolcino  in  any  authenti- 
cated acts  which  are  reprehensible,  but 
only  as  holding  many  common  principles 
and  waging  war  with  the  same  enemies. 

After  tDolcino  had  remained  for 
some  time  encamped  on  his  mountain, 
Pope  Clement  the  Fifth,  instigated  by 
the  Bishop  of  Novara,  from  whose 
diocese  the  heretics  had  now  escaped, 
sent  some  Dominicans  to  try  what  ar- 
gument and  eloquence  could  do.  These 
being  found  wholly  in  vain,  and  the 
messengers  treated  with  contempt,  the 
next  step  was  to  promulgate  papal 
bulls  and  declare  war  against  Dolcino ; 
the  Pope  granting  to  any  one  who 
would  assist  in  this  warfare  the  same 
indulgences  as  attended  the  Crusaders 
in  Palestine.  An  invitation  like  this 
was  soon  responded  to,  and  an  oath 
was  taken  by  the  leaguers,  declaring 


*  The  words  are  these — 

Or  di'  a  Frk  Dolcino  dunque,  che  8*armi, 
Ta,  che  ferae  vedrai  il  sole  in  breve, 
S'egli  non  vuol  qu\  tosto  segaitarmi 
SI  di  vivanda,  che  stretta  di  neve 
Non  rechi  la  vittoria  al  Novarese 
Ch'  altrimenti  acquistar  non  saria  lieve. 


Translated— 


If^erno,  canto  xxviii. 


Thou  who  perchance 
Shalt  shortly  view  the  sun,  this  warning  thou 
Bear  to  Dolcino — bid  him,  if  he  wish  not 
Here  soon  to  follow  me,  that  with  good  store 
Of  food  he  arm  him,  lest  imprisoning  snows 
Yield  him  a  victim  to  Novara*8  power. 
No  easy  conqueit  else. 

Foseolo,  Duearto  850,  yp,  77,  90. 


1853.] 


J^'ra  Dolcitut  and  his  Times* 


257 


war  agiun^jt  Dolcino  and  lii^  follow- 
ers even  to  externii nation. 

On  the  near  upproacb  q£  these  for- 
midable enemies,  Dok-ino  removed  bis 
camp  to  a  far  more  desolate  and  inuc- 
cesBible  jiljice  called  even  now  Pare! 
Calva,  the  Mountain  of  the  Bare  ^\^vlL 
Here  in  tbid  sullen  and  dreory  region 
the  Apostles  are  said  to  have  dwelt  for 
a  whole  yeitr»  during  which  dine  they 
were  accused  of  many  cruel  acti^  both 
of  robbery,  arson,  and  murder.  It  is 
clear  indeed  that  their  p<»t3itioTi  sis  out- 
laws had  brought  them  much  into  the 
state  of  banditti.  Wbatcver  tbcir  ori- 
ginal  motives  might  have  beeH»  they 
were  now  goaded  into  madnesi*  by 
hunger  and  misery,  and  were  seourges 
and  scorpions  to  all  the  country  round. 
They  could  only  procure  provisions  by 
the  most  clesperate  means,  and  when 
they  cixmed  up  pnsoners  to  their 
heights  it  was  at  first  at  least  for  the 
iiake  of  ruiijom.  It  seem^j  very  clear 
that  the  evil  ingredienta  of  Dolciuo's 
character  now  predominated,  that  he 
l^ecame  ferocious,  unsparing,  and  des- 
perate. 

In  this  iJtate  he  performed  prodigies 
of  valour.  Driven  from  the  Mountain 
of  the  Bare  Wall,  he  sought  out  auother 
called  Mount  Zebello,  looking  down 
on  the  town  of  Trivero,  and  upon  this 
Iowa  he  made  an  unexpected  assault 
in  the  night,  pillugmg  its  churuh,  setting 
fire  to  bouses,  and  supplying  himself 
Ireely  with  necessaries,  carrying  also 
some  of  the  |x»opIe  into  captivity. 
Various  mana?uvres  were  attended  with 
partial  success,  buf,  his  cam[i  being 
overcharged  with  women  and  invalids, 
hunger  again  prevailed ;  yet  still  des- 
perate sdliea  were  made^  and  every 
success  brought  men  to  his  aid.  A 
war  most  destructive  to  the  regular 
forces  was  thus  sustained  for  many 
roontlis,  and  a  large  tract  of  country 
und  several  towns  were  in  Dolcino  s 
i  JiM&ession.  Hts  camps  occupied  six 
^licmn tain- tops,  from  whence  be  could 
command  a  great  range;  but,  the 
Bishop*^  forces  keeping  the  gates  of 
all  the  passes  below,  atarvation^  though 
slowly,  was  surely  approachi?»g,  and 
came  at  lust  in  its  most  horrible  forms. 
Inch  by  inch  the  "  Apostles "  dis- 
puteil  the  ground  i  every  species  of 
tmwholsesome   food  was  resorte^i  to* 


Even  cannibalism  had  its  terrible  houi'. 
"  Skeleton-like  and  almost  bUud,  they 
groped  about,  like  Count  Ugolioo  in 
the  Tower  of  F:tTuin;c — ^groped  among 
the  corpses  of  their  comrades," 

One  last  desperate  struggle  took 
phvf'c.  The  numbers  must  at  firet 
have  been  very  large,  for  even  now 
1,000  or  1,'iOOj  it  was  tiaid,  were,  after 
that  final  fjglit,  found  dead  on  the 
ground*  About  150  tell  into  the  hands 
of  the  Blijhojj  and  his  party ;  among 
them  being  !•  r^  Dokino,  Martraret  of 
Trent,  and  Lon^^ino  da  Cattinei,  a  man 
of  noble  birth,  one  of  the  best  and 
bnivest  of  Dolcino's  friends. 

The  victors  were  cruel  in  their  suc- 
cess. The  prisoners  were  banded  over 
to  tlio  secular  arm,  and  Dolcino  and 
Margaret  suiFcred  together  the  most 
horrible  of  deaths,  not  without  many 
previous  lures  and  promises,  in  the 
event  of  their  re  can  tali  on.  No  fact 
in  the  whole  history  is  better  at- 
tested than  that  the  most  earnest  eflTorta 
were  made  by  the  Church  to  bring 
them  to  its  faith.  Some  writers  say 
that  Margaret  was  compelled  to  wit- 
ness the  execution  of  Dolcino,  ami  only 
led  out  to  die  herself  when  all  was 
over-  Others  maintain  that  his  voice 
waa  heard  through  the  liiimes  exhort- 
ing her  to  patience  and  fortitude  in 
her  sufferings.  This  is  certain,  that 
the  courage  and  firnmess  of  both  wrung 
from  the  bitterest  of  their  foes  exjpres- 
sions  of  wonder  and  even  admiratiun. 

AVe  have  long  felt  the  impossibility 
of  coming  to  perfect  truth  in  our 
estimate  of  the  men  jmd  women  of  the 
middle  flges.  *'  When,"  as  Mr.  Kings- 
ley  says,  "  shall  we  learn  to  Bee  that 
time  as  it  was  ?  The  dawning  man- 
hood of  Europe,  rich  with  all  the  ten- 
dernest;,  simplicity,  and  enthusiasm 
of  youth  ;  but  also  darkened,  alas  1 
with  its  full  share  of  youth*s  precipi- 
tance and  extravagance,  fierce  pas- 
sions, and  bbnd  sell -will — its  virtues 
and  its  vices  colossal^*  The  province 
of  its  most  able  men  was  in  I'act  but 
that  of  carrying  sincerely  out  the  two 
or  three  truths,  whatever  those  were, 
which  bad  taken  hold  of  them ;  while, 
to  the  mass  of  their  followers,  faith  in 
the  leader  was  the  animating  jjrinciple. 
We  must  view  the  matter  as  it  appeared 
to  them.   Were  they  true  to  their  light? 


*  Preface  to  the  SaJQt'a  Tragedy. 
Gekt.  Mac-  Vol.  XXXIX. 


2L 


258        Memorials  of  John  Home,  the  Author  of  Douglas.       [March, 


If  so,  all  honour  to  their  memories. 
We  may  easilj  enough  lessen  the 
value  of  the  things  they  did,  by  look- 
ing at  them  from  amid  the  mul- 
titude of  enlarged  and  complicated 
duties  which  our  instructed  eyes  have 
learnt  to  regard  as  portions  of  our 
daily  task ;  but  the  heroism  which  sus- 
tained Dolcino  and  his  Margaret,  and 
many  besides,  on  their  bare  mountain- 
top,  and  made  all  other  parts  of  duty 
seem  to  them  insignificant,  was  the 
effect  of  a  strongly-concentrated  view 
of  certain  rights  and  certain  wrongs. 
They  stood  and  watched  their  hour 


for  Christ;  doing  in  the  time  many 
a  fierce  and  blameworthy  act,  but  not 
conscience-stricken,  because  their  con- 
sciences were  so  partially  informed. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  they  had  many  an 
ennobling  and  aspiring  thought,  un- 
quenched  even  by  the  necessities  of 
self-preservation  and  warfare ;  and  the 
mountains  and  the  valleys  where  those 
great  thoughts  were  born  and  nourished, 
will  never  cease  to  impress  the  tra- 
veller's mind  with  a  sense  of  their  in- 
domitable courage,  and  their  strong 
hope  in  immortality. 


MEMORIALS  OF  JOHN  HOME,  THE  AUTHOR  OF  DOUGLAS. 

{Continued from  p.  123.) 


IN  the  year  1755  Home  finished 
"Douglas,"  and  set  out  for  London  with 
P ,  with  the  most  golden  expecta- 
tions. The  following  is  the  amusing 
account  of  the  attendant  circumstances, 
from  the  combined  MSS.of  Drs.  Grieve 
and  Carlyle : — 

So  soon  as  the  decencies  of  grief  per- 
mitted— for  he  had  lost  his  dear  friend  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Logan  of  Ormiston,  and  his  only 
uterine  brother — Mr.  Home  proceeded  to 
ascertain  the  fortune  of  his  play.  He  had 
received  a  fine  galloway  from  his  friend 
Robert  Adam  when  setting  out  for  Italy : 
he  called  him  Piercy,  and  his  blood  and 
spirit  were  worthy  of  the  name.  He  once 
carried  the  poet  to  London  in  six  days. 
A  **  convoy  "  of  friends,  consisting  of  six 
or  seven  Merse  ministers,  ushered  the 
bard  into  English  ground ;  and  Dr.  Car- 
lyle says  (observes  Dr.  Grieve)  that  if  he 
were  to  relate  all  the  circumstances,  serious 
and  ludicrous,  which  attended  the  outset 
of  this  journey,  they  would  hardly  be  ex- 
ceeded in  the  work  of  any  novelist  who 
has  written  since  the  days  of  Cervantes. 
They  set  out  for  Wooler-haugh-head  on  a 
snowy  morning.  Before  they  had  gone  far 
they  discovered  that  the  bard  had  made  no 
provision  forsecuring  his  precious  treasure; 
for,  though  the  tragedy  in  one  pocket  of 
his  great-coat  and  the  clean  shirt  and  night- 
cap in  the  other  might  serve  to  balance 
one  another,  the  mode  of  conveyance  was 
judged  inadequate  to  their  safety  from  the 
snow  and  rain  to  be  apprehended  at  that 
season  of  the  year.  In  passing  through 
Haddington  the  sage  councillors  bethought 
themselves  that  possibly  James  Landreth, 
minister  of  Semprin  and  clerk  of  the  synod 


of  Merse  and  Teviotdale,  would  be  pro- 
vided with  such  a  conveniency  for  the  car- 
riage of  his  synod  papers.  Accordingly, 
they  turned  aside  half  a  mile  to  call  at 
James's,  and,  archly  concealing  the  object 
of  their  visit,  they  easily  persuaded  the 
honest  man  to  join  in  the  convoy  of  the 
poet  in  this  grand  inroad  upon  England  ; 
then,  observing  the  danger  the  manuscript 
might  run  in  a  great-coat  pocket  during  a 
journey  of  four  hundred  miles,  they  asked 
if  he  would  lend  his  friend  a  valise  as  far 
as  Wooler,  where  he  would  be  able  to  pro- 
vide himself  in  that  necessary  article.  This 
he  cheerfully  granted.  Other  ludicrous 
incidents  here  occurred.  The  gallant  troop, 
but  so-and-so  equipped,  crossed  the  Tweed 
at  the  ford  near  Norham  Castle,  and,  the 
day  mending  [improving],  got  to  Wooler- 
haugh-head  by  four  o'clock.  The  indif- 
ferent dinner  served  up  to  them  was  not 
regarded  as  any  omen  of  the  cold  reception 
that  awaited  their  hero  in  the  capital. 
Mirth  and  wit  and  glee  prevailed.  Dr. 
Carlyle  and  Mr.  Cupple8[?J,  who  abounded 
in  drollery,  [went]  as  far  as  Ferryhill, 
where  they  passed  another  night  with  him, 
and  [then]  left  him  to  pursue  his  journey 
and  to  anticipate  its  result. 

Verily,  these  jolly,  claret-drinking, 
witty  ecclesiastics  are  worthy  of  the 
easel  of  H.  B. 

We  return  to  the  MSS.  of  the 
nephew  : — 

The  luckless  poet  had  no  better  success 
than  in  his  first  attempt,  with  still  greater 
mortification  ;  for  Garrick,  after  reading 
the  play,  returned  it,  with  an  opinion 
that  it  was  totally  unfit  for  the  stage.  The 
poet  returned  to  Scotland  disappointed, 


1853.]         Memorials  of  John  Home^  the  Author  of  Douglas.        259 

peared  as  young  Douglas  with  distmctioD. 
Mrs.  Ward  entered  readily  into  the  spirit  of 
Lady  Randolph,  nad  executed  the  character 
well.  Love  was  an  excellent  Glenalvon, 
and  Mr.  Haymerthe  the  Old  Shepherd. 

The  play  had  unbounded  success  for 
many  nights;  but  soon  it  met  with  equally 
unbounded  opposition,  and  a  flame  arose 
which  involved  author  and  friends.  The 
zeal  and  hostility  of  the  serious  was  not 
diminished  by  the  active  part  which  Lord 
Elibank  and  David  Hume  took  in  cele- 
brating the  merits  of  Douglas.  They  ex- 
tolled it  as  the  first  performance  which 
the  world  had  seen  for  half  a  century. 
The  Lord  Advocate,  R.  Dun  das  of  Amis- 
ton,  afterwards  President,  headed  the  op- 
position from  political  motives.  At  that 
period  he  was  opposed  to  Lord  Milton, 
and  sided  with  the  zealous.  The  play  was 
attacked  by  ballads  and  pamphlets,  and 
defended  by  the  same  weapons.  One  of 
these  proceeded  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  Adam 
Ferguson — mild,  temperate,  and  argumen- 
tative, which  reconciled  many  to  the  pro- 
ductions of  the  drama.  Dr.  Carlyle's  was 
written  in  the  manner  of  Swift,  and  enti- 
tled "An  Argument  to  prove  that  the 
Tragedy  of  Douglas  ought  to  be  publicly 
burned  by  the  hands  of  the  hangman." 
The  Presbytery  of  Edinburgh  had  pre- 
pared a  declaration  to  be  read  in  the  pul- 
pits on  the  occasion. 

Everything  (continues  the  M&.)  relative 
to  this  ebullition  of  zeal  is  pretty  correctly 
narrated  in  the  Scots'  Magazine  for  the 
year  1757. 

We  have  now  to  be  guided  once 
more  by  the  MSS.  of  the  nephew  : — 

On  the  7th  of  June,  1757,  Mr.  Home 
retired  from  the  church  without  the  slight- 
est animadversion,  having  previously  re- 
signed his  office  as  minister  of  Athelstane- 
ford :  and  having  done  this  in  a  sermon 
which  drew  tears  firom  the  eyes  of  his 
parishioners.* 

Immediately  after  his  resignation  Mr. 
Home  retired  for  three  months  with  Dr. 
Ferguson  to  a  lodging  at  Braid  t  [near 
Edinburgh]  where  they  spent  their  time 
in  the  most  diligent  study,  HomQ  [being] 
still  employed  on  his  drama. 


not  humbled.  He  despised  Garrick  ;  and 
his  buoyancy  of  spirits,  with  the  appro- 
bation of  friends,  supported  and  encou- 
raged him.  Mr.  Home  was  always  a  very 
hopeful  person. 

Another  family  MS.  enables  us  to 
continue  the  narrative,  and  to  give  de- 
tails not  found  in  M^Eenzie  or  other- 
where : — 

Rejected  in  London,  '<  Douglas  '*  was 
brought  forward  in  Edinburgh  in  the  end 
of  the  year  1756.  In  October  1756  Mr. 
Home  had  been  taken  by  Lord  Milton's 
family  to  Inverary,  to  be  introduced  to 
the  Duke  [of  Argyle] .  That  enlightened 
nobleman  was  much  delighted  with  his 
liveliness  and  gentlemanlike  manners.  The 
Duke's  good  opinion  strengthened  Lord 
Milton's  attachment,  and  encouraged  him 
to  assist  in  bringing  forward  his  drama; 
but  indeed  his  progress  in  the  good  opinion 
of  the  learned  aiui  powerful  in  Scotland 
had  been  rapid.  He  enjoyed  the  friend- 
ship of  Sir  Gilbert  Elliot  and  Mr.  Oswald 
of  Dunnikier.  These  friends  resolved  that 
hia  tragedy  should  be  produced  in  Edin- 
burgh, in  the  persuasion  that,  if  it  suc- 
ceeded, Garrick  would  not  be  able  to  resist. 

As  is  well  known,  "  Douglas "  was 
produced  in  Edinburgh,  and  met  with 
overwhelming  success. 

We  have  no  intention  to  introduce 
our  readers  into  the  quagmire  of  bitter 
and  jaundiced  controversy  which  suc- 
ceeded. Leaving  the  inquirer  to  con- 
sult M'Kenzie,  or,  if  he  will,  to  di^ 
oat  the  thousand-and-one  squibs  and 
pamphlets  and  broadsides  which  are 
accumulated,  pile  upon  pile,  in  the  li- 
braries "  of  the  curious,"  waiting  some 
intrepid  historian  of  the  yet  unwritten 
annals— worthilv  written,  for  Jackson 
and  extant  authorities  are  wholly  or 
nearly  rubbish — of  the  Theatre  in  Scot- 
land, we  shall  content  ourselves  with 
a  single  page  from  the  MSS.  of  Dr. 
Grieve,  who  observes : 

The  Edinburgh  company  contained  at 
that  period  some  good  actors.    Digges  ap- 


*  Nor  can  we  withhold  M'Kenzie's  additional  anecdote  : — "  At  a  subsequent  period, 
when  he  retired  from  active  life  and  built  a  house  in  East  Lothian,  near  the  parish 
where  he  had  once  been  minister,  his  former  parishioners,  as  Lord  Haddington  informed 
me,  insisted  on  leading  the  stones  for  the  budding,  and  would  not  yield  to  his  earnest 
unportnnity  to  pay  them  any  compensation  for  their  labour." — P.  34. 

t  Braid.  The  hills  of  Braid  are  associated  with  all  our  three  great  Scotish  poets. 
They  were  the  favourite  Saturday- afternoon  haunt  of  Ramsay.  Fergusson  has  some 
elegant  lines  dedicated  to  t^  "  Hermitage  "  erected  in  one  of  their  bosky  retreats.  It 
was  thitherward,  too,  that  Dugald  Stewart  led  Bums.  The  bard's  memorable  burst 
abo«t  the  **  fmoking  cottages  "  of  Scotland  was  uttered  while  striding  along  these  hills 
with  *<  inipired  itap  *'  and  MBdliiig  eye. 


260         Memorials  of  John  Homey  the  Author  of  Douglas.     [March, 


It  would  be  supererogatory  to  dwell 
upon  the  production  and  almost  im- 
mediate "success"  of  Douglas  in 
London.  It  carried  all  before  it ;  and, 
"  unto  this  day,"  as  we  remarked  in  the 
outset,  is  still  a  favorite  stock-piece, 
even  in  England. 

The  subsequent  occurrences  of 
Home's  life  are  detailed  very  fully 
in  M'Kenzie's  "  Sketch,"  already  fre- 
quently alluded  to.  In  truth  they 
are  so  interwoven  with  contemporary 
events — from  Home's  peculiarly  inti- 
mate relation  to  the  Prime  Minister 
Bute— that  to  develop  it  in  all  its  as- 
pects would  be  to  write  the  history  of 
the  period.  Our  "Memorials"  being 
designed  to  be  only  a  supplementary 
contribution  to  Scottish  biography,  we 
shall  simply  in  the  sequel  put  down  a 
few  memorabilia  under  the  different 
dates.  Dr.  Grieve's  MSS.  are  full  in 
respect  to  this  period,  but  necessarily  go 
over  the  same  ground  with  M'Kenzie. 

We  proceed  then  to  give  our  closing 
extracts  seriatim;  strictly  confining 
ourselves  to  points  unelucidated  or 
somewhat  darkened : 

1758. — In  the  course  of  the  year  1758 
Mr.  Home  was  completely  established  in 
the  favour  of  Lord  Bute  ;  and,  by  his  in- 
fluence with  that  nobleman,  was  courted 
with  incessant  assiduity  on  other  accounts 
than  his  social  qualities  and  literary  genius.* 
He  enjoyed  the  range  of  observation  in  a 
wider  field.  His  countrymen,  established 
in  London,  honoured  him  for  the  credit 
which  he  reflected  on  their  country,  and 
loved  him  for  his  merit  as  a  man. 

His  Scottish  society  were — Dr.  Wil- 
liam Pitcaim,  Drs.  Armstrong  and  Orme; 
Dr.  Charles  Congalton,  naive  and  inge- 
nious; Sir  Gilbert  Elliot;  and  Dr.  Sniol- 
lett,  of  pleasant  conversation. 

Dr.  Robertson  was  in  February  of  this 
year  iu  London  to  offer  the  History  of 
Mary  to  the  press.  Dr.  Carlyle  was  there 
also  on  the  marriage  of  a  sister,  and  Home 
was  much  with  them.  They  passed  their 
time  most  pleasantly,  and  to  their  great 
advantage.  Ferguson  was  also  there  at 
this  period. 


*  *  *  * 
David  Garrick  was  now  in  the  possession 

of  John  Home.  Dr.  Carlyle  says,  "  I  am 
afraid  it  was  not  his  own  more  mature 
judgment  that  brought  him  round  to  Mr. 
Home  and  his  plays,  but  his  idoUtry  to 
the  rising  sun  ;  for  he  had  observed  what 
a  hold  Home  had  gotten  of  Lord  Bute, 
and  by  his  means  of  the  Prince  of  Wales." 
As  Garrick's  vanity  and  interestedness  had 
made  him  digest  the  mortification  of  seeing 
Douglas  already  the  most  popular  play  on 
the  stage,  so  Mr.  Home's  facility,  and  the 
hopes  of  getting  him  to  play  in  his  future 
tragedies,  made  him  forgive  Garrick's 
former  want  of  taste  and  judgment.  Gar- 
rick completed  the  seduction  of  the  poet 
by  choosing  him  as  his  second  in  a  duel 
(with  Calcraft).  of  which  his  (Home's) 
natural  romantic  valour  made  him  proud. 
All  the  differences  were  composed,  and 
Garrick  gave  a  grand  entertainment  to  Mr. 
Home's  Scottish  literary  friends. 

*  ♦  *  • 

The  tragedy  of  Agis  was  acted  this  year 
with  tolerable  success.  It  ran  its  nine 
nights,  and  the  author  cleared  some  hun- 
dreds by  it.  Garrick  acted  the  part  of 
Lysander.f 

«  •  •  « 

1759-60. — Mr.  Home  was  agaui  em- 
ployed. The  Siege  of  Aqnileia,  designed 
at  first  for  **  The  Siege  of  Berwick,"  was 
preparing.  In  1759-60,  at  latest  in  1761, 
it  was  brought  upon  the  stage,  Garrick 
acting  Eroilius.  Aquileia  has  been  pre- 
ferred by  the  contemporaries  of  Mr.  Home 
to  Agis.  Dr.  Carlyle  reviewed  this  play 
for  Uie  British  Magazine,  conducted  by 
Dr.  Smollett,  and  was  abundantly  partial 
to  the  author  and  the  work. 

«  *  «  • 

Dr.  Robertson,  Dr.  Carlyle,  and  James 
Adam  and  John  Home  rode  down  to  Scot- 
land in  high  spirits.  They  had  succeeded 
in  their  private  objects.  The  sun  shone 
on  their  path,  and  they  were  full  of  joy 
and  hope. 

*  •  «  « 

1760.— George  II.  died  on  the  9th  Oc- 
tober, which  put  the  nation  in  mourning. 
Mr.  Home  passed  two  days  in  Edinburgh, 
on  his  way  to  London,  with  Lord  Eglinton. 
At  this  era  began  his  greatness.  It  really 
might  have  been  said  that  he  was  the 


*  One  of  the  nephew's  MSS.  in  our  possession  records  the  already  published  anec- 
dote. "  The  writer  of  this  sketch  has  some  faint  recollection  of  having  heard  Mr. 
Home  state  in  conversation  that,  after  he  had  been  for  some  time  acquainted  with  the 
Duke  of  Argyle,  his  grace  upon  some  particular  occasion  addressed  him  in  words  to 
the  following  purpose  :  '  I  am  an  old  man,  and  cannot  reasonably  expect  to  have  an 
opportunity  of  doing  you  any  very  material  service ;  and  therefore  the  greatest  favour 
I  can  confer  upon  you  is  to  make  you  known  to  my  nephew  the  Earl  of  Bute.'  " 

t  Mr.  Peter  Cunningham  informs  ns  that  he  has  in  his  possession  a  presentation 
copy  of  Agis  **  from  the  Author  "  to  Lady  Bute.    It  ia  elegantly  bound  in  morocco. 


1853.]     Mem^triaU  of  John  Home^  the  Author  of  Douglas,  261 


second  man  in  the  kingdom  while  Bute 
retaineil  power.  But  the  fjoet  never  em- 
ployed his  influence  for  his  own  advauoe- 
ment  to  wealth  or  offi«?e,  never  asktug 
aaythbg  from  hi&  patron,  aod,  strange  to 
telli  never  receifing  any  gpontaneoua  mark 
of  hia  hoooty. 

The  Ibllowiug  is  Dr.  Grieve***  *'  cha- 
riicler"  of  Bute  and  of  Uome  iu  his 
relation  to  the  Prime  Minister  i- — 

Lord  Bute  was  a  virtuooa  and  patriotic 
noblpcDBD,  a  classical  scholar,  and  of  re* 
fined  taste.  His  mind  had  a  Tory  cast, 
with  some  partiality  to  the  family  of  Stewart, 
from  which  he  believed  he  was  descended. 
He  educated  the  Prince  in  sound  con- 
stitutioaal  principle*;,  and  inspired  him 
with  those  principles  nnd  sentimenta  he- 
coming  his  station.  When  the  aeces- 
sioo  of  his  pupil  drew  near,  ai»d  imme- 
diately after  it  took  place^  the  oohles 
and  gentry  of  England  had  courted  him 
with  so  much  abject  servility  that  it  was 
no  wonder  he  behaved  with  haughtiness^ 
and  displayed  a  spirit  for  domination.  He 
showed  himself  unequal  to  the  station  of 
Prime  Miaiater.  Though  personally  brave, 
he  wanted  that  poiitlcal  firmne&a  necessary 
to  stand  the  storms  of  state.  It  Is  the 
miiifortune  of  great  men  in  such  perils  to 
have  few  personal  friends  in  whom  they 
confide.  Lord  Bute  bad  only  two  of  this 
description^  sincerely  attached  to  him,  but 
inadefjuate  to  the  station  from  the  want  of 
family  and  terriLorial  influence — Sir  Harry 
Erakine  and  John  Home*  The  first  was 
a  truly  honest  man,  but  his  talents  were 
not  great,  nor  his  views  extensive  j  the 
iecond  had  better  talcntsi,  hut  they  were 
not  adapted  to  bnsiness. 

Besides  ambition  and  pride  to  an  ex- 
treme degree.  Lord  Bute  had  an  insatiable 
vanity,  which  nothing  but  Mr.  Home's 
ardent  and  sincere  attachment  and  admi- 
ration could  allay. 

The  unbooudcd  love  of  this  amiable 
man  [Home]  to  his  friends,  his  blindness 
to  their  defects,  and  his  caressing  and 
irretistiblc  manners,  captivated  all.  The 
artlesaness  and  purity  of  his  mind  ore  at- 
tested by  a  proof  of  disinterestedness 
almost  unexampled.  Thougli  be  had  in- 
dispntably  the  full  possession  of  tlie  prime 
minister,  and  obtained  many  favours  for 
Others  (for  he  was  not  restrained  here  by 
•elfishness  or  timidity  from  the  eiercise 
of  his  influence  with  his  p^itron)  ^^^^^^ 
■sked  any  thing  for  h,m«elf.  All  he 
got  for  himself  was  a  pcosion  of  100/. 
[M'Kenzie  calls  it  300/.]  from  the  Prmce 
of  Wales  ;  and  it  was  only  when  of 

his  Edinburgh  friends  prcssii*'  i 

to  secure  the  Lord  Conserr 
him,  that  be  obtained  an 


He  served  a  greater  number  of  people 
eflbctively  than  it  had  been  in  the  power 
of  any  private  man  to  do  before  bim.  He 
lived  to  see  bis  services  in  many  instances 
forgotten ;  hut  wns  almost  the  only  jjer- 
son  who  never  noticed  the  fact. 

*  «  •  • 

With  much  knowledge,  a  good  elocu- 
tion, and  Home  talent  for  making  a  lively, 
interesting  speech,  Mr.  Home  bad  little 
turn  for  real  business.  He  was  too  lively 
to  form  plans,  or  provide  the  mettns  of 
executing  them. 

He  was  little  practised  In  the  affairs  of 
society  or  government  :  had  not  much 
discernment  of  character  or  skill  in  mcmag* 
ing  men.  Accordingly  his  best  friends 
rejoiced  that  he  did  not  attain  what  had 
once  occurred  to  him  as  an  object  of  am* 
hitiou, — a  seat  in  parliament. 

The  good  sense  of  Sir  William  Pulteuey 
and  Sir  Gilbert  Elliot  opposed  the  mea- 
sure. This  interference  secured  probably 
at  once  the  Iran c|uillity  and  the  reputation 
of  tbeir  friend. 

AVe  rcBunie  our  detached  extracts : — 

1761,  Spring. —  On  the  death  of  Argyle 
at  this  time  Lord  Bute  condoled  with  Ixi>rd 
Milton,  and  ex  presided  a  wish  to  retain 
his  services  as  minister  for  Scotland  ;  but 
the  good  old  man  declined.  Lord  Bute 
tried  his  brother  Stuart  M'Kenzie,  but 
found  him  ill  t|milified  for  the  office.  It 
devolved  on  Baron  Mure. 

Partly  by  the  aid  of  Mr.  Home,  Dr. 
Carlyle  this  year  obtained  the  office  of 
Almoner  to  the  King. 

3»:  ;^  i^'  4e 

3763* — Tlie  possession  of  greatness  leU 
dom  realizes  the  prospects  held  out  by 
the  promise  of  it.  Lord  Bute  was  fixed 
in  power.  Homage  had  been  ardent.  Bot 
many  disappointments  were  the  couse- 
nuence  of  his  establishment. 

The  English  had  begun  to  persuade 
themselves  that  the  rock  was  not  immove* 
able  \  and  the  storm  commenced  whicii 
wftj  to  sweep  it  from  its  base, 

*  ♦  *  » 

No.  45  of  the  North  Briton  pobMed. 
Dr.  [Adam]  Smith  on  readin?  ItatGJtt- 
gow  exclaimed  "Bravo!  tfals  fdJ«r  ipjfl 

Lord  Bute  impeached." 

*  ♦  ♦  » 

nJ'J^'T-^^^*^**  ^^^"^^  ^^  5nte  f  fiu 
Mr.  Home  at  this  period  mu  alw>«.  f- 
London  from  OcW^.y  H?SJ! 
Parted  with  Lord  Bute  Tm^"^^ 
Generid  AsseiaWy  of  lie  Kirk  if  v^ 

ber;  and  iho^h^Tg^.TS^'^:^ 


262         Memorials  of  John  Home,  the  Author  of  Douglas.     [March, 


1765-6-7.— Little. 

1768. — Drs.  Blair  and  Robertson  in 
London :  the  first  for  the  only  time  of  his 
life ;  and  still  in  the  narrower  circle  of 
literature.  The  second  in  the  zenith  of 
his  fame,  courted  and  caressed  by  the 
great  and  learned. 

*  «  «  • 

1769,  February  23d.— In  the  midst  of 
his  political  engagements,  and  the  attend- 
ance on  his  patron,  Mr.  Home  still  con- 
tinued to  cultivate  dramatic  poetry.  He 
had  finished  *'  Rivine,''  which  Garrick, 
justly  alarmed  at  the  jealousy  which  pre- 
vailed at  this  time  against  the  Earl  of 
Bute  and  the  Scots,  had  induced  the 
author  to  change  for  the  title  of  ''The 
Fatal  Discovery.'*  ...  It  lived  its 
nine  nights. 

•  ♦  ♦  9|C 

In  summer  of  1769  Miss  Mary  Home, 
a  relative  of  the  poet,  was  in  Bath  to  re- 
cruit her  health.  She  was  a  lively  girl, 
reckoned  very  like  Queen  Charlotte.  This 
year  Mr.  Home  married  this  lady.*  The 
report  in  the  family  was  that  the  good- 
natured  poet  said,  "  I  have  provided  for 
all  the  sons  :  an  unmarried  sister  can  look 
out  for  herself;  I  think  I  must  take  Molly 
[t.  e.  that  unmarried  sister]."  Lord  Had- 
dington said  she  was  a  good  wife  for  a 
poet.  Lady  Milton  asked  Dr.  Carlyle 
what  made  John  Home  marry  such  a 
sickly  girl.  "  I  suppose,"  said  he,  "  be- 
cause he  was  in  love  with  her. '  *  **  No,  no," 
replied  the  lady, ''  it  was  because  she  was 
in  love  with  him.** 

*  ♦  ♦  * 

Summer. — ^The  Duke  of  Grafton  near 
»ing  out :  Lord  North  became  minister, 
tt  got  the  seals. 

*  «  ♦  * 


goii 
Fral 


Mr.  Home  shortly  after  retired  from 
political  life :  and  passed  his  time  in  the 
tranquillity  of  retirement  and  the  posses- 
sion of  his  well-earned  fame,  occasionally 
writing  poetry,  and  meditating  a  work  of 
history,  an  account  of  the  Rebellion. 
•  •  ♦  ♦ 

1778. — His  romantic  valour  and  mar- 
tial spirit  were  still  unsubdued;  and  his 
love  of  arms  and  the  military  life  induced 
him  to  accept  of  a  commission  in  the 
Duke  of  Buccleuch*8  fencibles  raised  in 
the  American  war. 

His  services  herein  may  be  regarded  as 
the  last  of  his  public  appearances.  A 
severe  accident  which  had  nearly  proved 
fatal — a  fall  from  his  horse  and  a  contu- 
sion on  the  head,  which,  through  loss  of 
blood,  kept  him  long  in  a  feeble  lingering 
state,  and  was  more  injurious  to  his  mental 
powers  than  his  general  health. 

This  accident  flattened  his  spirits,  made 
him  impatient  and  indeed  incapable,  of 
severe  exertion ;  and  induced  him  to  con- 
fine himself  to  the  circle  of  his  literary 
friends.f 

Our  "  Memorials  "  are  closed.  We 
ma^  merely  indicate  the  sequel.  Home 
retired  to  a  country-house  built  on  his 
own  property  at  Kildulf. 

In  1779  he  left  Kilduff,  and  fixed 
his  residence  in  Edinburgh,  where, 
with  the  exception  of  occasional  jour- 
neys to  London,  and  particularly  that 
made  for  the  unfortunate  purpose  of 
publishing  his  History  of  the  ReoeUion, 
he  resided  till  his  death,  which  hap- 
pened on  the  5  th  September,  1808,  m 
the  86th  year  of  his  age. 

Requiescat  in  pace ! 

Edinburgh.  A.  B.  G. 


*  In  1769,  not  1770  as  generally  stated. 

t  M'Kenzie's  **  Life  of  Home'*  famishes  a  peculiarly  interesting  account — ^with 
dally  journal — of  Home's  attendance  on  David  Hume  during  his  last  illness :  and 
'  likewise  some  playful,  sunny  letters  of  the  great  historian  and  philosopher.  The 
appendix  gives  likewise  various  letters  of  Bute,  Oswald,  Garrick,  and  others.  The 
Works  of  Home  to  which  M'Kenzie's  "Sketch"  is  prefixed  (whidi  had  been  pre- 
viously read  before  the  "  Philosophical  Society  "  of  Edinburgh),  are  contained  in  3 
vols.  8vo.  Edin.  1822.  They  are  to  be  picked  up  for  a  few  shillings.  Volume  iii. 
contains  an  important  appendix  of  correspondence  with  reference  to  the  Scottish 
Rebellions,  and  other  matters. 


263 


A  VISIT  TO  ROME  IN  THE  YEAR  1736. 

By  Alexander  Cunntngham,  M.D.,  afterwards  Sir  Alexander  Dick,  of 
Prestonfield,  Bart. 

{The  Journal  continued Jrom page  165.) 


October  4, 1736. — After  staying  three 
nights  at  Leghorn  we  set«out  in  the 
morning  in  chaises,  and  lay  eight  miles 
from  Florence.  The  view  of  the 
country  of  Tuscany  is  most  delightful. 
It  is  well  cultivated :  all  the  trees 
covered  with  grapes,  standing  at  thirty 
or  forty  feet  distant  from  one  another, 
mostly  elms.  Under  this  shade  are 
the  very  healthful  fine  pastures  for  the 
cattle,  which  are  mostly  white.  The 
horses  and  cows  seemed  to  be  very 
good  ;  the  country  well  watered.  The 
peasants  appear  healthful  and  jolly, 
and  their  houses  as  comfortable  as  the 
best  farm-houses  in  England,  and  the 
spirit  of  liberty  seems  to  reign  and 
show  itself  in  their  countenances  and 
actions  everywhere ;  at  the  same  time 
they  appear  to  be  honest,  open-hearted, 
frank  country-people ;  this  we  ob- 
served evidently  at  the  inn  where  we 
lay.  The  gentlemen's  country-seats 
near  Florence  are  well  situated,  and  in 
all  cases  very  elegant  and  commodious. 

October  5. — Arrived  at  the  city  of 
Flobence,  and  put  up  at  the  inn  St. 
Lodivici.  We  stayed  in  Florence  till 
the  21st,  and  passed  the  time  very 
agreeably  in  looking  to  every  con- 
siderable thing  in  that  fine  city.  All 
the  churches  are  elegant,  and  richly 
adorned  with  fine  pictures  and  statues, 
and  some  very  rich  silver  plate :  the 
streets  and  buildings  very  spacious 
and  magnificent.  The  Grand  Duke's 
palace,  by  reason  of  his  death,  some 
time  before,  had  no  appearance  of  a 
court,  for  the  next  in  succession  had 
not  entered  on  the  forms  of  taking 
possession ;  it  is  called  the  Palazzo 
ritti,  and  has  in  the  under  part  of  the 
house  very  large  and  magnificent  lofty 
halls  and  apartments,  suitable  to  the 
great  heats  of  the  summer  :  the  upper 
part  of  the  palace,  and  the  entresols, 
though  they  are  large  and  roomy,  yet 
they  are  very  low  in  the  roof,  and  are 
dedicated  for  winter  apartments,  being 
warmer;  for,  by  the  propinquity  of 
the  Alps,  that  city  feels  the  cold  very 
intense   in  winter  for   some  months. 


Most  of  all  the  buildings  in  the  way 
of  palaces  in  this  city  are  adorned 
with  pillars  of  the  Tuscan  order :  the 
churciies  are  built  in  a  more  various 
style.  There  is  nothing  can  be  more 
expensive  than  the  large  ornaments  in 
the  elegant  sepulchre  erected  for  the 
archducal  family  of  Medici. 

I  had  letters  from  Dr.  Mead  to  Dr. 
CJocchi,  the  Grand  Duke's  physician. 
He  showed  me  very  great  civilities, 
and  I  was  particularly  obliged  to  him 
for  allowing  me  the  inspection  of  the 
Grand  Duke's  noble  collection  of  an- 
cient manuscripts,  of  which  he  had  the 
care.  As  there  were  several  manu- 
scripts of  Celsus  de  re  Medica,  of  which 
Dr.  Cocchi  had  made  collections,  I  had 
authority  from  Dr.  Mead  to  offer  him 
a  hundred  guineas ;  but  he  declined, 
saying  they  were  not  jet  complete. 
He  introduced  us  to  Signor  Maglia- 
bechi,  who  had  the  care  of  the  Grand 
Duke's  gallery  of  statues,  paintinj^ 
bustos,  medals,  and  jewels,  of  which 
Mr.  Ramsay  and  I  took  some  drawings 
or  sketches,  particularly  of  the  famous 
Venus  de  Medicis,  the  Augustus,  and 
the  Cicero,  which  are  kept  in  some  of 
my  drawing-books.  The  marble  of  the 
Venus  appears  blackish  with  ace,  but 
I  have  heard  it  is  now  nicely  cleaned. 
She  is  not  much  above  five  feet  high. 
The  face  at  first  appears  too  little,  but, 
upon  a  second  look  and  comparison, 
appears  very  nicely  proportioned  and 
more  pleasant.  We  Were  lucky  in 
being  acquainted  with  Mr.  Martinean, 
an  English  gentleman,  of  good  know- 
ledge and  taste  in  painting,  who  like- 
wise made  us  acquainted  with  Mr. 
Vane  the  British  Resident  there,  and 
ins  secretary  Mr.  Horatio  Mann,  now 
Sir  Horatio,  and  long  Resident  there 
when  the  former  left  the  place.  We 
waited  upon  them  at  their  elegant 
country  seat  near  the  city,  and  were 
there  entertained  by  them.  The  ma- 
nuscripts of  Virgil  and  Terence  were 
very  curious  ;  also  the  Arabian  manu- 
scripts upon  surgery  and  pharmacy, 
which  Dr.  Cocchi  showed  us,  who  nn- 


264 


A  Visit  to  Rome  in  1736. 


[March, 


derstood  that  language,  and  was  trans- 
lating them  for  the  use  of  the  public : 
they  were  all  of  very  remote  antiquity, 
and  proceeded  much  upon  the  doctrine 
of  Galen,  as  the  Doctor  informed  me. 
I  observed  here  a  very  fine  hospital 
for  the  sick,  whose  revenue  amounted 
to  10,000/.  sterling  yearly.  We  saw 
some  fine  pieces  of  Michael  Angelo's 
works,  which  are  master-pieces  of  art. 
In  the  evenings  we  went  to  the  comedy 
of  Harlequin,  &c.  which  were  very 
diverting,  but  the  company  in  the  pit 
were  of  the  low  class,  the  price  being 
but  sixpence  for  a  place.  All  the 
gardens  round  Florence  are  full  of  the 
finest  fruits  and  flowers.  At  the  inn 
where  we  dined  the  chedro  was  always 
presented  for  salad ;  it  is  a  large  sort 
of  lemon,  and  is  cut  in  slices  served 
up  with  oil  and  vinegar.  We  had  com- 
monly ortolans  and  beccaficos  pre- 
sented to  us  for  the  second  course. 

October  21. — Set  out  for  Rome  by 
the  procaciOj  which  is  a  collection  of 
chaises  carrying  travellers,  where  he 
who  directs  provides  you  in  every- 
thing on  the  road, — for  bed,  board,  and 
chaises,  of  which  there  are  sometimes 
twelve  in  the  company ;  the  padrone 
leading  in  the  first  chaise.  This  was 
a  very  civil  honest  man.  In  the  com- 
pany we  had  a  priest,  a  sculptor,  two 
German  painters,  with  Mr.  Smith  and 
his  man  Tom.  Mr.  Ramsay  and  I 
frequently  took  to  walking,  while  the 
chaises  were  coming  slowly  after  us. 
All  the  country  has  a  various  appear- 
ance ;  some  delightful  spots  :  at  Radi- 
coforni  we  saw  the  ewes  lambing  for 
the  second  time  this  year.  The  wine 
was  more  delicious  here  than  at  Flo- 
rence. We  observed  as  we  came 
along  a  cardinal,  sitting  upon  the  side 
of  the  high  road,  superintending  a  large 
party  oi  men  employed  in  the  repairs 
of  the  highways. 

We  came  to  Siena  in  the  forenoon ; 
its  distance  from  Florence  I  had  not 
marked,  but  I  think  it  was  in  our  se- 
cond day's  journey.  It  is  a  charming, 
well-situated  small  town,  in  which 
there  are  several  fine  churches.  I  had 
only  time  to  examine  that  of  Santa 
Catharina,  their  chief  saint,  and  to 
whom  much  obeisance  is  paid :  there 
seemed  to  be  very  genteel  company 
who  attended  their  devotions,  and  we 
were  told  there  were  several  good 
families  who  resided  in  the  place.  The 
5 


Eriests  and  nuns  importuned  us  to  buy 
ttle  crosses  and  garters,  which  they 
said  were  of  the  saint.  The  purity  of 
the  Italian  language  is  said  to  be  spoken 
here,  even  among  the  commons.  A 
little  country  girl,  before  we  ap- 
proached to  Siena,  was  asked  the  way 
to  the  city.  She  answered  with  an 
excellent  pronunciation,  "  SaUiendo 
questa  montagna  ecco  Siena  !^^  which 
was  esteemed  a  fine  instance  of  the 
purity  and  elegance  of  their  common 
language.  We  met  here  with  that  fine 
wine  of  the  Montefiascone,  which  has 
been  made  famous  by  the  story  of  the 
German  prince  who  was  much  ad- 
dicted to  wine,  who  drank  of  this  so 
heartily  that  he  expired  in  his  cups. 
About  the  town  of  Bolsena  there  is  a 
fine  lake,  with  an  ancient  sarcophagus 
and  a  temple  of  Mars. 

Here  are  fine  woods.  So  soon  as  we 
came  into  the  Pope's  dominions  the 
wine  was  not  bad,  but  the  air  smelled 
of  sulphur.  As  we  came  into  the  Cam- 
pagna  the  lands  were  poorly  inhabited, 
though  the  earth  of  the  land  seems 
rich  and  healthy ;  yet  they  are  full  of 
noxious  vapours  for  want  of  cultiva- 
tion. The  shepherds  are  numerous 
here,  each  having  large  flocks  of  sheep 
and  goats :  the  sheep  are  almost  all 
blackish-brown  in  colour;  the  goats 
exceedingly  white.  AVe  saw  also  great 
flocks  of  young  horses  feeding  with 
them  in  the  Campagna.  The  shepherds 
take  care  during  the  night  to  light  up 
fires,  around  which  they  assemble,  and 
which  they  allege  banish  the  malaria^ 
or  bad  air,  which  prevails  almost  al- 
ways at  this  season  of  the  year  in  these 
parts,  and  under  whose  influence  it  is 
reckoned  very  dangerous  to  fall  asleep, 
even  in  the  houses  in  the  Campagna. 
We  therefore  amused  ourselves  at  the 
inn  by  lighting  a  good  fire  and  drink- 
ing a  glass  or  two  of  wine,  not  offer- 
ing to  go  to  sleep.  It  is  a  magnificent 
show  in  the  middle  of  the  night  to  cast 
one's  eye  over  the  Campagna,  where 
the  innumerable  fires  lighted  by  the 
shepherds  give  the  idea  of  vast  popu- 
lation from  these  illuminations ;  but  in 
the  morning  the  scene  totally  alters, 
and  no  villages  or  houses  appear,  and 
the  waste  looks  dreadful  almost  all  the 
way  to  the  city  of  Rome,  which  is  the 
more  moving  to  contemplate  this  grand 
spot  of  the  earth,  where  millions  of  the 
Koman  citizens  formerly  inhabited  it, 


185a.] 


A  Visit  to  Rome  in  173(5, 


265 


m  towns,  aJid  villages,  and  country* 
■eats,  where  the  utmoat  population  and 
1  cultivation  prevailecL 

October  26,  being  Friday,  we  came 
to  Rome,  aud  were  much  pleased  with 
the  first  appearance  of  St*  PeterV^  at 
twelve  miles*  distance,  increasing  in 
magnitude  as  we  came  down  the 
sloping  jTTound  till  we  reached  the  Via 
Flaminia,  where,  by  the  side  of  the 
highway,  we  saw  that  coai'se  linilding 
wliicb  is  called  Nero*5  toinb. 

The  fire?t  sight  of  the  city  of  Rome 
h  very  striking  at  the  entry  We  made 
|by  the  Porto  del  Popolo;  the  view  of 
ithe  ancient  lofty  pillurs  upon  the  side 
of  the  Dogana^  which  was  formerly  the 
tennple  of  Jidius  Ciesar  ;  the  obelisks, 
with  the  fronts  of  the  churches  and 
palaces  in  the  Corso,  udd  to  the  mag- 
nificence of  the  scene.  Our  baggage 
was  examined  at  the  Dogana  or  Ciistoni- 
house^  und  even  the  few  books  that 
we  had  were  kept  a  day  for  examina- 
tion, but  were  carefully  returned  the 
next  day,  when  ealled  for.  We  init 
up  at  the  public  inu  called  the  Tre  lie. 
A  good  deal  of  rain  fell  Bome  days 
after  we  came  by  the  change  of  the 
wind  to  what  they  called  the  sirocco, 
or  wind  from  Naples  and  the  snlpbur- 
OU9  hills ;  but  in  a  few  days  we  hnd 
the  tramontane  winds  from"  the  Alps 
and  Apennines,  which  are  very  cool; 
and  thin  was  fbllowcfl  by  sharp  coul 
weather  like  our  Scotch  winter, 

Naifember  1 5. — For  near  three  weeks 
Mr,  Kiunsay  antl  I  did  little  else  than 
scamper  about  every  day  all  over  the 
streets  of  the  city  of  Kouie,  starln*', 
and  admiring  the  va^t  variety  wliidi 
occurred,  without  keeping  any  regubr 
order ;  but,  after  having  delivered  our 
letters  of  recommendation,  and  formed 
our  proper  acquninlanres,  I  resolved 
to  keep  a  regular  journal  of  what  hap- 
pened to  me  in  the  city  of  Rome  from 
the  middle  of  thin  November  to  the 
luiddle  of  neJtt  March^  which  is  four 
months  aftti-  this  thiit  I  made  up  my 
residence  ihi^re.  I  mitsit  observe  in 
general  that  it  wag  a  good  while  be- 
iore  I  understood  the  right  position  of 
the  city,  which  I  did  by  good  nnipi, 
eompared  with  what  I  saw  and  ob- 
served. Soon  after  our  landing  we 
took  lodgings  in  the  Piazza  O'Espagna, 
and  had  genteel  apart  men  Is  imme- 
diately above  the  English  Coffee  House, 
and  hired  a  French  servant^  whose 
GfiNT.  Maq,  Vol.  XXXXX. 


name  was  Anthony,  who  had  been 
thirty  years  at  Rome;  his  wife  was 
our  laundress,  and  took  very  good  care 
of  our  linen.  At  first  setting  out  we 
chose  Anthony  to  be  om*  guide,  who* 
though  no  scholar  or  cicerone,  was  s 
pbiiu  man,  with  good  common  sense, 
and  gave  dii^tinct  answers  to  our  ques- 
tions, and  sometimes  made  very  shrewd 
observations.  It  is  to  be  remarked, 
that  the  Coliseum  and  Sl  Peter  s  came 
up  to,  if  not  exceeded,  one's  concep- 
tion oi'  them  before.  Some  other  things 
fell  short  at  first  sight,  viz. :  thepnint- 
ings  of  Raphael  and  Cnrucei.  The 
ancient  statues,  however,  and  some  of 
the  works  of  Bernini  in  the  statuary 
wny^  Burpuiised  our  expectation.  It  is 
peculiar  to  Rome  to  surpriueT  as  tra- 
vellers observe  upon  their  arrival, 
especially  in  the  hot  weather,  to  find 
so  mau}^  and  magnificent  fountains, 
cisterns,  and  falk  of  water  everywhere 
from  the  aqueduct,**  The  view  from 
Montoria  and  St,  Onufrio  please  ex- 
ceedingly ;  also  that  of  the  ruins  from 
the  Capitol  an<l  Villa  Mattel.  The 
French  by  their  Academy  are  pushing 
sculpture  to  the  greatest  perfect  ion. 

The  Marcus  Aurelius  on  borseback 
ill  the  Capitol  exceeded  my  expeeta- 
1  ii>us.  It  was  said  of  a  French  geueral- 
ollicer,  that  he  never  passed  that  horse 
but  he  said,  ''^  Actmcez !  tw  si;tih  tu  pan 
tfte  te  dis  y**  The  AjjoUo,  the  Auti- 
nous,  and  the  Laocoon  in  the  Biidvi- 
derc;  likewise  the  Gladiator  and  the 
llermaphmdite  of  the  Eorghese  palace, 
ruid  the  Here  ides  of  the  Farnese,  fully 
cxceedctl  the  conceptions  I  bad  of  them 
before  I  saw  theni. 

[From  this  |ioint  we  »hall  not  coutinue 
to  print  Sir  Alexander  Dick's  journal 
entire,  le!^t  it^  length  should  weary  our 
readers ;  but  we  feKall  p regent  to  them 
(jomc  portionH  whiuh  will  be  found  well 
worthy  their  attention.  For  the  present 
viG  conclude  with  the  following  accounts 
of  the  introduction  of  the  travellers  to  the 
Ffench  Academy,  of  the  drawing  of  the 
public  Lottery,  and  of  visits  to  the  Vatican 
Library  ^ and  to  Signor  Imperiatij  the  master 
of  Allan  Ramsay.] 

Novemhei^  15  (N.S.)  1736.— In  the 
evening  we  went  to  the  French  Aca- 
demy and  presented  our  lettcrH  we  had 
at  Paris  to  Mouss.  Vanvleu^lea,  director 
of  the  Academy,  who  received  v\$  very 
politely,  and  sihowed  ^x^  ^ouie  very  ele- 
gant compositions.  There  were  about 
2M 


266 


A  Visit  to  Borne  in  1736. 


[  March, 


fifty  young  gentlemen  employed  at 
drawing,  and  modelling  in  clay,  after 
the  life,  lighted  with  lamps;  their 
model  was  a  very  finely-proportioned 
young  man,  who  was  naked,  and  a 
very  handsome  fellow,  and  a  good 
head ;  if  he  had  any  fault,  it  lay  in  his 
being  somewhat  fat :  he  was  a  Swiss 
by  birth,  and  very  steadily  kept  in  his 
posture  assigned  him  at  the  beginning 
during  the  time  they  were  all  em- 
ployed, which  was  about  a  couple  of 
hours.  I  could  not  say  there  were 
above  two  or  three  excellent  drawers, 
or  modellers  in  clay,  among  the  fifty 
who  were  at  work.  Mr.  Ramsay  and 
I  fi-equently  drew  at  this  Academy  in 
the  evenings  during  the  winter,  having 
obtained  permission  of  the  Director. 

We  observed  in  the  morning  of  this 
day  all  the  city  of  Rome  were  busied 
about  their  Lottery,  which  is  done  and 
all  over  in  five  minutes,  and  is  drawn 
by  a  young  boy  dressed  in  white,  about 
ten  years  old ;  this  is  done  early  in  the 
morning,  and  on  the  first  day  of  every 
month,  excepting  when  it  happens  on 
a  Sunday.  There  are  in  the  constitu- 
tion of  this  lottery  100  numbers,  cor- 
responding to  the  names  of  100  saints ; 
for  the  men  there  arc  100  female 
saints,  and  for  the  women  100  male 
saints.  They  are  at  liberty  to  choose 
any  five  numbers,  which  are  entered 
upon  record,  with  the  names  of  the 
persons  they  correspond  to;  and  ac- 
cording as  one,  two,  or  three  of  their 
numbers,  and  the  saints  that  come  up, 
and  the  sums  they  pay  in  at  first,  so  is 
their  proportional  gain  to  be  allowed 
them  from  the  Pope's  treasury,  where 
his  holiness  obtains  a  double  benefit, — 
Firstly  :  That  the  surplus  money,  after 
paying  those  that  are  the  lucky  per- 
sons, the  return  is  made  into  his  concrs, 
which  amounts  to  (one  year  with 
another)  a  considerable  sum,  seldom 
less  than  10,000/.  sterling  yearly,  free 
of  all  charges.  Secondly  :  It  eniploys 
the  minds  of  the  whole  city  of  Rome 
for  several  days ;  and  sometimes  the 
agreeable  surprise  of  a  low  man  rising 
up  to  keep  his  coach  greatly  amuses 
the  people,  who,  with  this  and  the  public 
shows,  and  music,  and  the  theatres  and 
churches,  they  are  thus  continually 
amused  from'  thinking  of  seditious 
practices  against  the  state.  This  has  a 
good  effect  also  in  keeping  the  money 


belonging  to  the  Pope's  subjects  and 
dominions  to  remain  at  home,  and  not 
to  be  sent  abroad  to  Genoa  or  Venice, 
or  other  cities  of  Italy,  where  there 
are  lotteries  of  the  same  kind. 

November  17. — As  my  friend  Dr. 
Forbes  at  London,  with  whom  I  used 
to  live  and  board  in  the  same  house, 
gave  me  a  commission  at  London  to 
get  a  copy  made  out  of  the  different 
readings  of  the  Caesars  of  Julian,  from 
the  manuscripts  in  the  Vatican  Library, 
I  this  day  in  the  morning  and  fore- 
noon read  over  the  small  book  of 
CaBsars  of  Julian ;  and,  to  come  at 
these  manuscripts,  in  the  afternoon  I 
waited  upon  the  Pope's  physician,  Mon- 
signor  Prate,  who  lived  in  the  Pope's 
palace,  and  had  his  apartments  hard 
by  his  Holiness.  He  ranks  as  a  mon- 
signor,  or,  as  you  would  say,  a  lord, 
by  his  office,  and  wears  a  long  purple 
robe  down  to  his  feet.  I  was  recom- 
mended to  him  by  letters  from  Dr. 
Cocchi,  at  Florence.  Prate  received 
me  very  politely,  and  promised  to  pro- 
cure me  the  use  of  any  of  the  manu- 
scripts in  the  Vatican  Library,  espe- 
cially the  manuscripts  of  the  Caesars  of 
flulian,  for  Dr.  Forbes's  use ;  he  abo 

Eromised  to  let  me  see  the  forms  of  the 
ospital  for  the  sick  poor,  &c. 

November  19. — I  passed  the  evening 
with  our  clergyman,  Mr.  Smith,  and 
Mr.  Camillo  Pademi,  with  whom  Mr. 
Ramsav  made  me  acquainted,  being  a 
favourite  scholar  and  eleve  of  Signer 
Francisco  Imperiali,  who  was  the  most 
celebrated  history-painter  in  Italy  at 
that  time,  and  under  whose  direction 
my  fellow-traveller,  Mr.  Ramsay,  pro- 
secuted with  the  greatest  success  his 
business  of  painting.  I  came  after- 
wards to  be  very  intimate  with  Signer 
Imperiali,  who  shewed  me  great  civili- 
ties, and  in  the  course  of  the  winter, 
during  the  Sundays  and  holidays,  would 
oft^n  after  mass  attend  me  and  some 
of  his  students  to  the  churches  and 
palaces,  and  instruct  them  in  observing 
and  giving  his  remarks  upon  all  the 
best  pieces  of  painting,  statuary,  and 
architecture  in  and  about  the  city  of 
Rome,  from  Raphael,  Michael  Angelo, 
and  Bernini  downwards  to  that  time, 
which  all  was  to  me  of  the  highest  en- 
tertainment and  improvement,  as  I  was 
from  my  infancy  a  great  lover  and  ad- 
mirer of  these  arts. 


267 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

The  Ancient  Records  of  Ireland :  The  Forfeited  Property  of  the  Earl  of  Tyrone— A  renewed  Examination 
of  Richard  of  Cirencester— Irish  Bishops  employed  as  English  Sufflragans — Cefn-y-Castell  the  dtc 
of  the  last  Battle  of  Caractacus — English  Etjrmology:  "Cheer"— The  Society  of  "  Gregorians ** 
alluded  to  by  Pope— Escape  of  James  II.  from  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne— The  Family  of  Widdring- 
ton,  Lord  Widdrington. 

The  Ancient  Records  of  Ireland. — The  Forfeited  Propbrty  of  the 
Earl  of  Tyrone. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  value  of  ancient 
legal  documents,  in  their  historical  rela- 
tions, is  now  generally  acknowledged,  and 
the  Legislature  has  sanctioned  the  ex- 
penditure of  considerable  sums  of  money 
for  the  preservation,  safe  custody,  and 
future  use  of  those  which  are  stored  in  the 
public  offices  of  London.  Under  the  act 
passed  in  the  year  1837  for  the  purpose  of 
"  keeping  safely  the  Public  Records,'' 
satisfactory  progress  has  been  made,  during 
the  last  fifteen  years,  in  the  arrangement 
and  reparation  of  long-neglected  reposito- 
ries, during  which  many  important  public 
documents  have  been  brought  to  light,  and 
a  more  ready  access  has  been  afforded  to 
literary  inquirers.  A  spacious  edifice  for 
the  more  effectual  prosecution  of  these 
objects  is  now  rising  on  the  Rolls  estate 
in  Chancery-lane. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  ancient  legal  re- 
cords of  Ireland  are  suffered  for  the  present 
to  sleep  in  perpetual  darkness,  damp,  and 
dust,  and  are  undoubtedly  from  this 
neglect  sustaining  a  considerable  amount 
of  injury. 

The  Commission  for  the  Chancery  Re- 
cords of  Ireland,  which  was  issued  in  1809, 
expired  in  1830,  on  the  death  of  King 
George  the  Fourth,  an  inefficient  manage- 
ment and  a  wasteful  expenditure  supplying 
urgent  reasons,  in  those  days  of  economic 
reform,  for  its  non-revival. 

In  1848  a  Commission  for  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  Exchequer  Records  of  Ireland 
was  formed  by  a  Treasury  minute,  and, 
that  object  being  attained,  the  Commission 
ceased.  It  is  stated  that  the  Commis- 
sioners have  expended  a  considerable  sum 
of  money,  but  as  yet  no  part  of  their  work 
and  none  of  their  Reports  have  been  made 
known  to  the  public. 

We  have  now  in  Ireland  neither  Record 
Commission  nor  Record  Act.  A  measure 
of  the  latter  description  was  recommended 
by  the  Exchequer  Record  Commissioners, 
and  a  draught  bill  was  submitted  to  the 
Treasury,  but  went  no  further. 

The  passing  of  snch  an  Act  appears  to 
be  the  sole  method  to  effect  any  permanent 
improvement  in  the  state  of  the  Irish  re- 
cords, as  it  is  impossible  for  their  keepers 


to  perform  all  the  requisites  in  connection 
with  them  without  the  sanction  and  aid  of 
the  Treasury. 

^  As  a  means  of  directing  the  attention  of 
historical  students  to  the  matter,  I  transmit 
to  you  a  copy  of  one  of  the  records  of  the 
Irish  exchequer,  of  the  reign  of  James  the 
First,  principally  relating  to  the  chattel 
property  of  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  and  other 
fugitives  from  Ulster  in  the  year  1616, 
and  descriptive  of  some  of  the  customs  of 
the  country  at  that  period. 

Hugh  O'Neil,  Earl  of  Tyrone,— the 
principal  subject  of  the  following  docu- 
ment— seems  to  have  been  the  victim  at 
one  time  of  a  severe,  and  at  another  of  a 
totally  opposite,  course  of  policy.  By 
Elizabeth,  in  the  early  part  of  her  reign, 
he  was  the  object  of  as  much  favour  as 
was  granted  to  many  of  her  Irish  snbjects, 
while  towards  the  close  of  her  life  he  ex- 
perienced that  measure  of  justice  which 
her  Majesty  appears  to  have  conceived  to 
be  due  to  him  who  was,  as  she  has  ex- 
pressed it,  "  the  most  ungrateful  viper  to 
us  that  raised  him,  and  one  that  hath  so 
often  deceived  us."*  By  king  James  the 
Earl  was  confirmed  in  his  title  and  estates, 
and  his  Majesty  seems  thereafter  to  have 
been  disposed  tp  act  under  the  impres- 
sion that  conciliation  would  have  a  more 
salutary  effect  upon  this  chieftain  than 
coercion,  and  we  therefore  find  his  deputy. 
Lord  Mountjoy,  acting  under  his  royal 
master's  directions,  stating  to  Sir  Henry 
Docwra  that  *'  wee  must  have  a  care  to 
the  publique  good,  and  give  contentment 
to  my  lord  of  Tyrone,  upon  which  depends 
the  peace  and  securitie  of  the  whole  king- 
dome."  It  was  soon  found,  however,  to 
be  a  matter  of  some  difficulty  to  "  give 
contentment  to  my  lord  of  Tyrone ;"  it 
was  a  contentment  that  was  to  be  obtained 
by  nothing  less  than  the  total  •  overthrow 
of  the  English  rule  and  government  in 
Ireland. 

A  few  traces  of  this  Earl's  history  may 
be  gathered  from  the  legal  records  of  Ire- 
land. The  proclamation  made  in  Ireland 
upon  the  death  of  Elizabeth,  giving  public 
notice  of  James's  accession,  bears,  among 
others,  the  signature  of  the  Earl  of  Tyrone, 


*  Miscellany,  published  by  the  Celtic  Society  of  Dublin,  p.  314. 


268 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[March, 


and  affords  evidence  of  his  acknowledg- 
ment of  James's  regal  power  in  Irelandi 
and  of  bis  promise  to  yield  the  last  drop  of 
his  blood  in  his  service.*  The  record  upon 
which  that  proclamation  is  enrolled  con- 
tainsy  amongst  other  public  documents  of 
a  similar  nature,  one  of  the  20th  Feb. 
1604,  revoking  all  commissions  of  martial 
law,  "the  country  being  settled  and  in 
good  quiet,"  but  stating  that  it  shall  not 
abrogate  the  authority  of  martial  law  which 
had  been  given  to  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  and 
others.  In  reliance  on  the  authority  ac- 
quired by  this  instrument  the  Earl  thought 
At  to  hang  one  of  Sir  Henry  Docwra's 
guides,  saying  in  his  excuse  that  '*  My 
lord  (Mountjoy)  had  given  him  aucthoritie 
to  execute  martial  1  lawe,  and  this  was  a 
knave  taken  robbinge  a  priest,  and  there- 
fore worthy ly  put  to  death." 

On  the  festival  of  the  Holy  Cross,  in  the 
autumn  of  the  year  1606,  the  Earl,  his 
Countess,  and  several  of  their  children, 
accompanied  by  the  Earl  of  Tyrconnell, 
his  family,  and  many  of  their  adherents, 
embarked  in  a  vessel  then  lying  in  Lough 
Swilly,  in  Ulster,  and  set  sail  for  Rome;t 
and  thereupon  proclamation  was  made 
"  that  the  King  had  taken  into  his  hands 
all  the  lanih  and  goodt  of  the  Earls  of 
Tyrone  and  Tyrconnell,  Cowconaght  Oge, 
Magwire,  and  their  other  fellow-fugitives, 
and  that  be  would  preserve  in  their  estates 
and  protect  all  the  inhabitants  of  those 
counties  who  held  under  the  persons  who 
had  thus  forfeited.  "J  These  lands  were 
granted  to  the  London  companies  and  to 
others,  and  the  goods  to  which  the  procla- 
mation refers,  as  well  as  the  rents  and 
revenues  of  the  fugitives,  form  the  subject 
of  the  following  record. 

By  this  record  it  appeafs  that,  upon  Ty- 
rone's flight,  the  then  Lord  Deputy,  Sir 
Arthur  Chichester,  gave  directions  to  Sir 
Toby  Caulfield  (the  ancestor  of  the  present 
Earl  of  Charlemont)  to  proceed  to  Ulster, 
and  there  dispose  of  the  cattle,  household 
goods,  and  other  personal  estate  of  O'Neil 
and  of  the  other  fugitives;  and  that,  in 


compliance  therewith,  he  had  raised  there- 
from a  sum  which,  when  added  to  certain 
fines  which  had  been  imposed  for  relieving 
traitors,  amounted  to  9,3 11/.  1*.  2d,  From 
this  sum  he  made  payments  to  the  prin- 
cipal gentlemen  of  Ulster,  in  order  **  to 
content  them  after  the  flight  of  Tironc;" 
to  keep  others  -'back  from  many  out- 
rages;" in  the  dieting  of  Irish  soldiers 
sent  into  Sweden ;  in  the  building  of 
bridges,  the  making  of  highways,  the 
strengthening  of  the  fort  of  Charlemont, 
and  in  building  a  house  there ;  and  in  ready 
money  paid  into  the  Exchequer, — to  the 
amount  of  7,308/,  12*.  Irf.,  which,  being 
added  to  the  sum  of  300/.  allowed  to  him  for 
his  services,  left  a  balance  of  1,602/.  9«.  \d. 
Irish  money,  which  in  the  year  1610  he 
placed  in  the  hands  of  Sir  Thomas  Ridg- 
way,  the  then  Vice-Treasurer  of  Ireland. 
It  further  appears  by  this  record  Chat  the 
personal  property  of  which  the  fugitives 
had  been  possessed  consisted  of  money, 
cattle,  horses,  sheep,  and  pigs,  duties  pay- 
able to  them  by  their  tenants  in  oats,  oat- 
meal, butter,  hogs,  and  sheep,  a  few  articles 
of  household  furniture,  and  some  wearing 
apparel.  We  find  mention  made  of  several 
**olde  calivers,"  "two  old  headpeces," 
and  a  few  '*  old  swordes,"  affording  some 
proof  of  the  warlike  propensities  of  the 
fugitive  chiefs.  In  the  *'  Spaniard  that 
lived  with  Tirone  "  we  discern  a  trace  of 
that  attachment  to  the  foreigner  which 
long  has  formed  a  marked  feature  in  the 
Hibemo-Celtic  character,  and  in  **  an 
Irishe  harpe,"  which  belonged  to  Shane 
O'Hagan,  that  fondness  of  mnsic  for 
which,  from  a  very  remote  period,  they 
have  been  so  highly  and  so  justly  dis- 
tinguished. 

By  the  Irish  Record  Reports  the  extent 
of  the  landed  estates  anciently  possessed 
by  the  O' Neils  and  their  adherents  has 
been  made  known  to  us ;  and,  by  records  of 
the  description  now  produced,  we  learn 
the  nature  and  amount  of  their  personal 
property  ;  and  we  trust  the  time  is  not  far 
distant  when  further  light  will  be  thrown 


*  Tliis  proclamation  has  been  printed  in  the  unpublished  CalendA*  of  the  Patent 
Rolls  of  the  Chancery  of  Ireland,  at  p.  418.— A  Calendar  of  the  Patent  and  Close 
Rolls  of  the  Irish  Chancery  from  the  year  1300,  being  the  earliest  period  at  which  they 
commence,  to  the  end  of  Henry  the  Seventh's  reign,  has  been  published.  That  of 
James  the  First's  reign  has  been  printed  but  not  published.  It  is  much  to  be  desired 
that  the  Patent  Rolls  of  the  period  intervening  between  the  end  of  Henry  the  Eighth's 
and  the  beginning  of  James  the  First's  reigns  should  be  laid  before  the  public. 

t  This  fact  is  referred  to  by  the  Four  Masters,  as  well  as  in  the  proclamation  made 
at  Rathfamham,  near  Dublin,  on  the  7th  of  September,  1607,  wherein  it  is  stated  that, 
notwithstanding  the  sudden  departure  of  the  Earl  of  Tyrone,  &c.  lately  embarked  at 
Lough  Swilly,  the  inhabitants  of  Tyrone  and  Tyrconnell  shall  not  be  disturbed  in  the 
peaceable  possession  of  their  lands,  so  long  as  they  demean  themselves  as  dntifal 
subjects.— Annals  of  the  Four  Masters,  p.  3325 ;  and  Calendar  to  P&tent  Rolls  of  the 
Irish  Chancery,  temp.  James  I.,  p.  419. 

;  Patent  Rolls  of  the  Chancery  of  Ireland,  temp.  James  I.  p.  420. 


1853J 
L§  well  upc 


Correspondence  ofSi/ivamt4t  l/rhan. 


269 


I 
I 
I 


I  the  prh ate  life  of  O' Neil  and  as  to  CapUin  Tirlagh  O'Ncale  and  bis 
of  his  foUowers  a«  ypoti  that  eventful  period 
of  Irelaod'B  history  iu  which  they  lived, 
hy  the  publication  of  the  State  Papers  of 
the  reigoa  of  Clizabelb  and  James  the 
First,  so  far  as  tliey  relate  to  that  kingdom^ 
Yours,  &c.  F. 


The  record  transmitted  by  our  corrc- 
spondcut  ii  the  Accompt  of  Sir  Toby 
CauMeld,  for  the  rents  received  in  the 
counties  of  Tyrone,  Armagh,  and  Cole- 
rame,  from  the  escheattd lanils  of  the  Earl 
of  Tyrone,  ^*  a*  well  for  a  remainder  of  the 
»flyde  rent«  due  for  half  a  year  ended  at 
Holontide,  1607,  left  untaken  up  by  the 
iaid  traitor  at  the  tymc  of  hi»  flight/'  as 
for  thr&e  whole  years  after,  **  from  which 
time  the  said  etdieated  landi  are  granted 
away  fxom  Hta  Majesty,  free  from  paying 
any  rents,  for  four  years  next  ensuing;" 
and  likewise  for  the  ^ods  of  the  said 
traitor  and  other  fugitives.  The  money 
rents  received  amonnted  to  8,161/.  6s.  Grf,; 
and  the  "  dutye  butters,*  oats»  meale^ 
muttons,  and  hoggea,"  to  331/.  lAt.Sd.; 
the  cattle  and  goods  seized  to  551/.  6».  BJ. ; 
and  a  line  imposeil  on  the  inhabitanta  of 
the  counties  of  Tyrone  nod  Armagh,  for 
relieving  traitors,  to  i'Gti^.  V^it.id.  ;  form- 
ing  altogether  a  total  of  9,311/.  Gs,  2ih 

We  extract  the  goods  of — 

'*  A  Spainard  that  lived  with  Tyrone 
since  the  year  1589,  and  fled  with  him,  viz. : 


,       IXXTtt 

ij*  calves      . 

.     viij#. 

j.  heyfer     . 

,     xir* 

ij«  fowling-peces 

.       XX*. 

I 


tn  all        ,         .     cxlij  #. 

The  whole  of  which  were  returned  to  the 
Spanbrd's  wife  and  children  for  their  relief. 
A  eon^iidcrablc  portion  of  the  rents  was 
remitted,  in  order  to  bribe  the  tenants  to 
iubmiasion   to  the  English  government ; 


brother  Neiie  O'Neale,  210/.  for  the  rent 
of  the  caatle  of  Newton,  town  of  Strabone, 
fitc. ,  90/.  to  Su-Cormack  M'  Baron,  and  80/. 
to  '*  Brian  Cros^agh  O'Neale,  sonne  to  the 
said  Sir  Cormuck,  being  a  younge  man 
verye  like  to  have  joyued  with  Odoghertie, 
who  hy  his  birth  and  estimation  was  able 
to  drawe  a  grealc  many  of  idle  fellowca 
after  him  to  comitt  villany,  and  therfore 
he  had  bestowed  on  binii  the  better  to  con- 
tent  him,  the  rents  of  one  ballybetaghe  of 
land,  which  yielded  xl  ii.  per  annum  ffooa 
the  tenants  for  two  years,  whereby  he  wa» 
retained  in  dutifull  obedience/'  Several 
others  of  the  O'Nealea  were  retained  in 
like  manner,  and  to  Captain  O'Cor  was 
remitted  the  rent  of  fifty  cows  for  three 
yeara,  **  lu  regard  that  he  had  muchcreditt 
among  the  swyrdsmen,  and  was  a  princi- 
pall  leader  in  Tirontt'i*  rebellion,  and  yet 
did  behave  him  selfe  very  dutefully  after 
the  Right  of  Tirone  and  in  Odoghertics 
rebellton^  and  did  then  and  ever  since  per- 
forra  good  service  hy  intelligeoces/ '  To 
Cowconoght  Ode  van  was  given  pardon 
for  fifty  cows»  *'  for  his  maintenance  in  the 
College  at  Dublin,  the  better  to  incorage 
others  to  conformt^  themselves  in  civilLitye 
and  religion,' '^  and  the  like  to  Shane 
O'Doneti,  Owen  Mclyor,  Rory  McCrely, 
and  Donnell  Oge  O'Conn,',  sonne  to  Don- 
ne 11  O^Conry.  The  totid  of  the  rents  re* 
mitted  was  1,66  I/.  Irish. 

Irish  soldiers  were  taken  up  to  be  sent 
to  Swedcnf  in  the  summers  of  1609  and 
1610;  in  the  former  year,  80  were  vie* 
tnalled  out  of  the  Earl  of  Tyrone's  estates 
for  Id  days,  during  which  time  they  were 
kept  in  prison  at  Dungannon,  Armagh, 
and  Charlemount,  till  they  were  sent  away, 
at  iiijri.  a  pieee  per  diem ;  and  in  like  man- 
ner 72  were  in  1610  kept  in  prison  at 
Armagh  for  18  days. 

The  totals  of  Sir  Toby  Caulficld's  ei- 
penditu^re  are  recapitulated  as  follows : 


*  *•  Butters,  which  were  so  ill  madt;  after  the  country  manner,  as  they  were  scaroo 
worth  any  money,  yet  were  they  sold  alt  the  rate  of  xv  s*  a  barrel!,  viz.  x%x  tonne,  or 
thereabouts,  which  at  vj/i.  sterUng  a  tonne,  commeth  to  clxzx/i.  sterling."  Muttons 
were  valued  at  ij  s,  sterling  a-piece,  and  hogs  atiij  #.,  cows  at  rv  #.»  steers  at  xiij  s.  iiij  tf., 
stud  Diarcj^,  ten  at  1#.  and  seven  at  xl  a.^  working  mares  at  xxx^.,  colts  of  a  year  old  at 
XX  #.,  young  colts  at  x  ». 

t  Upon  the  Remembrance  Roll,  fx  parte  capitalis  rememoratorit,  of  the  Irish 
Exchequer,  anno  15  Jac.  I.  mem.  35,  there  is  enrolled  a  grant  made  to  Captain  John 
Sanford  and  his  heirs  of  certain  mountain  lauds,  bogs,  and  woods,  in  the  province  of 
Ulster,  "  in  consideration  of  his  absence  during  the  dii^tribution  of  the  escheated  lands 
in  Ulster,  in  consequence  of  which  no  portion  was  assigned  to  him,  be  being  then 
engaged  in  conducting  the  loose  kerne  and  swordsmeu  of  that  province  to  the  service  of 
the  King  of  Sweden,  dii^burthening  the  country  by  that  means  of  many  turbulent  and 
disaffected  persons,  who  would  otherwiae  have  troubled  the  peace.*'  A  payment  of 
eO0/»  was  made  from  the  revenue  of  Englajid  '^  towards  the  charge  for  apparel,  victuals, 
and  other  uecet^iaries,  for  a  certain  number  of  soldiers  levied  out  of  Ireland  for  the 
service  of  the  King  of  Sweden,"  by  an  order  of  the  25th  February,  16OT.  Ismea  of 
fhe  Ejchetpter  qf  Enghndf  by  Fredk.  Devon,  esq. 


270 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[March, 


Remittalls  and  abatement  of       £      s,  d» 
rents      .         .        .         .     1664    0    0 

Entertainments  of  soldiers 
entred  in  paie  on  the  flight 
of  Tirone  and  revolte  of 
Odoghertye    .         .         .       340  17     9 

Workes  and  fortifications    .         80     0     0 

Victualing  of  Irish  soldiers 

sent  into  Sweden    .         .         39     4  10 

Giftes  and  restitution  of  fu- 
gitives' goods  .         .       422  18     9 

Readye  moneye  payd  into 
thereceipte    .        .         .     4761  10     9 


In  all 


.     7308  12     1 


Of  the  balance,  amounting  to  2002/. 
9«.  Id,  Irish,  an  allowance  of  100/.  Eng- 
lish per  ann.  for  three  years  **  making  in 
harps  in  the  whole  the  sum  of  400/.'*  was 
allowed  to  Sir  Toby  Caulfield,  in  pursu- 
ance of  a  concordatum  made  by  the  Lord 
Deputy  Chichester  the  16th  Dec.  1610, 
in  reward  for  his  trouble,  having  "  with 
greete  wisedome  and  sufficiencie  discharged 
the  trust  reposed  in  him." 

Many  other  particulars,  more  or  less 
interesting,  may  be  collected  from  this 
curious  document,  which  will  be  printed 
entire  in  the  Third  Volume  of  The  Topo- 
grapher and  Genealogist. 


A  RENEWED  EXAMINATION  OF  "  RiCHA&D  OF  CiRBMCESTER." 


Mr.  Urban, — Few  exercises  of  lite- 
rary ingenuity  have  been  attended  with 
a  greater  share  of  success  than  that  of 
"  The  Itinerary  of  Richard  of  Cirences- 
ter," concocted  by  Charles  Julius^  Ber- 
tram, of  Copenhagen.  Whilst  the  gravest 
doubts  have,  from  time  to  time,  been  ex- 
pressed by  those  who  have  critically  ex- 
amined this  elaborate  compilation,  there 
have  always  been  others,  less  cautious  and 
more  confiding,  who  have  been  ready  to 
accept  with  thankfulness  the  information 
it  apparently  offered,  and  consequently  to 
admit  its  claim  to  be  recognised  as  an  in- 
dependent and  genuine  authority.  The 
consequence  is  that  even  now,  after  the 
lapse  of  nearly  a  century  from  the  pro- 
mulgation of  this  remarkable  forgery,  there 
are  some  antiquaries  who  appear  to  think 
that  faith  in  this  matter  becomes  them 
better  than  incredulity.  A  sentiment  of 
respect,  if  not  of  uncertainty,  has  con- 
tinued to  exercise  its  influence  even  over 
those  who  have  been  inclined  to  condemn  : 
whilst  ever  and  aoon  we  encounter  a 
quotation  in  recent  writers  which  testifies 
to  a  certain  degree  of  authority  still  main- 
tained by  "Richard  of  Cirencester,"  in 
the  Roman  period  of  our  history.  Very 
recently  fresh  editions  of  this  composition 
have  appeared  among  our  popular  anti- 
quarian classics.  Whilst,  therefore,  it 
might  be  said,  on  the  other  hand,  that  the 
true  value  of  this  production  ought  now 
to  be  generally  appreciated,  it  must  be 
admitted  that  such  is  not  actually  the 
case,  and  that  a  further  exposition  of  its 
real  origin  is  not  entirely  unnecessary. 

In  proceeding  to  offer  the  result  of  my 
own  examination  of  the  work  to  the  atten- 
tion of  your  readers,  I  shall  first  avail 
myself  of  the  important,  but  still  not 
decisive  opinion,  expressed  by  the  Editors 
of  the  Monumenta  Historica  Britannica 
(General  Introduction,  p.  33) : — 

"  The  collection  entitled  Britannicarum 
Gentium  Historie  Antiquse  Scriptores 
Tres— Ricardus  CorinensiSi  Gildaa  Badoni- 


cus,  Nennius  Banchoriensis, — by  Charles 
Julius  Bertram  (8vo.  Hafniae  (Copenha- 
gen) 1757)  now  demands  notice.  Great 
doubt  hangs  over  the  authenticity  of  the 
work  of  Richard  of  Cirencester.  Bertram 
himself  speaks  doubtfully  about  the  au- 
thor, —  **  Auclor  crediiur  celeberrimus 
Ricardus  Corlnensis  e  Cirecestria  oriun- 
dus ; "  and  he  gives  no  account  of  the 
manuscript.  Stukeley  states,  p.  12,  that 
Bertram  first  mentioned  a  manuscript  of 
Richard  of  Cirencester,  being  a  history  of 
Roman  Britain,  and  an  ancient  map  an- 
nexed, as  being  in  a  friend's  hands.  At 
Stukeley's  request  Bertram  sent  an  ex- 
tract from  the  manuscript,  and  afterwards 
an  imitation  of  the  handwriting  of  it, 
which  Casley,  the  keeper  of  the  Cotton 
Library,  pronounced  to  be  four  hundred 
years  old.  Stukeley  then  pressed  Ber- 
tram to  get  the  manuscript  into  bis  hands, 
if  possible,  which  at  length  with  some  diffi- 
culty he  accomplished,  and  sent  Stukeley 
a  transcript  of  the  whole,  and  a  drawing 
of  the  map.  The  fact  of  the  author 
(Richard  of  Cirencester)  anticipating  ob- 
jections to  his  work,  and  the  apologies  he 
offers  for  any  mistake  he  may  have  com- 
mitted, are  very  suspicious  circumstances ; 
nor  is  the  marvellous  manner  in  which 
Bertram  got  possession  of  the  manuscript, 
and  his  silence  as  to  its  place  of  deposit 
and  owner,  less  so.  Inquiries  which  have 
recently  been  made  at  Copenhagen  tend 
to  strengthen  these  suspicions.  (The  ob- 
servations which  follow  upon  Bertram's 
edition  of  Gildas  and  Nennius,  included  in 
the  above-named  publication,  by  no  means 
give  a  favourable  impression  of  the  good 
faith  of  the  editor.)" 

In  ignorance  of  all  particulars  relating 
to  the  "  inquiries  recently  made  at  Copen- 
hagen," we  can  form  no  idea  as  to  what 
was  then  elicited ;  but  the  impossibility  of 
gaining  any  intelligence  respecting  the  pro- 
fessed manuscript  original  of  Richard  of 
Cirencester  is  quite  sufficient  to  damage 
the  credit  of  Bertram'!  pretended  difoo- 


18330 


Correspondence  of  SylvanuJi  Urban* 


»\ 


very.  Nor  will  tbiB  effect  be  counteracted, 
but  tUe  contrary,  by  an  Impartial  consi- 
deration of  the  cont«5nti  of  the  hiatory,  the 
gencrml  style  of  wbicb  seems  more  that  of 
modern  days  than  what  would  be  expected 
of  the  fourteen  til  century.  The  work 
claims^  indeed,  to  be  only  a  compilation 
from  Latin  and  Greek  writers,  but  the 
quotations  from  and  refer«»nces  to  such 
authorities  leem  too  ttmbitioiisly  brought 
forward  to  have  proceeded  naturally  from 
a  monk  of  about  a.d.  1390  or  1400.  It 
may  ako  be  a  matter  for  coasideration 
wbedier  tfae  very  construction  of  the  Ian* 
guage  lA  Qot  occastonalJy  even  affectedly 
obscure  aad  incorrect.  An  instance,  too, 
may  be  noticed  at  the  end  of  the  firnt 
ohipter,  where,  in  gtntig  the  dimensions 
of  Bdtiin,  the  nuoierals  appear  to  have 
been  desiguedty  written  indistinctly,  as  if 
to  obviate  any  inconvenient  detection  of  a 
miiitatemenL  It  is  probable  that,  as  many 
have  received,  many  will  continue  to  re- 
ceive, the  production  at  the  valuation  wliich 
the  first  promulgator  attempted  to  place 
upon  it  J  but  it  is  strange  that  ftny  qualified 
jadgea  should  atill  think  and  ipeak  of  it 
aa  below,  if  thty  had  thorouffhly  intiesti- 
gated  ihe  fiuhject : — 

'''It  may  be  mentioned  that  the  an  then- 
deity  of  Richard  of  Cirencester'a  De  SHu 
BHfmmia;  has  been  questioned  ;  Jind  Ber- 
tram, who  pubUshcd  it,  has  been  accused 
of  having  collected  his  materials  from  the 
best  ancient  and  modern  authorities,  and 
arranged  the  entire  work.  Hatcher,  in 
the  preface  to  his  translation,  has  nbly 
combated  the  objectiona  bron^bt  against 
tbe  originaHty  of  the  Itinerary,  and  in  one 
of  his  letters  to  me^  dated  Salisbury,  No- 
vember 23,  1R46,  he  writes, — *  Captain 
JolUffe  kindly  called  my  attention  to  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  the  obaervations 
on  Richard  of  Cirenoeater.  After  all,  they 
tre  only  fighting  with  the  wind.  Id  my 
edition,  I  gave  up  long  ago  his  dcacription 
of  Britain  and  his  chronology,  except  the 
account  of  the  rank  held  by  the  British 
towns,  which  wmonly  known  from  Richard, 
and  hai,  in  moat  particulars,  been  verified. 
But  what  no  cavilling  can  aet  aside  is  his 
Itinerary.  No  forger  could  have  gaeased 
at  tbe  existence  of  Roman  roads  known 
only  to  our  native  antiquaries, — and  this 
in  more  injutances  than  one.  Aa  for  poor 
Bertram,  the  sneers  at  him  are  as  nnmerited 
as  they  are  ridiculous*  Even  Mr.  Wid- 
more,  the  librarian  of  Westminster,  ia  not 
Rpared,  though  bis  communications  are 
probably  authentic.  I  intended  once  to 
hate  aet  this  question  at  rest,  but  that 
time  if  now  gone  by.'  "  (^Vntiquitiea  of 
Richborough,  Recnlver,  and  Lympne,  4io. 
London*  1850,  p.  18,  note.) 

What  line  of  argument  others  may  have 


taken  1  know  not ;  but,  notwithatanding 
tbe  confident  assertion  above  that  **  no 
cavilling  can  set  aside  the  Itineriry,^^  I 
venture  to  think  that  even  Mr.  Hatcher 
must  have  modified  his  opinio  a  if  he  had, 
a*?  I  have  done,  examined  cvL.ry  name  oc- 
curring therein,  and  compared  it  with  other 
recordia  of  better  reputation. 

Though  aware  of  the  difficulty  of  sepa- 
rating the  fate  of  one  portion  of  a  book 
from  the  remainder  (which  consideration 
seems  to  have  been  overlooked  in  the  pre- 
ceding quotation),  on  fir&t  becoming  ac- 
quainted with  the  work  of  the  nominal 
Richard  of  Cirencester  1  myself  waa  dis- 
posed to  acquiesce  in  the  imposing  pre- 
tensioiiB  of  the  Itinerary.  Prcviouslyi 
however,  to  using  it  as  an  authority,  I 
undertook  the  investigation  just  alluded  to, 
which  speedily  resulted  in  the  conviction 
that,  of  the  eighteen  routes,  every  onewAfcA 
affords  real  information  is  constructed, 
with  some  specious  alterations,  from  the 
Itinerary  of  Antoninus,  no  very  dilficult 
performance  for  an  ingenious  person  well 
versed  in  ancient  history,  and  moderately 
conversant,  or  possessing  opportunities  of 
rendering  himself  ao,  with  British  to- 
pography. The  variety  of  Bertram's 
Itinera  was  easily  obtained  by  dividing 
those  of  Antoninus,  reverinng  iheir  order 
occasionally;  and  entirely  new  ones  were 
composed  with  equal  facility  by  adding 
together  portions  of  those  in  the  authentic 
list,  and  by  inserting,  when  requisite,  one 
or  more  additional  names.  The  gftmlilance 
of  pointing  out  uusnspected  Roman  roads 
is  indeed  accomplished,  but  such  lines  will 
ill  bear  dissection  j  and  upon  the  remark 
recently  cited,  that  ''  no  forger  could  have 
guessed  at  tbe  existence  of  Roman  roads 
known  only  to  our  native  antiquaries," 
the  obvious  reflection  is  the  inapplicability 
thereof  to  this  supposed  fact,  that  the 
forgery  was  committed  only  in  the  Jirsi 
hat/  of  the  mffhhenlh  cefUury  by  the  «#- 
nhtonce  of  thote  identical  "  natwe  and- 
quaries"  who  had  prertQUaly  pointed  oui 
the  actual  or  probable  eiiistence  of  tuch 
roadt. 

In  copying  from  Antoninus  some  names 
are  severed  into  two  wordS)  some  are  varied 
(* lightly,  and  some  interpolations  are  in- 
troduced, thus  anticipating  the  imputation 
of  plagiarism,  and  imitating  the  various 
readings  ao  constantly  found  in  old  writen , 
The  insertions  arc  generally,  not  always, 
taken  either  from  Ptolemy's  Geography 
or  from  the  HQonynaous  geographer  of 
Ravenna  ;  others  .ippear  to  have  been 
fabricated  for  the  ocrasion.  The  diatances 
assigned  I  havelcompared^in  very  few  in- 
stances only,  but  of  those  some  of  Bertram 
agreed  preciaely  with  Antoninus,  while 
others   differed.     To  justify  the   stric- 


272 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[March, 


tores  now  offered  I  proceed  to  make  some 
obfierTations  on  the  eighteen  Itinera  of 
Richard,  premising  that  this  must  always 
be  done  not  with  the  tabular  form  together 
with  the  modem  English  names,  in  which 
they  are  usually  presented  at  the  end  of 
the  work,  but  with  the  original  form, 
wherein t  as  **  Diaphragmata^**  they  are 
appended  to  the  Latin  hittory.  If  this 
caution  is  attended  to,  and  not  otherwise, 
the  following  notes  will  be  fully  under- 
stood. It  should  be  stated  that  the 
editions  used  in  this  inquiry  were,  of 
Ptolemy,  Antoninus,  and  the  Ravenna 
geographer,  the  extracts  printed  in  Monu- 
menta  Historica  Britannica,  of  Richard  of 
Cirencester,  the  translation  of  Dr.  Giles, 
8yo.  London,  1841.  The  comparison  of 
the  names  in  the  latter  with  the  preceding 
authors  has  been  effected  only  through  the 
assistance  afforded  by  the  Monumenta 
Historica  Britannica. 

Iter  I.  — "  Cantiopoli  quae  et  Duro- 
yerno.'^  The  first  name  an  addition,  not 
traced  to  any  authority,  but  the  construc- 
tion and  meaning  plain. — "  Forum  Dianse  ^^ 
not  traced. — The  substitution  of  Bancborio 
for  BoTio  of  Antoninus  is  suggested  by 
Camdsn, 

Iter  II. — Heriri  is  given  as  the  Welsh, 
that  is  the  British,  appellation  of  Soowdon 
in  Llwyd's  Britannia  Descripta. 

Iter  III. — "  Sturius  Amnis,"  not  traced. 
The  Stour  is  known  to  be  a  river  sepa- 
rating Essex  and  Suffolk.—"  Cambreto- 
nio,"  Cambretovium,  appears  four  times 
in  W.  Baxter's  Glossarium  Antiquitatura 
Britannicarum,  printed  a.d.  1719,  there- 
fore before  Bertram's  pretended  discovery. 
Though  the  collation  which  I  made  was 
imperfect,  it  appears  from  numerous  coin- 
cidences, some  very  strong,  that  Bertram 
must  have  seen  Baxter's  publication. 

Iter  IV.—**  Ad  Tisam;"  not  traced.— 
**Ad  Murum;"  Bed.  Hist.  Eccl.— 
<*  Tueda  Flumen  ;"  not  traced.  Probably 
intended  for  the  Tweed,  which,  however, 
is  Tusesis  in  Ptolemy. 

Iter  V. — This  route  is  so  arranged,  as 
to  present  the  appearance  of  giving  in- 
formation, whereas  there  are  so  many  gaps 
at  the  beginning,  that  the  starting  point 
cannot  be  identified. 

//er  VI.—**  FinibusMaximsB  et  Flavise.'' 
The  boundary  between  two  provinces ;  a 
very  easy  and  conveniently  indefinite  sug- 
gestion ! 

Iter  VII. — **  Rerigonio ;"  or  Berigo- 
nium,  said  to  be  found  in  Ptolemy  by 
Camden t  W.  Baxter's  Glossarium. — **Ad 
Alpes  Peninos — Alicana;''  not  traced. 


Iter  IX.-— '<  Gadanica."  Ptolemy  men- 
tions the  Gadeni,  which  are  considered  to 
signify  the  people  of  Fife,  &c. ;  but  Bertram 
places  Gadanicanear  Carlisle. — *'.Corio.'* 
Coria  occurs  in  Ptolemy. — '*  Ad  Hier- 
nam;"  not  traced. — **  Ad  ^sicam;"  ^sica 
is  named  by  both  the  Motitia  (as  **ad 
Lineam  Vaili")  and  the  Ravenna  Geogra- 
pher, but  seems  to  be  in  the  north  of 
England,  therefore  is  misplaced  by  Ber- 
tram.— **  Mons  Grampicus  ;"  Tacitus. — 
**  Ad  Selinam  ;"  not  traced. — **  Pto^^o- 
tonis;"  the  Hreparov  a-rparonthov  of 
Ptolemy,  alata  castra  (winged  camp)  of 
the  Romans,  converted  into  a  city. 

Iter  X.—**  Ad  Aquas ;"  not  traced.— 
*  *  Uxella  Amnis ;'  *  Uxela,  a  city  of  Ptolemy 
and  the  Ravenna  Geographer. — The  pre- 
ceding Iter  and  this,  more  especially,  are 
written  with  numerous  blanks,  to  conceal 
poverty  of  real  knowledge. 

Iter  XI.—**  Tibia  Amnis;"  not  traced. 
— **  Ad  Vigesimum  XX."  I !— **  Mena- 
pia ;"  a  place  mentioned  by  Sextus  Aure- 
liuB  Victor. 

Iter  XII **  Bibracte."    Name  occurs 

in  Baxter's  Glossarinm,  as  that  of  a  town 
of  the  Bibroci,  or  people  of  what  is  now 
Berkshire. 

//«r  XIII.— **  Bultro;"  an  alteration  of 
Burrio  of  Antoninus  ? 

Iter  XIV.— «*  BaUio;"  another  reading 
of  Bultro. 

Iter  XV.—**  Ad  Lapidem;"  Bed.  Hist. 
Eccl.  I.  iv.  c.  16,  supposed  in  Smith's 
note  to  be  Stoneham,  near  Southampton, 
referring  to  Camden,  p.  138,  *'  Ad  Deci- 
mum  !"  **  Mado  ;"  Peutigerian  Tables. 

Iter  XVI.— **Durio  Amnis;"  Dorva- 
tium,  Ravenna  Geographer  —  **Cenia;" 
clearly  from  Cenion  river  of  Ptolemy  ;  but 
Cenio,  Tregoney,  is  named  in  Baxter's 
Glossarium.  Here  again  the  hiatus  is  re- 
markable, as  soon  as  information  fails. 

Iter  XVII.—**  Ad  Fines ;''  without  any 
distance  given. 

Iter  XVIII.— **  Ad  Triomam— ^lia 
Castra — Dorocina;**  not  traced.  In  the 
last  two  routes,  as  often  previously,  are 
numerous  gaps  to  be  attributed  to  defects 
in  the  original  manuscript. 

A  strong  suspicion  which  arose  at  an 
early  stage  of  my  examination  that  much 
of  the  seemingly  novel  intelligence  prof- 
fered  by  **  Richard  of  Cirencester,"  might 
have  been  obtained  from  Camden,  has  been 
reduced  to  a  certainty  by  a  perusal  of 
Reynolds's  Iter  Britanniarum.'*'  Mr.  Rey- 
nolds, it  is  evident,  carefully  studied  and 
compared  the  Itinerary  of  Richard,  and, 
though  he  does  not  deny  the  genuineness 


*  **  Iter  Britanniarum  ;  or,  that  part  of  the  Itinerary  of  Antoninus  which  relates  to 
Britain,  with  a  new  Comment,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Reynolds,  Rector  of  Bowden 
Farva,  Northamptonshire."     Cambridge,  1799.    4to. 
6 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Si^lvanua  Urban. 


273 


r 
I 


I 


of  it,  he  yet  proooutices  it  utterly  worth- 
less as  ao  authoiit}%  whi<  h  tht;  folluwing 
quotations  from  him  will  Kuflidcutly  eriQcc. 

The  division  of  the  Roman  provintea  in 
Britain  is  **  precisely  the  same  in  Richard 
of  Cirencester  and  in  Coniden  (Ves- 
pasian a  only  excepted)."  \h  iii,  and  notcf 
A  similar  ^grceoaent  as  to  the  boundariea 
of  «hosc  provinces,  p.  124.  The  Frovinee 
of  Vespasiuoa  is  termed  by  Mr.  Reynolds 
a  "fiction/*  p,  120,  and  "  itimginaty/'* 
p.  122. 

Camden  **  ha&  one  observation  relating 
to  the  division  of  the  road  near  Bennonis, 
vihich  uppears  in  no  other  copy  (of  An- 
toninus' Itinerary)  which  I  have  met  with, 
except  that  u^ed  by  Richard  of  Cirencester/' 
p.  xii.  (referring  to  the  first  Cirencester 
Iter).     This  asiertlou  repeated  p.  124. 

Bovio  of  Antoninuj  chcinged  to  Bun- 
chorio  as  by  C&mdeu,  p.  201*  Another 
instance  mentioned,  p.  212.  General  cor- 
respondence mth  Camden,  noticed  twice, 
p.  126. 

Hcriri  the  Welsh  name  for  Snowdon  in 
Llwyd's  Britannia  Descripta.  A  coin- 
cideDce  with  Uorsley  (Britannia  Romana, 
1732)  p.  127. 


**Whe»  Richard  h  not  obliged  to  the 
fragments  of  the  Roman  general  for  Ms 
numbersf,  their  accuracy  is  very  question* 
able,"  p.  l2!-5.  **  A  blank  line  intimates 
the  omig&ion  of  one  or  more  towns,  a 
device  very  common  with  the  author,  wheu 
he  ventures  to  leave  bis  Roman  guide," 
p.  V29. 

**//er  XIL — is  carried  beyond  Isoa 
(Exeter)  by  gome  names  from  Ptolemy, 
and  Richard's  own  invention,  but  without 
numerals/'  p.  1.30. 

*^  Ad  Abnm — AdFines — Ad  Pctnariaro/' 
are  styled  **  fictions,"  p.  130. 

Whnt  may  be  the  effect  upon  others  of 
the  Gonbideratious  here  suggested  must  be 
unoertain  ;  probably  they  will  be  various : 
the  impression  they  have  produced  upoa 
my  own  mind  is  absolutely  destructive  of 
the  credit  of  the  so-called  Richard  of  Ci« 
rcQcester's  work.  It  only  remains  to  dis* 
claim  any  motive  in  unilertaking  this  in- 
quiry but  an  earnest  desire  to  vindicate 
from  corruption,  or  even  ground  of  sus- 
picion, the  sources  of  historical  informa- 
ItOD,  of  which  the  prime  clcmcut  is  TnrxH 
ia  the  utmost  possible  purity. 

Yours,  Sec,     Arthuh  Hussey. 


Ieish  Bishops  EWPtOYED  ab  ENGi.i!iH  Suffbaganis. 


Mr.  Uhban,— I  have  just  perused  in 
your  last  Msgaxine  (p.  188)  a  notice  of 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Gunner's  commuuication  to 
the  Archteological  Institute,  relative  to  the 
discharge  of  episcopal  functions  by  Irish 
Bishops  in  England  in  the  fourteenth  and 
fifteenth  centuries  ;  and,  as  I  have  some 
peculiar  facilities  for  ex  pi  inning,  through 
my  oirn  ecclesiastical  manuscript  collec* 
tions,  those  not  nnfreqnent  instances  of 
the  bishops  of  England  employtetg  Irish 
bbhops  as  their  suffraganSf  I  trust  you 
will  allow  me  a  little  Bpace. 

'*  To  make  a  complete  Bishop  in  Ire- 
land/* says  Ware,  *•  there  were  throe  in- 
terests to  be  consulted— the  King's,  the 
Electors',  and  the  Pope's,  which  could  not 
but  uccfision  many  contests  and  disorders."* 
It  was  a  pnrainount  duty  on  vacancies  oc- 
curring, to  fill  the  sees  as  promptly  as 
eoniistent  with  sound  judgment  ond  dis- 
creet seJection,  the  more  so  as,  until  the 
Kitig^s  licence  was  obtained,  and  the  Pope^s 
ultimate  confirmation,  the  petty  prince  or 
dy^a^t  of  the  district  in  which  the  diocese 
wn^  situated,  when  it  lay  without  the  pale, 
as  two-thirds  of  the  Irish  bishoprics  did 
up  to  the  time  of  James  the  First,  too  fre- 
quently appropriated  the  temporalities  to 
his  own  necessities.  The  succession  was 
also  embarrassed  by  tlie  then  existing  dif- 
ficulty of  intercourse  with  Rome.     Eveo 


that  with  England  was  subject  to  inter* 
ruption,  and  thus  was  it  that  while  the 
elect  might  have  been  nominated  with 
the  previous  or  subserjuent  liL'eone  of  the 
crown,  he  yet  possibly  failed  to  obtain  the 
Pope's  sanction,  and  it  followed  that  such 
a  truly  titular  prelate,  without  the  enjoy- 
ment of  Uh  temporalities  or  the  conflrraa^ 
tiori  of  the  head  of  his  church,  must  have 
been  billeted  (if  I  may  us^e  the  word  not 
irreverently)  on  some  English  prelate, 
whose  responsibilities  would  be  lightened 
by  his  episcopal  character  and  service. 

The  Irish  Bishops  of  Achonry,  stated  by 
Mr.  Gunner  to  liave  been  the  frequent 
suffragans  of  those  of  Winchester,  may  be 
tested  by  these  observations.  Achonry 
was  certaioly  far  removed  from  the  pale, 
or  from  English  intiueuce.  There  is  no 
see  however,  I  apprehend,  which  exhibits 
more  oontinuet!  instimces  of  this  episcopal 
expstriatiou  than  that  of  Dromoie,  lying 
as  It  did  in  ''  an  unsettled  aod  tumultuous 
country/'  Richard  Messing,  who  succeeded 
to  Dromore  bishopric  in  1  lOS,  was  acting 
suffragan  tu'  the  Arcbhishop  of  York,  and 
so  died  at  York  within  a  year  after  his  ap- 
pointment ;  and  Ware  himself  is  in  con- 
siderable doubt  as  to  the  date  and  manner 
of  his  profession.*  His  succesior  John,  fa 
whose  dates  Wore  is  wholly  erroneous, 
resigned  his  episcopacy  here,  and  became 


♦  The  history  of  Bbhop  Mesio,  or  Messing,  was  more  fully  noticed  by  another 
correspondent  in  our  Magazine  for  June  1859,  p.  bib*— Edit. 
Gent.  Mau.  Vol.  XXXIX,  2  N 


274 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[March, 


a  sufTragan  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bary,  with  prescribed  and  limited  duties 
Tsee  Wilkins's  Concilia,  toI.  iii.  398),  and 
died  such  in  1420 ;  in  which  year  his  suc- 
cessor, Nicholas  Wartre,who  was  promoted 
by  the  Pope,  was  acting  as  suffragan  to  the 
Archbishop  of  York.  Thomas  Scrope,  a 
divine  from  Leicestershire,  was  also  ap- 
pointed  by  the  Pope  to  this  see  in  1430. 
In  ten  years  after,  however,  he  also  re- 
signed, Stevens  alleging  (Monasticon  An- 
glicanum,  vol.  ii.  p.  175)  **  that  he  could 
not  live  in  peace  with  the  Irish;"  a  matter 
not  improbable  at  the  era  and  in  the  pe- 
culiar locality.  On  leaving  Ireland  (says 
Norris)  he  became  Vicar-Generri  to  the 
Bishop  of  Norwich.    Thomas  Radcliffe, 


Scrope's  immediate  successor,  never  lived 
in  Ireland ;  ''the  profits  of  bis  see  di4  not 
extend  to  30/.  sterling,  and  for  its  extreme 
poverty  it  is  void  and  desolate,  and  almost 
*  extincted/  in  so  much  as  none  will  own 
the  same,  or  abide  therein.^'  Dr.  Rad- 
cliffe was  therefore  necessitated  to  be  a 
suffragan  to  the  Bishop  of  Durham.  Wil* 
liam,  who  followed  him  in  the  Dromore 
succession  in  1500,  lived  in  York,  and  was 
suffragan  to  its  Archbishop,  and  it  would 
seem  his  successors  were  alike  suffragans  in 
England,  until  the  plantation  of  Ulster  im- 
proved the  circumstances  of  that  province. 
Yours,  &c.  John  D'Alton. 
Summer  Hill^  Dublin, 


Cefn-y-Castell  the  Site  of  the  last  Battle  of  Caractacub. 


Mr.  Urban, — To  the  recent  meeting 
of  the  Cambrian  Archaeological  Associa- 
tion, held  at  Ludlow,  I  contributed  a  paper 
offering  suggestions  as  to  the  probability 
of  Cefn-y-Castell,  on  the  confines  of 
Shropshire  and  Montgomeryshire,  being 
the  position  occupied  by  Caractacus,  and 
forced  by  Ostorius,  in  the  last  conflict 
between  the  Britons  and  the  Romans,  but 
which  was  not  read  in  consequence  of  the 
late  period  of  the  evening.  I  am  there- 
fore disposed  to  solicit  the  indulgence  of 
your  pages  for  a  brief  notice  of  this  site,  as 
it  seems  to  coincide  more  exactly  with  the 
description  as  given  by  Tacitus  than  most 
of  the  other  localities  to  which  the  attention 
of  the  antiquary  has  been  directed. 

Cefn-y-Castell  forms  the  middle  por- 
tion of  the  Breidoen  group  of  mountains, 
a  magnificent  range,  chiefly  situated  in 
that  part  of  the  parish  of  Alberbury  which 
lies  in  Montgomeryshire,  but  stretches 
along  the  immediate  confines  of  the  county 
of  Salop.  Their  early  history  with  the  in- 
cidents of  the  feudal  lords  of  their  de- 
mesnes and  the  principal  proprietors  of 
the  lands  is  closely  connected  with  the 
county  of  Salop,  and  of  which  those  lands 
formed  a  portion  when  Domesday  was  com- 
piled. These  wild  and  commanding  moun- 
tains commence  with  that  of  the  Baiuley 
on  the  eastern  side,  and  are  separated  from 
the  Buithy  (or  Bwlthau)  by  a  narrow  and 
confined  dell,  stretching  its  line  on  the 
west,  until  it  reaches  the  precipitous 
Jireidden,  provincially  called  Brythen^  and 
written  by  the  British  Craigau  Wridden, 
Tills  eminence,  it  may  be  further  stated, 
extends  its  long  craggy  range  southward 
to  a  small  vale,  which  separates  it  from 
the  lofty  Moel-y-gol/a^  and  this  again  fur- 
ther, in  the  same  direction,  towards  the 
Long  Mountain,  bordering  the  turnpike 
road  to  Welshpool.  The  BuUhy  also  car- 
ries its  line  south  until  it  reaches  that  of 
CbfN'Y-Castkll»  now  known  as  Mid- 


dletown  Hill,  from  whence  it  gradually 
declines  towards  the  south,  and  ends  in 
the  vale  which  divides  it  from  Moei-y- 
golfa  or  Moel-y-golpkon,  "  the  Hill  of  the 
Winds/' 

These  bold  and  romantic  regions — cen- 
tral in  the  country  of  the  Ordovices,  and 
replete  with  dangerous  and  inaccessible 
approaches,  probably  so  filled  the  mind 
and  captivated  the  heart  of  the  heroic 
Prince  Caractacus  as  to  determine  him  to 
raise  his  standard  of  liberty  and  independ- 
ence on  their  confines,  and  finally  to  fix 
his  camp  on  the  north^n  point  of  Cefn-y- 
Castell,  a  towering  eminence,  advantageous 
in  every  respect  to  assist  the  grand  design 
of  this  great  general. 

His  lines  of  circumvallation,  one  above 
the  other,  for  the  army  of  reserve,  are  on 
the  southern  line  of  the  Breidden  ;  his 
outposts  at  the  north-east  point  of  the 
Bausley,  on  the  northern  side  of  the 
Breidden,  and  on  its  lower  continuation. 
Also  the  circular  outwork  upon  the  small 
eminence  called  Bryn  Mawr^  nearly  two 
miles  from  the  Breidden,  and  about  half  a 
mile  to  the  south,  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river  Virniew,  to  the  Roman  Camp  at 
Clawdd  Coch,  in  the  plains  to  the  west  of 
LUnymynech,  and  another  of  a  similar 
kind  in  the  parish  of  Llansaintfraid,  about 
the  like  distance,  and  on  the  same  side  of 
the  Virniew,  strikingly  shew  the  great  skill 
and  comprehensive  genius  evinced  by  Ca- 
ractacus in  selecting  the  place  now  sug- 
gested as  the  site  where  to  assemble  and 
concentrate  his  followers  in  battle  array 
for  the  defence  and  support  of  his  coun- 
trymen against  the  arbitrary  power  of  the 
Roman  Emperor  Claudius  Csesar.  In  this 
situation  he  probably  for  some  time  greatly 
annoyed  the  Romans  in  their  camp  at 
CUwdd  Coch,  until  the  legions  and  armioi 
of  auxiliaries  were  collected  in  sufficient 
force  to  encounter  and  annihilate  the  host 
of  the  British  army. 


1858.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


275 


The  outpost  of  Caractacus  may  be  con- 
sidered as  formed  at  the  lower  extremity 
of  the  Baualey,  where  two  roads  cross 
each  other,  the  one  from  Alberbury  and 
the  Old  Ford,  or  Weir,  to  Welshpool,  and 
the  other  from  Westbury  to  Llandrinio. 
From  hence,  after  passing  by  the  Bulthy, 
the  ascent  commences  to  the  summit  of 
Ce/h-y-Catiell  in  a  winding  position  along 
a  narrow  path. 

The  interior  of  the  fortress  or  camp  ap- 
pears as  having  been  formed  and  defended 
with  ramparts  of  stone  on  the  east  and 
west  points  ;  at  the  latter  was  the  broad, 
or  principal  entrance,  and  two  deep  en- 
trenchments surround  each  of  the  other 
extremities,  which  gives  it  altogether  an 
elliptical  form.  Near  to  the  eastern  point 
is  a  cairn  covered  and  heaped  with  small 
broken  stones. 

This  British  camp,including  the  entrench- 
ments, encompasses  about  three  acres  of 
land ;  and  from  the  interior,  which  com- 
mands in  prospect  the  whole  of  the  north 
and  western  portions  of  Shropshire,  the 
British  king  could  overlook  in  the  distance 
of  a  mile  or  two  his  smaller  outpost,  or 
*  encampment,  at  the  eastern  or  lower  ex- 
tremity of  the  Bausley,  probably  the  spot, 
where,  as  according  to  Tacitus,  a  troop  of 
his  (Caractacus's)  **  better  men  had  been 
stationed  for  defence,**  the  outwork  being 
formed  and  entrenched  agreeably  to  the 
shape  of  the  ground.  At  this  point  also 
the  British  chieftain  could  overlook  a  rapid 


and  uncertain  Jbrd,  at  the  present  day 
more  generally  known  as  the  **  Old  Weir," 
across  the  river  Severn  (Sabrina)  at  a 
curve  in  the  stream,  about  a  mile  below 
the  village  of  Alberbury,  through  which  it 
may  be  presumed  that  Ostorius  with  the 
Roman  army,  British  auxiliaries,  and  a 
strong  body  of  colonists  sent  from  their 
station  at  Camalodunum  (Camerton,  co. 
Gloucester)  crossed  in  their  march  from 
their  encampment  in  the  plains  of  Llany- 
mynech,  called  Clawdd  Coch,  (said  to  be 
one  of  the  Mediolanums,  by  Sir  R.  Colt 
Hoare,  who  visited  it  in  person)  over  a 
continued  flat  district  of  the  vicinity  now 
forming  the  limits  of  the  parishes  of  Kin- 
nerley  and  Melverley,  to  the  vadum  in- 
cerium  of  Tacitus. 

The  river  being  passed  without  difficulty 
and  the  outposts  at  the  Bausley  taken,  the 
soldiers  might  then  advance  to  the  agger 
at  the  foot  of  Cefn-yCastell,  and,  having 
gained  the  summit  of  that  eminence,  forced 
down  the  ramparts  of  stones  in  the  manner 
described  by  Tacitus,  in  the  13th  book  of 
his  Annals,  whereby  the  Britons  were 
compelled  to  retreat  to  the  heights  of  the 
hills  adjacent  to  the  camp. 

Upon  the  western  declivity  of  the  site 
now  briefly  reviewed  may  be  traced  several 
circular  tumuli,  no  doubt  the  last  resting- 
places  of  the  unknown  warriors  who  fell 
in  the  fatal  battle  of  Cefn-y-Castell. 
Yours,  &c.        Henrt  Pidgegn. 

Shrewsbury f  Feb.  16. 


English  Etymology. — Cheer. 


Mr.  Urban, — Few  English  words  fur- 
nish more  distant  ramifications  of  mean- 
ing, derived  from  a  single  source,  than  the 
word  cheer  and  its  compounds.  Johnson 
gives  two  origins  for  the  substantive  cheer, 
'*  the  French  ehh'e^  entertainment,  and  the 
Spanish  earOt  the  countenance,"  and  adds 
that  '*  it  seems  to  have  in  English  some 
relation  to  both  these  senses."  This  re- 
mark is  true,  but  the  etymological  account 
of  the  word  is  imperfect,  inasmuch  as  the 
lexicographer  omits  to  mention  that  the 
French  and  Spanish  words  are  originally 
the  same.  The  word  cara  in  the  Latin  of 
the  later  empire  was  used  for  the/ace.  Tt 
seems  to  have  been  adopted  from  the  Greek 
Kopa,  caput f  which,  although  in  the  earlier 
Greek  authors  it  is  always  neuter  and  un- 
declined,  was  used  by  later  writers  in  the 
feminine,  with  a  genitive  in  rjs,  and  other 
corresponding  cases.* 

An  instance  of  the  late  Latin  use  of  this 
word,  in  the  sense  ol  face,  is  found  in 


Corippus,  a  writer  of  the  sixth  century, 
who  wrote  De  laudibua  Justini  Minoria  : 
Postquam  venere  tremendam 
Ciesarls  ante  caram. 

(Coripims,  lib.  U.) 

From  this  somewhat  obscure  source  the 
word  found  its  way  into  all  the  modem 
European  languages  derived  from  the 
Latin.  In  Spanish  it  has  retained  its 
original  form  with  its  original  sense. 
Dante  uses  the  word  : 

Fu  la  mia  disianza 
Vostra  cera  gioiosa. 

(Dante,  Rime,  13.) 

But  it  seems  to  have  already  gained  in 
Italian  rather  the  sense  of  **look**  or 
*'  mien,"  than  of  the  physical  features. 
The  French  of  the  Middle  Ages  used  it 
for  the  face,  of  which  Ducange  furnishes 
numerous  examples,  such  as  the  following 
from  Will.  Guiart,  anno.  1204  : 
Se  vos  leur  tornassi^s  les  cMeru 
£t  contra  eux  voas  vous  defendiasi^. 


*  See  Liddell  and  Scott's  Lexicon,  Kapa.  [In  this  word  we  have  a  root,  also  found 
in  Sanscrit,  from  which  arose  the  Latin  cerebrum,  the  Greek  Kaprji/ov,  which  is  merely 
a  lengthened  form  of  Kopa^  the  Homeric  Kop,  which  appears  to  have  meant  a  hair,  the 
German  haar^  English  hair,  and  prol^ably  K€pas,  comUf  horn.'] 


276 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[March, 


But  the  meaning  which  it  has  finally  ac- 
quired in  French  is  far  removed  from  its 
original  signification,  and  connected  solely 
with  the  table.  The  Dictionary  of  the 
Academy  only  recognises  the  word  ch^re, 
as  **un  terme  sous  lequel  on  comprend 
tout  ce  qui  regarde  la  quantity,  la  quality, 
la  d^Iicatesse  des  mets,  et  la  mani^re  de 
les  appr^ter."  This  sense  is  manifestly 
derived  from  a  sort  of  corruption  of  the 
meaning  of  the  expression,  "faire  bonne 
chere  a  quelqu'un,^^6mt^novti//uaccipere 
aliquera,  and  the  original  sense  of  the  kind 
countenance  of  an  entertainer  is  preserved 
in  the  ancient  proverb  mentioned  by  Me- 
nage, '<  Belle  ch^re  vaut  bien  un  mets. 
A  kind  face  or  welcome  is  better  than  a 
delicate  dish."  Shakspere  in  the  later 
sense  employs  the  word  cheer  on  the  other 
side  of  the  antithesis  : 

Small  cheer  and  great  welcome  makes  a  merry 
feast. 

(Comedy  of  Errors,  Act  ill.  sc.  1.) 

The  same  word  was  imported  into  Eng- 
lish, with  its  various  senses  already  par- 
tially developed,and, receiving  inour  tongue 
a  still  further  extension  of  meaning,  it  has 
become  the  parent  of  some  of  the  most  ex- 
pressive words  of  the  language. 

Mr.  Richardson  gives  us  from  WicliflTs 
Bible  a  striking  example  of  the  word  in  its 
original  sense.  "A  man  beholding  his 
natural  face  in  a  glass'*  (James  i.  23)  is 
in  Wicliff's  translation,  "a  man  that  be- 
holdith  the  cheer  of  his  birthe  in  a  myr- 
rour."  From  this  ''natural  face"  was 
easily  derived  the  sense  of  "look"  or 
'*  air."  Chaucer  says  of  his  Prioress  : 
It  pelned  hire  to  contrefeten  chere 
Of  Court,  and  ben  estatellch  of  manere. 

In  the  same  way  the  medieval  French 
used  the  expression  "faire  ciere,"  where 
the  moderns  would  say  "  faire  mine."*     It 
is  in  the  same  sense  that  Spenser  employs 
the  word : 
Right  faithful  true  he  was  in  deed  and  word, 
But  of  his  cheer  did  seem  too  solemn  sad. 
In  the  following  line,  it  is  "look"  or 
"countenance." 
VThan  she  had  swouned  with  a  dedly  chere^ 
That  it  was  reuthe  for  to  see  and  here. 

(Chaucer,  Knightea  Tale.) 
Ducange  furnishes  a  curious  example  of 
the  word  in  this  sense  as  early  as  the  13th 
century.  "  Honestam  ut  ita  dicam  eheriem 
habebat,"  (Hervseus  Eliensis  Episc.  ap. 
Ordericum  Vital,  lib.  6.)  "  He  had,  if  I 
may  so  say,  an  honest  cheer ;"  where  the 
word  does  not  mean  face,  since  in  that  case 
the  writer  would  probably  have  used  the 
Latin  word,  but  *'  air  "  or  **  look." 

From  this  the  transition  is  easy  to  the 


disposition  or  state  of  mind  of  which  the 
countenance  is  the  index.  This  sense  is 
not  uncommon  in  our  poets  and  old 
writers,  and  is  not  to  be  confounded  with 
its  use  in  the  sense  of  "  cheerfulness**  or 
gaiety.  The  expression,  "Be  of  good 
cheer t^'  is  common  in  our  Bible ;  but  with 
a  different  epithet  it  was  as  frequently 
used  to  express  the  contrary  state  of  mind. 
So  Skelton— 

Onr  abbesse  and  pryoresse 

Out  of  theyr  cloyster  and  quere 

With  on  heauye  cheere 

Must  cast  up  their  blacke  vayles. 

(Colin  Clout.) 

And  Milton,  in  Paradise  Lost,  Book  \i. 

He  ended,  and  his  words  their  drooping  chere 
Enlightened,  and  their  languisht  hope  revived. 

Ducange  has  a  curious  instance  of  this 
use  in  an  old  French- Latin  letter  of  the 
year  1352.  "  Barberius  retulit  quod 
facerent .bonam  charam.^*  "The  barber 
brought  back  news  that  they  might  make 
good  cheery**  i.  e.  take  comfort.  There  is 
a  singular  expression  apparently  connected 
with  this  sense  of  the  word,  which  is  not 
easily  explained.  Shakspere  makesTheseus  . 
rouse  Hypolyta  from  a  reverie  with 

Come,  my  Hypolyta,  vohat  cheer ^  my  love  I 
(Midsummer  Kight's  Dream,  Act  i.  sc.  I .) 

and  this  seems  to  have  been  a  common 
formula  of  comfort  or  encouragement.  So 
Wyatt, — cited  in  Mr.  Richardson's  Dic- 
tionary : 

She  chered  her  with,  How,  sister,  vhat  chere ! 

The  sense  of  feasting  and  good  eating 
seems  to  have  been  imported  with  the 
word  from  France.  Chaucer  uses  it  as  a 
French  word : 

For  cosinage  and  eke  for  h^le  chert 

That  he  hath  had  ful  often  times  here. 

(Sliipmannes  Tale.) 

The  meaning  of  the  verb  to  cheer  is  no 
doubt  derived  from  the  significant  action 
of  turning  the  face  to  a  thing  with  which 
one  is  pleased.  This  association  of  ideas 
is  particularly  common  with  Orientals, 
and  the  ordinary  phrases  in  the  Hebrew 
writers  to  express  the  pleasure  or  dis- 
pleasure of  the  Deity  are,  "  the  Lord  hath 
made  his  face  to  shine  on  his  servant," 
and  "  the  Lord  hath  turned  away  his  face 
from  his  servant."  So  in  modern  English 
we  have  coined  the  word  "  to  countenance.^* 
The  proper  sense  of  to  cheer  is  therefore 
to  encourage  by  a  gesture  of  satisfaction. 
Hence  it  derives  the  ideas  of  comforting 
and  gladdening,  and  from  the  verb  are 
derived  the  nouns,  cheerful^  cheery,  cheer- 
fulnetSy  &c.  and  the  substantive  cheer  in 
the  sense  of  cheerfulness,  a  meaning  which 


Ducange,  Gloss,  sub  voce  chara. 


Correspondence  of  Stflvanus  Vrhan* 


%x\f  as  the  time  of 


1853.] 

it  had  acquired  as 
Gower : 

For  the  toke  tbiin  dter*  on  tioode. 

And  clepcth  him  Wr  houwboude. 

(G<nrar,  Courc-«9io  Amauti>,  I.) 

The  expression  "  What  cheer/*  is,  per- 
haps,  to  he  referred  to  the  verb  as  an 
exctamation  :  '*  Whati  cheer  1"  likeShak- 
tpere*fi  What,  cheerly,  my  hearts  1  (Rom, 
Ik  Jul.  i.  5.) 

Milton  has  the  word  eheerlafmess  (or 
cheerfulness  :  ''There  h no  Christian  duty 
that  is  not  to  he  seasoned  and  set  off  with 
cAeeriMhnest:'*   (Doctrine  of  Divorce^  c. 


277 


niu)  and  Mr.  Richardson  connecU  the 
verb  io  cherith  with  the  family  of  worda 
we  are  now  considering.  Spenter  usei 
the  form  to  cherry^ — '*  which  me  in  mirth 
do  lUierry,'* — and  the  substantive  formed 
from  the  ?erb  by  Chaucer  is  "cherUauDce." 
For  1  ne  kn^w  nr>  eheriwiunce. 

(tlomuunt  of  rtft'^c.) 

Cheriih  ia,  however,  properly  derived 
from  the  French  cherir^  as  JInhh  from 
finir  :  eherir  being  of  course  formed  from 
cher,  carus,  like  ffrosm',  ffrandir,fratckir 
from  ffros,  grand ^  and/roi#. 

Yours,  &c,        F.  M.  N, 


The  SociKTY  of  "  Gregokians"  alludkd  to  by  Pofk, 


Ma»  Uhbak,— In  your  Magazine  for 
May  1850*  you  did  me  the  favour  to  in- 
sert a  communication  of  mine  on  the  his- 
tory of  the  Society  of  Gregurians  alluded 
to  by  Pope.  Since  thaf  time  the  kindness 
of  ranoua  friends  has  procured  me  some 
further  particulars,  which  1  beg  to  submit 
to  your  readers. 

Tn  my  former  communication  I  showed 
you  that  about  the  middle  of  the  IBth 
century  the  Gregorians  were  widely  spread 
throughout  the  country,  having  lodges  or 
meetings  in  various  cities  and  large  towns. 
Their  meeting  at  Norwich,  as  I  am  now 
informed,  was  held  at  the  Swan  Inn,  in  a 
ro  0  m  38  feet  by  ^  1.  Ov  e  r  th  e  fi  re  pla  ce,  ti  ea  r 
the  ceiling,  there  still  remain  their  arms. 

Mr.  Newton  became  a  member  of  the 
society  at  Norwich  in  1795.  He  says, 
that  he  was  introduced  to  "  The  Grand  " 
by  Starling  Day,  esq.  and  having  been 
seconded  by  Mr.  Thomas  Day,  his  son, 
wftg  presented  to  the  Grand  in  great  form. 
The  Grand  took  him  by  the  hand  io  a 
peculiar  way,  and  asked  if  he  was  desiroui 
of  becoming  a  member.  Oa  his  replying 
in  the  affirmative,  he  was  sworn  to  keep 
secret  the  rules  of  the  society,  and  thcre- 
upoa  took  a  seat  at  the  tabic  with  the 
other  members.  Badges,  with  the  arms 
of  the  society  engraved  tlureon,  w  ere  worn 
by  the  Grand,  ihe  V' ice  Grand,  and  thos^io 
various  official  capacities;.  All  the  mem- 
bers wore  whit«  leather  aprons.  There 
were  officers  <!ftl]ed  Wardens,  who  ia  the 
processions  of  the  society  walked  Imme- 
diately before  tlie  Grand,  btarini^  the  sword, 
which  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr, 
Hawkins  of  the  British  Muecuuk  It 
bears  the  coat  of  arms  and  the  following 
inscription:  **  William  Smith,  first  Vice 
Grand  of  Cheap  SiJe  Chapter^  171)6.'' 

A  person  who  lived  as  servant  with  a 
Mr.  Fillans,  a  Gregorian,  and  used  to 
wait  upon  hia  master  when  he  attended 
the  dinners  of  the  society,  says  that  im- 
mediately  oti  the  cloth  being  removed,  or 
rather  before  the  table  rould  be  cleart-d, 
he  wai  ordered  to  leave  the  room,  the 


buBinesii  of  the  society  being  of  a  secret 
chijtracter.  Mr,  Moiintney*  who  was  land- 
lord of  the  inn,  was  a  member,  and  fre- 
quently hnished  clearing  the  tahle  himself. 
A  man  was  placed  outside  the  door  of  the 
room  as  a  guard,  and  upon  any  person 
(even  if  a  member)  being  desirous  of  ad- 
mittauce  three  solemu  knocks  were  given 
by  the  guard  before  the  door  was  opened. 
Each  member  wore  a  scarf,  which  passed 
over  the  right  shoulder,  and  was  tied  on 
the  left  side  near  the  hip,  and  reached  a 
little  below  the  knee.  The  scarfs  were  of 
different  colours,  according  to  the  fancies 
of  the  members.  One  of  the  brethren 
was  elected  chuirmuii  or  president  for  the 
year,  and  if  dm*ing  that  period  his  wife 
should  be  confined  with  twins  the  aociety 
presented  him  with  a  cask  of  sack.  Mr. 
Pitlans  had  a  cask  presented  to  him  on  a 
happy  oocatflon  of  that  kind,  and  bo  had 
Mr.  Starling  Day. 

The  siocietyditicd  generally  once  a  month. 
Dinner  way  provided  for  tbirty-fou r.  They 
had  decanters  that  held  three  bottles,  but 
their  w)nc-glaj>fies,  though  of  great  sub- 
stauce,  were  not  larger  than  coin  mon,  The 
decanters  had  their  arms  engraved  upoo 
them,  which,  though  we  cannot  confidently 
hltuEon  heriildically,  we  will  attempt  to  do- 
scribe.  The  tit'ld  is  apparently  Arure^ 
charged  with  a  feas  wavy  urgent,  between 
an  eagle  soaring  to  the  skies  in  chief,  and 
two  serpents, entertwiuod  as  in  the  oaduoeuB 
of  Mercury,  in  base.  The  crest  is  old 
father  Time,  holding  the  handle  of  his 
scythe  and  standing  on  its  blade:  he  is 
crowoed  with  an  hour  glass.  The  inp- 
portera  are, — dexter*  a  winged  dragon ; 
sinister,  an  eagle,  with  a  sunflower  in  his 
beak,  and  his  right  foot  ou  an  orb.  Im- 
mediately below  the  shield  are  three  cha* 
raeters,  apparently  intended  for  a  Hebrew 
word.  Underneath,  two  hands  coujoined; 
below  tliat,  a  star;  and,  beuf^alh  all,  this 
Latin  motto,  ruLG£T  ubiqus  unitab. 

The  society  had  its  customary  summer 
frolic,  going  down  the  river  to  Postwick 
Groye  in  boats,  with  flags » hauueri ,  music, 


lii^^A 


278 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[March, 


and  firing  of  guns.  On  their  return  the 
members  nsually  assembled  at  a  large  house 
in  King-street  called  the  Music  House. 

The  following  are  copies  of  their  cards 
of  invitation  -. — 

"Sir,— The  brethren  of  the  most  an- 
cient and  honorable  order  of  Gregorians, 
belonging  to  the  White  Swan  Chapter  in 
Norwich,  are  desired  to  meet  at  their 
chapter-room  ou  Monday,  the  15th  day  of 
June,  1 789,  at  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening, 
a  gentleman  being  proposed  to  be  th^ 
balloted  for. 

"  By  order  of  the  Grand, 

"  T.  Turner,  Secretary." 

"  Sir, — The  brethren  of  the  most  ancient 
and  honorable  order  of  Gregorians,  be- 
longing to  the  White  Swan  Chapter  in 
Norwich,  are  desired  to  meet  the  rest  of 
their  brethren  at  their  Chapter  Room,  on 
Monday  7th  day  of  May,  1787,  at  six 
o'clock  in  the  evening,  to  meet  the  Mayor 
Elect  on  special  affairs. 

"T.Turner." 

"  Dinner  Ticket. 

"  Sir, — The  Committee  appointed  by  a 
Chapter  of  the  ancient  and  honorable 
order  of  Gregorians  request  the  honor  of 
(  )  company,  to  celebrate  the  Fes- 

tival of  the  Glorious  Revolution  in  1688, 
at  the  Swan  or  King's  Head  Inn,  on 
Wednesday,  5th  November.  Dinner  at 
three  o'clock. — Tickets  Is.  6d.  each,  wine 
included." 

On  3d  May,  1797,  his  Royal  Highness 
Major-Genend  Prince  William  of  Glou- 
cester was  admitted  to  the  freedom  of  the 
city  of  Norwich,  together  with  Sir  Ho- 
ratio Nelson ;  and  on  that  occasion  his 
Royal  Highness  was  initiated  into  the  So- 
ciety of  the  ancient  and  honourable  Gre- 
gorians, and  elected  their  Grand. 

A  portrait  of  Jeremiah  Ives,  placed  in 
St.  Andrew's  Hall,  Norwich,  was  pre- 
sented to  the  city  by  the  Society  of  Gre- 
gorians, of  which  he  was  a  distinguished 
brother. 

In  the  Norwich  Directory  of  1783,  p.46, 
is  the  following  entry : — *'  The  Gregorians 
meet  at  the  White  Swan  Inn  every  Monday 
evening." 

There  were  at  one  time  many  public- 
houses  in  and  about  London  called  the 
**  Three  Gregories,"  a  sign  which  may 
probably  have  been  intended  in  the  same 
light  as  the  Three  Jolly  Butchers,  or  any 
other  trio.  At  this  time  there  is  near  Ber-  . 
mondsey  New  Church  a  public  house  called 
The  Gregorian  Arms,  the  landlord  of  which 
knows  nothing  about  the  Gregorians.  The 
landlady,  more  imaginative,  fancies,  from 
a  picture  with  birds  which  was  left  by  the 
former  landlord,  that  they  were  "  some 
kind  of  bird."  This  picture  is  the  shield 
of  a  bm^  society,  perhaps  a  bnuich  of 


the  Gregorians.  In  the  Rer.  Mr.  Monk- 
house's  Sermons,  mentioned  in  ndy  last 
communication,  there  are  abundant  proofs 
of  their  having  acted  in  that  character. 
The  painting,  about  30  inches  by  22,  con- 
tains  on  a  shield  three  pelicans,  one  and 
two ;  the  crest  also  is  a  pelican,  which  is 
obviously  an  appropriate  symbol  for  m 
benefit  society. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  a  long 
poetical  effusion  on  the  origin  of  the  Gre- 

Crians.     It  was  written  for  the  Norfolk 
>dge,  when  a  Mr.  Woodhouse  filled  the 
office  of  Grand. 

Great  Jove  in  merry  mood  one  day. 

As  seated  on  his  throne. 
To  Hermes  said.  Without  delay 

Be  this  my  pleasure  known. 

Go  tell  each  god  and  goddess  straight 

To  meet  me  in  the  hall ; 
I  've  something  to  communicate 

Will  please  them  one  and  all. 

The  gods,  Hermes  having  executed  his 
mission, 

Assembled  in  the  forum  ; 
Jove  sat  at  head  of  table  placed. 

Like  justice  of  the  quorum. 
Silence  I  he  called  with  thund'ring  sound, 

Which  made  e'en  gods  to  quiver, 
And  earth,  and  the  high  arch  around, 

Like  aspen  leaves  did  shiver. 

Says  he.  Celestials,  on  yon  globe 

Some  free-born  sons  of  earth 
Require  my  aid  to  form  a  club 

Might  give  true  friendship  birth. 

'T  is  done ;  this  scheme  surpasses  all 

Recorded  by  historians. 
And  henceforth  I  will  have  it  call'd 

The  order  of  Gregorians. 

♦  ♦  *  * 

Thas  was  this  gift  by  heaven  design'd 

To  bless  the  British  nation  ; 
And  Hermes  had  this  task  assigned — 

To  find  a  proper  station, 

Where  safely  it  might  be  preserved 

As  pure  as  Jove  first  gave  it ; 
Said  Hermes,  None  have  more  deserved, 

So  Norfolk's  sons  shall  have  it. 

To  break  this  bond  of  unity. 

E'en  Envy's  self  despair, 
Protected  so  by  gods  on  high, 

And  Woodhouse  guards  it  here. 

Another  song,  set  to  music,  is  more  in- 
teresting, on  account  of  having  at  the  head 
of  it  an  illustration  decidedly  engraved 
after  a  sketch  by  Hogarth.  It  occurs  in 
the  second  volume  of  the  Musical  Enter- 
tainer, by  George  Bickam,  junior,  pub- 
lished at  his  house,  the  corner  of  Bedford- 
bury,  New  Street,  Covent  Garden,  about 
the  year  1737.  In  the  engraved  headpiece 
three  groups,  consistJog  altogether  of  Uur<* 


185S.] 


Con^eipondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


are 


teen  male  persons,  are  all  nnging  with  a 
vast  variety  of  effort  and  expression.  Each 
group  has  before  it  a  sheet  of  music  which 
is  entitled  '*  O  !  save  us  all.''  Besides 
the  three  groups,  one  person  standing  be- 
hind them  is  also  shouting  forth  with  great 
animation,  but  the  music  before  him  is 
entitled  "  The  Dragon  of  Wantly."  The 
song  to  which  this  is  the  heading  is  entitled 
'*  The  Merry  Gregs."     It  runs  thus  :-- 

Let  poets  and  historians 
Record  the  brave  Gregorians 

In  long  and  lasting  lays ; 
While  hearts  and  voices  joining, 
in  gladsome  songs  combining, 

Sing  forth  their  deathless  praise. 


If  innocent  variety, 
Content,  and  sweet  society, 

Can  make  us  mortals  blest, 
In  social  love  united. 
With  harmony  delighted, 

We  emulate  the  best. 

Our  friendship  and  affinity 
Surpasses  consanguinity 

Am  gold  surpasses  ore. 
Success  to  every  brother. 
Let  *s  stand  by  one  another. 

Till  time  shall  be  no  more. 

If  further  information  should  occur  to 
me,  you  shall  be  made  acquainted  with  it. 
Tours,  &c.    W.  D.  Haogakd. 
Upper  Mall,  Hammenmiik. 


Escape  of  James  II.  prom  the  Battle  of  the  Botne. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  the  Autobiography 
of  Joseph  Pike,  who  died  in  1729,  aged 
75  years,  is  the  following  note  relative  to 
one  Francis  Randall,  which  may  be  inte- 
resting to  your  readers,*  as  it  introduces 
some  particulars  relative  to  the  escape  of 
James  the  Second  from  Ireland  in  the  year 
1690,  after  his  loss  of  the  Battle  of  the 
Boyne,  which  have  not  hitherto  found  their 
way  into  the  pages  of  more  popular  his- 
torians, nor  are  they  noticed  in  the  excel- 
lent and  elaborate  edition  of  O' Kelly's 
Macariie  Excidium,  published  by  the  Irish 
Archaeological  Society  in  1850.t 

'*  Francis,  son  of  Henry  and  Jane  Ran- 
dall, of  Lyndhurst  in  Hampshire,  came  to 
Ireland  with  the  English  army  in  1 649.  He 
appears  to  have  joined  the  Society  of 
Friends  about  1655,  having  laid  down  his 
military  profession  on  the  conclusion  of 
the  Civil  Wars.  He  settled  at  the  ' '  Deeps 
of  the  Slaney,''  now  Randairs  Mills,  near 
Enniscorthy,  in  the  county  of  Wexford. 
He  suffered  much  persecution  for  his  ad- 
herence to  what  he  believed  to  be  his 
Christian  duty,  particularly  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  the  Second.  In  1662,  for  not  pay- 
ing money  for  christening  his  children, 
and  absenting  himself  from  the  public 
worship,  he  was  excommunicated,  and  upon 
a  writ,  "  excom.  cap."  he  was  imprisoned 
in  the  gaol  of  Wexford  for  above  two  years, 
as  well  as  subsequently  for  some  time  for 


the  attendance  of  the  religious  meetings 
of  the  society  to  which  he  belonged. 

"  In  1 090,  King  James,  when  flying  in 
distress  after  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne,  •ii4 
almost  without  attendants,  not  knowing 
on  whom  to  depend  for  assistance  to  reach 
Duncannon  Fort,  near  to  which  a  French 
ship  of  war  waited  to  convey  him  to  France, 
recollecting  that  Francis  Randall  had  often 
visited  his  camp  to  obtain  the  restoration 
of  horses  for  himself  and  his  friends,  and 
the  King  believing  he  could  depend  on  his 
fidelity,  determined  to  trust  his  person  in 
hu  hands,  and  accordingly  proceeded  from 
Enniscorthy  to  his  house.  But,  being  ob- 
served by  a  party  of  men  employed  by 
Francis  Randall  in  fittin|f  out  a  small 
vessel,  they  proposed  seizmg  on  him  to 
obtain  a  large  reward,  when  Francis  Ran- 
dall interposed,  and  would  not  suffer  the 
least  interference  with  his  guest  On  taking 
him  into  his  house,  observing  the  danger 
the  King  was  in  Arom  the  putols  in  his 
belt  being  cocked,  he  took  uem,  and,  ad- 
justing them,  renuurked  the  risk  to  the  de- 
jected monarch,  who  replied,  that  h^  had 
not  noticed  it.  After  getting  some  re- 
freshment, Francis  Randall  sent  his  soil, 
with  fresh  horses,  to  escort  him  to  the 
fort,  which  he  reached  in  safety.  The  King 
left  a  token  of  his  gratitpde  for  FrancS 
Randall's  kindness,  which  is  still  in  pot- 
session  of  his  descendants.*^ 


*  It  occurs  at  p.  105  of  the  fifth  volume  of  "  A  select  series,  Biographical,  Narra- 
tive, Epistolary,  and  Miscellaneous,  chiefly  the  production  of  early  Members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  intended  to  illustrate  the  spiritual  character  of  the  Gospel  of 
Christ :''  edited  by  the  late  John  Barclay,  of  Stoke  Newington. 
'  t  The  following  is  James's  own  account  of  this  journey  in  his  Memoirs  :— "  The 
King  ....  setting  out  about  five  in  the  morning,  marched  leisurely  to  Bray,  about 
ten  miles  from  Dublin,  where  he  ordered  the  two  troops  he  had  with  him  to  stay  till 
tweUe  at  noon  to  defend  that  bridge  as  long  as  they  could,  if  any  party  of  the  enemy 
should  fortune  to  follow  them  ;  and  then  continued  on  hu  journey  tiirough  lihe  hillfl  of 
Wick  low,  with  a  few  persons,  till  he  came  to  one  Mr.  Hacket's  hoose  near  Arclo, 
where  he  baited  his  horses  some  two  hours,  and  then  followed  on  his  journey  to  Dun- 
cannon.*    The  King  ....  travelfing  all  night,  got  to  Dimcannon  about  sunrise,*' 


280 


Notes  of  the  Month, 
The  Family  of  Lord  Widdrington. 


[March, 


Mr.  URBA-v,r— Your  Correspondent 
L.  L.  (p.  174)  seems  to  have  doubts  as  to 
theWiddrington  family  having  been  Roman 
Catholics.  There  can,  I  apprehend,  be 
little  doubt  of  that  fact.  If  L.  L.  will  refer 
to  the  proceedings  in  the  Rolls  Court, 
18  Feby.  1837,  "The  Attorney-General 
V.  Todd,"he  will  find  a  case  argued  wherein 
Mrs.  Ursula  Mounteney,  a  Roman  Ca- 
tholic, devises  certain  estates,  by  reason  of 
the  malignity  of  the  times,  to  her  honorable 
friend  William  Lord  Widdrington,  for  such 
purposes  (Roman  Catholic)  as  she  would 
by  deed,  which  she  executed  in  1630,  set 
forth.  Mr.  Pemberton,  one  of  the  counsel 


employed,  mentioned  to  me  that  in  the 
deeds  Mrs.  Ursula  Mounteney  styles  Lord 
Widdrington  her  kinaman. 

Howitt's  Visits  to  Celebrated  Places, 
2nd  Series,  p.  405,  has  some  details  respect- 
ing the  Widdrington  family — the  Extinct 
Peerage  I  need  not,  of  course,  mention. 

There  resided  at  Camberwell  a  few  years 
ago  a  publican  named  Wriddington,  the 
sign  of  whose  house  was  the  Wriddiriffton 
Arms.  He  gave  himself  out  as  the  male 
representative  of  the  last  Lord  Wridding- 
ton, but  whether  with  any  truth  or  not  I 
am  quite  unable  to  state.  Yours,  &c. 
Barclay  de  Mounteney. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Formation  of  the  Aichitectural  Museum— Sale  of  Mr.  Pugin's  Mediteval  Collection— The  Armoury  at 
the  Tower  of  London— The  Beauchamp  Tower— Crypt  at  Aldgate— Discoveries  in  Egypt—The 
Heraldic  Grievances  of  Scotland— Memorials  to  Dean  Merewether  and  Mr.  Bailey  at  Hereford 
Cathedral— Elections  at  the  Koyal  Academy— The  School  of  Design— Muaeum  of  Science  at  Oxford 
—Wellington  College— University  of  Cambridge— Coalbrook  Dale  Gates— Sale  of  the  Diorama 
—The  Photograpliic  Society— Illustrations  of  Pompeii  and  Herculaneum- Remains  of  Pagan 
Saxondom. 


We  are  delighted  to  find  that  effective 
measures  have  at  length  been  taken  for 
the  formation  of  a  Museum  of  Architec- 
tural and  Monumental  Casts.  We  have 
on  more  than  one  occasion  expressed  our 
views  on  such  a  design,  and  lamented  the 
difficulty  which  appeared  to  present  itself 
in  London  from  the  amount  of  room  which 
is  necessarily  required.  It  is  well  known 
that  the  British  Museum,  with  all  its  space, 
has  been  deemed  too  small  for  the  ad- 
mission of  such  objects.  The  small  col- 
lection of  Sir  John  Soane,  in  Lincoln's- 
Inn-fields,  is  minute  and  finical  like  its 
receptacle  ;  whilst  that  which  was  closely 
packed  together  in  the  domicile  of  the  late 
Mr.  Cottingham  has  been  already  dis- 
persed. A  building  has  now  been  found 
which,  though  of  humble  structure,  is  at 
least  spacious  and  commodious,  and  in  a 
convenient  locality.  In  the  rear  of  Rich- 
mond-terrace, W^hitehall,  is  a  range  of  old 
timber  warehouses,  which  are  approached 
from  Parliament- street  and  Cannon-row, 
and  which,  when  suitably  divided,  will 
form  two  suites  of  apartments,  admirably 
calculated  for  the  assortment  of  the  col- 
lection in  successive  periods.  The  design 
is  set  on  foot  by  the  effectual  exertions  of 
Mr.  G.  Gilbert  Scott,  the  architect  of 
Westminster  Abbey,  who  acts  as  treasurer 
and  secretary  pro  tem.  and  who  is  sup- 
ported by  a  committee  of  architects  well 
known  for  their  zeal  in  promoting  a  true 
taste  in  architectural  art.  Most  of  these 
7 


gentlemen  have  already  contributed  casts 
which  were  in  their  possession,  and  the 
Ecclesiological  Society  has  also  been  a 
contributor  to  a  considerable  extent.  Mr. 
Philip  the  sculptor  has  given  several  casts 
from  the  fine  ornamental  sculptures  of 
Lincoln  cathedral,  and  Mr.  Scott  himself 
has  procured  some  from  the  singularly 
fine  figures  whiph  fill  the  spandrels  between 
the  arches  of  the  Angel  choir  in  that 
church,  the  merits  of  which  were  ex- 
hibited with  so  much  enthusiasm  by  Pro- 
fessor Cockerell  at  the  visit  of  the  Archeeo- 
logical  Institute,  and  subsequently  shown 
by  engravings  in  the  Archaeological  Jour- 
nal.  Mr.  Kuskin  has  supplied  some  casts 
from  Venice,  especially  a  remarkably  fine 
head  of  St.  Simeon,  of  the  date  1317,  and 
thus  marked  with  the  sculptor's  name : — 

Celavit  Marcus  opUH  hoc  insigne,  Komanis 
Laudibus  non  i>arvis  est  sua  digna  manus. 

The  other  objects  already  assembled  are 
numerous ;  for  many  gentlemen  have  re- 
joiced to  find  a  safe  receptacle  for  articles 
which  in  confined  offices  must  often  prove 
incumbrances,  though  they  are  unwilling 
to  have  them  destroyed.  Additions  will 
be  made  by  duplicates  from  the  models 
collected  by  Sir  Charles  Barry  for  the 
works  of  the  new  Houses  of  Parliament, 
that  collection  itself  having  been  already 
presented  to  the  Museum  of  Practical 
Art.  It  is  desirable  that  further  intended 
donations  should  be  made  at  oncef   in 


1858.] 


NotfH  of  the  Month. 


281 


I 


MJrder  thnf  they  may  be  included  in  the 
caUlog%ie  wbicU  is  in  the  coarse  of  pre- 
pamtioD.  The  funds  arising  fiom  sab- 
scnptions  will  be  directed  to  procuring  a 
selection  of  the  best  exttmples  at  borne 
|md  jibroad,  and  particularly  objects  from 
places  not  generally  accessible.  The  prc- 
ient  collection  only  requirea  arrangement, 
and  the  completion  of  the  Catalogue  now 
in  couree  of  formation,  to  become  a  moat 
interestiog  exhibition  ;  but  it  is  cl»iefly  as 
a  school  of  art  that  ita  utility  vrill  be 
proved,  it  is  undoubtedly  of  great  im- 
portance that  the  practical  artists  who 
cannot  afford  the  means  of  travelling  tn 
senrch  of  models  should  have  such  a 
means  of  reference  to  the  best  productions 
of  former  times  ;  for  without  some  such 
aid  the  ideas  of  an  architect  can  ficarcely 
be  effectirely  carried  out ;  and  wo  are 
pleased  to  find  that  a  school  of  &omc 
twenty  pupils  ha«  already  been  formed  for 
stndri  under  the  tuition  of  the  curator, 
Mr.  C.  Bruce  Allen. 

The  interest  which  is  now  tuken  in 
works  of  roediroval  art  wais  demonstrated 
at  the  sale  of  the  Collection  of  the  late 
A.  JVelby  Puffin^  by  Messrs.  Sothcby  and 
Wilkinson,  an  the  1 2th  Fob.  The  name  of 
that  distingnished  artist  had  the  effect  of 
gathering  a  numerous  conapaiiy,  and  the 
prices  given  were  proportionately  high, 
A  long  range  of  saints  carved  in  oak  oc- 
cupied a  great  epacc,  but  they  were  ge- 
nerally of  an  inferior  style  of  art.  The 
most  precious  objects  wert;  the  carvings 
in  ivoi-y  ;  most  of  which  were  bought  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Rufsself.  Large  prices  were 
given  for  the  Rjiffaelle  and  Majolica  ware, 
of  which  there  were  many  fioe  specimens. 
Lot  8*,  the  upper  part  of  a  fine  brass,  by 
tlte  i^ame  artist  as  the  St.  Alban'ti  specimen, 
of  the  fourteenth  century, sold  for  24/.  10*. ; 
and  lot  135,  a  silver  diptych  of  the  four- 
teenth century,  representing  the  salutation 
and  coronation  of  the  Virgin,  for  '23t.  10*. 
The  whole  sale  amounted  to  429/.  10*,  Gd, 
Mr.  Pugin's  library  had  been  previously 
sold,  and  produced  1,083/.  12*.  Hd,  The 
"Microcosm/*  with  Pugin^s  own  draw- 
ings, was  bought  by  Mr.  Tito  for  13/, 

Tn  connection  with  u  snle  which  occu- 
pied the  two  preceding  days,  that  of  the 
collection  of  the  Conte  di  Milatio  of 
Sicily,  a  serious  charge  has  been  brought 
again&t  two  of  our  public  departments. 
One  of  the  lota  conaisted  of  a  remarkably 
line  auit  of  Greek  armour.  It  was  stated 
by  a  correspondent  of  the  Times  that  the 
agent  of  the  Board  of  Ordnance  and  the 
agent  of  the  British  Museum  were  for 
tome  time  pitted  one  against  the  other 
in  the  sale-room,  and  that  nt  last  the  lot 
was  purchaied  by  the  former,  at  a  greatly 
cidtancrd  price  {2i>21.  10j».),  for  theeollir- 
Gknt.  MAr,.  VgjL^XXXlX. 


tion  at  tlic  Tower.  There  appears  to  have 
been  some  truth  in  the  account,  and  it  ia 
certainly  to  be  regretted  that  there  shauld 
ever  be  wanting  on  such  occnsions  a  pro- 
per understanding  between  two  depart- 
ments of  the  public  service ;  but  we 
are  assured,  after  all,  that  the  agent 
of  the  British  Museum  held  also  a  sicrond 
aonamission  for  n  private  parLy,  and  that 
it  was  actually  that  com  mission,  and 
not  the  commission  for  the  Museum 
(which  was  inferior  in  amount)  that  was 
finnlly  opposed  to  the  Board  of  Ord- 
nance. Of  the  extreme  curiosity  and 
importance  of  the  armour  itself  there  can 
be  no  question,  and  it  is  certainly  one  of 
the  most  curious  objects  nofvin  the  Tower 
armoury-  It  conststa  of  a  breast- plate, 
with  an  embossed  head  of  Medusa  and 
other  ornamental,  a  back- plate,  neck-  pie ce^ 
embossed  with  a  comic  mask,  belt,  knee- 
pieces,  greaves,  spear -head,  dagger,  and  a 
very  remarkable  helmet,  which  is  winged, 
and  has  spiral  orifices  for  holding  the 
hcro^a  crest.  It  is  understood  to  be  part 
of  the  valuable  treasures  recently  exhumed 
at  Cumie,  of  which  a  very  small  pro- 
portion —  and  that  it  is  sidd  surrep- 
titiously—1ms  been  allowed  to  lea^e  the 
country, 

A  writer  m  **The  Builder''  (of  the 
Sth  Jan.)  had  previously  opened  a  discus- 
sion as  to  the  manflgemenc  of  the  Armoury 
at  the  Tower,  into  which,  he  states,  ad^ 
mission  has  been  recently  given  to  several 
'*  imitations "  at  the  price  of  genuine 
articles  of  antiquity ;  whilst  at  the  same 
time  some  highly  curious  specimens  have 
been  allowed  to  escape, — as  the  magnificent 
suit  in  which  Sir  Philip  Sydney  was  slain, 
which  has  been  carried  to  St.  Petersburgh; 
a  helmet  of  tbe  twelfth  century,  gone  to 
Warwick  castle ;  another,  of  the  time  of 
Edward  III.  sold  to  Lord  Londes borough; 
and  a  vixored  basinet,  with  cam  ail  ap- 
pendant, to  a  purchaser  in  Paris.  It  ap- 
pears that  tbe  **  imitators '*  have  attained 
^o  high  a  pitch  of  skill  that  it  is  not  ira- 
probftble  that  the  curator*  of  the  Armoary, 
though  exercising  constant  vigilance,  hove 
in  some  ciises  been  imposed  upon.  A  re- 
markable instance  is  the  **  winged  bur< 
gonet  of  the  sixteenth  century,*'  of  which 
an  engraving  was  published  in  tbe  Archseo- 
logicai  Journal  of  October  last,  its  ex- 
cellent workmanship  having  deceived  all 
the  antiquaries  to  whose  notice  it  had  been 
presented.  This  is  now  stated  to  be  one 
of  several  which  have  been  fabricated  by 
** a  clever  foreign  artist^'*  and  to  be  mo- 
delled partly  from  a  specimen  in  the 
Ambras  collection  at  Vienna. 

Mr.  Hewitt  of  tbe  Office  of  Or  liiance, 
who  is  wellacquaintednitb  IheTowercollec* 
tioB,  (and  was  heretofore  actively  rn^iji^d 
2  0 


282 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[March, 


in  its  management,)  has  ably  vindicated 
the  conduct  of  his  department  in  a  commu- 
nication to  The  Builder  of  the  5th  Feb. 
It  appears  that  the  winged  burgonet  was 
purchased  from  Mr.  Falcke  a  dealer  in 
Oxford-street,  with  an  intimation  that  it 
came  from  Florence ;  but  subsequent  in- 
quiries confirm  very  strongly  its  suspected 
Vienna  origin.  At  the  same  time,  Mr. 
Hewitt  asserts  the  general  vigilance  of  the 
Tower  authorities  as  a  part  of  their  adopted 
system,  and  he  gives  several  remarkable 
instances  of  its  exercise.  One  of  these 
was  the  very  helmet  which  the  former 
writer  states  to  have  "  gone  to  Warwick 
castle."  This  helmet  "  of  the  twelfth 
century  "  was  brought  to  the  Tower  with 
an  assertion  that  it  had  been  found  at 
Eynesford  castle  in  Kent  ;  but  it  was  as- 
certained that  no  such  discovery  could 
have  been  made  there  for  the  last  quarter 
of  a  century.  Again,  another  helmet  was 
offered  for  purchase,  with  a  boast  that  it 
had  been  purloined  from  a  church  in 
Berkshire ;  the  church  was  visited  per- 
sonally by  Mr.  Hewitt,  no  broken  pane 
through  which  the  thief  could  have  crept 
was  to  be  found,  and  no  reminiscence  of 
the  helmet  existed  in  the  memory  of  "  the 
oldest  inhabitant.''  That  helmet  was  of 
course  refused.  But,  in  another  case,  a 
basinet  was  purchased  from  Mr.  Pratt  of 
Bond-street,  who  is  admitted  to  hold  a 
foremost  position  for  respectability  in  his 
dealings.  It  was  said  to  be  the  identical 
head-piece  worn  by  Robert  du  Bois,  and 
to  have  been  removed  from  his  tomb  in 
Fersfield  church,  Norfolk.  After  making 
every  search  that  books  could  afford  for 
any  notice  of  this  relic, — which  was  not 
likely  to  have  been  overlooked,  as  Fers- 
field was  the  rectory  of  Blomefield  the 
Norfolk  historian,  and  the  effigy  of  Du 
Bois  was  etched  by  Stothard,  Mr.  Hewitt, 
through  the  Secretary  of  the  Norfolk  Ar- 
chaeological Society,  made  inquiry  of  the 
present  incumbent,  and  received  the  fol- 
lowing reply :  "  The  tomb  of  Sir  Robert 
du  Bois  has  been  recently  restored  by  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk.  It  bears  the  date  of 
1311.  There  is  not  the  slightest  vestige 
of  any  ironwork  on  which  the  basinet 
might  have  been  supported.  There  is  a 
full  description  of  the  tomb  in  Blome- 
field's  Norfolk,  i.  69  :  no  mention  is  made 
of  any  armour."  These  anecdotes,  whilst 
they  testify  to  the  scientific  zeal  which 
has  actuated  the  curators  of  the  Tower 
armoury,  afford  fresh  evidence  of  the  chi- 
canery which  pervades  the  "trade"  in 
articles  of  »ir/M,  and  suggest  the  applica- 
tion of  a  penal  retribution,  where  decep- 
tion can  be  proved  to  have  been  wilfully 
and  fraudulently  exercised. 

Another  interesting  occurrence  at  the 


Tower  of  London  is  the  restoration,  under 
the  direction  of  Mr.  Salvin,  of  the  Beau- 
champ  Towerf  the  walls  of  which  are 
carved  with  so  many  memorials  of  the 
state  prisoners  of  former  times.  It  has 
hitherto  been  occupied  as  officers'  quarters; 
but  will  now,  as  we  understand,  be  exhi- 
bited to  the  public.  The  more  important 
sculptures  are  known  from  engravings  in 
the  Archseologia  and  in  Bayley's  History 
of  the  Tower :  a  few  others  have  been  dis- 
closed during  the  recent  works. 

Attention  has  been  directed  during  the 
month  to  another  of  the  ancient  Crypts 
which  still  exist  in  various  parts  of  the 
City  of  London.  This  remain — which, 
probably  with  an  eye  to  trade,  its  occupier, 
Mr.  Brown  (71,  Leadenhall-street),  has 
by  public  advertisement  invited  all  "  an- 
tiquarians "  to  visit — is  situated  at  the 
south-east  comer  of  Leadenhall-street, 
directly  opposite  to  Aldgate  pump,  and 
measures  48  feet  firom  fiorth  to  south  by 
16  from  east  to  west.  The  walls  are  con- 
structed of  chalk,  and  the  arches  of  stone, 
with  sculptured  bosses.  The  present  height 
from  the  ground  to  the  crown  of  the  arches 
is  ten  feet,  but  there  is  supposed  to  be  a 
considerable  accumulation  of  soil.  It  is 
said  to  have  belonged  to  the  desecrated 
church  of  St.  Michael  next  Aldgate.  It 
must  not,  however,  be  supposed  to  be  any 
new  discovery.  A  view  of  it  is  given  in 
Wilkinson's  Londina  lUustrata,  and  be- 
fore, in  1799,  another  appeared  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  LTX.  p.  293. 

The  Daily  News  announces  the  disin- 
terment in  Kgypt  of  a  buried  city  named 
Sacckarehf  at  about  five  hours*  journey 
from  Cairo,  near  the  First  Cataract.  The 
head  of  a  ^hinx  appearing  above  the 
ground,  a  French  gentleman  commenced 
his  excavations,  and  at  length  laid  open  a 
street  1,600  yards  in  length,  which  con- 
tained thirty-eight  granite  sarcophagi,  each 
of  which  weighed  about  sixty-eight  tons. 
They  appeared  to  have  held  the  ashes  of 
sacred  animals.  The  French  gentleman 
has  got  a  grant  of  the  spot  from  the 
Egptiau  pacha,  and  has  exhumed  great 
quantities  of  curiosities.  At  Alexandria, 
just  above  the  square,  and  near  the  Greek 
church,  there  has  been  laid  open  the 
foundation  of  what  is  believed  to  be  the 
once  famous  Alexandrian  Library,  de- 
stroyed by  the  Caliph  Omar. 

A  large  proportion  of  the  newspaper 
press,  led  on  by  the  Times,  has  raised  an 
ill-natured  but  ignorant  shout  of  ridicule 
against  some  patriotic  Scotchmen,  under 
the  title  of  An  Heraldic  Grievance.  Those 
gentlemen,  impressed  with  a  due  respect 
for  truth  and  accuracy  in  heraldic  symbols, 
— which  somehow  or  other  still  maintain 
their  share  of  observance  in  this  practical 


185a.] 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


283 


age,  had  presented  a  petition  to  the  Lord 
LyoQ  King  of  Arms,  the  Earl  of  Kiunoul, 
setting  forth  the  following  complaints  : — 

1.  That,  whereas  it  has  always  been 
customary  from  the  accession  of  James  I. 
to  the  throne  of  England  in  1603,  and  the 
consequent  quartering  of  the  arms  of  the 
two  kingdoms,  that  in  Scotland  the  arms 
of  that  kingdom  should  have  the  prece- 
dence, "  it  has  been  the  practice  for  some 
time  past  to  display  upon  the  forts  and 
military  garrisons  of  this  kingdom,  and 
particularly  upon  the  Castle  of  Edinburgh, 
upon  anniversaries,  certain  flags  and  royal 
standards  quartered  with  the  arms  of  Great 
Britain,  as  borne  in  England,  and  not  as 
borne  in  Scotland,  in  so  far  that  the  lion 
rampant,  being  the  royal  arms  of  Scotland, 
is  placed  in  the  second  quarter  of  the  said 
standards,  and  not  in  the  first  and  fourth, 
and  the  arms  of  the  kingdom  of  England 
are  placed  in  the  first  and  fourth,  and  not 
in  the  second." 

2.  "That  the  Union  Standard  displayed 
upon  the  said  forts  is  the  Union  as  borne 
in  England,  and  not  as  borne  in  Scotland, 
the  cross  of  St.  Andrew  being  placed  be- 
hind the  cross  of  St.  George,  instead  of  in 
front  thereof,  and  having  a  red  stripe  run 
through  the  arms  thereof,  for  which  there 
is  no  precedent  in  law  or  heraldry." 

3.  "That  the  new  2«. -piece,  called 
*  a  florin,'  which  has  lately  been  reissued, 
bears  upon  the  reverse  of  Her  Majesty's 
head  four  crowned  shields,  the  first  or 
uppermost  bearing  the  three  lions  passant 
of  England  ;  the  second,  or  right  hand 
proper,  the  harp  of  Ireland  ;  the  third, 
or  left  hand  proper,  the  lion  rami)ant  of 
Scotland ;  the  fourth,  or  lower,  the  three 
lions  of  England  repeated.  Your  peti- 
tioners beg  to  direct  your  lordship's  at- 
tention to  the  position  occupied  by  the 
arms  of  Scotland  upon  this  coin,  which 
are  placed  in  the  third  shield  instead  of 
the  second  ;  a  preference  being  given  to 
the  arms  of  Ireland  over  those  of  this 
kingdom." 

4.  **That  the  imperial  crown,  which 
from  time  immemorial  has  been  borne 
upon  the  head  of  the  Unicorn,  the  sup- 
porter of  Scotland  in  the  arms  of  Great 
Britain,  has  been  struck  from  its  head 
upon  the  great  seal  of  Great  Britain  used 
in  England,  and  all  other  official  seals 
used  there." 

The  argument  maintained  by  the  Times, 
in  opposition  to  this  remonstrance,  is  this : 
that,  heraldic  symbols  being  utterly  worth- 
less, and  of  no  more  importance  than  a 
*•  particular  checked  pattern  for  a  pair  of 
trowsers,"  they  may  be  assumed  or  changed 
at  pleasure  :  that  it  is  perfectly  indifferent 
whether  they  are  correctly  or  incorrectly 
displayed ;  and  that  the  heraldry  of  a  stage 


melodrame  or  of  the  London  cabs  is  just 
as  good  as  that  of  the  College  of  Arms. 
We  have  always  maintained  that  there  are 
two  respects  in  which  heraldry  is  valuable; 
the  one  as  a  means  of  historical  evidence, 
the  other  as  a  branch  of  the  &rt8  of  design  : 
whilst  in  both  respects,  as  with  other 
things,  nothing  can  be  really  estimable 
but  what  is  true.  The  first  claim  is  so  fully 
admitted  by  those  who  have  taken  the 
least  trouble  to  investigate  it,  that  it  is 
unnecessary  to  advocate  it  on  this  occasion. 
It  is  merely  a  wilful  prejudice  that  can 
make  any  person  blind  to  it.  The  other 
is  now  more  fully  appreciated  than  it  was 
even  a  few  years  since.  The  Houses 
of  Parliament,  the  Medieeval  Court  at  the 
Great  Exhibition,  and  the  many  excellent 
productions  of  modern  carvers  and  glass- 
painters,  have  awakened  the  public  atten* 
tion  to  the  capabilities  of  heraldic  art. 
And  shall  we  be  told  that  true  taste, 
correct  marshalling,  and  accurate  delinea- 
tion, are  unimportant  even  on  the  na- 
tional standard  or  on  the  coins  of  the 
realm  ?  Is  anything  like  art  to  be 
disregarded  in  our  current  money, — '*so 
that  enough  of  the  commodity  can  be  pro- 
cured, and  that  it  will  pass  for  the  value  it 
professes  to  represent  ?"  These  are  sen- 
timents which  do  not  become  a  civilised 
country  or  a  civilised  age.  It  is  true  that 
on  most  of  our  silver  coins  the  armorial 
and  other  devices  which  used  to  adorn 
their  reverses  have  given  place  to  the  bald 
announcements  of  one  shilling  or  six 
PENCE.  We  lament  it  much  :  and  hope 
to  witness  a  recurrence  to  the  former  prac- 
tice. But  at  any  rate,  wherever  the  na- 
tional emblems  are  still  displayed,  whether 
in  metal  or  in  stone,  in  banners  or  in  pic- 
tures, if  there  be  a  right  and  a  wrong  al- 
ternative the  right  should  be  maintained:* 
and,  though  the  wishes  of  the  Scotish 
petitioners  may  be  overborne  by  an  asser- 
tion of  the  superiority  of  the  imperial  to 


*  A  remarkable  instance  of  a  persevering 
maintenance  in  a  government  department 
of  the  old  arrangement  of  the  royal  arms 
recently  passed  under  our  observation. 
It  was  the  stamp  to  the  probate  of  a  will 
just  issued  from  the  Prerogative  Court : 
showing  that  in  the  Stamp-office  dies  are 
still  used  which  were  made  before  the 
year  1801.  We  remember  that  the  Elec- 
toral bonnet  of  the  empire,  though  ex- 
changed for  the  Crown  of  Hanover  at  the 
congress  of  Vienna,  remained  unaltered 
on  all  the  mail-coaches  for  many  years 
after.  It  would  be  different  in  France  : 
where  so  many  lilies  and  bees  have  been 
alternately  swept  away.  Still  we  cannot 
but  congratulate  ourselves  upon  this  in- 
aptitude to  change. 


284 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[March, 


the  merely  provincial  marshalment  of  the 
national  insignia,  they  by  no  means  deserve, 
as  gentlemen  and  as  scholars,  to  be  held  up 
to  ridicule  for  representations  in  which 
they  are  technically  correct,  and  in  the 
assertion  of  which  they  have  been  ac- 
tuated by  those  feelings  of  ancient  pa- 
triotism which  have,  from  generation  to 
generation,  preserved  a  fine  spirit  of  ho- 
nourable nationality  among  our  northern 
countrymen. 

We  have  received  a  brief  Description 
(prepared  for  the  Vergers)  of  the  Memo- 
rials erected  in  Hereford  Cathedral  to  the 
late  Dean  Merewether  and  Joseph  Bailey, 
esq.  M.P.  For  the  former  purpose  it  was 
resolved  that  the  eastern  lancet  windows 
of  the  Lady  Chapel  should  be  filled  with 
painted  glass.  The  windows  are  five  in 
number,  and  a  beautiful  example  of  the 
Early  English  style,  having  an  interior 
arcade  of  exceeding  richness  and  elabo- 
rate decoration.  The  design  of  the  painted 
glass,  prepared  by  the  architect  Mr.  N.  J. 
Cottingham,  comprises  a  series  of  twenty- 
one  subjects  from  the  life  of  our  Lord, 
in  medallions  surrounded  by  rich  floriated 
ornament,  borders,  &c.  of  the  conven- 
tional character  of  the  1.3th  century. 
Below  is  placed  this  inscription  : 

^  In  memoriam  Johannis  Merewether 
sacre  theologie  professoris  ecclesie  Here- 
fordensis  decani  quo  strenuo  fautore  hujus 
sacre  aedis  restitutio  feliciter  est  inchoata. 
Obiit  pridie  nonas  Aprilis  anno  Domini 
Millesimo  octingentesimo  quinquagesimo. 

The  twenty- one  subjects  occupy  the  five 
lancets  at  the  east  end  of  the  Lady  Chapel ; 
and  it  is  intended  that  the  series  of  sub- 
jects, which  now  extends  to  the  Supper  in 
the  house  of  Mary  and  Martha,  shall  be 
consecutively  pursued  and  completed  in 
the  three  eastern  windows  of  the  choir. 
One  of  these  is  already  in  its  place ;  the 
other  two  await  the  liberality  of  some 
pious  benefactor. 

The  Bailey  Memorial  consists  of  an 
altar- screen  designed  by  Mr.  Cottingham, 
with  a  bust  of  the  deceased,  by  Mr.  J. 
Evan  Thomas,  which  is  placed  at  its  rear. 
The  screen  is  erected  across  the  great 
Norman  arch  at  the  eastern  end  of  the 
choir,  and  the  design  consists  of  a  dado  of 
the  height  of  the  altar,  of  elaliorately 
carved  panels,  inlaid  with  coloured  mar- 
bles ;  above  which,  resting  on  an  enriched 
moulded  sill,  is  a  series  of  five  deeply  re- 
cessed panels,  containing  subjects  in  alto- 
relievo  from  our  Lord's  Passion,  viz.  The 
Agony  in  the  Garden,  the  Bearing  of  the 
Cross,  the  Crucifixion,  the  Resurrection, 
and  the  Three  Maries  at  the  Sepulchre. 
Above  are  docketed  pediments,  a  range 
of  semi-detached  shafts,  and  a  perforated 
cresting  in  detached  foliated  capitals,  sup- 


porting at  intervals  six  figures  of  angels 
with  wings  prect,  bearing  the  emblems  of 
the  Passion.  On  the  reverse  of  the  Screen 
its  surface  to  the  height  of  eight  feet  is 
covered  with  a  carved  diaper,  which  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  continuous  panelling  con- 
taining enamelled  shields  of  the  armorial 
bearings  and  monogram  of  Mr.  Bailey. 
The  whole  of  this  work  is  in  Caen  stone, 
and  has  been  executed  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  Cottingham  by  Mr.  W.  Boulton  of 
Lambeth.  Mr.  Thomas's  bust  of  the  de- 
ceased is  placed  upon  a  pedestal  of  polished 
granite,  with  the  following  inscription  : 

**  To  perpetuate  the  memory  of  Joseph 
Bailey,  junior,  esquire  (for  more  than 
nine  years  representative  of  this  county  in 
the  House  of  Commons),  this  bust  and 
altar-screen  are  erected  in  the  cathedral 
which  his  piety  assisted  to  restore,  not 
only  by  those  united  to  him  by  the  ties  of 
kindred  or  private  friendship,  but  by  a 
general  and  voluntary  subscription  of  the 
many,  who  knew  and  appreciated  his 
worth.  For  the  great  benevolence  of  his 
disposition  and  courtesy  of  his  manners 
he  was  universally  beloved.  For  the  sound 
judgment,  the  strict  integrity,  and  the 
active  energy  manifested  in  the  many  and 
arduous  duties  of  his  station,  he  was  valued 
and  admired.  Firmly  relying  on  the  merits 
of  his  Redeemer,  his  fortitude  unshaken 
by  the  pressure  of  a  lingering  and  com- 
plicated disease,  he  was  removed  out  of  this 
world  the  31st  day  of  August,  mdcccl. 
in  the  39th  year  of  his  age.  Wife,  chil- 
dren, father,  brothers,  friends,  his  county, 
deplore  their  loss." 

The  Royal  Academicians  have  repaired 
the  blank  left  in  their  body  by  the  death 
of  Mr.  Turner,  by  the  name  of  one  whose 
titles  the  public  have  long  recognised — 
Mr.  William  Powell  Frith.  On  the  same 
evening  the  vacancy  in  the  list  of  Associate 
Engravers  was  filled  by  the  election  of  Mr. 
L.  Stocks. 

The  necessity  of  completing  without 
further  delay  the  new  buildings  at  Somer- 
set House,  now  erecting  for  the  Inland 
Revenue  Offices,  and  of  consolidating  the 
public  offices  on  that  site,  has,  we  believe, 
induced  the  Government  to  determine  on 
the  immediate  removal  of  the  School  of 
Desiyn  from  Somerset  House.  The  op- 
portunity will,  we  are  informed,  be  seized, 
of  effecting  a  public  improvement  which 
will  greatly  increase  the  usefulness  of  the 
School.  Instead  of  having  but  one  cen- 
tral school  of  art  for  the  whole  of  the 
metropolis,  arrangements  in  concert  with 
local  authorities  will  be  made  to  carry  out 
the  wishes  often  expressed  of  establishing 
district  schools  in  several  parts  of  London. 
The  improvement  will  not  stop  here ;  as 
facilities  will  thus  be  created  for  teachiDg 


1833.] 


Noten  of  the  Month, 


iJ85 


I 


elemeutary  drflwing  in  any  parochial  schools 
wbich  may  desire  to  have  it.  The  few 
students  in  the  higher  atttges  of  instructioa 
at  Somei-set  House  will  be  remoYed  to 
Marlborough  Houae,  where  they  %-ill  be 
enabled  to  participate  more  largely  tiiaa 
at  present  in  the  meana  of  education 
afibrdfd  by  the  Museum,  Library^  and 
other  features  of  the  Department  of  Prac^ 
tical  Art, 

At  Oxford  »he  site  of  the  new  Mtuteum 
qf  Science  is  decided  oa,  in  the  parks  ad- 
jacent to  Wadham  College,  This  college 
has  an  honourable  place  in  literary  recol- 
lections of  the  history  of  English  science. 
It  wfls  ja  its  rooms,  under  the  presidtmcy  of 
Dr.  Wilkius,  Warden  of  Wadham,  that  the 
first  scientific  meetings  were  held,  which 
aftei'wards  gave  rise  to  the  Royal  Society. 
An  iuteresting  account  of  these  early  meet- 
ixigs  at  Oxford  will  be  found  tn  Bishop 
Sprat'fi  History  of  the  Royal  Society,,  with 
the  names  of  those  who  co-operated  with 
Wilkina^  Boyk,  Hook,  Wren,  and  the 
other  founders  of  the  great  scientific  in- 
stitute of  England. 

In  a  CouvocFition  holdeu  at  Oxford  on 
the  27th,  the  sum  of  aOO/*  was  granted 
out  of  the  University  chest,  as  a  contribu- 
tion to  the  great  educational  iuj»titutiou 
proposed  to  he  founded  in  memory  of 
Field- Marshal  hU  Grace  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington, the  late  Chancellor  of  the  Uni- 
versity, 

The  sum  of  500^,  three  per  cent.  Con- 
soU,  having  been  offered  to  the  Univertiljf 
of  Cambridge  by  several  of  the  friends  of 
the  Rev.  William  Carua,  M.A.,  Canon  of 
Winchester,  for  instituting  a  prize  for  the 
cucoumgemetit  of  the  study  of  the  Greek 
TeMtauieut,  the  Vicc'Chunceilur,  the  Mas- 
ter of  Trinity,  the  Master  of  St.  Cathe- 
rine's Hall,  nnd  three  others,  have  been 
ap]Kiinted  a  syndicate  to  draw  up  regula- 
iioQA  for  the  inatitution  of  the  prize.  A 
syndicate  has  aUo  been  app-oioted  to  con- 
sider what  steps  ahould  be  taken  for  erecting 
additional  Lecture-rooms  and  Museums ; 
and  to  consider  what  steps  mny  be  taken 
for  appropriating  to  the  use  of  the  Uni- 
versity the  site  of  the  old  liotatiic  Garden. 

The  beautiful  metal  Gates  designed  and 
Cttjst  by  the  Coal  brook  Dale  Company  for 
the  Great  Exhibition  of  1851— through 
which  60  inauy  million*  passed  m  they 
entered  from  the  south  transept  —have 
been  erected  as  a  uew  entrauce  into  Ken- 
sington Gardens,  at  the  southern  end  of  the 
new  Broad-walkf  which  is  so  prettilv  com- 


I 


Park  Gardens.  Whether  we  look  on  these 
gates  as  choice  examples  of  design  and 
castiugf  or  as  a  memorial  of  the  Great 
ErhibitioUf  they  are  pecnliarly  interesting. 

On  the  19th  Nov,  the  contents  of  the 
Diorama f  Regent's  Park,  among  which 
were  included  the  pictures  which  formed 
the  subject  of  the  various  exhibitions, 
were  sold  by  auction  on  the  premises. 
The  building  has  been  purcliased  by  Mr. 
Peto,  M.P.,  for  4,M0^.  aud  will  be  con- 
rcrted  into  a  Baptist  chapel.  The  first 
picture  put  up  was  the  Cattle  of  Stolzeu- 
felbj  on  the  Rhine-  Thirty  guineas  were 
offered,  and  i^t  was  bought  in  at  that  sum. 
The  next  picture  was  that  of  Mount  jEtna, 
which  was  represented  under  three  aspects. 
It  was  also  bought  in.  The  fixtures  were 
disposed  of  for  4001, 

An  interesting  exhibition  which  has 
taken  place  at  the  Society  of  Arts  of  the 
production  of  the  art  of  Photography,  has 
been  succeeded  by  the  institution  of  a 
Phatagraphic  Society j  with  Sir  Charles 
Eastlake  for  its  President,  and  Lord 
Somers,  Sir  William  Newton,  aod  Pro- 
fessor Wheatstone  for  Vice- Preaideutg,  It 
has  announced  the  publication  of  the  First 
Number  of  its  Journal,  to  appear  on  the 
Ist  of  March. 

The  Rev.  Edward  TroUope,  of  Leasing- 
ham  near  Sleafordj  is  engaged  in  pre- 
paring a  work  to  be  entitled  *'  Utwilrationa 
of  Ancient  Artt  selected  from  objects  dix^ 
coder ed  at  Pompeii  and  Hercntaneum.** 
It  is  to  contain  a  series  of  wood  engravings 
by  Mr,  R.  B,  Utting,  from  drawings  made 
by  Mr.  TroUope  himself,  chiefly  from  the 
actual  articles  remaining  in  the  Museo 
Borbonico  at  Naples,  with  occasional  aa- 
ststaoce  from  the  antique  pointings  ;  and 
will  comprise  more  than  four  hundred 
figures  of  ancient  arms,  instruments,  and 
every  article  of  use  or  furniture,  to  be  con- 
tained in  a  quarto  volume,  of  which  the 
subscription  price  is  one  guinea. 

Mr.  Akerman  continues  his  Retnaina  qf 
SiLiton  Pagandom^  in  very  eifectivc  co- 
loured platt'8,  of  which  the  Third  Part  baa 
recently  appeared. 

The  King  of  Prussia  has  conferred  tlio 
Order  of  Merit  for  Arts  and  Sciences  on 
the  Right  Hon,  T.  B.  Macaulay,  and  on 
Colonel  Rawlinson. 

A  meeting  has  been  held  in  Manchester, 
for  the  purpose  of  raising  money  with 
which  to  erect  a  public  memorial  of  Dr, 
Dnlton^  the  great  chemist.  Tlie  remains 
of  Dr.  Dalton  rest  in  the  Ardwick  Ceme- 
tery without  even  a  stone  to  mark  the  tpot. 


286 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Regal  Rome;  an  introduction  to  Roman 
History.  By  F.  W.  Newman.  Post  Svo, 
pp,  vi,  171. — The  general  rejection  of 
those  details  and  episodes  by  which  the 
subject  was  formerly  enlivened,  makes  the 
task  of  writing  the  early  Roman  history 
hopeless,  except  as  a  matter  of  historical 
antiquarianism.  Beaufort  maintains  "  that 
no  certain  account  can  be  given  of  the 
founder  of  Rome,  or  of  the  time  of  its 
foundation,"  and,  though  it  took  nearly  a 
century  to  establish  this  assertion,  it  is 
now  received  as  indisputable.  The  best 
authority  for  the  once  current  account  is 
the  curious  passage  in  Lycophron,  which, 
being  contemporary  widi  the  first  Punic 
war,  possesses  a  respectable  age,  and  may 
fairly  be  supposed  not  to  have  been  in- 
vented by  the  poet.^  Mr.  Newman  does 
not  attempt  to  remove  the  obscurity  in 
which  the  subject  has  been  plunged  by 
putting  out  the  light  of  tradition  and 
fable,  which  were  unsafe  guides  at  best. 
He  divides  the  history  into  three  periods, 
Alban,  Sabine,  and  Etrusco- Latin.  He 
rejects  Romulus  as  an  historical  person- 
age,  considering  the  name  as  "evidently 
made  from  Rome  itself."  (p.  31.)  He 
connects  the  name  of  the  city  with  Rumon, 
the  aboriginal  name  of  the  river  Tiber 
(28).  He  regards  the  refugees  who  swelled 
its  population  as  political  fugitives,  rather 
than  felons  (36),  and  the  women-stealing 
as  a  long-continued  habit,  not  a  single 
act  committed  at  a  festival  (38).  He  thinks 
the  joint  reign  of  Tatius  with  Romulus  is 
"  a  legend  adapted  to  veil  the  Sabine  con- 
quest," though  the  resistance  of  the 
Romans  was  stubborn  enough  to  procure 
good  terms  from  the  conquerors  (57,  59). 
The  Sabine  period  begins  with  Numa,  and 
Mr.  Newman  attributes  the  subsequent 
vigour  of  Rome  *^  to  the  rigid  and  self- 
devoting  virtue  of  the  Sabines,  joined  to 
the  organising  genius  of  the  Latins  "  (81). 
With  Tarquin  the  Elder  the  Etruscan 
period  begins,  and  under  him  it  is  inferred 
the  Sabine  interests  declined  (135).  He 
believes  the  reign  of  the  second  Tarquin 
to  have  been  ruinous  to  the  patrician  aris- 
tocracy, but  beneficial  to  the  commonalty, 
(for  even  "  Nero  was  popular  with  the 
mass  of  the  Roman  people,")  and  that  the 


*  The  passage,  v.  1226—1282,  is  too 
long  to  quote.  Canter  has  thus  condensed 
it :        "In  posteris  meorum 

Crescet  decus  avorum 
Leunculis  duobus." 
(t.  e.  Romulus  and  Remus.) 


country  people  suffered  from  the  abolition 
of  monarchy  (162-4).  He  terms  elective 
monarchy  "  that  highly  energetic  form  of 
government,'"  and  attributes  the  growth  of 
Roman  power  to  it,  evading  the  obvious 
objection  arising  from  the  case  of  Poland, 
by  observing  that  it  was  united  with  **  fixed 
law  and  stern  discipline."  He  remarks 
that  the  assembly  of  Servius  Tullus  was  . 
free  from  "the  worst  dangers  of  crude 
democracy,  in  which  the  younger  are 
always  able  to  outvote  the  elder  nnen" 
(147) — a  sentence  worthy  of  Burke  him- 
self, and  which  might  be  extended  to  other 
qualifications  besides  that  of  age.  The 
dissertations  on  the  Latin  language,  the 
Sabine  institutions,  and  the  Etruscans,  are 
valuable  as  illustrative  parts  of  the  sub- 
ject. Although  this  volume  owes  its 
origin  to  Niebuhr's  new  method  of  treat- 
ing Roman  history,  Mr.  Nevnnan  does 
not  dissemble  important  differences  from 
some  of  the  learned  German's  conclusions. 
(See  pp.  V.  93.)  If  he  has  not  performed 
more  towards  clearing  up  an  obscure  8ub« 
ject,  he  has  done  all  that  could  be  done  in 
its  present  stage.  The  labours  of  future 
writers  are  facilitated,  and  the  student  is 
furnished  with  an  excellent  guide.  We 
would  recommend  those  who  sit  down  to 
the  study  to  procure  Beaufort's  "  Disser- 
tation on  the  Uncertainty  of  Roman 
History,"  in  which  Heeren  says,  **Tout 
ce  qu'  on  pent  dire  centre  Tauthenticit^ 
de  Thistoire  des  premiers  temps  de  Rome, 
est  d^velopp^  avec  beaucoup  de  sagacity.'* 
(Manuel  de  THist.  Anc.  Thurot's  trans, 
p.  358.) 

T\tsculana ;  or,  Notes  and  RefieetUms 
written  during  vacation.  By  Andrew 
Edgar,  Esq,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Bar- 
rister-at-Law.  Svo.  1852.  (Pickering. )'^ 
These  essays  are  upon  subjects  of  very 
great  importance,  the  liberty  of  the  press, 
political  prophecy,  christian  legislation, 
and  the  condition  of  our  popular  intellect 
and  literature.  The  author  writes  freely, 
his  style  is  clear  and  forcible,  his  senti- 
ments are  manly  and  generous,  and  they 
are  enforced  with  a  vigorous  earnestness 
which  proves  that  his  heart  is  not  at  vari- 
ance with  his  pen.  His  principal  subjects 
remove  his  volume  beyond  the  ordinary 
range  of  our  consideration,  but  we  wiU 
give  a  specimen  of  his  manner  in  a  criti- 
cism upon  Chaucer,  which  is  a  little  over- 
wrought, but  in  the  main  just : 

"  In  ail  the  literature  of  England  there 
is  no  writer,  with  the  exception  of  Shak- 
speare,  who  possesses  higher  popular  re- 


1853.] 


MiscelUmeoui  Rmf%ew9. 


287 


nown  than  Chancer,  as  his  genius  is  dis- 
played in  the  *  Canterbarj  Tales,'  for  most 
of  his  other  works  are  after  a  different 
style.  Our  admiration  of  these  tales  may 
be  peculiar,  but  we  confess  that  we  never 
rise  from  their  perusal  without  a  convic- 
tion that,  but  for  their  antique  phraseology, 
their  popularity  at  the  present  day  would 
be  unbounded.  They  bring  before  us, 
with  inimitable  skill,  princes  and  prin- 
cesses, knights  and  squires,  lovers  and 
ladies  fair,  monks  and  nuns,  clerks  and 
burgesses,  millers  and  carpenters,  hosts 
and  reeves.  They  present  to  us  men  as 
they  were,  and  in  truth  as  they  will  always 
be,  with  all  their  peculiarities,  with  all 
their  weakness,  and  with  all  their  strength, 
with  all  their  vices  and  with  all  their 
virtues.  We  live  again  before  the  inven- 
tion of  printing,  the  discovery  of  America, 
and  the  Reformation.  We  are  carried 
back  through  centuries  to  the  olden  time 
—to  the  dajTS  of  Cressy  and  Agincourt — 
to  the  age  of  the  Black  Prince  and  Hot- 
spur, of  Wiekliffe  and  Cobham,  of  Fal- 
staff  and  Prince  Hal.  The  masterly  nar- 
rative of  Hume  conveys  but  an  imperfect 
notion  of  those  times,  in  comparison  with 
what  may  be  derived  from  the  '  Canter- 
bury Tales.'  We  are  presented  with  the 
very  form  and  pressure  of  the  age.  We 
have  there  the  very  soul  of  history,  that 
which  renders  it  more  valuable  than  an 
old  almanack ;  that  part  of  it  which  *  makes 
men  wise,'  and  which  is  '  philosophy 
teaching  by  example.'  We  are  admitted 
behiod  the  scenes,  we  inspect  the  interior 
of  society.  We  see  causes  beginning  to 
operate  of  which  we  now  enjoy  the  effects. 
We  see  the  clergy  meeting  with  the  con- 
tempt and  sneers  of  wise  observers,  their 
power  gradually  declining,  their  sanctity 
no  longer  considered  as  immaculate.  We 
see  the  rising  influence  of  the  people,  the 
increasing  importance  of  burgesses  and 
tradesmen,  the  progress  of  useful  arts,  and 
the  advancement  of  commerce  and  manu- 
factures. We  see  the  shadows  cast  before 
by  coming  events,  the  agitations  and 
throes  that  precede  great  revolutions. 
Then,  in  addition  to  all  this,  we  have 
fancy  and  imagination  shedding  their  ra- 
diance over  all,  romance  so  like  truth, 
poetry  so  full  of  nature.  Would  not  a 
writer  of  such  powers  and  such  a  charac- 
ter, but  for  the  unfortunate  drawback  to 
which  we  have  alluded,  and  which  the 
failure  of  every  attempt  has  rendered  us 
almost  hopeless  of  ever  seeing  removed,  be 
likely  to  find  favour  in  the  eyes  of  a  gene- 
ration who  pay  such  homage  to  the  mir- 
rored life  of  Sbakspeare,  and  who  take 
such  delight  in  *■  the  pictured  page '  of 
Scott?" 


Th§  Oreek  Anthology ;  Uterally  trant- 
lated  into  Englith  Prote,  chi^y  by  6. 
Surges,  A.M,  Trin,  Coll.  Camb.  {nohn^g 
Ckuiieal  lAbrary.)  Pott  890.  pp.  viii, 
518. — This  volume  is  one  of  the  best  of 
the  series,  for,  while  translations  of  entire 
authors  abound,  the  versions  of  the  Antho- 
logia,  from  Stephens  to  Bland,  are  not 
within  the  reach  of  every  scholar.  It 
comprises  the  epigrams  used  at  West- 
minster and  Eton,  the  larger  collection 
edited  by  Edwards  in  1825,  and  a  supple- 
ment of  those  which  occur  in  BUmdbut 
not  in  the  other  seleckions.  The  first 
portion  of  the  prose  translations  is  **  from 
the  pen  of  an  accomplished  gentleman, 
educated  at  Westminster  school,"  and  the 
rest  are  by  the  editor.  Metrical  versions 
of  several  are  added  bj  Bland,  Merivale, 
Lord  Deoman,  Sir  C.  Elton,  Dr.  H. 
Wellesley,  Coxe,  and  others.  No  notice 
is  taken  of  the  Latin  translations  by  Au- 
sonius,  Grotius,  Dr.  Johnson,  &c.  the 
object  probably  bemg  to  bring  the  whole 
witliin  the  readi  of  English  reiulers.  The 
notes,  however,  are  erudite,  and  have  hit 
the  happy  medium  between  profusion  and 
paucity,  since  they  are  always  useful,  and 
never  detain  the  reader  too  long.  We 
have  found  the  convenience  of  the  index 
to  the  first  Greek  words  of  the  several 
epigrams  (though  not  quite  correct)  for 
comparing  it  wi&  other  collections  1  and  If 
another  of  authors  were  given  in  full  the 
book  would  be  complete. 

It  would  be  invidious  to  compare  the 
merits  of  living  poets  whose  labours  adorn 
this  volume.  We  rather  invite  them  all 
to  surrender  the  palm  to  Cowper,  who  ex- 
celled in  translating  Greek  epigrams.  His 
versions  read  as  if  they  were  thought  in 
English,  and  we  only  regret  that  they  were 
so  few.  He  has  judiciously  chosen  sub- 
jects which  have  corresponding  ideas  in 
English,  the  want  of  wnich  is  often  an 
obstacle. 

The  ^retace  contains  a  short  sketch  of 
Greek  epigrammatic  poetry,  referring  gene- 
rally to  Jacobs'  Prolegomena.  There 
seems,  however,  to  be  a  mistake  in  saying 
that  "  after  an  interval  of  some  four  or 
five  centuries,"  from  the  selection  made  by 
Cephalas,  **  appeared  the  collection  madle 
by  Agathias  of  Myrin^."  For  Jacobs  says, 
**  Agathias  sub  exitum  seculi  sexti,"  and 
"  Post  Agathiam,  qnatuor  fere,  ut  videtur, 
seculis  praterkpsis,  magnum  opus  molitus 
est  Constantinus  Cephalas.**  (Pars  vi.  p. 
XX.  Ixi.) 

We  are  surprised  that  there  is  only  a 
prose  translation  of  one  of  Lucian's  epi- 
grams, which  mieht  occupy  an  early  place 
in  a  collection  of  Bulls.  **  A  fool  bitten 
by  many  fleas  put  out  his  light,  saying, 


288 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[Marcb, 


You  no  longer  see  me."    The  following 
version  was  current  at  Westminster : — 

A  fool  one  night  put  out  his  light, 

Being  bit  by  many  fleas  ; 
And  now  Tsaid  he)  you  can't  see  me, 

And  I  shall  sleep  at  ease. 

The  bitter  epigram  of  Alcseus  of  Mes- 
sene  on  the  last  Philip  of  Macedon,  is 
given  in  the  same  imperfect  form  as  in 
the  Latin  translation  of  Grotius,  two  lines 
being  omitted.  But  the  longer  text  is 
probably  the  genuine  one,  as  it  was  that 
which  annoyed  Flaminius,  by  putting  the 
iEtolians  before  the  Romans,  though  the 
metre  absolutely  required  it.  (See  Plu- 
tarch, in  Flamin.  c.  9.)  Two  metrical  ver- 
sions of  the  longer  text  arc  given,  and  the 
conjectural  alteration  of  in;/z/3^  to  va>ro> 
is  reasonable,  and  probably  right. 

We  cannot  help  observing  that  the  ob- 
jections to  which  translations  of  the  classics 
are  generally  liable  attach  even  to  this. 
A  few  retrenchments,  such  as  War  ton  oc- 
casionally makes  in  editing  Reiske's  Cepha- 
las,  would  have  improved  it,  and  made  it 
a  book  for  the  drawing-room,  whereas  it 
must  now  take  its  place  on  one  of  the 
shelves  of  the  library.  This  work  will 
also  probably  give  rise  to  poetical  ren- 
derings of  the  jeux  d'esprit  of  antiquity 
by  persons  who  do  not  understand  the 
originals,  like  Miss  Seward*s  version  of 
Horace.  However,  we  will  not  be  so 
churlish  as  to  predict  that  they  must  all 
be  failures,  for  Gray,  without  understanding 
a  word  of  Welsh  or  Norse,  has  given  us 
versions  which  deservedly  occupy  a  promi- 
nent rank  in  poetry. 

One  of  the  objects  of  Grotius,  in  trans- 
lating the  Antbologia,  was  to  show  how  it 
illustrated  history  "from  the  time  of  Plato 
to  that  of  Justinian/^  A  few  examples  of 
this  secondary  interest  of  the  Epigrams 
may  perhaps  amuse  the  reader.  Mr. 
Elliott,  in  his  Commentary  on  the  Apoca- 
lypse, has  ingeniously  illustrated  the 
imagery  of  the  First  Seal  from  an  epigram 
by  Antipater  Sidonius.  Niebuhr  accounts 
for  the  severity  of  the  Athenians  to  Paches, 
which  is  generally  ascribed  to  ingratitude, 
by  his  abuse  of  his  authority  at  Mitylene, 
as  related  in  an  epigram  of  Agathias. 
He  remarks  that  the  epigram  preserved  by 
Polybius,  on  the  treachery  of  Aristocrates, 
king  of  Arcadia,  to  the  Messenians,  would 
be  the  oldest  in  the  world,  if  it  were  com- 
posed at  the  time,  which  he  doubts.  He 
dates  this  kind  of  comppsition  from  Si- 
monides,  observing  that  many  which  pass 
under  ancient  names  are  certainly  not 
genuine,  and  **  those  ascribed  to  Sappho 
are  more  than  doubtful."  (Lect.  on  Anc. 
Hist.  ii.  6\ ;  i.  20C5,  306.) 
8 


Alcseus'  epigram  on  the  defeat  of  Philip 
of  Macedon  by  Flaminius  is  celebrated  in 
history.  Niebuhr  calls  it  beautiful,  and 
according  to  Plutarch  (Flamin.  c.  9.)  it 
was  in  everybody's  mouth.  We  give  it 
here  in  Grotiu8*s  translation  : — 

"AkKovotol  Koi  adaTFTot,  6boi7r6p€ — 
BiOllia  trii^nta  Macediim  de  gente,  viator. 
Hie  nee  fleta  sois,  nee  tiunulata  jaccnt. 
Grande  malum  patriae.     Quo  grandia  verba, 
Philippe, 
Nunc  tua,  nam  cervla  ocyor  ecoe  fugia ! 

(Qrottus,  vol.  ii.  p.  33.) 
The  cause  of  his  hatred  appears  in  the 
speech  of  Aristsenus,  the  Achaean  prcetor, 
and,  though  rhetorical  exaggeration  may  be 
suspected,  there  must  have  been  some 
ground  for  the  charge  of  bloodshed  and 
rapine  brought  against  him  (Livy,  xxxii. 
21).  Philip,  who  thus  appears  as  a 
"  Royal  Author,"  replied  in  a  spirited 
parody,  but  with  a  pen,  like  that  of  Draco, 
dipped  in  blood. 

*A<^Xoior  Koi  ^0vXXoff,  65oi7r<Jp€— 
Cemis  in  hoc  tumulo  sine  fronde  et  cortice  lig- 
num? 
Crux  hne  Alceo  structa,  viator,  erit.    (Ibid.) 

The  **  pretty  epigram  of  Antipater 
Thessalus  ""*  (a  contemporary  of  Augustus), 
on  the  invention  of  water-mills,  is  cited 
by  Beckmann  in  his  valuable  History  of 
Inventions,  though  he  omits  the  ingenious 
allusion  to  the  golden  age  in  the  two  last 
lines.  (Bohn's  ed.  i.  152.) 

"laKiTi  x^ipa  fivXaiov,  dXcxrpidfff — 
Porcitc  plstrinis  manibns,  longumque  soporem 

Carpito,  manu  liect  gallus  adcsse  canat. 
Flava  Ceres  choreas  en  Nymphis  *  imperat :  illie 

Saltantcs  summo  moUiter  orbe  super 
Circumagunt  axem  :  radii  momenta  scqunntur. 

Bis  duo  vcrsantes  concava  saxa  mola*. 
Vita  redit  veterum,  qnando  Cerealia  nostro 

Dona  fhii  nobis  absque  labore  datur. 

(Grotius,  iii.  427.) 

The  word  ehoretu  follows  the  readins^ 
Xopc!>Pj  but  Reiske,  who  reads  Mpiav,  and 
renders  it  with  ii6')(Bov£f  puellaret  curat  ^ 
supplies  a  better  sense.  (See  his  Cephalas, 
No.  652.) 

There  is  a  curious  epigram  by  Dios- 
corides,  who  lived  under  Ptolemy  Euergetes, 
which  affords  one  of  the  oldest  examples 
of  heraldic  symbols,  after  the  celebrated 
passage  in  iEschylas.  (See  the  Septem, 
I.  428-9.)  It  is,  however,  a  thorough 
specimen  of  what  is  now  called  gaMconade, 
As  it  does  not  occur  in  this  volume,  or  in 
the  Latin  version  of  Grotius,  we  must 
tender  one  of  our  own. 
^fia  Toi  ovx^  fidrcuoy. — (Cephalas,  418.) 

*  Naiadibtts  (Reiske.) 


18530 


Miscetiftni^aus  Reviewf* 


289 


not  thU  riOeld  a  vain  det-kt  be  thought, 
Fbr  fierce  PolygnldeA  the  Cretan  wrouglit. 
Three  f^set  it  bears,  besidea  a  Gorgon'*  head. 
That  kills  n  Ith  roar ;  aiul  thus  tbt*  uieaiilnff'ii  risMl : 
Woe  to  the  combatant  that  bnivei»  my  inl??bt. 
Nor  shiiti5  toy  three 6>lil  ^p<»ed  by  timely  ilJv'tJt. 

Grotiua'^s  verftion  of  tljc  Anthologlu  from 
wbieii  our  citalions  of  the  epigriuns  have 
be«ii  tflkpii  wfl3  begun  in  September  1630, 
and  finlshet!   in  little  more  than  a  year, 

IB  proof,  as  is  observed  by  bin  French  bso- 
gmpber  Burigoy,  of  singiilajr  facility  of 
composition «  While  in  Paris,  ao  am- 
bassador for  Sweden  as  erirly  as  1635^  he 
made  preparations  for  its  publieation,  and 
just  before  liis  death,  in  ltil5,  the  work 
waj  actually  in  the  prei$  of  Btaeu  of  Am- 

I&terdam.  Nothing  further  was  done,  and 
although  the  attention  of  the  leajiied  was 
occasionally  calkd  to  it  by  Le  Clerc  und 
others  it  continued  unpublished  until  the 
end  of  the  last  century,  when  it  was  edited 
by  De  Boach  at  Utrecht  in  four  volumeis.* 
(ito.  1 T9^ — 1810. )  Tlie  larc;t^-pQper  copies 
of  thb  work  in  tolio  are  bibliogrnphical 
luxuries,  and  even  thegnmller  one&  are  be- 
yond the  reach  of  ordinary  students,  nor 
have  thote  commodious  reprints,  which 
ire  ft  boon  to  many  purchasers,  been 
undertaken.  But  this  deticiency  has  been 
partly  lupplied  by  Kanne,  the  editor  of  ^n 

I**  AnthologiaMinor,'*  (evo.  Leipzig,  179U)) 
who  changed  the  plan  of  bib  work,  to  in- 
clude some  of  *'  Gr»lius*fi  ailmired  ver- 
along/'  (Pref.  p.  viL)  Tlie  .specimens 
occupy  from   p*  207  of  his  volume  to   p* 

»332,  enongh  to  give  the  etudent  a  fairitlta 
of  the  whole.  Grotius's  epitaph,  com- 
posed  by  himselft  is  a  perfect  specimen  of 
the  classical  epigram : 

tr*rotiiiii  hit-  Hugo  «wt,  BHtnvftih  tAiitiviis  ot  exnl  ; 
Legatoj  RegiU«  Suwia  inrt^nA,  tiii.  (i:pi*l.  &3G.) 
It  not  only  gives  the  principal  events  in 
bis  life^  but  contrasts  itB  vicissitudesT  do- 
mestic adversity,  and  foreign  advance- 
ment. More  meaning  could  hardly  be 
compressed  into  so  short  u  space* 

Letter*  frovt  Ireland  :  vf printed  /torn 
The  Ditity  Nettg.  By  Harriet  Martincau. 
— There  was  no  mistaking  the  vigorous 
band  to  which  the  Editor  of  ''  The  Daily 
News*'  owed  these  Letters,  from  the  date 
of  the  first— at  allevetila  the  second— of  the 
commnnicatioiis.  We  shall  be  curious, 
now  they  arc  very  wisely  brought  together 
in  an  agreeable  and  portable  form,  to  know 
what  fate  they  will  have  in  the  country 
they  describe.  As  we  never  yet  had  the 
good  fortune  to  meet  nith  Irishman  or 
Irishwoman  who  admitted  that  Ireland  and 
it^  people  were,  or  could  be,  understood  by 

»  A  6fth,  with  Indices,  was  publishe*! 
in  1822, 
Gent.  Mac.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


an  Englishmao  or  woman,  it  would  be  un- 
reasonable to  expect  that  Miss  Martineau 
has  wholly  succeeded.  "  Good  luck  to 
her  "  if  f^lie  is  not  abused  by  all  parties, 
spite  of  her  desire  to  be  connect. 

Her  hook  contains  many  mournful  things, 
and  yet  we  think  her  justified  in  some  of 
her  hopes.  Readers  who  ajfb  truly  in- 
terested in  lliis  beautiful  country  will  pa- 
tiently examine  all  her  facts  and  inferences. 
Some  are  of  far  greater  importance  than 
others.  Among  those  which  have  most 
blrutik  us  Gie  the  observations  she  has 
made  with  reference  to  a  favourite  theory 
with  some  of  our  friunds,  on  the  concession 
of  small  holdings  of  bad  to  the  Irish  pea- 
santry, tn  consideration  of  certain  pecu- 
liarities of  national  character — whether 
there  might  not  be  a  greater  chance  of 
thrift,  industry,  and  peaceable  habitii  grow- 
ing up  in  the  man  who  bod  a  portion  of 
ground  for  his  very  own,  not  held  as  a 
tenant  or  sub-tenant.  This  question  Miss 
Martineau  has  decided  in  her  own  mind 
in  the  negative.  She  is  quite  convinced 
thnt  a  longcourse  of  discipline  is  nece&sary 
to  make  him  a  safe  peasant- proprietor  j 
that  the  habit  of  slovenly  potato-cultivation 
must  be  broken  through,  and  good  work 
at  good  wages  will  alone  be  its  cure.  *^  He 
must  sec  and  learn  bow  land  ought  to  be 
used." 

A  aecoml  and  very  startliug  and  re* 
markable  port  of  Miss  Martincata*s  volume 
is  that  wherein  she  treats  of  the  flax  culti- 
vation. It  really  is,  if  correct,  one  of  the 
most  discouraging  statements  with  which 
even  Ireland  van  funiisb  us.  Here  is  the 
matedal  for  the  one  unly  manufacture 
which,  as  she  says,  has  ever  fairly  taken 
root  there.  The  flax  is  better  than  Russian 
flax,  for  the  most  pari  ^  the  c<  op,  according 
to  English  report,  highly  remunerative. 
Miss  Martiueau  talk!  of  lO^,  20/.,  25/. 
profit  per  acre.  But  then,  say  the  Irish, 
it  should  be  grown  only  once  in  eight  or 
ten  years,  and  it  requires  the  greatest 
nicety  in  the  clearance  of  the  soil  from 
v*eeds,  and  the  deepest  and  most  thtjrouijh 
drainage  ;  and  the  farmers  also  tell  us  that 
the  fibre  would  be  injured  by  allowing  the 
seed  to  ripen  ;  so  that  300,000/.  a-year  is 
paid  to  Russia  for  teed,  which  is  merely 
wasted  at  home;  and,  while  England  is 
actually  growing  flax  for  the  sake  of  the 
seed,  the  Irish  are  throwing  it  away.  Alto- 
gether, the  slovenliness  of  the  culture  and 
the  want  of  thrift  in  the  preparation  are 
saddening.  We  wait  to  beor  what  the  cul- 
tivators have  to  say  in  their  defence. 

Another  point  we  have  noted  in  reading 
Mi^»  Martincau's  Letters  as  deeply  dis- 
courrtging.  In  spite  of  all  experience,  it 
is  sad  to  find  that  not  only  the  people, 
hut  in  many  instanc***  thi?  landlords  toi 
2  V 


290 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[March, 


keep  ap  one  another's  hopes  about  the 
revival  of  the  potato.  It  is  beyond  any- 
thing distressing  to  find  them  endea- 
vouring to  bring  back  the  old  state  of 
things — the  potato,  the  competition  for 
land,  and  the  sub-letting. 

Yet  another  of  Miss  Martineau's  re- 
marks is  worthy  of  special  notice.  She 
complains  that  the  Quakers  cannot  be  pur- 
chasers in  the  Incumbered  Estates  Courts. 
The  arrangements  about  tithes  preclude 
their  buying  those  estates.  *^  Can  nothing,^* 
she  asks,  */  be  done  about  this  ?''  When 
liberal  British  capitalists  would  fain  invest 
money  i|i  Ireland,  why  should  obstacles 
be  put  in  their  way  ? 

We  have  compared  the  local  statements 
in  this  volume  with  those  of  travellers 
some  eighteen  years  ago.  Inglis,  who 
published  his  tour  of  observation  in  1834, 
was  a  careful,  earnest  inquirer.  The  state 
of  Ireland  was  infinitely  less  hopeful  then 
than  now  ;  yet  it  is  singular  that  the  par- 
ticular spots  where  he  discerned  comfort 
and  hope  are  now  somewhat  on  the  decline. 
Of  Clifden,  in  Connemara,  he  says,  it 
**  has  a  considerable  export  trade  in  oats, 
and  a  rapidly  increasing  trade;"  while 
Miss  Martineau  says  the  town  **  of  Mr. 
D'Arcy's  creation  is  more  dependent  for 
subsistence  just  now  on  the  influx  of 
tourists  than  a  steady  trade;"  that  **  the 
hill-sides  are  deformed  by  the  staring 
gables  of  deserted  dwellings;"  that  "the 
gardens  of  the  Castle  are  damp  and  weedy, 
and  the  noble  fig-tree  trailing  from  the 
wall.'*  Any  one  who  will  be  at  the  trouble 
of  turning  to  the  description  of  this  charm- 
ing place  in  Inglis  (vol.  ii.  p.  77,  78),  will 
partake  in  our  own  disappointment.  He 
thought  he  might  "  safely  risk  a  prophecy 
(in  1834)  that  Clifden  would  rapidly  rise 
into  importance."  Alas!  the  proprietor 
and  founder  is  gone-^Lis  unfinished  monu- 
ment remains  as  his  memorial  on  the 
height ;  the  Martins'  reign  too  is  over ; 
about  one-fifth  of  the  population  on  and 
around  those  great  estates  died  during  the 
fiimine,  we  are  told,  and  many  have  since 
emigrated.  However,  new  proprietors  are 
come,  some  good  crops  are  growing,  and 
what  with  the  fisheries,  the  marbles,  the 
stores  of  sea- weed,  and  the  reclaimable 
bogs,  no  one  can  doubt  that  the  whole 
tract  might  be  made  far  more  prosperous 
than  ever. 

With  regard  to  the  religious  wars,  Miss 
Martineau  is  not  more  favourable  to  the 
priests  than  Sir  Francis  Head  himself, 
and  she  amply  admits  the  necessity  of  pro- 
tection being  afforded  to  Protestant  con- 
verts, if  converts  they  are — and  that  there 
are  many  such,  in  spite  of  all  deduction, 
also  she  allows.  She  is  further  decided  on 
the  whole  in  her  approbation  of  what  has 


been  done  by  the  Protestant  clergy  in 
Achill.  With  reluctance,  and  in  opposition 
to  much  preconceived  theory,  she  owns 
that  her  sympathy  with  the  Catholic  party 
is  dying  away;  the  priests,  she  finds, 
will  do  no  kind  office  without  money, 
while  even  the  common  articles  of  furni- 
ture must  be  blessed  by  them  before  they 
are  used :  and  yet  she  scarcely  allows  m 
shadow  of  merit  to  the  many  among  the 
Protestants  who  are  endeavouring  to  save 
future  generations  from  so  great  a  de- 
basement. In  her  stories  (of  the  truth  of 
which  we  do  not  entertain  a  doubt)  of  the 
botheration  and  perplexity  of  the  poor 
people  between  the  two  churches,  we  are, 
surely,  entitled  to  expect  from  her  candour 
that  she  should  allow  the  impossibility  of 
passing  out  of  a  position  so  ignominious 
without  a  hard  struggle  and  perplexity. 
But— is  this  the  fault  of  English  Protest- 
ants.' Miss  Martineau  is  aware  that 
the  schools  themselves,  to  which  she  looks 
for  her  grand  "  ground  of  hope,"  are  abused 
and  attacked  by  the  priests,  wherever  it  is 
possible  for  them  to  damage  their  charac- 
ter, and  keep  children  from  them,  except, 
indeed,  in  those  cases  where  they  are 
wholly  managed  by  themselves;  she  knows 
that  but  for  the  Protestant  Church  these 
schools  could  never  have  existed  at  all,  at 
any  rate  not  in  their  present  state  of  ef- 
ficiency ;  yet  she  says :  **  The  Church  of 
England  in  Ireland  is  the  moti  formidable 
mischief  now  in  the  catalogue  of  Irish 
woes.  This  Church,  as  we  have  said  be- 
fore, either  does  nothing,  or  breaks  the 
peace,**  Strange  assertion  also,  in  the 
face  of  all  the  evidence  we  have  of  the 
exemplary  devotion  of  the  clergy  to  the 
people  in  fever  and  famine! 

We,  Miss  Martineau  notwithstanding, 
believe  that  there  is  good,  the  highest  and 
truest  good,  working  out  for  Ireland 
through  the  agency  of  that  Church,  whose 
past  and  present  shortcomings  we  yet  do 
not  deny.  It  is  pity  that  the  impression 
of  general  intelligence  and  openness  to 
conviction  left  by  her  details,  should  be 
neutralised  by  a  few  sentences,  unsup- 
ported by  evidence,  and  in  palpable  con- 
tradiction to  some  of  her  own  statements. 


A  Four  Months*  Tbur  in  the  Bast.  J9y 
J.  R.  Andrews,  esq,  8vo.  pp.  165. — Mr. 
Andrews  visited  Egypt  and  Palestine  in  the 
spring  of  1852.  His  journal  was  **  hastily 
written,  and  sent  home  from  time  to  time 
as  opportunity  occurred,"  and  it  is  now 
published,  "  chiefly  with  a  view  to  private 
circulation  amongst  the  author's  friends." 
This  is  the  only  explanation  that  can  justify 
its  appearing  in  print  at  all :  for  it  is  not 
enough  above  the  strain  of  a  private  diary 
to  justify  even  the  term  "  authorship,"  and 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews^ 


291 


apparently  olfers  nothing  beyond  a  narra- 
tive of  ordinary  adventures  which  may  be 
read  for  comparison,  but  scarcely  for  in- 
formation, by  other  travellers  in  these  now 
well-trodden  paths. 


A  Spring  in  the  Canterbury  Settlement , 
New  Zealand.  By  C.  Warren  Adams, 
Esq.  1853. — This  is  a  short  account  of  a 
voyage  and  visit  to  the  Canterbury  settle- 
ment undertaken  by  Mr.  Adams,  not  as  a 
settler,  but  for  the  recovery  of  health.  It 
appears  to  be  written  with  some  caution, 
and  a  desire  to  be  fair,  yet  is  far  from  a 
favourable  report  of  the  state  of  the  colo- 
nists. It  is  impossible  to  glance  over  the 
statements  without  perceiving  that  the 
purchasers  of  land  at  so  high  a  price  in 
this  settlement  must  as  yet  consider  them- 
selves aggrieved.  Roads  have  been  paid 
for  and  not  made  ;  churches,  and  schools, 
and  clergymen  provided  for  out  of  their 
pockets,  while  at  present  but  one  church 
is  built,  a  temporary  one  fitted  up,  and 
another  in  progress,  but  by  voluntary  sub- 
scription. Three  clergymen  only  received 
salaries  at  the  time  of  Mr.  Adams  leaving 
the  settlement,  though  there  appear  to  be 
**  licensed  clergy"  cultivating  their  farms, 
who  may  also  preach.  It  appears  also  that 
'*  the  charter  of  the  Canterbury  settlement 
was  framed  with  an  express  object  of  dis- 
couraging sheep-farming  within  its  limits. 
This,  in  the  opinion  of  practical  colonists, 
is  a  serious  mistake,  for,  according  to  their 
views,  the  principal  source  of  the  prospe- 
rity of  the  colony  for  many  years  must  be 
looked  for  in  the  exportation  of  tallow  and 
wool."  It  is  satisfactory  to  find  that  the 
colonists  possess,  however,  in  their  local 
agent  Mr.  Godley  one  whose  decided  and 
practical  character  secures  him  the  esteem 
and  confidence  of  all  parties,  and  it  is  to 
be  hoped  that  he  will  be  permitted  to  carry 
out  steadily  his  sagacious  plans.  Mr. 
Adams  appends  to  his  book  copies  of  the 
balance-sheets  of  the  receipts  and  expen- 
diture of  the  colony  from  November  1850 
to  December  1.  1852  from  the  Times  of 
January  28,  1853,  with  his  own  remarks, 
which  are  far  from  complimentary.  Where 
the  fault  rests  we  do  not  clearly  see,  but 
the  statement  is  at  present  incomplete  and 
wholly  unsatisfactory. 

Tangible  Typography;  or^  How  the 
Blind  Read,  By  Edmund  C.  Johnson, 
Member  of  the  Committee/or  the  Indigent 
Blind. — We  wish,  for  several  reasons,  to 
call  attention  to  this  useful  compendium 
of  the  history  of  various  attempts  to  im- 
prove on  or  invent  systems  for  teaching 
the  blind  to  read.  It  would  seem  that 
there  is  no  insuperable  difficulty  in  commu- 
nicating this  knowledge.    The  blind  learn 


to  read  by  almost  any  system  of  typography 
which  has  been  devised ;  but  there  is  one 
serious  and  growing  evil  vastly  increasing 
the  expense  and  trouble  of  furnishing  them 
with  a  literature,  and  this  arises  from  the 
number  of  these  different  systems. 

' '  The  great  and  charitable  design  (says 
Mr.  Johnson)  of  opening  a  wider  field  of 
literature  for  the  blind  is  now  arrested 
not  only  by  the  immense  outlay  neces- 
sarily attending  such  an  undertaking,  but 
also  by  the  obstinate  adherence  of  indi- 
viduals to  systems  of  printing  in  arbi- 
trary and  phonetic  characters.  Meanwhile, 
ample  funds  have  been  squandered  which 
might  otherwise  have  been  far  better  em- 
ployed in  the  development  of  fewer  and 
more  tried  plans.'' 

There  are  but  between  thirty  and  forty 
thousand  blind  persons  in  this  country, 
more  tlian  two-thirds  of  whom  are  unable 
to  read.  It  is  therefore  evident  that  to 
multiply  systems  is  to  multiply  difficultiee 
and  impede  progress;  and  thus  it  happeni 
that  the  blind,  bewildered  in  the  midst  of 
endless  systems,  all  promising  what  they 
want,  at  last  make  a  choice,  to  which 
perhaps  mere  accident  leads  them. 
Water,  water,  everywhere,  and  not  a  drop  to  drink. 

*'  As  the  case  now  stands,  the  blind  man 
who  reads  by  Alston's  system  is  at  an 
utter  loss  among  the  books  of  Lucas, 
Frere,  or  Moon,  while  he  who  reads  by  an 
arbitrary  system  js  equally  at  a  loss  with 
those  in  the  Roman  type  and  the  series  of 
American  publications.  Funds  have  been 
raised,  and  large  sums  expended,  to  pro- 
duce this  state  of  things."* — Johnson,  p. 
10—11. 

The  ordinary  systems  of  embossed  print- 
ing in  present  use  for  teaching  the  blind  to 
read  may  be  divided  into  two  classes.  In 
one  of  these  arbitrary  characters  are  used 
to  denote  letters,  rounds,  and  words,  and 
in  another  the  ordinary  Roman  letters  are 
employed.  Modifications  of  these  two 
ideas  may  be  subdivided  thus : — 

*  Miss  Martineau,  in  her  *'  Retrospect,'' 
voL  iii.  p.  130,  says,  speaking  of  the  Alston 
schools  for  the  blind,  **  The  common  fot- 
ters  are  used.  I  think  this  is  wise  ;  for 
thus  the  large  class  of  persons  who  become 
blind  after  having  been  able  to  read  are 
suited  at  once,  and  it  seems  desirable  to 
make  as  little  difference  as  possible  in  the 
instrument  of  communication  between  the 
blind  and  the  seeing.  It  appears  proba- 
ble that  ere  long  all  Taluable  literature 
may  be  put  into  the  hands  of  the  blind, 
and  the  preparation  will  take  place  with 
much  more  ease  if  the  common  alphabet 
be  used  than  if  words  have  to  be  trans- 
lated into  a  set  of  arbitrary  signf/'  He* 


292 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[March, 


Arbitrary.  Alphabetical. 

I.Lucas's  System.       1. Alston's  System. 

2.  Frere's.  2.  American  System. 

3.  Moon's.  3.  French  Alpha- 
4.LeSyst^meBraille.        betical. 

5.  LeSyst^me Carton.  4.Alstpn  modified. 
We  mast  refer  the  reader  to  Mr.  John- 
son^s  book  for  not  merely  an  account  of 
these  yarious  systems,  but  for  a  specimen 
page  of  each.  The  first,  Lucas's,  is  that  em- 
ployed by  the  London  Society  for  Teaching 
the  Blind  to  Read.  It  is  allowed  to  be  the 
easiest  of  all  the  arbitrary  combinations 
used  for  the  purpose.  The  character  ap- 
pears clearer  to  the  touch  than  any  other  ; 
but  it  is  full  of  abbreviations,  and  difficult 
to  be  acquired  by  a  reader  knowing  some- 
thing of  the  alphabetical  type.  Mr.  John- 
son, who  is  uniformly  fair  in  his  state- 
ments, allows  that  the  contractions  are 
liked  by  the  blind  as  enabling  them  to 
read  with  greater  quickness.  A  list  of 
books  printed  on  the  Lucas  system  shows 
that  as  yet  very  little  has  been  done  be- 
sides giving  the  Bible.  The  Prayer  Book, 
Catechism,  Hymn  Book,  and  the  figures 
of  the  first  book  of  Euclid's  Elements  of 
Geometry  form  the  whole  of  the  literature 
furnished  by  this  plan,  with  the  exception 
of  two  small  class  books. 

2.  Afr.Frere^ssystemis  the  phonetic  one, 
and  liable  to  any  objections  which  may  be 
made  against  that.  The  lines  read  alter- 
nately from  left  to  right,  and  a  half  circle 
at  the  end  of  each  line  directs  the  reader's 
finger  to  the  line  beneath.  In  this  system 
also  are  only  the  Scriptures,  some  prayers, 
hymns,  and  a  grammar. 

3.  Moon's  system.  This  is  based  on 
Messrs.  Frere  and  Lucas's  plans.  It  pro- 
fesses to  be  alphabetical,  but  the  chaj-ac- 
tera  seem  to  bear  no  more  resemblance  to 
ours  than  the  Greek,  or,  at  any  rate  the 
German.  It  was  the  invention  of  a  blind 
man  who  is  master  of  the  Brighton  school. 
Besides  the  Scriptures  there  are  several 
books  printed  in  this  type — a  geography, 
a  history  of  England,  histories  of  animals, 
maps,  anecdotes,  descriptions  of  wonderful 
scenes,  Sec, — about  twelve  in  all. 

4  and  5.  Syst^me  Braille.  Both  this 
and  the  Syst^me  Carton  require  more  of 
explanation  than  it  is  easy  to  give  without 
accompanying  illustrations.  Though  dif- 
fering in  the  characters  they  use,  both 
Mons.  Braille's  system  and  that  of  the 
Abb^  Carton  agree  in  marking  these  cha- 
racters by  raised  dots,  and  the  pupils  arc 
instructed  in  making  their  own  books  from 
dictation  by  means  of  a  small  frame  and 
style.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
power  of  transmitting  ideas  thus  in  a 
species  of  writing  from  hand  to  hand  has 
bome  special  advantages,  but  we  cannot 
adout  that  there  is  any  necessity  for  dis- 


missing the  old  alphabetical  type,  or  at 
least  a  good  imitation  of  it.  The  Abbe 
Carton  has  been  eminently  successful  in 
carrying  out  his  own  views,  and  it  appears 
that  the  pupils  rapidly  accumulate  books, 
the  work  of  their  own  hands,  at  small 
cost.  Oue  of  the  girls  in  the  school  at 
Bruges  read  English,  and  had  herself 
printed  and  stamped  many  of  Peter  Par- 
ley's tales.  The  advantage  of  communi- 
cating the  product  of  each  other's  skill  ia 
obviously  great.  It  must  lead  to  a  vast 
increase  of  their  resources  ;  but  we  see 
not  why  printing  with  the  ordinary  railed 
type  should  not  go  hand  in  hand  with  this 
valuable  improvement  in  writing.  In  this 
idea  we  find  ourselves,  to  our  great  delight, 
in  harmony  with  the  good  Abb^  himself, 
who,  somewhat  in  contradiction  of  part  of 
his  own  system,  has  delivered  the  following 
opinion  : — **  En  effet,  si  nn  caractdre, 
connue  des  clairvoyants,  est  employ^  dana 
r  impression  en  relief  pour  lea  aveugles, 
ces  infortun^s  sont  plus  rapprochea  dea 
autres  hommes  que  s'ils  seservaieunt  d'un 
caractere  inconnue  de  ceux  qui  lea  en- 
tourent." 

We  pass  now  to  the  more  decided  alpha- 
betical  arrangementa. 

1.  Alston's  system.  Mr.  Alston,  of 
Glasgow,  adopts  the  Roman  capital  letter. 
He  says,  "  I  have  long  been  convinced 
that  an  assimilation  of  the  alphabet  of  the 
blind  to  that  of  the  seeing  would,  from  ita 
great  simplicity,  not  only  be  free  from  all 
objections,  but,  in  the  case  of  those  who 
had  lost  their  sight  after  they  were  familiar 
with  the  Roman  alphabet,  would  be  at< 
tended  with  manifest  and  peculiar  ad> 
vantages,"  &c.  A  large  and  small  alphabet 
are  employed,  the  former  for  a  less  keen 
the  latter  for  a  sensitive  touch.  Here  also 
about  twelve  books  are  printed  besides  the 
Scriptures. 

2.  The  American  books  are  a  modifica- 
tion of  Alston's. 

3.  A  capital  specimen  is  given  of  Roman 
type,  printed  by  Mr.  Watts,  of  Crown- 
court, 

Lastly  comes  a  specimen  which,  though 
in  consequence  of  some  defect  in  the  paper 
or  working  it  fails  in  the  material  point  of 
elevation,  is  promising  in  the  form  and 
distinctness  of  the  letters.  If  this  type  ia 
well  worked  out  we  think  it  will  be  an  im- 
provement on  several  others.  It  was  mani- 
festly as  yet  not  properly  finished  up,  and 
should  not  have  been  exhibited.  It  will 
be  cast  for  Mr.  J.  E.  Taylor,  of  Little 
Queen-street. 

It  is  proposed  that  a  series  of  books 
shall  be  put  in  hand  in  this  type  when 
perfected ,  comprising  a  greater  variety  of 
subjects  than  have  yet  been  presented 
to  the  blind.    The  grand  feature  in  the 


1853.] 


Misceilanemijf  He  views* 


293 


I 


m        vTit 


fvboie,  however,  m  the  eudeavour  to  kt^ep 
steadily  in  iievr  the  object  of  not  isolating 
those  wlitj  are  nlready  cut  off  from  ordi- 
Dttty  iutercourse  by  one  infirmity.  A 
special  character  aod  books  seem  to  us 
cdcuiaLcd  to  do  this.  We  know  tbat 
stJLl  the  language  aud  literature  would 
he  thai  which  prevails  around  theiUt  hut 
the  effect  of  arbitrary  modes  of  expresuLiig 
tbat  language  and  literature  will  neirer- 
theless  be  in  a  great  degree  to  increuse 
the  isnlatian.  The  common  reader  cannot 
help  tbeoci.  The  blind  man  who  has  not 
always  been  so  must  learn  a  new  alphabet 
^ihus  the  evil  habit  of  keeping  apart 
from  bis  fellows  in  cases  where  he  might 
jufit  as  well  aa^imiUte  will  be  fostered. 
Wc  would  sturdily  resist  this,  and  all  the 
more  because  if  we  leave  thit)  beaten  track 
we  are  ever  further  and  further  from  unity* 
Other  systems,  diverging  from  each  other, 
will  still  perplex  and  divide  the  means 
which  might  be  better  employed  in  mul- 
tiplying hooka  in  one  uniform  type.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  foolish  and  provoking 
things  we  know  of  that  thi>*  small  com- 
munity of  suflcrerSi  living  in  one  land, 
should  be  cut  up  into  different  sections, 
writing  and  reading  in  half  a  dozen  different 
characters.  CotQmon  sense  points  out  that 
the  yielding  party  must  at  all  events  ncf 
he  the  catholic,  the  universal  party*  Ini- 
provementa  within  the  ordinary  range  may, 
we  doubt  not,  be  made  ;  but  let  uh  keep  to 
theooe  general  set  of  characters.  Letters 
trom  Tarious  experienced  managers  of  in- 
'Itutiona  arc  inserted  in  Mr.  Johnaoii's 

<ok,  ail  warmly  urging  this  point. 

With  a  few  more  words  from  the  Abbe 
(.HI  ton  we  conclude  :  the  reader  will  divine 
with  how  much  pleasure  we  use  them  : — 
'*  Le  plus  grand  nomhre  d'avengles  se 
trouve  parmi  la  classc  pan? re,  ct  le  plus 
grand  malheiLr  des  aveugles  est  leur  isole. 
mcDt ;  tons  nos  efforts  doivent  tendre  a 
Jet  rapprocher  de  nous,  et  u  rendre  leur 
instruction  anssi  semblable  h  la  not  re 
qu'il  est  possible,  et  «  comnjceccr  celte 
instruction  anssi  vite  que  I 'on  pent ;  et 
qu*on  ne  croie  pas  cju'il  faille  une  institu- 
tion particnli^re  pour  leur  apprendrc  de 
Ure."^pp,  37,  38. 


The  Parliamentary  Companion/or  1853. 
By  Charles  R.  Dod,  Etq.  ISmo.^Siiice 
the  second  edition  of  this  work  for  the 
year  1852  was  preaeoted  to  the  public, 
almost  concnrrcntly  with  the  meeting  of 
the  new  Parliament,  a  complete  change  of 
mioistry  has  occurred,  involving  the  ap* 
poiotmeot  of  nearly  seventy  persona  and 
the  displacement  of  an  equal  number. 
The  close  baJatice  of  parties  ha&  suggested 
to  the  Editor  to  exereUe  increased  vigi- 
lance in  recording   the  poltttcs  of  each 


member*  **  In  all  possible  cases  the  exact 
words  of  the  member  himself  have  been 
prefixed  to  any  other  statement  of  his  po* 
litical  opinions.  Considerable  pains  have 
also  been  taken  to  record  pledgea  and  the 
most  recent  votes  upon  Free  Trade,  Re- 
form in  Parliament,  the  Maynooth  Grant, 
National  Education,  Tenant  League,  ^c." 
The  salaries  of  ministers,  officers  of  state, 
and  ambassador d  have  been  insertedf  in 
every  instance  ifi  which  they  are  legally 
fixed.  Aa  it  is  now  difficult  to  suggest 
any  further  improvement  in  Mr.  Dod's 
excellent  handbook  b,  we  shall  take  credit 
here  for  naming  one  for  the  Parliamentary 
Companion,  In  the  list  of  the  Howse  of 
Peers  we  should  be  told  when  each  mem< 
her  first  entered  the  house,  either  by  suc- 
cession to  his  peerage,  or  by  election  if  a 
Representative  Peer  of  Scotland  or  Ire- 
land. If  the  Baronets  iq  Uie  House  of 
Commons  had  also  the  dates  of  accession 
or  creation  to  their  dignity  introduced,  the 
information  would  be  acceptable  without 
occupying  much  apace. 

yUielte:  a  novffL  By  Currer  Bell. 
3  roi*. — Another  novel  by  a  woman*s  hand 
ia  too  remarkable  to  he  passed  by  without 
(he  brief  notice  which  can  here  be  given 
to  it.  We  say  "  woman  «  **  advisedly,  for 
the  times  of  doubt  are  long  gone  by,  and 
Currer  Bell  deceives  no  one.  Villette,  this 
new,  in  some  respects  this  best  of  the 
author's  fictions,  ia  more  carefully  written^ 
more  gentle  and  womanly  in  tone,  than 
either  Jane  Eyre  or  Shirley  ;  but  this  gen- 
tletiess  is  superricial,  and  in  reality  there 
is  as  much  or  more  of  vehement,  irregular, 
impulsive  movement  as  in  either  of  the 
other  two.  You  have  no  absolute  mon- 
strosities, but  much  that  b  unaccountable 
aud  disagreeable  in  character  and  situation. 
Decidedly  one  of  the  cleverest  books  of 
the  day,  it  yet  does  not  elevate  you.  Cha- 
racters, BO  good  in  many  ways  that  you 
are  provoked  at  being  obliged  to  dislike 
them,  flit  about  yon, — bursts  of  unheroic 
temper  discompose  you.  There  is  the  busy 
action  of  men  and  women  who,  strong 
themselves  in  natural  strength,  are  shot 
up  and  committed  to  an  artificial  life* 
What  is  really  good  is  often  made  disagree- 
able. Yon  cannot  rise  into  the  unseen  and 
beautiful ;  everywhere  the  clouds  hang 
about  you,  and  prevent  your  clear  distant 
vision. 

And  yet  we  have  not  a  doubt  of  the 
correct  likeness  which  this  book  presents 
to  some  modes  of  life,  and  most  of  the 
chsiracters  are  marked  out  with  wonderful 
art— some  with  great  beauty.  The  crafty 
raistfCfts  of  the  establishment  at  Brosi^Is, 
—the  manly,  kindly  Doctor  John, — the 
self-denying  generosity  and  the  candour  of 


aBS 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


294 


M.  Paul  (if  he  were  only  not  so  abuBive), — 
and  the  honest  uprightness  of  the  heroine 
(if  she  were  only  a  little  less  tolerant  of 
intolerable  tyranny), — all  these  are  admi- 
rable  in  themseWes,  and  in  the  career 
marked  out  for  them.  Also,  we  have  felt 
great  sympathy  and  satisfaction  in  some 
of  the  fine  thoughts  occasionally  thrown 
out  as  from  the  deep  mind  of  one  accus- 
tomed to  think  as  well  as  to  feel.  Still, 
what  we  miss  is  a  more  truly  elevated  tone. 
Strength  is  abundant,  but  how  strangely 
put  forth,  and  how  still  more  strangely 
honoured  !  We  should  be  sorry  to  do  the 
authoress  injustice,  but  really  these  con- 
cessions to  mere  power,  not  of  the  highest 
kind,  are  fatal  to  esteem  for  her  heroine. 
We  were  outraged  in  the  tyranny  of  Louis 
over  Shirley  ;  but  here  is  a  man  practising 
espionage,  habitually  searching  the  escri- 
toire of  a  woman,  abusing  and  striving  to 
degrade  her  before  her  pupils,  and  she 
bears  and  submits,  and  scarcely  seems  to 
feel  that  it  is  degradation.  There  must 
surely  be  some  idiosyncrasy  here.  The 
authoress  may  have  seen  some  lofty  woman 


[March, 


delighting  to  be  humbled  by  the  man  she 
loves,  but  the  picture  is  thoroughly  dis- 
agreeable, and  the  peculiarity  it  depicts 
too  rare  for  sympathy. 


Reliquiee  Antiques  Eboracenset.  Part 
IF.  By  William  Bowman,  Leeda.-^The 
most  interesting  portion  of  this  number  is 
the  illustrated  account  of  the  discovery  of 
Saxon  antiquities  at  Nunbumholm,  near 
Pocklington  ;  and  its  value  to  the  anti- 
quary is  much  enhanced  by  a  well- 
executed  coloured  lithograph  of  the  prin- 
cipal objects  found.  In  an  article  on  St. 
Clement's  Monastery,  York,  the  writer, 
Mr.  W.  Lawton,  gives  extracts  from  some 
work,  which  is  not  mentioned,  respecting 
the  subject  of  tessellated  payements  in 
early  ecclesiastical  buildings.  Before  the 
encaustic  tiles  were  used  the  churches 
on  the  continent  were  not  uncommonly 
adorned  with  pavements  executed  in  pre- 
cisely the  same  manner  as  the  ancient 
Roman,  but  usually  the  designs  were  of  a 
religious  character. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTiaUARIKS. 

Jan.  27.     Capt.  Wm.  H.  Smyth,  V.P. 

Lewis  Powell,  esq.  and  Llewellyn 
Jewitt,  esq.  were  elected  Fellows  of  the 
Society;  and  it  was  announced  that  the 
President  had  appointed  as  Auditors  for 
the  accounts  of  the  past  year,  the  Right 
Hon.  C.  Tennyson  D'Eyncourt,  George 
Godwin,  esq.,  R.  Ford,  esq.,  and  J.  H. 
Parker,  esq. 

Richard  Ellison,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a 
bronze  figure,  six  inches  in  height,  of  a 
man  in  the  civil  costume  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  dug  up  at  Lincoln  in  the  year 
1851. 

A  letter  was  read  addressed  to  the  Pre- 
sident by  the  Right  Hon.  T.  Wyse,  British 
Minister  at  Athens,  containing  particulars 
of  the  fall  of  three  columns  of  the  Erec- 
theion,  and  one  of  the  Temple  of  Jupiter 
Olympius,  during  a  storm  in  Oct.  1852. 

Edward  Foss,  esq.  F.S.A.  communi- 
cated a  paper  on  the  genealogy  of  Sir 
Thomas  More;  by  which  it  was  shewn 
that  his  father  John  More,  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  King's  Bench,  was  the  son 
of  a  former  John  More  who  was  first  the 
butler,  afterwards  steward,  and  finally 
reader  at  Lincoln's  Inn. 

Feb.  3.     J.  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P. 

Mr.  Collier  presented  a  fac-simile  re- 
print of  a  very  scarce  tract  entitled  "  A 


Libell  of  Spanish  Lies  found  at  the  Sack 
of  Cales.  Lond.  1596.»' 

Mr.  Ellison  exhibited  a  vase  or  box  of 
terra  cotta^  found  in  the  year  1R51,  dur- 
ing excavations  in  the  High-street  of  Lin- 
coln. It  resembles  very  closely  the  modem 
earthenware  money-jars,  except  that  the 
slit  is  at  the  side  instead  of  at  the  top. 
There  were  found  in  it  about  twenty 
coins  in  small  brass,  of  the  Emperor  Con- 
stantine,  his  empress  Faosta,  and  bis  sons 
Crispus,  Constantine,  and  Constantius. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis,  by  permission  of  Car- 
dinal Wiseman,  exhibited  an  illuminated 
manuscript,  containing  the  form  of  bless- 
ing cramp-rings,  and  touching  for  the  evil. 
It  belonged  to  our  English  Queen  Mary, 
and  is  ornamented  with  several  miniatures, 
one  of  which  represents  the  queen  in  the 
act  of  blessing  the  rings ;  another  exhi- 
bits her  touching  for  the  evil  a  boy  on  his 
knees  before  her,  introduced  by  the  clerk 
of  the  closet :  his  right  shoulder  is  bared, 
and  the  queen  appears  to  be  rubbin|(  it 
with  her  hand.  Her  Majesty  appears  in  a 
kind  of  hooded  dress,  similar  to  that  in 
which  she  is  represented  in  her  portrait  in 
the  Society's  meeting-room.  The  title-page 
of  this  Volume  has  the  arms  of  Philip  of 
Spain,  around  which  are  the  badges  of 
York  and  Lancaster,  and  the  whole  is  in- 
closed within  a  frame  of  fruit  and  flowen. 


1858.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


295 


John  Evans,  esq.  F.S.A.  communicated 
a  detailed  account  of  the  excavations  of  a 
Roman  villa  at  Boxmoor,  on  the  line  of 
the  London  and  North  Western  Railway, 
and  of  another  at  a  short  distance.  Only 
a  portion  of  the  villa  at  Boxmoor  was  ex- 
plored, owing  to  the  remainder  being 
buried  beneath  the  road  forming  the  ap- 
proach to  the  station,  and  this  led  to  no 
important  discovery.  At  the  second  site 
the  remains  of  a  villa  were  dug  out  of  the 
garden  of  Boxmoor  House,  the  residence 
of  Thomas  Davis,  esq.  and  portions  of  a 
fine  tessellated  pavement  were  found.  Its 
tessellsB  were  composed  —  the  white  of 
limestone,  the  blue  or  grey  of  grey  lime- 
stone, the  black  of  calcareous  sbede,  and 
the  red  and  orange  of  terra  cotta.  In  a 
pavement  found  on  the  site  of  the  Royal 
Exchange,  preserved  in  the  Museum  of 
Practical  Geology,  the  tessellse  are  com- 
posed of  precisely  the  same  materials. 
They  must  have  been  brought  from  some 
distance  to  Boxmoor,  as  none  of  the  stones 
occur  in  that  neighbourhood.  The  pave- 
ment at  Boxmoor  was  not  set  in  the  centre 
of  the  apartment,  but  surrounded  on  three 
sides  by  a  common  red  border  of  one-inch 
tessellse,  the  size  of  the  room  being  about 
twenty- three  feet  by  eighteen  feet.  The 
walls  were  painted  in  panels,  and  the 
colours  were  as  brilliant  as  when  first  ap- 
plied. A  list  of  coins  found  on  the  spot, 
including  several  of  the  Consular  series, 
and  extending  from  Domitian  to  the  fourth 
century,  accompanied  this  notice. 

Feb,  10.     Mr.  Collier  in  the  chair. 

The  following  six  gentlemen  were 
elected  Fellows  of  the  Society  : 

Mr.  William  Figg,  of  Lewes,  land  sur- 
veyor; Edward  Backhouse  Eastwick,  esq. 
F.R.S.  and  F.R.A.S.  Professor  of  Oriental 
languages,  and  librarian  at  Haileybury 
college  ;  William  Watkin  Edward  Wynne- 
esq.  M.P.  of  Penniarth  (re-elected  accord, 
ing  to  the  new  bye-law);  Charles  Hill,  esq. 
of  Hyde  Park  Square;  George  Edward 
Stuart,  esq.  of  Oxford,  architect ;  and  Henry 
Clarke,  esq.  M.D.  of  Southampton. 

John  Evans,  esq.  exhibited  the  copy  of 
the  printed  Order  in  Council  of  the  9th 
Jan.  16*83,  relative  to  the  King's  touching 
for  the  Evil,  which  is  still  suspended  in  a 
frame  in  King's  Langley  church,  Herts  ; 
and  Robert  Cole, esq.  exhibited  a  collection 
of  pamphlets  on  the  same  subject. 

Lord  Londesborough  exhibited  some 
gold  ornaments,  of  the  torqut  class,  and 
of  various  sizes,  found  in  a  rath  near  Kil- 
mallock  in  the  county  of  Limerick. 

WilUam  Michael  Wylie,  esq.  F.S.A. 
communicated  a  detailed  account  of  vari- 
ous Teutonic  remains,  apparently  Saxon, 
found  in  a  camp  called  the  Toumisle 
de   Belleville    at    Ste    Marguerite,    near 


Dieppe.  This  camp  is  presumed  by  Mr. 
Wylie  to  have  been  formed  by  some  of 
the  Saxon  rovers  described  by  Sidonius 
Apollinarisand  Jornandes,  the  prototypesof 
RoUoand  his  Normans.  This  was  probably 
a  portion  of  the  LiUusSojcu.ucum, — which 
was  maintained  on  both  sides  of  the  Chan- 
nel ;  and  that  it  was  Saxon  Mr.  Wylie 
concludes  from  the  occurrence  of  no  Fran- 
cisca,  as  in  the  neighbouring  deposits  of 
Prankish  weapons.  The  chief  weapon  of 
the  Saxons  was  a  spear.  The  knives  found 
were  like  those  that  occur  in  England. 

Feb.  17.     Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Pres. 

The  following  nine  gentlemen  were 
elected  Fellows :  The  Rev.  John  F.  Rus- 
sell, of  the  Eagle  House,  Enfield,  Editor 
of  the  Hierurgia  Anglicana ;  John  Drum- 
mond,  esq.  of  Croydon ;  Joseph  Durham, 
esq.  sculptor,  of  Alfred- place  ;  J.  B.  Davis, 
esq.  M.R.C.S.  of  Shelton,  Staffordshire; 
John  Richards,  esq.  of  Charterhouse- 
square  (re-elected) ;  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Hugo,  M.A.  of  Saint  Botolph,  Bishops- 
gate  ;  Thomas  Prothero,  esq.  of  Hamilton- 
terrace,  St.  John's  Wood ;  Robert  Gardi- 
ner Hill,  esq.  mayor  of  Lincoln  ;  and  Wil* 
liam  Styleman  Walford,  esq.  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  barrister-at-law. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Robert  Lemon, 
esq.  F.S.A.  reporting  his  further  progress 
in  the  arrangement  of  the  Society's  Col- 
lection of  Proclamations.  In  exchange  for 
duplicates  occurring  in  Mr.  Salt's  valuable 
present  (see  our  Jan.  magazine,  p.  71) 
eight  additions  have  been  obtained  from 
the  Stkte  Paper  Office,  exhausting  the 
duplicates  that  have  occurred  in  that  de- 
pository. By  Mr.  Salt's  liberal  gift  the 
Society's  collection  has  been  enriched  by 
more  than  two  hundred  Proclamations  and 
several  Broadsides  of  an  interesting  cha- 
racter. Some  of  them  supplied  deficiencies 
in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.,  whilst  the 
greater  number  extended  the  Society's  col- 
lection from  the  close  of  that  reign  through 
those  of  James  II.,  William  III.  and  Anne, 
with  some  few  in  those  of  the  Georges. 
The  Society's  collection  is  now  the  most 
perfect  known  ;  and  Mr.  Lemon  concluded 
by  directing  the  attention  of  individual 
members  to  promote  its  further  complete- 
ness :  the  great  deficiency  being  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth. 

W.  E.  Copperthwaite,  esq.  exhibited  an 
engraved  stone  stated  to  have  been  lately 
found  in  a  shallow  stream  hi  Yorkslure. 
It  is  of  oval  form,  having  in  the  centre  the 
monogram  of  Christ,  and  around  it  an  in- 
scription not  reversed,  Imp.  Constan. 
Ebar.  (sic)   Its  authenticity  is  doubtful. 

Benj.  Williams,  esq.  presented  a  draw- 
ing of  the  sculptured  tympanum  on  the 
south  door  of  Tetsworth  church  in  Oxford- 
shire, supposed  to  represent  the  Bishop 


296 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[March, 


and  Presbyter.  Its  age  is  probably  of  the 
12th  centuiy.  It  is  engraved  in  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine  for  Jan.  1790,  p.  19; 
and  the  church  in  1793,  p.  719. 

Samuel  Shepherd,  esq.  F.S.A.  com- 
municated some  remarks  on  the  picture 
relative  to  the  Life  of  Sir  Henry  Unton 
(see  our  vol.  XXVIII.  p.  522)  suggesting 
that  in  the  festive  scene  the  Queen  (Eliza- 
beth) was  intended  to  be  represented,  and 
Shakspeare  reading  to  her  from  a  book. 

Benjamin  Nightingale,  esq.  exhibited  an 
original  Writ  of  Privy  Seal,  dated  17  Nov. 
1713,  headed  by  the  sign  manual  of  Queen 
Anne  ;  and  countersigned  by  the  Earl  of 
Oxford,  directing  the  payment  to  Abigail 
Lady  Masham,  Keeper  of  the  Privy  Purse, 
of  any  sum  not  exceeding  26,000/.  for  the 
service  of  the  Privy  Purse  and  for  healing 
medals. 

Sir  Heury  Ellis  communicated  a  tran- 
script of  the  Journal  of  the  Earl  of 
Sussex's  passage  to  Vienna  in  1566,  when 
he  went  to  propose  the  Marriage  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  to  the  Archduke  Charles.  The 
history  of  this  journey,  in  its  political  re- 
lations, is  described  by  Camden  in  his 
Annals.  The  present  document  is  a  Diary 
describing  the  stages  of  its  progress  from 
day  to  day ;  the  reception  of  the  embassy 
by  the  Emperor  and  Empress ;  and  the 
entertainment  of  the  Earl  and  his  suite 
during  their  five  months'  stay.  The  Em- 
peror was  at  this  time  invested  with  the 
Garter.  Sir  Gilbert  Dethick,  then  Garter 
King  of  Arms,  was  one  of  the  train  ;  and 
it  is  presumed  that  he  was  the  writer  of  the 
Journal.  It  is  a  manuscript  in  the  Cot- 
tonian  library,  somewhat  injured  bv  the 
fire  of  1731. 


A&CHJIGLOOICAL  INSTITUTE. 

Feb,  4.  Edward  Hawkins,  esq.  F.R.S. 
Treasurer,  in  the  chair. 

A  further  notice  of  discoveries  of  Roman 
remains  near  Audley  End  was  communi- 
cated by  the  Hon.  Richard  Neville.  In 
the  course  of  his  excavations  the  vestiges 
have  occurred  of  a  kiln  for  the  fabrication 
of  pottery — a  new  example  of  the  general 
introduction  of  Roman  arts  and  manufac- 
tures into  this  country.  ^Ir.  Franks  also 
produced  a  collection  of  vases  lately  found 
on  the  site  of  a  Roman  pottery  of  consi- 
derable extent,  near  the  New  Forest,  in 
Hampshire. 

A  communication  was  read  from  the 
President,  Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide,  re- 
porting his  progress  in  the  arrangements 
connected  with  the  Great  Industrial  Ex- 
hibition in  Dublin,  with  the  object  of  com- 
bining, in  that  display  of  modem  art  and 
ingenuity,  an  assemblage  of  examples  illus- 
trative of  the  progress  of  manufactures  and 
arts,  from  the  earliest  period.  The  enlarged 
9 


scale  of  the  proposed  Exhibition  having 
rendered  an  extension  of  the  buildings  re- 
quisite, Mr.  Dargan  has  consented  to 
appropriate  to  the  Fine  Arts  department 
a  new  wing,  in  which  it  is  proposed  to 
form  as  complete  a  series  as  possible  of  the 
remains  of  Irish  art,  by  the  combination 
of  the  entire  Museum  of  the  Royal  Irish 
Academy  with  the  collections  exhibited  at 
the  meeting  of  the  British  Association  at 
Belfast,  and  numerous  rare  objects  which 
have  been  supplied  from  private  collec- 
tions. Lord  Talbot  has  determined  like- 
wise to  exhibit  an  assemblage  of  analagoas 
examples  from  England  and  Scotland,  so 
as  to  afford  the  opportunity  of  comparison. 
Such  a  collection  must  tend  to  throw  great 
light  upon  questions  which  have  perplexed 
the  archfeologist.  It  is  also  proposed  to 
devote  a  portion  of  the  additional  struc- 
ture to  the  display  of  production!  by  Mr. 
Hardman  and  other  talented  artists  and 
artificers,  whose  imitations  of  mediaeval 
decoration  have  greatly  advanced  towards 
perfection  since  that  exhibition  in  the 
Crystal  Palace.  An  extensive  collection 
of  casts  and  models  will  also  be  formed, 
exhibiting  some  of  the  earlier  antiquities 
of  Ireland,  the  Round  Towers,  the  elabo- 
rately sculptured  crosses,  and  other  objects 
of  which  the  originals  could  not  be  removed 
for  exhibition.  Another  division  will  be 
appropriated  to  works  of  art  of  the  higher 
class,  comprising  choice  examples  of  the 
Italian,  German,  and  other  schools,  with 
specimens  of  engraving,  and  the  produc- 
tions of  all  artistic  processes,  such  as  ena- 
mels, sculptures  in  ivory  or  wood,  gold- 
smiths' work,  &c.,  and  with  these  will  be 
shown  some  of  the  best  works  of  modern 
artists,  rendering  the  scries  as  complete 
and  instructive  as  possible. 

Mr.  Edward  Hussey,  of  Oxford,  read  a 
memoir  on  the  cure  of  certain  diseases  by 
the  Royal  Touch,  detailing  many  curious 
particulars  regarding  the  ceremonies  ob- 
served, the  popular  belief  in  the  virtue 
attributed  to  the  sovereign  of  England,  at 
as  recent  a  period  as  the  last  century,  and 
the  notions  which  had  prevailed  in  refer- 
ence to  the  origin  of  this  singular  practice. 
It  had  been  supposed  to  have  commenced 
in  the  times  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  and 
is  first  alluded  to  by  William  of  Malmes- 
bury,  who  wrote  about  eighty  years  after 
his  reign  ;  some  French  writers,  however, 
have  sought  to  trace  the  gift  of  healing 
virtue  to  Clovis,  as  conferred  upon  the 
first  Christian  sovereign  of  France,  with 
the  holy  chrism,  and  preserved  by  his  suc- 
cessors, asserting  that  the  kings  of  England 
exercised  it  only  by  some  collateral  right. 
It  was  the  custom  to  bestow  upon  the  sick 
person  a  piece  of  gold  or  silver,  as  a  sub- 
stantial token  of  the  exercise  of  this  heal- 


1830.] 


Aniiquariun  Heaetirch 


297 


ing  power.  This  gift  Wiui,  in  the  It  me  of 
Edward  L,  d  Bruall  sum  of  money,  pro- 
bably AS  Litiiis ;  but  tQ  later  times  a  goM 
coin  w««  given,  perforated  for  suspeiitjioii 
to  the  neck.  Henry  VI L  gave  the  angU 
noble,  the  9iiiiUle«t  ^old  coia  in  drculti* 
tion  ;  ami  the  aoge!  was  the  piece  dit;. 
tributcd  at  the  ceremony  of  the  Koyat 
Touch  during  the  sncceedtag  retgus. 
Charlcii  I.  had  iiot  always  galiJ  to  be. 
stow,  and  be  loroetimes  substituted  silf  er, 
or  eveo  brasv.  After  the  Restoratioo  the 
applicants  for  the  healtug  were  so  name- 
rou^T  timt  small  medals  were  struck  for  the 
special  purpose  of  such  distribution.  Mr. 
Hosaey  produced  several  of  these  touch- 
pieces,  of  various  rei^os.  The  Pretender, 
OS  James  I1I.»  had  two,  both  of  silver; 
as  httd  also  the  Cardinal  of  York,  ns 
Henry  IX.  The  last  sovereign  of  England 
who  cxeroised  the  power  was  Quceu  Anne; 
and  tttnoogst  the  latest  occasions  vi»^  that 
wheo  Or.  Johnsonp  in  his  early  childhood, 
wjLS  brought  from  Lichfield  to  be  touched, 
with  200  others.  A  singular  anecdote  is 
recorded  of  George  1.,  who,  soon  after  his 
a<coessiuti,  was  ap[>Hed  to  by  a  gentleman 
iu  behalf  of  his  son.  The  king  referred 
hint  to  the  Pretender,  (is  po^iaessiog  the 
hereditary  gift  of  the  Stunrtj^.  The  result 
was  thiSf  that  the  son  was  touched  and 
recovered,  and  the  father  becuuie  a  devoted 
partisan  of  the  exiled  family.  The  num- 
bers who  crdved  the  benefit  of  this  sup- 
posed virtue  were  extraordinary  ;  Queeu 
Elisabeth,  it  is  stated,  heukd  three  or  four 
hundred  i>ersonB  yearly.  Charles  II.  is 
recorded  to  have  touched  not  teas  than 
9U|798  upplicautj,  according  to  the  regis- 
ters which  wtre  constantly  kept.  James  11. 
on  one  occasion  heakd  350  persons.  Mr. 
Hut^'y  stated  some  remarkable  facts  re- 
j{,urding  the  universal  belief  in  this  healiiDg 
ipywer,  nut  merely  by  the  poor  or  igno- 
Mntf  but  by  the  highest  in  the  state,  by 
physicians,  <cholars,  and  divines,  as  re- 
ceutly  even  as  the  last  century.  The  gift 
WHS  claimed  by  the  kings  of  France  as  well 
as  our  own  »0Tereigiis,  and  the  ocremonial, 
long  observed,  appears  to  have  been  etta- 
blishcd  by  St.  Louis.  A  gre-at  Dumber  of 
persons  were  healed  by  Henri  Qoatre,  afid 
the  inherent  virtue  was  undiminished  in 
Ixiujs  \1V,  and  bonis  XV.  The  cere- 
mony of  the  touch  was  even  prescribed  in 
the  authorised  ceremonial  for  the  coro- 
nation of  Charles  X.  Mr.  Uuwiiins,  in 
ntarnlog  thanks  to  Mr,  liussey  for  this 
cuHous  ditsertAtioD,  observed  that  the 
identical  touch-piece  which  had  been  hung 
round  the  oeck  of  Dr.  Johusou  by  Queen 
Anne,  was,  as  he  had  reason  to  believe, 
now  in  the  British  Mnneum.  It  was  for- 
merly iu  the  Duke  of  Devomihtre's  ciibiuet 
of  medaU* 
Qkkt.  Ma&.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


Mr.  Godwin,  of  Bristol,  gave  an  account 
of  some  mural  paintings  and  8iHiI|]tnred 
ornaments  of  the  Nornniu  period,  exi^tin^ 
in  the  church  of  Ditteridge,  Wilts,  and  he 
Cihibited  tin  ivory  carting,  portion  of  a 
tabk-book,  or  set  of  waJted  tablets  of  the 
fourteenth  century. 

Mr-  Le  Keujc  gave  some  useful  f ngj»es- 
tiona  regarding  the  preservation  ond  l>ejit 
mode  of  cleaning  ancient  arms  and  armour, 
AS  shown  by  several  head-pieces  and  other 
objects  which  he  exhibited.  One  of  these 
helmets  had  been  thrown  out  during  the 
repairs  of  Hayes  Church,  in  Kent,  and 
another  had  formerly  been  in  »he  church 
of  West  Drayton,  Amongst  other  anti- 
quities produced,  were  an  Italian  fencer's 
target,  a  eap  of  mail,  and  ku  iron  orm  of 
iogenioutj  construction,  de.^tined  to  ermble 
some  dauntless  warrior,  who  had  lost  a 
hand,  still  to  wield  his  wcupon.  Walter 
Scott  describes  such  a  fal^  arm,  as  pre- 
serve^d  by  some  ancicrit  Scotish  fiimily. 
These  objects  were  contributed  by  the  Hon. 
Robert  Curzon,  from  the  armory  at  Par- 
ham  Park.  The  Lady  North  sent  a  beau- 
tiful embroidered  lure,  glove*,  and  hawk* 
ing-pouch,  the  latter  mounted  with  silver- 
gilt,  richly  enamelled  with  flo^vers  and 
fruits.  These,  the  most  perfect  set  pro- 
bably ofhawkingapjdinnces  still  preserved, 
are  of  the  reign  of  Eliznbetlu  Mr.  W. 
Beruhard  Stnith  exhibited  some  ancient 
arms,  an  iron  Hon- faced  mask,  aud  un 
Italian  target  covered  with  leather,  bear- 
ing devices  and  ittscriptioos,  and  furnished 
with  a  h'jok,  intended,  as  he  supposed, 
for  fiuspendiug  a  lautern,  to  dazzle  the 
eyes  of  an  opponent  in  u  nightly  con- 
flict. Mr.  Trollopc  sent  a  bronze  himp 
with  four  burners,  found  a  few  days  pre- 
viously at  LincoUi.  Mr.  Desborongh  Bed- 
ford brought  some  relics  found  in  the 
crypt  of  Gerard**  Hall,  and  the  pnrdon  of 
Samuel  Desborough,  one  of  ('rum well's 
Scotch  commissioners,  with  the  great  seal 
appended.  Mr.  Wcstwood  produced  a 
fac-simile  of  the  wtone  bearing  a  Ituuic  in- 
scription, found  not  long  since  at  St.  Paars 
(noticed  in  our  last  number,  p,  1^7).  He 
considered  the  otnatnents  sctdptured  upon 
this  elab  to  be  of  Scandinavian  character. 
Mr.  Franks  stated  thatap|ilication  had  been 
made  in  vain  to  obtain  this  remarkable  relic 
for  the  British  Museum  ;  the  present  pos- 
sessor had  resolved  to  have  it  fixed  up  iu 
his  warehouse,  an  object  of  attraction,  pro- 
bably, to  customei's. 

Mr.  Burtt  produced  a  second  selection 
from  the  cJollectiou  of  Seals  formed  by  the 
late  Mr,  Caley,  comprising  chiefly  foreign 
sealfi,  including  those  of  several  monas* 
terie^  in  Normandy,  Italian  episcopal 
^ealf,  the  seal  of  Cardinal  Ottoboni,  and 
that  of  th«  Order  of  PrKmoostrateuses, 
W'Q 


298 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[March, 


The  Rev.  J.  B.  Reynardson  sent  an  inte- 
resting jewelled  fibula,  found  in  Lincoln- 
shire ;  and  an  ornament  of  jet,  a  ring,  and 
tooth  of  a  beaver,  set  in  metal,  so  as  to  be 
worn  as  an  amulet.  They  were  found 
with  human  remains  in  the  same  county. 
Mr.  G.  Gilbert  Scott  gave  an  account 
of  the  establishment  of  the  *'  Architectural 
Museum  "  in  Canuon-row,  which  we  have 
noticed  more  fully  in  our  "  Notes  of  the 
Month."  Mr.  Le  Keux  took  the  occa- 
sion to  offer  for  this  interesting  object  a 
large  accumulation  of  casts  in  his  posses- 
sion, chiefly  from  York  Minster,  which 
were  thankfully  accepted  by  Mr.  Scott ; 
as  were  also  casts  from  the  fonts  in  Win- 
chester Cathedral,  and  East  Meon  church, 
presented  by  Mr.  Way,  Captain  Wilson 
addressed  the  meeting,  and  suggested  the 
formation  of  an  extensive  collection  of 
Topographical  Illustrations,  arranged  by 
counties  :  he  offered  to  present  to  the  In- 
stitute the  large  assemblage  of  prints, 
drawings,  &c.  which  he  had  formed,  and 
promised  his  services  in  arranging  such 
additions  as  might  hereafter  be  presented 
to  the  Society,  in  pursuance  of  his  pro- 
posal. 


BRITISH  ARCH^OLOQICA  L  ASSOCIATION. 

Jan.  12.  T.  J.  Pettigrew,  esq.  F.R.S. 
V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

Mr.  Bateman  exhibited  a  horn -book  of 
the  time  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  some 
observations  upon  it  and  others  of  a  simi- 
lar kind  by  Mr.  Halliwell  were  read.  Mr. 
Warren  exhibited  a  ring  dug  up  at  Thet- 
ford,  which  was  considered  by  the  meeting 
as  Indian.  Mr.  Clarke  of  Easton  for- 
warded a  Commonwealth  sixpence  of  the 
unusual  weight  of  sixty-seven  grains,  a 
testoon,  and  other  specimens  found  in 
Suffolk.  Mr.  Jewitt  exhibited  a  drawing 
of  a  hauberk  in  his  possession,  weighing 
altogether  fourteen  pounds,  twenty-two 
ounces  of  which  are  composed  of  silver 
rings  around  the  neck,  the  edges  of  the 
sleeves,  and  the  bottom  of  the  vest  ;  the 
rings  were  brazed,  not  riveted  :  it  is 
oriental.  Mr.  Tucker  exhibited  a  mourn- 
ing, ring  of  Sir  W.  Colepepper  of  Ayles- 
ford,  Kent,  of  the  time  of  Elizabeth  ;  it  is 
silver,  and  has  a  death's  head,  and  the  in- 
scription "  In  memoriam.''  Mr.  Ainslie 
exhibited  various  specimens  of  pottery 
lately  excavated  in  the  city  of  London, 
and  a  portion  of  Roman  glass  found  in 
Bartlett's  Buildings,  Holborn,  in  making 
a  sewer.  Mr.  Davis  laid  upon  the  table 
an  earthen  bottle  lately  fished  up  at  Bat- 
tersea :  it  was  considered  to  be  German, 
and  belonging  to  the  sixteenth  century. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  exhibited  portions  of 
tessellated  pavement,  tesserw,  lead,  nails, 
and  fragments  of  tiles,  &c.  from  the  Ro. 


man  villa  at  Twerton,  near  Bath.  Mr. 
Bateman  sent  a  mediaeval  badge,  which 
was  exposed  for  examination.  Dr.  Petti- 
grew exhibited  a  dagger  of  the  time  of 
Charles  I.  dug  up  in  the  field  of  EdgehiQ. 
Mr.  CuUum  exhibited  drawings  of  a  variiety 
of  Roman  antiquities  found  at  different 
times  in  the  city  of  liondon,  and  a  seal 
with  the  head  of  Csesar  found  in  a  gravel 
machine  in  the  Thames.  Mr.  Lynch  ex- 
hibited a  jewel  supposed  to  have  be- 
longed to  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  which 
was  discovered  to  be  of  two  different 
periods  of  workmanship  ;  a  lithograph  of 
it,  with  description,  will  appear  in  the 
forthcoming  Journal.  The  remainder  of 
the  evening  was  occupied  in  the  reading 
and  discussion  of  Mr.  Syer  Cuming's 
paper  on  Vincula,  in  which  he  historicallf 
traced  from  the  earliest  periods  the  em- 
ployment of  fetters  and  other  means  of 
confinement  Specimens  of  different  kinds 
of  fetterlock  were  laid  upon  the  table. 

Jan,  26.  Collections  of  pottery,  found 
at  different  places  in  the  city  during  late 
excavations,  were  exhibited  by  Mr.  Ainsh'e 
and  Mr.  Haywood,  surveyor  of  the  city 
sewers.  Some  Roman  glass  from  Bart- 
lett^s  Buildings  was  also  laid  upon  the 
table,  and  a  fragment  of  a  large  amphora. 
An  iron  object,  somewhat  in  the  shape  of  a 
duck,  found  in  Bishopsgate,  was  exhibited, 
and  conjectured  to  have  formed  part  of  a 
lamp.  Dr.  Kendrick  exhibited  a  fragment 
of  pottery  found  at  Mote  Hill,  Lancashire, 
supposed  to  have  formed  part  of  a  Roman 
sacrificial  vessel ;  also  a  stopper  for  an 
amphora  found  at  Wilderspoof.  Mr.  Rolfe 
exhibited  a  bronze  cup,  found  at  Boughton 
Hill,  Kent,  a  stirrup  of  the  time  of  Henry 
VII.  and  a  portion  of  painted  glass  from 
Canterbury,  containing  the  rebus  of  a 
robin  in  a  tree,  with  the  letters  R.  T. 
(Robin  Tree).  Mr.  Moore,  of  West  Coker, 
forwarded  a  rubbing  from  a  lectern  in 
Yeovil  church,  having  the  following  in- 
scription as  read  by  Mr.  Black  : 
Precibus  nunc  precor  cemoia  hinc  eya  rogate, 
Fratcr  Martinus  Forester,  vita  vigllet  que  beate. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  exhibited  some  Roman 
remains  found  in  a  sepulchral  urn  near 
Thetford,  consisting  principally  of  beads. 
Mr.  Davis  exhibited  a  miniature  of  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots,  attributed  to  Zucchero, 
in  which  she  is  represented  with  a  cross 
somewhat  resembling  that  exhibited  at  the 
preceding  meeting  of  the  Association.  Mr. 
Black  translated  some  interesting  charters, 
to  which  were  affixed  the  seal  of  Humphrey 
de  Bohun.  Mr.  Tucker  exhibited  a  pack 
of  cards  of  the  time  of  Charles  II.  sup- 
posed to  have  been  executed  at  the  Hague; 
they  are  fifty-two  in  number,  and  repre- 
sent the  principal  personages  and  events 
that  occurred  during  the  Commonwealth. 


1853.] 


Antiqtmrian  Researches. 


299 


They  were  purchased  at  the  llague,  by  the 
late  Mr.  Prest,  for  thirty- five  guineas. 

Feb.  9.  Mr.  Syer  Cuming  read  a  paper 
on  Roman  lamps,  illustrated  with  very 
perfect  specimens,  some  bearing  the  mono- 
gram peculiar  to  the  coinage  of  Constan- 
tine,  and  other  marks  of  the  Christian  era. 

Mr.  Lionel  Oliver  presented  a  brass 
medal  of  the  time  of  George  II.  represent- 
ing a  Bishop  trampling  on  Heresy,  and 
holding  a  shield  (on  which  are  the  words 
**  Passive  Obedience,*')  surmounted  by  a 
mitre,  which  is  attacked  by  a  figure,  armed 
with  sword,  &c.  superscribed  •'  Burgess.*' 

Mr.  Carrington  exhibited  a  glass  cup  of 
German  manufacture,  ornamented  with 
eauestrian  figures.  Also  the  seal  of  the 
City  of  Worcester,  which  was  returned  to 
Mr.  Jabez  Allies,  when  mayor,  by  an  anti- 
quary of  Rouen.  This  circumstance  tends 
to  confirm  the  tradition  that  this  seal  was 
formerly  stolen  by  a  town-clerk,  who  ran 
away  to  France.  It  is"  of  brass,  and  has  a 
representation  of  the  city  upon  it,  with  the 
legend  '*  Sigillum  Commune  Civium  Wi- 
gornie." 

Mr.  Charles  Ainslie  placed  on  the  table 
several  articles  said  to  have  been  found  in 
that  arch»ological  mine,  Cannon-street, 
but  most  of  which  were  identified  as  old 
acquaintances  before  the  city  improve- 
ments were  thought  of. 
•  Mr.  S.  I.  Tucker  exhibited  a  silver-gilt 
ring  given  by  George  II.  to  a  pilot,  who 
conducted  him  into  Rye  harbour  when  in 
a  storm  on  the  Sussex  coast.  It  bears  the 
arms  of  Poland  impaled  with  those  of 
Lithuania,  surmounted  by  a  regal  crown. 

Mr.  Gunston  exhibited  rubbings  of  se- 
veral inscriptions  on  church  bells ;  Mr. 
Sherratt  some  tradesmen's  tokens  relative 
to  and  found  in  London  ;  and  Mr.  Wake- 
man  a  drawing  of  a  very  singular  tomb 
at  Llangatog  juxta  Usk,  co.  Monmouth. 

Mr.  James  read  a  paper  on  an  interest- 
ing specimen  of  a  solleret  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  which  he  exhibited.  It  is  be- 
lieved to  be  unique,  with  the  exception  of 
two  inferior  specimens  respectively  in  the 
Tower  Armoury  and  at  Goodrich  Court. 
Mr.  James's  solleret,  which  from  the  rowel 
of  the  spur  to  the  point  of  the  toe  is  two  feet 
seven  inches  long,  was  found  in  Norfolk. 

LEOMINSTER  PRIORY  CHURCH. 

Some  excavations  now  in  progress  have 
disclosed  the  foundations  of  a  remarkable 
Norman  church,  which  belonged  to  the 
priory  of  Leominster,  in  Herefordshire. 
It  was  attached  to  the  east  end  of  the 
present  parish  church  ;  or  rather  the 
Parish  church  was  erected  to  the  westward 
of  that  of  the  Priory.  After  the  dissolu- 
tion of  monasteries-  the  Priory  church  was 
allowed  to  fall  into  ruins,  and  its  debris 
ha«  existed  to  the  present  time  to  the 


height  of  some  7  or  8  feet  above  the 
neighbouring  level.  At  the  erection  of 
the  Union  Workhouse  some  relics  con- 
nected with  the  structure  were  disclosed  ; 
but  curiosity  on  the  subject  had  lain 
dormant  until  the  recent  meeting  at  Lud- 
low of  the  Cambrian  Archaeological  Asso- 
ciation, when  Mr.  A.  Freeman,  of  Durs- 
ley,  delivered  an  architectural  discourse 
upon  the  spot,  which  has  been  published 
in  the  last  number  of  the  Archseologia 
Cambrensis  (New  Series,  vol.  iv.  p.  9). 
On  that  occasion  Mr.  Freeman  alluded  to 
the  great  probability  of  the  former  exist- 
ence of  a  central  tower  with  transepts, 
&c.,  at  the  east  end  of  the  present  Nor- 
man edifice,  and  assigned  as  a  reason  for 
believing  that  such  buildings  existed,  cer- 
tain appearances  at  the  east  end  of  the 
present  structure,  consisting  of  some  pro- 
jections which  probably  formed  a  pier  of 
the  west  and  north  arches  of  the  lantern, 
and  also  the  stump  of  another  supposed 
pier  at  the  northern  end  of  the  transept. 
In  the  middle  of  December  last  the  em- 
bankment of  the  Shrewsbury  and  Here- 
ford railway  began  to  make  its  appearance 
in  the  meadows  a  few  hundred  yards  be- 
low the  Workhouse  premises,  and,  the 
question  of  the  propriety  of  lowering  and 
levelling  the  high  ground  of  the  Work- 
house garden  having  been  discussed,  it 
was  thought  probable  that  the  railway 
contractors  might  at  their  own  expense 
remove  any  surplus  soil  to  their  embank- 
ment below,  and  by  a  tacit  consent  a 
square  hole  was  sunk  in  the  garden,  in 
order  to  ascertain  the  nature  of  the  sub- 
soil. After  sinking  to  the  depth  of  about 
5  feet,  the  workmen  came  to  some  rough 
stonework,  and  this  accident,  acting  upon 
the  curiosity  which  had  been  engendered 
by  Mr.  Freeman's  speculations,  has  led 
to  the  subsequent  discoveries.  The  found- 
ations of  the  Norman  choir,  presbytery, 
and  transepts  have  been  gradually  de- 
veloped, and  finally  a  chapel  at  the  ex- 
treme east  end. 

We  are  favoured  by  Mr.  Freeman  with 
the  following  outline  of  these  researches, 
with  his  remarks  upon  he  appearances 
they  present. 

The  existing  church  consists  of  the  nave 
of  a  Norman  building,  whose  south  aisle 
has  given  way  to  a  large  structure  of 
Early  English  and  Decorated  date,  which 
extends  to  the  southward  of  the  south 
transept,  and  which  from  its  size,  distinct- 
ness, and  general  treatment,  may  be  best 
considered  as  a  second  church.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  a  priori  probability  that  the 
Norman  portion  was  merely  the  western 
limb  of  a  cross  church,  positive  evidence 
to  that  effect  was  found  in  the  existence  of 
what  was  evidently  the  south-western  pier 
of  the  central  tower,  though  now  serving 


300 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


[March, 


as  a  buttress,  and  in  that  of  a  small  por- 
tion of  the  south  wall  of  the  transept, 
with  an  adjoining  pilaster,  marking  its  ex- 
tent to  the  south.  Some  expressions  of 
Leland's  seemed  also  to  refer  to  the  build- 
ing of  which  these  were  fragments,  and 
further  led  to  the  belief  that  the  original 
short  Norman  presbytery  would  be  found 
not  to  have  been  subjected  to  later  exten- 
sions. 

These  conjectures  have  all  been  con- 
firmed by  the  recent  excavations.  The 
whole  of  the  south  transept  and  of  the 
presbytery  has  been  traced  out,  and  the 
surrounding  aisle  and  chapels  of  the  latter 
are  in  process  of  discovery.  Owing  to 
the  nature  of  the  ground,  the  north  tran- 
sept has  not  yet  been  touched,  and  it  may 
perhaps  be  found  impracticable  to  extend 
the  excavations  to  that  portion  of  the 
building. 

The  shape  of  the  church  must  have 
been  somewhat  irregular,  the  four  limbs 
not  being  of  the  same  width  ;  both  pres- 
bytery and  transept  being  norrower  than 
the  nave.  This  drives  us  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  the  central  tower  was  actually 
narrower  from  east  to  west  than  from 
north  to  south,  as  at  Bath  Abbey  and 
Leonard  Stanley,  in  Gloucestershire,  and 
had  not  merely  the  transept  arches  nar- 
rower, as  at  Malmesbury  and  elsewhere. 
The  space  under  the  tower,  forming  the 
choir,  must  therefore  have  been  unusually 
small;  while  the  presbytery,  or  eastern 
limb,  is  itself  so  short  that  the  stalls  can 
hardly  have  run  east  of  the  tower.  This 
may  be  perhaps  explained  by  remem- 
bering that  Leominster  was  not  an  inde- 
pendent priory,  but  merely  a  cell  to  Read- 
ing, and,  consequently,  the  number  of 
monks  present  at  any  one  time  would  pro- 
bably always  be  small.  The  length  of  the 
nave  is  about  125  feet,  of  the  choir  under 
the  tower  about  30,  of  the  presbytery  about 
42.  This  includes  the  apse,  which  has  a 
radius  of  about  8  feet.  As  the  high  altar 
probably  stood  on  its  chord,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  eastern  limb,  as  well  as  the 
space  under  the  tower,  were  of  very  con- 
fined dimensions. 

The  western  and  southern  arches  of 
the  central  tower  had  oddly  formed  rect- 
angular piers  of  several  orders,  but,  as  the 
inner  wall  of  the  presbytery  only  ranges 
with  the  iuner  member  of  the  south- 
western pier,  we  must  suppose  that  the 
eastern  arch  of  the  lantern  sprang  from 
corbels.  There  must  therefore  have  been 
a  considerable  amount  of  singularity,  not 
to  say  awkwardness,  in  the  treatment  of 
the  tower  both  within  and  without. 

Tlie  presbytery  was  surrounded  by  an 
aisle.  Very  great  difficulty  was  found  in 
the  excavation  of  this  portion,  and  very 
many  conjectures  were  offered  during  its 


progress ;  the  final  result  has  been  the 
discovery  of  a  most  important  example  of 
a  Norman  apse,  with  radiating  chapels. 
The  foundations  have  been  discovered  of 
an  aisle  running  round  the  presbytery, 
with  an  apse  diverging  to  the  north-east 
and  south-east,  and,  finally,  a  small  pro- 
jecting chapel  has  been  discovered  at  the 
extreme  east  end,  which  has  not  yet  been 
excavated  all  round,  but  which  may  be 
reasonably  concluded  to  have  also  had  an 
apsidal  termination.  The  outer  walls  of 
the  aisle  have  a  double  range  of  flat  pilas- 
ters— a  marked  characteristic  of  the  church 
throughout — the  inner  ones  probably  act- 
ing as  vaulting  shafts,  the  external  of 
course  as  buttresses. 

The  south  transept  has  been  entirely 
exhumed.  It  had  no  eastern  aisle,  bnt 
one  of  the  eastern  apses  so  usually  found 
in  that  position.  A  decorated  sepulchral 
arch  at  its  extreme  south  was  found  to  be 
of  remarkable  height,  and  exhibited  clear 
signs  of  mediaeval  whitewash.  A  Norman 
string  above  it,  evidently  in  $iiu,  which 
existed  at  the  visit  of  the  Cambrian  Ar- 
chaeological Association,  had  been  de- 
stroyed before  the  excavations  commenced 
— so  easily  may  important  evidence  on 
such  points  be  lost.  Whether  the  tran- 
septs had  western  aisles  is  still  uncertain ; 
the  fact  that  the  eastern  bay  of  the  north 
aisle  was  destroyed  with  them  looks  as  if 
they  had;  there  are  also  some  signs  of 
jambs  at  the  east  end  of  the  great  southern 
addition  ;  but  it  is  not  yet  clear  whether 
they  are  those  of  an  original  arcade,  or  of 
mere  doorways  between  that  addition  and 
the  south  transepts 

The  whole  of  die  foundations  discovered 
seem,  as  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  to  be 
of  the  untouched  Norman  work ;  so  that 
any  later  alterations  must  have  been  en- 
tirely confined  to  insertions  in  the  super- 
structure.  It  is  easy  to  imagine  the  gene- 
ral effect  of  the  building,  which,  with  the 
varied  grouping  of  the  two  towers  and  of 
the  numerous  apses,  must  have  been  one 
of  the  most  picturesque  of  its  kind. 

It  is  gratifying  to  find  that  a  memorial  to 
the  guardians,  praying  that  the  excava- 
tions may  be  dlowed  to  remain  uncovered, 
has  received  the  signatures  of  the  Bishop 
of  the  diocese  (Dr.  Hampden),  of  Lord 
Bateman,  the  Lord  -  Lieutenant  of  the 
county,  of  Lord  Rodney,  and  other  in- 
fluential persons  in  and  about  Leominster. 
Addresses  to  the  same  effect  have  also 
been  forwarded  by  the  Archaeological  Insti- 
tute, the  Cambrian  Archaeological  Asso- 
ciation, and  the  Oxford  Architectural 
Society.  These  have  been  favourably  re- 
ceived, and  it  is  hoped  that  these  interest- 
ing discoveries  may  be  preserved  uninjured 
for  the  study  of  future  inquirers. 


301 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


I 


Tlie  civil  or  state  ceremonial  of  the 
mftrrirtgc  of  the  Emperor  of  France  took 
pliine  on  Sutnrday  evemnj^,  the  29th  Jan. 
at  the  Palace  of  tbcTnilepiea,  in  the  Sfllooo 
of  the  Marshals  J  where  a  platform  had 
l>ften  erccletlt  upon  which  were  placed  two 
fattteuils*  hoth  alike  ;  the  one  fit  the  right 
for  the  Emperor,  and  that  at  the  left  for 
the  Em[>re8s.  The  Emperor  having  taken 
hifl  scat*  the  Minister  of  State  then  re- 
ceived the  declaration  of  his  Imperial 
Majesty  Napoleon  III.  by  the  grace  of 
God  and  the  will  of  the  nation  Emperor 
of  tlie  French,  and  also  that  of  Mdlle. 
Eugenie  de  Montijo,  Countess  of  Tlieba, 
and  fftrmaily  declareil  them  to  he  united 
in  marriage.  The  royal  pair  then  attached 
their  retpective  BJgnatures  to  the  docu- 
ment,  the  same  being  attested  by  wit- 
nesseiic.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  cere- 
mony the  Empresi  was  reconducted  to  her 
residence.  The  religious  ceremony  took 
place  at  Notre  Dame  on  Sunday  morning. 
The  Archbishop  of  Puris,  attended  by  hia 
clergy,  receiired  their  Majesties  at  the 
grand  entrance  of  the  cathctiral,  and,  the 
royal  pair  having  taken  their  seats  on  the 
throne,  he  proceeded  to  the  ceremony  of 
the  marriage,  which  was  conducted  in  all 
respects  according  to  the  polemnitiea  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  accompanied 
by  all  the  pomp  of  Imperial  prestige  and 
royal  tradition.  A  canopy  of  silver  bro- 
cade wA«  held  over  (heir  Majesties*  beada 
by  two  bishops,  and  there  were  no  less 
than  6ve  French  cardinals  present,  namely, 
the  Archbishops  of  Lyons,  Bourge*,  Be- 
wngon,  Rheimi^  and  Bordeaux.  The 
register  which  was  used  at  the  Tnilcries 
on  the  occasion  of  the  civil  marriage  of 
the  Emperor  is  that  of  the  former  Im- 
perial House,  which  has  been  preserved  in 
the  archives  of  the  Secretary  of  State.  The 
first  entry  in  it  is  dated  March  2,  1806, 
and  records  NspoleoD's  adoptioo  of  Prince 
Eugene  as  son  of   the  Emperor,  and  as 


Viceroy  of  Italy.  The  record  immediately 
preceding  that  of  the  marriage  of  Napoleon 
III.  is  that  of  the  birth  of  the  King  of 
Rome,  bearing  date  M.irch  50,  1811. 

On  thp  occai^inn  of  his  marriage  the 
Empiror  has  pardoned  A^VZ  persons  who 
were  implicated  in  the  events  of  185 L 
With  these  pardons,  and  the  submissions 
already  received,  there  do  not  remain  more 
than  1200  persons  subjected  to  expulsion. 
All  the  amnestied  offenders  are  to  be  still 
submitted  to  a  certain  amount  of  #wr- 
vciUance, 

On  the  evening  of  the  6th  Feb.  during 
the  carnival,  the  Austrian  soldiers  on 
guard  at  Milan  were  suddenly  attacked 
and  disarm ed«  and  a  contest  arose,  during 
which  about  ten  meo  were  killed  and 
about  forty  of  either  party  wounded.  It 
is  evident  that  the  affair  was  political  and 
preconcerted,  as  at  the  same  time  similar 
outbreaks  occurred  at  Mon^a,  Mantua, 
Lodi,  and  other  places.  A  proclamation 
by  Marshal  Radetzky,  dated  from  Verona, 
Feb.  D,  subjects  the  city  of  Milan  to  the 
most  rigorous  execution  of  the  state  of 
siege  ;  orders  tliat  all  strangers  of  suspi- 
cious character  be  expelled ;  grants  life 
pensions  to  the  wounded  and  the  families 
of  soldiers  fallen  ;  and  orders  an  extraor- 
dinary gratification  to  the  garrison  as  a 
recompense  for  its  efforts.  Of  eighty  per- 
sons arrested  at  Mibn,  six  were  hung  and 
three  shnt  on  the  ^Ih. 

The  Au^trians  have  since  blockaded  the 
Swiss  can  Ion  of  Ticino,  and  have  ejtpelled 
all  its  natives  from  the  territory  of  Lom- 
bardy. 

On  the  18th  Feb.  the  life  of  the  Em- 
peror of  Austria  was  attempted  by  an 
Hungariflu  named  Lebeny,  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  as  his  Majesty  was  walking 
on  the  ramparts  of  Vienna.  He  was 
nUghtly  woundtd  in  the  neck,  and  by  the 
latest  Bccoiints  his  cure  is  proceeding  fa. 
vo  drably. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


On  the  1 0th  of  February  Parliament 
reassembled,  and  a  statement  of  the  policy 
of  the  New  Ministry  was  made  by  Lord 
John  Russtll  No  additional  number  of 
men  m\\\  be  oiked  for,  but  the  Army,  Navy, 
and  Ordnance  EHtimatcs  will  be  consider- 
ably Urgcr  tlmn  last  year.  The  Canada 
Clergy    Reflcrve^t,    Pilotage,   ond  Jewish 


Disabilities  are  to  be  the  foremost  subjects 
of  legislation.  Australia  is  not  to  be  an- 
noyed by  a  continuation  of  transportation 
the  long  delayed  Conpoltdation  of  Cri 
minal  Law  H  at  la^t  to  he  effei'led  ;  tiomc- 
thing  will  be  done  with  Irish  Tenant 
Right ;  and  Parliamentary  Reform  is  to 
Aland  over  till  next  session. 


Promotions  and  Preferments, 


802 


The  Houses  of  Conyocation  reassembled 
on  the  17th, and,  after  discussion  on  several 
subjects  of  ecclesiastical  polity,  were  pro- 
rogued by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
to  the  18th  of  August.  The  Bishops 
of  Exeter,  Salisbury,  Chichester,  and  Ox- 
ford signed  a  protest  to  the  effect  that, 
while  they  submitted,  they  did  "  not  assent 
to  any  claim  on  the  part  of  the  Archbishop 
to  prorogue  them  sine  consensu  frairum,'* 

On  the  15th  February  a  frightful  ca- 
tastrophe occurred  at  the  entrance  of 
Dublia  Bay.  The  City  of  Dublin  Steam- 
ship Company's  vessel    Queen   Vtctoriot 


[MaAsh, 


which  left  Liverpool  on  the  day  before, 
with  120  sooLs  on  board,  ran  on  the  rocks 
off  the  Howth  Lighthouse,  at  a  few  mi- 
nutes before  two  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
and  instantaneously  went  to  pieces.  The 
Roscommon  steamer  picked  up  between 
40  and  50  persons;  the  remainder,  ac- 
cording to  some  accounts  more  than  100, 
and  certainly  not  less  than  80,  were  lost. 
Among  the  missing  persons  is  the  com- 
mander of  the  vessel,  Captain  Church,  who 
has  been  on  the  station  upwards  of  twenty 
years. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Sheriffs  for  the  Year  1853. 
Beds.— H.  Littledale,  of  Kempston  grange,  esq. 
Berks.— H.  P.  Best,  of  Donnmgton  castle,  esq. 
Budcs.— Abraham  Darby,  of  Stoke  court,  esq. 
Cambridgesh.  and  HuDtingdonsb.  — William 
Whitting,  of  Manea  andl^orney  abbey,  esq. 
Camb.— F.B.Atkin8on,ofRampsbecklodge,esq. 
Chesh.— J.  H.  Leche,  of  Garden  park,  esq. 
Cornwall.— Richard  Foster,  of  Castle,  esq. 
Derb.— Sir  J.  H.  Crewe,  of  Calke  abbey,  bart, 
Devon.— E.B.H.Gennys,  of  Whitleigb  hall,  esq. 
Dorset.— William  Bragge,  of  Sadborow,  esq. 
Durham.— F.  A.  Milbank,  of  Hart,  esq. 
Essex.— J.  G.  Rebow,  of  Wivenhoe  park,  esq. 
Glouc— J.  R.  Barker,  of  Fairford  park,  esq. 
Heref.— W.  M.  Kyrle,  of  Homme  bouse,  esq. 
Herts.— Sir  T.  G.  S.  Sebright,  of  Beech  wood 

park,  Bart. 
Kent.— F.  C.  Hyde,  of  Syndale  house,  esq. 
Lancash.— J.  T.  Clifton,  of  Lytham  hall,  esq. 
Leic— Fred.  Wollaston,  of  Shenton,  esa. 
Line— Joseph  Livesey,  of  Stourton  hall,  esq. 
Monmouth.— Henry  Bailey,  of  NantyGlo,  esq. 
Norfolk.— D.  Gurney,  of  North  Runcton,  esq. 

Northampt.— C.  C.  Elwes,  of  Great  Billing,  esq. 

Northurob.— Walter  Selby,  of  Biddlestoo,  esq. 

Notts— T.  S.  Godfrey,  of  Balderton,  esq. 

Oxford.- James  Morrell,jun.  of  Oxford,  esq. 

Rutland. — John  Parker,  of  Preston,  esq. 

Salop.— A.  C.  Heber  Percy,  of  Hodnet  hall,  esq. 

Som.— F.  H.  Dickinson,  of  Kingsweston,  esq. 

Staff.— Edward  BuUer,  of  Dilhorne  hall,  esq.  ' 

Southampton.  — John   Shelley,   of  Avington 
bouse,  near  Winchester,  esq. 

Suffolk.— Lord  Henniker,  of  Thornham  hall. 

Surrey.— Thos.  Grissell,  of  Norbury  park,  esq. 

Sussex.— F.  Barchard,  of  Horstead  place,  esq. 

Warw.— Sir  W.  K.  Cradock  Hartopp,  of  Four 
Oaks  hall,  Bart. 

Westm.— J.  Wakefield,  of  Sedgwick  bouse,  esq. 

Wilts.— F.  L.  Popham,  of  Littlecot,  esq. 

Wore— Charles  Noel,  of  Bell  hall,  esq. 

York.— Andrew  Montagu,  of  Melton  park,  esq. 
WALES. 

Anglesey.— R.  W.  Prichard,  of  Eriauell,  esq. 

Brecon. — Postponed. 

Carnarv.-R.V.W. Williams,  of  Llandudno,  esq. 

Carmarthen.— Hon.  W.  H.  Yelverton,  of  Whit- 
land  abbey. 

Cardigan.— Lewis  Pugh,  of  Aberystwith,  esq. 

Denbigh.— P.  W.  Yorke,  of  Dyffryn  Aled,  esq. 

Flint.— Whitehall  Dod.  of  Llanerch,  esq. 

GlamorK:an.— R.H.Miers,  of  Yniapenllwch,  esq. 

Montgumery.— J.  Naylor,  of  Leignton  hall,  esq. 

Merioneth.— T.  A.  B.  Mostyn,  of  Kylan,  esq. 

Pemb.— A.  N.  J.  Stokes,  of  St.  Botolph's,  esq. 

Radnor.— J.  Field,  of  Esgairdrainllwyn,  esq. 


Gazette  Preferments. 
Jan.  17.  Stephen  Henry  Sullivan,  eaq.  (now 
Charge  d* Affaires  and  Consul-General  in  Chili) 
to  be  Charge  d'AflfWres  and  Consul-General  iu 
Peru.— Capt.  the  Hon.  Bdward  Jdtnd  John 
Harris,  RN.  (now  Charge  d' Affaires  and  Con- 
sul-General in  Peru)  to  be  Charge  d' Affaires 
and  Consul-General  in  C!hili. 

Jan.  19.  The  Duke  of  Northumberland  and 
Marquess  of  Londonderry  elected  Knights  of 
the  Garter.  .      .    „^ 

Jan.  32.  Francis  Lewis  Shaw  Merewetber, 
esq.  to  be  Auditor-General,  and  William  Har- 
vie  Christie,  esq.  to  be  Postmaster-General  tor 
the  colony  of  New  South  Wales:  and  John 
Sterling,  esq.  to  be  Aj^ent  for  Church  and 
School  Lands  in  that  cofony. 

Jan.  38.  40th  Foot,  Major-Gen.  R.  Erertoo, 
C.B.  to  be  Cotonel.— Cape  Mounted  Riflemen, 
Major  C.  H.  Somerset  to  be  Lieut.-C:olonel ; 
Capt.  G.  J.  Carey  to  be  Mi^or.- SUff,  brevet 
Ctolonel  A.  W.  Torrens,  of  3Sd  Foot,  to  be  As- 
sistant Quartermaster  -  general,  vice  brevet 
(Jolonel  R.  Airey,  appointed  MiliUrv  SecreUry 
to  the  General  Commanding-in-Cnicf.— Weat 
Essex  Militia,  Capt.  G.  Robblns,  late  of  H.M. 
regular  forces,  to  be  Major.— East  York  Militia, 
F.  A.  T.  C  Constable,  esq.  to  be  Second  Major. 
Feb.  4.  E.  R.  Power,  esq.  to  be  Assistant 
Colonial  SecreUry  for  Oylon,  and  P.  W.  Bray- 
brooke,  esq.  AssisUnt  Government  Agent. 
District  Judge,  (>>mmi88ioner  of  Requests,  and 
Police  Magistrate  of  BadnUa,  in  that  island.— 
Lord  A.  Hervcy  to  be  Keeper  of  the  Pnvy  Seal 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales— 1st  Dragoons.  Major 
J.  Yorke  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt.  R.  Ward- 
law  to  be  Major.— 23d  Foot,  brevet  Major  T.  S. 
Conway,  C.B.  to  be  Mi^or.— Unattached,  bre- 
vet Major  C.  Kelson,  from  Ceylon  Rifle  Regi- 
ment, to  be  Major.-Staff,  Major  F.  D.  George, 
C.B.,  from  33d  Foot,  to  be  Dep.  AcHotant-gan. 
in  the  Windward  and  Leeward  Islands,  with 
the  rank  of  Lieut.  .C:olonel  in  the  Army ;  brevet 
Major  H.  D.  O'Halloran,  from  69th  Foot,  to  be 
Deputy  Quartermaster-gen.  in  the  Windward 
ana  Leeward  Islands.  ,.  . 

Feb.  14.  Andrew  Buchanan,  esq.  (now  Minis- 
ter Plenip.  to  the  Swiss  Confederation,)  to  be 
Envoy  Extr.  and  Minister  Plenip.  to  the  Kinf 
of  Denmark  ;  and  the  Hon.  Charles  Augustus 
Murray  (now  Agent  and  C^onsul-General  la 
Egypt)  to  be  Minister  Plenip.  to  the  Swiss 
Confederation. 

Feb.  15.  Edward  Eyre  Williams,  esq.  to  be 
Second  Puisne  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  in 
the  colony  of  Victoria ;  William  Foster  Stawell, 
esq.  to  be  Attorney-General;   James  Croke, 


1853.] 


Promotions  and  Preferments. 


803 


esq.  Solicitor-General;  Henry  Field  Gurner, 
esq.  Crown  Solicitor;  Robert  Williams  Pohl- 
man,  esq.  Commissioner  of  the  Court  of  Re- 
quests and  Chairman  of  General  and  Quarter 
Sessions  ;  and  Frederick  Wilkinson,  esq.  to  be 
Master  in  Ejjuity  of  the  Supreme  Court  and 
Chief  Commissioner  of  Insolvent  Estates,  all 
in  the  same  colony.— 19th  Foot,  brevet  Lieut.- 
Col.  T.  Unett  to  be  M^or.— 67th  Foot,  Major 
T.  E.  Knox,  from  3d  west  India  Regt.,  to  be 
Major,  vice  Major  S.H.  Murray,  who  exchanges. 
—2d  West  India  Regt.  Capt.  H.  W.  Whitfield 
to  be  Major. 

Feb.  18.  2d  West  India  Regt.,  Staff  Surgeon 
of  the  Second  Class,  J.  W.  Mostyn,  M.D.  to  be 
Surgeon. 


Major  T.  A.  Larcom,  R.  Eng.  (late  Deputy 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Works)  to  be  Under- 
Secretary  of  State  for  Ireland. 

Mr.  Leeke.  son  of  Commodore  Sir  H.  Leeke, 
to  be  High  Sheriff  of  Bombay. 

Rear-Adm.  Houston  Stewart,  C.B.  to  be 
Secretary  to  the  Master-General  of  the  Ord- 
nance. 


Members  returned  to  serve  in  Parliament. 

Merthyr  Tydvil.— Henry  Austin  Bruce,  esq. 

Tavistock.— Koberi  Joseph  Phillimore,  esq. 
vice  Carter,  declared  unqualified. 


Naval  Preferments. 

Capt.  Henry  Byam  Martin,  C.B.  and  Comm. 
G.  W.  Preedy  to  the  Duke  of  Wellington; 
Comm.  George  Hancock  to  the  Espiegle,  12, 
at  Sbeerness. 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 

Ven.  C.  C.  Clerke,  D.D.  (Archdeacon  of  Oxford, 

&c.)  Sub-Deanery  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of 

Oxford. 
Rev.J.Davies,D.D.(R.  of  Gateshead)  Honorary 

Canonry  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Durham. 
Rev.  J.  Gould  (R.  of  Burwash,  Sussex),  to  the 

Canonry  of  Hurst  in  the  Cathedral  Church 

of  Chichester. 
Rev.  W.  Jackman  (V.  of  Falkenham,  Suffolk), 

Honorary  Canonry  in  the  Cathedral  Church 

of  Norwich. 
Rev.  W.  D.  Anderson,  Milton-Damerell  R.  w. 

Cookworthy  P.C  Devon. 
Rev.  C.  M.  Arnold,  Christ  Church  P.C.  Clap- 
ham,  Surrey. 
Rev.  A.  F.  Bellman,  Moulton  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  R.  Bird,  Uffington  V.  Berks. 
Rev.  J.  P.  Birkett,  Graveley  R.  Cambridgesh. 
Rev.  F.  G.  Blomfield,  St.  Andrew  Undershaft, 

w.  St.  Mary-at-Axe  R.  London. 
Rev.  G.  J.  Blomfield,  Bow,  alias  Nymet-Tracey 

R.  w.  Broad  Nymet  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  Cholmeley,  St.  Mary  P.C.  Wainfleet, 

Lincolnshire. 
Rev.T.Clark.St.MaryP.C.Haggerston,  London. 
Rev.  S.  Clifford,  Teynham  V.Kent. 
Rev.  R.  W.Cory,  Horsey-next-the-SeaV.  Norf. 
Rev.  E.  B.  Everard,  Burnham-lTiorpe  R.  Norf. 
Rev.A.O.Fitz-Gerald,Charlton-MackrelR.Som. 
Rev.  P.  P.  Gilbert,  St.  Augustin  w.  St.  Faith 

R.  London. 
Rev.  R.  B.  Halburd.  Templeroan  R.  dio.  Cloyne. 
Rev.  W.  Hayes,  Stockton- Heath  P.C.  Great 

Budworth,  Cheshire. 
Rev.  G.  A.  Hayward,  Campsall  P.C.  Yorkah. 
Rev.  R.  Holmes,  Happiaburgh  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Hughes,  Horley  V.  Surrey. 
Rev.  W.  Irvine,  Longfleet  P.C.  Dorset. 
Rev.  F.  C.  Jackson,  Grade  R.  w.  Ruan-Mlnor 

R.  Cornwall. 


Rev.  S.  T.  H.  Jervois,  Downham  P.C.  Lane. 
Rev.  A.  Kent,  Haresfield  V.  Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  W.  Melland,  Rushton  P.C.  Staffordshire. 
Rev.  T.  D.  Millner,  Bulfprd  DC.  Wilts. 
Rev.  T.  B.  G.  Moore,  Broxbourne  V.  Herts. 
Rev.  C.  Nevile^  Fiedborough  R.  Notts. 
Rev.E.H.Niblett,  Redmarley-d'Abitot  R.Worc. 
Rev.  A.  S.  Orraerod,  Halvergate  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  G.  Tarker,  Killanully  R.  dio.  Cloyne. 
Rev.  W.  R.  Parker,  Wiliingale-Spain  R.  Essex. 
Rev.  G.  Poole,  Hammerwich  P.C.  Staffordsh. 
Rev.  E.  W.  Relton,  Ealing  V.  Middlesex. 
Rev.  R.  E.  Roy,  Skirbeck  R.w.  Trinity  C.  Line. 
Rev.  J.  O.  Ryder,  Isle  of  Elmley  R.  Kent. 
Rev.  J.  Shortt,  Hoghton  P.C.  Lancashire. 
Rev.  R.  Shutte,  High  Halden  R.  Kent. 
Rev.  J.  Smith,  Acton  R.  Middlesex. 
Rev.J.Smith,GoldenHillP.C.Wolstanton,  Staff. 
Rev.  H.  Somerville,  Aghinagh  P.C  dio.  Cloyne. 
Rev.  J.  Soper,  South  Lambeth  Chapel,  Surrey. 
Rev.  T.  I.  Stewart,  Landscove  P.C.  Devon. 
Rev.  T.  Thackeray,  Usworth  P.C.  Durham. 
Rev.  J.  F.Thrupp,  Barrington  V.  Cambridgesh. 
Rev.  G.  Tufnell,  Thorn  ton- Watlass  R.  Yorksh. 
Rev.  W.  Valentine,  Whixley  P.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  F.  Van  der  Menlen,  Thorley  R.  Herts. 
Rev.T.A.Warburton.D.C.L.IfleyP.C.Oxfordsh. 
Rev.  J.  Wenham,  West  Clandon  R.  Surrey. 

To  Chaplaincies. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Andrews,  Union,  Oulton,  Suffolk. 

Rev.  J.  Cawston,  H.M.S.  Bellerophon. 

Rev.  W.  C.  Fenton,  to  Sheriff  of  Yorkshire. 

Rev.  J.  Gurney,  H.M.  Steam-frigate  Leopard. 

Rev.  G.  A.  M.  Litle,  (and  Naval  instmctor)  to 
H.M.  Screw  Steam-frigate  Imperieuse. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Mathias,  Colonial,  Ceylon. 

Rev.  R.  Montgomery,  to  Lord  Bateman. 

Rev.  C.  M.  Robins,  Yacht  Sylphide. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Scott,  Union,  Bath. 

Rev.  C.  B.  Turner,  to  Sheriff  of  Worcestershire. 

To  be  Chaplains  to  the  Lord  JAeutenant  of 
Ireland .—\en.  J.  Armstrong  (Archdeacon 
of  Clonfert),  Ven.  M.  G.  Beresford  D.D.(Arch- 
deacon  of  Ardagh),  Rev.  G.  Black  (R.  of 
Inch).  Rev.  \s7ll.  Brady,  Hon.  and  Very 
Rev.  H.  M.  Browne  (Dean  of  Lismore),  Rev. 


D.L'.L.  (Arciidtcicon  ai  C^b-liflJ,  Hcv.  M,  lie 
Ctmrcy^  1>.D.,  Rev.  C.  J*  iJkkinson,  Rpv.  W, 
l^itxGerald.  Rev.  H.  Griffin,  Ven.  M.  J. 
Keafin«e  (ArchdeftCOfiof  Ardfert),  Very  Rev* 
K.  M.  Kenrjtiiy  (Denn  of  ClonfertJ,  Rev.  T.  P, 
Knt>x,  llev-  H.  Uoyd,  D-D.,  Veri'  Rev.  Lord 
V I  SCO  u  111  Mount  m  or  res  (l>e;in  of  Achonry), 
Very  Rev.  H.  Newlaml,  U.D-CDciinor  ¥eras}, 
(lev.  K.  OTallai^'bneir  llou.  anil  Vi-rv  Kcv.H. 
l'akei>haiiia>-l>  (r>eflnof  St.  Putrick'a).  Rev. 
H.  Perct'val^  Xen^  J.  A.  RuaselJ  (Archdeacon 
of  ChijiTH  rl^  Vif^m.  J,  W.  i^tokt^*  {Arrhdeacon 
01"  AriiK'  '.J,  ::  •;.  h.  1  k '■•':•  ^'i;;,  O.B, 
(R.  of  Kilmore),  Rev.  S.  Townsend,  Very 
Rev.  W.  Warburton  (Dean  of  Elphin),  and 
Ven.  J.  West,  D.D.  (Archdeacon  of  Dnblln). 

Collegiate  and  Scholastic  Appointments. 

Rev.  W.  Sewell,  Principal  of  Radley  College, 
Abingdon. 

R.  H.  Charters,  B.A.  Mathematical-Master, 
Sedbergh  Grammar  School,  Yorkshire. 

W.  Wayte  (Fellow  of  King*s  College,  Cam- 
bridge), Assistant-Master,  Eton  College. 


Rev.  H.  Allan,  Lecturer,  St.  Luke,  Old  Street, 

London. 
Very  Rev.  H.  P.  Hamilton  (Dean  of  Salisbury) 

to  be  one  of  Her  M^esty'a  Preachers  at  the 

Chapel  Royal,  Whitehall. 
Hon.  and  Rev.  W.  Howard  (R.  of  Whiston)  to 

be  Organising  Secretary  of  the  Society  for 

the  Propagation  of  tlie  Gospel  in  Foreiga 


304 


Births — Martiages* 


[March, 


Parts  for  the  iVrcUdeacoary  of  York,  or  the 

West  Riding. 
Rev.  J.  Mayle,  a  Mission  at  Bucharest. 
llev.  T.  C.  Pratt,  Readership  of  Christ  Church, 

Newgate  Street,  London. 
J.  Smallpeice,  B.A.  Vice-Principal  of  Diocesan 

Training  College,  Chichester. 


BIRTHS. 

Jan.  13.  At  Chew  Magna,  near  Bristol,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Grenville  Frodshain  Hodson, 

a  dau. At  Tinwell  house,  the  wife  of  Robert 

Parr,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 18.    At  Clifton, 

the  wife  of  Vincent  Eyre,  esq.  a  son. 19.  At 

Bletchley,  Bucks,  the  wife  of  Richard  Selby 
Lowndes,  esq.  a  son. 20.  The  wife  of  Ed- 
mund Law  Lushington.  esa.  of  Park  house, 
Maidstone,  a  dau. 21.  The  wife  of  F.  New- 
ton Dickenson,  esq.  Siston  court,  Glouc.  a  dau. 

At  Wooburn  house,  Bucks,  Mrs.  Francis 

Edward  Venables,  a  son 22.  At  Wimbledon. 

the  Countess  of  Kerry,  a  son. At  West  Hill 

house,  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  the  wife  of  W.  H. 

Rushbrooke,  esq.  RN.  a  dau. 25.  At  Tlior- 

nycroft  hall,  Cheshire,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  John 

Tnornycroft,  a  dau. 27-  At  Carlton  gardens, 

the  Hon.  Mrs.  J.  S.  Wortley,  a  son. At  Dub- 
lin, the  Hon.  Mrs.  Col  borne,  a  dau. 29.    In 

Brook  St.  the  Marchioness  of  Blandford,  a  dau. 

30.  At  Dublin,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  William 

H.  E.  Wood  Wright,  of  Gola  house,  co.  Monn- 
ghan,  a  son  and  heir. 

Lately.  At  the  Lees,  Derbyshire,  Lady  Anna 
Chandos  Pole,  a  son  and  heir. 

Feb.  1.  At  Perry  mount,  Sydenham,  the  wife 

of  CImrlton  J.  Wollaston,  esq.  a  son. 2.  At 

May  place,  Crayford,  Kent,  trie  wife  of  James 
MacGregor,  esq.  M.P.  a  dau. 3.  In  Mans- 
field street.  Lady  Charles  Russell,  a  son. At 

Rockingham  castle,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Watson,  a 

dau. 4.  In  Eaton  pi.  the  Countess  of  Ennis- 

killen,  a  dau. 5.  At  the  rectory,  Little  Pon- 
ton, Line,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Pcnnyman  W. 

Worsley.  a  dau. 7.  At  Malmaison,  co.  Cork, 

Lady  Coghill,  a  son. 8.    At  Marchington, 

Staf!'.  Lady  Harriet  Vernon,  a  dau. At  Ash- 
bourne, Derbysh.  the  wife  of  Sir  George  Gervis, 

Bart,  a  son. 9.    In  Carlton  gardens,  Lady 

Brooke,  a  son,  heir  to  the  earldom  of  Warwick. 

In  Holland,  the  wife  of  Major-Gen.  Charles 

Bentinck,  a  son. 13.    In  Grosvenor  st.  Mrs. 

R.  Capel  Cure,  a  son. 16.    In  Eccleston  sq. 

the  wife  of  Capt.  H.J.  Codrington.  R.N.  a  son. 

20.    In  Belgrave  sq.  the  wire  of  the  Rt. 

Hon.  Sidney  Herbert,  a  son. 


MARRIAGES. 

Dec.  16.  At  Stockton-on-Tees,  John  Spiers 
Sladden,  esq.  M.A.  Head  Master  of  the  Gram- 
mar School,  Stockton,  to  Miss  Mary  Hannah 

Atty. At  St.  Thomas's,  Stamford  hill,  the 

Rev.  George  Wm.  Uellyer,  to  Frances-Maria, 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Luby,  esq.  M.D.  Royal 
Veteran  Batt.  and  niece  of  the  late  Malcolm 

M'Neill,  esq.  of  Losset,  Islay. At  All  Souls', 

Langham  pi.  William,  fourth  son  of  John  AlaU 
thewg,  esq.  of  Newport,  I.  W.  to  Caroline- 
Richmond,  only  child  of  .Robt.  Rouse,  esq.  of 

Wigmorc  st.  Cavendish  sq. At  All  Saints', 

St.  John's  Wood,  Edward- Barnes,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Goodman,  to  Lu- 
cinda-Matilda,  only  dau.  of  William  Pcrcival, 

esq.  George  st.  Hanover  sq. At  Streatham, 

Surrey,  John  Keen,  esq.  only  son  of  the  late 
James  Keen,  esq.  of  Streatham,  to  Sarah, 
youngest  dau.  of  Robt.  Garrard,  esq.  of  Wood- 
field.   Streatham. R.    Hindley    Wilkinson^ 

esq.  of  King's  coll.  Cambridge,  to  C.  A.  Caro- 
line, only  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Gen.  Vicomte 
Obert,  and  niece  of  E.  Parkins,  esq.  of  Ches- 

10 


field  lodge,  Herts. At  St.  James's  Picca- 
dilly, Archibald  Lewis  Cocke,  esq.  youngest 
son  of  the  late  A.  Cocke,  esq.  surgeon,  How- 
land  St.  Fitzroy  sq.  to  Janet,  youngest  dau.  of 

the  late  Capt.  Mackay,  R.M. Christopher 

Rowland  Richardson,  esq.  Lieut.  61st  Regt. 
eldest  sou  of  C.  R.  Richardson,  esq.  Dorset  st. 
Portman  sq.  to  Frances- Annie,  only  dau.  of 
James  Yearsley,  esq.  Savile  row,  St.  James's. 

At  St.  James's  Paddington,  Syed  Abdool- 

lah,  to  Margaret-Wilson,  the  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Capt.  George  Henderson,  of  44th  Foot. 
At  Westdean,  near  Chichester,  John  Sad- 
ler, esq.  of  West  Lavant,  to  Ann,  dau.  of  A. 
Pinnix,  esq. 

18.  At  St.  Pancras,  William  James  Strick- 
land, esq.  civil  engineer,  to  Elizabeth-Maiy- 
ann-Longmore,  only  dau.  of  the  late  W.  T. 

Anderson,  R.N.  Tonbridge  pi.  New  road. 

At  Mountnessing,  Alfred  Bingham,  esq.  of  the 
Stock  Exchange,  to  Mary-Anne,  eldest  dau.  of 
G.  Fulcher,  esq.  of  Mark  lane. At  Weston- 
super-Mare,  R.  Plaufair,  esq.  to  Elizabeth, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Francis  Moffatt,  esq. 
Aberdeen At  Bromley,  Kent,  Joseph-Mat- 
thew, youngest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  H. 
Jloworthy,  Rector  of  Brickling  and  Erping- 
ham,  Norfolk,  to  Jemima-O'Brien,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  T.  A.  Jones,  Rector  of 
Vere,  Jamaica. 

19.  At  Ipswich,  William  Frederick  Uintck, 
esq.  of  Belgrave  house,  Yarmouth,  sou  of  the 
late  Baron  Von  Hinscb,  of  Hamburg,  to  Su- 
sannah-Elizabeth, only  dau.  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Hopper,  St.  Peter's,  Ipswich. 

21.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  the  Right 
Hon.  Lord  Erskine,  to  Anna,  widow  of  T.  Cal- 
derwood  Durham,  esq.  of  Largo  and  of  Polton. 

At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  George  Tash 

Ttpeed,  esq.  of  Upper  Brook  st.  Grosvenor  sq. 
to  Emily-Charlotte,  second  dau.  of  the  late  9. 

Joseph.  e8(i.  R.S.A. At  Bristol,  the  Rev. 

J.  W.  Davit,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Loppington, 
Salop,  to  Frances- Eleanora,  dau.  of  ttie  Rev. 
W.  C.  Clack,  Rector  of  Moreton  Hampstead, 

Devon. At   Southsea,    W.   Charles    Perry 

Grant,  esq.  Royal  Navy,  to  Fanny,  eldest  dau. 

of  Major  W.  F.  Steer,   Bengal  Army. At 

Cambridge,  the  Rev.  Charles  Dallas  Alarston, 
M.A.  Incumbent  of  St.  Stephen's,  Tunbridge, 
to  Emily- Buxton,  dau.  of  Frederick  Randall, 

esq.  of  Cambridge. At  Steeple  Bunipstead, 

Essex,  W.  Stuart  Wild,  esq.  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  only  son  of  the  Rev.  W.  T.  Wild,  B.D. 
Vicar  of  Weatow,  Yorkshire,  to  Jane,  youngest 
dau.  of  Alexander  Brown,  esq.  of  Broadgatc 

house.  Steeple  Bumpstead. At  St.  John's, 

Notting  hill,  Robert  Wm.£CToi«,  esq.  youngest 
son  of  the  Rev.  John  Lewis.  Rector  of  Ingate- 
stone  and  Rivenhall,  to  Augosta,  widow  of 

Edward  Wells,  esq.  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

At  Brompton,  the  Rev.  Henry  Smith  AlackoT' 
ness.  Fellow  of  King's  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  to  Matilda-Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  James 
Robinson  Planch(5,  esq.  F.S.A.  of  Michael's 
Grove  lodge,  Brompton. — At  the  Chapel, 
Cally  Gatehouse,  N.B.  Frederick  Madan,  esq. 
of  Northwick  terr.  St.  John's  wood,  to  Cathe- 
rine, fifth   dau.   of  the    Hon.    Montgomerie 

Stewart. At    Melbourne,   Cambridgeshire, 

George  Edward  Webster,  esq.  of  Shirley,  near 
Southampton,  to   Mary-Jane,  eldest  dao.  of 

the  late  VVortham  Hitch,  esq. At   Wors- 

brougli,  John  Netcman,  esq.  of  Oriel  college, 
Oxford,  youngest  son  of  \\m.  Newman,  esq.  of 
Darley  hall,  near  Barnsley,  to  Anna- Frances, 
the  youngest  dau.  of  >Ym.  EInihirst,  esq.  of 
Round  Green. 

22.  At  St.  James's,  Norland,  Notting  hill, 
John,  eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Newton,  esq. 
of  Alconbury  house,  co.  Hunts,  to  Charlotte, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Birch,  D.D. 
Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  8k. 


18530 


Ma  triages. 


905 


I 


At  St.  Pjinerai  New  Chuicli,  Cliarles  VVitluifri 
Beret  psm*  ^^  la*<?  »f  Siilney  .Sussex  college, 
CaiiiUridxc,  to  l!lli£abetfa,elde.^t  (iaiu  of  Mr» li. 
Tenma,  of  Melton  at.  Kustoii  mj — -Kt  Chp- 
hjitn,  the  Rev.  Edwartl  Jolm  -Vr/ir^M,  M.A. 
Ilejxd  Master  ot  Hie  Ulackhpalh  Propnetary 
ScliQuI,  to  Maria-Sijphia-lJuL^heSj  eldest  »ur- 
xiviufc  dan.  of  VV.  liu'^hr^  liu^^lie^,  esq.  late 

M-P.  for  Oxford, At  Chiclielty,  Bucks,  Mio 

Hev.  Wm.  Beiijntnin  P/tUpoi,  to  llArrifctte- 
Gcorgiua,  younger  da  a.  of  the  Ute  Lieut.- Col. 

Obins. At  ihe  Pneabytcrian  Church,  Upper 

George  at.  AJexiaoder  GeddcM,  esq.  of  Annso- 
dale,  Jamaica,  to  Frances,  fourth  dau.  of  the 
late  Thomas  KTershcd,  est),  of  ra]lin!?haiiij 

Sussex. At  St.  Geonfe's  litoomsljurj %  Chas. 

Hewitt  Mooffy  e*q.  of  Montap:ue  pL  Riis!*ell 
square,  second  son  of  VV,  Moore,  esq.  Friary, 
Plymouth,  to  Heorietta-Gcorife,  eldest  tiau.  of 
James  Wbiteborne,  esq.  of  QuecD'jt  road, 
Gloucester  ^ate,  Regent**  park,  late  of  Ja- 
ma jca< 

33.  Al  Itunncre,  the  Rev.  Kdward  Mortimer 
Ctiuold,  younirest  san  of  the  Kev.  Stetdien 
ClisKold,  of  Wrentham  rectory,  tiufTolk,  tu 
Florc-nce-Jaiie,  eldest  dau.of  :^ir  Edwanl  ^fier- 

lock   CJoocli,  Bart.  M.P.  of  Denacre  hutl. 

At  Nalberton.  litcliard  Rtwpfj  e«>q.  Imrrisler- 
at-lavr,  to  Mujcella,  sixth  dau.  of  the  late  Jtihii 

Were  Clarke,  esq.  of  Bridwell. At  C.iwoud, 

the  Rev.  F^benesier  //eWeff,  T.  A,  Kiof^^i^  coll. 
aiid  Curate  of  St.  John  the  Aiwstle,  bethnnl 
prceo,  to  Jane,  eldest  daa.  of  A.  Mason,  e.^q. 

of  Nnfferton,    Yorkshire. At    Combe    St. 

Ntchola;]*  i*<jmerset,  Jolifi  Keyiiohla  Waiter, 
esq.  of  Broaikiiat,  Ig  Sarah  Rose,  younger  duu, 

of  Richard  Walter,  e*q.  of  Combe  fiead. 

At  IJrisjiol,  the  Uev.  Brooke  F.  Wejstcoit,  M,A. 
Fellow  of  Trinity  college,  Cambrir^e,  iintt 
A5»istant-MA5ter  of  Harrow^  to  Sarah-^Lbuisa- 
Mary,  elde-st  dau.  of  Thomas  Wfijttnrd,  esq.  of 
Kingsdown. 

24.  Henry,  sod  of  Edward  John  Carttr^  esq. 
ofTheakston  hall.  toOctavin,  dau.  of  the  lute 
Ucnry  Hen^intati,  esq. 

27.  At  St.  Luke%  Norwood,  Utoe  Hypolite 
lavarfffrr,  esq.  second  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Ileiin  Fivarjrerf  of  Nkufchateh  to  Caroline- 
Maria,  elde-it  dau.  of  the  Ute  \V.  H,  lioltnes, 
ei^q.  Manor  liouBe,  Kiirea,  Ireland. 

28,  At  :?t.  Gc^ir^e'A  Itaiiover&q.^ir  Michael 
Rub'Tt  Siiaw  AYeirwr/,  Hart,  ol  Ardgiiwaut 
Renfrewstare,  N.IJ.  to  Lndy  f>ctttvift  Gros- 
veiior,  fdth  dati.  of  the  Murqui.^  of  Westminster, 
and  sister  to  the  Duchess  of  iVorthumlierland, 
the  Couniefts  of  Macclesfield,  the  Lady  Wen- 

lock,  &c-^ At   Portstewart,    the   Hen.  and 

Rev.  Cli^rl.'^  n,.t*>tlnjt,  brother  of  the  Earl  of 
Morelo;  fourth  dau.  of  Capt.  Richj 

WwidU  k. Al  Oxford,  the  Rev. 

C.  II.  ,    M.A.    student    of  Christ 

Church,  aiiii  Vjcjr  of  Pyrton,  Oxfordshire, 
third  son  of  the  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of  Llan- 
dulT,  to  Hiizabcth-Jane.  dau.  of  J.  H.  Markland, 
esii-  U,C,L.  of  Hath.— 'At  Thurso,  Caithnesa, 
Jonn  RtitH4flify  Capt.  Bombay  Fusiliers  (Brevet 
Major),  son  of  the  late  Lieut  -Gen.  the  Koiu 
John  Ramsay,  to  Kate'^iuclair,  dsu.  of  tbe 
late  David  l^inp,  esq.  Thurso,  and  granddau. 

of  the  late  Lieut-Gen-  Sinclair,  of  Lybater. 

At  St.  Mjury's  I^mbtrtli,  Cornthwaitc  Hector, 
esq.  «<ecoiid  !!on  of  the  late  C.  J.  Uectcir,  esq. 
M.P.  for  Pelerstield,  to  Ann»  st?coiid  dau.  of 

the  late  Wtn.  Ha\  wardtesq.of  theTemple,^ 

At  Chnrclist.nutoti,  Woodforde  PYooki,  esq.  of 
IL*'  tnr.^r  I'm m pie,  I'arri*ter'at-l3\v,  to  Ann- 
o;  iriu.  of  William  Ueadon,  esq.  of 

t»:  u}{(. At  St.  GileaS,  Camber- 

vir  ,,,ui,.,  >•,►,. /A    s..-,(nd,  Hurvivin^ 

61  of  Peckharn, 

t"  lu.  of  George 

B   i ,.,.........:.     -AtSt  Mary- 

lebofie,  Charles  CiiJdweii  Gr«««^ArtW,  esq.  Licut. 

ClBtiT.  Mau.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


Ceylon  Rifles,  eldest  ^on  of  Lieuf.^Cul.  Gr/tnt* 
ham,  Roj  al  Arliner>%  to  .\delinet  only  dau.  of 

Lieut,-I^I,    JoEiusun,    lale  atli    Fusiliers. 

At  Hitfh  Wycombe,  Bucks,  the  Rev.  A.  11. 
Wrati*iau\  At.  A.  FeMow  and  Tutor  of  ChHal*a 
collcgi*,  Cambridjce,  to  Frances  Gertrude,  se* 
conddaii.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  C,  Helm,  MA.  of 
WadhEiiii  colles^e,  Oxforil, — -At  Newcastle- 
upan-Tyne,  James  Wifliaiii  Bat/mr^  esq.  of 
the  Ttb  Dragoon  Gunrda.  to  Isabella,  only  dau. 
of  the  Late  Lieut.-Col.  Craster. At  St.  Mi- 
chael's, Chester  aq.  Ricliard  Jones  Wigpinjif 
esq.  R.N.  eldest  son  of  Matthew  Wiggins,  esq. 
formerly  of  Gloucester  pi.  Portmnnsi).  to  Elita. 
Mary,  only  dati.  of  Robert  Robertson,  esq.  late 

of  H.M.  58th  Regt At  Springfield,  Essex, 

\V.  J.  Voombe,  esq.  ol'  Greenwieli,  to  Jcnette, 
only  dam.  of  the  late  ^Villiam  Meggy,  esq.  of 
Great  Yarmonth,  Norfolk. — -At  St  Saviour's. 
Southwark,  Capt,  Tudart  to  Frances*  sctuud 
dan.  of  John  Attrec  Fuller,  e«q.  of  Chichesler. 

.\t  Rotberby,  G.  H .  C//ir*,  esq.  of  Finsbury 

place,  and  Canoiibury,  to  Mary- Ann,  Ibird 
dau.  of  Jo-sepli  Hames,  esq.  ofRotberby  hall. 

39.  At  Huytois,  Lane.  Francis  Paliu,  em^. 
son  of  John  Paliu,  esq  pf  Christletou,  Chester, 
to  Louisa- Phi lippa,  youiiijest  drm.of  the  late 

Rev.  C.  G.  T.  Jirifrield,  Vicar  of  Frescol. 

At  Ualstead,  the  Rev.  Frnlerick  Wm.  Smithy 
Clinplsin  ICN.  and  late  Curateof  St.  Andrew^aj 
to  Mary  Rachel,  eldest  dnu.  of  James  Flavell, 
e54|,  xMaster  of  the  Grammar  School,  Ualstead. 
— -At  Prestwicb,  the  Rev.  Charles  Erant^ 
Fellow  of  Trinity  college.  Cambridge,  and  one 
of  the  Masters  of  Rugby  School,  to  Sitsaiuiah- 
Sarah,  yotingciit  dan.  of  the  Right   Rev.  the 

Lord    Birih^tp   of   Wanrhoster. At    Trinity 

Church,  Westbonrne  terr.  Ikiward  Frederick 
HurtttH,  I'sq.ofGloucestercre.'sccnl,  llydeparkt 
and  of  Chnticery  injte.  to  Frances,  youngest 
dau.  of  Wiltlafo.  Fanning,  esq.  of  Gluucestcr 

gardens,  Hyde  park. At  IJradpole,  Dorset, 

ihe  Rev.  Charles  John  Dmcn,  second  ^oa  of 
Rca.r-Adm.  Down,  of  Ilfracombe,  Devon,  to 
Alice-Mary,  youngest  itau.  of  Joines  Templer, 
esq,  of  Bridport.- — ihe  liev.  l'.  H.  Lister ^ 
Vicar  of  LuddiiiKtonii  youngest  son  of  James 
Lister,  esq.  of  Oust  fleet  grange,  Yorkshire, 
and  Hirst  ]>riory,  Lincolnshire,  to  Mary-Char- 
lotte, youngest  "d»u.  of  the  Rev.  Francis  Swan, 
Rector   of  Sanflihorpe  aud  Ueiiiituiiftoi],  and 

Prebendary  of  hltic^ At  i*addJngtoti,  Henry 

R'ViAi'/tfrtf,  esq.  to  Rose- Emily,  .•iecond  dau.  of 

Sir  Henry  Rowley  Bishop, At  Chekenham, 

JaiDcs  A.  C.  HutchinMoa,  esq.  M.D.  Bengal 
Army,  to  Julia-Margarett,  younjg;eat  tIau.  of  the: 
late  Capt.  Chri.stopher  Codrington,  Bengal 
Army. 

30.  At  CiLston,  the  Rev.  Geo,  Harris  Cooke^ 
JLA.  Wadhain  cullege.  Oxford,  Second  Master 
of  tlie  Colchester  Grammar  school,  to  Louisa, 
third  dau.  of  Cynia  Gilfett,  esq.  of  Markhball, 

near  Norwich. At  Sontbsea,  the  Rev.  Chas. 

Ricbmond  Tate,  B.D.  FcUow  of  Cbri-st  Church 
coUegej  Oxford,  and  Vicar  of  St-nd-niih-Ripley, 
Surrey,  to  Elizabeth -Ed  mo  nd  son,  eldest  dau. 

of  Josiah  Webb,   esq.   of  Marmiou  pi. At 

Duisbarg,  Prussia,  William  ffotrttortht  esq.  of 
MarllKorotigb  pi.  Brighton,  to  .Mnry-Ann,  relict 
of  the  late  lain  ea  Green  hat  ji^h ,  esq.  of  Charlotte 
street,  Fitzroy  square. At  Sharnbrook,  Bed- 
fordshire, Wdliam  Crougliton  A'fiYe/wo/i,  esq. 
third  eon  of  the  late  Richard  Siilernati.  e?iq.  of 
the  Friars,  Winchelaea,  Sussex,  to  Frances, 
youngeiit  dau.  of  the  late  John  Gibbard,  esr|. 

of  SharnbrofJk  house,  Beds, At  lam  worth, 

the  Rev.  Clinrles  Joseph  IVatf,  of  Sproatley,  to 
Caroline,  youngest  dau.  of  Ihamas  Bramliatl| 

esq.  of  Tamwofth At  Suwston,  Camb.  the 

Rev.  J.  trifAefi.  il.A.  Fellow  of  Gonville  and 
Caius  college,  Camb.  to  EliEabeth-ATici,  second 
dau.  of  the  Rtv.  E.  Daniel,  Vicar  of  Sawston. 
^At  Gooderatooe,  the  Rev.  F.  T.  ISattHt, 

2R 


•606 


Marriages. 


[March, 


li.A.  Gonville  and  Caius  college,  Camb.  to 
Maria,  only  daa.  of  C.  Brook,  esq. 

Jan.  1.  At  St.  James's  Hyde  park.  Thomas 
Lloyd,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Eyre  Lloyd^  esq.  of 
Prospect  house,  Castle  Cannon,  co.  Lamenck, 
and  grandson  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  esq.  late  M.P. 
for  that  county,  to  Aun-Cowper,  only  child  of 
James   Cheese,   esq.  of  Huntingdon  Court, 

Heref. At  Bath.  Alfred- William,  eldest  son 

of  C.  J.  Eatt,  esq.  to  Ann-Eliza-Eunice,  eldest 

dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  East,  M.A.  Rector. 

At  Selby,  Edward  JacJuon,  esq.  M.D.  of  Eccles- 
field,  near  ShefReld,  to  Annie-Leetham,  eldest 
dau.  of  John  Burkilt,  esq.  of  Selby,  surgeon. 

At  Doisburg-on-the-Rnine,  Thos.  Bianold, 

esq.  of  Lakenham,  to  Georgiana,  dau.  of  John 

Green,  esq.  of  Birmingham. At  St.  Mary- 

lebone,  James  John  LorudtUe,  esq.  of  Lincoln's 
inn,  barrister-at-law,  to  Jessica-Matilda,  dau. 
of  the  late  Samuel  James  Arnold,  esq.  and 

widow  of  Dr.  Herbert  Mayo,  F.R.S. At  Daw- 

lish,  Capt.  Bichford,  R.N.  to  Harriet,  only  dau. 
of  Codrington  Parr,  esq.  of  Stonelands,  Devon. 
4.  At  the  British  Embassy,  Paris,  the  Hon. 
Charles  Spencer  Cowper,  brother  of  Earl  Cow- 
per,  to  the  Lady  Harriet  Anne,  ?  Countess 
d'Orsay,  dau.  of  the  late  Earl  of  Blessington. 

At  Risby,    Bury    St.  Edmund's,    Robert 

Woodhouse,  esq.  of  Grosvenor  pi.  barrister-at- 
law,  son  of  the  late  R.  Woodhouse,  esq.  Prof, 
of  Astronomy  in  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
to  Ellen-Hurry,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  S.  H.  Alder- 
son,  and  niece  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Baron  Alderson. 

At  Milston,  Wilts,  John  Pinckney,  esq. 

second  son  of  Riobert  Pinckney,  esq.  of  Ames- 
bury,  to  Rachael-Martha,  only  child  of  the  late 

Rev.  P.  P.  Reodall.M.A. At  Fordingbridge, 

Georfre  Roberts  Tatum,  Tesq.  of  Salisbury,  to 
Caroline,  only  dau.  of  George  Tito  Brice,  esq. 

of  Packham  house,  Hants. The  Rev.  Francis 

Russel  JIall,  D.D.  late  Fellow  of  St.  John's 
college,  Cambridge,  and  Rector  of  St.  Vigor's, 
Fulboume,  to  Mary-Annie,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Mr.  G.  F.  West,  of  Rosoman  house,  Isling- 
ton.  At    Handsworth,   Blackball  Martack, 

esq.  of  Little  Brickhill,  Bucks,  third  son  of 
G.  H.  Marsack,  esq.  of  Barnstaple,  Devon,  to 
Mary- Alston,  elder  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Chas. 

Lor  J.  Vicar  of  Ufiington.  Berks. Christopher 

Harison,  late  Capt.  73d  Regt.  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Charles  Harison,  esq.  of  Sutton  place, 
and  Folkington,  Sussex,  to  Louisa-Marie-Mil- 
lett,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Commander 

Moorman,  R.N.,  K.F.M. At  All  Saints'  St. 

John's  wood,  Samuel  Cotlett  Jlomersham,  esq. 
C.E.  to  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  Henry  Collen, 

esq.  of  St.  John's  wood. At  Cheltenham, 

John  Aliardice,  esq.  of  Glasgow,  to  Caroline- 
Ann,  second  dau.  of  Major  John  Haites,  of  the 
E.LCo's.  Serv. At  Chelsea,  the  Rev.  Mat- 
thew Harvey,  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Buckland, 
of  Laleham,  Middx.  to  Frances-Eliza,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Robertson,  esq.  As- 
sistant Commissary-General. At  Heighing- 

ton,  CO.  Durham,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Warde,  of 
Carleton,  to  Mary- Anne,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Josiah  Smithson,  esq. 

5.    At  Bridgwater,  the  Rev.  R.  L.  Carpenter, 
of  Birkenhead,  to  Mary,  second  dau.  of  William 

Brown,  esq.  Bridgwater. At  Christ  Church. 

Virginia  Water,  Richard  Fort,  esq.  of  Read 
hain  Lane,  to  Margaret-Ellen,  second  dau. of 
the  late  Major-Gen.  J.  N.Smith.  Hon.  E  IC.S. 

and  widow  of  Cant.  M.  Smith,  E.LC.S. At 

Westbury-upon-lrym,  the  Rev.T.  Middlemore 
Whitiard,  B.A.  of  Trinity  coUeg^e,  Cambridge, 
and  Assistant  Master  of  Victoria  college,  Jer- 
sey, toGabrielle-Antoinette,  second  dau.  of  M. 

Fr'anyois  Ferrand,  of  Geneva. At  Bassaleg, 

David  Robertson  Williamson,  esq,  of  Lawers, 
Perthshire,  to  Selina-Marit,  second  dau.  of  Sir 
Charles  Morgan,  Bart,  of  Tredegar  pk.  Monm. 

At  Hull,  Edward,  eldest  son  of  Capt.  W. 

Murlcy,  R.K.  to  Martha-Augasta-Catheriiie, 


youngest  dau.  of  G.  Mordaunt,  esq.  of  ShelBeld. 

At  Claines,  near  Worcester,  Mi^or  Joseph 

Robertson  Founder,  late  Dep.  Judge  Adr.-Qen. 
Bengal  Army,  to  Julia-Ann- Wilks,  dau.  of  the 
late  Lancelot  Blackett,  esq.  of  Ualton,  and 
youngest  sister  of  Mr.  L.  F.  Blackett,  mer- 
chant, of  Ueadingly,  near  Leeds. 

6.  At  Plymouth,  the  Rev.  Edward  Budge, 
of  Bratton  Clovelly  rectory,  to  Anne,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Milton,  of  Golden  bank, 
Liskeard. At  Killybegs,  George  C.  W.  Tap- 
pen,  esq.  son  of  the  late  George  Tappen,  esq. 
of  Pall  Mall,  to  Eliza- Jane,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  James  Hamilton,  esq.  of  Fintra  hoose,  oo. 

Donegal. At  St.  Marylebone,  Edwd.  Davies 

Browne,  esq.  of  Surbiton  hill,  Surrey,  to  Uar- 
riette-Hill,  only  surviving  child  of  William 
Sandys,  esq.  of  Devonshire  st.  Portland  place. 

At  Marylebone,  J.  Taylor,  esq.  M.D.  of 

Curran,  co.  Monaghan,  to  Catherine-Folton, 
widow,  eldest  dau.  of  the  latelHugh  M*Cal- 
mont,  esq .  of  Demerara ;  and  at  the  same  time, 
Thomas  Mawhinny,  esq.  surgeon,  of  Charles 
street,  Manchester  sq.  to  Susan,  second  dan. 

of  the  late  Hugh  M'Calmont,  esq. At  Stur- 

minster  Marshall,  J.  E.  Tkring,  esq.  Royal 
Artillery,  to  Charlotte-Anne,  second  dan.  of 
the  Rev.  E.  Powlett  Blunt,  of  Bailie,  Wim- 
borne. At  St.  Mary  Woolnoth,  Samuel  Col- 
borne  Peacock,  esq.  second  son  of  James  Pea- 
cock, eso.  of  Sydenham,  to  Maria-Louisa,  only 
dau.  of  William  Blakesly,  esq.  of  Lombard  st. 

At  the  British  Embassy.  Brossels,  the  Rev. 

G.  P.  Keogh,  chaplain  at  Brussels,  to  Louisa, 
youngest  dau.  of  A.  Peterson,  esq.  of  Brussels 
and  Rocheford,  in  the  Ardennes,  Belgiam. 

8.  Vice-Vdmiral  Sir  Thos.  Cochrane,  K.C. B. 
Commander-in-Chief  of  Portsmouth,  to  Ro- 
setta- Wheeler,  dau.  of  Sir  Wheeler  Cuffe,  Bart. 
of  Lyroth,  Kilkenny,  and  niece  of  the  late  Barl 
of  Mayo. — At  Bath,  Henry-Derereux.  youmr- 
est  son  of  the  late  Geo.  Davenport,  esq.  of  Oxf. 
to  Margaret-Alice,  dau.  of  Capt.  Pickering 
Clarke,  R.N.  of  Perrymead,  Bath. At  Rip- 
ley, Surrey,  the  Rev.  Charles  MareJkaU,  Vicar 
of  St.  Bride's,  to  Sarah- Elizabeth,  of  Ripley 
court,  Surrey,  younger  dau.  of  the  late  John 

Harrison,  esq. At  Southsea,  Lieut.  B.  P. 

Priest,  K.N.,  H.M.S.  Leopard,  to  Amelia- 
Sophia,  dau.  of  William  S.  Burnett,  esq.  of 

Lisbon. At  St.  Mary  Abbot's,  Kensington, 

Thomas  Leigh,  esq.  of  Warwick  lodge,  Addi- 
son road,  to  Martha,  widow  of  James  William 

Stuart,  esq. At  Dublin,  T.  P.  B.  WaUhe, 

esq.  Bombay  Army,  to  Euphemia  F.  Elizabeth, 
heiress  and  only  child  of  Rev.  Spencer  W. 
Walshe,  D.D.  Rector  of  Balsoon  and  Assy,  co. 
Meath. 

11.  At  Harrow,  John  Pares  Bickereteth,  esq . 
M.A.  o(  Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  and  of 
Salisbury,  eldest  son  of  Robert  Bickersteth. 
esq.  of  Liverpool,  to  Ellen-Mary,  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  E.  T.  Vaughan,  Vicar  of  St.  Martin's. 
Leicester. — In  the  Chapel,  at  Mawley  hall, 
Salop,  Henry-Wilham,  second  son  of  Henry 
Pownall,  esq.  late  of  Spring  grove,  Middlesex, 
to  Fanny,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Edw.  Blount. 

esq.  M.P.  of  Bellamore,  Staffordshire. At 

Falmouth,  George  T.  S.  Winthrqp,  esq.  Lieut. 
R.N.  youmrest  son  of  the  late  Vice-Adm.  Win- 
throp,  to  Charlotte,  second  dau.  of  his  Excel- 
lency Ueut.-Gen.  Wood,C.B.  Commander  of 
the  Forces   m    the  Windward  and  Leeward 

Islands. At  Stockwell,  Thos.  Holden  Batee, 

esq.  of  Wolsingham.  Durham,  to  Eliza,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  Joseph  Raw,  esq.  of  Brixton. 

James  Innee,  esq.  of  Kirtling  tower,  Camb. 

to  Louisa,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Stepbeo 
Spencer,  eso.  ofEasty  wood,  Wickhambfook, 
Suffolk. At  Uske,  Monmouthshire.  M.Digby 


WJ^^J\.^^S\J^^^^^*  ♦<>  Mary,  second  dan.  of 


307 


OBITUARY. 


The  Archduke  Reinier. 

Jan,  -^.  At  Botzen,  on  the  Tyrol 
(where  he  had  resided  since  1848),  in  his 
70th  year,  his  Imperial  Highness  the 
Archduke  Reinier  Joseph  John  Michael 
Francis  Jerome,  Field  Marshal  and  Colo- 
nel-proprietor of  the  11th  Regiment  of 
Infantry  ;  late  Viceroy  of  Lombardy. 

He  was  the  fifth  son  of  the  Emperor 
Leopold  II.  by  Maria- Louisa,  daughter  of 
Charles  III.  King  of  Spain  ;  and  was  born 
at  Florence  on  the  30th  of  September, 
1783,  his  father  being  at  that  time  Grand- 
Duke  of  Tuscany.  As  Colonel  of  the  regi- 
ment which  bore  his  name,  the  Archduke 
took  part  in  several  of  the  wars  with 
France  ;  and,  during  the  later  campaigns, 
obtained  the  grade  of  Field- Marshal.  In 
1820  the  Emperor  nominated  him  to  the 
viceroyalty  of  the  Lombardo-Venetian  pro- 
Tinces,  which  had  been  constituted  by  the 
decree  in  1816  a  kingdom.  In  the  same 
year  he  married  the  Princess  Elizabeth  of 
Savoy- C ari gnan ;  whose  brother,  Charles 
Albert,  in  1831,  ascended  the  throne  upon 
the  extinction  of  the  elder  branch  of  the 
house  of  Savoy.  Of  this  marriage  eight 
children  were  born,  two  of  them  princesses, 
the  elder  of  whom,  the  Archduchess 
Maria,  died  at  Vienna  in  1842;  the  other 
is  now  wife  of  Victor  Emmanuel,  King  of 
Sardinia.  Of  the  six  princes,  his  sons, 
one  died  in  tender  years  at  Milan,  the 
other  five  have  commissions  in  the  Aus- 
trian army.  One  of  them,  Reinier,  the 
fifth  by  birth,  married,  two  years  ago,  the 
Archduchess  Caroline,  daughter  of  Charles, 
the  adversary  of  Napoleon  on  the  fields  of 
Aspem  and  Wagram.  During  the  twenty- 
seven  years  of  the  late  prince's  viceroyalty, 
no  incident,  except  the  abortive  rising  of 
1821,  arose  to  trouble  the  pacific  course 
of  his  residence. 


The  Earl  of  Stair. 

Jan.  10.  At  Oxenfoord  Castle,  aged  82, 
the  Right  Hon.  John  Hamilton  Dalrym- 
ple,  eighth  Earl  of  Stair,  Viscount  Dal- 
rymple  and  Baron  Newliston  (1703), 
Viscount  Stair,  Baron  Glenluce  and  Stran- 
raer (1690),  a  Baronet  (1664  and  1698), 
Baron  Oxenfoord  in  the  peerage  of  the 
United  Kingdom  (1841),  K.T.,  a  General 
in  the  army,  and  Colonel  of  the  46th  Foot. 

Tliis  venerable  and  excellent  nobleman 
was  born  in  Edinburgh  on  the  15rh  June, 
1771.  He  was  the  fourth  but  eldest  sur- 
viving son  of  Sir  John  Dalrymple,  the 
fourth  Baronet,  of  Cousland  and  Fala,  a 
Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  Scotland,  and 
Author  of  *♦  Memoirs  of  Great  Britain  and 


Ireland,'*  by  his  cousin,  Elizabeth,  only 
child  and  heir  of  Thomas  Hamilton  Mac- 
gill,  esq.  of  Fala,  and  Oxenfoord. 

He  entered  the  army  on  the  28th  Feb. 
1790,  as  Ensign  in  the  100th  Foot ;  be- 
came Lieutenant  April  30, 1792 ;  Captain 
in  the  19th  Foot,  April  26,  1793;  and 
exchanged  into  the  3d  Guards  two  days 
after.  In  1 794  he  went  to  Flanders,  where 
he  served  until  the  return  of  the  army  in 
1795.  He  succeeded  to  a  company,  with 
the  rank  of  Lieut.-Colonel,  Dec.  6,  1798. 
In  October  1805  he  accompanied  the  ex- 
pedition to  Hanover.  In  July  1807  he 
went  to  Zealand,  and  he  was  present  at 
the  siege  of  Copenhagen.  He  received 
the  brevet  of  Colonel  in  1808,  and  at- 
tained the  rank  of  Major-General  in  1811. 
In  1814  he  served  for  a  short  time  on  the 
staff  of  Scotland.  Whilst  he  held  the 
command  of  the  Guards  his  active  mind 
was  always  occupied  in  devising  means  to 
avoid  the  infliction  of  corporal  punishment. 
Many  years  afterwards  he  was  sent  for 
by  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  and  requested 
to  explain  the  nature  and  results  of  the 
experiments  he  had  made,  which  his  Grace 
had  come  to  think  of  importance. 

He  succeeded  to  the  dignity  of  a  Baro- 
net on  the  death  of  his  father  on  the  26th 
Feb.  1810. 

As  soon  as  he  had  relinquished  his  active 
connexion  with  the  army  he  busied  himself 
in  politics,  and  warmly  espoused  the  Whig 
or  Liberal  cause.  He  made  two  attempts 
to  enter  Parliament  for  MidLothian  under 
the  old  constituency:  fitst  in  1812,  when 
he  polled  46  votes,  and  Sir  George  Clerk 
(the  former  member)  56 ;  again  in  1818, 
when  he  poUed  49  votes,  and  Sir  George 
Clerk  79.  After  the  enactment  of  Reform, 
of  which  he  was  one  of  the  most  zealous 
and  influential  of  the  supporters  in  Scot- 
land, he  was  at  length  returned  at  the 
election  of  1832  by  a  majority  of  69  over 
Sir  George  Clerk.  He  relinquished  the 
contest,  however,  at  the  election  of  1835, 
when,  in  consequence  of  the  large  ac- 
cession of  Tory  votes,  Sir  George  Clerk 
recovered  his  seat,  defeating  the  Whig 
candidate  Mr.  Gibson  Craig. 

Sir  John  Dalrymple  succeeded  to  the 
peerage  on  the  death  of  his  kinsman  John- 
William-Henry,  seventh  Earl  of  Stair,  on 
the  20th  March,  1840.  In  April  of  that 
year  he  was  appointed  Keeper  of  the  Great 
Seal  of  Scotland,  which  office  he  held  until 
Sept.  1841,  and  again  from  August  1846 
to  August  1852.  He  was  created  a  Peer 
of  the  United  Kingdom,  with  the  ti'le  of 
Baron  Oxenfoord,  by  patent  dated  August 


^08     Earl  of  Oxford  and  Mortimer, — Earl  of  Tyrconnel.     [March, 


16,  1841 ;  and  was  nominated  a  Knight  of 
the  Thistle  in  1847. 

He  attained  the  rank  of  Lieut.- General 
in  the  army  July  19,  1821  ;  and  that  of 
General  Jan.  28,  1838.  On  the  20th 
July,  1831,  he  was  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  92d  Foot;  and  in  1843  he 
was  transferred  to  the  46th. 

His  Lordship  was  twice  married :  first, 
on  the  23d  June,  1795,  to  Harriet,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Augustus 
Johnson,  of  Kcnilworth,  co.  Warwick, 
and  niece  to  Willian^  sixth  Lord  Craven : 
she  died  Oct.  16,  1823 ;  and  secondly,  on 
the  8th  June,  1825,  to  the  Hon.  Adamina 
Duncan,  fourth  daughter  of  Adam  first 
Viscount  Duncan,  and  sister  to  the  present 
Earl  of  Camperdown.  There  were  no 
children  by  either  marriage. 

The  Earldom  has  now  devolved  on  his 
brother.  North  Dairy mple,  esq.  of  Cleknd 
and  Fordel.  He  married,  first,  in  1817, 
Margaret,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late 
James  Penny,  esq. ;  and  secondly,  in  1831, 
his  cousin  l^artha-Willet,  second  daughter 
of  the  late  Colonel  George  Dairy  mple; 
and  has  issue  by  the  former  marriage  John, 
now  Viscount  Dalrymple,  M.P.  for  Wig- 
tonshire,  and  other  children. 

The  peerage  of  the  United  Kingdom 
conferred  in  1841  has  become  extinct. 

The  Earl  of  Oxford  and  Mortimer. 

Jan.  19.  At  his  seat,  Eywood,  near 
Kington,  Herefordshire,  aged  44,  the  Right 
Hon.  Alfred  Harley,  sixth  Earl  of  Oxford 
and  Mortimer,  and  Baron  Harley  of  Wig- 
more,  CO.  Hereford  (1711). 

With  this  nobleman  has  become  extinct  in 
the  direct  male  line  Ihe  very  ancient  family 
of  Harley,  which  flourished  for  many  cen- 
turies in  the  counties  of  Salop  and  Here- 
ford, and  which,  having  for  two  preceding 
generations  enjoyed  the  knighthood  of  the 
Bath,  with  the  representation  of  the  county 
of  Hereford  in  Parliament,  was  at  length 
raised  to  the  peerage  in  the  person  of  Sir 
Robert  Harley, the  Lord  Treasurer  to  Queen 
Anne.  In  1711  Sir  Robert  was  advanced 
to  the  dignity  of  Earl  of  Oxford,  which  had 
only  nine  years  before  become  extinct  with 
the  last  of  the  long  line  of  Vere ;  and  the 
equally  proud  title  of  Mortimer  was  ap- 
pended to  it,  it  was  said  to  provide  for  the 
contingency  of  any  male  cadet  of  the 
Veres  asserting  his  title  to  the  former  dig- 
nity. The  very  distant  connection  of  the 
family  of  Harley  with  the  name  of  Morti- 
mer was  this.  Sir  Robert  Harley,  who 
died  in  1349,  married  Margaret,  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Brian  de  Brampton,  of 
Brampton  Castle,  co.  Hereford,  which 
subsequently  became  the  residence  of  the 
Harleys.  The  said  Margaret  was  descended 
from    John    de    Brampton    and    Maud, 


daughter  of  William  de  Braose,  the  widow 
of  Roger  Mortimer,  of  Wigmore,  and 
grandmother  of  Roger  Earl  of  March,  the 
favourite  of  Queen  Isabella. 

The  late  Earl  of  Oxford  and  Mortimer 
was  bom  in  New-street,  Spring  Gardens, 
on  the  10th  January,  1809,  and  was  the 
second  son  of  Edward  the  fifth  Earl,  by 
Jane-Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  James 
Scott,  Vicar  of  Itchen  in  Hampshire. 
His  elder  brother  Edward,  Lord  Harley, 
died  unmarried  on  the  1st  Jan.  1828  ;  and 
his  only  younger  brother,  the  Hon.  Morti- 
mer Harley,  died  an  infant  in  1812. 

In  early  life  he  held  a  commission  in 
the  army  :  but  he  never  came  forward  in 
public  life.  He  succeeded  to  the  peerage 
on  the  death  of  his  father,  Dec.  28,  1848. 

He  married,  on  the  17th  Jan.  1831, 
Miss  Eliza  Nugent,  a  natural  daughter  of 
the  Marquess  of  Westmeath,  and  that 
lady  survives  him,  without  issue.  The 
family  estates  are  greatly  reduced,  but 
those  which  remain  devolve  on  his  sister 
Lady  Langdale,  the  widow  of  the  late 
Master  of  the  Rolls.  She  has  an  only 
daughter,  the  Hon.  Jane-Frances  Bicker- 
steth,  who  is  in  her  17  th  year,  and  will 
(with  her  mother)  take  the  name  of  Har- 
ley. 

The  Earl  of  Ttrconnel,  G.C.H. 

Jan,  26.  At  Kiplin,  near  Catterick, 
Yorkshire,  in  his  63d  year,  the  Right  Hon. 
John  Delaval  Carpenter,  fourth  Earl  of 
Tyrconnel  and  Viscount  Carpenter  (1761), 
and  sixth  Baron  Carpenter  of  Killaghy, 
CO.  Kilkenny  (1719),  G.C.H. 

He  was  the  younger  of  the  two  sons  of 
the  Hon.  Charles  Carpenter,  Capt.  R.N., 
by  Elizabeth,  only  daughter  of  Thomas 
Mackenzie,  esq.  His  fother  was  the  se- 
cond son  of  George  the  first  Earl.  He 
was  born  at  Plymouth  Dock  on  the  1 6th 
Dec.  1790. 

He  succeeded  to  the  peerage  on  the  20th 
Dec.  1812,  on  the  death  of  his  elder 
brother  George,  who  was  unmarried,  and 
who,  being  then  a  Captam  in  the  Russian 
army,  died  at  Wilna  in  Lithuania,  from 
fatigue  encountered  in  the  pursuit  of  the 
French. 

He  was  nominated  a  Grand  Cross  of  the 
Hanoverian  Guelphic  otdet  in  1830. 

His  Lordship  was  an  amiable  man,  and 
has  been  characterized  in  a  Yorkshire 
paper  as  "  a  zealous  and  high-minded  ma- 
gistrate, a  firm  and  consistent  supporter 
of  Conservative  principles,  warmly  devoted 
to  agricultural  science,  and  possessed  of 
many  qualifications  which  will  render  hit 
demise  a  great  public  loss." 

He  married  Oct.  1,  1817,  Sarah,  only 
child  of  Robert  Crowe,  esq. of  Kiplin,  but 
had  issue  only  a  daughter  who  died  shortly 


1853,]        Earl  Beauchamp, —  Vifcouni  Melhourne,  G.C.S. 


SOl^ 


after  her  birth.  The  Counteas  surviTCB 
him. 

Hia  body  was  conTcyed  for  mterment 
to  a  fimily  yfkult  at  Owselbury  In  York- 
shire. 

The  Earl  was  the  last  member  of  his 
family,  which  waa  first  raised  to  distiDction 
at  the  beginning  of  the  hist  century  by 
General  George  Carpenter^  some  time 
Governor  of  Minorca*  and  afterwards 
Commander  in  Chief  in  Scotland,  who  was 
created  an  Irish  peer  in  1719,  and  after- 
words elected  to  Parliament  for  West- 
Eoinster.  The  first  Earl  wa^  his  grandson. 
The  family  had  for  many  previous  genera- 
tiona  been  seated  in  He reforil shire,  and 
were  descended  from  John  Carpenter,  town 
clerk  of  London,  and  M.P»  for  the  city  in 
1436. 


Earl  Beauchamp. 

Jan.  22.  At  his  residence  m  Portman- 
siinare.  in  hia  7  1st  year,  the  Right  Hon. 
John  Reginald  Pyndar,  third  Earl  Beau- 
champ  and  Viscount  Elmley  (1815),  and 
Baron  Beauekamp  of  Powyke,  co.  Wor- 
cester (1806), 

He  was  the  second  son  of  William  fir^t 
Earl  Beauchampi  by  Catherine »  only 
daughter  of  Jamefl  Denn^  e&q. 

He  was  a  member  of  Cfanst  Church, 
Oxford  I  and  graduated  B.A.  1806*  M.A. 
1808. 

By  liceace  under  the  royal  ^gn  manual 
dated  Oct.  22,  !  8 13,  he  assumed  the  name 
and  armi  of  Pyndar.  This  had  been  the 
former  name  of  his  family,  hia  graodfather 
Reginald  Pyndar,  esq.  ba^mg  taken  the 
name  of  Lygon,  which  was  that  of  hifl 
mother. 

On  the  death  of  hia  elder  brother  Wil- 
liam-Beauchamp  the  second  Earl,  unmar- 
ried, on  the  I2th  May,  1823,  he  succeeded 
to  the  peerage. 

Tn  politics  he  uniformly  supported  the 
ConaerTAti^e  or  Tory  party,  hut  he  took 
little  or  no  active  part  in  the  busiJicss  of 
the  Upper  Uonse  besides  ri'cording  bis 
vote  on  occasions  of  ioiportance.  He 
voted  with  the  minority  against  the  repeal 
of  the  corn  laws  in  lB4li,  anil  contioned 
steadfastly  adherent  to  the  Protectionist 
policy  so  long  us  it  e&i»ted.  The  general 
voice  of  his  tenantry  proclaimed  his  lord* 
ship  a  kind,  considerate,  and  liberal  land- 
lord; he  was  coitrteouB  and  exemplary  Irt 
the  discbarge  of  the  social  and  friendly 
relations  of  life;  benevolent  by  disposi- 
tion^ and  charitable  in  practice. 

He  has  left  property  to  the  amount  of 
upwardi  of  700,000/,  His  executors  are 
the  Hon.  Colonel  Ncott  (brother  to  the 
Earl  of  Clonmcll),  the  Rev.  Tliomaa  Phil- 
pott,  nnd  Mrs*  Kitching  (the  early  friend 
and  pr^tiffi^  of  hia  first  Countets).     The 


Earl  has  made  Colonel  Scott  hetr  to  all 
the  landed  estates  not  entailed  with  the 
title.  <^0«000/.  is  left  to  the  present 
CountegSf  in  addition  to  her  jointure  of 
2,000/.  per  annum;  20,000/.  to  Mrs. 
Kitching,  2,000/.  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  PhiK 
pott,  and  2,000/,  and  100/,  per  annum  to 
Miss  Thomas*  companion  to  the  late 
Countess.  Annuities  are  likewise  provided 
to  several  old  and  faithful  domestics. 
(lOjOOO/.  is  to  be  expended  in  building  and 
endowing  alms-hoti.^es  at  MaJresfield  for 
decayed  aad  deittitute  agricultural  labour- 
rrs.  The  personal  property  is  estimated 
at  about  400,000/.,  of  which  sum  at  least 
one^hiilf  will  fall  to  the  residuary  legatees. 
Colonel  Scott  and  Mrs.  Kitching,  besides 
the  autus  invested  for  the  aeveral  annuities, 
and  the  Countess's  jointure,  when  those 
investments  shall  lapse  to  the  estate,  The 
entailed  property  goes,  of  course ^  with  the 
title  to  his  lordship's  brother. 

His  lordship  was  twice  married:  first, 
on  tlie  14th  March,  18 14, to  Lady  Charlotte 
Scott,  only  daughter  of  John  first  Earl  of 
Clonmell,  who  died  on  the  26th  April,  1 846, 
without  isjiuej  and  secondly,  on  the  llth 
Feb,  18.50,  to  the  Hon.  Catherine  Murray, 
widow  of  Homy  Murray,  esq.  (brother  to 
the  Bishop  of  Rochester,)  third  daughter 
of  the  Baroneds  Br  aye  by  the  late  Henry 
Otway,  esq.  This  lady  survives  him, 
without  issue. 

The  peerage  devolves  on  his  ne:it  bro- 
ther, Lieut.- General  the  Hon,  Henry 
Beauchamp  Lygon,  Colonel  of  the  10th 
Hussars,  and  M.P.  for  West  Worcester- 
shire. His  lordship  married  in  1824  Lady 
Susflu  -  Caroline  -  Eliot,  second  daughter 
of  William  second  Earl  of  St.  Germains, 
and  by  that  lady,  who  died  in  185&,  he 
bad  a  numerous  family,  of  whom  the  only 
survivors  are  Henry  now  Viscount  Elmley, 
one  other  son,  and  one  daughter. 

The  body  of  the  deceased  Earl  was  in- 
terred at  the  parish  church,  St  Maryle- 
bone. 


Viscount  Mklbourne,  G.C.B. 

Jan.  29*  At  Brockett  Hall,  Hertford- 
shire,  iti  his  7 1st  ye^ir,  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
Frederick  James  Lamb,  third  Viscount 
Melbourne  (17^1)  and  Baron  Melbourne 
of  Kilmore,  CO.  Cavan  (1770), — peerages 
of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland  j  aecond  Baron 
Melbourne  of  Melbourne,  co.  Derby 
(1815),  and  Baron  Besuvate  of  Beauvale, 
CO.  Nottingham  (1839), — peerages  of  the 
United  Kingdom ;  the  fourth  Baronet,  of 
Brockett  Hall,  Herts.  (1755)j  a  Privy 
Councillor,  and  G.C.B. 

HiF  lordfthip  was  born  in  London  on 
the  17th  April,  17»:'2,  llie  third  son  of 
Peniston  the  first  Viscount,  by  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Sir  Ralph  Milbanke,  Bart. 


hS^SIBh 


310 


Obituary. — Right  Hon.  David  Boyle. 


[March, 


He  entered  the  diplomatic  service  in 
early  life,  and  in  1811  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  Legation  at  Palermo.  In 
1813  he  was  removed  to  the  same  rank  at 
the  British  Embassy  at  Vienna,  where  on 
the  6th  August  in  that  year  he  became 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  ad  interim,  until 
the  arrival  of  Lord  Stewart  (now  Marquess 
of  Londonderry).  On  the  I'Jth  Sept.  1815 
he  was  accredited  Envoy  to  Munich,  which 
post  he  held  untU  1820.  In  1822  he  was 
appointed  a  Privy  Councillor,  and  in  1827 
nominated  a  Civil  Grand  Cross  of  the 
Order  of  the  Bath,  in  consideration  of  his 
diplomatic  services.  On  the  18th  Feb. 
1825,  he  was  appointed  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Spain, 
where  he  remained  to  the  close  of  1829. 
On  the  13th  May,  1831,  he  was  sent  Am- 
bassador to  Vienna,  and  he  filled  that  post 
until  Nov.  1841.  He  enjoyed  a  retiring 
pension  of  1700/.  In  1839  he  was  created 
a  peer  by  the  title  of  Baron  Beauvale,  and 
on  the  24th  Nov.  1848,  on  the  death  of 
his  brother  William,  Viscouut  Melbourne, 
(sometime  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury,) 
he  succeeded  to  the  superior  family  title. 

Lord  Beauvale  married,  at  Vienna,  on 
the  25th  Feb.  1841,  the  Countess  Alexan- 
drina  Julia  Theresa  Wilhelmina  Sophia, 
daughter  of  the  late  Joachim  Charles 
Louis  Mortimer,  Count  of  Maltzahn,  his 
Prussian  Majesty's  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  the  Court 
of  Vienna.  By  this  lady,  who  was  bom 
in  1818,  and  who  survives  him,  he  had 
no  issue. 

Lord  Melbourne  died  unexpectedly, 
after  a  short  illness,  originating  with  gout. 
His  peerages  have  become  extinct,  his 
only  younger  brother,  the  Hon.  George 
Lamb,  sometime  M.P.  for  Westminster, 
having  died  without  issue  in  1834.  His 
estates  have  devolved  on  his  only  sister 
the  Viscountess  Palmerston,  who  is  also 
childless. 

Sir  Matthew  Lamb,  the  first  Baronet, 
married  Charlotte,  daughter  of  the  Right 
Hon.  Thomas  Coke,  of  Melbourne,  co. 
Derby,  Teller  of  the  Exchequer  and  Vice- 
Chamberlain  to  Queen  Anne,  and  sister 
and  heir  to  George  Lewis  Coke,  esq.  the 
last  of  that  family.  Their  son  was  the 
first  Lord  Melbourne,  the  father  of  the 
deceased. 


Right  Hon.  David  Boyle. 

Feb.  4.  At  Shewalton,  co.  Ayr,  in  his 
81st  year,  the  Right  Hon.  David  Boyle, 
late  Lord  Justice  General  and  President 
of  the  Court  of  Session  of  Scotland. 

He  was  bom  at  Irvine  on  the  26th  July, 
1772,  the  son  of  the  Hon.  Patrick  Boyle, 
of  Shewalton,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Alexander  Dunlop,  Professor  of  Greek  in 


the  University  of  Glasgow.  His  fathor 
was  the  third  son  of  the  second  Earl  of 
Glasgow. 

Mr.  David  Boyle  was  admitted  a  member 
of  the  faculty  of  Advocates  in  1793.  He  wrm 
appointed  his  Majesty's  Solicitor-General 
for  Scotland  on  the  9th  May,  1807.  At 
the  general  election  which  occurred  in  the 
following  month  he  was  returned  to  par- 
liament for  his  native  county  of  Ayr.  On 
the  23d  Feb.  1811  he  was  elevated  to  the 
bench  as  a  Lord  of  Session  and  Justiciary,  * 
and  in  the  same  year  he  was  promoted  to 
the  office  of  Lord  Justice  Clerk.  In  1841 
he  was  appointed  to  the  highest  judicial 
office  in  the  kingdom,  that  of  Lord  Justice 
General  of  ScoUand,  and  Lord  President 
of  the  Court  of  Session.  He  resigned  in 
May  1852,  after  having  been  a  judge  for 
the  long  period  of  41  years.  He  was  ap- 
pointed a  Privy  Councillor  in  1821. 

He  was  offered  a  baronetcy  by  the  Derby 
Administration,  at  the  same  time  when 
the  honour  was  conferred  on  Sheriff  Alison, 
the  historian  of  Europe,  but  he  saw  cause 
to  decline  the  honour. 

Mr.  Boyle  was  the  intimate  friend  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott,  and  was,  indeed,  known 
to  and  beloved  by  all  the  eminent  Scotish 
gentlemen  of  his  time.  It  is  impossible 
to  over-estimate  his  abilities  as  a  judge,  or 
his  amiable  qualities  as  a  private  gentle- 
man. He  was  always  distinguished  for 
his  noble  personal  appearance,  which  cor- 
responded well  with  the  dignity  of  his 
judicial  demeanour.  Sir  Walter  Scott  has 
recorded  that,  at  the  coronation  of  George 
the  Fourth,  he  **  showed  to  as  great  ad- 
vantage in  his  robes  of  Privy  Councillor  as 
any  by  whom  that  splendid  dress  was  worn 
on  that  great  occasion.''  No  man  ever 
sat  upon  the  Scotish  Bench  with  a  more 
unvarying,  a  more  determined  purpose 
of  administering  impartial  justice  to  all 
classes  of  the  community.  He  has  died 
full  of  years  and  honours;  and  his  memory 
will  long  be  cherished  by  the  country  upon 
which  he  has  conferred  such  valuable 
advantages. 

The  Lord  Justice  was  twice  married : 
first,  on  the  24th  Dec.  1804,  to  Elizabeth, 
eldest  daughter  of  Alexander  Montgomerie, 
esq.  of  Annick,  brother  to  Hugh  Earl  of 
Eglinton  :  she  died  on  the  14th  April, 
1822.  He  married  secondly,  on  the  17th 
July,  1827,  Camilla .  Catharine,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  David  Smythe,  esq. 
of  Methven,  co.  Perth,  a  Lord  of  Session 
and  Justiciary.     This  lady  survives  him. 

By  the  former  marriage  be  had  issue 
five  sons  and  four  daughters  :  1.  Patrick, 
Captain  in  the  Ayrshire  Yeomanry  Cavalry, 
who  married  in  1830  Mary- Frances,  se- 
cond daughter  of  Sir  Robert  Dalrymple 
Horn.Elphinstone»  Bart,  and  has  a  nume- 


1853.]         Right  Hon.  Dr.  JVicholl—Sir  C.  W.  Watson. 

rous   family ;    2.    Elizabeth,    married   in 

1828  to  James  Hope,  esq.  a  younger  son 
of  the  late  Right  Hon.  Charles  Hope, 
President  of  the  Court  of  Session,  and 
brother  to  the  Right  Hon.  John  Hope, 
now  President  of  the  same  Court,  and  has 
a  numerous  family ;  3.  Helen,  married  in 

1829  to  Sir  Charles  Dalrymple  Fergusson, 
Bart,  and  was  left  his  widow  in  1849  ; 
4.  Alexander,  Commander  R  N.  who  mar- 
ried in  1844  Agnes,  third  daughter  of 
James  Walker,  esq.  and  has  issue ;  5.  Ha- 
milla- Augusta  ;  6.  Eleonora  -  Charlotte  ; 
7.  John  Boyle,  esq.  one  of  the  Trustees 
of  the  Marquess  of  Bute  at  Cardiff;  8. 
William,  Captain  89th  Foot;  and  9.  Archi- 
bald-Thomas. 

By  his  second  marriage,  the  Lord  Jus- 
tice had  further  issue  three  sons  and  one 
daughter:  10. George- David ;  11.  Robert, 
Lieut.  R.N. ;  12.  Henry- Dundas  ;  and 
13.  Amelia-Laura. 

A  portrait  of  Mr.  Boyle,  from  a  recent 
excellent  bust,  was  published  in  the  Il- 
lustrated London  News  shortly  before  his 
death. 


311 


The  Right  Hon.  JohnNicuoll,  D.C.L. 

Jan.  27.  At  his  residence  in  the  Via 
Sistini,  Rome,  aged  55,  the  Right  Hon. 
John  Nicholl,  D.C.L.  of  Merthyrmawr, 
CO.  Glamorgan,  a  magistrate  and  Deputy 
Lieutenant  of  that  county,  and  formerly 
Judge  Advocate-general. 

This  gentleman  was  the  only  son  of  the 
late  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  Nicholl,  some 
time  Dean  of  the  Arches,  and  Judge  of  the 
High  Court  of  Admiralty,  byJudy,youngest 
daughter  of  Peter  Birt,  esq.  of  Wenvoe 
Castle,  CO.  Glamorgan. 

He  was  bom  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields, 
on  the  21st  August,  1797  *•  was  educated 
at  Westminster  school  and  at  Christ 
church,  Oxford,  where  he  attained  a  first 
class  in  classics  1818,  and  graduated  B.C.L. 
1813,  D.C.L.  1825.  He  was  called  to  the 
bar'by  the  Hon.  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn, 
July  1,  1824. 

He  sat  in  parliament  for  the  borough  of 
Cardiflf  for  twenty  years,  having  been  first 
returned  at  the  general  election  of  1832 
after  a  contest  with  Lord  James  Stuart,  in 
which  he  polled  342  votes,  and  his  com- 
petitor lyi.  He  was  rechosen  without 
opposition  on  six  subsequent  occasions, 
but  at  length  excluded  at  the  general  elec- 
tion of  1852,  when  he  polled  464  votes, 
and  Walter  CoflBn,  esq.  the  present  Li- 
beral member,  had  a  majority  of  twenty-six. 

During  the  short  ministry  of  Sir  Ro- 
bert Peel  in  March  and  April,  1835,  Mr. 
Nicholl  was  one  of  the  junior  Lords  of  the 
Treasury.  In  1838,  on  the  death  of  his 
father,  he  was  appointed  to  succeed  him  as 
Vicar- General  of  the  province  of  Canter- 


bury :  this  office  he  held  until  1844.  In 
Sept.  1841  he  was  appointed  Judge  Advo- 
cate-general, and  thereupon  was  sworn  of 
the  Privy  Council.  In  that  office  he  con- 
tinued until  Jan.  1 846*.  He  was  also  for 
some  years  chairman  of  quarter  sessions  in 
Glamorganshire. 

In  every  relation  of  life,  public  and 
private,  the  character  of  Mr.  Nicholl  was 
exemplary.  He  was  au  ornament  of  the 
senate ;  an  honour  to  the  bar ;  an  active 
and  able  magistrate ;  a  kind  and  liberal 
landlord  ;  and,  above  all,  that  highest  style 
of  man,  a  Christian  gentleman.  A  corre- 
spondent of  the  Cardiff  Guardian  writing 
from  Bridgend,  remarks  that  the  intelligence 
of  his  death  was  universally  received  in 
that  town  with  feelings  of  the  deepest  and 
most  unaffected  sorrow.  ^*  In  him  the 
inhabitants  have  lost  their  best  friend — 
one  to  whom  they  were,  in  all  times  of 
difficulty,  in  the  habit  of  resorting  with 
confidence  for  friendly  counsel,  advice,  and 
assistance.  The  charitable  institutions  in 
the  neighbourhood  have  lost  their  most 
munificent  patron, — his  numerous  tenantry 
a  most  considerate  and  liberal  landlord, — 
his  servants,  labourers,  and  dependents  a 
most  humane  and  kindhearted  master,  and 
the  poor  their  best  and  most  generous 
friend  and  benefactor.  He  was  easy  of 
access  upon  all  occasions  to  the  poor  as 
well  as  the  rich, — was  always  foremost 
and  the  most  liberal  in  the  support  of  every 
good  and  charitable  work — ever  ready  to 
render  to  all  who  sought  it  the  benefit  of 
his  valuable  advice,  and  with  his  friendly 
services  to  calm  down  the  waters  of  strife 
where  differences  unhappily  existed." 

He  married  Dec.  14,  1821,  Jane  Har- 
riet, second  daughter  of  the  late  lliomas 
Mansel  Talbot,  esq.  of  Margam  Park,  co. 
Glamorgan,  and  granddaughter  of  the 
second  £arl  of  Ilchester ;  and  by  that  lady 
he  has  left  issue,  John  Cole  Nicholl,  esq. 
bom  in  1823,  five  other  sons,  and  four 
daughters. 

His  body  was  interred  on  the  29th  Jan. 
in  the  English  Protestant  burial-ground  at 
Rome. 


Sir  Charles  Wager  Watson,  Bart. 
Dec.  30.  At  Stradishall,  Suffolk,  (whilst 
hunting  with  the  Suffolk  foxhounds,)  aged 
52,  Sir  Charles  Wager  Watson,  the  second 
Baronet  (1760),  of  West  Wratting  Park, 
Cambridgeshire. 

He  was  grandson  of  Rear-Admiral 
Charles  Watson,  who,  after  distinguishing 
himself  in  two  engagements,  died  in  com- 
mand of  the  naval  forces  in  the  East  Indies 
in  1757  ;  and  whose  son,  in  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  father's  services,  was  created 
a  Baronet  in  1760,  being  then  a  boy  of 
nine  years  of  age. 


312       Li.-Col  Sir  H.  Darell,  Bi.—6'ir  A.  H.  Dillon,  Bl.     [March, 

Payne  Gallwey,  on  the  Agliastra  moun* 
tains,  and  he  died  after  six  days*  illness. 

As  he  was  unmarried,  the  title  has  de- 
volved on  his  brother,  the  Rev.  William 
Lionel  Darell,  Rector  of  Frethorne,  Glou- 
cestershire, who  married  in  1843  the  only 
daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Tierney,  Bart. 


Sir  Charles  was  the  only  son  of  Sir 
Charles  the  first  Baronet  by  Juliana,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  Joseph  Copley,  Bart,  and  was 
born  at  West  Wratting  Park,  June  4, 1800. 
He  succeeded  to  the  title  on  the  death 
of  his  father,  August  26,  1844,  and  sub- 
sequently served  the  office  of  sheriff  of 
Cambridgeshire. 

On  the  day  of  his  death,  Sir  Charles 
Watson  had  joined  the  Suffolk  foxhounds, 
accompanied  by  his  son,  and  was  riding 
at  a  brisk  rate,  when  he  was  seen  sud- 
denly to  reel  and  fall  from  his  horse.  It 
is  supposed  that  he  was  seized  with  a  fit, 
and  the  coroner's  jury  returned  a  verdict 
of  **  Natural  Death.'*  His  body  was 
brought  home  to  West  Wratting  for  in- 
terment. 

Sir  Charles  Watson  married  in  1827 
Jemima-Charlotte,  daughter  of  Charles 
Garth  Colleton,  esq.  of  Haines  Hill,  Berk- 
shire, and  by  that  lady,  who  survives  him, 
he  has  left  issue.  Lady  Watson,  with 
four  of  her  children,  was  in  Madeira  at 
the  time  of  her  husband's  death. 

The  present  Baronet,  the  third  Sir 
Charles,  was  born  in  1828,  and  is  un- 
married. 


LiKUT.-CoL.SiR  Harry  Darell,  Bart. 

Jan.  G.  At  Cagliari,  in  Sardinia,  in  his 
39th  year,  Sir  Harry  Francis  Colville 
Darell,  the  third  Baronet  (1 795),  a  Lieut.- 
Colonel  in  the  army. 

He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Harry 
Verelst  Darell,  the  second  Baronet,  a 
senior  merchant  in  the  Bengal  establish- 
ment, by  Amelia-Mary- Jane,  only  daughter 
of  William  Beecher,  esq.;  and  was  born  at 
Lucknow,  in  India,  in  1814.  He  entered 
the  army  as  Ensign  in  the  18th  Foot,  on 
the  1st  June,  1832,  became  Lieutenant 
June  12,  18.35,  and  Captain  in  the  same 
regiment  July  14,  1841  ;  was  appointed 
Major  in  the  7th  Dragoon  guards  Sept.  3, 
1847,  and  a  Lieut.-Colonel  by  brevet, 
Sept.  15,  1848. 

He  served  in  the  18th  Royal  Irish  in 
the  China  expedition,  as  Aide-de-camp  to 
Brig.-Generai  Burrell,  and  was  present  at 
the  first  taking  of  Chusan,  for  which  he 
received  a  medal.  He  served  with  the 
7th  Dragoon  Guards  against  the  insurgent 
boers  in  South  Africa  in  1845,  and  during 
the  whole  of  the  Kaffir  war  of  1846-7,  and 
commanded  the  squadron  of  his  regiment 
at  the  Gwanga,  on  the  8th  June  1846, 
when  lie  received  two  severe  wounds  in  the 
charge  and  attack,  and  his  charger  was 
wounded  in  five  places. 

lie  succeeded  to  the  baronetcy  on  the 
death  of  his  father,  April  13,  1848. 

On  the  31st  of  December  last  he  was 
seized  with  fever,  after  having  been  en- 
gaged in  shooting  in  company  with  Capt. 
]] 


Sir  Arthur  H.  Dillon,  Bart. 

Dec.  30.  At  Belfast,  aged  24,  Sir 
Arthur  Henry  Dillon  (the  fifth  Bart.(1801) 
of  Lismullen,  co.  Meath,  and  a  Baron  of 
the  Holy  Roman  Empire  (1782). 

He  was  born  at  Kilcairne  in  1828,  and 
was  the  only  son  of  Sir  William  the 
fourth  Baronet,  by  Ellen,  daughter  of 
Richard  Webb,  esq.  of  Hiltoun,  co.  Long- 
ford. He  succeeded  his  father  on  the 
31st  March,  1851. 

He  entered  the  army  as  Ensign  in  the 
74th  Highlanders,  Oct.  19,  1849.  He  had 
lately  exchanged  into  the  46th  Regiment, 
now  in  garrison  at  Belfast ;  and  was  re- 
garded by  his  brother  officers  of  the  latter 
corps  as  one  of  the  most  promising  officers 
in  the  service,  being  one  who  evidently 
felt  the  deepest  interest  in  his  profession, 
combining  talents  of  a  high  order  with  the 
greatest  amiability  of  disposition.  His 
death  was  caused  by  typhus  fever  follow- 
ing on  dysentery.  He  was  removed  from 
the  barracks  to  Great  George* s-street 
when  the  attack  became  serious,  and  he 
had  the  consolation  of  his  mother^s  and 
twister's  attendance  during  the  latter  part 
of  his  illness.  His  remains  were  removed 
for  interment  in  the  family  buryiug-place 
in  the  county  of  Westmeath. 

Having  died  unmarried,  he  is  succeeded 
by  his  cousin,  now  Sir  John  Dillon,  for- 
merly an  officer  in  the  3d  Dragoon  Guards, 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Ralph  Dillon,  Rector 
of*  Ballymacall,  co.  Galway. 


Likut.-Gen.  Sir  L.P.  Jone8Parry,K.  H. 

Jan.  23.  At  his  seat,  Madryn  Park, 
Carnarvonshire,  aged  71  >  Lieut-General 
Sir  Love  Parry  Jones  Parry,  K.H.  a  Ma- 
gistrate and  Deputy  Lieutenant  for  the 
counties  of  Carnarvon  and  Anglesey,  and 
for  many  years  Chairman  of  the  Quarter 
Sessions  of  the  former  county. 

He  was  born  28th  Nov.  1781,  and  was 
the  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Parry  Jones, 
esq.  of  Llwynona,  co.  Denbigh,  who  as- 
sumed the  additional  surname  of  Parry  in 
consequence  of  his  marriage  with  Mar- 
garet, daughter  and  coheir  of  Love  Parry, 
esq.  of  Peniarth  and  Madryn,  M.P.,  by 
Sidney  his  wife,  daughter  (and  coheir  with 
her  sister  Mary,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Edward 
Hughes,  of  Kinmel  Park,  co.  Denbigh, 
and  by  him  mother  of  Lord  Dinorben,)  of 
Robert  Lewis,  esq.  of  Llysdulas,  co.  An- 
glesey. 


1853.]      LL'Gen,  Sir  L.  P,  J.  Parri/,—IJ.'Gtm,  Burvell 


313 


He  IV83  educated  at  Westminster  School^ 
and  oblained  a  Westmin&ter  Scbolarshiit 
at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge ;  but,  pre- 
ferring the  University  of  Oxford,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  the  latter,  and  entered  at  Chriit 
Church,  and  graduated  there  B,A.  18U3, 
and  M.A.  IHll,  Hf  entered  the  army  in 
Aprii  1794,  became  Lieuttuant  loth  Oct. 
179*,  Cuptain  30th  Oct.  iamcyear,  Major 
28th  Aug.  1804,  Lieut.-Colood  4th  June, 
1811,  Colonel  27th  May,  18i*5,  Major- 
General  UHh  Jan.  1837, and  Lieut-General 
J>th  No?.  1S46. 

The  regiments  in  which  he  served  were 
the  But,  the  90th,  the  2nd,  and  the  103 rd 
Foot.  During  the  last  war  he  commanded 
a  frontier  division  in  Upper  Cnnada,  and 
his  gallant  conduct  frequently  received 
honourable  notice  in  the  public  orders, 
and  obtnined  for  him  the  distinction  of  a 
Knight  of  the  Royal  Hanoverian  Guelphic 
Order.  He  received  the  honour  of  Knight- 
hood in  18:!5. 

Sir  Love  Parry  had  a  seat  in  the  House 
of  Cammona  for  seveml  years.  He  was 
first  returned  for  Horsham  in  1306,  being 
then  a  Major  in  the  90lh  Foot,  in  con- 
junction with  Colonel  Wilder^,  defeating 
the  present  Lord  Palmerston  and  the  btu 
Lord  Muleoesbury,  then  Lord  FitjsHnrris 
{by  44  votca  to  29).  At  the  general  elec- 
tion in  180?  he  was  again  returned  for 
Horsham  in  conjunettou  with  Sir  Samuel 
Rom  illy,  lu  1835  he  was  returned  for 
Caroanron,  after  a  contest  in  which  he 
polled  378  votes,  and  Major  Nanney  350. 
He  continued  to  sit  for  Carnarvon  until 
the  general  election  in  1838,  when  he  did 
not  offer  himself  again.  In  1311  he  was 
solicited  to  stand  for  Shrewsbury,  and  he 
consented  to  do  so,  but  he  was  unsuccess- 
ful. The  poll  on  that  occasion  was  as 
-        follows : — 

I  G.Toroline,  esq.  .        .     793 

■  B.  Disraeli,  esq.  .         .     785 

■  Sir  Love  Parry  .     605 
^^^  C.  Temple,  esq.  .578 

^^^Hn  polittrs  Sir  Lore  Parry  was  a  Whig, 
^^^ttd  during  the  earlier  part  of  his  life  he 

■  took  s  very  active  part  in  political  matters. 
W      His  fir^t  speech  in  Parliament  was  on  the 

Mutiny  Bill  in  1807,  in  favour  of  ^Ir, 
Wyndhani^s  new  scheme  for  reciuiling  the 
army. 

Sir  Love  Parry  served  the  office  of  High 
Sheriff  of  Anglesey  in  184U.  During  the 
last  few  years  he  hpd  retired  almoat  en- 
tirely from  public  life,  and  resided  at  the 
family  seat,  Madryn  Park,  fulfilling  the 
duties  of  a  country  geutlLMuan — an  ever 
ready  friend  and  benefactor  to  the  poor  iu 
his  neighbourhood,  and  esteemed  and  be- 
loved by  all  arounii.  The  lelebration  of 
his  son's  coming  of  age  took  place  only  a 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


few  days  before  bis  death,  whf^n  a  publit! 
dinner  was  givtn  iu  honourof  tlieocciisioa 
at  Pwllheli,  under  the  presidency  and  vice- 
presidency  of  the  lx>rd  Lieutenant  and 
High  Sheriff  of  the  couoly. 

He  married  first,  iu  1806,  Sophiu,  only 
duu.  of  Robert  Stevenson,  cst|.  of  Biuficld, 
Berks,  by  whom  he  had  one  son.  Love, 
who  died  in  1821,  and  three  dnughtcrs 
I,  EUza-Mana»  married  loth  Dec.  1830, 
to  T.  T.  Knyftoii.  esq.  of  Uphill  Lodge, 
CO.  Somerset,  and  died  29th  Sept.  183aj 
S.  EUen-Georgiua,  ntimarried  ;  and  3, 
Mary-Gertrude,  marritd  to  the  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Crawley,  M.A.  Archdeacon  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  Rector  of  Bryngwyn  in  that 
county.  Sir  Love  Parry  married,  secondly, 
in  1826,  Elizabeth,  only  daughter  of  Tho- 
mas Caidecotf  oq.  of  Holton  Lodge,  co. 
Lincoln,  and  niece  to  the  late  Lord  Fever- 
bUnm ;  by  whom  he  has  left  surviving  issue 
Thomas-Love-Duncombe,  born  6th  Jun. 
183';^,  and  Sarah' Elizabeth- Ma rgn ret,  un- 
married. The  mortal  remains  of  the  de- 
ceased gentleman  were  inteired  in  the 
fajnily  vrtult  at  Llanbedrog  Church,  on 
the  L-it  February. 


LjruT.-GENiiaAL  lJnRRKi.L,  C.R. 

Jan»  4.  At  Alnwick,  aged  76,  Lieut  - 
General  George  Burrell,  C.B.,  Colonel  of 
the  39th  Foot. 

This  distinguished  officer  was  the  accoud 
son  of  JolinBurreIl,esq.  of  Littlehoughton, 
Northumberland,  and  Barbara  Peareth,  of 
Newcastle,  his  wife.  He  was  boni  at 
Longhoughton  in  thiit  county  on  the  '-tith 
day  of  February,  IJJ/i  and  entered  the 
army  as  En^^ign  in  the  15th  Regiment  la 
1797;  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant  the 
same  year,  and  to  a  company  in  1805. 
When  on  passAgc  to  the  West  Indies  iu 
that  year^  the  transport  in  which  he  was 
embarked  wus  attacked  by  a  large  French 
schooner  privateer,  which  was  beat  off 
with  great  loss.  He  became  Major  in  the 
90th  Light  Infantry  in  1807  ;  was  at  the 
capture  of  Guadaloupe  in  1810,  and  served 
dumig  tlie  war  iu  Canada  in  1814  and 
1815,  having  commanded  the  important 
post  of  Fort-Major  during  the  v. inter  of 
that  year.  He  proceeded  to  the  continent 
of  Europe  in  18154  but  arrived  too  late  for 
the  battle  of  Waterloo.  Having  marched 
to  Paris,  he  remained  there  until  the  array 
of  occupation  was  formed  in  December, 
and  returned  to  Etiglnnd  in  July  1816. 

In  1820  he  went  to  the  Mediterranean, 
where  he  held  the  civil  and  military  com- 
mand of  Paxo,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islandsi 
for  upwards  of  live  years,  and  received  a 
highly  complimentary  tokeu  from  the  Re- 
gent, and  civil  authorities  of  that  island. 
Having  attained  the  rank  of  Colonel  in 
1830,  he  returned  to  F^nglund  in  1832  with 
2S 


314 


Obituary. — Nathaniel  Alexander',  JEsq. 


[March, 


the  18tb  Royal  Irish,  and  in  1836  was 
ordered  to  Ceylon,  where  he  remained  till 

1840,  having  been  Commandant  at  Co- 
lombo and  at  Trincomalee  during  his  ser- 
vice in  the  island,  and  received  the  local 
rank  of  Major-General  in  1837.  In  May 
that  year  he  proceeded  to  China,  and 
commanded  the  troops  at  the  first  capture 
of  Chusan.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
government  of  that  island,  which,  with  the 
command  of  the  troops,  he  held  until  Feb. 

1841,  when  the  island  was  restored  by  the 
commissioner  of  the  Government  (Captain 
Elliot),  in  consequence  of  a  treaty  with 
the  Chinese  authorities.  This  not  being 
ratified,  hostilities  were  renewed,  and  the 
Major-General  commanded  a  brigade  at 
the  attack  on  the  heights  above  Canton, 
which  brigade  carried  and  destroyed  the 
Tartar  camp  under  the  walls  of  the  city. 
General  Burrell  continued  to  command  a 
brigade  in  China,  until  peace  was  made  in 
July  1842.  He  received  the  thanks  of 
both  Houses  of  Parliament  for  his  services 
in  China;  and,  in  1844,  her  Majesty  was 
graciously  pleased  to  include  him  in  the 
list  of  officers  receiving  rewards  for  distin- 
guished services.  He  was  never  on  half- 
pay  as  a  regimental  officer,  and  served 
upwards  of  twenty-five  years  in  the  West 
Indies,  in  Canada,  the  Mediterranean,  and 
the  continent  of  Europe.  In  1851  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieut.. General, 
and  in  Feb.  1852  was  appointed  Colonel 
of  the  39th  Regiment. 

Lieut. -General  Burrell  was  married  first 
to  Miss  Scott,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Scott, 
Knt.  of  Ireland ;  2nd.  to  Marianne  The- 
resa, daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  of 
Claydagh,  co.  Carlow,  and  sister  to  Major- 
Gen.  Henry  Thomas,  C.B.  now  com- 
manding the  Belfast  District.  General 
Burrell,  by  his  second  wife,  had  two  song 
and  two  daughters.  H  is  eldest  son,  Henry 
Duncan,  was  Lieutenant  in  his  father's 
Regt.  the  18th  Royal  Irish  ;  and  his  second 
son,  Graham,  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Royal 
Artillery.  The  eldest  son,  after  serving 
nine  years  in  China,  returned  to  England 
and  died  at  Alnwick,  Dec.  31,  1848,  aged 
28.  The  second  died  at  sea,  on  his  second 
voyage  to  Ceylon,  on  the  18th  of  March, 
1817,  aged  '25.  His  eldest  daughter, 
C^eorgina,  was  married  Dec.  19,  1838,  to 
Miijor  Thomas  Skinner,  of  the  Ceylon 
Rirto  Uogimont,  and  now  Superintendant 
of  (Joverumont  works  in  the  Island  of 
Ceylon  ;  and  the  second  daughter,  Harriet- 
Barbara,  to  tlio  Ucv.  Thomas  Gray,  M.A. 
Minister  of  the  parinh  of  Kirkurd,  Peebles- 
shire, on  the  V»i  Nov.  1849. 

Miss  ThonmM,  tho  wife  of  General  Bur- 
rell, was  connected  with  the  Irish  noble 
house  of  Lisle,  while  her  gallant  and  dis- 
tin&:uished  husband  was  a  lineal  desoendant 


of  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  the  north  of 
England,  who  owned  the  estates  of  Howtel, 
Crastor,  and  Bassington,  in  Northumber- 
land, besides  others  in  the  south  of  Scot- 
land. Upon  their  patrimonial  estate  of 
Howtel  they  resided  from  before  the  Nor- 
man conquest  till  about  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century;  and  a  branch  of 
the  family  leaving  for  Devon,  in  the 
19th  year  of  King  Edward  II.  was  the 
ancestor  of  Peter  Burrell,  esq.  of  Becken- 
ham,  in  Kent,  whose  eldest  son,  Sif  Peter 
Burrell,  was  the  first  Baron  Gwydir,  and 
nineteenth  Baron  Willoughby  d'Eresbj, 
and  whose  three  daughters  were  married — 
Elizabeth,  first  to  Douglas  eighth  Duke 
of  Hamilton,  and  secondly  to  Henry  first 
Marquess  of  Exeter ;  Frances  Julia,  to 
Hugh  second  Duke  of  Northumberland ; 
and  Isabella  Susannah,  to  Algernon  first 
Earl  of  Beverley. 


Nathaniel  Alexander,  Esq. 

Jan.  5.  At  Ardimersey  cottage,  Islsy, 
(where  he  was  on  avisitto  Robert  Langtrey, 
esq.)  aged  37,  Nathaniel  Alexander,  esq. 
of  Glennone  House,  co.  Antrim,  late  M.P. 
for  that  county. 

He  was  bom  at  Hillsborough  in  1815, 
and  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  Yen.  Robert 
Alexander,  Archdeacon  of  Down,  by  his 
first  wife  Catharine,  youngest  daughter  of 
the  Right  Hon.  John  Staples,  and  the  Hon. 
Henrietta  Molesworth  his  wife.  His  pa- 
ternal grandfather,  the  Right  Rev.  Na- 
thaniel Alexander,  D.D.  Lord  Bishop  of 
Meath,  was  a  nephew  of  the  first  E^rl  ot 
Caledon. 

Mr.  Alexander  became  a  candidate  for 
the  representation  of  the  county  of  Antrim, 
when  the  elevation  of  his  relative,  General 
O'Neill,  to  a  peerage,  rendered  one  of  the 
seats  Vacant  in  1841.  The  electors  were 
also  addressed  at  this  period  by  Edmund 
McDonnell,  esq.  of  Glenarm  Castle ;  but 
the  latter  gentleman  declining  a  contest, 
Mr.  Alexander  was  returned  at  Carrick- 
fergus  on  the  14th  April,  1841,  his  pro- 
poser being  George  Macartney,  esq.  one  of 
the  present  representatives,  and  his  se- 
conder Major  Rowan.  At  the  general 
election  consequent  on  the  dissolution  of 
ministry,  in  the  same  year,  Mr.  Alexander 
was  unopposed;  and  from  that  time  he 
continued  to  represent  the  county  to  1852, 
when  he  bsued  an  address  to  the  electors, 
intimating  his  intention  of  not  again  so- 
liciting their  suffrages.  In  politics  he  was 
a  Conservative,  and  voted  for  agricultural 
protection  in  1846.  In  private  life  he  was 
unostentatious,  amiable,  and  inoffensive, 
never  allowing  a  political  difference  to  in- 
terfere with  the  observances  of  private 
friendship ;  and,  although  for  eleven  years 
of  his  life  he  was  obligdl,  as.  a  Member  of 


L'iSa,]  H.  W.  PHru,  E^q.—H.  Fynes-CUnton,  Esq. 


3M 


the  Houae  of  Camtnotis,  to  engage  himself^ 
to  a  considerable  exteiitt  in  the  discustftoti 
of  public  matters,  his  retiring  «Hspositiori 
unfitted  him  for  the  active  exertions  of  a 
pitrHainetitary  career,  and  his  retirement 
was  a  step  taken  not  only  with  the  suggestion 
of  some  of  hi6  friends,  but  tn  accordance 
H'ith  his  own  wish  to  withdraw  from  the 
noisy  arena  of  political  contest. 

Mr.  Alexander  married,  April  7,  1842, 
Florinda,  second  dan.  of  Richard  Boyle 
Bayley,  esq.  by  the  Hon.  Alicia  Hundcock, 
eldest  daughter  of  Richard  second  Lord 
Castlemaiue ;  and  bu  left  iasucp 


I 


HKNny  William  Petre,  Es<4. 

Nov,  i?6.  Aged61,  Henry  William  Pctre, 
esq.  of  Dunkenhalgh,  Lancashire,  and  Port- 
man -square,  London. 

He  was  descended  from  Robert-Edward 
ninth  Lord  Petre,  being  the  second  son  of 
the  Hon.  George  WiJiinm  Petre,  (second 
ton  of  that  nobleman,)  who  died  in  1797, 
by  Maria,  second  daughter  of  Philip 
Howard,  esq.  of  Corby  Castle.  He  was 
bom  on  the  23d  April»  1791  ;  and  suc- 
ceeded to  the  estates  of  DunkenhoJigh,  ^c. 
on  the  demise  of  his  elder  brother,  George 
Robert  Petre,  esq.  who  died  unmarried 
March  30,  18?9, 

Mr«  Petre  was  three  times  married: 
irst,  on  the  llth  July,  181B,  to  Eliicabeth- 
Anne,  eldest  daughter  of  Edmund  John 
Glynn,  esq.  of  Glynn  ^  in  Cornwall;  she 
died  on  the  13th  Sept.  1 828  ;  secondly  on 
the  20th  April,  1630,  to  his  cousin  Adeliza- 
Maria,  third  daughter  of  Henry  Howard, 
esq.  of  Corby,  and  sister  to  Emma-Agnes 
now  dowager  Ludy  Petre;  she  died  on  the 
9th  Sept.  1833;  thirdly,  on  the  4th  Nov. 
1 834,  to  M a rthu' Agatha,  third  daughter 
of  Mr.  Hofneli,  who  survives  bim.  By 
his  first  wife  he  had  Ijisue  two  sons,  Henry, 
bom  in  ISil,  who  married  in  ltj46  a 
daughter  of  the  late  E.  Power,  esq. ;  and 
George-Glynn.  By  his  second  wife  he  had 
also  issue  two  sons,  Ed  ward*  Henry  and 
Oswald. 


Hbnay  Fynes-Cmnton,  Esa. 

OeL  24,  At  Welwyn,  Herts,  in  hia  72d 
year,  Henry  Fynes-Clinton,  e«q. 

Mr.  Clinton  was  born  on  the  1 4th  Jan. 
ITBl.  He  was  descended  from  Henry 
second  Earl  of  Lincoln;  and  was  the  eldest 
son  of  tlje  Rev.  Charles  Fynes- Clinton, 
D.D.  Prtbtndary  of  Westminster  and  In- 
cumbent of  St.  Margaret's,  Westmin&ter, 
who  died  in  1837  (see  the  Gentleman's 
Magaxine,  vol.  XCVtI.  \u  570). 

Mr.  Clinton  was  educated  at  Westmin- 
ster school,  but  not  on  the  Foundation. 
He  passed  from  that  school  to  Christ 
Churcht  Oxfordp  where  he  was  admitted 
Commoner  on  the  5th  of  April,  17i^9,  and 


where  his  diligence  and  ability  attracted 
the  noticeof  Cyril  Jackson,  who  nominated 
him  to  a  studentship.  He  graduated  B.A« 
1803,  M.A.  1805.  His  family  then  used 
the  name  of  Fynes  ;  for  it  was  not  until 
the  2Cth  April,  lfi2l,  that  his  father  ob- 
tained the  royal  licence  to  resume  the 
ancient  family  name  of  Clinton. 

Mr.  Clinton  was  returned  to  parliament 
for  the  borough  of  Aldborough  at  the  ge- 
neral election  of  1806,  and  sat  as  one  of 
its  representati^res  during  five  parliaments 
until  the  dissolution  of  1826,  when  he  waa 
succeeded  in  his  seat  by  his  next  brother 
the  late  Clinton  James  Fynes-Clinton,  esq. 
b arris ter-at  law,  who  died  in  1833  (und  a 
memoir  of  whom  will  be  found  in  the  Gen» 
tleman's  Magazine  for  April  in  that  year)* 

The  name  of  Mr.  Clinton  is  wetl  known 
in  the  learned  world,  and  especially  to  the 
i^ourse  of  our  university  education,  as  the 
author  of  the  Fasti  HeUenici  and  Fast! 
Romani.  The  former  work  appeared  in 
separate  volumes  in  1824, 1827,  1830,  and 
1834.  It  19  now  divided  into  three  volumes 
(wbich  are  sold  separately)  :  I.  containing 
The  Civil  and  Literary  Chronology  of 
Greece,  from  the  earliest  accounts  to  the 
LVth  Olympiad  ;  2.  From  the  LVth  to 
the  CXJtlVth  Olympiad  \  3.  From  the 
CXXlVth  Olympiad  to  the  Death  of  Au- 
gustus. The  Fasti  Romani  are  in  two 
volumes  ;  1.  The  Civil  and  Literary  Chro- 
nology of  Rome  add  Constantinople,  from 
the  death  of  Augustus  to  the  death  of 
Justin  n.  ;  3.  Appendix,  from  the  death 
of  Augustus  to  the  death  of  Hcrachus. 
Mr.  Clinton  also  prepared  "An  Epitome 
of  the  Civil  and  Literary  Chronology  of 
Greece,  from  the  earliest  accounts  to  th« 
death  of  Augustus  ;^'  which  is  published 
in  octavo. 

Mr.  Cliutoii'i  studies  were  chiefly  claa- 
sicol,  but  In  no  way  confined  to  this  branch 
of  learning.  He  wns  well  read  in  the 
philosophical  and  theological  works  of  the 
early  church,  as  his  Fasti  Romani  testify; 
and  those  who  have  enjoyed  the  plea.<iure 
of  conversing  with  him  know  how  general 
was  his  information,  and  how  accurate  his 
memory.  If  he  had  directed  his  attention 
to  |)hilology,  like  his  friend  the  present 
Dean  of  Christ  Churdj,  he  would  no  doubt 
have  taken  a  place  among  our  first  scho- 
lars. Bat  in  very  early  years  his  mind 
wiis  directed  to  historical  and  chronological 
researches  (as  he  himself  testified),  by  the 
appearance  of  Mr,  Mitford's  History  of 
Greece;  and  the  works  just  mentioncdt 
which  have  become  works  of  authority 
throughout  Europe,  testify  the  labour  he 
bestowed,  and  the  success  of  his  labours. 

On  the  death  of  Mr.  Plants  in  Dec. 
18^7  Mr.  Clinton  was  a  candidate  for  the 
office  of  Principal  Librarian  of  the  British 


316     Obituary.— /^ew.  E.  Rice,  D.D.—Rev.  P.  L,  Pvaser.    [March, 


Museum,  his  family  connections  affording 
him  very  powerful  interest  among  the  trus- 
tees ;  but  the  superior  claims  of  Sir  Henry 
Ellis,  in  virtue  of  his  long  services  and 
great  experience  in  the  affairs  of  the  insti- 
tution, at  length  prevailed  in  determining 
the  decision  of  the  Marquess  of  Lansdowne, 
then  Home  Secretary. 

Mr.  Clinton  was  twice  married  ;  first, 
on  the  22d  June  1809,  to  Harriet,  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wylde,  who  died  on  the 
2d  February  following ;  and  secondly,  on 
the  6th  Jan.  1812,  to  Katharine,  third 
daughter  of  the  Right  Rev.  Henry  WiUiam 
Majendie,  D.D.  Lord  Bishop  of  Bangor. 
By  that  lady,  who  survives  him,  he  has 
left  issue  eight  daughters,  of  whom  the 
eldest,  Anna  Emma  Katharine,  was  mar- 
ried in  1838  to  William  Robert  Baker, 
esq.  of  Bayfordbury,  Hertfordshire ;  the 
second,  Anna  Maria  Isabella,  in  1839,  to 
Thomas  Gambier  Parry,  esq.  of  Highnam 
Court,  CO.  Gloucester ;  Margaretta,  the 
fifth,  in  1832,  to  the  Rev.  James  Richard 
Philip  Hoste,  nephew  to  the  late  Capt. 
Sir  William  Hoste,  Bart.  K.C.B.  ;  and 
Agnes,  the  sixth,  in  1846,  to  the  Hon.  and 
Rev.  Richard  Godolphin  Henry  Hastings, 
Rector  of  Hertingfordbury,  Herts,  brother 
to  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon. 

Mr.  Clinton's  only  son,  Charles  Francis 
Clinton,  esq.  B.A.  of  Christ  Church  1836, 
after  having  served  in  the  Christino  army 
in  Spain,  where  he  was  decorated  with  the 
cross  of  St.  Ferdinando  by  Espartcro  him- 
self, was  in  Sept.  1843  appointed  British 
arbitrator  under  the  treaty  with  Portugal 
for  the  abolition  of  slavery,  and  died  at 
Loanda  in  1844.  He  wrote  a  short  nar- 
rative of  his  Spanish  campaign,  and  some 
notes  of  his  travels  in  Styria,  the  Tyrol, 
and  Illyria  in  1841,  and  in  Greece,  Turkey, 
and  on  the  Danube  in  1843,  which  were 
published  in  Bentley's  Miscellany. 


Rkv.  Edward  Rice,  D.D. 

Jan,  19.  At  Christ's  Hospital,  aged 
57,  the  Rev.  Edward  Rice,  D.D.  Head 
Master  of  the  School  of  that  establishment, 
Vicar  of  Horley,  Surrey,  and  President  of 
the  Royal  Free  Hospital. 

Dr.  Rice  was  educated  at  Christ's  Hos- 
pital, from  whence  he  was  elected  as  an 
exhibitioner  to  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
in  the  year  1813.  He  graduated  B.A. 
1817,  M.A.  1820,  D.D.  1839. 

He  became  one  of  the  Classical  Masters 
at  Christ's  Hospital  before  the  year  1820  ; 
in  which  year  he  was  also  Curate  of  St. 
Giles's,  Cripplegate.  In  1821  we  find  him 
Assistant  Chaplain  at  the  Magdalen  Hos- 
pital, and  alternate  Morning  Preacher  of 
Berkeley  and  Fitzroy  Chapels ;  and  in 
1829  alternate  Morning  Preacher  at  the 
Philanthropic  and    Fitzroy  Chapels,  and 


Lecturer  of  St.  Stephen's,  Coleman  Street. 
In  1827  he  was  presented  by  the  GoverDors 
of  Christ's  Hospital  to  the  vicarage  of 
Horley  in  Surrey. 

On  his  retirement  from  the  lectureship 
of  St.  Stephen's,  Coleman  Street,  in  order 
to  undertake  the  entire  duties  of  the  Phi- 
lanthropic Chapel,  the  parishioners  pre- 
sented him  with  a  silver  tea-service ;  and 
in  1846,  on  his  retirement  from  the  Phi- 
lanthropic Chapel,  after  having  officiated 
there  for  twenty  years,  the  congregation 
presented  to  him  a  silver  salver  and  other 
plate  to  the  value  of  200/. 

He  became  the  Head  Master  of  the 
Christ's  Hospital  School  in  1836. 

Dr.  Rice  had  laboured  for  more  than 
six  months  under  a  state  of  great  despond- 
ency, in  consequence  of  a  severe  fever,  from 
which  he  suffered  in  Feb.  1852,  and  which 
was  followed  by  fever  in  a  nervous  form 
in  May  or  June  last.  His  friends  had 
just  persuaded  him  to  resign  his  office  of 
schoolmaster,  when  within  a  few  days  he 
terminated  his  life  by  banging  himself  by 
a  handkerchief  to  his  bed.  The  coroner's 
jury  returned  for  their  verdict,  *'  That 
Dr.  Rice  committed  suicide  while  in  a 
state  of  derangement." 

So  long  feince  as  1834  it  was  remarked 
that  "  the  Hospital  never  possessed  a 
more  faithful  master,  nor  his  colleagues  a 
more  valued  friend."  (Trollope's  History 
of  Christ's  Hospital,  1834.) 
Dr.  Rice  published — 
A  Sermon  on  the  use  and  necessity  of 
Liturgies  in  general,  and  the  particular  ex- 
cellency of  that  of  the  Church  of  England ; 
preached  befpre  the  Trustees  of  the  Cord- 
wainers  and  Bread-street  Wards'  School, 
in  St.  Mary-le-Bow,  on  St.  Mark's  day, 
April  25,  1820.     8vo. 

A  Sermon  preached  in  the  Chapel  of 
the  Magdalen  Hospital,  on  Sunday,  July 
22,  1821,  in  consequence  of  the  Corona- 
tion of  his  Majesty  Greorge  IV.  and  pub- 
lished at  the  request  of  the  Committee. 
1821.  8vo. 

Two  Sermons ;  one  on  the  General 
Errors,  the  other  on  the  Particular  Pre- 
tensions, of  the  Romish  Church.  To  which 
are  prefixed  some  Thoughts  on  "  Catholic 
Emancipation."  1829.  8vo. 
Dr.  Rice  has  left  a  widow. 


Rev.  Petbr  Lovett  Fraser. 

Oct.  16.  At  Kegworth,  Leicestershire, 
at  an  advanced  age,  the  Rev.  Peter  Lovett 
Fraser,  Rector  of  that  parish  and  Islay 
Walton,  a  Prebendary  of  Lincoln,  and 
Chaplain  to  the  Duke  of  Cambridge. 

Mr.  Fraser  was  formerly  a  Fellow  of 
Christ's  college,  Cambridge,  where  he 
graduated  B.A.  1795  as  13th  Senior  Op- 
time,  M.A.  1798. 


Obituary. — /?er,  Thomas  Spencer^  M.A. 


317 


1 

L 


He  WAi  presented  to  the  chapelry  of 
Bromley  by  Bow,  co.  Middlesex,  io  1824 
by  JohQ  VViilter,  esq.  (bte  of  Bear  Wood); 
to  the  rectory  of  Kcgwortli  in  1831  by  his 
college ;  aod  in  the  same  year  be  was  nO" 
(Dinated  a  Prebendary  of  Lincoln,  He  had 
lately  resigned  the  living  of  Bromley, 

Mr.  Fraser  was  a  very  intimate  friend 
of  the  Jatc  Mr.  Walter,  an  J,  if  wc  rightly 
recollect,  was  of  mateiial  assistance  to 
him  it)  et^tahlt^hing  the  prlntiug  machine 
of  the  'limes.  He  also  filled  «ome  im- 
portant fuuciion  in  the  office  of  Her 
Miijt-sty's  Secretary  of  Stale  for  Foreign 
Afl'iiira. 

Mr.  Froser  married,  July  20,  1833, 
'lEliz  a  bet  b -Rachel,  cldt-st  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Bbckburne,  M.D.  of  Eastcot  honse, 
tiear  VTells,  and  granddaughter  of  the  cele- 
brated Archdeueon  Blackborne. 

Mr,  Fruiscr's  funeral  at  Kegworth  was 
attended  by  a  large  concourse  of  his  friends 
aod  neighbours.  Sixty  of  the  moht  re- 
spectable  parishioners,  in  deep  mourning, 
headed  the  procession;  clergymen  attcmled 
is  ptll-bearers,  twelve  others  followed  as 
motirners,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  t'rofton  per- 
formed the  service.  The  chief  mourner 
was  Mr.  Ga^tonbury,  supported  by  John 
Walter,  esq,  M.F.  for  Nottingham,  and 
W.  !>♦  Jourdaiae,  eaq. 

Mr.  Fra#cr  has  bequeathed  bis  valuable 
library  to  his  college,  together  with  a  i;Uin 
of  mooey  to  be  applied  for  its  arraogemeat 
and  preservation.  We  underBtand  that  be 
left  the  Bisbop  of  Lincola  his  literary  ex- 
ecutor ;  who  has  in  little  more  than  four 
months  followed  him  to  the  tomb. 


TuK  Rev.  Thomas  SpKNCURf  M,A, 
Jan.  26.     At  bi^i  reflideoce  at  Notting 
Bill,    aear    London,    the   Rev.    Thomas 
pencci%   M.A.  Secretary  to  the  National 
I  Temperance  Society, 

He  was  born  Oct,  U,  U%,  at  Derby, 
L  where  hia  father,  an  upright  atid  reUgioug 
I  man,  kept  a  large  coaimisrctal  school.     In 
I  Oct.  1816,  he  went  to  St.  John's  college, 
J  Cauibridgc.     In  every  college  examination 
[  ho  was  in  tlie  firtt  claims  ;  and  in  the  tir&t 
^  year,  besides  the  Arst-clajis  prize,  be  ob- 
lained  a  prize  for  Latin  tbemes.     Iii  the 
Seoate-Houae  be  took  his  degree  aa  ninth 
Wrangler,  in  l8-*0;  ajid  soon  afterwards 
obtained  the  prize  given  by  Lis  college  to 
Ihe  Bachelor  of  Artts  who  passes  the  bciit 
examinntioti   in    Mornl    t*hilo»ophy,   Evi- 
dences of  Christianily^  Buller*«  Analogy, 
8;o.     After  tulting  pupih  in  college  for  one 
term,  he  wai  orduiacd  deacon  at  Easter, 
tB'.*0;  and  for  a  year  und  u  half  held  the 
\  curacy  of  a  fmall  village  in  Norfolk,  re- 
siding In  Ihc  houae  of  the  country  squire, 
to  whoM*  son  be  was  private  tutor.     In 


March,  1823,  Mr,  Spencer  was  elected 
Fellow  of  St.  John's  college,  and  in  March, 
liiSG,  he  woB  presented  to  tbe  perpetual 
curacy  of  Hinton  Cliarterhouae,  near  Bath 
—  a  living  which  he  held  nearly  twenty- 
two  yeara.  He  held  his  college  Fellowship 
six  years  and  a  half,  and  it  ceased  on  bis 
marriage  in  Sept.  \S29.  Tbe  parish  of 
Uinton  contained  about  737  tnhabi tanks. 
There  bad  been  no  resident  clergyman^ 
no  parsonage  house,  no  school,  either  Sun- 
day or  daily,  and  no  institution  whatever 
for  the  good  of  the  people.  Mr,  Spenoer, 
with  the  aid  of  bis^  neighbours,  erected  a 
parsonage  house,  a  national  school,  esta- 
blished a  village  library  of  several  hundred 
volumes,  a  clothing  club,  introduced  the 
allotisent  system,  and  obtained  for  each  of 
about  eighty  men  a  little  field  garden  at 
tlie  farmer ^6  rent.  Intemperance  and 
pauperism  prevailed  to  a  great  extent  in 
Ibe  parish  ;  about  one  hundred  personSi 
meluding  forty  able-bodied  men,  were  re- 
ceiving pari-ib  pay ;  and  the  poor-rates 
were  above  700/.  a  year,  and  on  one  occa- 
sion 1000/.  This  fact  gave  a  character  to 
Mr.  Spencer's  future  career,  which  was 
chiefly  devoted  to  the  removal  of  pau- 
perism and  intemperaiicet  and  to  tbe  eleva- 
tion of  the  labouring  classes.  But  the 
great  evil  to  overcome  was  pauperism,  or 
the  habit  of  living  on  parish  pay,  instead 
of  depending  on  industry  and  forethought. 
After  much  effort,  however,.  Mr.  Spencer 
bad  tlie  pleasure  of  seeing  these  idle 
paupers  changed  into  diligent  labourers ; 
the  poor-rates  were  reduced  to  200/.  a 
year,  the  farmers  became  more  prosperous^ 
the  money  that  was  ouce  paid  in  poor- 
rates  was  now  spent  in  wages  of  labour, 
wage$  became  higher,  a  marked  improve- 
ment took  place  in  the  behaviour  of  the 
labourers,  and  for  tbe  last  ten  years  of 
Mr,  Spencer^g  residence  there  were  no 
paupers  receiving  out-door  relief,  and  only 
four  or  tive  in  tbe  workhouse,  and  those 
either  aged  persons  or  young  childix^o. 
The  efforts  of  Mr.  Spencer  were  after, 
wards  extended  to  other  pari shci},  lliuton 
was  incorporated  with  twenty-four  parishes 
in  the  Bath  Uniooi  and  Mr.  Spencer  was 
unanitnously  elected  ganrdiiin.  1  n  the  first 
year,  the  guardians,  knowing  the  great 
iunprovemeiit  which  had  been  made  at 
Hiuton,  elected  him  their  chairman,  and 
in  that  year  the  poor-rates  were  reduced, 
from  19,U00/,  to  11,000/, 

In  mere  party  politics  Mr,  Spencer  never 
took  any  interei^t ;  but  in  most  of  the  great 
movements  of  tbe  day  io  behalf  of  civil 
and  religious  freedom,  he  has  been  actively 
engaged.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Anti- 
Slavery  Conference,  was  present  sit  the 
first  and  last  banquet  of  the  AntiCurn 
Law  League  in  Manchester^  and  wa«  one 


318         Rev.  S.  JohneS'Knighty  M.A» — P.  Borthtcick,  Esq.    [March, 


of  the  four  chairmen  of  the  Conference 
of  Ministers.  He  has  written  tracts  on 
education,  poor  laws,  corn  laws,  church 
reform,  extension  of  the  suffrage,  and  tem- 
perance. In  opposing  ecclesiastical  evils, 
he  has,  however,  always  declared  his  at- 
tachment to  the  Church  of  England,  and 
his  determination  to  remain  in  that  Church. 
He  has  never  officiated  in  any  other  place, 
or  in  any  other  way,  than  as  appointed  hy 
the  laws  of  the  Church;  and  during  the 
twenty-two  years  he  resided  at  Hinton,  he 
always  experienced  the  most*  courteous 
conduct  from  the  successive  Bishops  of 
Bath  and  Wells.  When,  in  Sept.  1847, 
he  announced  his  intention  to  resign  the 
living,  they  sent  an  address,  signed  by  the 
two  churchwardens,  the  two  overseers,  and 
all  the  leading  inhabitants,  requesting  him 
to  reconsider  his  intention,  and  to  remain  ; 
but  it  was  his  wish  to  seek  in  London  a 
larger  sphere  of  usefulness.  Since  his 
residence  in  London  he  has  chiefly  dedi- 
cated himself  to  the  pulpit  and  the  tem- 
perance platform;  and  in  March,  1851, 
he  was  requested  by  the  Committee  of 
Vice-Presidents  of  the  National  Tem- 
perance Society,  who  had  been  appointed 
to  reorganize  that  institution,  to  accept 
the  office  of  secretary,  and  also  the  editor- 
ship of  the  National  Temperance  Chro- 
nicle. In  the  beginning  of  last  year  Mr. 
Spencer  was  attacked  with  paralysis,  which 
was  followed  by  a  protracted  illness.  The 
assigned  cause  of  bis  death  was  an  affec- 
tion of  the  liver,  but  there  were  other 
diseases  which  attended  the  complete  pros- 
tration of  his  nervous  system.  Thus  died 
one  of  the  most  earnest  friends  of  civil 
and  religious  liberty  and  of  social  reforms 
which  this  age  has  produced. —  Weekly 
News. 


Rev.  Samuel  Johnes-Knight,  M.A. 

July  8.  At  Welwyn,  Herts,  aged  96, 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Johnes-Knight,  M.A.  of 
Henley  Hall,  Shropshire,  Rector  of  Wel- 
wyn, and  for  nearly  seventy  years  Vicar 
of  Allhallows  Barking,  London. 

He  was  the  younger  son  of  Thomas 
Johnes,  esq.  of  Llanvair  Clydog,  co.  Car- 
digan, and  Croft  Castle,  co.  Hereford, 
M.P.  for  Herefordshire,  by  Elizabeth,  dau. 
and  heir  of  Richard  Knight,  esq.  of  Croft 
Castle.  His  elder  brother  was  Thomas 
Johnes,  esq.  of  Hafod,  Member  of  Parlia- 
ment and  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Cardigan- 
shire, better  known  for  his  edition  of  Frois- 
sart ;  who  died  without  surviving  issue  in 
1816  :  and  his  cousins-german  (the  sons  of 
Thomas  Knight,  esq.  of  Wormesley  Grange, 
CO.  Hereford)  were  Richard  Payne  Knight, 
esq.  the  poet  and  patron  of  the  fine  arts, 
who  died  in  1824,  and  Thomas  Andrew 
Knight,  esq.  F.R.S.  of  Downton  Cattle, 


President  of  the  Horticultural  Society,  who 
died  in  1838. 

Mr.  Samuel  Johnes  entered  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford  as  a  member  of  Christ 
church,  graduated  B.A.  1778,  was  elected 
Fellow  of  All  Souls,  and  proceeded  M.A. 
1782.  He  was  presented  to  the  vicarage 
of  Allhallows  Barking,  in  1783,  by  Arch- 
bishop  Moore ;  and  to  the  rectory  of  Wel- 
wyn, in  1797,  by  All  Souls  college. 

He  married  Mary-Anne,  daughter  of 
Qen.  Sir  Cornelius  Cuyler,  Bart,  of  St. 
John's  Lodge,  Welwyn,  by  whom  he  had 
issue  an  only  child  Louisa- Elizabeth- Anne, 
married  in  1832  to  the  present  Sir  John 
Villiers  Shelley,  Bart.  M.P.  and  who  has 
issue  one  daughter. 

Under  the  will  of  Richard  Pa3me  Knight, 
esq.  Mr.  Johnes  succeeded  (in  consequence 
of  the  extinction  of  the  male  issue  of 
Thomas  Andrew  Knight,  esq.  of  Downton 
Castle)  to  the  estate  of  Henley  Hall,  in 
Shropshire,  and  assumed  the  additional 
name  of  Knight.  In  pursuance  of  the 
same  will,  by  failure  of  male  issue,  Henley 
Hall  has  now  become  the  property  of  the 
descendants  of  the  daughters  of  Thomas 
Andrew  Knight,  esq.  of  Downton,  who  were, 
Elizabeth,  married  to  Francis  Walker,  esq. 
and  Charlotte,  married  to  Sir  Wm.  Edw. 
Rouse-Boughton,  Bart. 

Peter  Borthwick,  Esq. 

Dec.  18.  At  Walton  Villas,  aged  48, 
Peter  Borthwick,  esq.  barrister-at-law, 
formerly  M.P.  for  Evesham,  and  recently 
Editor  of  The  Morning  Post. 

Mr.  Borthwick  was  descended  from  the 
ancient  family  of  Borthwick,  Lord  Borth- 
wick in  the  Peerage  of  Scotland,  whose 
castle  is  still  a  picturesque  and  noble  ruin. 
He  was  born  at  Combank,  in  the  parish 
of  Borthwick,  in  Mid.Lothian,on  the  13th 
September,  1804.  He  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  and  was  the 
private  pupil  of  the  late  pious  and  learned 
Bishop  Walker.  Notwithstanding  an  early 
marriage,  he  afterwards  took  up  his  resi- 
dence at  Cambridge,  having  entered  him- 
self of  Jesus  College.  Thence,  by  removal, 
he  became  a  Fellow  Commoner  of  Down- 
ing College,  and  while  there  was  the  author 
of  some  learned  works  on  theological  sub- 
jects, having  then  an  intention  to  enter  the 
English  church. 

In  the  autumn  of  1832,  being  still  un- 
engaged in  any  professional  pursuit,  an 
accidental  circumstancebrought into  active 
exercise  the  resources  of  his  powerful  mind. 
Happening  to  be  present  at  a  meeting 
called  for  the  purpose  of  discussing  the 
subject  of  negro  slavery,  the  immediate 
abolition  of  which  was  then  vigorously 
urged  by  a  class  of  agitators,  composed  in 
great  part  of  sectarian  preachers  and  their 


1853.] 


Obituary. — Pete^*  Borthwicky  Esq. 


819 


followers,  Mr.  Borthwlck  felt  impelled,  by 
the  gross  misrepresentations  addressed  to 
the  audience,  to  refate  these  calumnies. 
It  was  his  first  essay  as  a  public  speaker  ; 
but  so  complete  was  his  success,  that, 
from  that  moment,  his  reputation  was 
established.  He  was  at  once  invited,  not 
only  by  those  who  had  a  personal  interest 
in  the  question,  but  by  others  actuated  by 
an  abstract  love  of  justice,  to  disabuse  the 
public  mind  on  the  subject  of  slavery,  by 
delivering  lectures  at  meetings  convened 
for  that  object. 

These  purely  gratuitous  labours,  the 
effect  of  his  conscientious  convictions,  pro- 
duced an  effect  far  beyond  what  could  have 
been  expected.  Bath  contributed  a  silver 
dinner  service,  Cheltenham  a  breakfast 
equipage  of  the  same  material,  Dumfries  a 
costly  piece  of  plate,  and  the  Unfversity  of 
Edinburgh  a  cup,  bearing  a  very  flattering 
inscription  expressive  of  a  sense  of  the 
honour  reflected  by  his  talents  and  elo- 
quence upon  the  University  of  which  he 
was  so  distinguished  a  member.  On  the 
same  occasion  the  boys  of  the  High  School 
of  Edinburgh  presented  to  Mr.  Borth- 
wick's  eldest,  but  then  an  infant,  son,  Al- 
gernon, a  silver  bicker  "  in  honour  of  his 
father." 

The  year  I83S2  had,  in  another  respect, 
an  important  bearing  on  the  views  and  pro- 
spects of  Mr.  Borthwick.  The  reputation 
which  he  had  so  rapidly  achieved  induced 
a  suggestion  that  he  should  give  to  the 
country  the  benefit  of  his  services  in  Par- 
liament. He  accordingly  contested  the 
representation  of  the  borough  of  Evesham, 
but  his  claims  could  not  yet  avail  against 
the  Whig  interest,  which  had  hitherto  re- 
turned both  the  members.  In  1834,  how- 
ever, he  again  entered  the  lists,  and  was 
returned  in  conjunction  with  Sir  Charles 
Cockerell.  The  traditions  of  his  family, 
distinguished  through  many  centuries  for 
unswerving  loyalty,  had  made  him  a  Con- 
servative— or,  as  it  was  then  called,  a 
Tory — in  politics.  The  judicious  instruc- 
tion of  Bishop  Walker  had  thoroughly 
identified  his  religious  principles  with  those 
inculcated  by  the  Epbcopal  Church.  The 
result  was  that  Mr.  Borthwick  became  the 
advocate  in  Parliament  of  order  and  legi- 
timacy in  political  affairs,  and  a  strong  and 
undeviating  Churchman  in  matters  of 
higher  concernment.  The  civil  war  was 
raging  in  Spain  when  he  entered  Parlia- 
ment, and  he  firmly  supported  the  consti* 
tutional  rights  of  Don  Carlos  V.  against 
what,  under  the  formal  settlement  of  the 
succession  to  the  Spanish  throne,  he  be- 
lieved to  be  the  usurpation  of  Donna  Isa- 
bella. But  he  was  not  satisfied  with  the 
theoretical  knowledge  which  he  had  ac- 
quired of  the  subject ;  he  proceeded  to  the 


Basque  Provinces,  in  order  to  convince 
himself,  by  personal  observation,  of  the 
practical  bearing  of  the  Carlist  system 
upon  the  comfort  and  happiness  of  the 
people. 

Mr.  Borthwick  had  early  acquired  a 
strong  conviction  that  the  Church  in  Eng^ 
land  had  become  too  much  secularised  by 
its  established  connection  with  the  State  $ 
and  concluding  that,  to  overcome  this  evil, 
synodal  action  and  self-government  were 
necessary,  he  availed  himself  of  the  first 
opportunity  that  offered  for  a  motion  in 
the  House  of  Commons  (May  2,  1837)  to 
pray  the  Crown  that  Convocation  might 
once  more  be  authorised  to  exercise  the 
rights  of  assembly  and  discussion,  of 
which  the  Church  had  been  deprived  ever 
since  the  memorable  period  of  Bishop 
Hoadley.  This  motion  was  negatived  by 
only  a  small  majority.  But  the  great  mea- 
sure with  which  his  name  is  identified,  and 
by  which  he  will  be  favourably  known  to 
posterity,  was  the  introduction  into  the 
Poor  Law  of  that  admirable  provision, 
"the  Borthwick  clause,*'  which  his  un- 
tiring perseverance,  after  much  difficulty, 
succeeded  in  extorting  firom  the  reluctant 
House  of  Commons.  To  him  it  is  owing 
that  married  couples  who  have  sharea 
each  others'  pains  and  pleasures  up  to  the 
ages  of  sixty,  shall  not,  if  overtaken  by 
misfortune,  be  subjected  in  the  poor-hooie 
to  become  the  victims  of  a  visitation  of 
the  Divine  command,  which  says,  ''Those 
whom  God  hath  joined  together  let  no 
man  put  asunder." 

Mr.  Borthwick  ceased  to  be  a  member 
of  Parliament  at  the  dissolution  of  1847, 
and  he  was  subsequently  called  to  the  bar 
as  a  member  of  the  Hon.  Society  of  Gray's 
Inn.  The  prospect  that  opened  upon  his 
new  career  was  unusually  promising,  and 
he  was  justified  in  antidpating  a  distin- 
guished and  lucrative  future  ;  but  at  this 
time  circumstances  occurred  which  once 
more  changed  his  destination,  and  gave  a 
new  direction  to  his  untiring  energiet. 
The  management  of  the  Morning  Pott 
was  confid^  to  him  by  the  proprietor  of 
the  paper,  and  those  who  had  the  best  op* 
portunity  of  judging,  were  convinced  of 
the  sagacity  and  prudence  which  dictated 
the  selection. 

His  course  of  usefulness  was,  however, 
destined  to  a  duration  but  too  limited. 
Always  unsparing  of  himself,  physical 
fatigue  and  mental  exertion,  unremittingly 
in  operation,  at  last  produced  an  injurious 
effect  Symptoms  of  decaying  health  began 
to  exhibit  themselves  in  a  manner  too  un- 
equivocal not  to  cause  uneasiness  in  the 
minds  of  his  friends.  His  state  was  one  of 
continued  alternation— one  week  a  little 
better,  the  next  a  little  wone— vntily  on 


320 


Obituary. — Jonathan  Pereira^  MJ)* 


[March, 


Friday,  the  17th  of  December,  he  was  sud- 
denly attacked  with  active  inflammation, 
assuming  the  form  of  pleuiisy.  After  seve- 
ral hours  of  intense  pain,  he  became  free 
from  it  on  the  following  morning,  and  hap- 
pily remained  so  till  between  nine  and  ten 
at  night,  when,  with  pious  calm,  he  re- 
signed his  soul  into  the  hands  of  God  who 
gave  it. 

During  the  whole  term  of  his  protracted 
illness  his  mental  capacity  was  never  im- 
paired ;  and  on  the  very  day  before  his 
death  an  article  appeared  in  the  Morning 
Post,  written  by  him  on  the  previous 
evening,  with  all  the  clearness  and  vigour 
of  intellect  that  distinguished  him  in  his 
days  of  rude  and  unbroken  health. 

In  private  life,  all  Mr.  Borthwick's  ac- 
quaintances were  his  friends  ;  in  his  public 
character,  he  was  universally  esteemed 
even  by  those  who  were  politically  opposed 
to  him.  The  late  Lord  George  Bentiock 
was  heard  to  say,  only  three  or  four  days 
before  his  own  lamented  death, — *'  Borth- 
wick  is  a  very  remarkable  man ;  he  can 
speak,  and  speak  well,  upon  any  subject 
at  a  moment's  notice. '^ 

The  life  of  which  we  have  thus  sketched 
the  mere  outline,  was,  even  in  the  eyes  of 
the  world,  a  life  of  unfailing  labour  and  of 
arduous  strife  with  circumstances.  But 
those  only  who  closely  knew  the  man,  and 
who  could  watch  the  ardent  and  strenuous 
efforts  to  which  he  compelled  his  intellect, 
and  forced  his  material  energy,  could 
judge  with  what  firm  courage  and  resolved 
self-sacrifice  the  course  was  urged  to  the 
last.  No  kindlier  or  warmer  heart  ever 
won  the  love  or  riveted  the  friendship  of 
those  to  whom  it  was  given  to  feel  its 
truth  and  merit — no  more  dauntless  cou- 
rage or  more  generous  spirit  ever  battled 
for  the  right,  or  withstood  contumely, 
wrong,  and  slander — no  more  sterling 
honesty  and  unswerving  perseverance  in 
all  objects  of  duty  and  principle  were  ever 
displayed  in  undeviating  self-sacrifice  and 
self-denial.  The  unsparing  energy  with 
which  Mr.  Borthwick  devoted  himself  to 
the  most  harassing  and  severest  of  occu- 
pations undermined  a  physical  constitu- 
tion originally  of  iron  strength.  Laborious 
days — sleepless  nights — an  anxious  sense 
of  responsibility,  and  a  restless  energy 
which  nothing  could  quell,  originated  the 
severe  illness  which  at  length  has  deprived 
society  of  a  most  useful  member,  has 
severed  so  many  kindly  ties,  broken  through 
so  many  true  and  well-deserved  attach- 
ments, left  desolate  hearts  which  repaid 
with  such  warm  and  steadfast  love  the 
devotion  which  never  flagged  in  their 
cause— never  ceased  to  be  doing,  plan- 
ning, or  working  for  their  sakes. 
Mr.  Borthwick  married,  in  1827,  Miss 
\2 


Margaret  Colville,  daughter  of  John  Col- 
villc,  esq.  of  Ewart,  Northumberland. 
This  lady,  the  beloved  companion  of  his 
prosperous  days,  and  his  solace  under  the 
pressure  of  severe  misfortunes,  survives 
him,  with  four  children,  three  sons  and 
one  daughter. — Morning  Post, 

Jonathan  Pereira,  M.D.,  F.R.S. 

Jan,  20.  At  his  residence  in  Finsbary- 
square,  in  bis  49th  year,  Jonathan  Pereira, 
esq.  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  and  F.L.S.  Physician 
to  the  London  Hospital. 

Dr.  Pereira  was  born  of  humble  parent- 
age, in  the  parish  of  Shoreditch,  on  the 
22nd  May,  1804,  and  received  his  educa- 
tion at  private  schools  in  that  vicinity.  He 
was  articled  at  the  oge  of  fifteen  to  Mr. 
Latham,  an  apothecary,  in  the  City  Road; 
but  his  indentures  were  cancelled,  in  con- 
sequence of  his  master  falling  into  a  state 
of  mental  incapacity.  In  1821  Pereira 
became  a  pupil  at  the  General  Dispensary 
in  Aldersgate  Street,  where  he  attended 
the  prelections  of  Dr.  Cluttcrbuck  on  che- 
mistry, materia  medica,  and  the  practice 
of  physic ;  those  of  Dr.  Birkbeck  on  natu- 
ral philosophy,  and  those  of  Dr.  Lambe  on 
botany.  In  the  following  year  he  entered 
to  the  surgical  practice  of  St.  Bartholo- 
mew's Hospital.  While  thus  engaged,  a 
vacancy  occurred  in  the  ofiice  of  apothe- 
cary at  the  Aldersgate  Dispensary  ;  and  in 
order  to  qualify  himself  as  a  candidate  it 
was  necessary  that  he  should  at  once  pro- 
ceed for  examination  to  Apothecaries' 
Hall.  This  he  did  on  the  Gth  of  March, 
1823,  and  procured  its  licence  when  he 
was  only  eighteen  years  of  age.  In  the 
same  month  he  was  appointed  to  the  Dis- 
pensary, and  we  may  date  his  illustrious 
career  from  that  time.  His  salary  was 
only  120/.  j)er  annum  ;  and,  with  the  view 
of  increasing  his  income,  he  formed  a  class 
for  private  medical  instruction,  which  he 
had  but  little  difficulty  in  doing,  as  the 
lectures  at  the  Dispensary  were  largely  at- 
tended. His  success  in  this  undertaking 
was  very  great,  and  he  thought  it  desirable 
to  publish  a  few  small  books  on  the  sub- 
jects in  which  he  found  his  pupils  most 
deficient.  These  were  a  translation  of  the 
'*  Pharmacopoeia"  for  1824,  with  the  che- 
mical decompositions ;  the  *'  Selecta  0  Prtj- 
scriptis,*'  a  manual  for  the  use  of  students; 
and  a  "  General  Table  of  Atomic  Nuni- 
bers,  with  an  Introduction  to  the  Atomic 
Theory. ' '  These  works  were  published  in 
the  course  of  the  years  1824,  5,  6,  and  7  ; 
they  had  a  very  extensive  sale,  and  two  of 
them  are  in  existence  at  the  present  time. 

In  the  year  1825  he  passed  the  College 
of  Surgeons,  and  in  the  year  following  he 
succeeded  Dr.  Clutterbuck  as  a  lecturer 
on  chemistry.     At  that  time  he  was  only 


1S53.] 


Obituary, — Jonathan  Pereira^  M.D* 


821 


twenty- two  years  of  age,  bufc  his  appear- 
ance was  commanding,  and  he  therefore 
looked  much  older.  His  first  lecture  was 
giTen  to  a  Idrge  class  of  pupiU  and  friends. 
It  fta«  eminently  successful,  and  he  re- 
ceived the  warm  coagralulations  of  his 
uumerous  odmircrd.  Then,  ax  ever  after- 
wards, he  gonght  to  dazile  by  the  novelty 
of  hJB  fact*  and  the  profasion  of  hia  illus- 
trations* Hia  lecture-labk  was  covered 
with  specimens,  and,  among  other  thingi, 
he  exhibited  the  new  elementp  bronnn6f 
ivhich  Bokrd,  of  Montpellier,  lad  just 
then  discovered. 

In  the  rourse  of  a  year  or  two  after 
that  time,  he  began  to  collect  the  fucts  for 
hia  **  Materia  Medica.*'  He  saw  that  the 
whole  subject  of  pharmacology  was  in- 
volved in  the  greatest  confusion,  that  its 
pdaciplei  were  misapprehended,  and  that 
ita  doctrines  were  founded  in  absurdity  nnd 
conjecturr.  From  thi-c  chaos  and  durk- 
ness  he  determined  to  relieve  it.  Acrord- 
ingly,  be  commenced  a  diligent  scat  di  for 
all  the  frtcts  of  the  aeicnce;  hcstuilicd  the 
aucieut  fathers  of  physic,  and  made  hrm- 
self  master  of  the  literature  of  his  sub- 
ject, from  the  earliest  period  of  history ;  he 
collected  the  works  of  English  writers, 
and  he  undtirtook  the  study  of  French  and 
German,  in  order  that  he  might  read  those 
of  the  Continent.  At  that  time  be  devoted 
bis  whole  energies  to  the  subject,  and 
worked  for  about  sixteen  hours  n  dny.  He 
wa»  accustomed  to  rise  at  sii  in  thtj  morn- 
ings and  to  read,  with  but  little  iuteriup- 
tion.  until  twelve  at  night*  This  he  conti- 
nued to  do  for  several  years  j  and  had  he 
not  been  possessed  of  an  iron  constitution, 
of  great  physical  endurance^  and  of  a  most 
determined  purpose,  he  would  noquLstion- 
ably  have  sunk  undeT  it.  As  it  wag,  the 
closeness  of  his  ajip lien  tion  occasioned 
several  slight  attacks  of  epilepsy,  and  a 
frequent  determination  of  blood  to  the 
b««d.  After  a  short  lime,  he  began  to 
give  iectnres  ou  materia  mcdica,  as  well  as 
on  chemistry,  at  the  Dii»peo8ary« 

In  the  ytar  1832  be  married,  resigned 
liis  appointment  in  favour  of  his  brother, 
and  eomoienced  practice  as  a  surgeon  in 
Alderagate  Street,  In  tbe  year  following 
he  was  elected  to  the  Chair  of  Chemistry 
in  the  London  Hospital.  For  a  period  of 
six  years  he  kcturcd  botli  there  and  at  the 
new  medical  school  in  Aldersgate  ^treet 
on  three  subjects — namely,  on  Chemistry, 
Botany,  and  MateKa  Medica  ;  mid  during 
the  whole  of  each  winter  session  he  was 
accustomed  to  give  two  lectures  daily.  His 
lectures  on  materia  medica,  which  extended 
over  a  period  of  two  year?,  from  1935  to 
1 R37,  and  amounted  to  7 1  in  number,  were 
published  by  his  friend  Dr.  Cummin  in 
thi-  Into  Medical  Gaiettp.     There  cannot 

Gent.  Mac-.  Vol X XXIX* 


be  0  doubt  that  they  greatly  added  to  his 
reputation  ;  they  were  translated  into  the 
German,  and  republished  in  India.  In 
1839,  he  reproduced  them  in  another  form, 
vix.  in  hia  '*  Elements  on  Materia  Medica/' 
and  this  work  was  so  much  appreciated 
that  the  whole  of  tlie  first  part  was  bought 
up  long  before  the  second  was  ready  for 
delivery,  A  second  edition  was  therefore 
Immediately  called  for,  and  it  appeared  in 
the  year  1842.  Before  this  date,  however 
— viz.  in  1839— he  bad  been  chosen  Exa- 
miner in  Materia  Medica  in  the  Uoiversit)'^ 
of  London;  and  in  l^^U  be  bad  been 
elected  Aasiataint- Physician  to  the  London 
Hospital.  He  took  his  degree  of  M.D.  at 
Erlnngen  in  1840^  and  he  obtained  hts 
licence  at  the  College  of  Phyaicians  directly 
aften^ards.  About  the  same  time  he  was 
invited  by  some  of  the  authorities  of  St. 
Bartholomew's  Hospital  to  lecture  at  the 
ureilitjal  school  of  that  institution,  and  the 
arraugementa  for  his  so  doing  had  been 
almost  completed,  for  a  syllabus  of  the 
course  waa  actually  pubhshed  ;  but,  when 
it  waa  notified  to  him  that  he  wauld  be 
required  to  give  up  his  other  appointments, 
be  refused  to  relinc|uibh  bis  position  at  the 
T.ondon  Hospital,  at  which  institution  he 
had  experit^nced  great  kiodnwa.  He  im- 
meiliately  afterwards,  however,  gave  up  the 
Aldersgate  School, 

III  1842,  he  gave  two  abort  couraee  of 
lectures  at  the  roome  of  the  Pharmaceuti- 
cal Society,  and  in  the  year  following  he 
was  appointed  its  first  professor.  During 
that  year  he  published  **  A  Treatise  on 
Food  and  Diet,"  and  was  placed  on  the 
connfiil  of  the  Royal  Society,  of  which  be 
had  been  elected  aFellow  in  1838.  By  that 
time,  his  practice  as  a  jihysician  had  be- 
come rather  c?ttensif  e,  and,  as  it  was  rapid  ly 
increuijing,  be  determined  to  throw  aside 
his  more  scientific  pursuits.  Accordingly, 
in  !841,  he  resigneil  a  ]iart  of  the  course 
of  chemistry  at  the  Ijondun  Hospital  into 
the  hands  of  Dr.  Letheby  ;  in  1845  he 
gave  up  a  larger  portion  of  it ;  and  in  IS46 
he  relinquished  it  altogether.  He  conti- 
nued,  however^  to  let'ture  on  materia 
medica  at  both  the  hospital  and  the  Phar- 
maceutical Society,  and  there  is  no  reason 
for  believing  that  he  contemplated  any 
change  in  thi^s  matter  until  the  new  regu- 
lations of  the  Apothecaries*  Society  trans- 
ferred his  course  to  the  summer  session. 
This  arrangement  interfered  with  his  usual 
habits,  and  also  with  his  ideas  of  the  im- 
portance of  the  subject,  and  consequently, 
in  1850,  he  resigned  his  lectureship  at  the 
hospital,  though  he  still  continued  to  deli- 
ver a  winter  course  at  the  Pharmaceutical 
Society.  In  1845  he  was  elected  a  Felbw 
of  the  College  of  Physicians,  and  in  1851 
he  became  a  full  physician  at  the  Londuu 
2T 


3^2 


Obituary. —  William  Chadwick,  Esq. 


[March, 


Hospital.  He  had  now  reached  the  sum- 
mit of  his  ambition  :  his  reputntion  as  an 
author  was  established,  and  the  rewards  of 
industry  were  falling  thick  about  him.  He 
was  a  fellow  of  many  scientific  societies  ; 
be  was  in  constant  communication  with  the 
learned  of  all  countries  ;  he  was  intimately 
connected  with  many  of  the  greatest  insti- 
tutions of  the  metropolis,  and  was,  in  fact, 
their  brightest  ornament ;  he  had  collected 
around  him  a  large  circle  of  friends  and 
admirers,  and  he  saw  before  him  the  pro- 
spect of  wealth  and  happiness.  In  the 
midst  of  all  this,  however,  he  was  stricken 
down,  and  that  so  suddenly,  that  he  had 
hardly  time  to  take  leave  of  those  who 
were  about  him. 

While  referring  some  six  weeks  before 
his  death  to  a  specimen  in  the  museum  of 
the  College  of  Surgeons,  he  had  the  mis- 
fortune, by  a  fall  on  the  staircase,  to  rup- 
ture one  of  the  extensor  muscles  of  the 
thigh.  Though  unable  to  move  about  with- 
out assistance,  he  was  scarcely  affected  in 
health  by  the  accident,  and  it  appeared  to 
be  comparatively  of  little  moment ;  but  on 
the  night  of  Thursday  the  20th  Jan.  upon 
being  lifted  into  bed,  the  patient  suddenly 
raised  himself,  exclaiming,  "  I  have  rup- 
tured a  vessel  of  the  heart,"  and  died  in 
half  an  hour.  His  body  was  buried  at  the 
cemetery  of  Kensal  Green,  in  the  presence 
of  a  large  number  of  his  pupils. 

A  retrospect  of  the  labours  of  this  dis- 
tinguished physician  will  show  that  he  was 
a  man  of  no  ordinary  capacity.  He  had 
an  unquenchable  thirst  for  knowledge,  an 
indefatigable  spirit,  unbounded  industry, 
and  a  determination  of  purpose  that  was 
irresistible.  Whatsoever  he  did  he  did 
well,  and  he  therefore  made  his  perform- 
ances as  valuable  to  others  as  they  were 
creditable  to  himself.  The  great  pecu- 
liarity of  his  works  is,  that  he  aimed  more 
at  bringing  within  our  reach  the  treasures 
of  other  men's  minds,  than  of  exposing 
those  of  his  own.  He  has,  indeed,  been 
charged  with  a  want  of  originality,  and, 
most  certainly,  if  we  estimate  him  by  the 
value  of  his  own  independent  researches, 
he  is  open  to  such  a  charge  ;  but  it  must 
also  be  admitted  that  it  is  an  equally  use- 
ful element  of  the  human  luind,  that  fa- 
culty which  urges  men  to  gather  up  the 
scattered  facts  of  science,  and  to  mould 
them  into  a  shape  that  may  be  made  avail- 
able to  all. 

Dr.  Pereira  was  an  early  riser,  of  quick 
business  habits,  and  remarkable  for  his 
promptness  and  rapidity  of  action.  He 
manifested  great  willingness  at  all  times 
to  impart  to  others  the  knowledge  he  him- 
self  possessed ;  and  he  was  in  the  habit  of 
corresponding  fully  on  subjects  on  which 
his  opinioDi  were  solicited.    The  smallest 


favour  that  contributed  to  his  researches 
was  always  gratefully  acknowledged ;  and 
whether  it  proved  to  be  insignificant  or  of 
value,  the  intention  was  alike  prized.  Dr. 
Pereira  was  reckoned  by  pharmacologists 
both  at  home  and  abroad  to  be  pre-emi- 
nent in  his  science,  and  he  was  equally 
beloved  by  all.  He  was  a  man  of  large 
and  powerful  stature,  and  of  pleasing  ex- 
pression of  countenance. 

Dr.  Pereira  was  occupied  in  completing 
the  third  edition  of  his  *'  Materia  Medica" 
at  the  time  of  his  decease.  The  first  volume 
was  published  in  1849,  and  in  1850,  owing 
to  the  length  to  which  the  work  had  al- 
ready extended,  the  author  determined  upon 
publishing  a  portion  only  of  the  Second 
Volume,  the  remainder  of  which  remains 
to  be  printed.  It  has  been  translated  into 
German,  and  is  universally  allowed  to  be 
the  best  and  most  trustworthy  book  on 
medicinal  substances  that  has  been  written. 


William  Chadwick,  Esq. 

Jan,  8.  Of  apoplexy,  in  his  56th  year, 
William  Chadwick,  esq. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  Mr.  John 
Chadwick,  of  Pentonville,  who  for  many 
years  carried  on  a  respectable  trade  as  a 
statuary  and  mason ;  and  who  attained  a 
high  standing  both  in  reference  to  bis 
business  and  society,  until  his  decease, 
which  occurred  in  1821.  Mr.  William 
Chadwick  continued  under  the  care  and 
superintendence  of  his  father  until  the  year 
1818,  by  which  time  he  had  acquired  a 
thorough  practical  knowledge  of  his  trade. 
He  afterwards  entered  into  business  on  his 
own  account,  in  South wark,  where  he  con- 
tinued for  some  years.  Mr.  Chadwick*s 
first  public  undertaking  was  the  re-build- 
ing of  the  pinnacles  of  St  Saviour's 
Church.  He  was  subsequently  employed 
in  the  restoration  of  the  tower  of  that  an- 
cient  edifice,  under  the  superintendence, 
and  much  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  ar- 
chitect, George  Gwilt,  esq.  Mr.  Chad- 
wick wa:>  also  engaged  under  the  same 
architect  to  construct  the  spire  of  Bow 
Church,  in  Cheapside— a  somewhat  diffi- 
cult  and  hazardous  task,  though  completed 
under  his  personal  superintendence  before 
he  had  attained  his  twenty-third  year.  His 
next  public  work  was  the  building  of  St. 
Peter's  Church,  Newington,  under  the 
direction  of  Sir  John  Soaue,  who  was  so 
much  satisfied,  that  he  introduced  Mr. 
Chadwick  to  the  Board  of  Works,  and  he 
was  employed  at  the  Board  of  Trade  and 
Council  Office,  at  Whitehall ;  St.  Kathe- 
rine's  Hospital,  in  the  Regent's  Park; 
Clarence  House,  St.  James's ;  and  other 
edificL'S  of  importance. 

Mr.  Chadwick  likewise  undertook  on 
his  own  account  buildings  to  a  conrider- 


1853.J 


Obitiiary, —  William  Chadmck,  Eiq. 


323 


able  extont,  particularly  tboiie  connected 

\  with  the  approaches  to  new  London  BKdge, 

tinder  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  Lod> 

I  don,  a  Urge  portion  of  which  he  retaioed 

Viti  his  ovm  posaesaioo. 

After    completing    these    works,    Mr. 

Chadfvick^H  attention  was  drawn  to  raiJ- 

f  way  works,  from  the  clrcnmstance  of  hi* 

I  heing  called  in,  profeasioiiaUyf  to  advise 

I  in  reference  to  Mome  dtfticult  points  on  one 

of  our  niO0t  tniportaot  liaes  of  railway. 

From  that  time  he  was  induced  to  direct 

i  his    atteatioo   more   particularly   to    the 

\  wneoce   of  railway   engineering  :   and  he 

I  ulttmstely  undertook  the  erection  of  some 

I  of  the  most  important  bridge*^  un  the  Great 

I  Western  tine,  and  also  works  lo  a  consi- 

I  derahle  extent  on  the  Brittol  and  Exeter 

Railway.     He  wa*!  likewise  employed  in 

\  earrying  otit  the  line  of  rcdlway  from  Did- 

i  cot  to  Oxford.    This  last  line  he  com- 

'  pletcd  in  less  than  niaetnooths,  including 

Ltwo  hridgt*s  across  the  Thames  at  Applc- 

ford  and  Xewnbain. 

After  completing  the  works  from  Did- 
cot  to  Oxford,  in  1B44»  Mi*.  Chadwick  was 
in?ited  to  assist  in  promoting  a  lioe  of 
railway  from  London  to  Richmond^  which 
waa  brought  out  in  the  summer  of  that 
year,  la  a  prospectus  headed  hy  Sir  Wil- 
liam Ctay,  Bart,  and  Sir  George  Larpent, 
Bart,  (the  former  being  chairman  of  the 
company),  and  other  re«;pectable  names. 
In  consequence  of  the  active  part  taken 
hy  Mr.  Chadwick  in  the  management  of 
this  company,  and  bin  devotedness  to  its 
iaterests,   ho   was   elected    deputy -chair- 
man ;  and  succeeded  in  bringing  about  an 
arrangement  with  the  South  Western  Com- 
pany for  the  uae  of  the  portion  of  their 
line  between  Faleonbridge  and  the  statiCu 
at  Vauihall.  This  arrangement,  howeyer, 
not  meeting  the  views  of  the  chairman, 
[  who  iaattted  that  they  ought  to  carry  out 
aa  iodependent  line,  a  special  committee 
was  called  for  the  purpose  of  considering 
'  that  proposition,  and,  after  a  lengthened 
discussion,  it  was  decided  by  a  large  ma- 
i  jority  ia  favour  of  the  arrangemeat  of  the 
)  deputy-chairman  ;    upon  which   decision 
the   chairman  and   three  or  four  of  his 
friends  retired.     The  shares,  which  were 
then  at  par,  gradually  rose  ia  public  esti- 
xoatioD,  and  before  the  Act  was  obtained  had 
increased  to  double  their  original  value  ; 
^  and  after  the  retirement  of  Sir  Wm.  Clay 
)  and  his  friends,  Mr.  Chadwick  was  elected 
lo  succeed  to  the  chair.     The  Richmond 
.  Une  was  opened  for  traf5c  in  July,  1846 — 
f  imly  twelve  months  after  the  passing  of 
'  the  Bill,  and  very  shortly  after  it  was  pur- 
I  chased  by  the  Souih-Western  Company, 
at   the  handsome   premium  of  iO/>    per 
thare  on  l^i,  paid.     The  committee  of  the 
KlcJunond  Company,  sensible  of  the  ad- 


vantage they  had  derived  from  the  activity 
and  foresight  of  their  chairman,  in  bring- 
ing these  arrangementji  to  maturity,  com- 
menced a  subscription,  with  the  view  of 
presenting  him  with  some  testimonial  of 
their  esteem  and  gratitude,  and  the  idea 
was  promptly  and  handsomely  responded 
to  by  the  general  body  of  proprietors. 

Having  retired  from  private  business, 
Mr,  Chadwick  devoted  the  whole  of  his 
time  and  eaergies  to  railway  matters.  In 
the  year  1845  he  was  elected  deputy- 
chairman  of  the  Staines  and  Richmond 
Railway  Company,  which  project  he  per- 
se veringly  promoted  during  two  Sessioni 
of  Parliament »  though,  from  the  strong 
opposition  set  up  by  the  Great  Western 
Company,  the  project  failed  of  success. 
Mr.  Chadwick  then  recommended  a  union 
of  tnterestfi  with  other  companies,  which 
resulted  in  the  formation  pf  a  committee, 
compo^d  partly  of  gentlemen  from  the 
Staines  and  Richmood,  the  Windsor  and 
Staines,  and  the  South  Western  Com- 
panies. The  chairman  was  chosen  from 
the  parent  company,  and  Mr.  Chadwick 
was  elected  deputy-chairmao.  By  the 
united  eflbrts  of  these  companies,  this 
line,  now  constituted  the  "^Windsor, 
Staioes,  and  South- Western  Railway,*' 
was  carried  tlirough  Parliament,  not  with* 
standing  the  renewed  and  most  deter- 
mined opposition  of  that  powerfiil  com- 
pany the  Great  Western.  The  great  jndg- 
ment,  intelligence,  and  ability  which  Mr. 
Chadwick  displayed  in  conducting  matters 
to  so  successful  an  issue,  gave  the  highest 
satisfaction  to  all  the  parties  interested. 

It  would  far  exceed  the  limits  of  the 
present  sketch  to  attempt  any  narrative  of 
the  railway  transactions  in  wiiich  Mr. 
Chadwick  suhsequently  embarked  his  whole 
fortune,  and  which,  h  is  believed  by  those 
who  were  intimately  acquainted  with  his 
private  affairs,  he  lost  by  stock-jubbing 
conapiraclra.  He  went  abroad,  as  ia  well 
knowo,  in  order  to  save  his  6o%6.  Jide  cre^ 
ditors  from  beiug  engulpfaed  hy  his  rail- 
way liabilities.  In  this  he  succeeded,  and 
paid  every  creditor  twenty  shillings  in  the 
pound. 

The  extraordiaary  depression  of  the 
value  of  much  of  his  railway  property  is 
shown  by  the  fact,  that,  in  respect  of  one 
railway  company,  Mr.  Chadwick  was, 
when  he  went  abroad,  liable  to  an  amount 
exceeding  60,000/. ;  yet,  so  great  a  change 
took  place  in  the  value  of  the  stock  within 
one  year,  that,  upon  his  return,  the  ba« 
lance  was  changed  considerably  in  his 
favour.  Shares  which  were  at  52  rose  to 
92.  A  detailed  account  of  his  reverses 
would  form  an  instructive  chapter  in  the 
history  of  human  action.  Many  whom  be 
lifted  from  obscurity  forgot  him  1     Hu/ 


M 


324   OeitlXJA^y.— H, P. Borrelly Esq.— Mr. F.W.N. Bayley.  [March, 


who  were  indebted  to  him  entirely  for  the 
position  they  then  and  now  hold,  have  re- 
viled  and  abused  him  !  On  the  occasion 
of  his  funeral  there  were  many  working 
men  around  his  grave  who  had  served  him 
for  five-and 'thirty  years,  who  deeply  and 
bitterly  felt  the  loss  of  a  friend,  unvarying 
in  kindness,  ever  ready  with  his  advice 
and  his  money  to  assist  others,  and  not  a 
mechanic  present  could  call  to  mind  an 
unkind  word  from  one  who  in  the  morn- 
ing was  his  employer  and  friend,  living 
and  in  good  health,  and  before  night  was 
a  corpse. — The  Railway  Record, 


H.  P.  BoRRELL,  Esq. 

Oct.  2,  1851.  At  Smyrna,  Mr.  H.  P. 
Borrell. 

This  gentleman  has  been  for  many 
years  well  known  to  all  the  students  of 
Greek  coins  throughout  Europe.  He  went 
from  London  to  Smyrna,  where  he  esta- 
blished himself  in  business  as  a  merchant, 
and  resided  for  the  long  period  of  thirty- 
three  years.  From  his  favourable  position, 
and  aided  by  his  own  knowledge  and  dili- 
gence, he  met  with  unusual  success  in  the 
discovery  of  inedited  Greek  coins :  which  he 
frequently  illustrated  in  papers  published 
in  the  Revue  Numismatique,  Mr.  Aker- 
man*s  Numismatic  Chronicle,  and  in 
various  German  periodicals  devoted  to 
numismatic  science.  His  only  distinct 
work  was  an  Essay  on  the  Coins  of 
Cyprus,  a  thin  quarto  volume,  published 
at  Paris  in  1836.  Mr.  Borrell  was  a 
Foreign  Associate  of  the  Numismatic 
Society  of  London,  from  whose  last  Re- 
port we  extract  these  particulars. 

Since  his  decease  his  collection  of  coins 
was  sold  during  last  year  by  Messrs.  So- 
theby  and  Wilkinson  in  London,  and 
subsequently  (on  the  26th  and  27th 
August)  his  antiquities,  gems,  &c. 


Mr.  F.  W.  N.  Bayley. 

Lately,  At  Birmingham,  of  bronchitis, 
aged  45,  Mr.  F.  W.  N.  Bayley. 

This  gentleman,  whose  christian  names 
are  not  attached  at  full  length  to  any  of 
his  publications  (and  who  was  sometimes 
styled  Alphabet  Bayley  from  the  number 
of  their  initials),  was  the  son  of  a  soldier 
who  served  during  the  whole  of  the  Penin- 
sular war,  and  at  Waterloo  ;  and  who  at 
Michaelmas  1835  was  ordered  on  service 
to  Barbados,  whither  his  son  accompanied 
him.  This  was  the  origin  of  Mr.  Bayley's 
first  work,  entitled  "  Four  Years'  Residence 
in  the  West  Indies.  1830,"  8vo.  a  volume 
in  which  a  complete  historical  and  descrip- 
tive account  of  those  colonies  is  attempted, 
but  in  a  light  and  superficial  style.    He 


left  Grenada  to  return  to  England  in 
May  1829,  leaving  his  father  in  garrison 
there.  Some  lines  written  on  his  *'  De- 
parture from  Grenada"  were  the  first 
verses  he  wrote  ;  and  the  facility  with 
which  he  accomplished  them  seems  to  have 
led  to  his  indulging  in  repeated  exercises 
of  versification,  principally  songs,  which 
found  perhaps  a  more  ready  acceptance 
from  certain  publishers  in  consequence  of 
the  popularity  of  his  namesake  Mr.  Haynes 
Bayley. 

More  than  twenty  years  ago  Mr.  F.  W. 
N.  Bayley  was  the  editor  of  a  cheap  pe- 
riodical called  **  The  Omnibus,"  which 
had  for  a  time  considerable  success.  He 
was  connected  in  turn  with  many  of  the 
London  newspapers ,  and  was  the  first  editor 
of  the  Illustrated  London  News. 

Among  his  later  productions  were, — 

ITie  New  Tale  of  a  Tub  ;  an  adventure 
in  verse,  with  illustrations.  1841.'  fol. 

The  same,  1847,  16mo. 

Little  Red  Riding  Hood,  with  illustra- 
tions, humorous  and  numerous.     16mo. 

Blue  Beard.     12mo. 

Poetry  to  Ferrard's  Humming -Bird 
Keepsake,  1852.     4to. 

Like  many  other  men  of  his  class,  Mr. 
Bayley's  habits  were  not  so  provident  as 
his  best  friends  could  have  wished.  His 
body  was  interred  in  the  cemetery  at  Bir- 
mingham. 

Mr.  Robert  Forrest,  Sculptor. 

Dec.  29.  At  Edinburgh,  after  six  weeks* 
illness,  in  his  63d  year,  Mr.  Robert  For- 
rest, sculptor. 

Mr.  Forrest  was  a  native  of  Carluke, 
Lanarkshire.  He  was  entirely  a  self-taught 
artist,  and  was  bred  as  a  stone-mason  in 
the  quarries  of  Clydesdale.  His  first  public 
work  was  the  statue  of  Wallace,  which  oc- 
cupies a  niche  in  the  steeple  of  Lanark 
parish  church,  and  was  erected  in  1817. 
He  was  subsequently  employed  to  cut  the 
colossal  figure  of  the  first  Viscount  Mel- 
ville, which  surmounts  the  pillar  in  the 
centre  of  St.  Andrew's-square  at  Edin- 
burgh ;  and  he  was  also  the  sculptor  of 
the  well-known  statue  of  John  Knox  in 
the  Necropolis  of  Glasgow.  One  of  his 
most  admired  efforts  is  the  statue  erected 
in  1843  to  the  late  Mr.  Ferguson,  of  Raith, 
at  Haddington.  In  1832  Mr.  Forrest 
opened  his  public  exhibition  of  statuary 
on  the  Calton-hill  at  Edinburgh,  with  four 
equestrian  statues,  under  the  patronage  of 
a  Royal  Association  of  Contributors  to 
the  National  Monument.  In  progress  of 
time  the  gallery  was  extended  to  about 
thirty  groups,  all  executed  by  the  inde- 
fatigable sculptor  himself,  and  the  statuary 
soon  took  its  place  as  one  of  the  most 
popular  exhibitions  in  the  Scotish  metro- 


fuiTUARY* — Mr.  /?.  Frn'resU — Mr.  J,  Jem 


3£3 


I 


I 


I 


(volis.  Mr.  Forrefti*»  figures  all  display 
remarkable  boldn&ss  of  attitade,  great  ac- 
curacy of  proporttODi  and  mmute  attentiou 
to  detail.  Several  of  tbe  Unest  of  them 
are  strikiagly  original  in  tfaek  design.  In 
private  life  Mr.  Forrest  was  tiighly  es- 
teemed, but  bis  retiring,  modest  disposition 
probably  did  injiistice  to  bis  public  claim*). 
— Edinburgh  Caurant* 


Ma.  Josh  PA  Jekour. 

Jan.  23.  At  Graveaend,  in  hh  I0*ind 
year,  Mr.  Joshaa  Jeuour. 

The  history  of  Mr,  Jen  our  and  his 
family  is  matter  of  some  literary  curioBlty. 

tin  a  '*  List  of  all  the  Printiu|^  Offices  in 
London,*"  formed  by  Samuel  Negus  in 
17^4^  occurs,  "  Matthew  Jenaur,  Giltupyr 
Street,  printer  of  the  Flying  Post/'  a 
papei  that  appeared  three  times  a  w^eek. 

He  married  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Suniuel 
Harding,  a  bookseller  in  St.  Martin's 
Linei^  who  died  Jan.  18,  1*55,  and  by 
this  marriage  acquired  the  property  of 
"The  Daily  Advertiser,'^  and  which  for 

I  many  years  stood  at  the  head  of  all  the 
diurnal  publications.  As  a  property  it 
waA  con?iidered  to  be  m  permanent  as  a 
freehold  eatate,  shares  having  heen  fre- 

ti|ueutly  sold  by  auction  as  regularly  as 
those  of  the  New  River,  or  aiiy  other 
public  oompaity.  It  however  received  its 
death-blow  Feb.  8j  1791,  by  the  appear- 
ance of  the  Publicans'  "  Morning  Adver- 
tiser." The  Iftst  number  of  the  '•  Daily 
Adfertiser*'  wfis  published  Sept.  8,  179B; 
ibO  that  it  lingered  about  four  years,  and 
then  either  expired  altogether,  or  was 
joined  to  some  other  daily  paper,  Mr* 
Matthew  Jeuour  wad  a  very  respectable 
character  ;  and  the  **  Daily  Advertiser  " 
enriched  both  him  ajid  his  family. 

A  secoud  Mutthew  Jen  our,  son  of  the 
preceding,  continued  the  *'  Daily  Adver- 
tiser "  with  great  iuccess ;  was  master  of 
the  Stationers'  Compaiiy  in  1769,  and  died 
in  l7Bb\  Hi$  youngest  brother  and  partner, 
Mr.  Joshua  Jenour,  was  Master  of  the 
Company  in  1772,  and  died  in  1774. 

The  late  Mr.  Joshua  Jenour  was,  wc 
presume,  the  son  of  the  latter  gentlemau. 
He  was  born  io  Seijeatit^i  Inn,  Pleet- 
utreet,  m  the  year  I752|  and  lived  to  be 
by  very  far  the  '^oldest  member  of  the 
Company  of  Stationers,  having  taken  up 
his  livery  io  1776. 

He  waai  a  voluminous  though  obscure 
author.  His  works  were  usually,  perhaps 
always,  anoaymouSi  Hts  lirst  publica- 
tion was  "The  Park,  a  Poem/*  printed 
io  long  since  as  the  year  1778.  Uc  also 
wrote  "  The  Wife  Chase,  a  monitory 
Poem  ;  "    **  Marriage,    a    precnutionary 


Tale ;  ♦*  **  Horrible  Revenge,  a  Tale  •,  **  aud 
another  tale  entitled  **  The  Weight  of  a 
I*eather,  and  the  Value  of  Five  Minutes/' 
Sorai'times  he  tried  hh  band  in  pamph- 
lets, of  which  some  were  a.*  follows: — 

Observations  on  the  Taxation  of  Pro- 
perty, 17 9B.     (Five  editions). 

A  Plan  for  meliorating  the  Condition 
of  the  Labouring  Poor. 

An  Exposition  of  the  Treatment  in 
Private  Madbouaes. 

The  Life  of  Junius  Brutus  Booth. 

Thoughts  on  Indecorum  at  Theatres* 

Vindication  of  the  Prince  Regent* 

Remarks  on  Sir  Arthur  Chirk*a  Essay 
on  Bathing,  1820. 

Hiuts  for  the  Recovery  and  Preserva- 
tion of  Health,  IB29. 

Horns  for  ever !  a  Procession  to  Black- 
heath. 

A  Trip  from  the  Moon  to  the  Eartb*s 
centre;  a  Satire,  1824. 

A  Pliin  for  the  Reform  of  Parliament, 

Translations  of  the  fourth,  eighth,  and 
tenth  iiatires  of  Boileau,  1827. 

John  Bull,  a  weekly  paper  of  essays 
written  conjointly  with  Mr,  Dickinson, 
the  continnator  of  Burn's  Justice. 

Observations  on  all  the  Plays  of  Shak- 
spere,  and  other  cssajra  in  the  Rochester 
Gazette. 


Mr.  John  Diiuency. 

Ma^  10,  IfiJi.  At  Lewes,  in  the  70th 
year  of  his  age.  Mr.  John  Dudeney. 

This  truly  excellent  man  was  descended 
from  a  lung  line  of  South  Down  Hhep- 
herds,  and  passed  his  early  life  in  the 
same  pursuit.  His  parents,  though  re- 
spectable for  their  jiUtion  in  life,  couid 
not  afford  him  any  means  of  education 
beyond  those  otfered  by  a  damc'a  school 
at 'Plumpton.  His  preceptress  waa  the 
wife  of  a  peasant  named  MascaU,  who 
lived  io  the  old  moated  edifice  called 
Plumpton  Place,  the  residence,  some  two 
centuries  earlier,  of  a  family  of  the  same 
name,  ooc  of  whom,  Leonard  MascaU,  ia 
reputed  to  have  introduced  carp  into  Eng- 
kntl.  His  chief  accomplishment  in  this 
eslabltabment,  as  be  was  accustomed  in 
after-life  to  say,  was  his  learning  to  drive 
his  mistreaa^s  ducks  into  the  moat;  and 
his  Diother,  fearful  lest  he  might  one  day 
become  food  for  the  carp,  removed  bim 
from  school,  and  beraelf  undertook  the 
duty  of  teaching  bim  to  read.  This,  with 
the  exception  of  a  little  writing,  and  the 
lirst  two  rules  of  arithmetic,  taught  him 
by  bis  fathcri  constituted  the  whole  of  bis 
juvenile  education,  and  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age  before  he  knew  the  multipli- 
cation table.  At  eight  years  old  he  joined 
his  father  in  attending  the  Hock,  and  in 


326 


Obituary. — Mr,  John  Dudeney, 


[March, 


such  minor  occupations  of  husbandry  as 
he  was  capable  of.  With  all  these  dis- 
advantages he  acquired  a  fondness  for 
reading  books  of  history  and  geography. 
He  also  became  a  close  observer  of  nature, 
and,  with  all  the  zeal  of  a  Gilbert  White, 
watched  the  habits  of  the  quadrupeds  and 
birds  of  his  native  downs.  That  beauti- 
ful  little  bird,  the  wheatear,  was  his  es> 
pecial  favourite,  and,  almost  half  a  century 
after  his  shepherd's  life  had  terminated, 
he  committed  to  writing  some  notes  re- 
specting it,  with  a  view  to  publication. 

At  sixteen  young  Dudeney  left  the  pa- 
rental roof,  and  commenced  life  on  his 
own  account.  For  some  years  he  pursued 
the  occupation  of  his  ancestors,  and  during 
that  time,  ever  intent  upon  the  cultivation 
of  his  mind,  he  devoted  all  that  he  could 
spare  from  his  scanty  earnings  to  the  pur- 
chase of  books.  With  little  or  no  assist- 
ance  besides  what  he  gleaned  from  these, 
he  made  himself  acquainted  with  arith- 
metic, geometry,  and  the  rudiments  of 
French  and  astronomy.  In  an  autobio- 
graphical memoir  published  in  the  Sussex 
Archaeological  Collections  for  1849,  he 
gives  an  interesting  sketch  of  the  mode  in 
which,  without  neglecting  his  flock,  he 
contrived  to  pursue  studies  so  much 
beyond  the  ordinary  scope  of  a  peasant's 
ambition,  during  the  snows  of  winter  and 
the  sunshine  of  summer.  The  green  turf 
formed  the  table  upon  which  to  work  his 
mathematical  problems,  and  a  hole  dug  in 
the  chalk  among  the  heath,  and  covered 
with  a  broad  flint,  served  as  a  receptacle 
for  his  library.  '*  For  more  than  thirty 
years,"  he  says,  "  the  place  where  the 
hole  had  been  was  to  be  seen,  and  I  have 
several  times  gone  a  little  out  of  my  road 
to  visit  it,  and  offer  up  my  thanks  to  that 
gracious  Providence  who  has  so  dire<;ted 
my  way ;  but  within  these  last  few  years 
the  plough  has  passed  over  it,  and  I  can 
no  longer  find  the  exact  spot.''  This  was 
at  Kingston,  near  Lewes.  In  due  time  he 
was  promoted  to  the  post  of  head  shep- 
herd, on  a  farm  in  his  native  parish  of 
Rottingdean,  and  there,  through  the 
friendly  notice  and  aid  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Hooker,  his  facilities  for  improvemeut 
were  greatly  increased. 

In  1809  Mr.  Dudeney  obtained  more 
congenial  employment  in  the  printing 
office  of  Mr.  Baxter  at  Lewes,  which  he 
ultimately  abandoned  for  the  arduous 
duties  of  a  schoolmaster.  In  this  occu- 
pation he  continued  sedulously  to  labour 
until  within  a  few  weeks  of  bis  decease. 
*'  Many  hundreds  of  persons  owe  to  him 
all  the  education  they  ever  received,  and 
his  name  will  be  held  in  high  esteem  for 
long  years  to  come,  not  only  by  them,  but 


by  all  who  had  an  opportunity  of  knowing 
his  thorough  kindliness  of  heart,  hit  lim- 
plicity  of  manners,  his  general  intelligenoe, 
and  his  unaffected  piety."  (Lower's  Hand- 
book for  Lewes,  1852,  p.  84).  Mr.  Dude- 
ney was  one  of  the  founders  of  a  philo- 
sophical society  formed  in  the  town,  and 
subsequently  of  the  Mechanics*  Institu- 
tion, where  he  frequently  delivered  lec- 
tures on  his  favourite  science  of  astronomy. 
He  was  for  many  years  inspector  of  the 
Lewes  library,  and  during  that  time  proba- 
bly one  of  the  most  *•  constant  readers  " 
of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  which  that 
veteran  periodical  ever  bad.  He  enjoyed 
for  many  years  the  friendship  of  several 
gentlemen,  residents  of  Lewes,  who  were 
distinguished  for  their  scientific  and  lite- 
rary attainments,  particularly  Dr.  Gideon 
Mantell,  the  Rev.  T.  W.  Horsfield,  F.S.A. 
(the  historian  of  Lewes  and  of  Sussex), 
and  J.  W.  Woollgar,  esq.  with  whom  he 
was  frequently  associated  in  mathematicai 
and  astronomical  studies  and  observatioiiB. 
In  his  conversation  he  retained  somewhat 
of  the  broad  pronunciation  of  the  Sussex 
peasantry,  partly  from  early  habit,  bat 
principally  because  he  thought  it  more 
correct  than  the  refinements  of  modem 
orthoepy.  His  religious  views  were  thoie 
entertained  by  the  Wesleyan  body,  of 
which  he  was,  for  a  great  number  of  years, 
a  firm  supporter  and  a  consistent  member. 
This  aspect  of  his  character  might  well  be 
expressed  in  the  words  once  employed  by 
the  highest  authority  towards  a  disciple, 
*'  An  Israelite  indeed  in  whom  there  is 
no  guile." 

Mr.  Dudeney  left  behind  him  a  few 
papers,  principally  a  diary,  and  some 
notes  and  reflections  on  religious  subjects. 
He  was  a  great  admirer  of  the  South 
Downs,  the  scene  of  his  early  labours, 
both  bodily  and  intellectual,  and  possessed 
a  rich  fund  of  traditional  and  legendary 
lore  and  anecdote  respecting  them,  which 
it  is  to  be  regretted  he  did  not  commit 
(except  in  a  very  partial  manner)  to  the 
safe  custody  of  manuscript  or  print.  He 
was  fond  of  antiquarian  studies,  and  one 
of  the  earliest  members  of  the  Sussex 
Archaeological  Society,  in  the  success  of 
which  he  took  a  lively  interest. 

Mr.  Dudeney's  health  had  been  de- 
clining for  some  years,  although  he  con- 
tinued to  exercise  his  laborious  vocation 
till  within  a  short  time  of  his  decease. 
His  body  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of 
St  John-Bub-Castro,  at  Lewes,  and  many 
respectable  inhabitants  of  the  town  paid 
him  a  last  testimonial  of  affectionate  re- 
spect by  attending  his  remains  to  the 
grave. 


issa.] 


Clergif  D€ceaBed^ 


827 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

S*i>t.  3d.  At  rammattii*  New  Soutii  Wiles^a^J 
aa,  the  Rev.  Wmimi  II.  Oarey^  ^nutdtdn  oftlic 
UU  Rev.  Dr.  Carey 

JS^H.  3a.  TTifi  Ri'v.  y.  A.  Shunumt  of  tho  B«- 
n«re*  luUuiwi. 

AVw.  31.  At  Gatwlieatl  F&U,  near  Kewc^Atle' 
upon-Tyne,  thc^  Ki»v,  Rirhmsi  CoO^LBim^  11,  A.  Pviii. 
Curate  of  r  r    •"    r hnin  (11*36), 

-ftpf.  6.      .  ,  Tarlcton,  Ljmic,  juject 

'i7,  tlie  fiev  r,  Curate  of  tluit  prnisb. 

Dinr.  9.  iiu..  ii*^  .^  A.Mo&r*^  M.A,  Hoctflr  of 
Walpole  St.  Feter**,  Norfolk,  He  *li«d  by  hit  own 
hutfl  {  and  hta  left  u  widow,  rw9  scfu,  nnd  ont? 
dftQg)iter. 

D«e,  10.  At  BAJj]tbarp«,  Noriblk,  jwr^l  S3,  Uie 
lUsr.  JaA«  Robert  Pi^got,  Rector  of  AshwelUdnriK} 
with  Wrcnlnghttm  iu  tliat  county  (ISIA).  Uc  wak 
of  EmDuniiiarcoUciM,  Ottmtiridge,  b.A.  JBVO. 

i>er.  IL  At  Bftflcy,  Hert«.  tbo  Rav.  J^\  Jf 
CartKntt  of  Klti^^a  coU<ig«,  Loudon,  Cuatu   uf 

Ak.  iiii.    At  Woodhooae  Em\^^  Lck.  a^  411, 
.,.      i.  ,      f^r,^^    Tr*/J^«m  tJloif,  Pexp.  Cunite  of 
iiid  WoodboQM  £av«i,an  Cbaniwood 
I  if  Ujijor  Closet  R-  Art.  and  B«pbew  to 
..:--.-.    a  ,  .vada  Close,  Vf i ■" -  - -•' '" *■  ■•  ^ rcnJiam.    Ho 
s  ••<  'I  (^lOf'D'A  ooUen,  C  I  A.  1B39,  and 

Mj^   lU'CitiiUrtllo  tC«  «f'  ii«p«Wto  iu 

.fiwe.  «0.  41  CbJltiMt*  SutfoilE,  a^ied  j^O,  the  Bev. 
WaUam  Cogtt  Fr^^omd^  Reotaiir  of  that    p«riAti 

(lt>a8>.  Ht»  wa»  th*-  '  .■'— ^-^  -nn  of  tho  late  Rev. 
Johti  Kreelaud,  K  a- ton  in  the  tame 

county ;  and  wai^  ^^x  coUoge,  C&tub. 

BJi.  IHIA 

At  A^kcw  Mir«,  CaldLiock,  Cumberland,  aged 
4ft»  Uie  Rer.  /«Art  /fa«vjr.  Vicar  of  Allendale. 
Ndrtbumbcrland  (1^43).  Ifc  waf  of  Clare  baU, 
CVBbfid«»,  a.A.  1»34. 

Dte.  tl.  Aj{«i  §3,  the  R«v.  P^Uf  Olubb,  R«otor 
of  Clanaboroqgb  (1H37)  and  of  LltU«  TonioffUtn 
(18^)  DoToo,  uid  the  oldest  magtetrste  for  that 
ooitnty.    He  waa  of  Eitter  coll.  Oxford^  BJL.  1197. 

At  *^  ■ 1?  ^t,  PetuT,  Norfolk,  aged  S6,  thy 

Rev    '  V  tear  of  that  parinb  f  it»S7)  and  uf 

WlK't.  ,  nf  ( lS3f>j.  both  in  the  jflft  of  lh<^ 

Lortf 

i*r.  :;-u''  M  ,  .'...■'•■'  tiiy  Rev,  nw- 

mii# ;  I  Vs        I  -{oil.  Oxford* 


1  87, 
Ht 

kew* 
<iau. 


IU  Norfolk,  lured  63.  Ui«  Rev. 


in  l»43.    Ili5  Utird  «oo,  £4wiir<l-F«wc«tt,  li  ta  botr 

life.  21.  The  Bcr,  Aitrandtt  Hnrii,  Rectar  of 
OutleUbiyney.  He  had  for  forty  year»  ex(*rcii«d 
bia  mloI*tr>-  with  zeal  nnd  fffldPUiV  In  the  diocow 
ofClofher;  first,  m  Perji.  Curatt*  of  Lifmaakea, 
from  whence  hn  wai  prninoted  Ui  tlio  (Nui^of 
Drumaxkat,  aud  thence  to  the  iiui^Lrtant  iiartali  of 
Cutleblayney. 

Ztec.  S9.  At  Redding,  ased  SR,  the  Rcr.  Kathankt 
Fltichrr,  of  Leo  House,  Hants. 

Jki\2\,  At  Davememiiu.  NautineU  Radnor- 
shire,  Agtid  2ti,  the  Rev,  Jt^^rj^A  Taw^^ift,  late 
Curate  of  Hallwyd,  ilontgotnervahlre. 

Jan.  \.  At  Stafford,  o^ed  SD,  the  fiev.  T,  Th»- 
domuM,  Hector  of  Burwartnfr,  S.il^qi  ns*!)). 

/(in.  4«    Atthereatdi^ii        '  her,£dw«rd 

Uatc«,  c«;.  Easexdodge,  ixl,  Middle- 

•c*.  a««d  63,  the  Heir,  t  A  .^/«,  Vicar  of 

Caatleton ,  Derbyahlre  ( 1  s l h ? .  n ,  hub  of  Cbritt's 
colk'tje*  Cambridge,  B.A.  1^13,  ALA*  lh\^. 

At  Cheittinh«rn.  thf  Rev.  fArrr?<»f  ffffrrrff  Coolxi, 
llu  wa*  th'  '  '  r,  Rev, 

Tbomaa  C^  :    Not- 

grone,  Oloi.  i  ,Jolm 

Denbaiu,  tfsi|.  hi  v^emn^;,  tteuc  nc  \', a?  oi  rum- 
broke  coll.  Oxford.  li.A,  1810,  M.A.  i«l3,  Hd 
tnarriecl  In  IB  18  Hary-Anne,  daughter  of  Tliomai 
Hayes,  cMq.  of  Bath. 

Jaft,  €.  At  BuxUeiffh  Salterton,  Devon,  aged  3&. 
the  Kev.  CTutrtet  Levii  IMirt,  Jt.A.  ioii  of  JoBeph 
Dart,  c-wi.  of  that  place.  He  wa*  of  Exetor  «rtL 
Oxford,  BJk.  184S. 

/(cm.  9.    At  bi«  fttaidonce  in  Batb,  s^^d  M,  tbe 


w  of 

w  tho 

"itwlor 

.  An- 

Fel- 

.     ,.  ir-    hi! 
M  A,  i;-., 


viMji;?!, 


Bcv.    William  Fbifter   fl 
King's  I'oiletfcCambrifjL 

Jan.  10.  At  Acton, 
Rev.  fl^/fia«*  Antrobu*, 
of  that  pariib,  and  for  tii 
drew  Undershaft,  Londi 
low  of  St.  Joim'i  coHe^ 
graduated  fi.A.  ^fia,a^ 
nJ>.  1799  ;  and  waa  CIm 
who  coUatod  him  to  botii  ci 

Jan.  11.  AtAIby,  Norfolk ,  aged  53,  the  Eer. 
Savunt  Hust  Hector  of  that  }inri*h  (11^43)  and 
V<^iciir  of  Horsey  (182r.).    f  ^-t  .JohnS  col- 

lege, OfunbridfO,  B.A.  I  -  >. 

Jan,  18,    Near  Narti.  Rev.  AiO' 

tmder  iJmrTf  JSmaQ,  DU^^  . .  m.^,,  it  Emmaatiel 
eolkwe,  Oambrldgti,  and  a  Cbuplain  in  bir  If^ea- 
ty'sNaTy.  He  graduattnl  R.A,  U2h,  M.A.  Jli2d, 
B,D.  Ift3d. 

Jar..  13.  The  Rev,  Bm^ty  WMtim  DoQiHtj,  ILA. 
Pretrentor  of  Dromorv  and  Rector  of  Matfliarailn. 

Jm,  ii.  AiLowton,  Lftuc«»fi-  --'  '^i.  the 
Rev.  John  PenmnQton,  Itector  en  *  i  ^OC). 

He  waa  of  St,  Cfltharine'n  hui  ,  »nd 

ffrarloated  B.A*  1793  a^  6lh  (Jwii.L  ,.,'i'"" 

Jan.  !(!.  Tho  Rev.  if^nrp  Attt%Hisnt(f,  Pen^. 
*- urate  of  AUcrton  Mattleverer  and  of  HTilxIey. 

Lurof  tltat 
'♦•">!leg», 

lync, 
'->'*)'*♦ 

Rmv.  Akf«i'- 


'  1  Hi  Tiitttuaa  Hutvejr,  eMj.  of  Ciaitritn, 

\l    ^-irulCfr..l■.r^n-lrl*^-»ll(l     VniJ*     A^ed 

Mf"  Of 

rint** 

,1  TiHfuuu,  heciof  til  KilybebtU 
Cuntr  of  Uangwick  (mail). 


c««4*oU,HMury-l^a*%Mtt.  U«ul.R.N.di#llnCbh>rt  Jim,  AL     Jki  WUcot,  MftT  Batlt,  agfd  74t  Ibe 


ifli^ 


328 


Obituary. 


[Marchy 


Rev.  James  Pecas,  Rector  of  Charlecombe  and 
Head  Master  of  the  Grammar  School  at  Bath. 
He  was  a  native  of  Oxford,  and  a  member  of  St. 
Mary  hall  in  that  university;  where  he  took  the 
degree  of  B.C.L.  1810.  He  Mras  for  some  time 
classical  master  in  the  military  college  at  Mar- 
low  (since  removed  to  Sandhurst),  and  he  edu- 
cated all  the  sons  of  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  to  whom 
he  was  a  chaplain.  In  1823  he  became  Master  of 
the  Grammar  School  at  Bath,  which  had  fallen 
into  such  disuetude  that  he  found  therein  only 
one  scholar,  but  when  he  resigned  its  domestic 
management  to  Ids  son  it  nimibcred  about  ninety. 
For  the  last  few  years,  in  consequence  of  his 
broken  health,  he  had  been  little  better  than  its 
nominal  master.  For  a  short  period  he  served  the 
curacy  of  St.  Michael's.  He  wa.s  presented  to  the 
Rectory  of  Charlecombe,  at  his  first  coming  to 
Bath  in  1823.  As  a  pastor  he  was  ever  attentive 
and  affectionate ;  as  a  preacher  faithful  and  evan- 
gelical; and  he  was  long  actively  and  usefully 
associated  in  promoting  the  efficiency  of  the  great 
religious  societies. 

Jan.  23.  At  Magdalene  college,  Oxford,  the 
Rev.  EdicardJohn  Chaplin,  Fellow  of  that  society, 
on  the  Rugby  foundation.  He  graduated  B.A. 
183G,  M.A.  1839.  An  inquest  was  held  on  hislKKly, 
and  tlie  verdict  was,  he  "  M'as  found  dead  in  his 
be<l,  and  that  according  to  the  evidence,  and 
opinions  of  medical  witnesses,  his  death,  in  the 
judgment  of  the  jury,  was  the  result  of  an  apo- 
plectic fit." 

At  Burnham  Thorpe,  Norfolk, aged  8.'j,  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Ererard,  Rector  of  tliat  parish  (1802),  and 
of  Stanhoe  (1793).  He  was  of  Oriel  coll.  Oxford, 
B.A.  1791,  M.A.  1796. 

Jan.  24.  In  London,  aged  52,  tlie  Rev.  Jcunei 
Middieton  FitzMaurice,  M.A.  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Dr.  FftzMaurice,  of  llaslar,  (jrosport. 

At  the  house  of  his  son  Mr.  T.  V.  Nutt,  surgeon, 
Southam,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Nutt,  formerly  Curate 
of  Boddicot,  Oxfordshire.  He  was  of  Balliol  coll. 
Oxford,  B.A.  1810. 

Jan.  2-'),  Aged  48,  the  Rev.  Htnnphreits  Tiimnins 
Parker,  Vicar  of  Blandford,  Dorset  ("l83<i).  He 
was  of  Balliol  college,  Oxford,  and  graduated 
B.A.  1827,  M.A.  1831. 

Jan.  26.  At  Rcdmanley,  Wore,  aged  63,  the 
Rev.  Jame*  Coinmeline,  Rector  of  tliat  place,  and 
senior  Fellow  of  St.  John's  college,  Cani])ridge.  He 
graduated  B.A.  1811  as  11th  Senior  Optime,  M.A. 
1814,  B.D.  1821,  and  was  presented  to  his  living  in 
1837,  on  the  death  of  a  relative  bearing  tlie  same 
names  as  himself,  wlio  had  held  the  living  from 
the  year  1800. 

At  Great  Bradfield,  Suffolk,  aged  HI,  tlic  Rev. 
Robert  Daven,  Rector  of  Bradtield  Mitli  Rush- 
brook  and  of  Rougham,  to  both  which  churches 
he  was  proAented  in  1802.  He  was  of  Cuius  coll. 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1794. 

Jan.  27.  The  Rev.  William  Paynter  Evans,  of 
Upton  Castle,  Pembrokeshire,  Rector  of  Nash  cum 
Upton  (1831). 

At  Broxbourne,  Herts,  in  his  72d  year,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  PicAi/utU,  Vicar  of  that  parish  (1821),  and 
Rector  of  Wormley  (1832). 

At  Stow  on  the  Wold,  Glouc.  aged  67,  tlic  Rev. 
Richard  Frederick  Vavasour,  Rector  of  that  pansli 
(1822). 

Jan.  29.  At  Nice,  aged  56,  the  Rev.  Francis 
Clei'ke,  Rector  of  Eydon,  Northamptonshire  (1826). 
He  was  of  All  Souls  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1818, 
M.A.  1822. 

Jan.  30.  At  Ridlington,  Norfolk,  aged  83,  the 
Rev.  George  John  Au/rire,  Vicar  of  that  parish 
(1794).  He  was  the  second  and  last  surviving  sou 
of  Anthony  Aufi-^re,  esq.  formerly  of  Hoveton 
House,  Norfolk,  and  uncle  to  the  present  George 
Anthony  Aufr^re,  esq.  of  Foulsham  Old  Hall.  He 
was  of  Corpus  Christi  coll.  Cambridge,  B.A.  1793. 

At  Brighton,  aged  61,  the  Rev.  TlWorm  Edtrards, 
Perp.  Curate  of  lladlowdown,  Sussex  (1836). 

Jan.  31.  At  Py^orthy,  Devon, aged  78,  the  Rev. 
TJiomas   TJockin  Kingtlon,  Rector  of  that  parish, 

13 


and  a  magistrate  for  the  counties  of  Cornwall  and 
Devon.  He  was  the  fourth  son  of  the  Hev.  John 
Kingdon,  Rector  and  patron  of  the  pariahes  of 
Bridgend,  Py worth,  and  Holsworthy,  Devon,  and 
of  Whitstone  and  Markamchorch,  Cornwall,  fey 
Jane,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Hoddn,  Vicar  and 
patron  of  Oakhampton,  and  Rector  of  Lydfi>rd, 
Devon.  The  gentleman  now  deceased  was  patron 
and  Rector  of  Pyworthy,  to  which  he  was  insti- 
tuted in  1808,  and  his  elder  brother,  the  Rev.  Roger 
Kingdon,  who  died  in  1851  (see  vol.  xxxv.  p.  325) 
was  Rector  and  patron  of  Holsworthy.  The  Rer. 
T.  H.  Kingdon  was  of  Exeter  college,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1797,  M.A.  1800,  B.D.  1808.  He  married  Miss 
Nicholson,  daughter  of  Samuel  Nicholson,  esq.  late 
of  Ham,  and  sister  to  George  Nicholson,  esq.  twr- 
rister-at-hiw,  and  was  father  of  the  Rer.  Samuel 
Kingdon,  of  Cambridge,  and  other  issue. 

Lately.  The  Rev.  Hotcel  Jones,  Perp.  Curate  of 
Egerton,  Kent  (1834). 

The  Rev.  Darid  Meredith,  M.A.  Perp.  Curate  of 
Elland,  York.shire  (1850). 

Th^Rev.  WiUiam  Thomas  Waters,  Rector  of 
Dunsby  (1802),  and  of  Rippingale  (1825),  Lincoln- 
shire :  a  Rural  Dean,  and  Chaplain  to  the  Eari  of 
Saltoun.  He  was  of  St  John's  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1793,  M.A.  1813. 

Ftb.  1 .  Aged  53,  the  Rev.  Charles  Erck,  Curate 
of  Compton,  Berkshire.  He  was  of  St.  Edmund 
hall,  Oxford,  B.A.  1824,  M.A.  1825. 

Feb.  2.  At  the  residence  of  his  son  the  Rev.  E. 
A.  Smedley,  Vicar  of  Chesterton,  near  Cambridge, 
aged  77,  the  Rev.  James  Smedley.  He  was  <rf  Tri- 
nity college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1797,  MJL.  1802. 

Feb.  3.  At  Bath,  aged  48,  the  Rer.  John  Mat- 
theirs,  Curate  of  Lacock,  Wilts.  He  was  of  Christ 
church,  Oxford.  B.A.  1828,  M.A.  1831. 

Feb.  5.  At  the  residence  of  C.  H.  Rigg.  eaq. 
M.D.  Northampton,  the  Rev.  Jatnes  Flamank,  se- 
nior Fellow  of  King's  college,  C!ambridge,  B.A. 
1828, M.A.  1831. 

Feb.  9.  At  St.  Anne's  parsonage,  near  HaUflut, 
aged  56,  the  Rev.  John  Uope^  Perp.  Curate  of  St. 
Anne's  (1823). 


DEATHS, 

ABIUNUED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER. 

Aug.  ...  Near  Melbourne,  Australia,  by  acci- 
dentia drowning,  Mr.  Edmund  Johuson  Nash,  son 
of  the  late  John  Collier  Nash,  esq.  for  many  years 
of  the  Transiwrt  Office. 

Aug.  17.  At  Bathurst,  Licut.-Col.  Morisset,  late 
of  the  48th  Regt.  only  son  of  the  late  James  Mo- 
risset, esq.  of  Bnuiswick-square. 

Aug.  30.  At  Curteb  Farm,  Sturt,  near  Ade- 
laide, South  Australia,  Mr.  Rtehard  Hamilton,  a 
jiative  of  Dover,  where  he  carried  on  business  tat 
several  years  as  a  tailor  and  draper.  He,  with  a 
numerous  family,  was  amongst  the  first  emigrants 
to,  and  founders  of,  the  now  populous  and  flourish- 
ing town  and  port  of  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

Sept.  7.  At  sea,  on  board  tlie  ship  Chance, 
from  Liverpool  to  Port  Pliilip,  Arabella- Ann ; 
Sept.S.  Robert-Burns;  S^)/.  18.  Arthur- Vincent ; 
the  only  children  of  Mr.  Berkeley  W.  Hutchinson, 
surgeon,  government  medical  officer  of  the  Chance, 
and  great-grandchildren  of  Robert  Bums.  Mrs. 
Hutchinson  is  the  daughter  of  Major  James  Glen- 
cairn  Bums,  and  was  educated  in  Dumfries  under 
the  care  of  her  grandmother  "  Bonnie  Jean.** 

Sept.  22.  Drowned,  off  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
aged  29,  John-William,  eldest  son  of  John  Mor- 
ton, oq.  of  Cowling  Castle,  Kent,  and  chief  officer 
of  tlie  Monarch  East  Indiaman. 

Sept.  23.  At  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  (ftn-- 
merly  of  Barnstaple,  and  recently  of  Southwark 
Bridge-road,  London,)  of  concussion  of  the  brain, 
occasioned  by  a  fall  from  his  horse,  aged  83,  Mr. 
James  Hethersctt  Huntington,  leaving  a  widow 
and  six  children.  He  was  the  second  son  of  John 
Barker  Huntington,  esq.  of  Somerton  Hall. 

At  the  Firrt  Convent  of  the  ViMUtlon,  Parte, 


J  8530 


Obituary* 


39t 


\ 


I 


Helen  i  aad  m  tlio  l&lh  Jad,  at  tho  Convent,  Yf*rk, 
Aniu-Mito  r  <lAu*.  of  W,  A.  Maveldiirin,  M.A.  l«te 
Dean  of  3Ioniy  i«nn  Rom. 

Orf.  Ml.  Al  Syduoy,  N.S.  W,,  aged  'if*,  John 
Harle»,  or  the  Harouan  Stotiojsi,  Bca  Lomond. 
New  Enfftiuid,  eldest  aoa  qf  John  Harlem,  esq,  of 
Tul«c4itll»  BriJttoo. 

Xo*;.  4.  At  Syilney,  a?ed33,  John  tcwstcf  hnw~ 
W)n.  a=q.  surgeon,  formerly  of  Tewkeslmry,  and 
late  of  LoDiloiu 

Jf<n\  1 L  Al  ProttH!.  Bunuttli,  GipL  J.  H,  Hnu- 
ilalJ»  of  the  Mftdnui  Eng.  soeand  »on  of  the  Lit4! 
Lfeut.-Col.  RuudaiKof  the  ir.l.C.S. 

j\\n\  IB.  Killerl.  in  .i  iJclrralsh  with  the  Hurmese. 
near  Prome,  aj^d  32,  Copt.  Edward  Cornwall 
Qarduer.  40tli  liisn^ta  Kat.  luf.  Ik-  ivni^  the  tliird 
flon  of  LJeat.-Gon.  th«i  Hon.  W.  H.  Gardner,  hy 
£Uz«-LydJa,  3d  dau.  of  Lt.-r.en.  Wm.  ryer«.  Ua 
married  in  1812  Loui^ii.  2d  hIjiu,  of  John  iiouamy, 
otq,  ofGacmtcy,  and  has  ]cfti<<iu^. 

Nor.  a».  At  Shahjehanporc,  drowned  while  ford- 
log  a  river,  aged  19,  Charles  MaJoribidaikB  Morri 
MD,  aUi  ItQngol  N  I.  yount:wit  ion  of  the  lute  Rl-v. 
Rohmti  MorrlRon,  D  D,  of  Chln;i. 

Ihc.  3.  At  DurlMdos,  acied  '2^,  ChaT]&^  Kent, 
ts«q.  Second  Lieut,  of  H.M.S.  Dn.tinrle«»,  Mcoadfion 
of  Uit»  late  ChtirltM  Kent,  c&q,  of  Brickling  Lodge, 
Norfolk. 

Ihc,  6.  On  boiiini  the  Planet,  on  Tier  way  from 
Hydenih.-id  to  Kurrachce,  agt'd  a'J,  Aniie-Char- 
io«io»  wife  of  Capt  Drew,  H3I.*s  fi4tli  Re^t.  dan. 
of  John  Cator,  wq.  of  Beckeniima  Place,  Kent. 

D«c,  B.  At  lod,  on  board  the  emigrant  jhij)  Uuu, 
bound  to  Metbonmc,  aged  22,  Harriet  Crtift'?,  wife 
*rif  Mr.  Samuel  HOlyitrd,  nnrgeon  to  tho  ve.*«el,4ind 
ftister  of  Mr,  Wllllani  Henry  Fuller,  of  Bary  St. 
CdmnndV. 

Dee.  13.    On  b  >  Mtocr, 

off  Oirt]sage:na,  iJeiif. 

Wra,  Durhnni  1  t    Ih» 

iNiMed  hi 
Lieut.  1«1 
eotirt  72,  [1 
Cut  Indjtr^ 
£ke,  tA. 


r*r,  aged  »*, 
iiuuci  New. 


At  tlie  Vi. 
nfitlKlh,  fourth  dan 

ike,  W.  At  St,  Vincent,  Cape  Verd  JBlaiids,  on 
hiB  paswiw  tr»  the  Cnpc  of  (ioo*!  Hope,  for  tlic  Tjc- 
nofit      "  '  V      ,r:d  2^.    Hmiry  Hainilron 

Html  of  Henry  Honld-rwortli , 

evi  '■ 

Al  J(t€i  ■    A.Todd,  Uth 

Light  Dm.  '    Geu.  Darid 

Buotel%  01  I  rry.  N.B, 

Ikf,  17,  Jh  1.  imi«niJu<-'-r'.MT.  iHi-;!'"!  i>**,  Mary,  rc» 
lict  of  Cape.  Acklom.  UN. 

jD«.  18*  At  sea,  on  bonrd  the  Great  Western, 
R.  W,  I.  U.  fcleaiJi-*hlp,of  yt.'ltoM*  fev«r,  Mr.  Georne 
Kaitlar  Andrevrs,  tnidah}|juiaJi,  late  of  Lm.'twortti, 
Hanti. 

Afe'Cd  16,  Charles- Vredcrick,  third  n*)n  of  the 
Rev.  T,  I'.  Thouiii?,  Somhainpton.  He  wa-s  mid* 
thij^nan  on  boai-vi  the  Conway,  lyintf  off  Na^y  Bay. 
Wift  Indies,  and  fell  a  victim  to  th«s  yellow  fevei*. 
jift,  SJ.    On  lioard  H.M.  .dilp  Calypso,  at  La 

Cafh 

£'  -dn, 

Frar  i.rv.  John 

Woli  hijiji^man  on 

Nvil   .  I . 

/>..*    or  ikdiuiJdJoff*, 

Now-poati,  ild,K.A. 

Dtc.  .11.  5,  fjf  ycliou 

Br 

.3,  lane,  relict  uf  the 

',  Thorji  ':or  of  Lanihourue, 

.and MIL.     i  vi,'.   Ut^  CUnlia  Wtlllam 

Conile  do  VJsto  i^, 
Jm^  t.    On  board  the  Uoyal  Mail  itcsillftr  D«t- 
i,  of  yellow  fever,  Henry  J.  Ede,  «eeond  ton  of 
Uito  Job  i;i3e,  n^.  of  Sootiiampton.     • 

H^T,  Mao.  Vol.  X>lXIX. 


Accidtutally  drowned  in  tho  KUe,  near  Cairo, 
on  his  poAMgc  to  Bonibrty,  aged  IC,  Uoiry  Q. 
Frastr,  e^.  Cadet  M  E.LC.S  ,  eldoft  ton  of  JIaJor 
T,  G.  Frasor,  29th  Bombay  NJ. 

At  Malaga,  Jamei,  Mcond  ma  of  £.  H.  Bebden, 
e»q,  Iwinker,  of  Scarboron^h. 

At  tiunt^pilLSora.  ucf'l  >^*.K  Mi-  Heater  Jefiory, 
She  condacted  for  ini*^  "ilyrL'^iiOCtable 

e^UMishtnt^jit  for  youv  ,a\s, 

/an.  5.  At  itom^gat*: ,    .^  ,    t.>,  M.  Bdrtietl. 

At  CrorUiston.Hged  4)i,S.  xMdiiiL-,eiiq. 

Jan,  0,  Mjiry,  relict  of  T.  J.  P.  Bwrroau^  e^q. 
.iVnlen  Hon-^e,  Henley-ln-Arden. 

Jan,  H.  At  tljo  Bniinge,  Hereford-ihlre,  a^ed  77, 
VMillam  Henry  Gwillim,  ei^q, 

Agud  ai,  i>ederit'k-,Jan»e*,  youngest  son  of 
Georcfe  Skinner,  esq,  sol.  St.  Jnhn'5,  Worcester. 

Jart.  9.  a^*d  77,  Don  Kicattio  <,Tidle;i o,  of  Madrid, 
u  ditrtingnlflhed  litterateur,  a.-cnfttor,  judgt  of  the 
Tribunal  de  la  Rota,  member  of  ilie  Roytkl  C'juiicil 
of  Public  Initructioii,  President  of  the  Royal  Aca- 
demy of  Arts  of  San  Fem«iido,  and  i'crpetnal 
Secretary  of  the  Sinud-th  Academy. 

At  Paddiu^'^tou,  nged  fu*.  Charles  AleJumder 
Jaine*  P1c'ft?=e,  ''i>q.  lato  of  the  War-offiec. 

At  Pa^ldiiiiirton,  a^od  ^Gl,  Mr.  Willlum  Porker, 
nephew  of  ttic  lute  Jolm  Porker,  esq.  of  the  firm 
of  LadbroUe,  Lndbrokc,  Purker,  and  lloblnson, 
bankofri,  London. 

Aged  fiLMr.  IL  WatlTin-..  of  BqUi^  father-Ui- 
law  to  the  Rev.  John  D,  W  illiaja*,  .\bcrtlare. 

Jmt.  10.  At  Dublin,  ngtid  CO,  William  M.  Btirke, 
of  Ballydu!,^an,  Galwuy,  e*q. 

in  Weli-*L  Gray's dmi-roatl,  aged  *it,Cleinuii 
Augtli'tu^  Cheese,  e*fi. 

At  Burlon-apon-Trent^  agedift^  WtlUam  Danid , 

At  Marlboro ukJi,  agetl  ^S,  Mr^.  Newbery. 
Anne,  relltt  of  the  Hcv,  John  Spry,  Vicar  of 

IjKlw-froimh.  Devnti. 

Jan.i}   :■■  .     -■.  ^    ^  ,-■■;■,.■  |, 

At  Als 

At  Bail  It 

Cnmnti.'ll,  <'Mi.  ]Mir>ci,  l;.M.S.iV  i  Uuiiies, 

At  lirLstiu^s,  ii^r^d  ai,  Mury-Francw,  youiii^ei 
ilaii,  cif  trie  Rf  V.  ,Tcm:on  Darie*,  M.A.  Vicar  of 
SLNlcbrli     T 

At   W.  I  i-fii,  P»;nn,  wear  M  olver- 

itamptoit,  A.irdHorley.eiiq.  Edge-iiill, 

(h<.  ii  I  : .  e  from  Janiaica  to  En^^lutid,  cm 
Uooi  !  jM  ,,|  inaU  (^tcain-veflael  Parana,  Ueur. 
Prtint  Is  injxlif.,  R,N.  second  6on  of  the  lato  Coni- 
miit^ioner  Charles  InKlia,  R.N, 

At  Jaeob'!*  Well*,  BrUtol,  aged  9S,  Mrs.  Maiy 
Kirawiu. 

In  Vorfc'plaee.  Clity-road.  aged  07,  Mra.  Lsnth, 
rolict  <if  lliouias.  I>o^>Tie!i  Lamb,  e*i|. 

At  hit  brother'*,  the  Rev.  Edward  Oldaetd.  tJie 
Rectory,  Lly^faen,  a!;e<l  M,  John  Oldflcld,  e§q.  of 
Holywell, 

Jan,  12.  At  Cheli^ea.  aged  7T,  Sar.ih,  widow  of 
John  Brock,  qx\. 

At  Nottrn^-hiR,  ajjed  21,  Lvnjy- Freelanrt, 
..jj„^..  .  .  .  ^f  tj^p  j,j|g  j^(.y  K.  VV,  JJathew, 
Vir,  ^jire^ludl,  Ki-^ex* 

Al  Lilian, Lieut.-CoL  Cliarlea George 

Ro^^,  jjii<    Ji  iinM  Bentral  N.  Inf. 

Al  SontJi  R«X'k,  near  Alnwick,  David  TliomMn, 
eM^.  Writer  to  the  Signi't,  of  Orkie  atid  Annllold, 
FiJeshire, 

At  Knapton  Hall,  near  MaUon,  ITorkahlre,  age^l 
CA,  MlB*  Ann  Tindall. 

Jtm.  13.  Al  Shepherd'*  Bnj*li,  Ann,  relict  of 
.\rihtir  Cocke^  csci.of  Howland-»t.  Fitiroy-tq. 

At  the  Parsonage,  Barton-under-Needwood, 
CUxaheth.  wife  of  tlio  Rev.  H.  GlAborne  Cooper, 
incumbent,  and  third  dau,  of  the  late  itcv.  £. 
PalnraiTf  vr  Ato*eley. 

In  St.  John't  Wood*ron»d,  Marj-.  wife  of  Stephen 
Oram^',  c^. 

In  London,  Fanny,  wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  E.  Hoe- 
kiuf,  uf  Chiddingttone.  Kent. 

At  l|)*wicb,  a^  AO,  Un,  Howard. 

2U 


■■■fa 


330 


Obituary. 


[Mareh> 


At  latherwell  IIoum;,  Tuwu  Mailing,  uged  79, 
Martha,  wife  of  Tliomas  Jones,  esq. 

At  Edinburgh,  Marion,  relict  of  George  Rennie, 
esq.  of  Phantassie,  East  Lothian. 

At  Aabam,  New  York,  aged  (U,  Catherina,  wife 
of  William  Swain,  esq.  and  mother  of  V.  W.  Swain, 
esq.  ofDevonport. 

Jan.  14.  At  Blyth,  Notts,  aged  70,  John  Brad- 
ley, esq. 

At  Kensington,  aged  38,  Anthony  John  Canham, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Anthony  South  Canham, 
esq.  of  Fordham. 

At  Box,  aged  G3,  Annie,  relict  of  Thos.  Canning, 
esq.  of  llambbury  Park,  Wilts. 

At  Brixton-hill,  aged  79,  James  Cooper,  esq. 

At  Lower  Edmonton,  age<l  M,  Jacob  Onillou- 
neau,  esq.  of  Hounslow,  youngest  surviving  son  of 
the  late  David  Guillonneau,  of  Pope's  Head- 
alley. 

At  the  residence  of  his  wstor  Mrs.  Vernon  Col- 
lins, Bo<Imiu,  H.  Price  Kawlingii,  ewi.  He  was  the 
second  son  of  Thomas  Rnwlings,  cmx.  of  Saunders 
Hill,  one  of  the  I>cpnty  Wardens  of  the  Stannaries, 
by  Marger>',  dan.  and  co-heires»  of  Tlioraas  Price, 
esq.  of  Tregolds,  and  married  iu  1837,  Jane,  only 
dan.  of  Hugh  Blackmore,  esq.  of  St.  Austell. 

At  Blue  Haize.  St.  Martin's,  Jersey,  aged  44, 
Alexander  G.  Van  Homrigh,  esq.  late  of  the  9.Sth 
regiment. 

At  Uinirswould,  near  DovtT,  Henry  Edward 
Wingrove,  e»<i.  U.N.  late  Commander  of  H.M.S. 
Scourge.  He  entered  the  service  in  1812;  served 
In  1824  in  the  Prometheus  in  Sir  H.  B.  Neale's 
demonstration  before  Algiers,  and  obtained  his 
first  commission  in  1826.  He  was  employed  firom 
1831  to  1837  in  the  Coast  guard ;  afterwards  in 
the  Magjiiflcent  (72)  receiving  ship  at  Jamaica,  and 
Blazer  steam  surveying  vessel ;  and  was  appointed 
to  the  Scourge  Oct.  1,  1847.  He  married  in  1838 
Sarah,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  John  Monins,  esq. 
of  the  Palace,  Canterbury. 

At  Exeter,  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Wolston. 

Jan.  Ui.  At  sea,  Charles- Henry,  ehiest  son  of 
the  Rev.  Charles  F.  Bampfyide,  D.L.,  J.P.,  of  He- 
mington  rectory,  Somerset. 

At  Topsham,  Mr.  Philip  E.  Barratt,  chief  mate 
of  the  sliip  Dynaraene,  on  her  voyage  from  the 
North,  who  was  knocked  overl)oard  by  the  main 
boom  and  drowned.  This  makes  the  third  son, 
besides  a  husband,  lost  at  sea. 

At  Qneenstown,  Thomas  Bolton,  cs(i.  late  of 
Ballykisteen,  Tippcrary. 

At  Brighton.  Catherine,  ehlcst  surviving  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  Stileman  Bostock,  of  East  Grin8t«a<l, 
Sussex. 

At  the  Hermitage,  near  Hexham,  aged  00,  Ann, 
wife  of  Stamp  Brooksbank,  esq.  of  Healaugh  Hall, 
near  Tadcaster. 

Aged  30,  Caroline-Mary,  wife  of  Abrara  Consta* 
ble,  esq.  of  Wonuingford  Hall. 

At  Brighton,  Mrs.  Mwy  Copllng,  formerly  the 
widow  of  (icorge  Brcttlc,  esq. 

At  Winchester,  aged  02.  Mr.  Chas.  Dumper,  for 
many  years  l)eadIo  to  the  cori>oration.  As  a  Ser- 
jeant in  tlic  Frwt  Guards,  he  saw  con8ideral)le  ser- 
vice in  the  Peninsular  war,  for  which  he  recelveil 
two  medals,  with  several  clasps. 

At  Coonibe  Bissett,  near  Salisbury,  aged  7H, 
George  Fleetwood,  esq. 

At  Exmouth,  aged  97,  Mary,  widow  of  Sir  Digory 
Forrest,  Knt.  of  Plymouth. 

In  BarlMidos,  Henry-Higginson,  »econd  son  of 
Robert  Haynes,  esq.  of  Thimbleby  Lodge,  Yorkah. 

At  Whittlcsea,  aged  81,  Alice,  relict  of  John 
Hemmant,  esq. 

In  Prince's-st.  Hanover-wj.  aged  HO,  Walter  C. 
Hopper,  esq.  Inte  of  Belmont,  Dnriiam,  and  for- 
merly a  mairistrate  an«i  deputy-lieutenant  of  that 
county.  He  married  Margaret,  dau.  of  Ralph 
Shipi)enl8on,  esq.  of  Piddinghall  Garth,  and  has 
left  issue. 

At  Highgate,  aged  04,  Ann,  relict  of  Alexander 
Johnson,  cati.  of  the  Middle  Temple. 


At  Tenby,  aged  09,  Richard  Naab,  eaq.  3 
son  of  the  late  Thomas  Nash,  esq.  of  Gambenrail. 

At  Dublin,  aged  bft,  Wm.  George  Plgo«,  CMI. 
formerly  in  the  Queen's  Bajra. 

Aged  82,  Anne,  wife  of  Edward  Prothene, 
esq.  of  EccleKton-aq.  London,  and  mother  of  ttt 
late  M.P.  for  Halifax,  and  formerly  for  Briilol 
f  of  whom  a  memoir  was  given  in  our  Magarine 
for  December  last,  p.  638).  She  was  the  second 
daughter  of  John  Waterhouse,  of  Wellhead,  in  tht 
parisli  of  Halifax,  by  Elizabeth,  dan.  and  heir  of 
Charles  Beaty,  of  Louth. 

At  Leighton  Buzzard,  at  an  advanced  age,  the 
i-elict  of  T.  Wagstaff,  esq. 

Jan.  10.  Aged  92,  at  Portarlington,  Qoeea'e 
Co.,  Gertrude-Despard,  relict  of  James  BradileU, 
esq.  of  Stokeferry,  Norfolk. 

Aged  88,  William  Burton,  esq.  of  Tnmham  Hall, 
near  Selby. 

At  Charmouth,  in  lier  102d  year,  EUzabeth, 
relict  of  John  Cleave,  esq.  formerly  of  Newcombe, 
Crediton. 

At  Ross,  Heref.  aged  01,  Samuel  Galindo,  esq. 

At  St.  Helicr,  Jersey,  aged  42,  Peter  Le  Seiier, 
esq. 

At  Lisbon,  Ueut.  Philip  Wm.  May,  R.N.  ef 
H.M.S.  Sanspareil,  eldest  son  of  the  late  W.  H. 
May,  esq.  of  Plynu>tock,  Devon.  He  entwed  the 
service  in  1831,  passed  his  examination  I8J8,  and 
was  made  Lieutenant  184A,  in  reward  tor  his  sar- 
%ice  in  the  attack  of  the  piratical  settlements  of 
Mulloodoo  on  the  island  of  Borneo.  He  was  addl* 
tional  of  the  Aginconrt  nntU  she  was  paid  off  In 
the  summer  of  1847. 

At  Addlestone,  Surrey,  a«ed  18,  (Yancea-llirj,  * 
only  dan.  of  H.  H.  Stansfeld,  esq. 

Aged  43,  John  WUliams,  esq.  D.C.L.  of  tht 
Temple,  Brighton. 

At  Sandown,  Southport,  aged  49,  Jane,  wiJb  of 
James  Hardy  Wrigley,  esq. 

Jan.  17.  AtPaa,aged44,Jane,wlfBOf<3eor9i 
Borradaile,  e.«iq.  eldest  dan.  of  Thomas  T^Mn,  aiq. 
of  Liverpool. 

At  Exmouth,  Devon,  aged  74,  Brownlow  Bow> 
dlllon,esq.  of  Bath. 

Aged  10,  Charles- Artliur,  second  son  of  John 
Cheetham,  esq.  M.P.  Eastwood,  Staleybridge. 

At  Burton-upon-Trent,  aged  82,  wm.  Daniel, 
esq. 

At  Brighton,  agp<l  04,  Sophia,  wife  of  Thonaa 
Edgington,  esq.  of  the  Old  Keni-road. 

At  the  rectory,  Debach,  Suffolk,  Harriette-8o- 
phia,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Pryer  Field. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  In  his  first  year,  Clement 
Wilson  Magee.  only  son  of  the  Rer.  D.  B.  Godllrej, 
M.A.  IMncipal  of  Grosvenor  College,  Bath. 

At  South  Molton,  aged  24,Pearson  HodgUn,  esq. 
He  was  pursuing  his  cdncatlon  tor  the  medical 
profiBssion. 

At  Dnblhi,  aged  07,  William  Parsons  Hoey,  esq. 
Major  in  the  Wicklow Regt.  and  Deputy-Lientof 
the  city  of  Dublin. 

At  Hastings,  aged  23,  Jane,  dan.  of  the  late 
John  King,  esq.  ofSunbnry,  Middlesex. 

At  St.  I.eonard'H-on-Sea,  aged  86,  M^or  Henry 
WillUm  Paget,  Assisunt  Qoartermaster-Oen.  at 
Cork,  and  fate  Alde-de-Camp  to  hte  nncle  the 
Marquess  of  Anglesea,  when  Master  General  of  the 
Ordnance.  He  was  the  second  son  of  the  Ute  Gen. 
the  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Paget,  G.C.B.  br  his  secmid 
wife  Lady  Harriet  Legse,  4th  dan.  of  George  Srd 
Earl  of  Dartmouth.  He  married,  In  I8AI,  Anna, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  Sir  George  Walker. 
Bart.  G.C.B.  and  had  a  son  bom  hi  I»ft2. 

At  Stinchcombe,  Glouc.  agpd  45,  Jane,  wilb  of 
the  Rev.  Shr  George  Prevost,  Bart  and  daughter 
of  Isaac  Lloyd  Williams,  esq.  of  Cwmeyi%llD. 
Cardiganshire.  She  was  married  In  1828,  and 
has  left  issne. 

At  Woodfleld  Lodge,  Harrow-road,  aged  79, 
Valentine  Ruttcr,  esq. 

At  Woodferd,  aged  47.  Capt.  WfflJaaj  Stanhope 
2?>ckley.  Ute  H.E.LC.8.  son-ln^w  of  the  l£ 
Mr.  JohnTearson,  of  Lajer-de-la-aiiye. 


1858.] 


Obituary. 


331 


At  St.  CroM,  near  Windieiter,  Miss  Ann  Eames 
Walght,  dAu.  of  the  late  Jobn  Eames  Waight,  esq. 
of  Bi5hop*8  Sutton,  Hants. 

At  ToUington  Park,  Homsey,  aged  60,  Mr. 
Frederick  Wey,  late  of  the  firm  of  Lock  and  Wey, 
merchants,  Gntter-lane.  Cheajwide.  He  had  been 
to  town  to  sign  a  deed  for  the  dissolution  of  part- 
nership. The  Jury  returned  the  following  verdict, 
"  Deceased  committed  suicide,  but  what  was  the 
state  of  his  mind  at  the  time  there  is  no  evidence 
to  prove." 

Jan.  18.  At  Maidstone,  aged  63,  Courtney  Stacey, 
esq. 

Jem.  19.  At  TVInchester,  aged  78,  Margaret,  re- 
lict of  Henry  Alexius  Abbott,  esq. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  68,  Elisabeth,  widow  of 
Cant.  Joseph  Andrews,  H.E.I.C.S. 
At  Reading,  aged  92,  Mrs.  IsabeUa  Belaon. 
At  Little  Paxton,  near  St.  Neot8,aged  74,  James 
Brown,  esq.  surgeon  R.N. 

At  Geneva,  where  she  had  resided  upwards  of 
fifty  years,  aged  83,  Madame  Mathieu  Duval,  a 
native  of  England,  and  connected  bv  her  mother 
with  one  of  the  ancient  fiimOies  of  Devonshire. 
She  was  of  a  Swiss  fiunily  by  her  father,  and  had 
married  in  Switzerland. 

At  Upper  Deal,  aged  68,  Dinah,  wife  of  James 
Feamley,  esq. 

At  Ely,  aged  73,  William  Uarlock,  esq.  brewer, 
a  depnty-Ilentenant  for  Cambridgeshire. 

At  Irmlingborongh,  co.  Northampton,  aged  73, 
Sarah,  wifo  of  Laurence  Lucas,  esq. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Sarah-Elizabeth,  reUct  of 
Col.  WOliam  Mansfield  Morrison,  late  23rd  Drag. 
At  Greenwich,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Katharine  Ogllvie. 
At  Waldringfield    rectory,  Suffolk,   aged  52, 
Francis  Weller,  esq.  of  Tunbridge  Wells,  late  Capt. 
Roval  ArtUlery. 
Samuel  James  Wood,  esq.  of  Wigmore-st. 
J<m.  SO.    At  the  rectory,  Pangboume,  Berks, 
aged  53,  Catharine,  relict  of  John  Symonds  Bree- 
don,  esq.  ofDelaBere. 

At  Duppas-hill,  Croydon,  George  Byam,  esq. 
late  Capt.  43rd  Regt. 

At  Ehn-grove,  Hammersmith,  aged  55,  John 
Athanaaius  Cooke,  esq.  barrister-at-law.  He  was 
caBed  to  the  bar  at  Gray's  Inn,  May  27,  1829. 

Suddenly,  aged  66,  Mr.  Thomas  Harper,  a  cele- 
brated trumpet  player,  whilst  attending  the  re- 
hearsal of  the  Harmonic  Union  Society,  at  Exeter 
Han.  A  Juij  returned  a  verdict  that  death  was 
caused  by  a  disease  of  the  heart. 

Sarah,  wife  of  Fielder  Jenkins,  esq.  of  Wobum- 
place. 

At  Camberwell,  George  Joyce,  esq.  late  of  the 
Board  of  Trade. 

At  Mossley-hill,  near  Liverpool,  aged  76,  Chas. 
Lawrence,  esq.  deputy-Uent,  and  magistrate  of 
Lancashire. 

In  Moorgate-st.  Jane,  widow  of  Charles  MacRae, 
esq.  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

At  Albany-terr.  Regent's-park,  aged  3,  Charles 

Granville  Wheler  Medhurst,  youngest  son  of  the 

late  F.  H.  Medhurst.  esq.  of  Kippax-hall,  Yorksh. 

At  Clliton,  Mary-MatUda-CeciUa,  only  child  of 

John  Andrew  Methuen,  esq. 

Aged  79,  Mrs.  Patterson,  of  Kensington-gore, 
Hyde-park,  relict  of  John  Duggan  Patterson,  esq. 
late  of  Cavau,  Ireland. 

In  Manchester-sq.  aged  16,  William- Arcedeckne, 
eldest  son  of  Mr.  and  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Rowley,  and 
nephew  to  Lord  Huntingfield. 

At  Bydorp  House,  Hanwell,  Middlesex,  aged  58, 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Smith,  esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  68,  Lieut.-Gen  Samuel  Rogers 
Strover,  of  tlie  Bombay  Art.  He  entered  the  ser- 
Tice  In  1803,  attained  the  rank  of  Colonel  In  the 
army  1831,  and  in  the  Art.  1833,  Mai  -Gen.  1841. 

At  Ipswich,  aged  40,  Gordon  Skelly  Tidy,  esq. 
Ute  Capt.  48th  Regt. 

At  Cheetham-hUl,  Manchester,  aged  S3,  lOss 
Van,  formerly  of  Bath. 

At  Castle  Hedingham,  Essex,  ag^  75,  flarah- 
Bridges,  widow  of  Rev.  Henry  Van  Voorst,  of 


Woodham  Ferrars,  and  Vicar  of  Steeple,  dan.  of 
the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Stevens,  Rector  of  Panitold. 

At  Edhiburgh,  aged  35,  Richard-John, youngest 
son  of  the  late  Henry  Richard  Wood,  esq.  of  Hol- 
lin  Hall,  Yorksliire. 

Jan.  21.  At  Streatham,  aged  81,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  Mathew  Bovd,  esq. 

At  Bloxham,  aged  25,  Margaret-Elizabeth,  wiib 
of  Joseph  Cary,  esq.  of  Crougnton-vale. 

Caroline  Chiles,  sister  of  George'  Chiles,  esq. 
store-receiver  to  her  Maiesty's  dockyard.  Chatham. 

At  Reading,  aged  69,  Thomas  Grint  Curties,  esq. 

At  Beccles,  aged  70,  Harriett,  wife  of  the  Rer. 
Jarrett  Dashwood. 

At  Leven,  Fifoshire,  N.B.  M^Jor  John  Fulton, 
of  the  Madras  Army. 

At  College  House,  Brompton,  aged  62,  Edward 
Gingell,  esq. 

Aged  68,  James  Grieve,  esq.  of  Hamflton-terr. 
St.  tJohnVwood,  and  Lime-st.  City. 

At  Beaumaris,  Anglesey,  aged  69,  Jdbn  Jones, 

A.t  Kingstown,  Rebecca,  relict  of  Heniy  Kyle, 
esq.  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Mfller,  of 
Prospect  House,  co.  Dublin. 

At  Down  Lodge,  Epsom,  aged  56,  Martha,  wifo 
of  Wm.  Norton,  esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  71.  Miss  Martha  RandaU.  She 
was  interred  at  Sutton  Veney,  Wilts. 

In  Stanhope-st.  Hyde  Park-gardens,  aged  76, 
Elizabeth-Tyers,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  James 
Shergold,  esq.  of  Sunbnry,  Middlesex. 

At  Richmond,  Surrey,  aged  55,  Orlando  Stone, 

A.t  Paris,  aged  3  months,  the  iniknt  dau.  of  the 
Hon.  Mrs.  Dudley  Ward. 

Jan.  22.  At  Chester-terr.  Regent's  Park,  aged 
52,  Mary-Anne  Gilbert,  relict  of  Tfanothy  George 
Adams,  esq. 

Aged  66,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Peter  Whitfldd 
Brancker,  esq.  of  Field  House,  Wavertree,  Uver- 
pool. 

At  Bristol,  aged  44,  Sarah,  wife  of  Lieat  God- 
dard.  of  Exeter. 

In  Cavendish-sq.  Elizabeth,  eldest  dan.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Hardwick,  esq.  of  Bemers-et.  and 
Hampton  Court 
In  Park-place,  Chelsea,  S.  Haslock,  esq. 
At  Lyme  Regis,  Dorset,  aged  89,  Ifrs.  Mary 
Keen,  formerly  of  BaJth. 

At  Exeter,  Thomas-Henry,  only  son  of  Tbomas 
May.  esq.  of  Brompton. 

At  Bideford,  Miss  Pridham,  youngest  dan.  of 
the  late  Thomas  Pridham.  esq.  surgeon. 

At  SaUsbnry,  aged  47,  Mary  Marshall,  widow  of 
J.  B.  U.  Tanner,  esq. 

Aged  89,  Benjamin  Whitelock,  esq.  of  Point 
Honse,  Putney. 

Jan.  23.  Aged  24,  Emily-Charlotte,  foorth  dan. 
of  Dr.  Addams,  D.C.L. 

At  the  house  of  her  brother-In-Uw,  John  Bright- 
wen,  esq.  at  Thorpe,  aged  64.  Lucy  Aogs,  a  mem- 
ber,and  for  many  years  a  minister,  of  the  Soeiety 
of  Friends,  and  an  indeftitlgable  supporter  of  the 
varioos  charitable  institutions  of  Norwfch.  She 
was  a  grand-dan.  of  Mr.  Henrv  Gnmey,  one  of  the 
original  partners  in  the  Norwich  bank. 

At  Hoole  Hall,  near  Chester,  aged  30,  Margaret, 
wife  of  F.  Boydell,  esq. 

At  Uamllton-terr.  St.  John's  Wood,4^(ed  46, 
Charlotte-EHza,  wife  of  Thomas  H.  Clarke,  esq.  of 
the  India  House. 

At  Hammersmith,  aged  87,  Mrs.  Gihaon,  widow 
of  Samuel  Gibson,  esq. 

At  CumUngham-pl.  SL  Johnls  Wood,  aged  41, 
Uenrietta-Lavinia,  wife  of  Benjamin  Caff  GreeD* 
hin,  esq.  of  Knowl  Hall,  Somersetshire,  dan.  of 
the  late  Cd.  John  Macdonald.  of  Exeter,  and 
grand-daughter  of  the  late  celebrated  Flora  Mac- 
donald. 

In  Kentish-town,  aged  39,  Jane,  wife  of  John 
Wm.  Griesbach,  esq.  and  dau.  of  the  late  Jamtf 
Hinton  Baventock.  esq.  of  Windsor. 
At  tbOFMUaiee  of  his  son-hi-Iaw,  Saorael  Biie, 


832 


Obituary. 


[M&rdi, 


eaq.  postmaater,  Norwich,  aged  75,  William  Power 
Hicks,  esq. 

At  Witton-le-Wear,  Durham,  aged  79,  Newbey 
lx)W8on,  esq.  a  magistrate  and  deputy  lieut.  for 
the  county. 

At  Desvies,  near  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  Cupt.  War- 
ren Hasllugi  White,  late  of  the  38th  Regt.  and 
formerly  of  the  8th  Hussars,  third  son  of  the  late 
Gen.  White,  of  Bengal. 

At  Ruftlni,  Clie\ington,  Marianne,  wife  of  John 
Worlledge,  e»q. 

Jan. 24.  At  Shepton  3IaUet,  aged  75,  Ann, 
relict  of  James  Brown  Gary,  esq. 

At  his  brother's  (Capt.  Wm.  Fulcher,  Craven- 
lail,  Hyde  Park),  aged  4G,  Frederick  Page  Ful- 
cher, esq.  late  Capt.  67th  Bengal  N.  Inf. 

At  Philadelpliia,  aged  41,  Miss  Mary  Gilbert, 
youngest  dan.  of  Mr.  James  Gilbert,  of  Lydd, 
Kent,  and  sister  of  Mr.  James  Gilbert,  bookseller, 
of  Paternoster-row. 

In  Harrington-st.  Clarkson,  eldest  son  of  Clark- 
sou  Stanfleld,  esq.  R.A. 

Aged  83,  Nicholas  Toke,  esq.  many  years  solici- 
tor, at  Great  Dunmow,  Esstsx. 

Jan,  25.  Aged  77,  John  Christopher  Cunkrien, 
esq.  of  Anlaby,  neiir  Hull,  Consul  of  tlie  Nether- 
lands. 

At  tlie  residence  of  her  sister,  Mrs.  Tucker, 
Totnes,  aged  81,  Miss  Creaser. 

At  Drogheda,  aged  38,  Charles  Graves,  esq. 
Capt.  15th  Foot. 

At  Westminster,  Mrs.  Noddor,  mother  of  Mrs. 
Milne,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Milne,  Rector  of  St. 
James's  Cliignall,  Essex. 

In  Hyde  Park-st.  aged  57,  Jane,  wife  of  John 
Scott,  esq. 

At  Dover,  aged  57,  Edward  Thorp,  esq.  late 
Lieut.-Col.  of  the  2l8t  Regt.  of  Fusilier  Guards. 

At  Hastings,  aged  20,  Eleanor,  third  dau.  of  the 
Kev.  E.  Woodyatt,  Fetclmm  rectorj',  Surrey. 

Miss  Young,  of  Rosenberg,  near  Hitchin,  Herts. 

Ja7i.  2G.  At  Bath,  Miss  Allen,  dau.  of  the  late 
Philip  Allen,  esq.  of  Buthampton. 

At  Christchurch,  aged  77,  Miss  Jane  Argyle.  of 
Purewell. 

At  Mapplowell,  Leicestersldre,  aged  65,  Edward 
Crompton,esq.  brother  of  Mr.  Justice  Crouipton. 

At  Winchmore-hill,  aged  77,  Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Samuel  Donald,  es<i. 

At  Stratford-green,  Essex,  aged  76,  Jane,  >*idow 
of  William  Edwards,  esq.  M.D.  of  Swansea,  Glam. 

At  Brig] » ton,  aged  67,  Michael  John  Geoghegan, 
esq.  of  Regent-st. 

In  the  Temple,  aged  78,  Edward  Guy,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  aged  65,  Rhoda-Tichurst,  wife  of 
James  Hack,  esq. 

At  Wimbledon,  aged  70,  W.  Silas  Hathaway,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  55,  Tliomas  Hillman,  cs^^.  late 
of  Penshurst,  Kent. 

At  the  palace,  Norwich,  aged  76,  Mrs.  Howell, 
mother  of  the  Rt.  h'ov.  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Norwich. 

Aged  85,  George  Lax,  esq.  fonnerly  of  Wells. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  87,  Mrs.  Hester  Palmer. 

At  Chertsey,  Ellen,  wife  of  Henry  Wetton,  esq. 

Jan.  27.  At  Wedmore,  Somerset,  aged  66,  John 
Barrow,  esq.  father  of  the  Rev.  J.  Barrow,  curate 
of  Poole. 

At  Longcome  House,  Totnes,  Richard  Browne, 
eiiq.  of  Great  Engleboume,Harbcrton. 

At  Scharnel>ec,  Hanover,  John  Fretleric  Ilage- 
nau,  esq.  Deputy  Comm.-Gen.  in  the  British  .scrv. 

At  Dublin,  Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Right 
Hon.  John  Hatchell. 

At  Bromley,  Kent,  aged  86,  Dbina,  widow  of 
MaJor-(Jen.  Irvine,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Alex- 
ander Ciordon,  Bart,  of  Lesmoir,  Aberdeenshire. 

In  the  Clai)ham-roa<l,  Ann,\*ife  of  James  Leach, 
es<i.  dan.  of  James  Lys  Sexiger,  esq.  Westmin.stor. 

At  Brighton,  aged  70,  Charlotte-Goodwyn,  wife 
of  Thomas  Stokes,  esq.  of  Bath. 

Agetl  62,  Richard  Lawrence  Sturtevant,  of 
Spencer->t.  tlie  last  surviving  >on  of  the  late  S.  T. 
Srnrtevant,  D.D. 

At  Howden,  ared  ft8,  Mr.  CJcorge  Sngden,  law- 


stationer,  author  of  the  Yorkshire  Weather  i 
nack,  and  correspondent  to  the  local  ne' 
for  many  years.  In  183S  he  obtained  i 
exceeding  300/.  for  rebuilding  the  organ  in  the 
parish  church  of  Howden  ;  and  as  a  tribute  of  re- 
spect to  his  exertions,  a  plate  was  placed  on  the 
front  of  the  organ,  bearing  tlie  following  in9crii>- 
tion  :— *'  This  organ  was  rebtiilt  by  ilr.  Ward,  of 
York,  A.D.  1838,  the  requisite  ftmds  behig  obtained 
in  voluntary  contributions  by  >Ir.  George  Sngden." 

Aged  13,  the  Hon.  Wilraot  Shafto  Van^^ian, 
second  son  of  the  Earl  of  Lisbume. 

At  Epping,  aged  61,  Mr.  Anthony  A.  Watts,  late 
of  Cornhill  and  Woodford,  solicitor. 

Jan.  28.  At  Beccles,  Suflfolk,  aged  70,  Harriet, 
>\1fe  of  the  Rev.  Jarrett  Dashwood. 

At  Sherborne,  J.  Hilliar,  esq. 

At  Milton  Abljas,  Dorset,  aged  82,  Marj',  reUct 
of  S.  B.  Jcrrard,  esq. 

In  London,  aged  6,  Aray-Josephlne,  fourth  dau. 
of  Sir  Norton  Knatchbull,  Bart. 

At  Cheltenham,  Mrs.  Lombe,  widow  of  Edward 
Lombe,  e.*q.  of  Great  Melton,  Norfolk. 

At  Mancliester,  aged  77,  Thomas  Loyd,  caq. 

In  Londouu-road,  St.  John's-wood,  Arthur- 
Henry,  infant  son  of  the  Rev.  H.  W.  Maddock. 

At  Ombersley,  near  Worcester,  aged  85.  Sarah, 
relkrt  of  James  Paine,  esq. 

In  Cumberland-st.  Georgiaua,  widow  of  Lieut- 
Gen.  Sir  George  Quentin,  C.B.  and  K.G.U.  Slie 
was  the  youngest  dau.  of  James  Lawrell,  esq. 
of  East^mk  Park  and  Frimley,  Surrey  ;  was  mar- 
ried in  181 1,  and  left  a  widow  in  1851. 

At  Banbury,  aged  68,  John  Wise,  esq.  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  after  an  extenMre 
practice  in  that  place  of  upwards  of  forty  years. 

Jan.  29.  Aged  51,  John  Stenning  Allfrey,  esq. 
of  Newport,  Monmouthshire. 

At  Brighton,  aged  67,Thoma.s  Andrews,  esq. 

At  Nice,  aged  43,  George  Fificgerald,  esq.  son  of 
tlie  late  Lord  Robert  Fitzgerald,  and  cousin  to  the 
Duke  of  Leinster.  He  married  in  1834,  Mary,  dau. 
of  the  late  Thomas  Barton,  esq.  of  Grove,  co.  Tip. 

In  Harrington-st.  Rogent's-pk.  aged  78,  Lieut.- 
Col.  Williain  Somarsall  Forbes,  formerly  of  the 
8iUh  Regt. 

At  Claverley  Cottage,  Saloi»,  aged  85,  Christo- 
pher Gabert,  c«q. 

At  Beverlev,  Mary,  >vife  of  the  Rev.  William 
Uildyard. 

At  Nottingham,  Catherine  -  Margaretta  -  Jane. 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Hinde,  of 
Win  wick  Priory,  Lancashire. 

At  Sussex-terrace,  Hyde-park-gardens,aged  Al, 
John  Hulbcrt,  esq.  of  Mincing-lane,  City. 

At  Sandgate,  Kent,  aged  38,  James  Haijori- 
banks,  esq. 

At  Edinburgh,  Henry  Maxwell,  esq.  merchant 
at  Leith,  brother  to  Sir  Wm.  A.  Maxwell,  Bart,  of 
Calderwood  Castle,  co.  Lanark. 

At  Coimaught-pl.  West,  age<l  47,  the  Right  Hon. 
Trances-Catharine  Lady  MnncaHter,  of  Warter 
Hall,  Yorkshire.  Her  ladyship  was  the  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Sir  John  Ramsden,  Bart,  of  Byrom 
Hall,  and  aunt  to  the  present  baronet.  She  waa 
married  in  1H28,  and  left  a  widow  in  1838.  Her 
eldest  son,  Tramel  Augustns  Pennington,  the  pre- 
sent Lord  Muncaster,  attained  his  majority  a  few 
weiks  ago,  and  has  just  graduated  at  Cambridse. 
Her  ladyship  also  leaves  four  other  children,  me 
Hon.  Jossylin  Pennington,  bom  1834  ;  the  Hon. 
Alan  Joseph  Pennington, bom  1837;  and  two  dans. 

At  Crimplesham,  Norfolk,  aged  73,  N.  Negus, 
e.Mi.  fonnerly  common  councilman  of  Portsoken 
Ward,  London. 

Aged  21,  (ieorge-Henry-Skipscy,  second  son  of 
the  late  L.  Perrottet,  esq.  of  Oxford-ter.  Hyde-pk. 

Aged  77.  Ralph  Stevenson,  es<i.  fomierly  of  Co- 
bridge,  Staffordshire. 

At  Falmouth,  aged  57,  ^larianna,  widow  of  the 
Rev.  George  Treweckc,  Rector  of  Illogan. 

At  Clifton  Lodge,  St.  John's-wcod,  aged  6*, 
Charlotte,  widow  of  William  Trull,  esq. 

Jan.  30.    In  Great  Pre«cot-st.  OoodmanVfields, 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


aged  84,  Solomon  Abraham^,  esq.  of  the  Stock  ]^x- 
change. 

At  Cambridge,  aged  41,  Harriott,  wife  of  Demiis 
Adams,  esq.  surgeon. 

At  Fareham,  aged  71,  Alethea  Lawle.ss,  relict  of 
Capt.  John  Miller  Adye,  R.N.  and  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  Adm.  Billy  Douglas. 

At  her  son-iu-law's,  Thomas  Messiter,  e&q.  in 
Harewood-sq.  aged  80,  Lady  Alston. 

At  Torquay,  aged  40,  Maria,  third  dau.  of  Wm. 
Bayley,  esq.  banker,  Shrewsbury. 

Aged  66,  William  Beanchamp,  esq.  of  Finefleld, 
Slough,  Bucks. 

At  Mortlake,  aged  47,  Jane,  wife  of  Mr.  Daniel 
de  Castro. 

At  York-buildlugs,  New-road,  Mary,  widow  of 
M^or  Thomas  Dodd,  Royal  Art. 

In  the  Cloisters,  Windsor,  aged  71,  Sarah  Ann, 
widow  of  Capt.  Hoftinau,  R.N. 

At  Westboume-terrace,  Hyde-park,  aged  4, 
Alice-Charlotte,  youngest  child  of  Capt.  Sir  T. 
Moitland,  of  H.M.S.  Agamemnon. 

At  Branstoue  House,  near  Burton-on-Trent, 
aged  41 ,  Mary- Ann,  the  wife  of  Henry  Mason,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  William  Rhodes,  esq.  of  Batley  Car. 

At  Mountfleld  House,  Musbury,  Devon,  aged  50, 
Caroline,  wife  of  Richard  Whitehouse,  esq.  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  barristcr-at-law. 

Jan.  81.  At  Petersham ,  Surrey,  aged  77 ,  Louisa, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Simeon  Baratty,  esq.  of 
Croydon. 

At  Hounslow,  aged  75,  Henry  Chipchase,  esq. 

At  his  residence,  WeMtboumc-pI.  Clifton,  aged 
74,  John  Bower  ClifTe,  esq. 

Aged  74,  WUliam  Cuthbert,  esq.  of  Beauft-ont, 
Nortliumberland. 

In  Sale-st.  Cambrldge-terr.  Thomas  Daly,  esq. 
formerly  of  Dalyston,  co.  Galway. 

MUdred,  infant  dau.  of  Mr.  C.  Weutworth  Dilke. 

Aged  68,  Margaret,  relict  of  Mr.  Robert  Ford,  of 
Tumham-greon,  and  Bath-st.  Newgate-st. 

In  Dorset-st.  Portman-S4i.  at  an  advanced  age, 
Thomas  Uarral,  esq.  formerly  editor  of  the  Suf- 
folk Chronicle,  and  afterwards  of  the  Bury  Ga- 
zette. 

At  the  Manor  House,  Wittenham,  Berks,  agc<l 
28,  Louisa,  wife  of  W.  T.  Ilayward,  esq. 

Aged  30.  Capt.  Frederick  James  Ibbetson,  hite 
of  the  2nd  Dragoon  Guards,  and  second  son  of  the 
late  Sir  Charles  IblHitsou,  Bart. 

In  St.  James's-pl.  St.  James'2»-st.  Lucy,  wife  of 
John  Boykett  Jarman,  esq.  of  Kosenau,  near 
Windsor. 

At  Brighton,  aged  70,  Robert  Mctcalf,  esq.  of 
Camberwell-grove. 

At  Chatham,  aged  Gl>,  Wm.  Henry  Townson,e8q. 

At  Richmond,  Yorkshire,  Cordelia,  tliird  dan.  of 
the  late  Major  Van  Straubenzee,  R.A.  of  East- 
rteld  House. 

At  Hfracombe,  aged  51 ,  Nlcholan  Hancy  Wilk- 
ing,  esq.  late  of  Shaldon. 

Aged  20,  Anna-Maria,  diiu.  of  the  Rev.  W. 
Wil.son,  D.D.  Vicar  of  Holy  Rliood,  Southampton. 

LaUhj.  Nicholas  Dill,  farmer,  aged  103,  resid- 
ing at  Hallyvolane,  in  the  nortli  liberties  of  Cork. 
His  brother,  Jeremiah  Dill,  aged  105,  still  lives  in 
the  same  farm.  They  were  bachelors,  and  resided 
together  during  their  lives  in  the  house  in  which 
they  were  born.  Their  father  lived  to  be  86,  and 
their  mother  to  1 12  years  of  age. 

At  Strantnlla,  near  Oban,  in  the  parish  of  Kil- 
more,  aged  105,  John  M'Innes.  He  was  possessed 
of  all  his  faculties  to  the  very  last,  and  till  recently 
could  walk  a  distance  of  four  miles  and  back  to 
his  residence. 

Isabella  Vance,  of  Clontarf.  She  has  bequeathed 
the  sum  of  ir>,0()0/.  Consols,  and  3,600/.  Tbree- 
and*a-Quarter  per  cent.  Stock,  to  Archdeacon 
Lindsay,  Rector  of  St.  Mary's,  and  the  Rev.  Charles 
Stanford,  Rector  of  St.  Michau's,  to  pay  lOW. 
yearly  to  five  religious  and  charitable  societies ; 
and  tlic  yearly  sum  of  67/.  for  the  Molyneox  Fe- 
male Blind  Afl^lum,  to  which  she  has  bequeathed 
oil  the  residue  of  her  property. 


FA.  1.  At  Westminster,  aged  61,  Robert  Al- 
ford,  esq.  Ute  of  Bridge-road,  Southwark. 

At  Redlaod,  aged  79,  Mrs.  Appleton. 

At  Salisbury,  in  his  74th  year,  Charles  Gewge  . 
Brodie,  esq.  many  years  an  eminent  wine  mer- ' 
chant  and  an  alderman  of  that  city.  He  was  a 
younger  brother  of  the  late  Wm.  Bird  Brodie,  esq. 
M.P.  for  that  city,  and  of  Sir  BeiUamin  Brodie, 
Bart,  being  the  fifth  and  youngest  son  of  the  Rer. 
Peter  Belluiger  Brodie,  Vicar  of  Winterslow,  by 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Bei^amin  Collins,  of  Mllford. 
He  married  in  1825  Catharine-Sarah,  eldest  dau. 
of  Walter  Ray,  esq.  of  Wicken  haO,  Suffolk,  and 
had  a  numerous  fiunily. 

At  We8t(m-super-]^re,  aged  50,  Mary-Helen, 
relict  of  M.  Hinton  Castle,  esq. 

Aged  94,  the  wiib  of  Mr.  George  Cawston,  tim- 
ber merchant.  Bury. 

In  South.«t.  Thurloe-sq.  Sarah,  relict  of  Samuel 
CoUingridge,  esq.  of  Qneen-sq.  and  Ewell,  Surrey. 

At  Croydon  Common,  Surrey,  aged  80,  Uniliam 
Day,  esq.  late  of  the  Home  OfBce.  For  many  yean 
a  vice-president  and  honorary  steward  of  the  St. 
Anne's  Schools,  and  a  warm  supporter  of  that 
institution. 

At  Roehampton,  aged  61,  T(»nkyns  Dew,  9/^. 
of  Whitney  Court,  Herefordshire. 

At  Appleby,  aged  85,  Jane,  relict  of  the  late 
Rev.  John  Heells,  M.A. 

At  Southampton,  aged  50,  Lieut.  George  Jones, 
of  the  1st  West  India  Regt. 

At  the  parsonage.  Great  Torrington,  aged  76, 
Harriet,  sister  of  Rawlln  Mallock,  esq.  AxnSnater. 

Suddenly,  aged  66,  John  Norman,  esq.  of  Dor- 
set-terr.  Clapbam-road.  and  Water-lane,Tower-st. 

Suddenly,  at  Clifton  Wood  House,  aged  6S,  John 
Nonis,  esq. 

Mary-Frances,  wife  of  Henry  Samuel  Partridge, 
esq.  of  Hockham  Hall,  Norfolk. 

At  his  brother-bi-law's,  Gloucester-terr.  Hyde 
Park,  aged  31,  Capt.  Michael  ReddeU,  18th  Madraa 
In&ntry,  only  son  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  liicliMl 
Riddell,  Madraa  Cavalry. 

Aged  68,  at  Homsey,  Mary,  widow  of  Thomas 
Spooner,  esq.  of  Gewge-yard,  Lombard-et. 

Suddenly,  at  tlie  Bank  of  England,  aged  69,  Mr. 
U.  F.  P.  Voigt,  of  Stoke  Newington. 

At  Bath,  F.  M.  Were,  esq. 

Fd).'l.  At  Bath,  aged  76,  Mrs.  Elizab.  BedweU. 

At  Alveme-hill,  Penzance,  aged  86,  EUzalwtli, 
widow  of  John  Borlose,  esq.  late  of  Helston. 

At  Elm  Bank,  near  Worcester,  aged  75,  Mary, 
widow  of  John  Freeman,  esq.  of  Gaines,  Heref. 

At  Exeter,  aged  42,  George  Green,  esq.  late  land- 
steward  to  the  Earl  of  St.  Germains,  nmnerly  of 
Hungerford. 

At  Castle  Hedingham,  aged  91,  Mies  Charlotte 
Harwood. 

At  Upper  Gannicox,  Stroud,  aged  63,  WflUam 
Hunt,  esq. 

Aged  79,  Mr.  John  Kempton,  many  years  lay- 
derk  of  King's,  Trinity,  and  St.  John's  colleges, 
Cambridge. 

In  Kensingtto-creiic.  aged  6,  AlAred-WllUam- 
Seaham,  sixth  son  of  the  lion,  and  Rer.  William 
Towry  Law. 

At  Sauchy  Hall ,  GUisgow,  aged  66,  William  Meri- 
loes,  esq. 

At  Alexandria,  on  his  way  home,  of  Csrer,  Ghas.  • 
Robert, pungcst  son  of  the  Hon.  and  Rer.  Edward 
Moore,  Canon  of  Wbidsor. 

In  Portman-st.  Barracks,  aged  19,  Edward,  se- 
cond son  of  William  Morse,  esq.  of  the  Cddstreim 
Gnards. 

Aged  68,  Robert  Rashlelgh,  esq.  formerly  Capt. 
bi  the  South  Hants  MiUtia. 

At  Combe  St.  Ntoholas,  Som.  the  reatdenee  of 
her  sister.  Miss  Cooke,  aged  64,  Mary,  wife  of  John 
Francis  Solomlac,  esq.  of  Whitehall,  Combe  St 
Nicholas. 

At  Cli4>liam  Common,  aged  76,  Dan.  TayUVfOaq. 

In  Rusaell-eq.  Eleanor,  second  dan.  of  the  I«to 
•John  Teesdale,  vif\% 

In  South  Lambeth,  aged  57,  Mr.  Jamn  Watton, 


334 


Obituary. 


[Man4i^ 


eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  L.  Walton,  Perpetual  Curate 
of  Weadling  and  Longham,  Norfolk. 

In  Fitzroy-sq.  aged  78,  Christian,  widow  of 
Richard  Cumberlege  Ware,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  90,  Jane,  relict  of  Joseph 
Baker,  e-sq.  of  the  Priory,  Chichester. 

Feb.  3.  In  Mitre-court,  Temple,  John  Thomas 
Bowles,  esq.  barrister-at-law.  He  was  called  to 
the  bar  at  Lincoln's-inn,  May  7,  1844. 

At  Sherborne,  aged  69,  Benjamin  Chandler,  esq. 

Aged  51,  Walter  Cockshot,  esq.  iron-fbunder, 
late  a  member  of  the  corporation,  and  formerly 
mayor,  of  Clitiieroe. 

In  the  Close,  Salisbury,  aged  31 ,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Townlcy  Ward  Dowding,  Vicar  of  Pre- 
shute,  Wilts. 

In  Burton-crescent,  aged  69,  Benjamin  Charles 
Thomas  Gray,  esq. 

Aged  62,  William  Green,  esq.  of  Coddenham 
Hall,  Boxford,  Lord  of  the  Manor. 

In  Newman-street,  aged  59,  Frances-Goodwin, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  David  Hebbes,  esq.  of 
Windsor. 

At  De  Beauvolr-town,  aged  24,  Richard-Ben- 
yon,  fourth  son  of  John  Lake,  esq.  of  Lincoln's-inn. 

At  Witham,  Wasev-James,  fourth  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  Newman,  late  Vicar  of  Witham. 

At  Poole,  Dorset,  aged  69,  Mr.  George  Penney, 
an  alderman  and  magLstrate  of  that  borough. 

At  Woolwich,  aged  72,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Ro- 
bert Pringle,  esq.  late  Ordnance  Storekeeper  at 
Gibraltar. 

Anna,  wife  of  the  Rev.  James  £.  T.  Rogers,  M.A. 
of  Wellington-place,  Oxford. 

At  Shephall  parsonage,  near  Stevenage,  Herts, 
Frances-Ellen,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Uriah 
Tonkin,  Vicar  of  Lelant,  Cornwall. 

At  Heavltree,  Harriet,  only  sister  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  Wright,  Vicar  of  Winklcigh. 

Feb.  4.  Aged  58,  John  Atkinson,  esq.  of  Griz- 
zlefleld  House,  near  Thirsk,  and  formerly  of 
Birdsall  Grange. 

At  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Emily,  widow  of  Charles  de 
Coetlogon,  esq.  of  Wilton-i»t.  and  Ashford,  Kent. 

At  Richmond,  Surrey,  in  her  90th  year,  Lady 
Theresa  Dease,  relict  of  James  Dease,  o«i.  of  Tur- 
botson,  CO.  Westmeath,  Ireland, and  aunt  to  the 
Earl  of  Fingall.  She  was  dau.  of  Arthur-Jumes 
7th  Earl,  by  Henriette-Maria,  only  dau.  and  heir 
of  Wm.  Woolascot,  esq.of  Woolhampton,  co.  Berks. 

Sarah-Martha,  dau.  of  John  Dobson,  esq.  South- 
ampton-place, Euston-square. 

Aged  65,  Richard  Drake,  esq.  of  Brompton,  late 
of  the  Audit  OfRce,  Somerset  House. 

At  Great  Torrington,  aged  54,  Mary,  widow  of 
Robert  Tunstall  Haverfleld,  Captain  R.N. 

Ellen,  wife  of  Ralph  Edward  G.  Johnson,  esq. 

Aged  83,  Thomas  Lane,  esq.  of  Bath. 

At  Ncmpnett,  aged  74,  Lieut.  Joseph  lickcring, 
4th  foot. 

In  the  Albion-road,  HoUoway-road,  aged  56, 
Joseph  Tliomas  Poolcy,  esq. 

Feb.  5.  Aged  48,  Augusta,  wife  of  George  Ar- 
bnthnot,  es^i.  of  Twickenham,  and  late  of  Craven 
hill,  London. 

At  Paignton,  aged  21,  Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  John 
Bickley,  esq. 

Aged  56,  Elizabeth-Henry,  wife  of  Henry  But- 
'  terworth,  esq.  of  Fleet-st.  London,  and  Upper  Toot- 
ing, Surrey,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  lateCapt.  Henry 
Whitehead,   1st  Dragoon  Guards,  of   I.Amboth, 
Surrey,  and  Epsley,  In  Mitfbrd,  Northumberland. 

At  his  residence,  Esk  Hall,  Sleigh t««,  near 
Whitby,  aged  69,  Samuel  Campion,  esq. 

Suddenly,  at  Cambridge,  Mr.  Charles  Clayton, 
uncle  to  the  Rev.  C.  Clayton,  Senior  Fellow  and 
Tutor  of  Gonville  and  Caius  College. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  96,  Louisa,  relict  of  Capt. 
John  Cooke,  of  the  Bellerophon,  who  fell  at  the 
acUon  of  Trafalgar,  Oct.  21,  isa"?. 

In  Portland-place,  aged  79,  Henrietta,  widow  of 
Samuel  Davis,  esq. 

At  Scarborough,  aged  94,  Mrs.  Clarissa  Dods- 
worth,  widotr. 


Aged  68,  Miss  Charlotte  Hicks,  of  Lewiaham. 

In  Finsbury-sq.  aged  66,  Elizabeth,  widotr  of 
Abraham  Levy,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  Jane,  second  dan.  of  the  late  Georfe 
More  Nisbett,  esq.  of  Caimhill,  Lanarkshire. 

At  King's  Norton,  aged  82,  Mr.  John  Soathall, 
youngest  son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Southall,  for  xtacof 
years  Rector  of  Kington,  and  brother  to  the  late 
Rev.  Henry  Southall,  Rector  of  Kington  and  VIcsr 
of  Bishampton. 

At  Merry-hill  House,  Bushey,  Herts,  aged  7S, 
Catherine-Jane,  wife  of  John  westUdEo,  eaq.  late 
of  her  Majesty's  Customs. 

Aged  66,  John  Worsey,  esq.  of  Bearley. 

Feb.  6.  At  Derby,  aged  19,  Sophia,  eldest  daa. 
of  the  late  William  Baker,  esq.  M.D. 

In  the  Kingsland-road,  aged  66,  Samnel  Beau- 
mont Cheeswright,  esq. 

Aged  68,  William  Colfox,  esq.  senior  alderman 
and  magistrate  of  the  borough  of  Bridport. 

At  SaflFron  Walden,  at  the  residence  of  her  son- 
in-law,  Joseph  Le  Caud  Taylor,  esq.  aged  71,  Ann 
relict  of  Samuel  Tayspill  Day,  esq.  of  Stansted. 

At  Dawlish,  aged  48,  Captain  Forbes. 

At  Ipswich,  aged  78,  Isabella,  relict  of  Edward 
Young  Hancock,  esq.  formerly  of  Romford. 

At  Bletchley  Cottage,  Bucks,  Reginald-WUUam, 
infant  son  of  Richard  Selby  Lowndes,  esq. 

At  Woodside,  near  Windsor,  Mary-Philipna-Iaa- 
l)ella  Milner,  third  dan.  of  the  late  Thoe.  wheder 
Milner,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  65,  Anne,  widow  of  Mi^ 
Newenham,  for  many  years  M.P.  for  Clonmel, 
Ireland. 

At  Topsham,  at  the  house  of  her  fether,  Mr.  IC. 
Troake,  chemist,  of  consumption,  aged  S8,  Mar7, 
wife  of  Mr.  Charles  Richards,  late  of  Exeter,  soli- 
citor. 

At  Chtslehampton  Lodge,  Oxfordshire,  aged  77, 
Charles  Peers,  esq.  D.C.L.  for  many  years  a  ma- 
gistrate and  deputy-lieut.  for  the  county,  and  re- 
corder of  Henley-on-Thames.  He  was  the  only 
son  of  Robert  Peers,  esq.  of  the  same  place,  who 
died  in  1818,  by  Mary,  dau.  of  John  Day,  esq.  of 
Erith.  He  served  sheriff  of  Oxfordshire  in  18S1. 
He  married  in  1826  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Robert  Lowth,  and  grand-daughter  of  the 
Bishop  of  London,  but  had  no  issne^ 

Feb,T.  At  Plymouth,  aged  79,  Mrs.  Adama, 
relict  of  Capt.  Adams,  of  the  34th  Regt.  and  lat- 
terly of  1st  R.  Vet.  Battalion. 

At  Cheltenham-road,  Exeter,  aged  86,  Ann, 
relict  of  Samuel  Ash,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  56,  Tlioraas  Ebeneser  John 
Boileau,  esq.  late  of  the  Hon.  E.  I.  Company's 
Civil  Service  on  their  Madras  Establishment. 

Mary,  widow  of  Francis  George  Bnrridge,  eaq. 
late  of  Lillesden,  Hawkhurst,  Kent. 

At  Oxford,  aged  62,  William  Cleobury,  esq.  Mur- 
geon.  He  enjoyed  high  reputation  as  an  oculist, 
was'surgeon  to  the  Radcliflfe  Infirmary  nearly  88 
years,  and  consulting  8urge<ni  to  the  Wameford 
and  Littlemore  Asyltims. 

At  Lancaster,  aged  89,  Alice,  relict  of  A.  Cromp- 
ton,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  57,  Daniel  Daviea,  esq. 

Suddenly,  Andrew  Kennedy  Hutchison,  esq.  of 
Kcnsington-gardeu-terrace,  Hyde-park,  and  of 
Fumival's-inn. 

At  the  Green,  Stratford,  aged  59,  John  Knowles, 
esq. 

In  South-st.  Grosvenor-sq.  Williamina,  fourth 
clan,  of  the  late  Donald  Matheson,  esq.  of  Shinees, 
Sutherlandshiro. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  IG,  Rolwrt-Thomason, 
eldest  son  of  Robert  Montgomery,  esq.  Bengal 
Civil  Service. 

At  Sunbury-place,  Middlesex,  aged  70,  Jane, 
widow  of  the  late  Richard  Purves,  esq. 
Ethelbert  Bigland  Rose,  esq.  of  Burton-crescent. 
At  Manchester,  Joehna  Todd,  esq.  solicitor,  se- 
cond son  of  the  late  Mr.  William  Todd,  forroerlj 
postmaster  of  Sheffield,  and  proprietor  and  founder 
of  the  Sheffield  Merenrr.    Mr.  Joehna  Todd  was 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


335 


at  one  period  the  proprietor  of  the  Leeds  Indepen- 
dent, a  newspaper  which  ceased  to  exist  in  1836, 
when  he  became  for  a  sh<nrt  time  Joint-proprietor 
of  the  Sheffield  Mercury  with  his  brother,  the  late 
Mr.  Henry  Todd. 

At  Chandos-lodge,  Eye,  aged  59,  Ann,  relict  of 
John  Wythe,  esq. 

Feb.  8.  At  Hackney,  aged  78,  John  Charles  Bar- 
rett, esq. 

At  Sidmoatb,  aged  71,  Ann-iYances,  widow  of 
Gen.  Baynes,  and  dan.  of  the  late  Wm  Cator,  esq. 

At  Whitefleld  House,  Cumberland,  aged  73, 
Joscpli  Gillbanks,  esq.  one  of  her  Majes^'s  deputy- 
lieutenants  for  that  county,  and  for  nearly  forty 
years  an  active  magistrate.  He  was  the  son  of 
JoHeph  Gillbanks,  esq.  of  Scothwaite  Close,  where 
the  family  were  settled  for  two  centuries.  From 
1800  to  1814  he  resided  as  a  merchant  in  Jamaica, 
and,  on  his  return,  be  purchased  extensive  estates 
in  Cumberland.  He  married  in  1819  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  Ralph  Jackson,  esq.  of  Normanby  House, 
CleveUnd,  niece  to  the  Hon.  K.  Jackson,  Chief 
Justice  of  Jamaica,  and  has  left  issue  a  son,  Jack- 
son Gillbanks,  bom  in  1819,  and  two  daughters. 

At  Sherborne,  Dorset,  Walter-Francis-Sheil, 
fourth  son  of  W.  C.  Macready,  esq. 

Aged  66,  Thomas  Penny,  oiq.  of  Brompton-row, 
and  Brighton,  Sussex. 

At  St.  Clement's,  Ipswich,  aged  87,  Sarah,  relict 
of  Robert  Ranson,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  82,  Frances-Browne,  widow 
of  George  Boone  Roupell,  esq.  one  of  the  Masters 
in  Chancery. 

James  Bevan  Smith,  esq.  of  South-bank,  Pen- 
dleton, near  Manchester. 


At  Newland  Park,  aged  17,  Stephen-Frands, 
second  surviving  son  of  Henry  Tempest,  esq. 

Aged  71,  Honor,  relict  of  John  Trinder,  esq.  of 
Rowley-green,  Shenley,  Herts. 

Feb,  9.  At  Batiiford,  Ferdinand  W.  Beeher,eMi. 

At  Ventnor,  I.  W.,  lurod  M,  Julia-^Seorgina, 
youngest  dau.  of  James  Burton,  esq.  of  Poir&-pl. 
Queen-sq. 

At  Fenleonard  House,  near  Exeter,  Dorotliy- 
Elizabeth,  only  surviving  child  of  Jackson  Gandy, 
esq.  of  Liverpool. 

At  York,  Anne-Evans,  wife  of  FTands  S.  Hack- 
man,  esq.  of  Burton-on-Trent. 

At  the  residence  of  his  mother,  Charles-Rice, 
eldest  son  of  Charles  Rice  Ileynes,  esq.  late  of  Ban- 
bury, and  formerly  of  Chippixig  Nwlon. 

Aged  81,  John  Horstman,  esq.  of  Ditton  House, 
Surrey,  and  of  Finsbnry-sq. 

In  Nottingham-place,  Regent*s-park,  aged  M, 
Donald  Maclean,  esq. 

In  Tavlstock-eq.  aged  65,  Judith,  relict  of  Daniel 
Melhado,e8a.  late  of  Jamaica. 

Aged  75,  Sarah,  widow  of  Philip  Perrlng ,  esq.  of 
Devonshire-pl.  Marylebone. 

In  Conduit-st.  Hsnover-sq.  Jane,  wife  of  Chailee 
ROfwns,  esq.  of  Kingston-upon-Iliaines. 

At  Bromley-cottiMse,  aged  88,  Anne,  reHet  of  tiie 
Rev.  Ambrose  Serle,  Rector  of  Kelvedon  HMch. 

Feb.  10.  In  East-Uuie,  Walworth,  aged  79,  Bar- 
riet-Tftylor,  relict  of  George  Blckerton,  eeq. 

At  Coddenham  Hall,  Boxford,  aged  8S,  Hiigb 
Green,  esq. 

In  East  India-Toad,  aged  81,  Mr.  Peter  Howart. 
To  hhn  the  plate  glass  manu&cture  of  Great  Bri. 
tain  is  indebted  for  much  valuable  improvement. 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
(From  the  RetufM  Utued  by  the  lUgUtrat'Chnertil,) 


Deaths  Registered 

l| 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 

Under! 
15.    . 

15  to 
60. 

60  and     Age  not 
upwards,  specified. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Jan.         29  . 
Feb.          5  . 

M      12  . 

»      19  . 

451  ! 

550 ; 

479  ! 

534 

1 

324 
391 
452 
424 

235     1        1 
278             1 
293           17 
370           — 

'  1011 

:  1220 

1241 

1328 

511 
649 
625 
619 

500 
571 
616 
709 

1712 
1559 
1241 
1581 

Wheat. 
#.  d. 
45    2 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Fbb.  18. 
Barley.    |     Oats.     |      Rye.      |    Beans. 


#.    d, 
31     5 


t. 

18 


t.    d. 

30  11 


t.    d. 

34  10 


Peas. 

t.   d. 

ai   9 


PRICE  OP  HOPS,  Feb.  21. 
Sussex  Pockets,  4/.  10«.  to  5/.  5«.— Kent  Pockets,  4/.  lOt.  to  8/.  Off. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  8MITHFIBLD,  Fn.  21. 

Hay,  3/.  12#.  to  4/.  6«.—Straw,  1/.  8ff.  to  1/.  12«.~CIoTer,  3/.  lOff.  to  5/.  Off. 
SMITHFIELD,  Feb.  21.    To  sink  the  Offal-^per  stone  of  Slbs. 

Beef 3ff.    0<;.  to  4ff.    2d.  \    Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Fn.  2L 

Mutton 3ff.  10(2.  to  4ff.  10(f.  Beasts 3,804   CalTCS  130 

Veal 3ff.    2d,XoA9,    Sd.  Sheep andLambs   17,270   Pigs      305 

Pork 2».  lOJ.  to4#.    Od.  \ 

COAL  MARKET,  Feb.  18. 

Walls  Ends,  &c.  16ff.  6d,  to  25ff.  Od,  per  ton.     Otber  sorts,  16ff.  Od.  to  18ff.  6d, 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.~Town  TUlow,  46ff.  6d.     YeUow  Bmria,  46ff.  Bd. 


336 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  GARY,  Strand. 
From  January  26,  to  February  23,  1853,  both  inclunve. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 

Fahrenheit's  Therm. 

1   U     i    : 

Weather. 

o-S 

-Si 

o 

o 

li 

|2 

B 
2 

Weather. 

Jan. 

0 

°    .     °    in.pts., 

"Feb. 

0 

0 

o 

in.  pts. 

26 

37 

39     37   29,  65 

cloudy,  sleet 

i   10 

35 

36 

34 

29,07 

'  rain,  snow 

27 

37 

36     38       ,76 

do.  snow 

1  11 

32 

36 

30 

,33 

i  fair.  do. 

28 

38 

43     39       ,  76 

do.  fair 

i   12 

29 

31. 

31 

,37 

!  snow 

29 

38 

42     40       ,  83 

do.  do. 

!  13 

30 

34 

30 

,57 

'  do.  fair 

30 

36 

42     42       ,  74 

do.  do. 

14 

30 

33 

29 

,75 

i  do.  do. 

31 

38 

4o     37   30,  13 

do.  do.           1 

1   15 

27 

33 

31 

,77 

cloudy,  fair 

F.  1 

32 

25     25       ,  09  , 

foggy              i 

>  16 

31  , 

37 

28 

,76 

■  do.  do. 

2 

34< 

46     38   29,  58  1 

do.  fair    *       ; 

17 

32  ' 

34 

29, 

,67 

do. 

3 

37 

40  1  39       ,  53  : 

fair 

18 

28  ' 

31 

26  ' 

,47 

do.  do. 

4 

38 

32  1  35       ,  76  ! 

do.  ra.  foggy , 

19 

26  , 

3.3 

29  . 

,58 

fair,  snow 

5 

35 

41   j  37       ,  78 

snow,  fair 

20 

29 

34 

3'  1 

,74 

do.  do. 

6 

37 

40  1  39       ,  69 

•oggyi  do.      i 

21 

30 

36 

31  ! 

30,  01 

do.  do.  cldy. 

7 

40 

43  ,  38       ,48 

fair,  rn.  sleet  | 

22 

30    : 

35 

37 

29,89 

cldy.  do.  rain 

8 

37 

39  I  33       ,18 

lo.                  ' 

23  , 

36 

4.3 

:^ 

,47 

rn.fr.snw.bail 

9. 

37 

42  '  38       ,02 

\o. 

1 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


C  T3 


v. 
Qi    O 


e 

6 


^ 


§•3 » ill  Is 


Ex.  Bilb, 
jglOOO. 


28  227^ 

29  228} 
31  228} 

1  2281 

2  228} 

3  228} 

4  227} 

5  227} 

7  228} 

8  228  : 
9228  : 

10  228 
11228 
12227f 
14  228 
15228 
lb*  227 
17  228 
18228 
19  228 
21228 

22  227 

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J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Chambers,  Angel  Court, 

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J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  SON,  PRINTBRS,  25»  PARLIAMENT  STRBST. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN^S   MAGAZINE 


HISTORICAL   IlEYIEW. 

APRIL,  1853. 


I 


CONTENTS. 

VAOX 

MINOR  CORRESrONDENCE,— Barony  of  Oxenfoord-LndyPttlmPPrton— The  •*  Siirniinc  "  of 

OncljiU— Cliair  of  tlic  Pwt  lla*on— CoiimiJttee  oo  the  NnUoniU  Oftllery  * , SK 

The  Text  of  Sbakspere's  Plays 339 

Tbe  Hbtory  of  Rome  :  hj  Mra.  HamiUon  Graj * . . «  348 

Tjirea  and  Penates  ;  or,  Cilicla  and  its  Governors  {ufith  Engratfings) 355 

Jaf!ques  van  Artevelde  . , « *.....  •*.«.*  *•*..«  . , *  3G'0 

James  ThomaoQ  aiid  *'  The  Winter's  Day''— Allan  Hamaay  and  '*  The  Tea  Tabfe 

Miacelbny*' , ,  ..  368 

A  Word  upon  Wigs 370 

The  Income  Tax ,. 377 

Paria  after  Waterloo 384 

COBKESPONDKKCE  OF  SYLVANtJS  URBAK.— Concenlors.  r>r  Discov^^rurs  of  Concealed  Land* 
— Ricbarrt  of  Cir«nc«srter— Artifice  of  a  Condemned  Malefactor  in  tbc  1 7th  Century—BlU 
ling]^atc  and  WhittinKton'a  Conduit;  Komeland 3'^'' 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTIL— Tlie  IJterary  Ftwd  Sodetj-^Prlnter**  Penalon  Sodetj— Stotlatltal 
Society— JUcroftcopifjsl  Society— lioa^je  Centenaiy  and  the  Derby  Uxmmn  at  Liverpool— 
Mmetmu  of  Port-eloln  and  Cubiaot-Work,  and  of  tlie  Grejit  Exhibition  of  IRAl— The  City 
of  London  Library— Tlie  Lt>ndon  Ijijrtitution— St,  JAnie^V  Lilerajy  Jind  Scientific  StK-icty— 
Univendtles  of  Oxford  an rl  Cjimhrlfl«o— Sideutiilc  I>iatinction»-lJf.  Layard— Scott,  of  Ab* 
boliiird'-lfonumQDt  \q  Mr.  G.  R.  I'ortcr— Prlic  Es«ay  on  llie  Hindu  pluloHophy  -Ai.*»>Tlan 
palaee  at  KJiorsabad— lioumn  tt^sscRuiod  pavement  at  York— Colnr*  found  at  WetUoore— 
Brottenluxn  clicirth,  Norfolk— Painted  windows  at  Lambeth  anil  St.  Mjiry  RedcUfff;, 
Briitol'-Ttie  Prince  of  Canlno's  Plctim*— Tbe  Bowycr  Bible— Tbe  Koh-1-Noor  dtatuoiid— 
New  York  CryataJ  PaLice-WiR  of  the  KmKror  Napoleoti -Library  of  l>r,  llawtrey- 
Bynuu  and  HomiUes  of  Epliroem  Syroft *.*...* *,.,....        394 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLAKEOOS  REVIEWS.— Mrs.  Jamciwn'a  Lcucnd«  of  the  Ma- 
donna, 400 ;  UuglMMV  Vale  h/ayni  of  England,  404  ;  The  CoRo<iiuc»  of  ICdward  0«borne, 
40ft;  Tilt' 01 VII  t  J*...-.  *.  nf  i».n,M*iiicni».  by  G.  R.  Kennedy,  406;  Wouuiii's  Record,  by 
Mrs.  Hale*  li. ;    ^  r  Miiir^  408  ;    Bertha  fllo  Sv'lnnerln.  by  Karl  Slmrock, 

ib.  I    HoIinlx>f/  ^H  of  the  Norwcgii»n  IjintriiaAf,  4b0  ;    Mj*s  Ilerlnfrt's 

Legetnd  ofPeiuiu   ..    i...  „. .  ,^u.i   DrLunmt^ndS  Scene^s  and  LuiprosAioux  «jf  Italy  and 

SwR^ertond- Muihleia'  lijiiiibiiw  in  au  Old  City— Life  by  iJio  Fini«ldc-trardcuV  Laclurcs 

on  Ibc  Reatllurle*— A  Bocjk  for  the  Sea-side * • *** 

ANTIQUARIAN   RESEARCHES— Society  of  Anliritiflric#,  412  j   A  tr. ; 

Britiftb  Arcbaeologica)  Aitiwcbtion,  41G  ;    K nini-'^ina tic  Socle ts  ^'f 

Antltiiiarioa,  4 IB  i  Boclety  of  Antlciunriey  of  Scotland,  419  ;  C.ii.  'V        ^^^ 

HISTORICAL  CKI;0N1CLE.— Foreign  News,  421 ;  Domestic  Occurrewc^ -  •        *« 

rromotloiiA  and  Preferments,  433 ;  Blrtbi,43t&i  HarriAjsen 435 

OBirUARY ;  with  Memoirs  of  The  Earl  of  BeRJwt ;  Dr,  Kaye,  Bi»b(>p  of  Lincoln  ;  Dr. 
fironghton,  Riibop  of  Sydney;  Sir  WaUien  Waller,  Bart- ;  Lieut--CJv'n.  Sir  A.  Pilkinsfion  ; 
Lient-Gcn.  Sir  W.  S.  Whisb;  MiOor-OenomI  Bnid^hnw  \i  nur.ri,  »„ ml  All.in  :  Kear- 
Adm.  C.J.  Austen;  Citpt.  E.J.  Johnfon.F.K.S:  L\i|>r  T. 

H.  Bridget,  R.N. ;  Sir  Thomas  Braucker  ;  Col,  Dfmitiii  ^ 

Kedipirin  HoakiuA,  Esq.?  Edw*rd  itojier*.  E»q.  ;  WlRiau^  .  '  i  ; 
ller.  Francbi  Hodgaoo,  B.D.;  John  Philii*  r»yotl,  E«i. ;  Juhu  '  "ro^tiry, 
M.D. :  William  Clcobnrcy,  Eaq. ;  Jobn  Lawrence,  Jon.  E*ii.  \  K.&.A,  % 
Frederick  Shoberl,  Eaq. ;  Mr.  WRUam  Bynuar,  R.S.A. ;  Joiiie  a  .428—441 

Da  ATua,  arranged  in  Olirobolosieal  Order  ...,..., ,. 44% 

Re^atrar-Oeneral's  Eetunu  of  Mortality  In  iko  MetropoUa— Markets,  4ft&;  Meteorological 

Diary— Dally  Price  of  Stoek*.... -w^ 


Bt   SYLVANUS  urban,  GiEiiT. 


338 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


F.  S.  R.  writes  to  correct  two  errors  in 
the  March  number  of  our  Magazine.  In 
the  memoir  of  the  Earl  of  Stair  it  was 
stated  that  the  British  Peerage  of  Oxen- 
foord  created  in  1841  has  become  extinct. 
This  is  not  so,  as  a  special  remainder  was 
granted  to  the  present  EarL 

In  the  memoir  of  Viscount  Melbourne 
it  is  also  incorrectly  stated  that  Lady  Pal- 
merston  is  childless.  By  her  first  husband 
the  late  Earl  Cowper  she  has  several 
children.  By  the  death  of  her  brother,  she 
succeeds  as  heiress  to  the  family  estates, 
which  came  originally  from  Mr.  Peniston 
Lamb,  a  great  conveyancing  lawyer  of 
Lincoln's  Inn,  about  a  century  ago.  The 
splendid  family  plate,  which,  with  Brockett 
Hall,  paid  1,500/.  duty  to  the  State  when 
it  last  passed  in  1848  to  the  late  Viscount, 
wiU  now  again,  within  a  short  four  years, 
pay  the  same  tax.  It  is  very  valuable  and 
massive,  and  with  the  pictures,  of  which 
there  is  a  fine  collection  at  Brockett,  con- 
stitutes a  magnificent  heir-loom  for  the 
Cowper  family. 

By  the  will  of  the  late  Viscount  Mel- 
bourne, the  dowager  Viscountess  derives 
an  interest  of  7,000/.  per  annum  payable 
from  the  person  holding  the  entailed  es- 
tates at  Melbourne  and  Brockett.  The 
residue  of  the  real  and  personal  estate,  the 
latter  of  which  is  sworn  under  lGO,000/.,is 
bequeathed  to  Viiicountess  Palmerston. 

Genealogicus  observes  that,  in  con- 
sequence of  a  verdict  obtained  by  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  Weekly  Dispatch  against 
the  Duke  of  Brunswick  and  others  (upon 
a  new  trial  upon  a  former  action  in  which 
the  Duke  obtained  a  verdict  of  500/.  da- 
mages), proceedings  of  outlawry  have  been 
issued  against  the  Duke  out  of  the  Sheriff's 
Court  of  Middlesex,  and  the  Duke  has 
thereupon  been  proclaimed  an  outlaw  **  by 
the  name  and  description  of  Charles  Fre- 
derick Augustus  William  Guelph,  esquire." 
This  surname  of  Guelph  is  also  popularly 
attributed  to  our  own  Royal  Family  ;  but 
not  by  the  Heralds'  College,  in  whose  re- 
cords they  are  styled  •♦  Prince  George  of 
Brunswick  Lunenburg,'*  &c.  Grnka- 
LOGicus  inquires  whether  there  is  any  sub- 
stantial authority  for  assigning  ''Guelph" 
as  eitumame  to  the  House  of  Brunswick? 

We  understand  that  the  favourite  Chair 
of  the  Poet  Mason  has  been  bequeathed 
by  the  late  Rev.  William  Alderson  (who 
was  commemorated  in  our  Obituary  of 
November  last,  p.  531)  to  the  Rev.  John 
Mitford,  the  Editor  of  Gray;  and  that  Mrs. 
Alderson  has  also  very  kindly  given  to  Mr. 
Mitford  the  portrait  of  the  Poet  Whyte- 
head,  painted  by  Mason's  own  hand,  which 
recently  adorned  the  parsonage  at  Aston. 

Addenda  to  the  Obituary  qf  Clergymen 
inp,  327.— The  Rev.  A,  H,  fi^a/Zwas  the 
eldest  son  of  tb«  late  Rev,  Henry  Small,  of 


Clifton  Reynes,  Bncks.— The  Rev.  B.  8. 
Crqfi  was  the  second  son  of  the  late  John 
Croft,  esq.  of  Langford  Court,  Somerset. 
^The  Rev.  H.  N.  Beaver  was  the  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Major  Beaver,  of  H.M. 
19th  Foot. 

P.  328.  The  Rev.  Francis  Gierke  was  the 
second  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Sir  Wm.  Henry 
Gierke,  the  eighth  Bart.  Rector  of  Bary 
in  Lancashire,  by  Byzantia,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Cartwright,  esq.  of  Aynhoe,  co. 
Northampton  ;  and  elder  brother  to  the 
Rev.  Charles  Can*  Gierke,  B.D.  sometime 
Archdeacon  of  Oxford. 

The  National  Gallery, — In  the  House 
of  Commons,  on  the  8th  of  March,  Col. 
Mure  moved  for  a  Committee  to  inquire 
into  the  management  of  the  National  Gal- 
lery,— also  to  consider  in  what  way  the 
collective  monuments  of  antiquity  and  fine 
art  possessed  by  the  nation  might  be  most 
securely  preserved,  judiciously  augmented, 
and  advantageously  exhibited  to  t^  public* 
Allusion  was  made  to  the  Committee  of 
1850,  and  to  the  excitement  that  has  re- 
cently existed  in  the  public  mind  with  re- 
ference to  the  cleaning  of  the  pictures. 
It  was  admitted  that  a  very  great  advance 
had  taken  place  both  in  public  opinion 
and  in  the  spirit  of  public  discussion  and 
speculation  relative  to  the  arts  and  insti- 
tutions of  the  country  since  1850  —  a 
change  which  is  doubtless  largely  at- 
tributable to  the  Great  Exhibition.  The 
system  of  management  of  the  National 
Gallery — the  smallness  of  our  collections 
—the  want  of  an  architectural  gallery,  and 
of  space  for  a  national  collection  of  sculp- 
ture, and  for  the  exhibition  of  prints  and 
drawings — were  dwelt  on  with  emphasis, 
and  any  further  unnecessary  delay  m  pro- 
viding sufficient  and  efficient  space  fbr  a 
really  national  collection  of  works  of  art 
was  strongly  deprecated.  Ministers  (i.  s. 
Lord  John  Russell  and  the  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer)  admitted  most  of  the  com- 
plaints and  recommendations, — raised  the 
question  so  often  and  so  fully  discussed  of 
tiie  re-arrangement  of  the  various  national 
collections, — and  warmly  supported  the 
proposition.  They  declared,  however,  that 
no  determination  had  been  arrived  at  as  to 
the  retention  of  the  National  Gallery  in 
Trafalgar  Square,  or  the  removal  of  the  col- 
lection to  another  spot.  On  the  18th  of 
March  the  Committee  was  appointed, — 
to  consist  of  the  following  gentlemen : — 
Colonel  Mure,  Mr.  Labonchere,  Mr.  Char- 
teris,  Mr.  Stirling,  Mr.  R.  Currie,  Mr. 
Mibies,  Mr.  Marshall,  Lord  Seymour,  Mr. 
Vernon,  Lord  Brooke,  Mr.  Goulbura,  Mr. 
Ewart,  Mr.  B.  Wall,  Sir  W.  Molesworth, 
Mr.  Hardinge,  Lord  Graham,  and  Mr. 
Hamilton. 

Erratum.— P.  286,  col.  2,  1.  33,  for 
•*  fti  which"  read  "</ which." 


THE 

GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


THE  TEXT  OF  SHAKSPERE'S  PLAYS. 

Notes  and  Emendations  to  the  Text  of  Shakespeare's  Plays  :  from  early  manuscript 
corrections  in  a  copy  of  the  folio,  1632,  in  the  possession  of  J.  Payne  Collier,  Esq. 
F.S.A.     8vo.  1853. 

WE  thought  we  had  almost  done  with  emendations  of  the  text  of  Shakspere. 
Afler  a  century  of  learned  and  painstaking  commentators  had  spent  all  their 
ingenuity  in  correcting  what  appeared  corrupt,  and  elucidating  what  was  ob- 
scure, the  text  as  at  last  settled  seemed  to  meet,  if  not  with  satisfaction,  at  least 
with  acquiescence ;  and  the  way  was  left  open  for  critics  of  another  stamp  and 
of  a  higher  aim,  whose  thoughts  were  to  be  bestowed  upon  the  spirit  instead 
of  the  letter — upon  the  conception  of  the  drama,  and  the  method  of  its  embodi- 
ment, rather  than  upon  the  mode  of  expression  of  individual  thoughts.  The 
tendency  with  respect  to  the  text  has  latterly  been  to  return  to  the  old  readings, 
and  admit  no  alteration  without  authority ;  and  it  is  in  this  reverential  spirit 
that  the  last  editor  of  Shakspere,  Mr .  Collier,  has  just  completed  his  work.  In 
spite  of  our  anticipations,  however,  and  in  spite  of  Mr.  Collier's  own  editorial 
spirit,  we  have  here  put  forth  by  that  gentleman*s  means  a  volume  which,  if  we 
mistake  not,  will  do  more  for  revolutionizing  and  more  for  amending  the  printed 
words  of  the  poet,  than  all  the  critics  whose  labours  fill  the  one-and-twenty 
volumes  of  the  Variorum  Edition. 

The  circumstances  under  which  the  Works  of  Shakspere  appeared  first  in 
print  were  peculiarly  disadvantageous  to  the  accuracy  of  the  impression. 
Shakspere  probably  retired  to  his  native  town  in  the  year  1612,  a  few  months 
after  llie  Tempest  was  first  produced,  and  died  on  the  23rd  of  April,  1616. 
During  the  period  between  1597  and  1621  twenty  out  of  the  thirty-four  plays 
usually  attributed  to  Shakspere  oozed  out  in  separate  pamphlets,  without  the 
authority  of  those  who  were  in  possession  of  the  author  s  manuscripts.  These 
surreptitious  pamphlets  arc  "  tne  quartos  "  so  often  referred  to  by  the  critics 
of  the  Shakspere  text.  The  co-proprietors  with  the  poet  in  the  Globe  and 
Blackfriars  theatres  were  interested  in  keeping  in  their  own  hands  the  copies 
of  all  plays  which  might  form  the  attraction  of  their  own  houses.  The  right 
to  the  use  of  plays  written  for  the  companjr  was  thought,  no  doabt^  toi)ass 
with  the  other  theatrical  "properties;"  and  it  is  a  remarkable  fact,  proved  by  a 
document  printed  by  Mr.  Collier,  that  in  1608  all  the  "properties'*  or  the  Black- 
friars playhouse,  valued  at  500/.,  belonged  to  Shakspere.*  But,  in  those  days  of 
ill-defined  copyright,  literary  property  was  best  protected  by  keeping  it  out  of 
the  power  of  others  to  invade  it.  For  the  sake,  therefore,  both  of  preventing 
other  companies  of  players  from  trespassing  on  their  ground,  and  perhaps  also 
of  stimulating  the  curiosity  and  interest  of  tne  public  in  works  whicn  they  could 
only  enjoy  at  the  theatre,  and  not  at  home,  the  company  of  players  to  which 


*  Collier's  Shakespeare,  vol.  t  p.  ccxx. 


340  The  Text  of  Shaksperes  Plays,  [April, 

Shakspere  belonged  did  their  best  to  impede  the  circulation  in  print  of  these 
popular  works.  It  would  appear  an  odious  thing  in  his  old  companions  to  hare 
so  retarded  the  fame  of  their  friend,  and  endangered  the  very  safety  of  the 
treasures  committed  to  them,  did  we  not  know  that  the  author  himself  must 
have  been  a  party  to  this  concealment  of  his  works ;  and  it  must  ever  be  a 
source  of  wonder  that  Shakspere  should  have  left  London,  and  abandoned  his 
manuscripts,  without  taking  anv  steps  for  securing  the  perpetuation  of  his 
writings  m  a  correct  form.  Still,  in  spite  of  the  jealousy  of  the  players,  Lear, 
Hamlet,  and  Othello,  and  the  greater  number  of  the  "  Histories,"  had  appeared 
in  the  manner  we  have  mentioned  ;  and  we  have  no  doubt  that,  had  not  Shak- 
spere been  cut  off  in  the  prime  of  life,  he  would  have  himself  given  his  works 
to  the  public  in  a  complete  form.  That  this  was  his  intention  is  almost  implied 
in  the  terms  in  which  Hemin^e  and  Condell,  his  friends  and  fellow -players,  and 
both  partners  with  him  in  the  Blackfriars  theatre,  express  themselves  in  the 
preface  to  the  folio  of  1623,  the  first  collected  edition  of  his  plays  : — 

It  had  bene  a  thing  we  confesse  worthie  where  (before)  you  were  abus'd  with  divcri 

to  have  bene  wished  that  the  Author  him-  aiolne  and  surrepiitiotu  copies,  maimed 

%Q\fc  had  lived  to  have  set forthandiOwex%eQn  and  deformed  by  the  frauds  and  stealthes 

his  owne  writings.     Bat  since  it  hath  bin  of  injurious  imposters  that  exposed  them  : 

ordained  otherwise,  and  he  by  death  de-  even  those  are  now  offered  to  your  view 

parted  from  that  right,  we  pray  you  do  no  curM  and  perfect  of  their  limbes ;  and  all 

envie  his  friends  tiie  office  of  their  care  the  rest  absolute  in  their  members  as  he 

and  paine  to  have  collected  and  published  conceived  them, 
them,  and  so  to  have  published  them,  as 

In  spite  of  the  boast  here  made  of  the  improvement  in  the  text  of  the 
plays  which  had  before  been  published  in  quarto,  Mr.  Collier  considers 
it  certain  that  all  that  was  done  with  respect  to  these  plays  was  to  put  the 
latest  edition  into  the  hands  of  the  printer ;  and  with  respect  to  the  plays 
which  appeared  for  the  first  time  in  the  folio,  he  thinks  it  probable  that 
they  were  transcribed  for  the  press  by  persons  to  whom  the  plays  were  read 
from  the  playhouse  manuscript.  Thus  the  blunders  resulting  from  mis- 
hearing would  be  added  to  those  which  would  arise  from  mis-reading ;  and 
it  is  not  difiicult  to  conclude,  from  the  appearance  of  the  text,  that  no  great 
pains  were  taken  by  those  whose  names  are  appended  as  editors  in  the  correction 
of  the  press.  The  result  is,  that  the  text  of  the  first  folio,  which  has  been  the 
basis  of  all  subsequent  editions,  no  recurrence  having  been  made  for  any  sub- 
se(iucnt  reprint  to  the  original  sources,  is  confessedly  far  from  perfect;  and  the 
second  folio,  that  of  1632,  though  printed  with  some  care,  and  considered  by 
Stevens  a  valuable  aid  in  the  elucidation  of  the  text,  is— except  in  a  few  cor- 
rections apparently  conjectural  and  often  mistaken — a  reprint  of  the  first. 
Shakspere  s  first  editors  appear  to  have  had  the  authority  of  the  poet*s  own 
manuscripts.  As  an  argument  as  well  of  the  correctness  as  the  genuineness  of 
their  edition,  they  say, — "  His  mind  and  hand  went  together,  and  what  he 
thought  he  uttered  with  that  easiness  that  loc  have  scarse  received  from  him  a 
blot  in  his  papers."  What  became  of  these  invaluable  papers  afler  their  contents 
had  been  so  far  from  perfectly  made  public  ?  His  "  fellows  and  friends  "  per- 
haps looked  on  them  asfnncta  officio,  mere  wiu^te  paper,  and  they  probably  were 
laid  aside  until,  on  the  alteration  or  destruction  of  the  playhouse,*  they  may 
hav§  perished  with  the  building,  or  have  served  to  feed  the  oven  of  some  city 
baker.  A  virtuoso  in  autographs,  had  such  a  jjcrson  then  existed,  might  per- 
haps have  had  them  for  the  asking,  and  by  preserving  them  have  done  such 
good  service  to  literature  as  does  not  often  fall  to  the  lot  of  a  "  collector.** 

But  to  turn  at  length  to  the  volume  before  us.  In  the  spring  of  1849  Mr. 
Collier  bought  of  the  late  Mr.  Rodd,  of  Great  Newport-street,  a  copy  of  the 
second  folio  of  Shakspere*s  Plays,  which  he  describes  as  "  much  cropped,  the 


*  The  Globe  Theatre  was  burnt  down  and  rebuilt  in  1613 ;  the  Blackfriars  Theatre 
lasted  until  1655,  when,  therepresentationshavingprobably  for  some  time  ceased,  it  was 
pulled  down  and  replaced  by  dwelling-houses.    Collier's  Shakespeare,  voL  i.  p.  cciliii. 


18530 


The  Ttijct  of  Shakapei'e^n  Pltti/jt, 


341 


I 

I 
I 

t 


I 


covers  old  and  greasy,  aiid  impcrfucL  at  the  begiiming  luid  end."  This  book 
waij  laid  aside  by  its  [jurchaser  for  iiiort;  Ibivn  a  year;  but  when  al  la.Ht  it  va^ 
consulted,  it  was  discovered  *^  tbut  there  was  scart'ely  a  pa^c  wbieli  did  not 
present^  in  a  handwritin*jf  of  the  tinie,  some  cniendatioria  in  tlie  pointiu*:;  or  in 
the  text,  while  on  most  of  them  they  were  frequent^  nnd  on  many  numerous." 
From  a  careful  scrutiny  of  this  singular  volume,  Wr*  Collier  concludi-d  that  all 
these  corrections  were  in  the  i^anie  hand  writings  though  they  appeared  to  have 
been  the  work  of  several  years. 


But  bcflide  thi^  (contiuues  Mr.  Collier) 
there  are  at  least  two  other  very  peculiar 
features  in  the  volume.  Many  passages  in 
Dearly  all  the  plays  are  struck  out  with  a 
pen,  at  if  for  the  purpose  of  shortening  the 
performance  ;  aud  we  need  not  feel  much 
heattatLoniu  coming  to  the  conclusioni  that 
these  omi^ions  had  reference  to  the  re- 
preacuiation  of  the  plays  by  some  com- 
pany, about  the  date  of  the  folio,  163^. 
To  Ibis  fact  we  may  add,  that  hundreds  of 
stage-directions  have  been  in^rted  in  mi' 
imscript,  as  if  for  the  guidance  and  ia- 
striiclioQ  of  actors,  in  order  tkat  no  mh- 
take  might  be  made  in  what  is  usually 
denominated  stage  business*  It  is  known 
that  in  this  respect  the  old  printed  eopies 
are   very   deficient ;    and   sometimes   the 


written  odditions  of  this  kind  seem  even 
more  frequent  and  more  explicit  than 
might  be  th  ought  necef  sary .  The  eras  u  res 
of  passages  and  scenes  are  quite  incon- 
sistent with  the  notion  that  a  new  edition 
of  the  folioi  1632,  was  contemplated  ;  and 
how  are  they,  and  the  new  itage-dlrec- 
tions,  and  **  asides/'  to  be  aecounted  forj 
excepting  on  the  supposition  that  the 
volume  once  belonged  to  a  person  inte- 
rested in  J  or  connected  with,  one  of  our 
early  theatres  ?  The  continuation  of  the 
corrections  and  emendationS|  in  spite  of 
and  through  the  erasures^  may  show  that 
they  were  done  at  a  different  time  and  by 
a  different  person ;  but  who  shuB  any 
which  was  done  first,  or  whether  both  were 
not,  in  factji  the  work  of  the  same  liand  ? 


In  the  book  before  us  Mr,  Collier  hns  given  us  all  the  important  corrections 
contained  in  hia  volumet  together  with  his  own  observations  upon  them,  in  the 
form  of  additional  notes  to  bis  edition  of  the  plays.  Such  ft  discovery  cannot,  to 
say  the  leasts  but  be  an  object  of  much  curiosity.  The  plnyers  who  first  edited 
Shakspere  conclude  their  preface  by  commeinliag  their  readers,  for  the  further 
elucidation  of  the  author,  "  to  other  of  his  friends"  (that  ts,  the  players  of  the 
day,)  "  who,  if  you  need^  can  be  your  guides."  What  if  we  have  here  one  of 
those  "friends,*  who  may  turn  out  to  be  our  guide  in  a  (^uite  diiFerciit  way 
from  that  intctided  by  Master  Heniinge  ?  The  emendations  before  us  iire  due 
cither  to  the  conjectures  of  their  author,  to  the  authority  of  manuscripts,  or  to 
the  traditions  of  the  stage.  Perhaps  their  compiler  drew  from  all  these  sources. 
To  enable  our  readers  to  form  some  opinion  upon  their  probable  origin  will  bo 
Uie  object  of  our  present  observations. 

Of  the  two  methods  by  which  the  genuineness  and  authority  of  the  emenda- 
tions here  offered  might  be  proved,  the  external  evidence  almost  entirely  fails. 
The  very  history  of  the  volume  during  the  last  ten  years  {&  wanting.  The 
bookseller  who  sold  it  is  dead.  Ilis  pjipers  give  no  clue  from  whence  it  came. 
Mr.  Collier  has  an  impretfsion  that  the  parcel  which  he  saw  opened  came  from 
BedfordshLrc.  The  name  *^ Thomas  Perkins"  is  upon  the  rough-catf  cover, 
which,  however,  Mr.  Collier  consider^  not  to  have  been  the  original  binding. 
This  name  suggested  to  the  purchaser*s  mind  a  player  of  the  same  surname 
who  performed  in  Marlow's  "  Jew  of  Malta"  ^Iiortly  before  liySS,  The  Christian 
name  of  that  actor  turns  out  to  have  been  Richard  \  still,  as  Mr.  Collier  re- 
marks, Thomas  Perkins  may  have  been  the  descendunt  of  Richard.  We  may 
nbo  observe,  that  in  the  playing  licence  j^ivcn  to  James  Burboge  and  his  coni- 
paniona,  the  pluyers  of  tne  generation  before  Shakspere,  a  *' John  Perky  n" 
IS  one  of  the  actors  mentioned.  This  double  coinciiJencc  of  name  lends  only 
a  slight  additional  probability  to  the  supjiosition  which  is  >uggested  by  the 
nature  of  the  alteratinns,  that  the  old  posseSvSor  of  the  volume  was  himself 
connected  with  the  sbige. 

It  is  hftwever  from  internal  evidence  that  the  ipiestion  of  the  genuineness  of 
the  emendations  must  be  decided.  We  shall  prix^ccd,  therefore,  to  illustrate 
by  a  few  examples  the  nature  and  value  of  the  corrections  proposed  hy  this 
long -forgotten  critic.     In  correcting  mauifeat  errors  of  the  press,  lie  trusted  no 


342  The  Text  of  ShdJespere's  Plays.  [April, 

doubt  to  his  own  acuteness,  and  many  of  the  various  readingB  proposed  haTe 
the  air  rather  of  conjecture  than  authority ;  yet,  in  a  very  large  number  of  the 
more  important  emendations,  we  think  our  readers  will  see  reason  to  suspect 
that  the  corrector  had  some  means  of  supplying  the  deficiencies  of  his  text, 
which  none  of  the  editors,  since  Heminge  and  Condell,  have  possessed. 

In  the  first  place  it  is  to  be  obseryed  that  this  old  annotator  goes  so  far  as  to 
introduce,  in  nine  different  places  at  least,  entire  lines.  The  probability  of 
such  a  correction  being  necessary  in  a  work  so  carelessly  printed  as  the  first 
folios  of  Shakspere  is  illustrated  by  Mr.  Collier  by  the  fact  that  in  the  Variorom 
Edition  of  1821  no  fewer  than  three  entire  lines  are  omitted  in  three  several 
plays.  Some  at  least  of  these  old  additions  are  so  necessary  to  the  sense,  and 
have  so  much  the  air  of  the  poet,  that  it  is  difiicult  not  to  believe  them  the 
work  of  Shakspere.  In  The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,  for  example,  (act  iv. 
sc.  3)  Sir  Eglamour  says  to  Silvia,  according  to  the  established  reaaing : 

Madam,  I  pity  much  your  grievances ; 

Which  siace  I  know  they  virtuously  are  placed, 

I  give  consent  to  go  along  with  you. 

The  corrector  of  the  folio  1G32  adds  after  the  first  Une  we  have  quoted,  the 
following : 

And  the  most  true  afiections  that  you  bear. 

Again  in  Coriolanus  (act  iii.  sc.  2)  the  line  printed  below  in  italics  is  en- 
tirely an  insertion  of  this  old  annotator.    Volumnia  says  to  Coriolanus  : 

Pray  be  counselled : 
I  have  a  heart  as  little  apt  as  yours 
To  brook  control  without  the  use  of  anger  y 
But  yet  a  brain  that  leads  my  use  of  anger 
To  better  vantage. 

It  is  remarkable  that  in  neither  of  the  above  passages  has  the  deficiency  of  a 
line  which,  when  once  pointed  out,  is  so  manifest,  been  observed  by  the  com« 
mentators.  Johnson  only  in  the  former  instance  seems  to  have  felt  the  want 
of  connection  which  existed,  and  accordingly  he  tells  us  to  construe  *^ grievances** 
"  sorrowful  affections."  Now  the  question  naturally  arises,  to  what  souroe 
are  the  suggested  additions  to  be  attributed  ?  Are  they  due  to  the  ingenoitj 
of  the  old  commentator  or  to  some  means  of  information  which  subsequent 
critics  have  not  possessed  ?  If  to  the  former,  it  must  at  least  be  admitt^  that 
the  old  possessor  of  this  volume,  in  more  instances  than  one,  not  only  dis- 
covered a  rent  which  has  escaped  the  eyes  of  all  subsequent  observers,  but 
succeeded  in  mendins  it  with  a  fragment  which,  in  colour  and  texture,  is 
utterly  undistinguishable  from  the  original  material.  With  respect  to  the 
passage  from  Coriolanus  another  observation  suggests  itself,  which  makes  ui 
mcline  to  think  the  change  proposed  had  some  other  ground  besides  coniecture. 
If  we  suppose  the  two  Imes  which  follow  one  another  to  have  originally  con- 
cluded with  the  same  three  words,  that  is,  if  we  suppose  the  line  supplied  to  be 
of  Shakspere's  writing,  nothing  was  of  more  likely  occurrence  than  the  acci- 
dentul  omission  of  one  of  these  lines  in  printing ;  if,  on  the  other  hand,  we 
suppose  the  critic  to  have  drawn  on  his  own  resources  to  fill  up  the  gap  which 
he  had  observed,  it  is  far  more  probable  that  he  would  not  nave  chosen  to 
repeat  exactly  the  expression  used  in  the  next  line.  "Without  acceee  of 
anger,"  for  example,  would  have  been  an  expression  as  Shaksperian,  and, 
perhaps,  more  suited  to  the  sense. 

There  is  another  instance  of  a  line  added  in  Love's  Labour  Lost  which 
contains  so  extraordinary  and,  at  the  same  time,  so  suitable  and  comic  an 
expression,  that  we  can  scarcely  suppose  it  to  have  been  inserted  without  some 
authority.  In  Costard's  soliloquy  (act  iv.  sc.  1)  that  "unlettered  swain** 
delivers  himself  as  follows.  The  speech  is  throughout  in  rhyme,  and  the  wordi 
in  italics  are  supplied  by  our  corrector. 


1853.]  The  Text  ofShaksperes  Plays,  848 

Armado  o'  the  one  side — O,  a  most  dainty  man  ! 
To  see  him  walk  before  a  lady  and  to  bear  her  fan  ! 
To  see  him  kiss  his  hand  !  and  how  sweetly  a*  will  iwear. 
Looking  balnea  in  her  eyes  hit  patsion  to  declare  ! 
And  his  page  o'  t'other  side,  that  handful  of  tmall  wit ! 
Ah  !  heavens !  it  is  a  most  pathetical  nit ! 

Here  the  defect  may  have  been  suggested  by  the  rhyme,  but  it  is  difficult 
to  suppose  that  it  was  supplied  from  conjecture.  We  should  have  preferred  in 
the  last  line  but  one  to  read  "  that  «f/ia2e  handful  of  wit ;"  and  perhaps  this  was 
intended  by  the  annotator,  whose  additional  words  are  usually  written  at  the 
side  of  the  page.  We  have  cited  this  example  not  for  its  interest,  but  simply  to 
illustrate  the  important  c[uestion  of  the  prooable  authority  of  these  corrections. 

Another  remarkable  circumstance  in  illustration  of  the  same  question  is  the 
fact  that  emendations  are  very  frequently  offered  where  there  is  no  necessity  to 
resort  to  alteration  for  a  meaning.  Tiiis  most  often  occurs  where  lines  are 
deficient  in  point  of  metre,  or  where  a  couplet  was  to  be  expected  and  is  not 
found  in  the  text.  For  example,  the  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona  concludes  in 
all  the  editions  with  the  following  lines  : — 

That  done,  our  day  of  marriage  shall  be  yours, 
One  feast,  one  house,  one  mutual  happiness. 

The  manuscript  corrector  reads : — 

Our  day  of  marriage  shall  be  yours  no  less, 
One  feast,  one  house,  one  mutual  happiness. 

This  correction  may  have  been  merely  suggested  by  the  probability  of  this 
comedy  ending  with  a  couplet,  as  twenty-nine  out  of  the  thirty-six  plays  in  the 
folio  already  do  ;  but  we  snould  much  more  readily  believe  that  the  emendator 
was  accustomed  to  hear  it  so  recited  on  the  stage.  Alterations  are  also  suggested 
in  many  passages  which  have  never  given  any,  trouble  to  commentators,  without 
the  temptation  either  of  perfecting  the  metre  or  of  supplying  a  missing  rhyme, 
and  this  in  so  happy  a  vein  that  tne  reader  is  immediately  inclined  to  embrace 
the  correction  although  he  has  not  previously  felt  the  need  of  it.  We  put  it 
with  confidence  to  the  student  whether  this  is  often  the  case  with  merely 
gratuitous  emendations  either  of  Shakspere  or  of  any  other  author.  We  take, 
almost  at  random,  two  examples  of  this  felicity  of  correction  from  the  fourth 
act  of  Macbeth.    In  the  first  scene  our  annotator  reads  as  follows : — 

Though  bleaded  com  be  lodge4,  and  trees  blown  down  ; 
Though  castles  topple  o*er  their  warders*  heads  ; 
Though  palaces  and  pyramids  do  stoop 
Their  heads  to  their  foundations,  &c. 

Three  words  are  here  altered ;  the  editions  have  instead  of  the  words  in  italics, 
"  bladed,"  "  on,"  and  "  slope."  "  Bleaded  com  "  is  ripe  corn,  from  the  "  blead  " 
(the  Anglo-Saxon  bleed,  fruit,  the  French  blS  or  bted,  Italian  biada),  a  word 
which  lingers  in  some  country  dialects,  whereas  "  bladed  com  "  would  be  the 
young  herb  still  in  the  form  of  a  blade,  and  while  the  latter  is  not,  the  former 
18  peculiarly  liable  to  be  "  lodged  "  or  laid  by  storms.  This  alteration,  there- 
fore, although  not  imperatively  demanded  by  the  sense,  appears  to  be  an  im- 
provement, and  with  respect  to  the  two  minor  changes,  we  on  the  whole  prefer 
the  new  readings ;  and  yet  in  all  three  instances  we  can  scarcely  conceive  that 
the  writer  of  these  corrections  would  have  thought  any  change  necessary,  unless 
he  had  been  supported  by  some  authority.  Our  other  example  is  from  the 
third  scene  of  the  same  act.     IVIalcolm  says  of  himself. 

In  whom  I  know 
All  the  particulars  of  vice  so  grafted. 
That  when  they  shall  be  ripened,  black  Macbeth 
Will  seem  as  pure  as  snow. 

Now  we  will  venture  to  aasert  that  no  one  who  should  have  first  read  this 


344  The  Text  of  Shakapere's  Plays.  [April, 

passage  as  we  have  given  it  from  the  manuscript  correction  would  willinglj 
receive  the  word  "  opened"  in  the  place  of  "  ripened."  The  former  is  however 
the  reading  of  all  the  editions. 

There  is  another  small  but  important  correction  in  a  well  known  passage  of 
the  same  play,  which  has  not  been  before  supposed  to  require  alteration.  The 
following  fs  the  text  of  every  edition.     (Macbeth,  act  i.  sc.  7.) 

Macbeth, —  Pr'ythce,  peace. 

I  dare  do  all  that  may  become  a  man 

Who  dares  do  more  is  none. 
Lady, —  What  beast  was  *t  then 

That  made  you  break  this  enterprize  to  me  ? 

Whea  you  durst  do  it,  then  you  were  a  man,  &c. 

The  change  proposed  is  that  of  "  beast "  into  boast, — "  what  boast  was  it  then," 
&c.  Of  this  emendation  various  opinions  may  be  held.  For  our  part,  we  accept  it 
undoubtingljr,  for  this  reason,  that  the  antithesis  of  "beast "  and  "  man,"  althooffh 
not  unintelligible,  was  not  really  justified  by  the  connection  of  ideas  in  toe 
passage.  Macbeth  certainly  does  not  mean,  that  he  who  dares  do  more  than 
becomes  a  man  is  n  brute  animal,  nor  is  it  natural  to  make  Lady  Macbeth  so 
misunderstand  him.  If  the  Lady  had  asked,  "  What^/fem/  was  it  then,"  &c.  it 
would  have  been  more  in  accordance  with  the  train  of  thought  We  have  no 
doubt  that  we  have  now  recovered  the  true  reading.  The  letters  e  and  o  would 
be  easily  confounded;  indeed  in  the  handwriting  of  our  corrector  himself,  as 
^ven  in  Mr.  Collier's  fac-simile  page,  these  two  letters  are  perfectly  undis- 
tinguishable. 

There  is  an  emendation  of  the  same  character  in  "The  Taming  of  the  Shrew," 
act  i.  sc.  1,  which  is  so  irresistible,  that  we  can  only  admire  how  so  many  sue- 
cessive  editors  have  "  missed  to  be  the  inventor."  The  passage  now  stands  m 
follows : 

Only,  good  master,  while  we  do  admire, 

This  virtue  and  this  moral  discipline. 

Let 's  be  no  stoics  nor  no  stocks,  I  pray, 

Or  so  devote  to  Aristotle's  cheeks, 

As  Ovid  be  an  outcast  quite  abjured. 

The  old  emendator  changes  "  chcckes  "  in  his  book  to  "  ethickes,"  and  thus 
furnishes  us  for  the  first  time  with  the  correct  reading  of  this  passage.  We  should 
be  sorry  to  have  to  discover  what  the  editors  have  understood  by  the  "checks" 
of  Aristotle,  although  we  might  easily  comprehend  "  the  preventive  check  "  of 
the  Malthusians  being  contrasted  wUh  the  authority  of  the  Preceptor  of  Love. 
It  was  natural  enough  that  the  printer  should  substitute  the  word  "  chcckes," 
to  which  he  might  attach  some  meaning,  for  the  word  "  ethickes,"  which  he  did 
not  understand  ;  but  it  is  extremely  singular  that  the  mistake  should  have 
remained  so  long  uncorrected. 

While  our  resuscitated  critic  furnishes  us  with  improvements  where  we 
should  in  all  probability  have  been  content  to  have  retamed  the  old  readings, 
and  introduces  doubt  where  there  was  none  before,  there  are  some  passaffes 
which  have  been  the  stumbling-blocks  of  all  expositors  of  his  author,  for  Uie 
elucidation  of  which  he  oficrs  no  suggestion.  No  new  reading  is  proposed  of 
the  line  in  Othello : 

A  fellow  almost  damned  in  a  fair  wife. 

And  we  have  been  surprised  at  finding  no  alteration  in  the  following  line  in 
Lear  (act  i.  sc.  3)  whicn  both  for  sense  and  metre  still  awaits  correction. 
Goneril  speaks : — 

Now,  by  my  life, 
Old  fools  are  babes  again,  and  must  be  used 
With  checks,  as  flatteries,  when  they  are  seen,  abused. 

In  the  last  line  it  would  be  very  consonant  with  the  mode  of  these  old 
corrections  to  read, — 

With  checks,  when  flatteries  are  seen  abased. 

1 


185S,3  JnTieMt  of  Shukxperes  Piatfi, 

It  is  hDrdly  to  be  expectinl^  but  that  among  a  whole  volume  of  proposed 
einenciationa  there  would  occur  some  wbicli  fail  to  convince  us  at  first  sight  of 
their  genuineness.  But  if  we  admit  the  greater  number  to  be  uifule  upon 
authority!  tt  will  be  difficult  to  assert  for  certain  that  any  of  which  we  may 
disapprove  are  not  to  be  received.  There  is  a  line  added  in  the  Winter*s  Tale 
(net  V.  8c,  3),  with  which,  aithou/^h  h  might  seem  to  be  required  for  the 
perfecting  of  the  s^jntenccj  we  would  as  willingly  dispense.  Leontes,  lookiug  at 
the  supposed  statue,  says, — 

Would  I  were  dead,  but  thut  inetbinka  aVeady — 
Wh«t  was  he  that  did  makc^  it  ? 

The  annolator  j^upplies  the  line- 
Would  I  were  dead,  but  that  methtiika  already 
I  am  bui  dead^  ttone  ho  king  upon  Hone. 
What  was  he,  &c. 

We  cannot  help  thinking  that  the  sudden  break  in  the  sense  which  we  have 
l)een  used  to,  whether  original  or  presented  to  ufi  by  the  blunder  of  a  printer, 
is  more  expressive  thuu  the  supplied  sentence.  The  line  here  supplied  reniind» 
U3  of  J^lilton's  epitaph  on  Shakspere  : — 

Then  thou  owr  fancy  of  itself  bereaving;. 

Dost  make  im  marbie  wiih  io&  mac  A  conceiviiiff. 

It  is  remarkable  thut  this  early  poem  of  Milton  contains  another  expression 
in  which  the  poet  was  anticipated  by  an  r*bscure  line  of  Shakapere,  In  an 
epitaph  on  Sir  Thomaa  Stanley  preserved  in  Sir  William  Dugdale's  Heraldio 
Notes,  and  attributed  by  him  to  Shakflpere,  are  the  following  lines  :— 

Not  motnimeatal  &too«  preservtrs  our  fame, 
Nor  akye-a»pinng  piramidi  our  name.* 

Here  we  have  Milton's  "star-y -pointing  pyramid"  anticipated  in  some  lines 
which  were  probably  never  seen  by  him.  We  may  observe^  by  the  way^  that 
MilUm's  epithet,  beau  tit  nl  as  it  is,  is  as  a  word  incorreetly  formed.  The  prefix 
y,  as  an  inllexion,  tjelongs  to  the  past  participle,! 

In  the  passage  in  Lear  (act  ii.  sc.  4)  where  the  King,  refusing  to  return  to 
Ooneril  exclaims,  as  the  pafii^age  now  stands, 


•  Todd'a  Milton.  , 

t  We  may  here  remark  that  Mr,  Collier  in  his  edition  of  Shftkspere  (vol,  i.) 
attributes  the  long  8t?t  of  about  forty  verges,  which  in  the  folio  of  163^2  follow  Mil  ton  *s 
*^  Epitaph/^  to  the  Aame  author.  Hia  reaflons  are,  firsts  that  ^*  the  Epitaph  '^  (though 
afterwards  published  by  Miltoa  aa  hla  own)  is  not  signed  by  hinif  and  that  the 
signature  L  M.  S.  which  follows  th«  other  poem  may  therefore  be  intended  to  apply  to 
both,  Olid  to  stand  for  John  Milton^  $ludeni,  and  secondly,  that  he  knows  of  no  other 
poet  of  the  time  capable  of  writing  ihe  lines.  We  think  ttiifl  eorijecturo  is  refuted, 
both  by  internal  and  fxternal  evidence.  Milton,  writing  in  !  G^O,  when  he  was  scarcely 
of  age,  inscribed  hia  tribate  with  that  re&pect  which  we  ahonld  t>icpect  from  hit  youth 
and  reverence — **  An  Epitaph  on  the  admirable  Dramsttc  Poet  W.  Shakespeare,*'  The 
other  it  inscribed  tn  much  more  familiar  style,  *'  On  worthy  Master  Shakespeare  and 
his  poemi/'  and  is  signed  by  **  the  Friendly  Admirer  of  hia  Eudlowment*,''  aud  therefore 
purports  to  he  by  one  who  claimed  lome  personal  acqutiintaoce  with  the  poet.  With 
respect  to  internal  evidence,  we  do  not  think  the  follow  log  lines  mych  in  the  style  of 
Milton,  who  would  not,  evea  tn  his  schoolboy  verseii,  liave  mmle  Shakspere  the  huaband 
of  Melpomene.     Tlie  poet  it  speaking  of  the  muses, — 

These  jointly  wooM  him,  envying  one  another, 
(Obeyed  by  all  om  spouse,  but  lov M  as  brother) 
And  wrought  a  curious  robe  of  &able  grave« 
Fresh  green  and  pleasant  yellow,  red  aioi»i  brave.  Sec. 
GicwT,  Mag,  You  XXXIX  2  Y 


846  The  Text  of  Shaksperes  Plays.  [April, 

No,  rather  I  abjare  all  roofs  and  choose  .     .     • 
To  be  a  comrade  with  the  wolf  and  owl, — 
Necessity's  sharp  pinch  I 

the  corrector  would  have  us  read  howl  Mr.  Collier  interprets  the  passage  ai 
it  would  then  stand,  *Mi(>wl  like  the  wolf  when  he  feels  the  sharp  pinca  of 
necessity,**  considering  howl  as  used  **  transitively/*  We  cannot  make  up  our 
minds  with  him  to  accept  this  alteration. 

In  the  following  passage  from  Macbeth  (act  v.  sc  3)  our  annotator  makes 
two  changes  which  have  also  occurred  to  two  later  commentat.or8. 

This  push 

Will  cheer  me  ever,  or  disseat  me  now. 

I  have  lived  long  enough  :  my  wa^  of  life 

Is  fall'n  into  the  sear,  the  yellow  leaf; 

Bishop  Percy  suggested  chair  for  "  cheer,**  and  Dr.  Johnson  May  for  **  way." 
Both  corrections  had  been  previously  adopted  by  this  elder  critic.  To  the 
latter  we  are  inclined  to  assent,  but  not  so  readily  to  the  former.  •*  Chair  "  is 
not  elsewhere  used  by  Shakspere  as  a  verb ;  and,  although  it  must  be  allowed 
that  "cheer**  does  not  seem  appropriate  to  its  position,  we  think  the  metaphor 
in  the  word  "disseat"  is  rather  taken  from  the  seat  of  a  cavalier  on  his  saddle, 
than  from  that  of  a  King  on  his  "chair.** 

In  another  passage  of  this  play,  where  commentators  have  long  wondered 
awe-struck  at  the  line : 

Nor  Heaven  peep  through  the  blanket  of  the  dark 
To  cry,  hold,  hold  I 

Their  bolder  predecessor  very  simply  and  we  think  probably  solves  the  difficaltj 
by  converting  "  the  blanket  of  the  dark  **  into  the  blankness  of  the  dark. 

It  was  to  be  expected  that  many  of  this  old  critic*8  more  obvious  corrections 
would  be  forestalled  by  his  younger  rivals,  who  have  been  earlier  in  the  field. 
We  find  accordingly  several  of  the  conjectures  of  Theobald,  Pope,  Warburton, 
and  the  rest  confirmed  by  the  consensus  of  this  long-concealed  authority.  We 
regret  to  say  that  we  look  in  vain  for  confirmation  from  this*  source  of  a  correc- 
tion of  Theobald's  which  is,  perhaps,  the  most  felicit(»U8  of  all  the  conjectand 
emendation  of  our  author.  We  are  all  used  to  read  in  Mrs.  Quickly*s  touchinff 
account  of  Falstafi's  death,  that  after  she  saw  him  fumble  with  the  sheets,  and 
play  with  flowers,  and  smile  upon  his  finger *s  ends,  she  "knew  there  was  but 
one  way ;  for  his  nose  was  as  sharp  as  a  pen,  and  a*  babbled  of  green 
fields.**  (Henry  V.  act  ii.  scene  3.)  l«or  these  last  words  the  old  copies  have* 
"  and  a  table  of  green  fields,**  and  it  is  to  Theobald's  happy  emendation,  that 
we  have  owed  all  the  truth  and  beauty  of  the  passage.  I  he  reading  of  the 
old  emendator  is  as  follows,  "  for  his  nose  was  as  sharp  as  a  pen  on  a  table  of 
green  frieze.**  "  It  is,**  says  Mr.  Collier,  "  to  the  sharpness  of  a  pen  as  seen  in 
strong  relief  upon  a  table  so  covered,  that  Mrs.  Quickly  likens  the  nose  of  the 
dying  wit  and  philosopher.**  We  cannot  consent  to  give  up  Theobald*s  emenda- 
tion for  this,  without  very  convincing  proof  of  authority,  although  it  must  be 
allowed  that  if  we  had  always  had  the  text  in  this  form,  Theobald*s  correction 
would  probably  never  have  been  thought  necessary.  If  we  were  compelled  to 
accept  the  "  green  frieze,**  we  should  rather  suppose  it  was  the  sickly  and  livid 
paleness  of  the  poor  knight*s  broad  face  which  suggested  the  colour.  We  do 
not  know  whether  a  pen  looks  sharper  on  a  green  table  than  on  a  red. 

Some  of  the  old  corrector*8  happiest  changes  are  effected  by  simply  altering 
a  point.  Thus,  in  the  Merchant  of  Venice,  act  iii.  sc.  2,  BaManio,  moralising 
on  external  beauty,  says : 

Thus  ornament  is  but  the  guiled  shore 

To  a  most  dangerous  sea,  the  beaateous  scarf 

Veiling  an  Indian;  beaaty,  in  a  word, 

The  seeming  truth  which  canning  times  pat  on 

To  entrap  the  wisest. 

The  text  has  previously  run,  "Veiling  an  Indian  beanty ;**  whereas  the 


1853,] 


The  Text  of  Shakjiperes  Pia^$, 


S47 


I 


I 


evidentlj  requires  that  the  object  veiled  sihuuld  be  supposed  not  besutifuL  Thia 
has  been  so  trreat  a  stumbling-block  to  stmie  commeiitatorB,  tlwit  Sir  T.  Hanmer 
positive] J  propospcl  to  read,  "An  Iiiillun  dowdy T 

We  iiave  ah^eady  mentioned,  tbut  in  tlie  niiiouseript  altci-utiona  of  this  book, 
many  pasaages  are  etrut-'k  out  afiparetitly  for  i^ta^'e  purpoiied.  It  is  worth 
observing  that  tliese  paasnges  are  olten  Rurji  us  fruio  tlieir  freedom  mij^Iit  shock 
the  delic^Mcy  or  serupfes  of  a  fastidioiijj  audietiee.  Wtj  niriy  instiince  tlie  wild 
talk  of  Humlet  with  Ophelia  before  the  play,  and  the  Porters  solihjquy  in 
^inebeth.  We  may  conclude  from  this  that  the  ^^eneraticm  after  Shak^spere 
ueot  a  more  serious  or  religious  uudienee  tu  tbt!  theatre  \  and  there  cati  be  little 
doubt  that  in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Charles  the  Firsti  persons  in 
authority,  taking  their  tone  both  from  the  Monarch  and  from  the  times,  would 
be  less  tolerant  of  any  excessive  freedom  of  lan^ruakre.  Tiie  prevailing  sentiment 
of  the  plays  of  Ford  and  Muii^inger  h  much  more  aerioua  and  even  religioust 
than  that  of  their  predecessorii* 

Mr.  Collier  sajs  that  the  heraldic  couplet  on  IIelena*s  speeoh  in  Mtdsummer 
Night  3  Drcam^  (act  iii.  sc,  2)— 

Two  of  the  first  like  coata  in  heraldry 

Due  but  to  one  and  crowned  with  one  crest, — 

is  omitted  by  his  author,  **  probably  because,  like  most  other  readers,  he  did 
BOt  undei'staud  it.**  We  think  **  Garter"  himself  rau^l  be  in  a  similar  predica- 
meot,  and  humbly  submit  that  *^  Two  of  thejirst  like  coatij  in  berttldry  **  is  sheer 
nonsense. 

It  is  a  circumstance  of  no  slight  impt^rtance  with  reference  to  this  book,  that 
there  can  be  little  doubt  that  we  have,  in  the  minute  sta;:e  directions  so 
plenufully  dispersed  throughout  ihe  plays,  a  correct  record  of  the  method  of 
acting  Shuksperu,  at  a  time  when  the  tradition  derived  from  the  author's  own 
production  cd'  his  works  waa  but  one  ijeneration  old-  We  reeouunend  it  in  this 
view  to  the  consideration  of  Mr.  rinjlps  and  the  otlier  modern  reproducers  of 
Shakes  pere.* 

SuiEcient  has  been  said  to  shew  the  importance  of  the  contents  of  this 
volume  to  those  interested  in  determining  ihe  text  of  Shakspere,  and  we  will 
venture  to  say  that  the  whole  domain  of  criticism  presents  no  field  more 
attractive  than  this  to  English  men  of  literature.  Henceforth  we  must  recognize 
in  this  old  critic  no  mean  expositor  of  the  text  of  our  poet.  We  find  him  in 
some  cases  restoring  the  sense  of  his  author  by  a  happy  change  of  punctuation, 
In  others  by  the  confident  insertion  of  a  lost  hue ;  in  many  passajjea  his  altera* 
lions  approve  themselves  to  our  conviction  npon  their  first  suggestion,  and  in  al! 
bis  proposed  emendations  we  see  reason  to  admire  the  good  sense,  the  taste^  the 
carefulness,  or  the  ingenuity  of  their  authun  Per  hups  our  readers  may  ask, 
what  evidence  we  have  that  they  are  not  altogether  the  work  of  some  ingenious 
contemporary.  We  can  assure  them  thai,  ind^pendcnllv  of  our  previous  con- 
iidence  in  the  good  faith  of  Mr.  Collier,  his  book  beara  in  itself  sufficient  wit- 
ness to  its  own  authenticity.  We  shall  probably  never  possess  miy  satisfactory 
evidence  as  to  the  authority  upon  which  the  corrections  were  made.  We  have 
Been  that  their  author  or  compiler  lived  in  the  first  half  of  the  seventeenth  cen* 
tury,  and  was  connected  with  the  stage.  We  confess  we  are  credulous  enough 
to  fall  in  with  Mr.  Collier's  opinion  that  many  of  his  alterations  were  either  the 
result  of  a  comparison  of  the  text  with  the  stage  manuscripts,  or  were  at  lea«t 
derived  from  the  reminiscences  and  observations  of  a  contemporary  of  Shak» 
Bpere^s  friends  and  fellow -actors,  if  not  of  the  poet  himself,  during  a  long  and 
intimate  acquaintance  with  the  at  age  on  which  the«e  great  dnimas  were  eon* 
Btantly  rep'ateth  We  tihtnild  probably  not  be  far  wrong  io  concluding  that 
Mr.  Collier's  volume  formed  part  of  the  library  of  one  of  the  London  theatres 
in  the  reign  of  Charles  the  First. 


*  Mr.  Charles  Keao I  in  his  repre§eatatioa  of  M«cb«tb  at  fclie  PHticeM't  Theatre. 
haff  alroady  adopted  a  great  ni'tiiy  of  tho  a^w  eorrecticMia* 


ib 


m 


048 


THE  HISTORY  OF  ROME.     By  Mrs.  Hamilton  Gray. 


AMOXG  the  multiplieitj  of  publi- 
rntions  which  characterize  the  present 
ilrty*  there  is  one  class  of  works  which , 
HH  it  appears  to  us^  h  an  increaaing 
one, — we  refer  to  new  books  on  old 
flubjeeta  ;  for  instance^  new  histories  of 
ttocient  times,  such  a^j  the  one  to  whicli 
we  deaire  to  call  attention  in  the  pre- 
sent article, 

Allcr  Echard^  and  HcK>k,  and  (rib- 
bon, and  Yertoti  and  Crevier^  nnd 
Montesquieu,  had  all,  in  their  several 
ways,  treated  the  annals  of  ancient 
Rome,  why  did  Dr.  Arnold  judge  well 
to  add  to  nis  many  other  arduous  oc- 
cupations, that  of  conipiHng  a  new 
history?  and  why  has  the  worhJ,  in- 
stead of  condeuiinng  Ida  unfkrlakintj 
as  siiperlluous^  cndy  huiiented  that  Ins 
premature  deatli  should  have  pre- 
vented its  completion  ?  Possessed  as 
we  are  of  the  diffuse  tnirrative  of 
RolHn^  and  the  elaborate  volumes  of 
Gillies  and  Mitfonl,  whttt  reason  lias 
been  re<:eiitly  found,  not  by  one  only 
but  by  two  of  our  distinguished  literary 
men,  for  writing  tbe  history  of  Greece 
anew  ?  And  after  all  that  Piunock,  and 
Trimmer,  and  Goldsmith,  and  Keight- 
ley  have  done  to  simplify  and  abrid^re^ 
if  we  may  out  say  to  adorn  and  render 
attraetivcT  the  History  of  Rome  for  the 
youni^,  why  does  Mrs.  Ilandlton  Gray 
feel  herself  called  upon  to  publisji 
another  version  of  the  oft-tohl  tale  P 

Two  reasttus  suj:*gest  themselves  to 
ftDswer  to  j^uch  fnqniries :  first,  the 
large  amount  of  new  mat^arial  with 
wluch  the  extended  acquisitions  of  phi- 
lology, and  the  marvefious  discoveries 
resulting  from  antiquarian  research, 
have  in  these  Eatter  days  supplied  his- 
torians; and,  secondly,  the  improved 
qualidcations  of  the  historians  them> 
selves.  The  stirring  eventa  which  have 
i>ccurred,  the  large  qnestions  which 
have  been  agitated  (luring  the  last 
fifty  years,  have  told  powerfully  upon 
the  mind  of  Europe  ;  and  the  educa- 
tion whicii  its  thinking  men  have 
thereby  received,  has  placed  thera  on 
a  far  liigher  platform  of  intellectual 
vision  than  that  occupied  by  their  pre- 
decessor* in  the  lust  century,  whilst^ 
»l  the  same  time,  it  ha^i  quickened  in 
them  stronger  and  finer  sympathies* 
As  Arnold  has  so  well  observed^  there 


is  no  beneficial  knowledge  of  the  past, 
Ufilesa   we    understand    the    present, 

even  as,  on  the  other  hand,  we  shall 
only  find  the  correct  interpretation  of 
the  present  in  the  study  of  the  past. 
The  more  vividly  we  live  in  the  pre- 
sent, and  the  more  marked  in  ita 
features  and  stirring  in  its  activities 
that  present  ia^  the  clearer  will  be  cor 
view  of  the  past,  the  more  accurate 
our  representation  of  it ;  and,  in  par- 
ticular, that  period  of  past  history  will 
be  best  appreciated,  and  consequently 
most  successfully  delineated  by  us^  m 
which  the  principles  that  animated  lis 
heroes  and  formed  the  basis  of  it« 
transactions  bear  the  closest  analogy 
to  those  which  are  at  work  in  our  own 
time.  Now,  we  believe  that  the  event* 
of  tlie  last  fifty  years  have  brought 
into  play  principles  and  raised  up  fjues- 
tions  strikingly  analogous  to,  and  in 
many  respects  identical  with,  those 
which  stirred  the  Grecian  states  du- 
ring their  most  prominent  era,  and 
which  agitated  the  Roman  Republic 
during  its  latter  days;  and  therefore 
we  think  it  only  natural  that  men  of 
the  present  generation  should  be  able 
to  tell  the  story  of  Grecian  revolu- 
tions and  Roman  contests  with  a  vivid- 
ness, a  sympathy,  and  consequently  a 
truth,  which  we  vainly  seek  in  the 
calmer,  though  it  may  be  more  ele- 
gantly written,  pages  of  earlier  hia- 
torlatis. 

The  most  attractive  feature  of  these 
niodern  histories  of  obi  time*  Is  often 
their  illustration  of  the  past  by  ttie 
present,  sometimes  by  the  institution 
of  direct  comparison,  sometimes  by 
mere  passing  allusion,  sometimes  only 
by  the  phraseology  in  which  the  nar- 
rative ia  coucbea,  W^ho  has  not  felt 
the  charm  of  such  graceful  and  ef* 
fcctive  illustration  in  Niebuhr's  Lec- 
tures? Instance  his  reference  to  tfie 
great  families — the  Russells  and  the 
Howards — of  Britain,  as  parallels  in  the 
permanence  of  their  famdy  pfilltics  and 
characteristics  t^  the  old  Roman  Gen  te.^ 
the  Publilii  and  the  Decii ;  hts  ext»lana- 
tion  of  the  service  of  the  Pnct<»nan  co- 
horts by  the  Gujiies  des  Gcneraux  of 
Napoleon  ;  his  apt  use  of  the  mo^terit  i 
French  term  hpnl'm  eharact-erizing  thi 
mind  of  Cicero  ;  hts  illustration  of  the 


i8530 


The  Mistortf  of  Rome* 


349 


I 


I 

I 


position  of  Iiouie*s  great  lueu  in  the 
[ Jitter  days  of"  ihe  Republic »  by  the 
Frencliiijan's  sayings  ut\er  the  great 
revolution  in  his  country,  "  You  do  not 
know  wbat  it  Ls  to  have  lived  during 
a  revolution.  One  biggins  the  attack 
with  the  beHt,  and  in  the  end  one  finds 
one  a  self  nmong  knaves  "  Kiebwbr's 
ili^ciple  and  iidoiirer  Arnold  has  not 
iliiled  to  imitate  his  niaHler  in  thia  re- 
spect. He  hna,  indeed,  devoted  iin 
entire  essay  to  traeing  tbe  analogy 
between  what  h  usually  called  ancient 
and  modern  history ;  and  hsLS  shown 
that  there  was  in  fact  a  modern  period 
in  the  history  of  ancient  nations,  even 
tin  there  hits  been  an  ancient  period  in 
the  history  of  modern  Europe,  And 
we  think  that  those  who  have  studied 
that  essay  will  agree  with  us,  that  the 
piiralldism  thu^  established  not  only 
sheds  new  (jght  iip«n  ancient  history, 
but  oontVra  upon  its  events,  and  its 
heroesvan  importance  and  a  significance 
which  they  could  hardly  have  claimed 
otherwise. 

The  writer  of  the  work  now  under 
review  is  not  wanting  in  the  talent  so 
happily  employed  by  the  tlistinguished 
historians  to  whom  we  have  been  re- 
t erring.  A  ready  perception  of  ana- 
logy, a  power  of  mi  using  into  the  past 
the  life  of  the  |>reseiiti  and  of  trauing 
identity  of  principle  amid  variety  of 
manifestation,  characterises  all  the 
writings  of  Mrs,  Ilamilt<>n  Gray,  It 
was  especially  manifest  in  her  former 
works,*  and  we  think  that  they  have 
owed  to  it  much  of  their  great  and 
very  deserved  jiopularity.  As  she  leads 
us  through  the  sei*ulehres  of  ancient 
Etruria,  or  coliectsi  and  embodies  for 
us  the  traditions  of  its  remarkable  but 
mysterious  race,  Mrs,  Hamilton  Gray 
seems  to  feel  herself  thoroughly  at 
home,  as  among  intimate  acquaintjince, 
and  she  makes  us  feel  so  too.  The 
sentiment  of  Terence  is  evidently  hers, 
Homu  mm :  hamaml  [litiU  a  me  allenum  puto. 

As  well  by  her  direct  comparisons 
with  familiar  things,  as  by  her  familiar 
language  in  deaeribing  the  institutions 
and  telling  the  story  of  five-and- twenty 
centuries  ago,  she  never  allows  us  for 
a  moment  to  lose  the  recollection  that, 
all  diilerencefl  of  qi^ech  and  costume 
notwithstandiDgf  as  in  water  fiice  an- 


swereth  to  face,  so  the  heart  of  man  to 
man  ;  and  that,  in  spite  of  all  the  no- 
velties of  recent  discovery,  and  all  the 
innovations  of  modern  modes  and  cus- 
toms, still,  in  the  deepest  and  truest 
sense,  there  is  no  new  thin^^  under  the 
sun.  As  we  read  her  simple  pages  we 
are  ready  to  weep  with  the  mournera 
at  the  painted  sepulchres,  and  we  are 
gladdened  by  sympathy  with  the  guests 
at  convivial  banquets  and  graceful 
games ;  for  we  are  sure  that^  ailer  all, 
their  joys  and  sorrows  were  like  our 
own ;  and  the  heroee  of  her  tale,  Tar^ 
quin,  Mastarna,  Porsenna,  instead  of 
haunting  and  perplexing  us  as  shadowy 
myths  or  skeleton  formulas,  stand  clear 
out  to  our  view  aa  living  men.  Her 
ethnological  theories  may  be  ques- 
tionable, and  some  of  her  philological 
derivations  subjects  for  discussion ; 
but  we  believe  that  no  one  will  have 
read  her  History  without  bein^  con- 
scious that  he  nas  gained  a  distinct 
and  vivid  impression  of  the  genius  and 
institutions  of  ancient  Etruria,  and 
consequently  of  ancient  Rome,  or  witli- 
out  paying  homage  to  the  skill  with 
whicn  a  subject,  which  had  in  it  so 
much  of  the  repulsiveness  of  mere  an- 
tiquarian speculation,  has  been  pre- 
sented in  a  form  so  living  and  so 
winning, 

Mrs,  Hamilton  Gray*s  History  of 
Rome,  of  which  two  volumes,  em- 
bracing the  period  of  the  Republic, 
appeared  some  time  ago,  is  scarcely  so 
rich  in  remark  and  illustration  as  her 
earlier  works.  Perhaps  she  deemed 
that,  83  the  history  became  fuller  and 
more  authentic,  they  were  less  neces- 
sary ;  but  we  think  that  occastonally 
she  might,  with  much  advanta^e^  have 
given  them  more  scope.  It  is  true, 
indeed,  that  the  annals  of  imimrial 
Rome  do  record  instances  of  cruelty 
ami  of  vice,  to  which  not  only  it  would 
be  ditBeult  to  discover  a  parallel,  but 
for  which  it  is  hard  to  find  any  ex- 
planation. Still,  even  on  this  period 
of  the  history,  we  think  some  light 
might  be  thrown  by  analojjy.  In  the 
recent  political  history  of  Europe  (we 
make  no  reference  to  what  ma^  have 
paifsed  among  the  Polish  exiles  to 
Siberia,  or  what  may  now  be  passing 
in  the  dungeoiiB  of  Italy,  or  among 


350 


The  ffUtoiy  of  Rome. 


[April. 


the  French  exiles  to  Cajennet)  but  in 
the  recent  public  political  hiutory  of 
Eorope,  we  should  happily  perhaps 
have  difficulty  in  tindino;  any  counter- 

Imrt  to  thi?  sanguiiiury  crimes  and  vio- 
ent  deaths  ot"  some  of  the  monstera 
who  filled  the  ini|»irijd  throne  of  Koiue. 
But  the  diJHcuUy  would  not  be  so 
great  were  we  to  search  the  middle 
a^es.  To  quote  the  words  of  Sir  George 
Sinclair  in  a  recent  pamphlet : 

You  may  often  find,  la  almost  uninter- 
rupted succession^  a  series  of  auprt-me 
pontiffs,  who  have  heeo  crafty  as  Tiberias, 
lustful  AS  Caligpala,  stupid  as  Claudius, 
cruel  a«  Nero^  euperauDuaCed  as  Gdiha, 
effeminate  as  Otho,  i^luttonons  as  Vitel* 
tiui,  covetous  at  VeiHpmsian,  san^inarj  as 
Domitian  ;  andf  where  tberc  have  been 
■omc  wko^  like  Cele«tine  V.  Adriao  VI. 
Urban  VI L  or  Marcdlua  IL  have  imi- 
tated Titua  in  the  excellences  of  his  cha- 
racier^  they  have  almost  uniformly  r&«em- 
bled,  or  rather  surpassed,  him  ako  in  the 
bre\'ity  of  their  reapective  reigns. 

And,  eTen  if  we  prefer  adhering  to 
contemporary  history,  analogies  will 
not  fail  us  provided  we  cxttMid  our 
survey  beyond  the  confines  of  Europe. 
If,  for  instance,  we  laok  for  a  moment 
at  the  atrocities  that  were  perpetrated 
a  little  while  ago  in  the  Punp'tb  before 
it  fell  under  British  rule^  shall  we  not 
6nd  something  which,  if  it  may  not 
explain,  will  at  all  uventa  htdp  us  to 
realise  the  actual  occurrence  of  deeds 
which,  from  their  intrinsic  vdeness  as 
well  as  from  the  strange  infatuation 
which  tolerated  their  commission,  ap- 

rr,  as  we  read  of  them  in  historyj  to 
utterly  incredible?  Will  not  the 
murders  of  Kurruk  Sing,  and  Nonehal 
Sing,  and  Shere  Sing,  and  Dyan  Sing, 
and  Heera  Sing,  and  all  the  other 
atrocities  by  which,  within  a  few  years, 
every  siithir  but  one  of  old  Runjeet's 
court  was  swept  away,  and  to  that 
monarch  but  a  solitary  descendant  was 
le(\, — will  not  these  things  serve  to 
attest  the  credibility  of  the  successive 
assassin  at  ions  of  Agri]ipa^  Posthumus^ 
Drususi,  Agrijipintu,  Livilla,  liritanni- 
ens,  and  of  all  the  other  crimes  by 
which  the  leading  men  of  the  Angn>?tau 
age  were  removed,  and  the  extinc- 
tion of  the  Augustan  race  itself  was 
at  length  brought  about?  Strong 
as  may  have  been  the  contrast  be- 
tween the  actors  in  these  tragedies 
and  between  the  scenes  of  their  ao- 


eompliBhmenti  widely  as  the  togaM 
Roman  differed  from  the  turbaned 
Sikh,  classic  Italy  from  the  wild 
Punj&b,  yet  were  not  the  same  motives 
at  work  in  each  case*  the  same  dissolute 
love  of  pleasure,  the  same  savage  lust 
of  power?  And  did  not  the  same 
political  causes  exist — ^  despotic  so- 
vereignty, a  restless  soldiery,  and  a 
succession  of  overbearing  favourites  ? 
True,  the  iintecedents  dilfered*  In  the 
modern  inslanccj  we  have  a  nation  ac- 
cuatomed  for  centuries  to  bow  beneath 
Oriental  despotism,  wholly  untrained 
to  8elf*governmentTunacr|Uainted  with 
the  very  idea ;  whilst  Rome  iitiU  called 
itself  a  Republic,  and  by  the  frame- 
work of  free  ine^titulions  which  it  re* 
tained,  testified  that,  however  degraded 
its  popuhition  might  now  have  become, 
they  were  the  demandants  of  men  who, 
not  so  very  long  ago,  by  their  own  in- 
domitable energv  and  martial  virtue, 
had  conquered  the  world.  And  here 
lies  the  dilBculty  in  understanding  the 
history  of  the  early  period  of  iniperial 
Rome,  How  came  it  about  that  nobles 
and  senators,  knights  and  warriors., 
men  of  literary  culture  and  men  of 
military  prowess,  all  sat  calmly  by, 
year  after  year,  whilst  the  throne  was 
occupied  by  madmen  and  assjissins  P 
Nay  more*  that  they  actually  minis- 
tered to  the  pranks  of  the  former  and 
the  atrocities  of  the  latter  ?  How  waa 
it  that  they  allowed  Tiberius  to  act 
the  monster  for  twelve  years,  and 
Claudius  to  play  the  fool  fur  thirteeiij 
years,  and  Nero  for  fourteen  year*  tfl 
enact  the  part  of  both  ?  What  had 
converted  the  proud  sons  of  Ital^  into 
the  slaves  of  a  worse  than  Oriental 
despotism  ?  Perhaps  the  period  of 
this  trunsition  is  as  instructive  and 
imt>ortant  a^  any  in  Roman  htstorj|| 
and  we  could  wish  that  Mrs.  IlumUtoil 
Gray  had  called  attention  to  it  more 
distinctly,  and  pointed  out  the  causes 
which  brought  it  about  more  clearly. 
We  could  wish  that  she  had  prefixed 
to  her  present  volume  a  short  review 
of  the  steps  by  which  the  Republic  had 
been  grarlually  prepared  for  and  was 
at  length  converted  into  the  Empire— 
the  steps  by  which  the  Rome  of  Ro- 
mulus and  of  Tarquin,  of  the  Decem- 
virs and  of  the  Consuls,  of  the  Scipios 
and  of  tbe  Gracchi,  of  Marius  and  of 
Sjlla,  of  Pompey  and  of  Julius  Cwsar, 
became  at  length  the  Rome  of  Auguii- 


^^853.] 


The  ffitioi'^  of  Pome, 


a5t 


I 


I 


tu9  and  of  Nero.  And  we  could  wish 
that  she  had  furnished  us  with  a  fuller 
account  than  her  two  first  p^ges  con- 
tain of  the  |>olitical  institutions  of  the 
EnipircH,  ftnJ  the  mode  in  which  th^y 
conlrasteii  with  and  yet  were  derived 
from  the  political  institutions  of  the 
Republic.  Such  a  fore -chapter  ^  to  use 
a  term  in  correspondence  with  that  of 
after'ChnpiiTy  by  which  Mrs.  U  ami  I  ton 
Gray  has  designated  several,  and  in 
our  opinion  the  best»  divisions  of  her 
work,  would  have  atlded  intelligibility 
and  point  to  the  succeeding  history, 
and  mijrht  further  have  borne  some 
instructive  relation  to  events  which 
are  exciting  no  small  interest  in  the 
present  day. 

We  have  all  during  the  last  few 
months  been  watching  in  wonder  and 
suspense  tiie  ascendancy  obtained  by 
one  individual  over  a  neighbouring 
nation >  We  have  seen  the  great  and 
the  mighty^  the  wealthy  and  the  lite- 
rary, all  honouring  him  with  their  alle- 
giance, or  bowing  beneath  bis  power. 
And,  when  we  huve  called  to  mind 
the  questionuble  character  and  mode- 
rate abilities  of  the  individuii!  thus 
exalted ;  and  the  impetuosity  nnd  love 
of  equality,  if  we  may  not  say  of  liberty, 
which  characterise  the  nation  thus 
crushed  beneath  his  sway,  our  wonder 
18  increased  to  perfect  iinmxctnent : 
but  perhaps  if  we  look  back  a  few 
years,  and  remember  how  that  nation 
then  had  its  Marian  proscriptions,  its 
civil  tumults,  and  its  social  wars  ;  bow 
ftlter  a  tiuie^  exhausted  witli  blomlshed, 
it  welcoint'd  the  rule  of  the  Ca^iiar  who, 
£ushed  witli  victory,  returned  at  the 
head  of  a  triumphant  soldiery ;  but 
how*  after  that  Csesar  bad  been  hurled 
from  his  throne,  its  social  dii^organiza- 
tion  »till  kept  it  heaving  with  factions 
fierce  as  those  of  the  old  Triumvirs, 
and  writhing  beneath  the  government 
of  rulers  aa  selBsh  and  ambitious  a^ 
they ;  if  we  call  all  this  to  mind,  we 
shall  scarcely  be  so  unprepared  to  see 
the  reins  of  power  at  length  assumed 
by  an  Augustus,  favoured  by  the  pres- 
tige of  family  connections,  and  the  sub- 
mission of  a  nation  quickly  dazzled  by 
pageantry,  easily  fljittered  by  hopes 
of  military  glory,  and  now  worn  out 
by  fitruggk^s  which  its  own  combined 
weakness  and  rashness  have  rendered 
futile.  Taking  this  vieiv,  we  can  only 
desire,  for  the  lake  ot  the  world  tt 


large,  that  the  Augustus  of  our  day 
may  continue  to  prove  himself  as  pa* 
citic  in  his  dispositions  as  his  prototype, 
and,  for  the  sake  of  the  French  niition 
in  particular,  that  no  modern  Tiberius 
or  Nero  may  be  destined  to  succeed 
bim. 

But  to  return  from  this  somewhat 
discursive  train  of  thought.  We  have 
expressed  our  opinion  that  Mrs.  Ha- 
milton Gray  might  have  enriched  the 
latter  portion  of  her  History  by  more 
illustrations  ;  but  we  must  do  her  the 
justice  to  add  that,  by  the  easy  fami- 
liarity of  ht^r  style,  the  number  of 
anecdotes  which  she  has  interspersed, 
and  the  vivacity  with  which  she  haa 
related  them,  she  has  imparted  to  her 
narrative  all  the  life  and  all  the  reality 
which  characteriseil  her  earlier  volumes. 
We  quote  a  few  specimens.  Here  is  a 
description  of  a  dandy,  a  Beau  Brum- 
rael,  in  the  reign  of  Nero  : — 

We  have  already  mentioned  Cains  Pe- 
tronius  Arbiter,  who  suffered  for  tire  coa- 
spiracjof  Piso,aa  the  arbiter  elegantiaruiD, 
the  man  of  fash i on »  and  the  pattern  fine 
geutleman  of  Rome.  He  would  have  been 
utterly  coiitempliblep  like  the  rest  of  hli 
Tapountig  class,  had  he  not  also  been  a 
man  of  wit,  re^nement,  and  classical  taste, 
and  g^ifted  with  the  most  perfect  self-pos- 
session. It  is  strange  that  such  men  should 
think  a  display  of  indolfnce»  selfishness, 
and  nffectation  commendable.  Though  he 
wasted  Im  dayi  in  sleep,  and  his  utghtj^  in 
revelling,  he  was  a  man  of  superior  cdaca- 
tiou  autl  aa  elegant  writer*  He  never  en- 
tangled himself  by  extravagance,  though 
ixinst  fastidious  in  bis  luxury  ;  and  was 
always  polite  in  htD  cooduct,  though  he 
cherished  a  sorereign  contempt  for  hi  a 
felIoW'cr<f«tures.  As  Coti»ul«  and  as  Go- 
vernor of  Bithynia,  he  acquitted  bifn&elf 
admirably  ;  bat  when  without  occupation, 
he  gloried  in  the  life  of  a  o»eleis  coicomb, 
Nero  took  his  advice  in  all  matten  of  ta»te, 
wliich  excited  the  jealousy  of  Tigellinus, 
who  was  afraid  of  being  ^upptanted.  He, 
therefore,  accu§ed  Fetronius  falttety  of 
joining  Piso's  conspiracy,  and  Nero  had 
him  arrested  at  C^ima,  after  they  hud  beea 
ritJing  at  friends  together.  Petronius 
scorned  to  ask  for  mercy,  and  chose  to 
bleed  to  denth.  He  had  hh»  veins  cut  j 
but,  insteiid  of  allowing  the  blood  to  ruu, 
be  had  thtm  closed  and  cat  again  several 
times  over.  During  these  awfal  hoars  he 
discoursed  with  hi  a  friends  on  Light  mat- 
ters, wrote  love  verses,  and  totd  amusing 
stories — a  revolting  and  unmanly  mode  of 
playing  with  death.  During  the  intervals, 
though  he  felt  bimself  wastiikf  away,  ht 


he  Hktory  of  Rom*** 


[April 


coDtriTet!  to  puDisli  Uis  slaves ;  anct  whilst 
hiift  strength  lasted  he  wrote  a  severe  lec- 
ture ta  Nero,  enumerating  his  abtiminnble 
secret  ctimea,  and  loading  him  with  the 
opiirobrium  he  desenred.  This  be  ad- 
dressed and  sealedf  aFler  which  be  broke 
his  ieal,  that  no  innocent  person  might 
fiufler  for  his  a^t.  Petronius  then  resumed 
his  triflingj  and*  gradually  sinking,  e.Tpired. 
Upon  the  letter  being  brought  to  Nero^  he 
eagerly  tore  it  open,  expecting  it  to  con- 
tain a  gift  of  iands  or  monijy  j  whtn  be 
had  read  it  he  seemed  ready  to  kill  himself 
Id  a  paroxysm  of  mge. 

The  following  Is  the  picture  of  a 
Robin  IIuwl  ID  the  tiraeof  Severn^  : — 

A  handitt  named  Bulla  Felix,,  deaurvea 
to  be  meulioned  as  the  Robin  Hood  of 
Italy.  He  eicoared  the  country  for  two 
yean  with  imp  unity,  at  the  head  of  600 
men,  chie6y  rnn-away  slaves  ;  wilb  these 
he  perfornjed  feats  of  audacity  and  cun- 
ning which  baffled  every  altempt  at 
seizure.  Be  plundered  the  rich ,  but  spared 
the  poor  {  and  captive  artizanf«  be  would 
make  Labour  for  him,  and  then  release, 
paying  them  ibeir  full  wages*  He  libe- 
rated two  of  bis  men  from  prison,  by  pre- 
tending to  he  the  chief  magiatrale  of  the 
dijatrict ;  going  as  sucb,  richly  dressed^  to 
the  gaoler,  and  demanding  them  to  itigbt 
with  wild  heasta.  Another  time  be  pre* 
aented  himself  in  disguise  to  a  centurion 
who  was  in  search  of  him,  and,  oflering  to 
guide  him  to  the  baunts  of  Bulla  Felix^ 
led  him  into  the  tjiidst  of  a  wooded  valley, 
from  behind  the  tree«  of  which  bis  men 
started  out  in  ambuscade.  Here  he  bade 
bis  astonished  companion  contemplate  their 
Dumber  and  equipment,  and  commaDding 
him  to  stand,  be  mounted  bis  tribunal  to 
judge  bim*  **  Go  free,"  he  said,  '*  and  tell 
your  chiefs  that,  if  I  bey  wish  to  diminish 
my  folio  we  rsr  tbey  must  deal  more  mildly 
with  their  shivea.*'  Felix  was  captured  at 
last  A^D.  207|  and  torn  to  pieces  by  wild 
beasts  in  the  ampliitheatrc. 

Here  we  have  a  portraiture  of  tb« 
effeminate  Emperor  Ehigabalus: 

ElagabaluB  wis  so  detested  sod  despbed, 
that  the  Romans  were  unwilling  to  admit 
that  he  had  ever  done  anything  worthy  of 
remembrance.  However,  he  added  a  band- 
some  portico  to  the  Baths  of  CaracaUa, 
and  he  erected  a  msgnificeDt  temple  to  the 
Sun,  rivalling  Ibe  most  splendid  editices 
of  his  predecessors.  It  was  of  white 
marble,  and  two  mosisive  blocks  are  still 
shown  at  Rome  as  having  belonged  to  it ; 
though  it  seems  more  likely  that  every 
vestige  of  it  baa  perished,  or  been  worked 
up  into  other  buildings.  At  the  Feast  of 
Dedication,  when  the  black  stone  of  Emesa 


was  carried  through  the  streets  of  Rocoe 
in  a  golden  chariot,  set  with  precious 
ston(.'a,  and  drawn  by  six  horses,  the  Em- 
peror himself  held  the  reins,  and  the 
whole  way  was  paved  with  gold  dust. 

During  his  reign  of  less  than  four  years 
he  was  six  times  married.  Such  was  bis 
boundless  extravagance  that  be  beggared 
tliG  provinces,  and  left  the  fis^cus  empty. 
His  meanest  vesseb  were  of  gold  ;  his 
beds  were  of  massive  t«ilver,  and  his  fumi- 
tare  of  embroidered  silk,  more  costly  than 
gold.  He  robed  himself  in  silk,  which 
the  Romans  appropriated  to  their  richest 
matrons,  and  he  adorned  bis  sandoJs  with 
the  finest  engraved  stones,  as  if  the  works 
of  the  best  artists  were  worthy  of  no 
higher  place  on  the  person  of  Elagabalus* 
He  never  wore  twice  the  same  dress  or  the 
same  ornaments*  The  plate  which  was 
used  at  his  eutertaiameuts  he  presented 
to  his  guests ;  he  thre^v  tickets  amongst 
the  people  for  large  sums  of  money,  jeweU, 
and  precious  furniture.  He  maae  the 
most  honourable  senators  drink  to  excesst^ 
whilst  he  starved  the  parasites  at  tables 
covered  with  mock  food,  in  painted  wood, 
ivory,  glass,  or  wax.  He  treated  reserved 
characters  with  insolence  and  roughness, 
and  smothered  hiis  batterers  under  heaps 
of  flowers.  His  lish-fKJuds  were  filled 
with  rose-water,  and  his  nauinachia  with 
wine.  The  floors  upon  which  he  walked 
were  covered  with  embroidered  carpers,  or 
strewed  with  exotic  flowers.  He  ate  of  no 
diflh  that  was  uot  procured  at  an  expense 
of  toil  and  money.  In  the  country  be 
would  have  fish  from  the  ocean,  and  feed 
his  pheasants  with  roes  of  mullets.  On 
the  sea  shore  he  lusiiled  upon  the  rarest 
in  la  ad  gome ;  his  favourite  dishes  being 
the  tongues  of  peacocks  and  nightingalof , 
and  the  brains  of  parrots  or  pheasants. 
One  day  be  ordered  a  banquet  to  be  pre- 
pared for  him  by  five  different  senators, 
whose  houses  all  lay  widely  apart,  and  his 
enjoyment  consisted  in  the  trouble  they 
hod  to  convey  it  to  him.  He  fed  his  dogt 
with  the  livirrt;  of  geese;  bis  horses  with 
raisins  ;  and  bis  lions  and  other  wild  beaats 
with  partridges  and  pheasants.  He  was 
extravagant  as  Caligula,  and  as  vidoos  is 
Nero,  without  the  talents  or  the  madnea* 
of  either.  Elagahalus  b  a  striking  exem- 
plification of  the  power  of  n  ■  He 
kept  a  jewelled  diadem  in  bi^  ;  h 
he  never  dared  to  wear,  exce]vt  ^  st 
of  the  Sun.  The  Romans  endured  bmi  in 
all  his  baseness,  pusillanimity,  and  fla- 
gitiousaess,  for  nearly  four  years,  and 
thought  themselves  free  republicans.  Had 
be  assumed  his  diadem,  and  shown  liiiti- 
self  as  king,  though  transformed  into  is 
Titus  or  a  Trajan,  tbey  would  not  have 
tolerated  him   foar  days.     His  favourite 


185a.] 


The  Huito^y  ofRome^ 


353 


my  dement  was  to  outrage  tbe  aetiatorst 
bd  shock  their  foadest  prejudices  j  he 
reed  tUera  to  drive  chariots  h\  the  circus, 
and  to  dance  at  the  feasts  of  liis  gods ; 
whilst  the  commanda  and  dlgntlte»  which 
they  considered  theirs  by  right,  be  lavti^hed 
u  poD  fttt  d  m  en  or  manu  ID  i  tted  si  a  v  ea.  The 
Prsfect  of  the  FnetoriaQs  was  a  dancer, 
the  Prefect  of  the  Watch  a  charioteer,  the 
Prajfect  of  the  City  a  freedmun,  and  the 
Praefect  of  the  Provisions  a  barber.  Yet 
tbe  heinous  crime  of  the§e  men,  in  the 
eyes  of  the  Senate,  waa  not  tieir  inca- 
pacity but  their  obscure  birth.  The  vi- 
sionary equality  of  a  modera  republic  had 
no  place  in  the  ide^s  of  an  ancient  one. 

H'e  select  next,  iu  contrast  to  the 
tbove,  the  description  otHbe  barbarian 
Emperor  Maximin  : 

He  was  a  man  of  ettranrdinary  itature^ 
eight  ftret  and  a  half  high,  and  held  by  the 
troops  in  equal  esteem  for  his  rough  inte- 
grity and  dauntless  courage*  His  mother 
waa  au  AilemaDnian,  nod  his  father  a 
Goth.  He  himself  kept  his  father's  docks 
when  Septimtis  Severus  first  saw  him  at 
the  yaffles  id  honor  of  his  son  Geta.  Max- 
im in  asked  leave  to  join  the  gymnaiticA, 
aad  being  permitted  to  contend  with 
wrefitlers  who  were  not  Roman  eoldiers 
(for  it  would  have  been  a  disgrace  to  them 
to  he  overthrown  by  him)  be  vanquished 
thirteen  in  iucces^ion.  Severus  ga?e  him 
the  prife  with  his  own  hands,  conferred 
on  him  tbe  privilegea  of  citixenabip,  and 
enlisted  bim  into  his  army.  Three  days 
after  this  be  ran  a  race  against  the  Em- 
peror on  horseback,  and  kept  in  ad¥ance 
until  Severus  halted  from  sheer  exhanatioo. 
He  then  wrestled,  as  if  he  were  quite  freab, 
with  seven  soldiers  in  sucoessioD,  and 
overthrew  them  alL  The  astonished  Em- 
peror presented  him  with  a  golden  coUari 
I  and  placed  him  amongst  the  Prselorians. 
He  was  handsome,  frank,  and  honourable. 
The  soldiers  gloried  in  him,  and  called 
him  their  Hercules  and  Achilles.  He 
rose  by  merit,  was  created  a  senator,  and 
Prvfect  of  tbe  Legions,  by  Alexander 
Sever  us,  and  was  highly  honoured  by  that 
prince.  But  tbe  ambition  of  Maximiu 
corrupted  all  hie  better  feelings,  and  gra- 
dually converted  him  from  an  upright  ho- 
oourable  man  into  a  rapaciouji  savage. 
His  excellent  wife  Paulina  used  all  her  in- 
fluence to  mollify  and  restrain  bi^*^  pattsinnfl, 
but  she  died  soon  after  hit  election  to  tbe 
empire.  Maximin  was  very  handsome, 
and  so  strong  that  be  could  draw  a  loaded 
waggon,  tear  up  trees  by  the  roots,  break 
a  horse 'b  leg  with  a  blow,  and  crush  a 
stone  between  his  fingers.  He  has  been 
known  to  consume  forty  pounds'of  flesh  a 
day,  and  to  drink  an  amphora  (six  gallons) 
GfiifT.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


of  wine,  without  eating  or  drinking  to  ex- 
cess. In  his  latter  days  the  Eoldiera  called 
him  Cyclops,  and  other  names  of  former 
ginnts  and  monster;!.  Hi&  two  great  defi-^ 
ciencies,  want  of  polite  kariiing,  and  want 
of  senatorial  connection,  continually  ran- 
kled in  his  mind,  and  produced  malignant 
feelings  even  towards  hiM  early  benefac 
tors. 

As  we  read  tbese  and  similar  pas- 
S4i|ge«,  we  can  scarcely  full  to  be  struck 
with  the  remurknble  fact  of  the  exhi- 
bilioti,  Ijj  their  elevation  to  the  itn- 
periiil  throne,  of  these  gisint  specimena 
of  human  depruvity  to  the  giute  of  the 
whole  worlds  at  the  very  time  when 
the  grand  remedy  for  that  depravity 
was  being  first  proclaimed,  and  so  soon 
after  the  great  sacrifice  for  human 
guilt  li ad  been  oflered^  and  the  divine 
model  of  human  perfection  had  been 
manifested. 

Mrs.  Hamilton  Gray  is  no  kss  suc- 
cessful in  simple  narrative  thati  in  eha- 
racteristie  portraiture.  Our  space  for 
extracts  is,  however,  nearly  exhausted, 
and  those  we  have  already  given  will 
Buflice  to  show  tbsit,  whatever  other 
qualities  the  history  under  review  may 
have  or  want,  it  is  neither  dry  nor 
tamt;.  The  After- Chapters,  to  which 
we  have  before  alluded,  develope  many 
curious  facts  regarding  ancient  man- 
ners, commerce*  aud  literature,  and 
point  out  the  moat  interesting  monu- 
ments of  ancient  art,  and  still  existing 
traces  of  ancient  langu.ige  and  customs* 

The  following  account  of  the  first 
introduction  of  silk  into  Europe  is  a 
good  example  of  these  illustmiions  of 
the  History  :^ — 

During  the  Cantabrian  war,  whilst 
Augustus  was  detained  by  illness  at  Tar- 
raco,  he  was  gratified  by  embassies  from 
tbe  Indians  of  the  Malabar  coast,  the  Scy> 
thians,  and  the  people  of  Seres.  These 
Isijt  were  Chinese,  and  this  is  our  first 
notice  of  their  intercourse  with  Europe. 
They  were  the  origianl  manufacturers  of 
silk,  hence  called  tttrica^  and  a  silken  gar- 
ment aericum*  They  taught  the  manufac- 
ture to  the  Persians,  from  whom  Alex- 
ander the  Great  introduced  silks  into 
Greece,  whence  the  RomauB  brought  them 
to  Italy.  Silk  formed  the  richest  dress  of 
the  great  ladies,  and  was  sold  for  its  weight 
in  gold.  As  the  Persians  kept  tbe  manu- 
facture  a  secret,  and  would  not  suffer  tha 
silk-worms  to  be  taken  out  of  their  coun- 
try, it  was  for  many  centuries  impossible 
to  fabricate  it  in  Europe.  The  vanity  of 
2Z 


3.54 


TTte  History  of  Rome. 


the  young  and  v?ealthy  Romans  could  not 
resist  the  temptatinn  to  wear  the  forbidden 
!uiury,  tbougli  Tiberius  branded  it  with 
the  epitUet  of  *^  efleminate,"  aed  passed  a 
law  forbidding  men  to  appear  in  Bilken 
garmeiiU.  Augnifitus  pafised  the  winter  of 
ofG.  R.  731,  at  Samoii  where  a  second 
Indiau  embassy  waited  upon  him.  The 
presents  which  the  amhajstiadora  brought 
lo  Augustus  were  a  colossal  partridge  and 
tortoUe,  euormotfs  serpenta,  and  fierce 
Bengal  tigers,  the  first  eter  Been  in  Europe. 

In  the  after-chapter  following  the 
reigii  of  Aurellan  it  is  noticed — 

A  military  club-book^  belonging  to  this 
era,  which  waa  found  id  tke  old  workings 
of  a  gold  mine  iu  Transylvania^  in  a.d. 
1807,  and  is  now  in  the  Vienna  Moseuia, 
It  is  a  triptye,  that  i^,  it  consiistg  of  three 
tablets  of  wood  coated  over  with  wax,  and 
bound  together  by  a  elight  cord.  The 
wax  ia  indented  with  a  pen  of  steel  in 
cursive  Roman  characters,  and  contaios 
the  act  of  disBolntion  of  a  burial  club,  be- 
cause its  members  had  became  too  numer- 
ous for  the  funds  to  support.  This  book 
was  sown  up  in  linen  and  sealed  ;  and  its 
contents  were  written  both  upon  the  eite- 
riorand  interior.  The  Romans  besides  bad 
savings  hanks,  in  which  every  soldier  was 
obliged  to  deposit  money,  which  bore 
interest,  in  the  bands  of  his  o^cer. 

On  the  Fiscus  as  dbtinguiiihed  from 
tbe  iErarium  : 

The  revenues  from  the  senatorial  pro. 
vinces  constituted  the  J^rartutn,  or  the 
treasury  of  the  state.  The  revenues  of 
the  imperial  provinces  were  appropriated 
to  the  army,  and  formed  a  distinct  treasury 
under  tbe  emperor's  control,  called  Ibc 
Fiacus.  That  wbicli  related  to  it  was 
termed  fiscal.  The  word  Jiicu$  meant, 
originally,  a  wicker  basket  in  which  money 
was  kept.  A  man's  fisous  therefore  was 
his  treasure  or  money-obest.  The  fiscal 
provincefl  were  rated  anew  every  fifteen 
years,  and  the  taxes  were  farmed  by  the 
oppressive  and  detested  puhlicani* 

Such  are  a  few  specimens  of  the 
miscellaBeoiis  but  interesting  inform!!- 
tioa  which  Mrs.  Hamilton  Gray  has 
gatliered  into  her  ofter-chttpters.  They 
cotitaln  also  an  excellent  enntneration 
of  the  distlnguLihed  men  of  each  period, 
and  a  aumnmry  of  contemporary  eccle- 
tiiafiticol  events. 

In  regard  to  facts,  Mrs.  Hamilton 
Gray  h  gcneriilly  cautious  and  correct ; 
but  one  or  two  of  her  atatementa  ore 


very  questionable,  and  in  several  in- 
stances she  has  made  positive  asser^l 
tioMS  with  respect  to  things  which  arel 
only  matters  of  speculation  or  proba-l 
hility.    For  instance,  Professor  Wilson  J 
now  denies  that  tlie  inscriptions  in  Hin- 
doatan  deciphered  by  Mr.  Prinsep,  i 
which  Mrs*  H.iniilton  Gray  refers,  T 
long   at   all    to  the   reign   of   Ajioka 
to   whom,   without   cjualification,    shel 
ascribes  them.     Agam,   whilst  FiL)e|r| 
ascribes  the  Epiatle  to  the  liomaDs  i 
the  period  of  Paufs  second  visit 
Corinth,  she  assigns  to  it  a  date  sub^l 
seauent  to  his  imprisonment  at  Home^ 
altliough  the  tenor  of  the  epiatlc  itaeli 
seems  to  indicate  that  he  had  not  jelj 
vi s i ted  t  bat  ci ty .    N  otw i ths tandin^ 
uncertainty  which  rests  ution  the] 
of  the  Epistle  to  the  Galatians,  i 
Ilaniilton  Gray  unhesitatingly  ilsb 
that   it  was  written   by  Paul  at   thi 
period  of  bis  imprisonment  in  liome ; 
and  in  the  same  decided  manner  she 
states  that  the  Gospel  of  St.  Luke  ] 
been   previously   written    in    Acbaia 
although   many   learned   men    are   of 
opinion   that   it   was   written    during 
Paufg  two  years'  detention  at  Ccesarea. 
Wc  could  wish  also  that,  in  her  mention 
of  ecclesiastical  occurrences,  she  had 
more    clearly   distinguir^hed    between 
those  facta  which  are  attested  by  tbe 
records  of  inspiration,  and  other  facti 
for  which  we  rely  upon  historical  tea* 
timony    or    mere    ancient    trnditioti* 
TrVith  these  slight  exceptions,  we  take 
leave  of  Mrs,  Hamilton  Gray  and  tbe 
present  portion  of  her  work  with  heart- 
felt  commendation,   hoping    that   we 
may  have  to  welcome  its  concluding 
volume  before   long,  and   suggesting 
that  that  volume  should  commence — oa 
we  have   expressed   a  wish  that   tbe 
previous  one  had  dono^ — with  a  Fore- 
Chapter.      It  should  contain,  in  ihta 
instance,  nn  ethnological  classification 
and  brief  account  of  the  origin  and 
character  of  the  various  barbarian  na- 
tions whose  irruptions  and  cooquerta 
will  form  the  main   topic  of  the  vo* 
lume,  and  which,  althfmgh  occasionally 
emerging  to   view    in    the    previoua 
period,   do   not  occupy  a  prominent 
place  until  after  the  epoch  of  Con* 
Btantine. 


a^ 


L 


I 


LARES  AND  PENATES. 

Loret  anO  Penatei  i  or^  Ciltcia  and  its  Goveroors  ;  beiog  &  short  hbtorkul  AccDunt 
of  that  Proirince  from  the  earliest  Times  to  tlie  present  Dny,  ta(;ether  witU  a 
description  of  some  Houi^ehoLd  Gods  of  the  Ancient  CiUdan^,  broken  up  by  them 
on  their  converdon  to  Cbristianityi  first  discovered  and  brought  to  thift  country 
by  the  author,  William  Hurckhardt  Barker,  M.R.A.S.  Edited  by  Willkm  Friuicid 
AiDttworth,  F.R.G.S.,  F.G.S.  Syo.     (Ingram,  Cooke,  and  Co.) 


THIS  volume,  as  its  title  imlicutesi 
la  devoted  to  two  distinct  auLjccts — 
the  one  general,  the  other  special. 
Although  the  former  apf>cura  some* 
what  of  secondarj  consideration  to  the 
latter,  it  is  by  no  means  so  in  reality. 
Probublj  but  for  the  discovery  of  the 
Lares  and  Penates  we  mif*ht  not  have 
been  treated  with  hiiitorical  and  geo- 
graphical details  of  Cilicia,  ancient  and 
njodern,  of  high  interest  and  valye. 
The  names  of  antbor  and  uf  editor  are 
bath  honourably  known.  The  latter  es- 
peeially  has  identified  hiintH.'lf  with  the 
niatorical  and  monumental  history  of 
Cilicia  and  Syria ;  and  Mr.  Barker  was 
the  fir:*t  to  investigate  the  sources  of 
the  river  Orontes,  the  account  of 
which,  drawn  up  by  Limseil",  h  pub- 
lished in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Geo- 
graphical Society.  A  long  residence 
in  Syria,  an  early  taste  for  the  study 
of  the  Oriental  languages^  and  an  active 
spirit  of  observation  andimjuiry,  have 
combined  to  adapt  him  to  discharge 
well  and  faithfully  his  self-imposed 
task,  and  consetjuently  we  obtain  from 
him  a  g4x>d  deal  of  novel  and  in* 
struct! ve  information.  His  account  of 
the  more  modern  history  of  Cilicia  and 
its  government,  or  rather  misgovern - 
ment,  down  to  the  present  day,  will 
be  found  highly  interesting.  At  the 
present  momentT  too,  when  political 
events  are  diret:ting  public  attention 
to  the  manner  in  which  the  countries 
under  the  rule  of  the  Sublime  Forte 
have  been  treated,  Mr.  Barker's  nar* 
rative,  stamped,  as  it  is,  with  the  im- 
press of  candour  and  truth,  will  be 
read  with  that  avidity  and  emotion 
which  a  detail  of  events  of  recent  djile, 
partaking  somewhat  of  the  romance  of 
the  middle  ages,  must  inspire. 

Cilicia,  one  of  the  fairest  provinces 
of  the  Koman  empire,  and  full  of  the 
monuments  of  civilisation  and   proa- 

Jierity,  capable  of  assuming  a  high  po- 
Jlical  and  commercial  position,  the 
highway  between  the  nations  of  the 
east  and  the  west,  has  for  centuries, 


under  the  withering  rule  of  the  Otto- 
man empire,  been  a  scene  of  venality, 
injustice,  cruelty,  and  barbarism.  One 
only  wonders  that  Christian  Europe 
did  not  rise  indignantly,  and,  in  the 
name  of  mercy  and  charity,  rescue  it 
from  its  oppressors  and  tyrants.  Like 
many  of  tlie  provinces  of  Asia  Minor, 
Cilicia  for  a  long  series  of  years  was 
under  a  twofcdii  despotism — that  of 
the  Porte  and  that  of  powerful  chiefs, 
who  in  reality  held  supreme  authority, 
and  plundered  and  robbed  the  native 
populations  for  themselves  and  for  the 
snkan  at  intervals  according  to  cir* 
cnnistances-  Mr.  Barker  unfolds  many 
details  of  the  career  of  these  chiels 
which  have  never  before  been  pub- 
lished, and  we  select  as  a  curious  ex- 
ample some  passages  in  the  life  of  one 
of  these  worthies,  Khali  I  Bey^  or,  as 
he  was  commonly  called j  Kutchuk  Ali 

U.rlu. 

Kutchuk  Ali  was  in  ISOO  a  Turk- 
man chief  of  the  mountains  in  the 
vicinity  of  Bayaa  (near  the  ancient 
Issus),  and  he  laid  the  foundation  of 
bis  power  by  m.iking  nocturnid  ex- 
cursions to  rob  the  gartlena  of  Bayas. 
The  gardeners,  to  be  exempt  from  his 
depredationSi  agreed  to  pay  him  a 
yearly  tribute  or  black- maiiy  and  the 
petty  merchants  followed  their  ex* 
ample.  He  soon  raised  a  fund  suf- 
ficient to  maintain  a  baiid  of  forty  or 
fifty  robbers,  at  the  head  of  whoui  ha 
wayiiiid  the  heads  of  the  principal 
families,  and  in  a  few  years  extermi- 
nated every  individual  of  iniluence  at 
Bayas  and  ita  ten-itory.  One  held  out 
against  him  for  some  time,  but  Kut- 
chuk Ali  first  induced  him  to  marry 
his  daughter,  and  then  paternally  mur- 
dered him  with  his  own  hands* 

With  a  very  incon^idemble  number  of 
dcpenciaiitt,  who  often  did  not  exceed  two 
hundred  in  number,  Kutchuk  Ali  suc- 
ceeded in  i{iipre»sing  with  terror  and  dis* 
may  the  mindii  of  the  people  by  a  ftystem 
of  cruelty  continued  for  many  years  ;  and 
he  occasiooed  much  trouble  to  the  Porte, 


356 


CiUcia  and  ii&  Governor t^ 


[April, 


between  whom  and  the  rebel  there  eitsted, 
howeverp  a  reciprocal  desire  to  be  ou  a 
footing  of  frientishiip,  founded  on  mutual 
adTantage,  and  which  prevented  their  coa- 
tinuing  long  on  tering  of  cither  real  or 
ostensible  hostility. 

Kuichuk  Alfs  reveime  wtt3  chieily 
(leriviitl  from  contributions  exacted 
from  travellera  and  caravans.  The 
linnual  grand  earn  van  of  [ji[gnms  from 
Constantinople  to  Mucca  wiia  his 
harvest. 

It)  order  the  better  to  dispose  the  pil- 
grims to  bubmtt  to  his  extortions,  Kutcliuk 
All  was  always  careful  to  exhibit,  sa  proofs 
both  of  his  power  and  his  cruekj*  the 
spectacle  of  two  bodies  impaled  at  the 
gate  of  Bayaa.  It  happened  on  one  of 
these  oonasions,  when  the  caravan  was  ap- 
proBching^  that  his  prisons  were  empty, 
and  he  bad  no  viciinis  that  he  could  impale. 
He  imparted  his  embarrasi^ment  to  a  con* 
vivial  companion.  ^' The  caravan, "  said 
he,  "will  be  here  to-raonow,  and  we  have 
not  yet  prepared  the  customary  execution. 
Look  ye,  pick  me  out  two  from  among 
my  serviint^."  His  friend  expostulated, 
and  while  he  was  endeavouring  to  induce 
him  to  abandon  his  design  by  the  as- 
surance that  everythttig  would  proceed  io 
due  order  without  the  execution  in  ques- 
tion^  Kutchuk  A li,  still  revolvinf;  the  jxiatter 
in  his  mind  aud  stroking  his  beard,  ex- 
claimed,  **  1  have  it:  go  and  ft'tch  me 
Yaknb  the  ChristiHU  ;  he  has  been  four 
months  in  bed  sick  of  a  fever,  amd  can 
never  recover  J*  The  poor  wretch  was 
forthwith  dragged  out  of  his  bed,  strangled, 
impaled,  and  hung  up  1 

We  muat  refer  our  reuders  to  Mr. 
Barker's  book  for  the  full  ni'cnunt  of 
tlie  career  of  thia  luonster,  contenting 
ourselves  with  giving  one  more  anee- 
tlote,  in  whicb  it  will  be  seen  that 
religious  hjpocrby  wiia  added  to  hiw 
other  vice«.  He  had  entrftj>pfd  in  1801 
Mr,  John  Massejk^  the  Dutch  Conf«ul- 
Geiieral  in  Alej)po,  ivho  was  returning 
from  Conslantinople,  furnished  with  an 
imperisil  firnmn  for  the  exercise  of  his 
official  functions* 

On  the  arrival  of  the  consul  at  Bavas  be 
was  immediately  thrown  into  prison,  bound 
with  chain!),  and  stripped  of  everything 
except  the  apparel  he  wore.  The  sum 
fixed  for  the  conttirs  ransom  was  2.'i,D0t) 
piastres  of  those  days  (about  2,000/,),  but 
being  unable  to  produce  more  tliarif  T^^OO, 
Mr.  Maiiseyk  underwent  during  the  pe- 
riod of  eight  months  every  species  of  ill- 
usage.  Every  means  wos  tried  to  force 
him  to  exnhrtice  the  MfthommedAii  religioo, 


and  to  extort  from  him  the  money  required 
for  his  ransom  ;  to  which  end^  they  would 
at  one  time  eon^ne  him  in  a  damp  dun- 
geon without  lij^ht,  and  often  without  sos- 
teu&nce  h>t  twenty-four  hours.  At  aoother, 
they  would  threaten  him  with  immediate 
deuth  ;  and  once,  in  order  to  show  that 
their  metiaces  were  not  wholly  nugatory, 
two  innocent  wretches,  who  had  been  ar- 
rested under  similar  cireumstaaoes  with 
himself^  were  impaled  before  htm  for  hiiv- 
ing  delayed,  as  he  was  informed,  to  pro- 
cure the  money  for  their  ransom.  Wben 
thc^  news  spreud  abroad  that  Kutcbiik  All 
had  entrapped  a  European,  the  mouii- 
luineers  de^icended  in  crowds  to  see  how 
much  hitman) ty  the  tyrant  exhibited  ;  and 
Mr.  Mui'^'^eyk  used  to  relate  that,  being 
one  day  engaged  in  writing,  a  man,  who 
had  thrust  his  bead  through  the  bars  of 
hi:i  priftoo-wiodow,  after  contemplating  his 
person  and  occupation  for  some  time* 
exclaimed  with  reproachful  indigoatiofi, 
**  Whatl  ii  it  poaatble  the  wretch  la  so 
lost  to  all  sense  of  shame  u  to  hold  an 
fffemli  (a  clerk)  in  captivity  ?"  referriog 
evidently  to  the  welU known  rights  and 
immunities  enjoyed  by  the  learned  as  well 
in  ihtH  harharouci  region  as  in  Eurof^e. 
Although  Kutchuk  Ali  persisted  in  re- 
fusing  to  admit  his  prisoner  to  his  pre* 
sence,  he  more  than  once  sent  to  him  his 
lieutenant  with  consoling  messages  to  as- 
sure  him  of  his  sympathy,  **  Tell  bim/' 
said  he,  •*that  unfortunately  my  coffers 
were  empty  when  his  fate  brought  him 
itilo  tliis  territory ;  but  let  him  not  de- 
spair ;  God  is  great,  and  mindful  of  us. 
Such  victssttudes  of  fortune  are  inseparable 
from  the  fate  of  men  of  renown,  and  from 
the  lot  of  all  born  to  til!  high  statioao. 
Bid  him  be  of  good  cheer  :  a  »i»tilutr  doom 
bus  twice  been  mine,  and  once  during  nine 
months  i\\  the  condemned  cril  uf  Abd'ul 
Rahman  Paiiha  :  but  I  never  dt'Spaired  of 
God's  mercy,  and  all  came  ritjht  at  last. 
Alia  karim  (God  is  bountiful), **  Al 
lenRtb,  fortunately  for  this  poor  man,  the 
arrival  at  Bayas  of  a  camvan  from  Sfnymm 
proceeding  to  Aleppo,  affordrd  Kutehuk 
Ali  Uglu  an  excuse  for  extorting  his  ran- 
som from  the  travelling  merchants,  by 
obliging  them  to  advance  the  money  on 
the  bond  of  bis  prisoner,  whom  be  de- 
livered into  their  hands  as  a  «lave  sold  to 
them  for  17t500  piastres, 

Mr.  filasseyk  ultimately  repaid  the 
debt,  but  the  Buteb  republic  onljr  in 
part  made  goo<l  the  loss  he  bud  »us- 
tained  In  its  service. 

We  now  approach  the  subject  of  tbe 
leading:  portion  of  ^Ir.  Barker's  work, 
— the  Lares  and  Penates,  ii;;  an  im- 
ment»e  quantity  of  fictile  itnagea:,  dts- 


1853.] 


Lares  and  Penates. 


357 


I 


covered  bj  the  author  on  the  Bite  of 
ancieut  Tarsus,  are  designated.  Thej 
represent  gods,  goddesses,  the  inferior 
personages  and  accessories  of  tbe  an- 
cient mythology,  men,  woiiieti,  and 
various  kinds  of  animals,  executed, 
generally  speaking,  with  taste  and  skill, 
and  sometimes  exhibiting  very  superior 
design  and  workmanship.  They  are 
cliietly  if  not  entirely  fragmentary,  and 
this  fact  is  important  in  discussing  the 
(question  of  their  origin  and  destina- 
tion, and  the  reason  of  their  being 
brought  to  light  under  rather  singular 
c  ire  urns  taocea.  The  people  of  Tarsus, 
it  appears,  like  those  of  more  civilised 
placea,  use  the  cut  stones  of  the  Komau 
walls  and  edifices  for  building  pur- 
poses, and ,  ho n ting  after  these  useful 
materials,  they  had  laid  open  the 
ground  down  to  the  very  foundations 
of  the  ancient  city,  to  a  depth  of  no 
less  than  forty  feet.  Against  the  city 
wall  leaned  a  hill  formed  of  the  accu* 
mulations  of  ages  from  the  dehrh  of 
buildings  and  refuse  of  all  kinds,  such 
ta  are  ao  frequently  conglomerated  on 
the  sitefl  of  ancient  towna  and  cities. 
It  waa  in  the  centre  of  thia  hill,  or  huge 
mound,  that  Mr.  Barker  discovered 
this  extraonliuary  collection  of  terra- 
cottas, and  the  source  apf>ears  by  no 
means  exhausted,  as  since  hia  return 
to  thia  country  he  has  received  con- 
'deraltle  additions  to  his  stock.  It  is 
^  npossible  to  convey  a  complete  notion 
of  the  extent  and  variety  of  this  as- 
aemblage  of  fictile  works  even  by  the 
aid  of  numerous  cuts,  but  a  selection 
from  the  illuatrationa  of  Mr.  Barker's 
volume  will  enable  ns  to  convey  to  our 
readers  some  idea  of  the  interest  that 
is  attached  to  this  valuable  addition 
to  Cilician  archceology,  iind,  we  hope, 
induce  some  of  them  at  least  to  seek 
farther  information  from  the  book 
itself. 

The  upper  of  the  annexed  cuts  reprc- 
sentfl  a  radiated  and  youthful  bead  of 
Apollo,  ofgood  workmanship,  not  unlike 
thatofthe  AjKjlloorsun  ujMjn  the  coins  of 
Kbodes,  and  thus  it  may  very  probably 
be,  AS  Mr.  Birch  has  suggested,  a  copy 
of  the  celebrated  colossus  of  that  city. 
There  is  ako  a  coin  of  Tarsua  on  which 
is  Apollo  tteated  u^Ktn  a  mount  with  a 
lyre' in  hid  hand,  and  froni  the  number 
of  images  of  this  deity  in  tbe  collection 
it  ia  evident  the  worship  of  the  i$un 
prevailed  extensively  at  Tarsus. 


^ 


H|k>^^^ 


X 


i.^-^" 


The  subjoined  head  of  Ceres  crowned 
with  corn  is  valuable  as  a  work  of  higli 
art,  and  as  showing  the  perfection  to 
which  the  ancients  carried  their  skill 


in  fictile  manufactory,  and  the  labour 
ntid  pains  bestowed  on  the  himdjle 
clay.  Such  a  head  as  that  before  us, 
executed  in  marble  or  in  bronze,  would 
be  invested  perhaps  with  greater  in- 
terest from  the  compurutive  difficulty 
of  working  those  materials,  but  it  could 
not  aflfbrd  a  more  striking  proof  of 
the  ta*iteful  feeling  and  genius  of  the 
designer. 

Amonff  the  higher  class  of  objects 
in  this  collection  are  fragments  of  sta- 
tuettes of  Juno,  Pallas,  Diana,  Her- 
cules, Jupiter,  Atys,  and  Genii  winged. 
It  may  be  questioned  if  some  of  the 
winged  figures  represent  Apollo,  and 
the  draped  s|>ecimen  named  Mercury 
b^axs  no  attribute  to  warrant  its  be^ 


d58 


Lares  and  Penatei, 


[April, 


ing  placed  among  the  gods.  Mortals 
of  alt  kindit  abound  In  the  eollecttoiif 
ii«  well  as  deities.  The  Adonis^  also, 
if  such  it  be>  and  if  it  resemble  the 
engraving,  is  not  what  our  iuiagiDation 
painted  hini ;  but  this  may  be  matter 
of  tAste,  aji  Mr.  Barker  eonjiiders  the 
fragment  "  exhibits  the  bumau  form 
in  the  very  perfection  of  human  sym* 
metry."  Very  far  superior,  in  our  judg- 
ment, is  the  IlarpoerateSi  of  which  we 
here  introduce  an  eugraviug.     It   b 


.J, 


ooe  of  the  best -conceived  and  most 
gTAcefid  figures  i o  the  colk-c tion .  The 
peculiar  ntmbed  head-<lresij  reaeuibles 
tbut  of  the  Apollos  and  of  uiany  of  the 
youthful  winged  figures. 

It  must  not  be  considered  that  all 
of  these  figures  are  of  a  mythological 
kind.  Many  are  mere  wIiuuh  of  the 
ixittcr ;  otbera  admit  of  ctasstfication 
under  the  heads  of  natural  history, 
domestic  and  ciYil  life*    A  lion  attack- 


ing a  bull  ia  remarkable  for  spirit  and 
truthfulness.  Mr.  Barker  thus  ex- 
plains it : — 

The  tttle  which  it  tells  Is  more  htstorical 
than  mythological.  A  country,  sym  bo  Used 
by  a  bull,  ii  couquered  by  another  power 
representee)  hy  the  lion.  The  same  aym- 
hola  are  found  sculptured  at  Persepohs ; 
and  in  Couybeare  and  Howson**  Life  of 
St,  Paul,  now  publisbing,  we  have  (p.  24) 
a  coin  of  Tarsuv,  with  the  head  of  Hadrian 
on  Qite  aide,  and  on  the  reverse  is  this  very 
flyn!ibob  in  the  same  draiviDg,  as  if  it  had 
been  designed  by  the  same  artist.  The 
symbol  commemorateit  the  conquFst  by  the 
Persians  of  the  country  bounded  by  Mount 
TauruSi  and,  when  Persia  was  sob]u|pited  , 
fa;  Alexander,  he  adopted  it,  and  h  wBt<^ 
Da<ed  by  hia  suct^'essors ;  hence  we  find  itM 
on  the  coins  of  Macedonia^  though  tU«| 
drawing  is  quite  different.  After  the  Ro«f 
mans,  in  their  turn,  had  subdued  (Srtt 
and  Aiiia  Minor>  Modri^n.  having  rebuilt 
Tarsus,  issued  a  new  coinage  for  it  with 
the  old  oiytbologicat  type.  *'  I  consider 
this  fragment,"  says  Mr.  AbingdoD»  "as 
Ihc  most  choice  moriMsl  in  the  collection  ; 
its  artistic  excellence  is  equal  to  anything  j 
among  the  terra-cottas  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  it  atrnrds  the  finest  example  of 
tbc  heraldry  of  antiquity  that  can  be  con- 
ceived.'* 

FigB.  1  and  2  on  the  opposite  page  are  j 
both  nnqnestionably  Victories,  altbougb  { 
Mr.  Barker  tncFmes  to  consider  that 
witb  the  wreath  over  the  head  in  form 
of  a  bow  an  Iri^.  His  remark  on  the 
other,  of  which  there  are  numeroua 
varieties,  seems  very  reaaonable.  He 
observes, — 

There  was  a  great  bottle  fought  in  Asia 
Minor  between  Septimius  Severus  and  his 
rival  Pescenoina  Niger,  in  which  the  in- 
habitanls  of  that  province  took  great  in- 
terest If  these  figures  could  be  proved 
to  refer  to  the  triumph  of  ScvernSf  il  woald 
bring  the  lime  in  which  these  vainabha  re- 
tndiis  were  destroyed  to  the  dose  of  the 
second  century. 

Unfortunntely,  no  inseriptions  hiiv©  i 
been  discovered,  neitlier  dot-B  any  otiicr  * 
evidence  pi'esent  il«elf,  to  decide  thiit 
point. 

Our  lost  illustrations  (6gs.  3  aod  4} 
exhibit  two  femiil«  heaiU,  which  Mr. 
Bnrker  uss'igtu  to  the  time  of  Claudius,  1 
andthelitrgerofthetwotoMessaiina.  It 
is  probable,  however,  we  think,  they  may  \ 
belong  to  a  period  aa  late  as  that  from  ' 
Vetjpasian  to  Trajan.     They  ore  well 


1^ 


.36a 


Jacques  van  Arieiwhle, 


[April* 


modelletl^  and  are  among  the  be»t  of 
the  collection. 

The  first  question  which  naturally 
arises  on  surveying  this  inimetise  group 
of  fragments  of  imogeg  ii*,  What  was 
the  causae  of  their  deposit  in  tliia  pur- 
t  icu  1  ar  1  ocali  ty  ?  The  a  u  thor  ascr  i  bcH 
the  motive  to  the  influence  of  Chris- 
tianity in  rousing  the  zeal  of  ka  early 
converts  to  destroy  the  proiluctions  of 
pagan  art.  lie  udtluces  sound  argu- 
ments to  prove  that  the  figures  are  not 
the  rejected  fragments  or  the  badly - 
made  works  of  a  manufactory  ;  and  at 
the  same  time  he  considers,  and  with 
reason,  thut  they  btlong  to  a  rather 
lengthened  period  of  time.  Our  al- 
lotted space  wit!  not  admit  of  going 
deeply  into  the  iliscussion,  and  we  can 
only  briefly  say  that  we  are  more  in- 
clined to  agree  with  Mr.  Birch  in  con- 
sidering that  they  are  simply  the  Itroken 
votive  t)lTering9  which  from  time  to 
time  were  turned  out  of  the  temples 
where  they  had  been  deposited,  to  make 


room  for  others  which  were  continually 
being  presented  by  a  superstitioua 
muhitude.  The  accumulation  «if  such 
oflTcrings  in  the  temples  must  hove 
been  very  great,  and,  as  they  were  of 
no  intrinhie  value,  and  ever  liable  to 
be  fractured^  it  must  have  been  abso- 
lutely necessary  at  times  to  displace 
those  which  had  become  deJkced  or 
injured.  The  re  fuse- pit  would  also  be 
supplied  from  private  houses  in  which 
some  of  them  may  have  serred  as  Lsre* 
and  PcnateB.  This  view  of  the  caae  doei 
not  lesiien  the  intGrest  of  the  collection, 
which  in  many  jioints  of  view  i»  valu- 
able, and  all  (overs  of  ancient  art  and 
history  must  rejoice  it  has  fallen  into 
the  possession  of  one  so  competent  to 
appreciate  and  illustrate  it» 

The  volume^  it  may  be  added,  in- 
cludes a  good  account  of  the  natural 
productions  of  Cilicia,  and  notices  here 
and  there  of  monumental  antiquities; 
and  throughout  it  is  readable  and  in- 
structive. 


JACQUES  VAN  ARTEVELDE.* 

Hbtoire  de  Flandre*     Par  Kerfyn  de  LettenhoTc.     6  vols.  8vo.     London^  RoUndi, 
Hiitoire  Ofn^rale  de  la  Be%ic)ue.     Far  M.  Dewea.     6  vols.  Bvo.    LoodoD,  Rolatidi. 
Jacques  van  Artevclde.     Par  Aug.  Voisin.     8vo.    BruSLellei. 
Jakoh  van  Artevelde.     Pter  Uendrik  CoD»cicnce,     6  vols.  18 mo.     London^  Rolandi. 


THE  history  of  Holland  and  of  Bel- 
gium must  be  always  of  particular 
mterest  to  the  English  reader.  De- 
scended to  a  great  degree  from  the 
same  races,  the  citizens  of  England,  of 
Holland,  and  of  Belgium  were  united 
by  many  social  ties,  similar  national 
characteristics,  the  interests  of  com- 
merce, th  e  com  pan  ion  sh  ip  of  arms .  In 
the  rivalry  "of  trade  our  merchants 
were  ably  opposed,  and  in  war  our 
seamen  found  m  the  Dutch  sailor  a  foe- 
roan  worthy  of  his  steel.  Each  country 
was  in  times  of  political  trouble  an 
asylum  to  the  other.  In  the  conflicts 
which  established  the  Reformation 
England  sheltered  the  exile  who  had 
fled  from  the  cruelty  of  Alba,  as  Hol- 


land did  the  royal   exiles  who  wes^ 
proscribed  durinoj  the  usurpation 
CromwcIL     The  history  of  tne  ItaJij 
republics  and  that  of  the  cities  of    " 
Netherlands  during  the  middle 
may  be  in  many  respects  corap         ^ 
each  affording  a  striking  example  of  the" 
influence  of  free  institutions  in  deve- 
loping the  nobler  faculties  of  our  nature, 
even  during  periods  the  most  opposed 
to  their  cultivation. 

Even  now,  as  the  stranger  loiters 
in  the  spacious  streets  of  Antwerp, 
Bruges,  Ghent,  and  Brussels,  his  at- 
tention is  arrested  at  every  step  by 
some  monument  of  their  past  glory. 
The  belfry  towers  of  Ghent  and  Bruges, 
to  trect  which  was  one  of  the  earhest 


*  Tbe  reader  is  referrwi  to  two  papers  relative  to  Jacques  van  Artevclde  which  ap- 
peared in  tbe  GeDtlemaii^s  MagailnOi  N.S.  vol.  XXX.  pp.  153  and  24?,  ia  which  th« 
hhtorj  of  this  period  is  sucdnctly  and  clearly  narrated.  Tbe  object  of  tbe  present  arti- 
cle ia  rather  to  review  tbe  historical  value  of  the  earlier  aulboriiies  who  have  deseribed 
the  character  of  Jacqoea  van  Artevclde,  and  to  contrast  them  with  tbe  result  of  later 
research.  It  is  hoped  these  articles  will  thus  fairly  represent  the  man  and  his  ige. 
8 


1853.] 


Jacques  van  Artevelde. 


361 


I 


I 


privileges  conceded  to  the  burghers 
hy  tbeir  feudal  lords,  still  cliiaie  out 
the  hours  aa  of  aforetime.  It  was 
from  these  the  citizens  were  called  to 
arms ;  and  before  their  pf>rlaly  Ed- 
wnrd  I.  Edward  HE  aiiiJ  Edward  lY. 
Louis  VI.  and  Louis  IX.  Philippe  le 
Bel  and  Louis  XL  ALirguurite  of  An  jo  u 
and  Jacnueline  de  Bavicre — the  former 
powerftj  ^and  feared,  the  latter  sup- 
pliants ^pd^  exiles — have  pnaaed  in  the 
pride  and  pomp  of  conquest  and  of  the 
jmjema  cfdrce^  or  claiming  that  protec- 
tion from  the  good  citizens  which  for- 
tune and  the  fjolitical  success  of  their 
rivals  had  denied. 

How  great  is  now  the  crmtrost  I  We 
find  it  difficult  to  believe  that  in  the 
fourteenth  century  the  commerce  of  the 
world  was  centred  in  Bruges.  The 
factories  of  seventeen  privileged  com- 
panies were  then  settled  there  as  agents. 
Twenty  foreign  ministers  had  hotels 
within  its  walla-  Its  streetsi  were 
peopled  with  as  motley  a  multitude  as 
may  now  be  seen  in  Vienna  at  fairtime ; 
it  was  the  titaple  place  of  the  Eng- 
lish wool- trade,  and  of  the  cities  of  the 
Ilanseatic  leaguo.  It  has  been  com- 
puted that  in  the  fourteenth  century 
Ghent  contained  80jOCH}  men  capable  of 
bearing  arms.  The  numlHir  of  weavers 
alone  was  40,000,  In  its  prosperity 
Louvaine  gave  employment  in  cloth- 
weaving  to  150,000  men.  When  the 
(jueen  of  Philippe  le  Bel  entered  Bruges 
in  1301  she  was  astonished  at  the  wealth 
displayed  by  the  daughters  of  the 
burghers.  It  was  for  these  burghers 
those  spacious  halls  were  erected  whose 
bold  proportions  and  richly-decorated 
interiors,  stained  glass  and  storied  arras, 
recal  so  many  a  stirring  historic  scene. 
It  was  the  active  reli^ous  spirit  of 
these  burghers,  transmitted  from  sire 
to  son  for  generations^  that  erected 
those  noble  examples  also  of  church 
architecture  which  Belgium  still  pos- 


Thlfl  was  remarkable  in  the  thir- 
teenth century.  As  the  cities  obtained 
communal  rights  the  Beffroi  arose;  tlie 
symbol  of  these  concessions,  the  tocsin 
of  revolt,  the  peal  of  popular  rejoicing, 
or  the  bell  of  the  ban  or  the  curfew. 
Often  destroyed  by  the  feudal  lord,  it 
was  constantly  re-erected  in  greater 
splendour.  When  public  rights  were 
cstablishetl,  when  the  city  had  a  char- 
ter, a  militia,  a  jurisdiction,  and  a  ma- 

Ubnt.  Mao,  Vol.  XXXIX, 


?iBtracy  elected  by  the  citizens^  the 
lotel  dc  Yille  and  the  houses  of  the 
great  commercial  gilds  arose.  These 
stood  out  from  the  general  mass  of  the 
houses  occupied  by  the  citizens,  even 
as  we  still  see  some  noble  remain  of 
Greek  and  Roman  architecture  soar 
above  the  ruins  and  the  huts  of  w  l»ter 
age,  t!ie  abodes  of  the  poorer  inhabit- 
ants of  Athens  or  of  Home.  The  gene- 
ral aspect  of  the  city  was  that  of  irre- 
gular masses  of  narrow  openings,  un- 
lighted  anil  im paved,  the  houses  of 
mud  and  clay  m  timber  framework, 
thatched  with  reeds,  straw,  or  roofed 
with  wodlen  shingles. 

Such  was  the  condition  of  the  prin- 
cipal cities  of  Belgium  when  Juctiues 
van  Artevelde,  the  type  of  the  leauiiij^ 
burghers  of  Ghent  in  the  fburtecnth 
century,  appeared.  But  the  character 
of  Charles  or  Cromwell  presents  n^ 
more  extraordinary  contrast,  when 
sketched  by  the  pens  of  Carlyle  or 
Southey,than  that  of  Artevelde  as  de- 
scribed by  earlier  and  later  writers. 
Few  historians  arc  superior  to  the  in- 
fluence of  their  own  age ;  and  one 
writer  dilfers  Irom  another  in  inipur- 
tiality,  not  so  much  from  liigher  moral 
faculties,  but  as  the  mind  has  become 
educated  and  liberalised  by  the  im- 
proved condition  of  general  knowledge 
fmd  the  freer  tone  of  public  feeling. 

It  might  be  hoped  that  contemporary 
authorities,  if  not  impartial,  would  be 
at  least  exact ;  but  the  stream  muddy 
at  the  mouth  is  often  perturbed  at  the 
spring,  and  tlows  still  more  darkly  from 
the  turbid  tributaries  to  its  course. 
This  may  be  particularly  remarked 
in  mediEGval  chroniclers.  Amid  die 
mirage  of  strong  passions,  the  colli- 
sion of  great  events  and  imperfect  in- 
formation, with  no  sound  means  for  its 
correction,  and  but  few  for  its  trans- 
mission, false  lights  are  sure  to  arise. 
It  is  not  until  the  mist  hiis  cleared 
away,  when  documents  have  been  col- 
lected and  examined,  and  authorities 
contrasted,  that  the  hero  of  the  a^e 
or  of  the  day  appears  as  he  did  to  his 
contemporaries— to  us  as  a  monument 
of  the  poijt,  restored  from  the  stains 
and  injuries  of  time*  As  an  illustrii- 
tion  of  this,  we  propose  to  examine  the 
earlier  Inatorians  who  have  written  of 
Jacques  von  Artevelde,  and  to  com- 
pare their  portrait  with  that  of  later 
FleiuisU  writers.  For  the  most  part, 
3  A 


362 


Jacques  van  Arteveide, 


[April, 


they  have  copied  Froissart.  Now, 
apart  from  the  variations  in  the  text 
even  of  the  best  MSS.,  M.  Buchon 
has  shown  that  Froissart  has  lefl  two 
sketches  of  the  character  of  Jacques 
van  Artevelde,  and  that  important  al- 
terations have  been  made  in  his  later. 
He  considers  the  MS.  of  Valenciennes 
to  represent  the  first  text,  and  this  to 
contain  the  narrative  as  presented  to 
Queen*  Fhilippa  in  1361.  In  this  re- 
cital Froissart  evinces  a  spirit  far  more 
Flemish,  and  much  less  chivalrous,  than 
in  his  revision  of  a  later  date.  M. 
Buchon  was  struck  with  its  resem- 
blance to  the  ancient  chronicles  of 
Flanders,  which  Froissart  had  doubt- 
less taken  as  his  guide.  The  cause  of 
the  alliance  between  the  towns  of 
Flanders  and  England  is  here  clearly 
explained,  not  as  founded  on  party 
feeling,  but  on  public  interest.  Frois- 
sart does  not  at  this  time  disdain  all 
sympathy  with  the  Flemings  to  extend 
it  solely  to  the  nobles,  for  he  was  then 
impressed  by  the  associations  of  his 
early  life,  ere  his  mind  was  dazzled  and 
had  become  estranged  from  his  fellow- 
citizens  bv  the  pomp  and  flattery  of 
courts.  Under  t)iis  later  influence,  the 
narrative  was  modified,  and  the  cause 
of  the  alliance  of  the  Flemish  with  the 
English — the  supply  of  wool  for  their 
manufactures,  the  withholding  of  which 
by  order  of  Edward  III.  had  reduced 
them  to  starvation — is  suppressed;  and 
thus  Froissart  sacrificed  truth  to  the 
desire  of  pleasing  his  noble  friends.  In 
his  first  narrative  he  writes  without 
bitterness  or  exaggeration  ;  there  is  no 
personal  or  party,  but  rather  a  patriotic 
feeling ;  a  citizen  of  the  communalit^, 
he  sympathises  with  its  glory.  But  in 
the  revision  of  his  text  another  spirit 
appears ;  he  does  not  pervert  facts,  but 
he  colours  them ;  the  lineaments  of  the 
portrait  are  more  harshly  drawn ;  and 
we  have  Artevelde  as  the  fiery  and  cruel 
tribune,  instead  of  the  patriotic  burgher, 
and  "le  moult  saige  homme."*  For 
this  change  many  causes  may  be  as- 
signed. Our  faculties  and  our  aifec- 
tions  are  formed  by  education,  influ- 
enced by  daily  habits,  and  controlled 
by  causes  external  to  the  will.  Of  the 
two  former  conditions  of  moral  agency 


Froissart*s  character  is  a  proof, 
had  no  sympathy  with  the  bu 
Trade  and  commerce,  as  comp 
knights  and  feats  of  arms,  to  him  were 
despicable.  It  is  this  intensity  offer- 
ing that  has  imparted  so  much  of  dra- 
matic action  to  his  scenes.  His  nar- 
rative stirs  the  heart  as  the  sound  of 
a  trumpet.  We  hear  the  cry  of  the 
brave  Imights,  the  heavy  tramp  of  tlie 
charge;  we  feel  almost  the  shock  of 
the  onset,  and  mark  the  waving  sea  of 
steel ;  so  much  does  the  liT^iness  of 
the  narration  hurry  us  along  into  the 
whirlwind  of  the  battle.  In  tnith,  no 
man  was  ever  less  a  curate  than  the 
curate  of  Lestines.  ^In  my  youth,'* 
says  he,  **I  loved  to  see  dances  and 
carolling ;  well  to  hear  minstrelsy  and 
tales  of  glee ;  well  to  attach  myself  to 
those  who  loved  hounds  and  hawks."— 
**  My  ears  quickened  at  the  sound  of 
uncorking  the  wine-flask,  for  I  took 
great  pleasure  in  drinkinff,  and  in  fiur 
array,  and  in  delicate  ana  fresh  cates.** 
He  confesses  that  at  Lie«;e  the  vint- 
ners had  five  hundred  mmcs  of  his 
money  in  a  very  short  time.  The  pur-  - 
suits  of  the  great  but  serious  bui^ers 
but  ill  accorded  with  these  inclhiations. 
He  had  even  less  sympathy  with  the 
bourgeoisie  as  compared  with  the  lowest 
in  the  rank  of  knighthood.  His  mind 
is  always  guided  by^  that  spirit  oi 
chivalry  he  had  imbibed  during  his 
residence  at  court  and  castle.  His  his- 
tory was  undertaken  to  record  the  gal- 
lant deeds  of  arms  he  loved,  ana  to 
stigmatise  the  craven  and  false-hearted. 
His  authorities  were  the  brave  knights, 
and  their  companions  inarm8,**ecuyen 
qui  avoient  6t6  en  faits  d*armes,  et  qui 
proprement  en  savoient  parler  et  aussi 
a  aucuns  herauts  de  credence  pour 
verifier  et  justifier  toutes  mati^res.** 

It  is  this  very  method  of  obtaining 
information  that  has  imparted  so  much 
dramatic  action  to  his  scenes,  so  much 
personal  significance  to  his  characters, 
ban  we  wonder  if  the  burgher  and  the 
knight  are  not  portrayed  with  equal 
fidelity,  when  the  sources  of  informa- 
tion are  entirely  ex-parte,  and  the  par- 
tiality for  the  chivalrous  orders  so  ho- 
nourably avowed.  Contrast  Froissart*s 
account  of  the  murders  committed  by 


*  See  for  this  statement  Buchon,  Cbroniques  de  Froissart,  Edition  Panth^n  Lit^- 
raire,  tome  iii.  pp.  396,  398,  410,  453,  458,  and  Examen  Critique  des  Historiens  de 
Jacques  van  Artevelde,  par  Aug.  VoisiD,  pp.  19 — 29. 


1853.] 


Jnc^u$s  van  Arimefde* 


363 


\ 


\ 


I 


ArtevelJe  in  the  atreets  of  Ghent,  and 
hia  account  of  the  death  of  Gaston  dc 
Foix  by  his  father's  hand.  There  is  no 
Bi^i  of  haste  or  of  indilTerenee ;  nofchuii^ 
js  writ  in  hnte,  but  all  in  honour ;  but 
how  readily  he  admits  the  gtiilt  of  the 
burghers,  with  what  reluctanee  he  al- 
lows Gfiston  was  miir<]ered ! 

In  fact  he  saw  the  world,  he  judged 
human  nature,  but  from  fme  maot  of 
view^  and  beyoml  that  to  him  cnnrmed 
circle  there  was  neither  worth,  nor 
fame,  nor  honour.  Between  knight  and 
knight,  the  courts  of  England  and  of 
Frftuce,  his  testimony  was  incorrtipttble. 
**  If  Froissart  was  patronised  by  Queen 
Philippa,  he  was  aL^o  a  member  of  the 
household  of  King  John  of  France;  if 
he  was  the  familiar  friend  of  Percy,  he 
had  been  the  gue^t  of  Douglas;  if  he 
admired  the  Black  Prince,  he  admire<l 
equally  Bertrand  du  Guesclin ;  and  if 
a  distinction  can  be  made,  his  natural 
generosity  Beems  rather  to  have  in- 
cUned  towards  the  side  of  the  French 
chivalry,  who,  by  indivitlual  valour, 
and  the  most  generous  self-devotion, 
8lruo|gled  to  support  in  an  overwhelm- 
ing tempest  the  throne  of  the  monarcha 
and  the  mdependence  of  their  country/' 
But  with  civic  privileges,  charters,  or 
commerce,  he  had  little  symntithy.  lie 
was  of  the  party  of  the  nobles,  «lriven 
from  theircai*ilcs,  and  imprisoned  in  the 
cities,  by  the  rude  burghers  who  had  dia- 
J>08sessed  their  count  of  his  inheritance, 
and  raised  a  powerful  confedemtion  of 
free  states.  He  was  afraid  lest  the  rude 
insolence  of  the  commons  should  crush 
the  refined  pride  of  the  noble,  and 
lowered  his  narration  to  the  stand iird 
of  au  excusable  partiality.  Policy  alone 
could  have  recommended  Artevelde  to 
him ;  but  friendship  and  favour  founded 
upon  policy  are  the  privilegetl  attri- 
butes of  ministers  and  kings.  It  must 
be  remembered  olso  that,  although  the 
charm  of  his  narrative  depends  often 
upon  hia  personal  discourse  with  the 
actors  in  his  scenes,  he  must  at  times 
have  been  indebted  to  very  untrust* 
worthy  informants. 

The  next  historian  is  Jacques  Meyer, 
called  the  **  Father  of  Flemish  liis- 
tory/*  Meyer^s  life  was  devoted  to 
this  end.  After  long  researches  he 
sold  bis  patrimony,  and  visitetlt  staff  iti 
hand,  every  monastery  in  which  MS8. 
were  to  be  found.  When  his  means 
were  exhausted  he  gave  lecturesi  and, 


enriched  by  theh'  proceeds,  renewed 
his  travels.  But  his  history  is  not 
the  record  of  his  opinions.  The  first 
edition,  1538,  is  published  with  the 
consent  *tf  Charles  V.  provided  "  que 
le  dit  suppliant  en  faisant  faire  la  dtte 
impression  ensttivra  Un  o>rrcctions  et 
rhang-emenls  faitz  au  dit  livre  par  les 
dits  de  notre  Co!fHEn.  de  Flandre  et 
qu'il  y  obmcttra  CinserHon  des privil^gCM 
aauame.t  mlle^  et  commmmnUes  prtrticu- 
Iwfes  dont  audit  volume  est  fait  men- 
tion, a  paine  de  perdre  rclTectde  cestes." 
Charles  V.  anxious  to  crush  the  liberty 
of  Fhmders,  was  naturally  desirous  to 
suppress  all  notice  of  the  eharter^j  of 
its  uities,  to  lower  the  popular  estimate 
of  their  n^reat  men,  and  from  the  minds 
of  hig  gunjects  to 

wtpe  nwiiy  aU  trivial  fond  rwordB, 

All  laurs  of  bookj,  all  fonxti^,  nil  fircssarefl  past— 

which  still  linger  in  the  heart  of  the 
citizen  when  the  sense  of  freedom  is 
not  utfcrly  extinct.  It  m  not  from  a 
book  printed  under  such  auspices  we 
can  boi>e  for  a  fair  estimate  of  Arte- 
velde.  Meyer  was  singularly  unfor* 
tunate.  He  underwent  the  operation 
of  repeated  editorial  excisions  until 
the  reigo  of  PhiliJ>  IL  when  the  censor, 
J.  Hentenius,  finally  dismisied  him 
with  bis  approbation. 

Outlcgbcrst,  in  hia  Ann  ales  de  Flan- 
dre, 2  vols,  8vo.  1T81>,  has  severely 
censured  the  policy  and  the  character 
of  the  ruwaert  of  Ghent,  whom  he 
describes  as  "  nn  faict  et  nay  a  toutes 
seditions."  But  it  can  be  shewn  that 
Oudegherst  sought  the  liwourg  of  the 
court  of  Philip  II. ;  that  he  wrote  in 
1571  when  the  Netherlands  had  risen 
against  Alba,  and  the  capture  of  Brielle 
had  made  it  for  ever  revered  as  the 
birth-place  of  that  republic  which, 
during  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries,  exercised  so  powerful  an 
influence  in  the  politieal  all  airs  of 
Europe. 

Dgd  oeraten  duch  von  April 
VerlooB  due  d'Alva  iynen — Brtl 

was  long  the  popular  jeu  de  mots  of 
the  citizens  of  Brussels.  Oudegherst 
was  protected  moreover  by  a  Spanish 
minister,  Fttbio  Masqui  d'Urbino,  and, 
although  M,  Voisio  descrilies  him  as 
a  man  devoted  to  liis  country,  and 
jenlous  of  all  its  glories,  he  yet  admits 
that  his  judgment  as  regards  politics 
was  governea  by  his  offici&l  pOBitioii^ 


364 


Jacques  van  Artevelde* 


[April, 


which  had  no  doubt  its  Spanish  asso- 
ciations. 

Philippe  do  TEspinoy,  Vicomte  de 
Tcrouanno,  and  Seigneur  de  la  Cap- 
pellCfin  his  Recherche  desAntiquitez  et 
Noblesse  de  Flandres,  appears  to  have 
been  the  first  who,  by  consulting  ori- 
ginal documents,  was  able  to  form  a 
critical  estimate  of  Jacques  van  Arte- 
velde.  That  he  did  this  under  the  go- 
vernment, and  even  under  the  auspices, 
of  the  royal  family  of  Spain,  reflects 
honour  upon  both.  But  it  is  to  later 
writers,  to  M.M.  Cornelissen,  Dicricx, 
Voisin,  Nothomb,  Colin  de  Plancy, 
Jules  van  Praet,  and  the  later  histo- 
rians of  Flanders,  such  as  Lettenhove 
and  Dewez,  that  we  must  have  recourse 
in  any  attempt  to  trace  with  impar- 
tiality the  history  of  the  man  and  of 
his  age.  By  the  aid  of  their  researches, 
guided  by  the  comparative  results  of 
their  judgment  upon  him,  this  attempt 
is  now  made. 

Fleanderland  desij^nated  oriffinally 


the  land  of  the  fugitive  or  the  banished. 
From  the  Chronicon  Comitum  Flan- 
dria?,  printed  in  Martenc,  and  Du- 
rand's  Thesaurus  Novus  Anecdotoruni, 
tome  iii.  p.  371),  reprinted  in  1781,  with 
notes  and  a  continuation  by  the  Abbe 
Jean  Noel  Paquot,  we  learn  that  Lide- 
rik  of  llarlebeke,  finding  it  woody, 
uncultivated,  and  uninhabited,  took 
l)Ossession  of  the  domain.  Liderik,  it 
is  said,  was  appointed  Forester  or  Mark- 
graf  of  the  district  in  792  by  Charle- 
niiigne.  The  local  iniluence  of  the 
llorizog  or  Graf  was  much  less  under 
Charlemagne  than  under  his  descend- 
ants. Charlemagne  applied  the  force 
of  his  powerful  mind  to  establish 
unity  and  uniformity  in  the  govern- 
uient  of  his  empire.  From  him  all 
proceeded,  to  him  all  returned;  the 
groat  officers  of  the  state  were  but  the 
machinery  of  his  will.  He  disputed 
the  right  of  succession,  he  refused  that 
of  sub-infeudation.  lie  allied  the  spi- 
ritual with  the  temporal  chief  that  one 
should  check  the  other,  and  over  these 
the  Missi  were  appointed  to  watch  the 
execution  of  their  trust.  With  Charle- 
magne the  system  fell;  the  common 
feelings  of  mankind  revolted  against 
it,  and  liis  descendants  were  imcqual 
Xa)  its  sunport.  The  power  of  the  great 
leudal  lords  was  gradually  re-esta- 
blished ;  and  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
^he  Bald,  a.i>.  862,  under  Baldwin  of 


the  Iron  Arm,  the  county  of  Flanders 
was  acknowledged  as  an  hcrcditarj 
fief. 

The  counts  of  Flanders  were  distia- 
guished  by  their  hereditary  bravery ; 
they  enlarged  their  estates,  allied  them- 
selves with  noble  and  regal  houses, 
were  distinguished  in  the  crusades,  and 
in  the  chivalrous  party  warfare  of  their 
age.  For  the  rest,  tiey  were  not  su- 
perior to  their  contemporaries.  The 
debauch  succeeded  the  foray  or  the 
chase.  Their  castle  was  the  refuge  of 
every  dissolute  adherent,  the  fastness 
into  which  their  retainers  could  retreat, 
from  whence  they  issued  for  the  con* 
quest  of  the  territory  of  another  chief, 
or  the  plunder  of  some  revolted  city. 
As  their  jwwer  became  consolidated, 
that  also  of  the  cities  arose.  The  in- 
habitants of  Flanders,  whether  dwelling 
on  the  coast  or  in  the  inland  districts, 
were  equally  distinguished  for  bravery, 
their  intelligent  and  persevering  in- 
dustry, a  love  of  freedom,  and  an  un- 
conquerable spirit  in  its  defence.  The 
battle  of  Courtrai,  fought  in  1300, 
was  won  by  the  valour  of  twenty-five 
thousand  artisans  hastily  summoned  to 
the  array,  all  footmen,  and  badly  armed. 
It  was  natural  that  such  men  should 
seek  to  control  a  nobility  whom  they 
hated  for  their  exactions,  despised  from 
their  poverty,  and  whose  pursuits  and 

Eleasures  alike  to  them  were  barbarous. 
ty  the  thirteenth  century  they  had 
gradually  acquired  the  right  to  wall 
their  cities,  to  establish  local  self-go- 
vernment, and  to  raise  a  powerful  mi- 
litia ;  they  had  a  recognised  law  of  tax- 
ation, and  shewed  charters  of  succes- 
sive counts  conferring  important  privi- 
leges. Between  two  sucn  powers  war 
was  constant,  and  the  history  of  Flan- 
ders, as  regards  the  feudal  chief  and 
the  cities,  is  a  narrative  of  the  alter- 
nate successes  of  power  and  of  rebellion. 
One  marked  feature,  however,  sepa- 
rates these  cities  from  the  Italian  re- 
publics— their  constant  unwillingness 
to  withdraw  from  the  allegiance  due 
to  their  lord.  Apart  from  the  ambition 
and  interest  of  the  feudal  chief  and  the 
states  of  Flanders,  the  most  constant 
cause  of  political  strife  was  the  aggres- 
sive policy  of  the  kings  of  Irance. 
They  feared  the  extension  of  the  power 
of  their  great  vassal,  the  Count  of 
Flanders.  They  dreaded  the  inde- 
pendance  of  the  states  whose  citixeos 


185a] 


Jacques  van  Arievelde* 


365 


I 


I 


I 


they  tiespised.  Tlie  cities  were  an 
liinJrfince  to  tbe  false,  seliitib,  com- 
nieicial  systtim  of  the  Frencti  court ; 
and  the  alliance  of  the  Flemings  with 
England,  whilst  it  stTengtheoed  their 
prosperity,  was  a  very  natural  cause 
of  jealous  fear,  England  supplied 
the  wool  which  niEiintamed  Louvain^ 
Yprcs,  Bruges,  and  Ghent;  and  for  tliis 
the  sea-ports  were  friendly  harbours 
to  English  vessels,  and  the  cities 
of  Flandei's  were  as  citadels  of  the 
English  king.  Flanders  at  this  period 
Wfts  divided  into  three  territoriea— 
"Flanders  Souba  la  Couronno,"  a  lief 
of  the  King  of  France  ;  '*  Sonbs  TEiu- 
pire,"  held  of  the  Enii>cror  of  Ger- 
many ;  and  "  La  Flandre  Albdiale," 
the  territory  held  dlrectlv  of  the  Counts 
of  Flanders.  Now,  as  liege  lord,  the 
kings  of  Frajice  could  actively  inter- 
fere in  tbe  aflUirs  of  the  province — at 
one  time  at  war  with  the  cities  upon 
the  appeal  of  their  lord,  then,  availing 
theuiaelves  of  bis  mis-«overnnient,  in- 
stigating them  to  revolt,  A  powerful 
body  of  nobles,  for  the  most  part  hire- 
lings of  the  French  courts  bating  the 
free  spirit  of  the  burghers,  men  whose 
existence  depended  upon  war,  spend- 
tlirifts  and  luxurious,  known  as  the  Le- 
liacrtfi,  were  the  ready  agents  of  tbe 
monarch.  Bucb  was  the  position  of 
the  great  parties  towards  eacK  other 
upon  tbe  accession  of  Louis  de  Nevers, 
known  as  Louis  de  Crecy,when  be  in- 
herited tbe  lief  upon  the  death  of  bis 
grandfather!  Robert  de  Bethune,  in 
1320.  On  the  29tb  May,  1328,  after 
an  interval  of  eight  years,  during  which 
the  count  bad  been  at  war  with  the 
citizens  of  Bruges,  had  seen  his  uncle 
confined  In  the  public  prison,  the 
estates  of  tbe  nobles  devastated  and 
their  caatlea  burned,  and  the  array  of 
the  cities  of  Ghent,  Ypres,  and  Bruges 
defeated  with  great  loss  at  Rekel,  Phi- 
lippe de  Valoia  was  crowned  at  Uheims, 
On  that  occasion  Louis  wag  suuiinoned 
to  do  homage*  Thrice  the  beraida  at 
arms  cried  aloud}  **  Comtc  de  Flandre, 
irt  vuus  etes  ceans  venez  faire  votre 
devoir/'  Tlie  count  stood  silent  amid 
the  crowd  of  peers.  At  last,  at  the 
command  of  tbe  king,  he  replied, 
*^  Monseigncur,  si  je  ne  me  suis  point 
avance,  veuillez  ne  pas  en  etre  surpris, 
ear  \\>i\  a  apjiele  k  Camie  de  Fiimdre 
et  non  point  Louis  de  Nevera."  What, 
exclaimed  tbe  king,  are  you  not  tbe 


Count  of  Flanders  ?  "  Sire,"  he  replied, 
**  II  est  vrai  que  j'en  porte  le  nom,  mais 
je  n*en  possede  point  Tautorito.  Lcs 
bourgeoia  do  Bruges,  d*  Ypres,  de  Po- 
peringhe,  et  de  Cassel  m*ont  c basse  de 
ma  terre,  ct  11  n'y  a  guerre  que  la  vdle 
de  Gand  ou  Tose  me  montrer."  "Beau 
cousin,"  exclaimed  Philip,  and  bis  eye 
glanced  around  with  haughty  scorn, 
"lions  vous  jurons  par  rhuile  sainte 
(jui  a  coul6  aujourdliui  sur  notre  front 
que  nous  ne  rentrerong  point  a  Paris 
avaiit  de  voua  avoir  retabli  dans  la 
paisiblo  possession  du  Comtc  de  Flan- 
dre." He  kept  liif;  word,  took  at  St. 
Denis  the  "  oriliamme  ile  vermeil  samit 
a  guise  de  gonfanon  a  trois  queues 
omee  de  bouppes  de  sole  verte*"  and 
won  the  doubtful  victory  of  Cassel, 
suflfering  a  surprise  and  nearly  escaping 
death  at  the  hands  of  Zannequin,  who 
himself  perished,  Flanders  submitted 
to  Louis  de  Nevers,  tbe  king  laid  the 
oriflamme  on  the  altar  of  St.  Denis, 
and  on  horseback,  armed  as  on  the 
field  of  Cassel^  entered  the  cathedral 
of  Notre  Dame  at  Paris,  "  et  tres  de- 
votement  la  mcrcia,  et  lui  presenta  k 
dit  cheral  ou  11  estoit  monte  et  toutes 
sea  armoircs."  It  is  unnecessary  to 
detail  the  oppression  which  ensued. 
Louis  de  Nevers  was  cruel,  revengeful, 
luxurious,  and  debauched.  Bad  coun- 
cillors were  at  hand  to  stimulate  his 
passions.  The  cities  were  taxed,  the 
citizens  put  to  death  on  specious  pre- 
texts, and  their  houses  confiscated  for 
his  followers'  use.  A  new  competitor 
now  entered  the  lists— Edward  TIL  of 
England — as  claimant  of  the  French 
crown.  Louis  de  Nevers,  obeying 
the  behests  of  Philip,  seiised  all  the 
English  ships  and  merchandise  in  Flan- 
dei's,  Edward  instantly  retaliated, 
and  by  his  proclamation,  5  October, 
1336,  ordered  that  all  the  Flemish 
merchants  should  be  arrested,  and  for- 
bade tbe  importation  of  wool.  It  was 
the  ruin  of  Flanders.  Trade  ceased, 
the  shipping  Uoated  useless  in  the  ports, 
the  great  manufactories  were  closed, 
the  streets  once  thronged  by  an  in- 
dustrious population  were  now  iilled 
with  bands  of  men  excited  at  once  by 
oppression,  cruelty,  and  starvation. 

At  this  moment  Jacques  von  Artc- 
velde  entered  ufK>n  his  career.  He 
was  born  about  1285,  tbe  son  of  Jean 
d'Artevelde,  echevin  of  Ghent  in  1319, 
1321,  1325,  1328,  in  which  last  year 


mm^M 


366 


Jacques  van  Artevelde. 


[April, 


he  died.  His  mother  was  Li  vine  De- 
groote,  sister  of  Marie  Deffroote,  wife 
of  Josse  d' Halle wyn,  a  chevalier  of 
noble  birth,  the  aunt  of  Henry  De- 
groote,  less  illustrious  as  secretary  to 
the  Duke  of  Burgundy  than  as  grand- 
father of  Hugo  Grotius.  In  1300  he  ac- 
companied his  uncle  Gtiuthicr  d*Arte- 
velde,  in  the  service  of  Robert  de 
Bethune,  to  Paris,  and  subsequentlv 
went  in  the  suite  of  Charles  de  Valois 
to  Rome.  For  the  next  twenty  years 
our  information  relative  to  his  per- 
sonal history  is  uncertain.  Some  as- 
sert he  settled  at  Ghent,  and  married 
"  une  Brasseresse  de  miel ;"  others, 
that  he  was  really  a  brewer.  Now,  he 
was  a  brewer  just  as  Sir  Robert  Peel 
and  Lord  Eld  on  were  master- tailors.  It 
was  the  custom  of  the  noblest  citizens 
to  enroll  their  names  in  the  most  in- 
fluential guilds.  At  Florence,  to  do 
this  was  a  proof  of  good  citizenship.  It 
was  hardly  less  so  at  Ghent.  In  the 
former  it  was  imperative :  in  the  latter, 
prudential.  His  second  wife  was  Ca- 
therine de  Tronchiennes,  daughter  of 
Sohier  de  Courtrai,  a  house  allied  to 
the  Duke  of  Brabant  and  the  Count  of 
Flanders.  In  1337,  at  the  request  of 
his  fellow-citizens,  he  entered  upon 
the  direction  of  public  affairs.  He  was 
named  governor  of  the  city,  with  a 

fiard  of  twenty  men,  and  on  the  Ist 
ebruary,  1338,  Jacques  Masch  and 
Jean  Wdlade  signed  at  Louvain  with 
the  Comte  de  Gueldre,  the  ambassa- 
dor of  Edward,  a  convention  of  trade. 
The  plague  of  starvation  ceased 
throughout  the  land,  commerce  was 
restored,  Edward  the  Third  encou- 
raged the  importation  of  wool,  the 
ports  were  crowded  with  vessels  un- 
loading in  the  spacious  quays,  and  the 
great  manufactories  were  opened  to 
the  hitherto  famished  people.  Louis 
de  Nevers  tried  to  procure  nis  assassi- 
nation ;  it  only  served  to  confirm  the 
zeal  of  the  cities  in  his  favour ;  but, 
masking  for  a  time  his  design,  the 
Count  took  the  castle  of  Rupeimonde 
and  beheaded  the  aged  Soheir  de  Cour- 
trai. Artevelde  now  sought  to  re- 
organise the  internal  administration  of 
the  cities,  so  as  to  concentre  their 
power,  and  establish  unity  of  action, 
and  to  create  by  the  confederacy  of 
the  states,  and  the  alliance  of  a  power- 
ful ally,  a  i)olitical  status  sufficient  to 
control  the  designs  of  the  King  of 


France.  He  obliged  Louis  de  Neven 
to  accept  ^  treaty  of  peace  and  union 
between  Bruges,  Tpres,  and  Ghent, 
signe<l  on  the  29th  of  April,  1338. 

To  encourage  commerce  he  com- 
menced the  construction  of  a  canal 
from  Ghent  to  Damme,  then  a  port 
much  frequented.  He  won  the  con- 
fidence of  the  merchants,  and  of  th€ 
clergy,  by  judicious  measures  for  the 
preservation  of  the  public  p^we,  and 
the  protection  of  property.  Uis  agents 
in  the  different  cities  were  directed  to 
promote  measures  to  effect  unity  €i 
action  between  the  great  cities,  fbr 
which  end  a  council  of  the  leadins 
men  of  each  was  formed.  Boccessfm 
in  this  respect^  he  now  bent  the  whc^ 
force  of  his  mind  to  destroy  the  in- 
fluence of  the  Rinff  of  France,  and  to 
weaken  if  not  annihilate  the  power  of 
Louis  de  Nevers.  Whether  at  thia 
time  he  sought  the  seizure  of  his  fief 
is  doubtful ;  but,  if  it  be  considered 
that  his  wife's  father  had  been  cruelly 
beheaded  by  the  Count,  there  was  at 
least  sufficient  motive.  Pursuant,  how- 
ever, to  his  advice,  Edward  III.  with 
sweet,  reluctant^  amorous  dday,  on 
the  23rd  January,  1339,  quartered 
the  arms  of  France  in  his  shield,  and 
obtained  from  the  Emperor  of  G(er^ 
many  the  title  of  Vicar  of  the  Empire. 
This  legalised  his  claims  to  thePle- 
mings,  and  Artevelde  now  drew  up 
a  treaty  in  conjunction  with  Ed^ 
ward  III.,  the  Duke  of  firabant,  and 
the  cities  of  Louvain,  Ghent,  TpreSi 
Courtrai,  with  many  others,  whidl 
effectually  destroyed  the  influence  of 
France,  and  formed  the  basis  of  their 
designs.  It  was  signed  in  1339,  is  a 
federation  for  mutual  defence,  and  the 
protection  of  commercial  interests.  By 
Its  articles  a  powerful  military  fbroe 
was  raised,  and  the  levies  of  the  cities 
were  arrayed  in  divisions  under  ap- 
pointed captains. 

But  now  was  to  be  shown  how  un- 
certain is  the  influence  of  iileffitimate 
authority,  and  of  power  not  held  by  pre- 
scription, but  the  accidentd  gain  of 
genius,  the  gifl  of  popular  feeling  com- 
bined with  propitious  event.  The  Lili- 
aerts  were  an  active  party,  hoverine,  Uke 
obscene  birds,  to  watch  the  faU  oftheiv 
prey.  They  obstructed  the  designs  of 
Artevelde  by  every  agency  they  could 
employ,  every  calumny  they  could  de- 
vise.   Grerard  Denys  was  at  the  head 


1833,] 


Jactfue^  pan  Arieveldg. 


067 


» 


of  hla  oi>pcynent9  in  the  guilds.  A  fierce 
disaetisioti  provAiied  unhappily  at  this 
time  between  tbe  trades  aljcmt  the  price 
of  wages,  and  some  unfair,  exclusive 
privileges  sought  by  the  leaibug  citiej^T 
to  secure  a  monopoly  in  the  maoutac' 
tare  of  cloth.  This  Artevelde  sought 
to  jippease.  In  vain :  the  fullers  under 
their  dean  Jeao  Baka,  aud  the  weavers 
under  Gerard  Denys,  met  on  Monday, 
May  2,  1345,  oo  tbo  Mai^he  au  Ven- 
dre<li,and  more  than  1,500  of  the  fullers, 
with  their  leader  aiKl  his  sons,  were 
slain-  The  party  of  Louis  tie  Nevers 
gained  stren^h,  and  was  increuj^ed  by 
the  defeated  fullers.  Edward  III.  now 
determined  that  Louis de  Nevers  should 
attach  hintself  to  bis  interests  as  bis 
liege  lord ;  or  that,  iu  default,  he 
would  pronounce  bis  "  dechcance," 
and  bestow  the  fief  of  Flanders  on  bis 
son.  Artevelde  was  iu  favour  of  the 
resolution,  and  joined  t!ie  King  in  his 
endeavours  to  obtain  the  consent  of 
the  deputies  of  the  cities.  But  the 
honest  burghent,  true  to  their  bng- 
aclmowledged  faitb,  ably  excused  theiu- 
solyes,  and  returned  to  cotisult  their 
constituen  t^.  Ai'tevi.*lde  remained,  and 
visited  the  cities  of  Ypres  and  Bruges. 
Dewej!  condemns  him  on  this  account, 
and  holds  it  as  a  proof  of  his  presump- 
tion  that  all  would  be  ordered  in  com- 
pliance with  his  will  But  Froissart 
expreffiily  says,  "  Or  demeura  Jacques 
d'Artevdle  encore  un  petit  de  lez, 
pros  le  roi,  {>our  cause  de  ce  que  le  rui 
se  d^couvroit  a  lui  fiablemunt  de  ses 
besognes,*'  a  sufficient  rea^iun,  and  to 
further  which  he  proceeded  first  to 
Yprea  and  Bruges.  Id  truth,  whether 
presumption  or  of  fiolicy,  bis  delay  was 
of  no  great  moment;  bis  power  was 
ffone.  He  had  thrown  the  die  for  the 
dechdance  of  Louis  de  Nevers,  and  it 
pronounced  his  own.  He  returned  to 
Ghent,  it  is  said,  with  a  guard  of  five 
hundred  men-at-anns  furnished  by 
Edward ;  but  the  authority  is  doubt- 
fill^  and  is  contradicted  by  the  result. 
The  streets  were  crowded  on  bia  ar- 
rival— no  longer  to  receive  bim  a:^ 
Tirotector  of  the  Ubcrtiea  of  Flanders. 
He  exchanged  no  greetings  in  tho 
inarket-|)lace^  no  liat  wa*^  raised  to 
Bftluto  him,  the  windows  were  hastily 
closed,  and,  to  the  averted  ltK)ks  of 
old  atlherenta  succeeded  the  scowling 
glance  and  muttered  expri^ssiuns  of 
hatred  with  which  the  lowest  rabble 
dodged  hixti  at  his  hwh-     Amid  their 


increasing  clamour  he  reached  his 
home,  which  was  instantly  barricaded, 
and  for  the  defence  of  which  it  h  pro* 
liable  he  hail  only  the  usual  city  gntu'd. 

It  was  at  night,  Sunday,  July  17, 
134^,  when  amid  tbe  circle  of  a  few 
triends  he  was  arranging  the  biisineaa^ 
of  the  morrow,  that  ho  first  heard  the 
ahouts,  the  trampling,  and  the  roar  of 
the  dense  multitude  rushing  towards 
the  Fuddeuhock-  It  consisted  of  the 
Liliaerts,  the  discontented  factions  of 
tho  lesser  gildsj  and  those  low  hirelings 
of  huninn  passions  over  ready  to  gratity 
their  desire  of  change,  their  thirst  of 
jjlundei*,  and  their  love  of  blood.  In 
a  moment  the  house  was  surrounded. 
For  awhile  tho  attack  was  resisted ; 
but  the  crowd,  armed  with  axes  and 
hammers,  many  with  hurning  torches, 
at  length  burst  in,  and  its  defenders 
were  cut  and  tramplctl  down.  In  the 
meaiUimo  Artevelde  appeared  at  an 
upper  window.  At  first  his  voice  was 
lost  amid  the  surging  roar  of  "  TjTant 
of  Flanders  I  Kobber  of  the  public 
funds  I  Traitor  to  the  country  I"  But 
for  a  moment  a  spirit  of  justice,  arismg 
from  the  remembrance  of  the  great 
days  of  old,  stole  over  the  vast  mass. 
They  listened  in  silence.  In  this  in* 
tervttl  he  pleaded  —  M.  Dewez  says 
basely  pleaded — for  his  life.  Let  the 
reader  turn  to  the  page  of  Froissart, 
Uow  a  man  should  plead  for  his  life 
may  be  open  to  criticism ;  how  he  did 
is  apparent.  But  again  his  voice  was 
borne  down  by  vociferation  :  he  re- 
treated to  seek  safety  in  the  church  of 
the  Bylofjue.  The  rear  of  the  bouse 
was  now  in  tbe  possession  of  his  ene- 
mies ;  escape  was  mipossible ;  and  he 
was  cut  down  by  n  blow  with  an  axe 
by  Gerard  Denys. 

Such  was  the  end  of  Jacques  van 
Artevelde — a  man  deserving  the  epi- 
thet of  great,  if  we  consider  the  age  in 
which  he  lived,  the  characters  of  his 
associates,  and  the  Qities  whose  interests 
he  guided.  Called  upon  to  act  by  the 
free  voice  uf  his  follow -citizens,  his 
policy  frees  him  from  the  accusation  of 
an  intriguer  ;  its  Huccess,  the  greatness 
of  ita  aim,  imparts  to  it  the  genius  of 
the  statesman.  That  personal  ambi- 
tion, personal  hatred,  were  often  the 
imf>ulse  of  his  career,  cannot  be  de- 
nied. The  accusation  of  tyranny,  and 
11  bloodthirsty  indulgence  of  revenge, 
wonts moredefinite confirmation.  That 
he  abused  hia  power  thero  is  no  doubt  i 


James  Thomson. — Allan  Ramsay. 


368 


which  of  his  opponents,  Philippe  de 
Valois,  Louis  de  Nevers,  and  the  Lili- 
aerts,  had  not  ?  But  the  remorse  of 
the  cities  upon  his  death,  the  expiatory 
lamp  which  long  burned  before  the 
statue  of  the  Virgin  in  the  church  of 
.the  Byloque,  the  fond  recollection  of 
his  name  when  the  crowd  trembled 
beneath  the  frown  of  Alba  and  the 
March6  au  Vandredi  was  lit  up  by  the 
fires  of  the  Inquisition,  and  the  fact 
that  it  was  long  the  custom  to  describe 
in  deeds  of  sale  how  far  the  house  was 
situated  from  that  of  Jacques  van 
Artevelde,  redeem  his  memory  from 
the  charge  of  being  a  tyrant  and  the 
heartless  shedder  of  blood.  Doubt  in 
this  case  is  in  his  favour.  No  man  hesi- 
tates to  assign  to  Alba,  Valdez,  or  to 
Philipjje,  their  place  in  the  history  of 
humanity.  "  The  blood  of  Danton 
chokes  you,"  describes  the  character  of 
Robespierre.  Artevelde*s  administra- 
tion of  public  affairs  evinced  both  en- 
ergy ana  the  profoundest  calculations  of 
political  science.  He  adopted  the  prin- 
ciple of  an  armed  neutrality,  and,  fail- 
ing in  this,  he  raised,  by  the  union  of 
the  cities  and  their  alliance  with  the 
English  government,  a  powerful  barrier 
against  the  ambition  of  Philip.  He 
compelled  foreign  merchants  to  import 
com,  as  well  as  wine  and  salt.  It  was 
then  the  vast  halls  at  Yprcs  were  com- 
menced; those  goodly  monuments  of 
a  brave,  intelligent,  and  industrious 
nation.     The  general  policy  of  his  ad- 


[April, 


ministration  appears  also  to  have  aimed 
at  consolidation  of  municipal  ri^^ts 
and  the  revival  of  ancient  laws.  The 
statement  of  Villani  and  Froissart  that 
at  the  celebrated  conference  of  rEcluse 
he  sought  to  dispossess  Loub  de  Nevers, 
and  to  establish  the  Prince  of  Wales 
as  Count  of  Flanders,  cannot,  in  M. 
Lettenhove*s  opinion,  be  muntained. 
The  appointment  of  a  Ruwaert  appears 
to  have  been  debated,  and  the  man 
selected  to  have  been  Sobier  de  Cour- 
trai. 

The  great  influence  of  Artevelde 
may  be  ascribed  also  to  his  rare  abilities. 
Cautious,  yet  bold— daring  in  action, 
but  warily  waiting  his  opportunity-*- 
he  made  his  genius  the  obedient  mi- 
nister of  his  will.  He  won  the  multi- 
tude by  his  familiarity,  and  silenced 
envy  by  his  unpretending  manners. 
With  the  noble  his  bearing  was  manly: 
he  was  the  cher  compere  of  Edward — 
the  frank  companion  of  hb  proud  and 
gallant  Britons.  His  eloquence  was 
natural  and  flowing,  comous  in  illus- 
tration, clear  in  detail.  He  spoke  with 
conscious  dienity,  and  enforced  his  ar- 
gument by  the  &elin^  of  a  somewhat 
lofty  spirit,  as  one  familiar  with  princes, 
but  who  was  still  the  citizen  of  Ghent. 
That  he  exercised  power,  as  it  had 
been  won,  by  moral  influence,  cannot 
be  maintained.  As  little  can  it  be  said 
he  abused  it,  as  did  Louis  de  Nevers 
and  the  successors  to  the  government  of 
Flanders  under  the  Spanish  crown. 


JAMES  THOMSON.— ALLAN  RAMSAY. 
Thomson. 


THE  poetry  of  the  early  volumes 
of  the  Grcntleman's  Magazine  deserves 
more  attention  than  it  has  yet  re- 
ceived, containing,  as  it  does,  some  of 
the  earliest  verse  of  Johnson,  Aken- 
side,  and  Collins,  and  some  pieces  of 
great  merit  and  curiosity  not  to  be 
found  elsewhere.  In  proof  of  this  I 
would  call  attention  to  the  following 
poem,  printed  p.  256  of  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  May,  1740 : — 

A  WINTER'S  DAY. 

WBITTEN  BT  A  8COTCU  CLEBGYMAN. 

Corrected  by  an  Eminent  Hand. 
Now,  gloomy  soul  1  look  out— now  comes  thy 
turn ; 
With  thoe,  behold  all  ravag'd  nature  mourn : 
Hall  the  dim  empire  of  thy  darling  night,    [light. 
Tiiat  spreads,  sIow-sb«aoFiDg,  Q'or  the  TAoqui^h'd 
4 


Look  out,  witli  Joy ;  the  rukr  of  the  day, 
Fahit,  as  thy  hopes,  emits  a  glimm*ring  ray : 
Already  exil'd  to  the  utmost  sky, 
Ulthcr,  oblique,  he  turns  his  clouded  eye. 
Lo !  from  the  limits  of  the  wintry  pole, 
Mountainous  clouds,  in  rude  confusion,  roll ; 
In  dismal  pomp,  now,  hov'ring  on  their  way, 
To  a  sick  twilight  they  reduce  the  day. 
And  hark  I  imprison'd  winds,  broke  loose,  arise. 
And  roar  tlieir  haughty  triumph  through  the  skies. 
While  the  driv'n  clouds,  o'ercharged  with  floods 

of  rain, 
And  mingled  lightning,  burst  upon  the  plain. 
Now  see  sad  earth— like  thine,  her  alter*d  state. 
Like  tliee,  she  mourns  her  sad  reverse  of  fitte !  * 
ller  smiles,  her  wanton  looks— where  are  they 

now? 
Faded  her  (ace  I  and  wrapp'd  in  clouds  her  brow ! 
No  more  th'nngrateful  verdure  of  the  pUin ; 
No  more  the  wealth-crown'd  labours  of  the  swain  ; 
These  scenes  of  bliss,  no  more  upbraid  my  fiite. 
Torture  my  pining  tbooght,  and  route  mj  bate. 


18530 


James  Thantsotu — Aiian  Rmmai/. 


Tbc  kof-ckd  forest,  ami  titc  lulled  ^n^wc, 
Erewhilo  the  safe  rctrcatH  of  Imppy  lovci, 
Stript  of  their  lianottra  nukudf  novr  uiipetir; 
TtUa  iB»  my  *oul  I  the  Winter  of  UKsSr  year  I 
Tlitj  little  noifry  ^oiig^tcrs  of  t!ie  wlog. 
All,  sWv^ring  on  the  bough,  forget  to  slug. 
llail,  pev'rcnd  siJeiiLH!,  vrith  thy  airvfal  brow  ! 
Do  moAlcIc'B  Toico  for  ever  mute— n*  now ; 
LtiL  no  intru^ivD  voice  my  dead  rci>Oi^ 
Disturb— no  pleaKUTL*  dLscoticert  my  woes. 
Id  this  mosw-cover'd  cavern,  hojicleT^  laid 
On  the  cold  ellJt  1*11  lean  my  olcing  hcu^l^ 
Aivl,  ptoah'd  TfitU  vrinter'e  waiste*  iiinp[r3ring,  sec 
All  nAtaro  ia  an  Agony  with  nie  I 
Bongh  ragged  rocks,  wot  mnrsbes,  ruin'd  towers, 
I  B«re  trocft,  brown  bmkfiSt  bleak  hcalli.s  and  nusby 

moon, 
Dread  Hoods,  lingfl  cataracts,  to  my  rlcaMid  i^ycK 
►  (Now,  i  can  najle  !>  in  wild  dlwnlfr  rise. 
Atul  now,  tlie  various  arcad/idncs*  cojtiWn'd, 
Bluck  melancholy  comes  to  dojte  my  uiUid.     [air. 
[  Siw  !  uigfhl'swWi'd  i$hAitc2i,  spreading  tbrotigh  the 
And  the  lonc^  hollow  gloom^  for  me  prepare  \ 
Hail  t  sohUry  ruler  of  thii  grave  1 
Parent  of  tc^ror^i  \  from  tliy  dreary  cave  1 
'  Let  thy  dumb  sdlence  mi4niQht  all  tbc  gromid, 
I, And  spread  a  welcome  horror  all  arotmd. 
I  But  hiu-k !— B  nudden  howl  invades  my  oar  I 
I  The  phantoRU  of  the  dreadful  hour  are  near* 
'  Shadows,  from  each  dark  cavern ,  now  comWno 
I  And  stallc  arotind,  and  mix  tlitslr  yells  with  mine. 
f  Stop,  flytug  Time  I  repoto  thy  rxMtlesa  wing ; 
I  Fix  herOf— nor  hasten  to  restore  tho  Spring. 

Fijt*d  my  UJ/a^«,  m  fljt*d  lot  Winter  be, 
I  Let  Dover  wanton  season  hingb  at  me  E 

Now,  beyond   its  undoubted  merit 
JEiid  its  matiy  fine  strokes  of  careful 
j^observatioD,  tbis  Winters   Day  pos- 
iBeaaea  an  interest  of  an  unusual  kiud. 
j  It  was  the  original,  1  conrcive,  ofTlioui- 
^aou's  "Winter;"  though  actually  print- 
led  in  Savage's  Miscellany,  17:26,  as  the 
I  prod  action  of  the  author  of  "  William 
I  and  Margaret,"  meaning  David  Mallet. 
[The  Scotch  clergy  man  was  the  Kev. 
iRobert  lliccaltounj    assistant  to  the 
lluiDister  of  Bowden,  near  Melrose,  and 
■afTterwards  (1728)  minister  of  Hob- 
kirfc,  near  Ednam,  where  the  author  of 
"  The   Seasons "   was  born,  and   the 
Eminent  Hatid  was,  as  I  suspect,  not 
Mallet,  but  no  less  a  person  than  Thoni- 
^fon  himself. 

In  a  letter  from  Thomson,  written 
'  from  Barnet  abciut  September,  1725,  is 
the  following  passage: — "Nature  de- 
lights nie  in  every  form ;  I  am  just  now 
p;iinting  her  in   her  most  lugubrious 
.  dress  for  my  own  amusement,  describing 

■         Wiater  as  it  pres^enta  itself.  ♦    .    *    . 

— 


I  slill  have,  lirstputthe  design  iiit<i  my 
head.  In  it  are  some  miLsterly  jitrokerf 
that  awakened  me."  Thomson  was  a 
friend  of  CiivcX  and  from  the  author 
of  *jThe  Seasons"  Cave  most  likely 
received  this  poem.  1  [jhice  little  re- 
liance on  the  testinjony  of  Savage's 
Miscellany  M' hen  it  appears  against  the 
evidence  of  the  Gentleman's  Alugsizine, 
whicli,  in  1740,  might  in  some  respects 
be  called  a  second  8avage*s  ili seel  1  any. 
Of  lliccftltoun,  who  assisted  the 
studies  of  Thomson,  too  little  is  known. 
''The  Rev.  Mr,  Eiccarton,"  says  Mur- 
doch,  the  bosom  friend  and  biographer 
of  Thomson,  *'a  man  of  uncommon 
penetration  and  good  taste,  hud  very 
early  discovered  through  the  rudeness 
of  young  Thomson*s  puerile  essays  a 
fund  of  genius  well  deserving  culture 
and  encouragement,  lie  undertook 
therefore,  with  the  fathers  ajjproba- 
tion,  the  chief  direction  of  his  studies, 
furnished  him  with  the  proper  books, 
corrected  his  performance:^,  and  wus 
daily  rewarded  with  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  his  labour  so  happily  enmloycd." 
Nor  was  Thomson  uuminrlful  of  hifl 
kindness-  *'  It  will  be  a  groat  pleasure 
to  me,"  he  writes  from  Loudon,  "to 
hear  of  Mr.  Kiccalton  s  welfare,  wha 
deserves  encouragement  as  much  as 
any  preacher  in  Scotland." 

In  the  year  1836 — for  so  long  ago  I 
commenced  my  collections  for  a  llle  of 
Thomson — I  wrote  to  the  Uev.  John 
Itichmmifl,  the  minister  of  SouLhdeau 
(the  manse  of  the  poet's  father),  for 
some  particuhira  about  Ricealtoun, 
All  I  could  learn  from  him  in  reply 
was  this — that  he  was  "  said  to  have 
comjiosed  "  a  poem  on  "  Rubersitlaw," 
a  high  hill  near  Southdean;  that  it 
was  descrijitive  of  a  storm  gathering 
round  the  hill,  and  that  he  had  heard 
of  "  fifty  copies  '■  being  printed  otf, 
"  none  of  which  are  now  to  be  found,** 
By  another  memorandum  I  find  that 
Ilif!CaItoun  was  buried  in  Rule  church- 
yard ;  his  works  (his  poetry  excepteil) 
were  edited  by  the  Rev.  Robert  W  alkcr 
in  3  vols.  Hvo.  1771,  ♦*  Ruberslaw,"  I 
moy  add,  is  commemorated  in  "  Xho 
Lay  of  the  Last  Alinstrel " — 

Alreadj  on  dark  Ruberslaw, 

Tbc  Douglas  holds  his  weapoQ-schaw. 


SB 


370 


A  Word  upon  Wigs. 
Allan  Ramsay. 


[April, 


On  one  side  of  a  letter  addressed 

To  Mr.  Allan  Ramsay,  at  M**-  Ross's, 
in  Orange-court,  near  the  Mense,  London, 
and  thus  endorsed  by  Andrew  Millar, 
the  publisher, — 

Ed',  July  15,  1732.     Allan  Ramsay,  at 
Ed',  to  A.  M.,  allowing  him  y*  liberty  of 
reprinting  his  3  vols,  of  songs,  to  w"  he 
agrees,  per  his  July  27, 
is  the  following  interesting  letter  : — 
Edinburgh,  July  13th,  1732. 

Dear  Andrew, — I  received  yours  of 
date  the  6th  inst.  and  allow  you  to  print 
the  three  volumes  of  the  Tea  Table  Mis- 
cellanys or  Collections  of  Songs  published 
by  me  in  what  form  you  please,  on  your 
paying  roe  against  Martinmas  next  five 
pounds  sterling.  Further  1  empower  you 
to  take  up  for  me  five  guineas  from  the 
printers  of  my  Poems,  the  unpaid  moiety 
as  agreed  on  between  them  and  Mr. 
M'Ewen,  who  had  instructions  from  me  to 
transact  with  them,  and  to  whom  they  paid 
the  first  moiety. — I  am,  dear  Andrew,  your 
very  humble  servt.      Allan  Ramsay. 

My  son  brings  you  this,  if  he  approves 
of  it.  If  we  agree,  I  desire  that  you  would 
send  none  of  them  to  this  country — it  is 
scarce  worth  your  while. 

Beneath,  on  part  of  the  letter  from 
the  poet  to  his  son,  afterwards  the  dis- 
tinguished painter,  occurs — 

If  you  do  not  like  the  proposal  tell  Mr. 
Millar  so.  Send  me  account  of  this  afifair 
with  the  first  post. 

Ramsay's  letter  relates  to  the  first 
collected  edition  of  the  Tea  Table 
Miscellany,  that   in   three  thin  duo- 


decimo volumes,  with  the  same  jpagma- 
tion  throughout,  printed  for  Anareir 
Millar  in  1733,  and  called  "the  ninth 
edition,  being  the  compleatest  and 
most  correct  of  any  yet  published  by 
Allan  Ramsay." 

The  first  volume  of  the  Tea  Table 
Miscellany  was  published  at  Edin- 
burgh in  1724.  The  second,  third,  and 
fourth  volumes  were  published  sepa- 
rately in  24mo.  at  various  intervals* 
When  the  second  was  published  is,  I 
believe,  unknown.  The  third  appeared 
at  Edinburgh  in  1727,  and  the  fourth 
at  London  m  1740.  A  pirated  edition 
was  published  at  Dublin  in  1729,  three 
volumes  in  one,  12mo.  pp. 334, ''printed 
for  E.  Smith."  Ramsay's  letter  relates 
to  the  ninth,  and  the  following  adver- 
tisement in  the  Caledonian  Mercury 
of  July  1 7, 1 740,  to  the  tenth  edition : — 

This  day  is  published,  neatly  printed  in 
a  pocket  volume,  the  tenth  edition,  being 
the  completest  and  most  correct  of  any 
yet  published,  with  the  addition  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  songs,  The  Tea  Table 
Miscellany  ;  or,  a  Collection  of  the  most 
choice  Songs,  Scots  and  English.  By 
Allan  Ramsay.  Printed  for  A.  Millar,  at 
Buchanan's  Head,  in  the  Strand,  and  sold 
by  him,  &c. 

The  eleventh  edition  was  published 
at  London,  four  vols,  in  one,  12mo. 
1 750.  The  subsequent  ones  are  merely 
reprints  of  each  other.  The  eighteenth, 
and  probably  the  latest,  edition  ap- 
peared at  Edinburgh  in  1792. 

Petbr  CuNNIlfOnAM. 


A  WORD  UPON  WIGS. 


WHEN  it  is  said  that  Hadrian  was 
the  first  Roman  emperor  who  wore  a 
wig,  nothing  more  is  meant  than  that 
he  was  the  first  who  avowedly  wore 
one.  They  were  common  enough  be- 
fore his  time.  Caligula  and  Messalina 
put  them  on  for  purposes  of  disguise 
when  they  were  abroad  at  night ;  and 
Otho  condescended  to  conceal  his 
biddness  with  what  he  fain  hoped  his 
subjects  would  accept  as  a  natural 
Lead  of  hair  Iwjcommg  to  one  who 
bore  the  name  of  Camr. 

As  for  the  origin  of  wigs,  the  honour 
of  the  invention  is  attributed  to  the 
luxurious  lapygians  in  southern  Italy. 
The  Louvain  theologians  who  pub- 
lished a  French  version  of  the  Bible 
affected  however  to  discover  the  first 


mention  of  perukes  in  a  passage  in  the 
fourth  chapter  of  Isaiah.    The  Vul- 

fate  has  these  words,  "Decalvabit 
)ominus  verticem  filiamm  Sion,  et 
Dominus  crinem  earum  nudabit  :**  thia 
the  Louvain  gentlemen  translated  into 
French  as  follows :  "Le  Seigneur  de- 
chevelera  les  tetes  des  filles  de  Sion, 
et  le  Seigneur  decouvrira  leurs  per- 
ruques  C  the  which,  "  done  into  Eng- 
lish," implies  that  "the  Lord  will  pludc 
the  hair  from  the  heads  of  the  daughters 
of  Sion,  and  will  ex]:)ose  their  perri- 
wigs."  In  this  free  and  easy  transla- 
tion the  theologians  in  (luestion  fol- 
lowed no  less  an  authority  than  St 
Paulinus  of  Nola,and  thus  had  respect- 
able warrant  for  their  singnlar  mistake. 
Allusions  to  wigs   are  frequently 


1853.] 


A  Word  upon  Wigs. 


871 


made  both  by  historians  and  poets  of 
the  ancient  times.  We  know  that  they 
were  worn  by  fashionable  gentlemen 
in  Palmyra  and  Baalbec,  and  that  the 
Lycians  took  to  then!  out  of  necessity. 
When  their  conqueror  Mausoleus  had 
ruthlessly  ordered  all  their  heads  to  be 
shaven,  the  poor  Lycians  felt  them- 
selves so  supremely  ridiculous  that 
they  induced  the  kmg*s  general,  Con- 
dales,  by  means  of  an  irresistible  bribe, 
to  permit  them  to  import  wigs  from 
Greece;  and  the  symbol  of  their  de- 
gradation became  the  very  pink  of 
Lycian  fashion. 

Hannibal  was,  as  Captain  Bluff  says 
of  him  in  Fielding's  Amelia,  a  very 
pretty  fellow  in  his  day.  But  for  so 
stout  a  soldier  he  was  on  the  article  of 
{)erukes  as  finical  as  Jessamy  and  as 
particular  as  Ranger — as  nice  about 
their  fashion   as   the  former,  and  as 

{)hilosophical  as  the  latter  upon  their 
ook.  Hannibal  wore  them  sometimes 
to  improve,  sometimes  to  disguise  his 
person ;  and,  if  he  wore  one  long  enough 
to  spoil  its  beauty,  he  was  as  glad  as 
the  airy  gentleman  in  The  Suspicious 
Husband  to  fling  it  aside  when  it  wore 
a  "  battered  "  aspect.  Ovid  and  Mar- 
tial celebrate  the  gold-coloured  wigs 
of  Germany.  The  latter  writer  is 
very  severe  upon  the  dandies  and  co- 
quettes of  his  day,  who  thoiight  to  win 
attraction  under  a  wig.  Tropertius, 
who  could  describe  so  tenderly  and 
appreciate  so  well  what  was  lovely  in 
girlhood,  whips  his  butterflies  into 
dragons  at  the  bare  idea  of  a  nymph 
in  a  toupee.  Venus  Anadyomene  her- 
self would  have  had  no  charms  for  that 
gentle  sigher  of  sweet  and  enervating 
sounds  had  she  wooed  him  in  borrowed 
hair.  If  he  was  not  particular  touching 
morals  he  was  very  strict  concerning 
curls. 

If  the  classical  poets  winged  their 
satirical  shafts  against  wigs,  these  were 
as  little  spared  by  the  mimic  thunder- 
bolts of  the  fathers,  councils,  and 
canons  of  the  early  Church.  Heathen 
poets  and  Christian  elders  could  no 
more  digest  human  hair  than  can  the 
crocodile,  of  whom  dead,  it  is  said,  you 
may  know  how  many  individuals  he 
devoured  living,  by  the  number  of  hair- 
balls  in  the  stomach,  which  can  neither 
digest  nor  eject  them.  The  indigna- 
tion of  TertuUian  respecting  these  said 
wigs  is   something  perfectly  terrific. 


Not  less  is  that  of  St.  Gregory  of 
Nazianzen,  who  especially  vouches 
for  the  virtue  of  his  simple  sister  Gor- 
gonia,  for  the  reason  thf\t  she  neither 
cared  to  curl  her  own  hiiir  or  repair 
its  lack  of  beauty  by  the  aid  of  a  wig. 
The  thunder  of  St.  Jerome  against 
these  adornments  was  quite  as  loud  as 
that  of  any  of  the  fathers.  They  were 
preached  against  as  unbecoming  Chris- 
tianity. Council  after  council,  from  the 
first  at  Constantinople  to  the  last  pro- 
vincial council  at  Tours,  denounced 
wigs  even  when  worn  in  joke.  "There 
is  no  joke  in  the  matter,"  exclaimed  the 
exceedingly  irate  St.  Bernard — "the 
woman  who  wears  a  wig  commits  a 
mortal  sin."  St.  John  Chrysostom  cites 
St.  Paul  against  the  fashion,  arguing 
that  they  who  prayed  or  preached  in 
wigs  could  not  be  said  to  worship  or 
teach  the  word  of  God  with  head  un- 
covered. "Look,"  says  Cyprian,  to  the 
wearers  of  false  hair ;  "  look  at  the 
Pagans,  they  pray  in  veils — what  better 
are  you  than  Pagans  if  you  come  to 
prayers  in  perukes  ?"  Many  local  synods 
would  authorise  no  fashion  of  wearing 
the  hair  but  straight  and  short.  This 
form  was  especially  enjoined  on  the 
clergy  generally.  St.  Ambrose  as 
strictly  enjoined  the  fashion  upon  the 
ladies  of  his  diocese.  "  Do  not  talk  to 
me  of  curls,"  said  this  hard- worded 
prelate,  "  they  are  the  lenocinia  formae 
non  prajcepta  virtutis !"  The  ladies 
smiled.  It  was  to  some  such  obdurate 
and  beautiful  rebels  that  Cyprian  once 
gravely  preached  on  the  text  chosen 
by  Sianey  Smith  when  he  took  leave 
of  his  fashionable  congregation  in 
Fitzroy  Chapel — "  Thou  shalt  not  com- 
mit aaultery  I"  "  Give  heed  to  me, 
oh  ye  women,"  said  the  older  preacher; 
"  adultery  is  a  grievous  sin,  but  she 
who  wears  false  hair  is  guilty  of  a 
greater !"  It  must  have  been  a  com- 
Ibrtable  state  of  society  when  two 
angry  ladies  could  exclaim  to  each 
other,  "  You  may  say  of  me  what 
you  please,  you  may  charge  me  with 
breaking  the  seventh  Commandment, 
but,  thank  heaven  and  Cyprian,  you 
cannot  accuse  me  of  wearing  a  wig !" 

No  pains  were  spared  to  deter  women 
from  tliis  enormity.  St.  Jerome  holds 
up  the  fate  of  Praetexta  as  a  warning 
to  all  ladies  addicted  to  the  fashion  of 
the  world.  Prajtexta  was  a  very  re- 
spectable lady,  married  to  a  somewhat 


372 


A  Word  upon  Wigs, 


[April, 


paganish  husband,  Hymctius.  Their 
niece,  Eustochia,  resided  with  them. 
At  the  instigation  of  the  husband, 
FraBtexta  took  the  shy  Eustochia  in 
hand,  attired  her  in  a  splendid  dress, 
and  covered  her  fair  neck  with  ringlets. 
Having  enjoyed  the  sight  of  the  modest 
maiden  so  attired,  Prsetexta  went  to 
bed.  To  that  bed-side  immediately 
descended  an  angel,  with  wrath  upon 
his  brow  and  billows  of  angry  sounds 
roaring  from  his  lips.  "Thou hast,"  said 
the  spirit,  "  obeyed  thy  husband  rather 
than  the  Lord ;  and  hast  dared  to  touch 
the  hair  of  a  virgin  consecrated  to  the 
service  of  heaven,  and  hast  made  her 
look  like  a  daughter  of  earth.  For 
this  do  I  wither  up  thy  hands,  and 
bid  thee  recognise  the  enormity  of  thy 
crime  in  the  amount  of  thy  anguish 
and  bodily  suffering.  But  five  months 
more  shalt  thou  live,  and  then  hell 
shall  be  thy  portion ;  and  if  thou  art 
bold  enough  to  touch  the  head  of 
Eustochia  a^ain,  thy  husband  and  thy 
children  shall  die  even  before  thee." 
St.  Jerome  pledges  himself  for  the 
truth  of  this  story,  and  draws  a  moral 
therefrom  which  is  exceedingly  per- 
plexing and  utterly  unintelligible. 

The  ladies  were  more  difficult  of 
management  than  the  clergy.  The 
former  were  not  to  be  terrified  by  the 
assurance  that  breaking  an  ordinance 
of  man  was  a  worse  crime  than  break- 
ing one  of  the  commandments  of  God. 
The  hair  of  the  clergy  was  kept  straight 
by  decrees  of  forfeiture  of  revenues  or 
benefice  against  incumbents  who  ap- 
proached the  altars  with  curls  even  of 
their  natural  hair.  Pommades  and 
scented  waters  were  denounced  as 
damnable  inventions,  but  arudhcma  was 
uttered  against  the  priest  guilty  of 
wearing  one  single  hair  combetf  up 
above  its  fellows.  Every  one  knows 
that  the  present  worthy  Bishop  of  Ox- 
ford id,  in  one  respect, like  "  the  curled 
son  of  Clinias."  j3y  that  resemblance, 
however,  his  lordship  would  have  been 
in  the  olden  time  ipso  facto  excommu- 
nicate, according  to  the  decree  of  the 
Council  of  Lateran  (Gregory  II.), 
which  says,  "Quicumque  ex  clericis 
comam  relaxaverit,  anathema  sit." 

All  personal  disguise,  says  Tertul- 
lian,  is  adultery  before  God ;  all  pe- 
rukes, paint,  and  powder  arc  such  dis- 
guises, and  inventions  of  the  devil; 
erfro^  kc.    This  zealous  individual  ap- 


peals to  personal  as  often  as  to  reli- 
gious feeling.  If  you  will  not  fling 
away  your  false  hair,  says  he,  as  hateful 
to  heaven,  cannot  I  make  it  hateful  to 
yourselves  by  reminding  you  that  the 
false  hair  you  wear  may  have  come,  not 
only  from  a  criminal,  but  from  a  very 
dirty,  head, — perhaps  from  the  head  of 
one  already  damned  ?  This  was  a  very 
hard  hit  indeed,  but  it  was  not  nearly 
80  clever  a  stroke  at  wigs  as  that  dealt 
by  Clemens  of  Alexandria.  The  latter 
informed  the  astounded  wig-wearers 
that  when  they  knelt  at  church  to  re- 
ceive the  blessing,  they  must  be  good 
enough  to  recollect  that  the  benediction 
remained  on  the  wig,  and  did  not  pass 
through  to  the  wearer!  This  was  a 
stumbling-block  to  the  people,  many  of 
whom,  however,  retained  the  peruke^ 
and  took  their  chance  as  to  the  trans- 
mission of  the  blessing.  On  similarly 
obstinate  people  TertuTlian  rushed  with 
a  hasty  charge  of  ill-prepared  logic : 
"  You  were  not  born  with  wigs,"  said 
he ;  "  God  did  not  give  them  to  yon. 
God  not  giving  them,  you  must  neces- 
sarily have  received  them  from  the 
devil!"  It  was  manifest  that  so  rickety 
a  syllogism  was  perfectly  incapable  of 
shaking  the  lightest  "  scratch  from  a 
reasoning  Christian  skull. 

Indeed  the  logic  of  Tertullian,  when 
levelled  against  wigs,  is  singularly 
faulty.  Men  of  the  world  he  points 
out  as  being  given  to  over-scrupulous 
cleanliness.  Your  saint  is  dirty  from 
an  impulse  of  duty.  Were  he  other- 
wise, he  might  be  too  seductive  to  the 
weaker  sex !  This  reminds  me  of  a 
monk  I  once  heard  of  when  at  Prague. 
He  was  blind,  but  he  had  so  fine  a  nose 
that  he  boasted  of  being  able  to  tell  a 
saint  from  a  sinner  by  the  smell.  Hie 
ichor  distilled  by  the  former  gave  forth 
an  odour  of  sanctity,  that  was  more 
savoury  to  the  blind  monk  tlian  to 
worldly  men  content  to  live  cleanly  and 
do  their  duty  in  that  state  of  life  unto 
which  it  had  pleased  God  to  call  them. 

Not  only  were  the  Scriptures  pressed 
into  service  against  those  who  wore 
false  hair  or  who  dyed  their  own,  but 
zealous  Christian  priests  quoted  even 
the  heathen  writers  to  shame  men  out 
of  the  custom.  It  is  a  remarkable 
thing  how  very  well  acquainted  these 
well-meaning,  but  somewhat  over- 
straining, personages  were  with  the 
erotic  iK>ints  of  heathendom. 


1853.] 


A  Word  itpon  Wigs. 


373 


English  Indies  do  not  ftppear  to  have 
|ft<lopte(l  tlie  fikibion  of  weaving  wigA 
luiUil  fibout  the  year  1550.    Juniui?,  in 
f  his  Ccmiiiientariuin  de  Coiim,  Mays  that 
i  fulsng  hiiir  came  into  usq  licre  about  that 
I  tJuie,  and  timt  such  kmc  bsid  iiiiver  ha* 
I  foro  been  adopted  by  Englisli  muttons. 
\  Some  three  hundred  yenrs  befure  this 
I  the  Benedictine  monks  ftt  Cfinterbury, 
[  wlio  wei'e  ciiuons  of  the  cathedral,  very 
f  piitbctlcftlly  represented  to  Tope  limo- 
I  cent    IV,   that  they  were  tsubject  to 
I  Csiich  very  bud  colds  from  terving  in 
[the  wide  and  chilly  cathedral   bure- 
[  headed .    The  pontiff  gave  lliem  solemn 
I  permission   to  gtiaid  against  catarrh, 
Irhenai,    bronehitia,    and   nbthisis,   by 
►covering  their   heads  with  the  hood 
•common  tc>  their  ortler,  having  tispeciul 
I -care,  however,  to  tling  back  the  bood 
I  St  the  reading  of  the  &09p<jl  and  at  the 
I  elevation  of  the  Host.   Zealous  ehurdi- 
l.men  have  been  very  indignant  at  the 
Imttempta  made  to  prove  that  the  per- 
[mi.'ision  of  Innocent  FV^  might  be  con- 
[  atrued  ojs  a  concesaioa  to  priests  Ibr 
'wearing  wigs,  if  they  were  so  minded. 
The  question  was  settled  at  tbe  great 
Council  of  England  held  in  London  in 
1.1208.    That  council  refused  to  Haoc- 
Ition  the  wearing  by  clerics  of  '*  quaa 
I  vulgo  Citifaft  voeant,''  except  when  they 
l^ere   travelling*     In   church  and   in 
presence  of  their  bishop  they  were  (»r- 
iered  to  appear  bareheaded.     If  a  voif 
I  even  was  profane,  a  wig  to  this  council 
^  would  have  taken  the  guise  of  the  nn- 
pardonable  sin.    It  is,  however,  well 
Known,  that  though  Home  forbade  a 
priest  to  officiate  with  covered  head, 
perniiiision  to  do  so  was  purehaseablc. 
In   fact  the  rule  of  Kome  was  not 
founded,  as  it  was  declared  to  be,  on 
,  Scripture,      Permission    was    readily 
^granted  to  the  Uornish  priestii  iu  China 
'to  officiate  with  covered  heads,  as  being 
more  agreeable  to  the  native  idea  there 
of  what  was  seemly.     Native  senti- 
ment nearer  home  was  much  less  re- 
garded*   Thu3,  when  the  Bulgarians 
complaiiiod  to  Pope  Nicholas  that  their 

SrieBts  would  not  permit  Ihem  to  wear 
uring  church- time  those  head-wrap- 
pera   or  turbans  which   it  was   their 
habit  never  to  throw  oif,  tlie  pontilf 
ITeturned  an  answer  which  almost  took 
I  the  brief  and  popular  form  of  *^  Serve 
Ijou  right!"  and  the  Bnlganans  took 
nothing  by  their  motion* 
Oar  Anselm  of  Canterbury  was  as 


little  concedmg  to  the  young  and  long- 
haired nobles  of  his  day  as  was  Pope 
Nicholas  to  the  Bulgarians*  Eadmer, 
i\  monk  of  Canterbury,  relates  that  on 
one  occasion  (Ash  XVcdoc^sday)  the 
primate  soundly  rebuked  the  hirsute 
aristocracy,  put  tbeni  in  penance,  and 
refuiied  them  absolution  until  they  had 
submitted  to  be  close-sborn.  The  pre- 
late in  question  would  allow  none  to 
eater  his  cathedral  who  wore  cither 
long  or  false  hair.  Against  both,  the 
objection  remained  for  a  lengthened 
periofl  insuperable,  Wlien  Henry  I. 
of  England  was  in  Erance,  Serron, 
Bishop  of  See2,  told  him  that  heaven 
was  disgusted  at  the  aspect  of  Chris- 
tians in  long  hair,  or  wearing  on  manly 
heads  locks  that  had  perhaps  come  from 
women*s  brows ;  they  were  as  sons  of 
Belial  for  so  oflending :  *'  Pervicaces 
filii  Belial  capita  sua  comis  mulicrum 
oraant."  The  Kin^  looked  grave*  The 
prelate  insinuatingly  invited  the  fiither 
of  his  people,  who  wore  long  if  not  fabe 
locks,  to  set  a  worthy  example*  **  We'll 
think  of  it,"  said  the  sovereign.  "  Ko 
time  like  the  present,"  rejoined  the 
prelate,  who  produced  a  pair  of  scissars 
from  bis  episcopal  sleeve,  and  advanced 
towards  Henry,  prepared  to  sweep  otf 
those  honours  which  the  monarch  would 
fain  have  preserved.  But  what  was 
the  sceptre  of  the  jjiince  to  the  forceps 
of  the  priest  ?  Tlie  former  meekly  sat 
down  at  the  entrance  to  his  tent,  wlnle 
Bishop  Serron  clipped  him  with  the 
akiltuf  alacritv  of  a  Figaro,  Noble 
after  nuble  submitted  to  the  same  ope- 
ration ;-  and  while  these  were  bemg 
docked  bv  the  more  dignified  clergy, 
a  host  ol  inferior  ecclesiastics  pas&ed 
through  the  ranks  of  the  grinning  sol- 
diers, and  cut  of!'  hair  enough  to  have 
made  the  fortunes  of  all  the  perriwig- 
builders  who  rolled  in  gilded  chariots 
during  the  palmy  days  of  the  "  Grand 
Mo  nan  pie." 

In  what  then  but  in  prolligate  days 
could  wigs  have  triumphed  in  England? 
Pern  wigs  established  themselves  vic- 
toriously—dividing  even  the  Church — 
under  Louis  X^V^  When  a  boy  that 
King  had  such  long  and  beautiful  hjiir 
that  it  becajne  the  fashion  for  all  classes 
to  wear  at  least  an  imitation  thereof. 
When  Louis  began  to  lose  his  own,  he 
also  took  to  false  adornment,  and  full-^ 
bottomed  wigs  bade  defiance  to  tho 
canons  of  the  Church.    Charles  II.  did 


A  Word  upon  Wigs, 


374 


not  brinff  the  fashion  with  him  to 
"Whitehall.  On  the  contrary  he  with- 
stood it.  He  forbade  the  members  of 
the  university  to  wear  perriwigs,  smoke 
tobacco,  or  read  their  sermons.  The 
members  did  all  three,  and  Charles 
soon  found  himself  doing  the  first  two. 
On  the  2nd  November,  1663,  says 
Pepys, — "  I  heard  the  Duke  say  that 
he  was  going  to  wear  a  perriwig ;  and 
they  say  the  King  also  will.  I  never 
till  this  day,"  he  adds,  "  observed  that 
the  King  was  so  mighty  greyT  This 
perhaps  was  the  reason  that  Charles 
stooped  to  assume  what  he  had  before 
denounced.  Pepys  himself  had  ven- 
tured upon  the  step  in  the  previous 
May;  and  what  a  business  it  was  for 
the  little  man :  Hear  him  : — "  8th. 
At  Mr.  Jervas's,  my  old  barber.  I 
did  try  two  or  three  borders  and  perri- 
wigs, meaning  to  wear  one ;  and  yet  I 
have  no  stomach  for  it,  but  that  the 
pains  of  keeping  my  hair  clean  is  so 
great.  He  trimmed  me,  and  at  last  I 
parted,  but  my  mind  was  almost  altered 
from  my  first  purpose,  from  the  trouble 
that  I  foresee  will  be  in  wearing  them 
also."  He  took  some  time  to  make  up 
his  mind,  and  only  in  October  of  the 
same  year  does  he  take  poor  Mrs.  Pepys 
to  "my  perriwig  maker's,  and  there 
showed,  my  wife  the  perriwig  made  for 
me,  and  she  likes  it  very  well."  In 
April  1665  the  wig  was  in  the  hands 
of  Jervas  under  repair.  In  the  mean- 
time our  old  friend  took  to  his  natural 
hair ;  but  early  in  May  we  find  him 
recording  that  "  this  day,  after  I  had 
suffered  my  own  hayre  to  grow  long, 
in  order  to  wearing  it,  I  find  the  con- 
venience of  perriwiggs  is  so  great  that 
I  have  cut  off  all  short  again,  and  will 
keep  to  perriwiggs."  In  the  autumn, 
on  Sunaay  the  3rd  of  September,  the 
wicked  little  gallant  moralizes  thus  on 
"perriwiggs"  and  their  prospects: — 
"  tip  and  put  on  my  coloured  silk  suit, 
very  fine,  and  my  new  perriwigg  bought 
a  good  while  since,  but  durst  not  wear, 
because  the  plague  was  in  Westminster, 
when  I  bought  it ;  and  it  is  a  wonder 
what  will  1^  the  fashion  after  the 
plague  is  done  as  to  perriwiggs,  for 
nobody  will  dare  to  buy  any  hayre  for 
fear  of  the  infection,  that  it  had  been 
cut  off  the  heads  of  people  dead  of  the 
plague."  The  plague  and  fear  thereof 
were  clean  forgotten  before  many 
months  had  pas^d,  and  in  June  1666 


[April, 


Pepjrs — "walking  in  the  galleries  at 
Whitehall,  I  find  the  ladies  of  honour 
dressed  in  their  riding  garbs,  with  coats 
and  doublets  with  deep  skirts,  just  for 
all  the  world  like  mine ;  and  buttoned 
their  doublets  up  their  breasts,  with 
perriwigs  and  with  hats ;  so  that,  only 
for  a  Ions  petticoat  dragging  under 
their  men  s  coats,  nobody  could  take 
them  for  women  in  an  j  pomt  whatever, 
which  was  an  odd  si^t,  and  a  s^t 
did  not  please  me."  The  moralist  at 
Whitehall,  however,  could  forget  his 
mission  when  at "  Mercer's."  There,  on 
the  14th  of  August,  1666,  the  thanks- 
giving day  for  the  recent  navd  victory, 
after  "hearing  a  piece  of  the  Dean  of 
Westminster's  sermon,"  dining  merrily, 
enjoying  the  sport  at  the  Bear  Garden, 
and  letting  off  fireworks,  the  perri- 
wigged  philosopher,  with  his  wife,  Lady 
Penn,  Pegg,  and  Nan  Wright,  kept  it 
up  at  Mrs.  Mercer's  aft«r  midnight, — 
"and  there  mif^hty  merry,  smuttine 
one  another  with  candlegrease  and 
soot,  until  most  of  us  were  like  devils. 
And  that  being  done,  then  we  broke 
up  and  to  my  house ;  and  there  I  made 
them  drink,  and  up  stairs  we  went,  and 
then  fell  into  dancing,  W.  Battelier 
dancing  well ;  and  dressing  him  and  I^ 
and  one  Mr.  Banister,  who  with  my 
wife  came  over  also  with  us,  like  women; 
and  Mercer  put  on  a  suit  of  Tom's,  like 
a  boy, — and  ^Ir.  Wright  and  my  wife 
and  Pegg  Penn  put  on  perriewigs ;  and 
thus  we  spent  till  three  or  four  in  the 
morning,  mighty  merry," — and  little 
troubled  with  the  thou^nt  whether  Uie 
skull  which  had  afforded  the  hair  for 
such  perriwig  were  lying  in  the  pest- 
fields  or  not.  By  the  following  year 
our  rising  gentleman  grows  eztraya- 
gant  in  his  outlay  for  such  adornments, 
and  he  who  had  been  content  to  wear 
a  wig  at  235.  buys  now  a  pair  for  4/.  lOit. 
— "mighty  fine;  indeed,  too  fine,  I 
thought,  for  me."  And  yet  amazingly 
proud  was  the  maccaroni  of  his  pur- 
chase, recording  two  days  afterwards 
that  he  had  been  "  to  church,  and  with 
my  mourning,  very  handsome,  and  new 
perriwig,  made  a  great  show." 

Doubtless  under  James  II.  his  perri- 
wigged  pate  made  a  still  greater  show, 
for  then  had  wigs  become  stupendous 
in  their  architecture.  The  beaux  who 
stood  beneath  them  carried  exquisite 
combs  in  their  ample  pockets,  with 
which,  whether  in  the  Mall,  at  the 


1853.] 


A  Word  upon  Wigs. 


375 


rout,  in  the  private  box,  or  engaged 
in  the  laborious  work  of  "TwoAiwg^Tove," 
they  ever  and  anon  combed  their  pe- 
rukes, and  rendered  themselves  ir- 
resistible. Wisdom  was  even  then 
thought  to  be  under  the  wig.  "  A  full 
wig,"  says  Farquhar  in  his  "  Love  and 
a  Bottle,"  (1698)  "is  as  infallible  a 
token  of  wit  as  the  laurel," — an  asser- 
tion which  I  should  never  think  of 
disputing.  Tillotson  is  the  first  of  our 
clergy  represented  in  a  wig,  and  that 
a  mere  substitute  for  the  natural  head 
of  hair.  "  I  can  remember,"  he  says 
in  one  of  his  sermons,  "  since  the  wear- 
ing of  the  hair  below  the  ears  was 
looked  upon  as  a  sin  of  the  first  mag- 
nitude, and  when  ministers  generally, 
whatever  their  text  was,  did  either 
find,  or  make  occasion,  to  reprove  the 
great  sin  of  long  hair ;  and  if  they  saw 
any  one  in  the  congregation  guilty  in 
that  kind,  they  would  [)oint  him  out 
particularly,  and  let  Jly  at  him  with 
great  zeal." 

The  victory  at  Kamilies  introduced 
the  Kamilies  wig,  with  its  peculiar 
gradually  diminishing  plaited  tail,  and 
tie  consisting  of  a  great  bow  at  top 
and  a  smaller  one  at  the  bottom. 
This  wig  survived  till  the  reign  of 
George  III.  The  maccaronis  of  1729 
wore  a  "macaw-like  toupee  and  a 
portentous  tail."  But  when  the  French 
Revolution  came  in  contact  with  any 
system — from  the  Germanic  empire  to 
perukes — that  system  perished  in  the 
collision.  So  perriwigs  ceased,  like  the 
dynasty  of  the  Doges  of  Venice  ;  and 
all  that  remains  to  remind  us  of  bygone 
glories  in  the  former  way  is  to  be  found 
m  the  Kamilies  tie,  which  stillclings  to 
court  coats  long  after  wigs  had  fallen 
from  the  head,  never  again  to  rise. 

Lady  Wortley  Montague  makes  a 
severe  remark  in  her  Letters,  less 
against  wigs  indeed,  than  their  wearers. 
She  is  alluding  to  the  alleged  custom 
in  the  East  of  branding  every  convicted 
liar  on  the  forehead ;  and  adds,  that  if 
such  a  custom  prevailed  in  England, 
the  entire  world  of  beaux  here  would 
have  to  pull  their  perriwigs  down  to 
their  eyebrows. 

Tillotson,  as  I  have  noticed  above, 
makes  reference  to  the  opposition  which 
perukes  met  with  from  the  pulpit.  The 
hostility  in  that  quarter  in  England 
was  faint  compared  with  the  fiery  an- 
tagonism which  blazed  in  France.    In 


the  latter  country,  the  privilege  of 
wearing  long  hair  belonged,  at  one 
time,  solely  to  royalty.  Lombard  Bishop 
of  Paris,  m  the  middle  of  the  twelftn 
century,  induced  royalty  not  to  make 
the  privilege  common,  but  to  abolish 
it  altogether.  The  French  monarchs 
wore  their  own  hair  cut  short  until  the 
reign  of  Louis  XIII.  who  was  the  first 
King  of  France  that  wore  a  wig.  To 
the  fashion  set  by  him  is  owing  that 
France  ultimately  became  the  paradise 
of  perruquiers.  In  1660  they  first  ap- 
peared on  the  heads  of  a  few  dandy 
abbes.  As  Ireland  in  Edward  Dwyer 
or  "  Edward  of  the  Wig,"  has  preserved 
the  memory  of  the  first  of  her  sons 
who  took  to  a  perriwig,  so  France  has 
handed  down  the  Abbe  de  la  Riviere, 
who  died  Bishop  of  Langres,  as  the 
ecclesiastical  innovator  on  whose  head 
first  rested  a  wig,  with  all  the  conse- 
([uenceg  of  such  guilty  outrage  of  ca- 
nonical discipline.  The  indignation  of 
strict  churchmen  was  extreme,  and,  as 
the  fashion  began  to  spread  among 
prelates,  canons,  and  cures,  the  Bishop 
of  Toul  sat  himself  down  and  wrote  a 
"  blast"  against  perukes,  the  wearing 
of  which,  he  said,  unchristianised  those 
who  adopted  the  fashion.  It  was  even 
solemnly  announced  that  a  man  had 
better  not  pray  at  all,  than  pray  with 
his  head  so  covered.  No  profanity  was 
intended  when  zealous,  close-cropped, 
and  bare-headed  ecclesiastics  reminded 
their  bewigged  brethren  that  they  were 
bound  to  imitate  Christ  in  all  things, 
and  then  asked  them  if  the  Saviour 
were  likely  to  recognise  a  resemblance 
to  himself  in  a  priest  under  a  wig  I 

Nor  was  this  feeling  confined  to  the 
Romish  Church  in  France.  The  Re- 
formed Church  was  fully  as  determined 
against  the  new  and  detested  fashion. 
Bordeaux  was  in  a  state  of  insurrec- 
tion for  no  other  reason  than  that  the 
Calvinist  pastor  there  had  refused  to 
admit  any  of  his  fiock  in  wigs  to  the 
sacrament.  And  when  Rivius,  Pro- 
testant professor  of  theology  at  Leyden, 
wrote  in  defence  of  peruKes  his  "  Li- 
ber tas  Christiana  circa  Usum  Capil- 
litii  Defensa,"  the  ultra-orthodox  in 
both  churches  turned  upon  him.  The 
Romanists  asked  what  could  be  ex- 
pected from  a  Protestant  but  rank 
heresy ;  and  the  Protestants  disowned 
a  brother  who  defended  a  fashion  that 
had  originated  with  a  Romanist  1  £«di 


376 


A  Word  upon  Wigs. 


[April, 


party  stood  by  the  words  of  Paul  to 
the  Corinthians.  In  vain  did  some  siig- 
gest  that  the  apostolic  injunction  was 
only  local.  The  ultras  would  heed  no 
such  suggestion,  and  would  have  in- 
sisted on  bare  heads  at  both  poles. 
And  yet,  remarked  the  wiggites,  it  is 
common  for  preachers  to  preach  in 
caps.  Aye,  but,  retorted  the  ortho- 
dox, that  is  simply  because  they  are 
then  speaking  only  in  their  own  name. 
Heading  the  gospel,  or  offering  up  the 
adorable  sacrifice,  they  are  speaking  or 
acting  in  the  name  of  the  universal 
Church.  Of  course,  they  added,  there 
are  occasions  when  even  a  priest  may 
be  covered.  If  a  Pope  invented  the 
baret,  a  cure  may  wear  a  cap.  Sylves- 
ter was  the  first  pontiff  who  wore  a 
mitre ;  but  even  that  fashion  became 
abused,  and  in  the  year  1000  a  Pope  was 
seen  with  his  mitre  on  his  head  during 
mass, — a  sight  which  startled  the  faith- 
ful, and  a  fact  which  artists  would 
be  none  the  worse  for  remembering. 
After  that  period,  bishops  took  to 
them  so  pertinaciously  that  they  hardly 
laid  them  by  on  going  to  bed.  These 
prelates  were  somewhat  scandalised 
when  the  popes  granted  to  certain 
dukes  the  privilege  of  wearing  the 
mitre ;  but  when  the  like  favour  was 
gi'anted  to  abbots  of  a  certain  class, 
the  prelatic  execration  was  uttered 
with  a  jealous  warmth  that  was  per- 
fectly astounding.  When  the  moderns 
brought  the  question  back  to  its  simple 
principles,  and  asked  the  sticklers  for 
old  customs  if  wigs  were  not  as  harm- 
less as  mitres,  they  were  treated  with 
as  scant  courtesy  as  Mr.  Gorham  or 
the  Lord  Primate  is  in  the  habit  of  ex- 
periencing at  the  hands  of  a  medieval 
bisliop.  If,  it  was  said,  a  priest  must 
even  take  off  his  adotte  in  presence  of 
a  king  or  pope,  how  may  he  dare  to 
wear  a  wig  before  God  ?  Richelieu 
was  the  first  ecclesiastic  of  his  rank  in 
France  who  wore  the  modern  calotte^ 
but  I  very  much  doubt  if  he  ever  took 
it  off  in  the  presence  of  Louis  XIII. 
It  is  known,  however,  that  the  French 
king's  ambassador,  ISf.  d'Oppevillc, 
found  much  dilliculty  in  obtainin<j  an 
audience  at  Rome.  He  wore  a  wig  a 
calotte.  The  officials  declared  he  could 
not  be  introduced  unless  he  took  off 
the  calotte.  He  could  not  do  this 
without  takinj^  off  his  wig  also,  as  he 
shewed  the  sticklers  of  court  etiquette, 


and  stood  before  them  with  clean- 
shaven head,  asking,  at  the  same  time, 
"Would  the  pope  desire  to  sec  me 
stand  before  him  in  such  a  plight  as 
this  ?  Whom  do  you  take  me  for  f 
The  pontiff  did  not  yield  the  point 
without  difficulty.  Perhajw  his  Holi- 
ness, had  he  received  the  ambassador 
under  bare  poll,  would  have  graciously 
served  him  as  a  predecessor  had  seryed 
the  Irish  saint  Malachi — ^put  his  pon- 
tifical tiara  on  the  good  man's  head,  to 
prevent  him  from  catching  cold ! 

But  of  all  the  tilters  f^ainst  wigs 
none  was  so  serious  and  chivalresqae 
as  "  Jean  Baptiste  Thiers,  docteur  en 
theologie  et  cur6  "  (that  is,  rtcor,  ac- 
cording to  our  sense  of  the  word,)  of 
Champrond.  Dr.  Thiers,  in  the  year 
1690,  wrote  a  book  of  some  six  hundred 
pages  against  the  wearing  of  wigs  by 
ecclesiastics.  He  published  the  same 
"aux  depens  de  lauteur,"  and  high 
authority  pronounced  it  conformable 
in  every  respect  to  the  "  Koman,  Ca- 
tholic, and  Apostolic  Church."  Dr. 
Thiers  wrote  a  brief  preface  to  his 
long  work,  in  which  he  invokes  an 
abundant  visitation  of  divine  peace  and 
grace  on  those  who  read  his  volume 
with  tranquillity  of  mind,  and  who 
prefer  truth  to  fashion.  The  invoca- 
tion, I  fear,  is  made  in  vain,  for  the 
tediousness  of  the  author  slays  all 
tranquillity  of  spirit  on  the  part  of  the 
reader,  who  cannot,  however,  refrain 
from  smiling  at  seeing  the  very  exist- 
ence of  Christianity  made  to  depend 
upon  the  question  of  perukes.  The 
book  is  a  dull  book;  but  the  prevailing 
idea  in  it,  that  it  is  all  over  with  re- 
ligion if  perukes  be  not  abolished,  is 
one  that  might  compel  a  cynic  to  in- 
ex tinguishable  laughter.  Yes,  says  the 
doctor,  the  origin  of  the  tonsure  is  to 
be  found  in  the  cutting  of  Peter's  hair 
by  the  Gentiles  to  make  him  ridiculous 
— therefore^  he  who  hides  the  tonsure 
beneath  a  peruke  insults  the  prince  of 
the  apostles !  a  species  of  reasoning 
anything  comparable  with  which  is 
probably  not  to  be  found  in  that  book 
which  Rome  has  honoured  by  con- 
demning— Whateley*s  Logic. 

The  volume,  however,  affords  evi- 
dence of  the  intense  excitement  raised 
in  France  by  the  discussion  of  the 
bearing  of  wigs  on  Christianity.  For 
a  season  the  ({uestion  in  some  degree 
resembled,  in  its  treatment  at  lewt. 


18ij30 


The  Income  Tcu, 


^M7 


tbut  of  brtptl^jmul  regeneration  as  now 
trciitfcl  aijiong  ourselves.  Nn  pri mi- 
ll vcly- mi  mki]  preliitc  would  license  a 
cure  who  professed  neutrality  on  tlie 
matter  of  wigs.  Tbe  wearers  of  tbe^e 
were  often  turned  out  of  their  bene- 
licciit  ^nd  then  they  were  welcomed  in 
other  dioceses  by  bishops  who  were 
beterodoxly  mven  to  the  nmndane 
comfort  of  wiggery.  Terrible  aeencs 
took  place  in  vea tries  between  wigs^ed 
priests  ready  to  repair  to  the  altar, 
and  their  brctlu'en  or  superiors,  who 
sought  to  prevent  them.  Chapters 
susfwnded  such  priests  from  place  and 
profit,  parliament  broke  the  suspension, 
and  chapters  renewed  the  interdict. 
Decree  was  abolished  by  counter  de- 
cree, and  the  whole  Church  was  split 
in  twain  by  the  contending  parties, 
Louis  XIV,  took  the  conseiTative  side 
of  tbe  f|ue5tinu  ho  far  as  it  regarded 
ecclesiastics,  and  the  Archbishop  of 
Ubeinis  fondly  thought  he  bad  clearly 
settled  the  dispute  by  decreeing  that 
wigs  might  or  might  not  be  worn,  ac* 
cording  to  circumstances.  They  were 
allowed  to  the  infirm  and  the  aged, 
but  never  at  the  altar.  One  coiise- 
(juencc  was  that  many  priestsj  on  ap- 
proaching the  altiir  used  to  take  otl 
their  perukes^  and  deposit  them  in 
the  hands  of  uotstries,  under  protest  1 
Such  ii  talk  about  heads  bad  not  kept 
a  whole  city  in  confusion  since  the 
days  wlierem  S(.  Fructuaru^,  Bishop 
ot"  Br;iga,  decreed  the  penalty  of  en- 
tirely shaven  crowns  against  all  the 
monks  of  that  city  caught  in  the  fact 
of  kbsiDg  any  of  its  maidens. 


nders  could  not  see  in  the  wig  the 
uses  discerned  by  Cunilicrland,  who 
saysj  in  hh  *^  Choleric  Man,'*  **  Believe 
me,  there  is  much  good  sense  in  old 
distinctions.  When  the  hiw  lays  down 
its  full-bottomed  perriwig,  you  will 
find  less  wisdom  in  balil  pates  than  you 
are  aware  of»"  The  Cure  of  Cham- 
prond  says  tbut  the  French  prieattf, 
who  spent  their  thirty  or  fort)^  pistoles 
yeiirly  in  wigs,  were  so  Irreligious  that 
they  kept  their  best  wig  for  the  world, 
and  their  oldest  for  God, — wearhig  the 
first  in  drawing-rooms,  and  the  latt4?-r 
at  church.  This  was  certainly  less  in- 
genious than  in  the  case  of  the  man 
celebrated  in  the  '*  Connoisseur,**  wlm 
having  but  one  peruke  made  it  pass 
for  two;  *"!!  was  naturally  a  kind  of 
tlowing  bob,  but,  by  the  occ4isional  ad- 
dition of  two  tails,  it  ^metimes  pnssed 
as  a  major." 

In  France,  wi^^s  ended  by  assuming 
the  appcarence  ol  nature.  IntbcKeign 
of  Terror^  the  modish  blonde  pernkes 
worn  by  females  were  made  of  hair 
purchased  from  the  executioner,  of 
whom  old  bulics  bought  the  curls  which 
had  clustered  about  the  young  necks 
that  hml  been  severed  by  the  knife  of 
Samson.*  But  after  this  the  fashion 
ceased  among  women,  as  it  had  already 
done  among  men,  beginning  to  do  so 
with  the  latter  when  hranklin  appeared 
in  hia  own  hair,  and  uimowdered,  at 
the  court  of  Louis  XVL — and  fi*om 
that  period  wigs  have  belonged  oidy 
to  history* 

John  Dosa». 


THE  INCOME  TAX, 


First  and  Second  Report  on  Property  Rnd 
Commons  to 

ALAN  KIND  has  not  yet  bo  fiir  ad- 
vanced in  civilisation  as  to  endure 
with  perfect  ei|uanimity  the  visits  and 
demands  of  the  tajsgatherer.  Much 
"  ignorant  impatience  of  taxation,"  to 
use  the  somewhat  harsh  expression  of 
the  Tory  statesman,  still  exists ;  nor, 
so  far  as  wc  can  see,  is  it  likely  for 
some  time  to  bo  entirely  banished. 


Ordered  hy  the  House  of 


Income  Tax. 
be  printed* 

Still  less  can  a  readiness  bo  expected 
to  exist  in  facilitating  the  operations 
of  that  disagreeable  functionary,  and 
the  reluctant  taxpayer  feels  doubly 
the  infiiction  when  he  is  required  to 
prepare  with  bis  own  hands  the  instru- 
ments of  execution.  Hence  arisen  much 
of  the  unpopularity  of  the  Income  Tax. 
AU  feel  a  certain  soreness  ai  haying  to 


*  See  Filia  Dolorosa ;  or,  Memoirft  of  the  DucheBS  of  Aogoulemei  second  editioni 
page  548,  * 

Gent.  ]Maq.  Vol.  XXXLX.  3  C 


378 


The  Income  Tax. 


[April, 


make  returns :  the  conscientious  feel 
this  aggravated  by  the  reflection  that 
they  bear  a  double  burden  in  conse- 
quence of  the  dishonesty  of  others, 
while  the  dishonest  pay  a  double  pe- 
nalty in  the  consciousness  of  perpe- 
trating an  act  of  meanness,  and  visit 
upon  the  tax  that  accumulated  dislike 
which  it  is  in  the  nature  of  man  to 
bestow  upon  persons  or  objects  which 
he  has  injured  or  defrauded. 

"We  believe  that  it  is  more  from  such 
causes  as  this,  than  from  the  real  or 
imagined  inequalities  of  the  tax,  that 
it  i«  the  object  of  such  general  dislike. 
There  is  a  growing  preference,  in 
theory  at  least,  for  direct  rather  than 
indirect  taxation.  The  vices  of  the 
latter  system  are  daily  more  clearly 
seen  ;  its  interference  with  the  natural 
course  of  trade,  with  the  processes  of 
manuiacture,  and  with  the  employ- 
ment of  the  most  suitable  materials  of 
production,  is  every  day  more  unre- 
servedly allowed;  and  the  admission 
is  forced  from  the  most  reluctant  that 
the  nation  cannot  retrace  the  course  it 
has  entered  upon  j  nay,  those  who  still 
profess  a  doubt  how  far  the  steps  which 
have  been  taken  have  been  wisely 
guided,  appear  most  eager  to  press 
Ibrward  in  the  same  direction,  though 
whether  in  perfect  sincerity,  or  with  a 
reserved  desire  to  prove  it  altogether 
a  false  one,  may  yet  be  <loubted. 

We  do  not  desire  in  these  remarks 
to  infringe  the  wise  limit  of  political 
impartiality  that  Sylvanus  Urban  has 
ever  laid  down  for  himself;  but  we  be- 
lieve that  this  question,  so  important 
in  its  bearings  on  the  history  of  the 
j)ast  and  present,  and  on  the  prospects 
of  the  future,  may  be  viewed  without 
party  bias,  and  discussed  with  the  mo- 
deration and  philosophic  fairness  that 
becomes  his  pages. 

Althougli  the  present  tax,  when  im- 
posed by  Sir  Robert  Peel  in  1842,  was 
to  have  been  merely  temporary,  it  has 
been  since  renewed  from  time  to  time, 
and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  in 
some  form  or  other  it  umst  form  part 
of  our  permanent  system  of  taxation. 
It  becomes  therefore  most  important 
that  its  bearing  should  be  fairly  con- 
sidered, and  \\.%  injustice,  if  any,  re- 
medied. A  Committee  was  accordingly 
appointed  in  1851,  on  the  motion  of  Mr. 
Ilume,  and  the  result  of  its  inquiries 
has  been  published  in  two  thick  octavo 


volumes.  They  are  replete  with  infor- 
mation, and  contain  the  opinions  and 
evidence  of  the  acutest  political  econo- 
mists and  actuaries  of  the  day. 

There  are  two  principal  questions 
to  which  the  attention  of  the  Com- 
mittee was  directed ;  first,  whether  the 
present  limit  of  1502.  should  be  pre- 
served or  altered;  secondly,  whether 
it  is  just  to  charge  all  incomes,  from 
realised  property  or  from  trades  and 
professions,  from  permanent  or  ter- 
minable sources,  at  an  uniform  rate ; 
or,  if  not,  in  what  manner  the  tax 
should  be  assessed. 

With  respect  to  the  first,  there  seems 
little  difference  of  opinion  that  the 
present  limit  is  too  high,  and  seyeral 
witnesses  have  advocated  the  view  that 
there  should  be  no  luuit  at  all,  so  far 
as  the  tax  will  pay  for  the  trouble  of 
collection.  We  arc  disposed  to  coin- 
cide in  this.  The  tax  on  realised  pro- 
perty may  be  collected,  without  mora' 
exi>ensc  than  is  now  incurred,  down  to 
the  smallest  fraction,  and  is  in  fact  in 
almost  all  cases  now  first  collected,  and 
then  returned  to  those  entitled  to  claim 
the  exemption. 

It  would  still  however  be  conrenient 
to  exempt  artisans  and  labourers  re- 
ceiving weekly  wages,  and  persons  de- 
riving income  from  trades  and  pro* 
fcssions  less  than  about  60/.  a  year. 
In  so  doing  we  shall  be  giving  a  bonus* 
not  only  to  these,  but  to  sol  persons 
deriving  incomes  from  trades  as  em- 
ployers of  labour,  at  the  expense  of 
those  possessed  of  realised  property* 
and  it  will  be  well  to  bear  this  in  mixul 
when  we  consider  their  relative  po- 
sitions and  claims. 

The  second  question  is  one  respect- 
ing which  there  is  more  controversy, 
and  on  which  scarcely  two  important 
witnesses  express  the  same  opinion. 
But  without  entering  into  minuter 
shades  of  difference,  the  following  three 
views  will  be  found  to  embrace  the 
principal  opinions  on  the  subject. 

1.  That  the  tax  should  be  made  a 
Property-tax ;  that  the  present  value  of 
all  incomes  should  be  commuted  into 
an  imaginary  capital,  and  the  tax  rated 
on  that  capital,  or,  which  is  the  same 
thinff,  on  the  return  which  it  would 
produce  at  a  ffiven  rate  of  interest. 
(Mr.  Jellicoe,  Mr.  Farr,  Mr.  Neison, 
Mr.  Hardy.) 

2.  That  such  a  capitalisation  would 


1853,] 


The  Incmne  Tax, 


379 


I 
I 


I 


I 


involve  insuperable  difficulties,  and 
would  moreover  not  be  just;  but  that 
a  broad  diBtioctton  may  be  druwtj  be- 
tween incomes  derived  from  realised 
property,  whether  for  a  short  ur  long 
period,  and  precarious  incomes  derived 
from  trade  or  professions^  and  should 
be  recognised  in  the  adoption  of  a 
lower  nitoofduty  in  tUe  latter  case. 
(Mr.  Mill.)  This  view  was  adopted 
by  Mr.  Sotheron,  and  made  the  basis 
of  a  resolution  submitted  to  the  Com- 
mittee, and  it  u  thia  which  has  been 
Bi&ce  proposed  to  be  acted  on  by  the 
late  Chancellor  of  the  Exche([uer. 

3.  That  the  only  just  system  is  that 
now  in  use,  nmncly  to  charge  all  in- 
comes, from  whatever  source,  alike, 
provided  the  Vxx  Ije  permanent,  (Mr. 
Babbage,  Mr.W^arburton,  Mr.  I'resflly ,) 

The  second  view  we  must  at  once 
reject,  notwithstanding  the  formidable 
authorities  to  whom  we  are  opposed. 
Mr,  Mill  rests  his  argument  on  tlie 
uncertainty  of  the  incomes  ol*  trade 
and  professionSf  and  would  make  an 
allowance  for  this,  though  he  refuses 
to  do  so  for  a  certain  limitation  in 
time,  or  even  for  a  limitation  to  the 
life  of  the  possessor.  Now  it  is  evi- 
dent that  this  uncertainty  has  only  the 
same  edect  on  the  value  of  the  income 
as  a  closer  limitation  in  point  of  time 
would  have;  nor  can  we  see  how^  if 
we  allow  a  claim  for  consideration  in 
the  one  case,  we  can  refuse  it  in  the 
other.  Tlie  only  grounds  upon  which 
this  courae  could  be  justified  would  be 
the  practical  difficulties  and  the  oppor- 
tunities) for  fraud  which  would  result 
from  an  attempt  to  carry  out  the  prin- 
ciple in  all  cases. 

In  order  to  arrive  at  a  correct  con- 
clusion on  the  juwtice  of  the  iirrunge- 
ment  recommended  by  Mr.  Farr  and 
the  actuaries,  it  is  necessary  that  we 
should  recognise  the  fundiunental  dif- 
ference between  a  tax  on  Property  and 
a  tax  on  all  Income  including  the  re- 
venue derived  from  property.  The 
principle  of  the  former  is  the  taxation 
of  Capital ;  of  the  latter  the  taxation 
of  the  means  of  expenditure  and  en^ 
ioyment,  We  will  not  assert  tbiit  a 
IVoLierty  Tax  is  one  which  ought  under 
no  circumstances  to  Ije  resorted  to.  fn 
a  time  of  great  national  danger  none 
can  deny  the  right  of  the  State  to  as- 


sume such  a  portion  of  the  wcaltb  of 
tier  chiklren  ajs  niiiy  be  requisite  to 
secure  the  common  safety.  Again, 
should  it  be  deemed  advisable  to  pro- 
vide, within  a  short  period  of  time,  for 
the  satisfaction  of  the  whole  claims  of 
the  national  creditor,  the  funds  for 
sucli  a  purpose  might  be  legitimately 
raised  from  each  contributor  in  pro- 
portion to  his  capital.  Stili,  this  is 
a  tax  which  only  extraordinary  emer- 
gencies or  extraordinary  measures  for 
the  general  good  can  justify.  To  levy 
a  Property-tax  without  such  justifica- 
tion in  ordinary  times  is  an  invasion 
of  the  principles  of  property,  and  to 
repeat  such  a  tax  annutiUy  is  nothing 
less  than  ultimate  confiscation.  And 
this  is  true,  even  though  the  breach 
be  annually  repaired  by  the  process  of 
saviu^, — though  the  tax  be  actually 
paid  troin  the  tucnme  accruing  within 
the  year  to  the  individual  upon  whom 
the  tax  is  laid.  And,  inasmuch  as  a 
c{»mparalively  small  rate  is  at  present 
jiroposed  to  be  taken,  this  could  in 
most  cases  be  done ;  and  the  fact  of 
the  payment  being  thus  made  from  in- 
come would  assist  in  disguising  the  real 
nature  of  the  tax*  We  cannot  but  be- 
lieve that  some  such  reason  hjs  pre- 
vented those  witnesses  who  advocated 
this  course  before  the  Committee  from 
seeing  that  the  real  essence  of  their 
plan  13  conftucation,  and  that  it  differs 
only  in  degree  from  the  wildest  schemes 
of  Socialist  finance. 

In  order  to  avoid  the  iallacies  arising 
from  the  comparatively  limited  scafi 
upon  which  the  appropriation  is  pro* 
posed  to  be  elTected,  let  us  examine 
what  would  be  the  restilt  if,  instead  of 
one  lOOOth,  as  recommended  by  Mr. 
Farr,  30  parts  in  every  thousand,  or 
3  per  cent,  were  annually  taken.  We 
may  suppose  five  persons,  each  with 
an  income  of  1,000/.  a-year»  A  has 
.33,800/,  in  the  funds ;  h  has  landed 
property  worth  25,000/, ;  *  C,  a  lease- 
hold estate  worth  15,000/.;  D,  a  life 
annuity  worth  8,000/. ;  E.  the  good- 
will and  stock  of  a  business  valued  at 
7»000/i:  but  all  producing  the  same 
annual  return  of  1,000/.  Now  the  re- 
sult of  taxing  these  different  peraong 
at  30  per  cent,  upon  the  amount  of 
their  capital  will  be  this : — 


•  See  Mr.  Hardy's  evidence,  4631—4635. 


380 


The  Income  Tax. 


[April, 


A,  whose  capital  is  33,300/.  willpay  999/.  every  year  out  of  1,000/.  income,leaying  him     1/. 

B,  „  25,000/.      „      750/.  „  1,000/.  „  2501. 

C,  „  15,000/.      „      450/.  „  1,000/.  „  5501. 

D,  „  8,000/.      „      240/.  „  1,000/.  „  7601. 

E,  „  7,000/.      „      210/.  „  1,000/.  „  790/. 


So  thatj  while  the  last  has  the  whole 
of  his  income  at  his  disposal,  minus 
only  20  per  cent.,  the  first— the  na- 
tional creditor,  be  it  observed — sees 
the  whole  of  his  property  confiscated 
as  completely  as  if  the  national  debt 
had  been  repudiated,  and  the  landed 
proprietor  retains  only  a  trifling  pit- 
tance from  his  splendid  revenues. 

It  will  be  replied  that  the  tax  is  not 
intended  to  be  applied  on  this  scale. 
To  this  we  answer  that  the  magnitude 
of  the  scale  is  immaterial ;  that  wc  re- 
gard with  suspicion  the  first  steps  in  a 
path  which,  legitimately  followed  out, 
can  lead  to  such  results. 

The  question  of  the  practical  diffi- 
culties involved  fades  into  insignifi- 
cance if  we  recognise  an  injustice  in 
the  principle  intended  to  be  applied. 
These  difiiculties  may  not  be  insur- 
mountable, but  they  must  not  be  under* 
rated.  Among  otner  points,  the  treat- 
ment of  reversions  presents  a  problem 
of  no  little  complexity. 
•  It  is  proposed  by  Mr.  Farr  and  the 
other  advocates  of  capitalisation  to 
charge  to  the  reversioner  that  portion 
of  the  tax  (with  accumulated  interest) 
which  would  be  excused  to  the  present 
holder  for  life  or  a  term  of  years.  In- 
deed such  a  provision  would  be  found 
absolutely  necessary ;  for,  if  the  rever- 
sioner were  not  so  charged,. it  would 
soon  be  found  that  absolute  ownership 
ceased  to  exist,  and  the  greater  part  of 
the  tax  would  be  easily  evaded.  How 
this  might  be  done  can  be  shown  by  a 
simple  example.  A  and  B  each  possess 
33,300/.  stock,  taxed  annually  at  one 


1000th  part,  or  33/.  6«.  A  transfers 
his  stock  to  trustees  to  pay  himself  the 
interest  for  three  years,  and  then  to 
transfer  the  principal  to  B.  B  exe- 
cutes a  similar  trust-deed  in  favour  of 
A.  As  soon  as  that  period  has  expired, 
the  same  process  is  repeated.  The  re- 
sult would  be,  that  each  would  pay  an 
average  tax  of  less  than  2/.  a-year  in- 
stead of  more  than  33/.  For  the  same 
reason  every  parent  would  do  what  is 
done  oflen  at  present  merely  to  avoid 
the  legacy  duty, — that  is,  settle  the 
bulk  of  his  property  upon  his  children, 
reserving  a  life-interest  for  himself, 
and  so  avoid  a  great  part  of  the  tax.* 

Since,  therefore,  it  is  impossible  to 
spare  the  reversioner  without  enturely 
frustrating  the  purpose  of  the  tax,  let 
us  examine  what  its  effect  upon  him 
would  be. 

Let  us  suppose  the  case  of  a  reyer- 
sioner  to  33,300/.  consols  on  the  death 
of  a  person  who  is  20  years  of  age. 
The  value  of  the  life  interest  in  this 
case  is  18,638/.  and  of  the  reversioner 
14,662/.  The  tax  chargeable  on  the 
entire  property  is  33/.  6«.  of  which 
18/.  13«.  falls  to  be  paid  by  the  life- 
holder,  and  14/.  13«.  is  chargeable  to 
the  reversioner ;  but,  accordmg  to  the 
scheme  of  Mr.  Farr,  is  advanced  by 
the  former  and  made  a  charge  on  tlie 
reversionary  interest  in  the  estate.  In 
the  next  year,  inasmuch  as  the  life- 
interest  is  of  less  value,  the  amount 
falling  on  the  owner  of  the  reversion  is 
larger;  and  so  on  in  every  year.  It 
is  not  ncccssarj  to  eo  into  the  details 
of  the  calculation ;  but,  if  the  tenant 


*  With  reference  to  this  subject  we  would  call  attention  to  the  foUowmg  extract  from 
Mr.  Farr's  evidence.     He  says  of  uaborn  reyersioners, 

''  — That  eitreme  case  I  have  not  studied. 

''  5006.  Mr.  Henley.] — It  is  not  an  extreme  case :  it  is  an  event  which  must  happen 
in  every  case  where  there  is  an  entail  ? — 1  should  not  think  it  necessary  to  interfere 
where  the  property  descended  to  the  heir  of  the  present  possessor.  To  give  the  parent 
the  right  of  recovering  a  tax  from  his  children,  to  whom  his  estate  descended  by  law, 
would  be  unnecessary,  if  not  unreasonable." 

But  in  what  way  unreasonable  ?  It  would  be  a  gross  error  to  assume  the  interest  of 
a  tenant  for  life  the  same  as  that  of  tlie  remainder-man,  even  if  the  latter  be  his  child, 
for  he  then  has  probably  other  children  to  provide  for.  But,  in  the  case  of  estates 
entailed  upon  male  issue,  it  often  happens  that  the  persons  designated  to  succeed  the 
tcnnnt  for  Hfu  are  a  totally  different  class  from  those  for  whom  he  would  wish  to  pro- 
vide, ns  will  alwnyA  be  the  case  if  he  have  daughters  and  no  sons. 


18530 


The  Income  Ta^e* 


381 


for  life  should  prove  9.s  long-lived  ad 
rtuiiuitimt^  are  proverbially  said  lo  be, 
it  IS  no  extra va<raiit  supposition  ihut 
lie  mtiy  live  to  the  age  ot  ninety-  Hy 
tliis  time  the  amount  due  by  tbe  re- 
versioner for  arrears  of  property  tax^ 
with  accumubtcd  interest,  wdl  amount 
to  3,950?,,  and  this  before  he  ht^  liene- 
fited  one  IlirLhing  from  the  property* 
The  exbauiJtion  of  the  fund  would  be 
aoraevvhnt  loss  rapid  if  allowance  were 

rmade  in  estimating  the  vnlue  of  the 
reversion  for  the  increasing  liabilities 
towards  the  close  of  the  period,  but  it 
Is  demonstrable  that  if  the  life -holder 
should  survive  lung  enoughj  and  by 
no  meana  to  an  impossible  age,*  the 
accumulated  arrears  of  tax  will  more 
than  swallow  up  the  en  lire  |)roperty* 
and  the  tajt-collector  will  have  no  other 
resouree  than  to  seize  the  whole  in 
sutisfiiction  of  tbe  debt.  This,  it  must 
be  remembered,  is  taking  the  i^m  as 
actually  proposed  to  be  levied,  and  at 
r-a  rate  about  equivalent  to  the  present 
"ocome  tax, 

W'e  have  here  by  no  means  taken 
fthe  strongest  cade  that  we  might  put. 
IWe  might  have  taken  tbe  case  of  a 
[reversion    to    a    temporary   annuityi 
land  might  have  shewn  that  in  some 
irery   probabie   instances    the    rever- 
sioner would  find  on  succeeding  to  the 
property  that  it  was  burdened  with  a 
ttebt  to  government  beyond  its  actual 
iTalue,      Some    difficulty   also  would 
liwiao  in  the  case  of  a  revei*sionary  life- 
"  iiterest.     If  the  owner  of  this  interest, 
fm»  often  happens,  never  comes  into 
'  actual  possession  of  the  property,  what 
is  to  become  of  the  debt  which  he  has 
already  incuiTcd  to  Government  ?    It 
cannot  be  charged  on  the  possessor  of 
any  other  interest  in  the  property — 
the  ttctnal  life-holder  by  the  hypothesis 
is  entitled  to  be  relieved  from  it,  and 
other  reversioners  will  have  incun'ed 
their  own  liabilities.     It  is  clear  that 
cither  tbe  Government  must  lose  the 
amount,  or  a  claim  must  be  allowed 
agfttiuit  the  general  citato  of  Iho  de- 
ceasicd  for  an  accumulated  Property 
Tax  upon  a  reversion  which  has  never 
fallen  in ;  the  latter,  wliich  would  be 
just  according  to  the  theory,  is  actually 
so  manifestly  unjust  a^  to  amount  to  a 


dcraonstation  of  tbe  injustice  of  the 
whole  acbenic. 

To  resume  our  argument  in  a  few 
words — either  tbe  reversioner  must  be 
taxed  and  an  injustice  so  done  to  him, 
or  the  Government  must  lose  by  the 
amount  which  tbe  life  or  temporary 
owner  is  excusedj  and  thus  an  induce* 
ment  held  out  to  convert  by  settle- 
ments or  deeds  of  trust  all  absolute 
property  into  property  held  for  a  short 
period. 

Perhaps  it  may  be  said  that  we  have 
been  arguing  against  this  p!an  of  taxa- 
tion by  the  supposition  of  extreme  and 
improbable  cases.  We  do  not  at  all 
admit  their  improbability.  But,  were 
it  so,  we  contend  that  it  is  by  such 
cases  that  the  justice  or  injustice  in- 
volved in  the  principle  of  a  scheme 
can  best  be  tested,  A  plan  which  is 
allowed  even  to  tend  to  the  production 
of  such  tlaffrant  oppressions  and  ab- 
surdities is  Ipso  facto  condemned. 

We  have  not  taken  notice  of  any  of 
the  practical  difficulties  which  stand  in 
the  way  of  the  adoption  of  the  actuaries* 
proposal,  although  tbey  are  admitted 
by  one  of  its  advocates  to  be  such  as 
could  only  be  properly  dealt  with  by 
the  appointment  oi  a  fiscal  court,  com- 
pos etf  of  able  actuaries,  to  travel  curcuit 
as  our  civil  courts  do.f 

We  cannot  help  suspecting  that  these 
projectors  find  an  attraction  in  that 
very  characteristic  of  their  scheme 
which  will  form  an  insuperable  ob- 
stacle to  its  acccfitttnce  by  those  who 
are  not  adepts  in  their  mystery.  None 
but  an  accountant  will  think  it  ad- 
visable to  admit  into  a  law,  which  espe- 
cially retiuirea  to  be  made  intelligible 
to  all,  those  perplexed  calculations 
which  are  involved  in  the  plan  we  have 
been  considerin|j,  These  gentlemen,  in 
entering  tbe  sphere  of  finance,  cannot 
forget  that  they  are  actuaries. 
AlfenuB  vafux,  omnl 

Abjcctti  tn«tnunento  artb  claaodqae  tnbcniit, 

Sutor  erat. 

To  unravel  the  complexities  of  arith- 
metic, and  balance  with  accuracy  the 
proportional  values  of  capital  and  in- 
come, of  possessions  and  reversions,  of 
terminable  and  permanent  revenue,  is 
their  daily  employment ;  and  a  scheme 


*  Ilonry  Jenkioa  lived  to  164  years. 

t  Sec  Mr.  Jcfnuy's  evidence,  5749—5735, 


382 


Paris  afier  Waterloo, 


[April, 


of  taxation  which  involves  the  greatest 
amount  of  such  calculations  is  that 
which  finds  most  favour  with  persons 
who  naturally  feel  that  its  adoption 
would  add  a  lustre  and  a  political  im- 
portance to  their  profession.  We  have 
met  them  on  their  own  ground,  and 
are  glad  to  be  able  to  conclude  that 
the  ^an  now  in  use  is  not  only  more 
simple  and  more  intelligible  to  the 
taxpayer,  but  also  better  grounded  in 
principle  and  equity.  £i  fact,  the 
present  system  does  in  the  simplest 
manner  adjust  the  tax  accurately  to 
the  income  liable  to  it,  and  no  elabo- 
rate contrivance  based  on  the  false 
principle  of  capitalisation  could  ever 
do  so.  A  life-interest  will  pay  for 
life;  an  interest  for  a  term  of  years 
will  pay  for  the  same  term ;  and  an 
income  of  uncertain  amount  for  an 
uncertain  period  will  have  to  pay  on 
the  amount  which  may  actually  be 
realised  for  that  period  during  which 
it  may  be  obtained. 

Still  the  late  investigations  will  not 
be  entirely  useless  in  framing  the  law 
for  the  future  adjustment  of  the  tax, 
and  in  suggesting  some  eciuitable  modi- 
fications of  its  burthens.  With  respect 
to  house-property,  allowance  ought  to 
be  made  for  average  outlay,  for  re- 
pairs and  also  for  untenanted  houses. 
A  more  liberal  allowance  for  deduc- 
tions should  also  be  made  to  persons 
in  trade,  both  with  respect  to  bad 
debts  and  wear  and  tear  of  stock.  We 
cannot  believe  but  that  most  persons 
who  make  to  the  best  of  their  power 
an  honest  and  true  return  to  the  tax, 
make  allowance  for  these  losses  in  cal- 
culating their  income,  yet  we  are  sur- 


prised to  find  that  in  appealed  cases 
such  deductions  are  not  sanctioned. 

More  stringent  remedies  against  fraud 
are  also  required.  We  think  that  an 
additional  per-centage,  say  10  per  cent, 
on  surcharges,  wouM  have  the  effect 
of  producing  more  just  returns,  and 
such  moderate  penalties  rigidly  en- 
forced would  do  more  than  the  exist- 
ence of  a  power  rarely  put  in  practice 
of  inflicting  a  heavier  punishment. 

We  should  not  consider  any  great 
extension  of  the  income  tax  advisable. 
Some  degree  of  hardship  b  inseparable 
from  any  tax,  and  an  attempt  to  lery  a 
very  large  portion  of  the  enormous  reve- 
nue required  by  this  country  by  one 
single  mode  of  taxation  woola  not  only 
enormously  aggravate  those  hardship 
but  would  defeat  its  own  object  It  u 
desirable  too  that  some  resource  should 
be  easily  accessible  for  extraordinary 
emergencies,  and  while  the  tax  remains 
at  its  present  rate  in  peaceful  times 
there  will  always  be  the  resource  avail- 
able in  case  of  war  of  raising  it  to  10  per 
cent,  which,  without  too  severe  a 
pressure,  would  provide  funds  for  a 
defensive  war — the  only  war  in  which 
we  can  legitimately  engage. 

Should  the  suggestions  which  have 
been  made  as  to  the  abolition  of  ex- 
emptions for  realised  property,  and  for 
subjecting  to  the  tax  all  other  incomes 
above  60?.  a-year  be  carried  out,  we 
may  fairly  expect  an  increase  in  the 
productiveness  of  the  tax  to  8,000,0002. 
annuallv.  It  is  unnecessary  to  sa^  how 
well  this  revenue  might  be  appued  to 
the  removal  of  other  taxation  of  an 
objectionable  character. 


PARIS  AFTER  WATERLOO. 

Passages  from  my  Life,  together  with  Memoirs  of  the  Campaigns  of  1814,  1815. 
Baron  Moffliog.     Edited  by  Colonel  Philip  Yorke. 
Paris  after  Waterloo.     By  James  Simpson,  Advocate.     New  Edition. 


By 


THAT  was  a  memorable  time  when 
English  eyes  were  permitted  to  look, 
after  long  exclusion,  on  their  conti- 
nental neighbours  ;  and,  oflen  as  it  has 
been  recurred  to  of  late,  no  apology 
can  be  necessary  for  the  republication 
of  any  volume  which  expresses  in 
■simple  and  forcible?  language  the  im- 


pressions of  our  English  travellers  of 
that  day.  As  one  who  preceded  Mr. 
Simpson  by  a  year  in  his  incursions 
into  the  long  unknown  or  at  least  nn* 
visited  land  says  — 

The  rivalet  is  gliding  as  pleasantlj 
through  that  valley  as  it  does  in  England; 
the  skies  look  cheerfally  down  upon  the 


1853.] 


J^aris  iijttr  iPaBrlSo, 


383 


travellers  with  Itieir  Eoglklx  faces ;  llie 
servants  come  wilh  an  air  of  frankDeas  to 
help  kim  to  alight ;  he  sees  in  the  couatry 
towns  the  common  operations  of  trnde, — 
all  in  motion,  and  preseotitig  aspects  with 
which  he  is  very  familiar.  He  says  to 
him§elf,  **  Can  it  be  the&e  pt?ople  whose 
throats  I  have  been  wishing  to  cut^  ant] 
who  have  been  endeavouring  to  cut  mino 
for  the  last  twenty  years?  What  has  kept 
roe  from  among  them  during  all  that  time  } 
Here  are  the  roads,  here  arc  the  acoom- 
modationsi  here  are  services  for  money, 
and  smiles  for  Dothing.^'  This  feeling,  if 
I  miitnke  not,  caoDot  be  called  Kiily.  It 
ahowB,  In  fact,  bow  unnatural  is  the  state 
of  war;  how  little  the  people  have  to  do 
with  it ;  that  it  is  the  work  uf  an  inte* 
rested  few  to  the  misery  and  destruction 
of  the  many.  I  could  scareeiy  help  ima- 
gining, when  enjoying  myself  in  a  country 
with  which  England  had  so  late^ly  and  for 
»o  lung  a  time  been  in  rancorous  hostilityf 
that  it  bad  been  during  that  time  eu- 
shrouded  and  rendered  formidable  by  the 
vapours  and  storms  of  some  surly  en- 
ohantcri  which  being  suddenly  cleared 
away  by  *'  soft  influence!*,'"  a  fair  and  se- 
rene countenaacc  uncovered  itself  where 
wc  had  before  contemplated  only  darkness 
and  mischief.'*' 

And  if  tbis  was  the  feeling  of  many 
of  those  who  rushed  into  the  long- for- 
bidden land  03  soon  as  its  porttdii  were 
opened,  with  even  a  greater  and  more 
intense  iiopuljse  of  curiosity  did  tbe 
Englishman  pusM  to  Fiirts  ngain  in  the 
following  ycui"  through  tlie  avenue  of 
Waterloo.  National  pride  hsul  risen 
much  in  that  time ;  and  the  hero  of 
heroes  was  our  Wellington.  France, 
whicli  had  come  off  rather  tt»o  woU  in 
1814^  was  now  in  a  position  which  made 
it  fidly  justifiable  for  those  who  had 
protectetl  her  af^ainst  herHelf  to  ^ee  to  it 
timt  she  should  he  assist'ed  even  aguinst 
her  will;  her  purloined  treasures  should 
be  honestly  re&tored,  and  no  more  credit 
taken  for  the  pa^t  than  she  deserved. 
Of  course  there  was  added  exa^peru- 
tiou: — foft  though  candid  men  were 
ready  to  admit  in  IB14  tliai  the  national 
attachment;  to  Bonaparte  was  still 
strong,  all  had  thought  the  work  of  bis 
dethronement  tolerably  secure,  and 
more  ihith  had  been  placed  in  the  rapid 
conversion  of  Marshals  and  Dakes  than 
they  deserved.  And  then,  who  could 
pass  aver  Waterloo  without  cursing 
.  tbe  selfish  ambition  of  Hini  who  baa 


"^  Visit  to  Paris  In  1B14»  by  John  Scott,      f  Paris  Revisitedp  by  John  Scott^  p.  202. 


sacrificed  the  dower  of  the  French 
army,  and  thousands  of  the  soldiery  of 
other  land&i,  U-y  bis  ^Mission  for  empire  ? 
We  have  Rcenwbat  Llie  powerful  writer 
whot*e  words  we  have  quoted  felt  on 
bis  entrance  into  France  the  preceding 
year ;  let  us  hear  a  few  more  of  his  re- 
lleetiond  tbe  following  season  : 

The  first  visit  to  a  field  of  battle  (aayg 
he)  made  by  one  totally  luiaccustomed  to 
scenes  of  this  description,  throws  him  per- 
haps more  out  of  his  ordinary  habits  of 
mind  than  any  other  concei?able  novelty 
would.  He  is  now  about  to  see  what  it 
was  not  very  likely  he  ever  should  see, 
auch  places  being  amch  out  of  the  course 
of  the  inhabitants  of  those  inlands  at  least. 
The  great  cause  of  excitement,  howevert 
lies  in  his  being  on  the  point  of  converting 
into  n  visible  reality  what  had  previously 
existed  in  bis  mind  only  as  a  shadowy, 
uncertain^  but  awful  fancy.  .  «  There 
ia  something  in  unexpected  simplicity  of 
appearance,  and  an  unassuming  aspect 
when  contrasted  with  prodigious  actions, 
which  is  on  the  whole  more  touching  than 
*' visible  gorgons  and  chimeras  dire/' 
In  this  wi^,  certainly,  I  was  struck  by  the 
plain  of  Waterluo.  No  display,  I  think, 
of  carmine,  violence,  or  devastation  eonld 
have  had  so  pathetic  an  effect  as  Che  quiet 
orderly  look  of  its  fields  brightened  with 
the  sunahine,  but  thickly  strewed  with 
little  heapii  of  upturned  earth  which  do 
sunshine  could  brighteiu  On  these  tbe 
eye  instantly  fellj  and  the  heart,  having 
biit  a  slight  call  made  upon  it  from  with- 
out, pronounced  with  more  solemnity  to 
itself  the  dreadful  thing  that  lay  below, 
scarcely  covered  with  a  Bpriokhng  of  mould. 
On  a  closer  inspection  the  ravages  of  the 
strife  were  very  apparent ;  but  not  aU 
theae  harsh  features  of  the  contest  had, 
to  my  mind  at  least,  so  direct  and  irresis- 
tible an  oppeal,  as  the  earthy  hillocka 
whieh  tripped  up  the  step  in  crossing  a 
hedge- row,  clearing  a  fence,  or  winding 
along  among  the  grass  that  overshadowed 
a  secluded  pathway.f 

Mr.  Simp9on*8  Paris  after  Waterloo 
is  a  volume  which,  at  tbe  time  it  came 
out,  excited  a  strong  interest.  He 
was  the  lin$t  EnglishmiLn  indeed,  we 
believe^  who  described  tbe  great  field 
nnd  tbe  battle  in  an  authorly  manner, 
and  bis  narrative  had  a  large  Bfde^  and 

fafised  quickly  through  nine  editions. 
t  was,  we  have  always  thought,  inferior 
to  that  of  the  lamented  Eaitor  of  tbe 
ChampioD,  John  Scott,  from  whose 
two  volmuea,  the  one  of  1 8 14,  the  other 


384 


Paris  after  Waterloo. 


[April, 


of  1 815,  the  extracts  we  bave  made  are 
taken.* 

Mr.  Simpson,  who  had  some  oppor- 
tunities of  observation  not  enjoyed  by 
Mr.  Scott,  has  given  the  results  in  a 
level  and  correct  narrative,  without 
much  of  enthusiasm,  nor,  as  it  strikes 
us,  penetration .  He  seems  to  have  been 
unable  to  give  credit  to  the  French, 
even  to  the  French  army,  forpersonal 
affection  towards  their  late  Emperor. 
Visiting  the  hospitals  at  Brussels,  hear- 
ing the  latest  cry  of  the  dying,  *'  Vive 
I'Kmpereur!"  seeing  the  great  heroism 
with  which  one  of  these  poor  men  under- 
went the  extraction  of  a  ball  from  the 
aide,  only  exclaiming  "An  inch  deeper 
and  you'll  find  the  Emperor,"  Mr. 
Simpson  can  find  no  wiser,  nobler,  or 
better  conclusion  than  this — that  "  the 
mortified  Frenchmen  were  preaching 
themselves  as  much  as  their  idol :"  and 
"  that  the  Emperor  was  too  well  known, 
even  at  the  effulgence  of  his  power, 
ever  to  be  personally  beloved !  *  The 
publication  of  numerous  memoirs  since 
that  time  has  amply  confirmed  the 
more  sagacious  remark  of  Mr.  Scott, 
"  That  the  largest  part  of  the  mass  of 
public  opinion  m  France  was,  from  one 
cause  or  another,  in  favour  of  Bona- 
parte. Their  ailections  were  his.  If  ever 
the  French  have  shewn  constancy  it  was 
in  his  favour."  From  the  rough  Junot, 
who  absolutely  whimpers  like  a  love- 
sick girl  when  he  thinks  he  has  lost  some- 
thing in  his  old  comrade's  regard,  to  the 
soldier  perishing  in  the  ranks  with  his 
Emperor's  name  last  on  his  lips — from 
those  whom  his  selfishness  and  brutality 
might,  one  would  have  thought,  have 
wholly  alienated,  we  yet  hear  of  the 
witchery  and  charm  that  dwelt  in 
Bonaparte.     We  simply  state  it  as  a 


fact,  not  to  be  gainsaid,  undedhring  all 
the  statements  of  interested  Bourbcm 
writers.  With  regard  to  any  evidence 
it  brings  of  that  long-successful  man*8 
moral  worth,  we  estimate  this  at  an  ex- 
ceedingly low  rate.  It  had  no  founda- 
tion in  principle,  and  was  oflen  aYOwed 
by  the  very  persons  who  had  joat  par- 
ticularised instances  of  conduct  de- 
serving of  the  keenest  reprobation. 
Weariness  of  anarchy  and  the  hope  of 
something  stable,  originally  might,  in- 
deed, procure  for  his  rule  favour  from 
many  calm  judges,  who  likewise  saw, 
or  fancied  they  saw,  traits  of  character 
in  Napoleon  fitting  him  to  be  a  just  as 
well  as  able  ruler.  But  these  were  not 
the  men  who  could  long  retain  such 
impressions.  The  genuine  children  of 
the  empire  meanwhde  had  a  gncvously 
low  training.  Interest,  vanity,  un- 
truthfulness, military  ardour,  an  appeal 
to  all  the  national  frailties  and  to  none 
of  the  national  good  qualities — these 
were  the  moving  springs  of  the  Napo- 
leon government,  and  to  this  hour  the 
people  feel  its  effects  inwardly  as  well 
as  outwardly.  The  negative  injuries 
done  by  Bonaparte  to  the  men  (rf 
France  were,  in  fact,  as  great  as  those 
of  a  more  positive  kind.  He  trained 
his  subjects  to  keep  as  far  as  possible 
aloof  from  governmental  (luestions. 
Hence  France  was  deprived  of  all 
wholesome  political  education ;  and  this 
it  was  that,  as  Mr.  Scott  observed,  con- 
stituted the  real  danger  of  the  new  go« 
vernment.  "  An  opposition  must  be  in 
active  and  sanctioned  exercise,"  he  ob- 
serves, *^  draining  off  discontents  and 
impeding  dangerous  abuses,  before  a 
government  can  feel  itself  safe  against 
those  fatal  convulsions,  the  effects  of 
which  on  the  freedom,  morals,  and 


*  Had  this  thinking,  earnest  man  lived  on  some  thirty  years  longer  (he  was  bat 
thirty-seven  when  he  died) — had  the  thread  of  his  life  not  been  severed  on  one  of  those 
occasions  of  duelling  arising  out  of  a  literary  quarrel  which  the  good  sense  of  the 
world  has,  we  hope,  banished — what  a  harvest  of  matured  thought  might  he  have  given 
to  the  world  !  Stern  and  strong  be  was  in  everything.  He  thought  he  had  a  mission 
to  cut  short  the  anonymous  personal  remark,  passing  beyond  the  bounds  of  ordinaij 
fair-dealing  satire,  with  which  a  Magazine  of  that  day  was  rife,  and  he  went  to  work 
not  sparingly,  it  must  be  confessed.  He  called  hard  names,  and  waxed  warmer  as  be 
went  on.  Of  course  he  was  called  to  an  account.  But  the  duel  itself  arose  rather  oat 
of  a  secondary  matter  than  out  of  the  immediate  offence,  and  it  vras  fought  on  the 
Scotch  side  not  by  the  principal  but  by  one  of  his  friends — the  principal  refosing  to 
own  liis  editorship  of  the  obnoxious  periodical  because  he  said  Mr.  Scott  had  no  right 
to  ask  it,  Mr.  Scott  in  return  refusing  to  fight  with  him  without  such  acknowledgment. 
The  awful  consequences  of  the  dispute  may  perhaps  have  done  something  to  ch^k  the 
bitterness  and  asperity  of  our  periodical  literature,  of  which  Mr.  Scott  himself,  however 
great  his  provocation,  was  a  flagrant  though  an  open  and  manful  example^ 
G 


1853.] 


Pnrift  after  Waterloo* 


385 


happiness,  and  general  respectability 
of  tlidt  country  have  been  so  ileplorsv- 
Lie."  Thirty-seven  years  have  elapsed 
since  this  was  writteq — wrb  il.  ever 
more  true  ihm\  now  ? 

We  are  now,  however,  to  i-eler  to  a 
new  authority  on  the  continental  alVairs 
of  1 8 1 4  and  1815.  We  have  no  doubt 
of  its  being  a  reliable  one,  tbough  on  a 
first  examination  the  title-page  seema 
contradictory.  It  purports  to  be, 
"  Passages  from  my  Lite,  together  with 
Memoirs  of  the  Campaij^n  of  1813  and 
1814.  By  Baron  MiLflltng.  Edited, 
with  ihtrmlaction  ami  notes,  bu  CoiofiA 
Philip  IWAe."  Kow  we  have  looked  in 
vain  for  the  promised  editorial  portion. 
There  is,  indeed^  a  short  preflice,  but 
thi0  U  not  by  Colonel  Yoike,  tbough 
claimed  for  "  tlie  editor,"  but  by  Ed- 
wnrd  Baron  von  filiitlliug,  son  of  the 
deceased. 

The  writer  of  the  "Passages  from 
my  Lite"  makes  no  pretensions  to 
author ly  grace,  and  certrunly  a  less 
taking  book  we  have  rarely  handled. 
Nevertheless,  a  few  incidents  of  Baron 
JMilllling's  campaigns  are  well  related, 
and  worth  having,  from  their  soldierly 
earnest nes.5  and  simjpFujity,  Among 
these,  the  account  of  Bonapartc'ts  be- 
baviour  at  Erfurt  is  in  some  decree 
novel,  and  highly  charucteristie.  It  is 
curious  to  see  how,  io  epite  of  all  his 
professions  of  regard  to  the  Emperor 
of  Russia,  he  lost  no  opportunity  of 
bumbling  and  treating  him  as  an  in- 
ferior. On  one  occasion,  when  a  new 
reinforcement  of  French  troops  bad 
arrived,  NarKjleon  went  to  review  them, 
"idlowin^/  it  is  said,  *■■  Alexander  to 
ride  on  his  right  band ;  but  no  sooner 
were  they  in  sight  of  the  troopn  than 
off  Kapoloon  went  full  gallop  along  the 
I  front  of  the  right  wing,  without  tryu- 
I  Wing  himself  about  the  Emperor,  who, 
f  ttiounted  on  one  of  Xapoleon's  horse:*, 
bad  to  rush  after  him  like  an  aide- 
de-camp.'*  The  insolence  of  the  Cor- 
Bican  ruler  was  still  more  unbearable 
in  other  transactions.  He  intimated  to 
the  Grand  Duke  of  Weimar  that  he 
should  like  to  have  the  entertainment 
'  ofsibaUttf,  The  Duke  bowed,  and  only 
I  bjegged  him  to  fix  the  day.  Napoleon  s 
I lide^ de-camp,  Duroc,  was  then  in- 
iimcted  to  send  for  guns,  &c.  from 
Faria;  and  Duroc  added  to  the  bill  of 
iiure  a  dinner  in  Weimar,  a  concert, 
stage  performance,  and  a  ball, — all, 
Gent.  Maq.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


however,  subject  to  Napoleon's  correc- 
tions. A  list  of  names  chosen  by  him- 
self was  handed  to  the  Baron  Mulhing, 
at  that  time  in  otlice  at  Weimar,  and 
a  drawing  of  the  dijiner- table  (semi- 
circuLir,  and  only  the  outside  of  the 
bow  to  be  occupied)^  with  the  seats  of 
each  person  marked,  wfis  also  given 
bim  from  Napoleon. 

This  incoac«ivable  arrogance  (days  the 
Baroa)  seemed  to  me  too  much  to  bear 
jiftticntty.  I  asked  Duroc  whether  it  was 
tlie  intention  af  bis  master  that  he  should 
imite  the  gucists  to  hh  ban([uet  ?  **  No  ; 
the  Duke  waii  to  ht*  $till  the  boBt,  and  the 
cjiieiKtioii  was  only  about  etiquette." 

MuHling  pointed  out  that,  if  so,  no^ 
tiling  could  well  be  worse,  according 
to  Weimar  notions:  the  IVincess  Ca- 
roline was  not  in  her  proper  place, 
and,  worse  still,  neither  the  Duchess 
of  Wurtember^j  Alexander's  relative, 
who  was  staying  at  the  Duchess  of 
Weimar's,  nor  yet  the  Duke  of  Olden- 
burg, were  included.  A  dilFereut 
arrangement  was  then  grante<l  by  Bo- 
naparte, who  gave  the  Duke  of  Olden- 
burg leave  to  be  present,  but  was 
inexorable  about  tiie  Duchess  of  Wur- 
tembergj  and  she,  in  spite  of  all  pro- 
t eat  on  the  part  of  her  real  hosts,  was 
obliged  for  that  day  to  be  indisposed. 
The  battue  took  place,  and  so  did  the 
theatricals ;  but  m  the  former  Napoleon 
is  represented  as  caring  very  little 
Avhether  he  shot  a  marsh ui  or  a  hare ; 
and  as  for  his  selection  of  a  tragedy, 
in  the  whole  range  of  French  litera- 
ture M.  Bliifiling  doubts  if  a  piece  could 
have  been  picked  out  less  adapted  to 
bi3  given  in  lionour  of  a  lady  than  **  La 
Mort  de  Cesar." 

A  time  canjc,  however,  when  Baron 
Mi  idling  was  to  have  his  share  in  bum- 
bling tills  proud  sj)irit.  As  (Quarter- 
master-(jcneral  of  the  Prussian  army  in 
1814  he  contributed,  both  by  counsel 
and  personal  conduct,  to  thetirst  expul- 
sion of  Bonaparte;  and  in  1815,  at  the 
renewal  of  hostilities  occasioned  by  the 
re -appearance  of  **  the  star,"  the  Quar- 
termaster held  a  position  which  kept 
him  constantly  in  communication  with 
the  Duke  of  Wellington  and  Blucber. 
That  he  discharged  his  oflice  well  we 
infer  from  the  Duke's  nouuiiatiou  of 
him  afterwards  to  the  military  govern- 
ment of  Paris  while  it  was  occupied 
by  the  allied  armies* 

Previous  to  taking  this  appointment, 
aD 


386 


Paris  afier  Waterloo. 


[April, 


however,  M.  Muffling  had  a  somewhat 
startling  commission  to  execute.  Mar- 
shal Bmcher  sent  him  one  morning 
with  charge  to  tell  the  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton, "  that,  as  the  Congress  of  Vienna 
had  declared  Napoleon  outlawed,  it 
was  his  intention  to  have  him  shot  when' 
ever  he  caught  him ;  but  still  he  said 
he  wished  to  know  what  the  Duke 
thought  about  the  matter."  One  can 
hardfy  help  smiling  at  the  Duke*s 
"  stare  of  astonishment "  on  receiving 
a  message  intimating  that  his  allies 
meant  to  do  things  in  such  a  guerilla 
fashion ;  but  the  quiet  courtesy  with 
which  he  replied  places  him  in  his 
usual  admirable  position.  "I  wish  my 
friend  and  colleague,"  said  he,  "to  see 
this  matter  in  the  light  I  do :  such  an 
act  would  hand  down  our  names  to 
history  stained  by  a  crime,  and  pos- 
terity would  say  of  us,  that  we  did  not 
deserve  to  be  the  conquerors  of  Na- 
poleon ;  the  more  so,  as  such  a  deed  is 
now  quite  useless  and  can  have  no 
object?'  * 

One  of  Baron  Miifiling's  most  trouble- 
some missions  was  that  of  superintend- 
ing the  removal  of  the  Louvre  pictures, 
statues,  &c.  from  Paris  on  their  return 
to  their  rightful  owners. 

The  presence  of  the  three  sovereigns  in 
Paris  materially  increased  my  difficulties 
(says  he)  in  carrying  on  the  business,  as 
no  Frenchman  was  ever  satisfied  with  my 
decision,  but  always  appealed  to  one  of  the 
three.  The  delivery  of  reports  required 
Id  consequence  demanded  an  expenditure 
of  time  and  powers  to  which  in  the  long 
run  I  was  unequal  with  the  number  of 
officers  allotted  to  me  for  the  labours  of 
government. 

Wearied  with  interferences,  the  Go- 
vernor of  Paris  at  length  resolved  to 
get  rid  of  some  of  the  most  trouble- 
some of  the  interlocutors,  and  first  of 
the  Duchess  de  St.  Leu,  who,  from  her 
influence  among  the  Bonapartists,  was 
a  particular  annoyance  to  the  police. 

I  therefore  (says  M.  Miiffling)  directed 
an  aide-de-camp  to  inform  her  that  I  heard 
she  was  purposing  to  travel  in  Switzerland: 
and,  as  I  made  it  my  special  duty  to  provide 
for  her  safety — as  her  journey  would  take 
her  through  the  quarters  of  the  allied 
armies,  she  would  receive  from  me  the  ne- 
cessary passports  and  directions  for  her 
safety.    Some  hours  later,  her  chamberlain 


made  his  appearance  to  notiiy  to  me  that, 
by  order  of  the  Duchess,  he  had  imlne- 
diately  requested  an  andienoeof  hisMajotj 
the  Emperor  Francis,  who  had  decided 
that  the  Duchess  might  remain  qnietiv  at 
Paris.  I  replied,  that  I  awaited  the  Em- 
peror's orders,  but  that  the  Duchen  had 
done  very  wrong  to  betray  her  secret  and 
mine ;  and  I  asked  whether  he  had  alto 
notified  to  the  Emperor  that,  at  ten  o'clock 
the  following  morning,  the  pott  hones 
with  an  escort  of  four  JmissiaD  nassarsand 
four  French  gens  d'armes,  would  be  at  her 
hotel  accompanied  by  an  aide-de-camp, 
who  would  hand  over  to  her  the  necessary 
passports,  aud  arrange  for  her  departure. 
Thereupon  the  chamberlain  wasdespatdied 
a  second  time  by  the  incensed  Dadiess, 
to  inform  the  Emperor  that  she  was  to  be 
removed  from  Paris  by  force.  The  Em- 
peror inquired,  **  By  whose  orders  ?"  ••  Bj 
order  of  the  militanr  governor.''  "  Then 
I  can  do  nothing,''  was  the  answer  re- 
turned by  the  Emperor  to  the  chamberlam.t 

Poor  Ilortense !  she  had  been  pretty 
well  accustomed  to  obey  the  command 
of  a  prompt  and  resolute  will  during 
the  greater  part  of  her  days ;  but  to  be 
ordered  out  of  the  capitaJ,  where  her 
mother  had  been  Empress,  thus  abruptly 
by  a  Prussian  officer,  was  a  humuUi- 
tion !  She  knew  the  necessitv  of  the 
case,  however,  and,  as  Baron  Miiffljng 
says,  "  departed  punctually ."  We 
have  never  seen  tnis  portion  of  his- 
tory (and  a  very  remarkable  one  it 
is)  so  well  given  as  it  is  by  Mr, 
Scott.  It  exactly  corresponds  in  fact 
with  the  account  of  Baron  Miiffling, 
and,  while  arguing  with  thorough  sound- 
ness the  question  of  the  return  of  the 
pilfered  property,  it  sets  before  as 
most  vividlv  the  shame  and  rage  of  the 
mortified  Parisians,  and  lifts  us  into  a 
kind  of  sympathy  with  them.  AH  this 
part  of  Mr.  Scott's  volume,  and 
especially  the  striking  description  of 
the  removal  of  the  horses  of  Lysippus 
from  the  top  of  the  arch  in  the  Place 
de  Carousel,  though  perfectly  true  to 
fact,  reads  like  romance.  The  list  of 
the  statues,  pictures,  &c.  thus  restored 
to  their  rightful  owners,  if  not  com- 
plete, is,  as  far  as  it  goes,  we  believe 
quite  correct,  and  well  worth  even  now 
referring  to.  With  all  the  charges 
brought  apinst  the  allies  for  insulting 
the  King  m  his  own  capital,  we  really 
do  not  sec  how  the  work  could  have  been 


*  Mttfflmg,  p.  253 ;  see  also  Letters,  pp.  274,  275.  f  Ibid.  p.  268. 


1853.] 


Con'espondence  ofSylvanus  Urban, 


387 


done  with  greater  delicacy.  A  com- 
pany of  English  sappers  and  miners 
undertook  to  get  down  the  beautiful 
horses  from  their  position  in  six  or 
eight  hours,  and  Baron  Muffling,  wish- 
ing to  spare  mortification  to  the  King 
and  his  people,  proposed  its  being  done 
in  the  night,  but  still  thought  it  his 
duty  to  inform  Louis  XVni.  of  his 
intention  through  one  of  his  officers, 
meaning  the  communication  to  be 
strictly  confidential. 

The  King,  greatly  distressed,  peti- 
tioned for  delay ;  but  the  matter  had 
been  long  before  decided,  and  Muffling 
felt  he  ought  not  to  allow  opposition 
to  gather  strength.  The  work  was 
therefore  begun  that  night,  and  might 
have  been  completed,  but  for  the  m- 
terruption  occasioned  by  a  division  of 
the  body  guards,  which  probably  took 
place  without  the  King  s  knowledge. 
Next  morning  the  Baron  privately  re- 
monstrated, expressing,  through  Ge- 
neral Dessoles,  his  regret,  and  intreat- 
ing  the  King  to  give  nil  necessary 
orders  towards  the  prevention  of  like 
interference  the  following  night,  and 
two  battalions  of  the  National  Guards 
were  privately  placed  by  Dessoles  at 
his  disposal.  The  same  and  greater  dis- 
turbance, however,  ensued,  the  people 
themselves  taking  part.  Now,  says 
Baron  Muffling, 

The  National  Guard  might  very  well  be 
employed  against  the  King's  insolent  and 
generally  hated  body-guards,  but  not 
against  the  people;  and  I  therefore  or- 
dered the  work  to  be  immediately  re- 
linquished, and  caused  the  National  Uuard 
to  withdraw.  But  now  the  season  for  for- 
bearance had  expired,  and  any  continuance 
of  moderation  would  have  been  weakness. 
The  following  morning  I  ordered  four 
battalions  of  Austrian  troops,  and  a  divi- 
sion of  cavalry  under  Major-General  Prince 


Bentheim,  to  form  a  square  round  the 
triumphal  arch,  and  removed  the  Venetiaii 
horses  in  open  day.  A  large  mob  collected 
round  the  Palace,  and  a  portion  became 
very  vociferous :  I  had  the  guns  well  loaded 
in  their  presence :  no  one  ventured  to  in- 
terrupt the  work,  and  by  evening  the 
horses  were  in  the  Austrian  barracks.* 

Yes !  it  was  between  seven  and  eight 
in  the  evening  that  Scott,  dining  at  a 
restaurateur^s, 

heard  the  rolling  of  wheels,  the  clatter  of 
cavalry,  and  the  tramp  of  infantry.  A 
number  of  British  were  in  the  room ;  they 
all  rose  and  rushed  to  the  door  ^thout 
hats,  and  carrying  in  their  haste  theh*  white 
table  napkins  in  their  hands.  The  horses 
were  going  past,  in  military  procession, 
lying  on  their  sides  on  separate  cars. 
First  came  cavalry,  then  infantry,  then  a 
car,  and  so  on  till  all  the  four  had  passed. 
The  drums  were  beating  and  the  standards 
went  waving  by.  This  was  the  only  ap- 
pearance of  parade  that  attended  any  of 
the  removals  (occasioned  too,  probably,  by 
the  strong  opposition.)  Three  Frenchmen, 
seeing  the  group  of  English,  came  up  to  us, 
and  began  a  conversation :  they  appealed 
to  us  if  tliis  was  not  shameful.  A  gentle- 
man observed  that  the  horses  were  only 
going  back  to  the  place  from  whence  the 
French  took  them :  if  there  was  a  right  or 
power  for  France,  there  must  be  one  for 
other  states;  but  the  better  way  to  consider 
these  events  was,  as  terminating  the  times 
of  robbery  and  discord.  Two  of  them 
seemed  much  inclined  to  come  round  in- 
stantly to  our  opinion ;  but  one  was  much 
more  consistent.  He  appeared  to  be  an 
officer,  and  was  advanced  beyond  the  middle 
age  of  life.  He  kept  silence  for  a  moment, 
and  then,  with  strong  emphasis,  said,  **  Yoa 
have  left  me  nothing  for  my  children  bat 
hatred  against  England  ;  this  shall  be  mj 
legacy  to  them."  "  Sir,"  it  was  repliea, 
"it  will  do  your  children  no  good  and 
England  no  harm."t 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

Concealont,  or  Discoverers  of  Concealed  Land»— Richard  of  Cirenceiter— Artiflee  of  a  Omdflmned 
^lalefactor  in  tlie  I7th  G^ntiuy— BUUngigate  and  WUttington'a  Conduit ;  BomeUoid. 

CONCEALORS,  OB  DiSCOVIRBBS  OF  CONCKALRD  LaNDB. 

Mr.  Urban, — I  have  some  remarks  to     istence  seems  so  opposed  to  sllonr  present 


oflfer,  and  some  particulars  to  present  to 
the  consideration  of  your  readers,  respect 
ing  this  class  of  persons,  whose  very  ez< 


ideas  of  right  and  justice.  The  suggestion 
made  by  your  correspondent  T.  B.  T.y 
whose  interesting  article  first  drew  atten« 


Maffling,  p.  265. 


t  Soott*s  Paris  Revisited,  pp.  35S,  S53, 


388 


Correspondence  of  Sylvantu  Urban, 


[April, 


tioQ  to  the  subject  (Gent.  Mag.  August, 
1852,  p.  164),  that  **  the  main  occupation 
of  these  men  arose  with  the  dissolution  of 
the  monasteries  and  the  seizure  of  hinds 
for  chantries ''  seems  a  very  probable  one. 
With  regard  to  the  early  mention  of  the 
word  concelamentumt  noticed  as  occurring 
in  Prynne's  **  Aurum  Reginse,"  I  beg  to 
suggest  that  it  most  probably  refers  to 
some  instance  of  escheat  which  had  been 
accidentally  or  otherwise  overlooked  by 
the  king's  officers.  Not  having  the  means 
of  reference  at  hand,  I  am  unable  to  test 
the  suggestion. 

That  such  a  source  was  a  very  probable 
one,  from  which  those  persons  whose  re- 
searches into  defective  titles  enabled  them 
to  become  the  terrors  of  society  might 
have  originally  sprung,  appears  to  me  to 
be  shown  by  many  of  the  operations  of 
the  Court  of  Wards  and  Liveries — a  tri- 
bunal which  was  **  established  by  Statute 
32  Henry  VIII.  cap.  46,  for  the  purpose 
of  '  better  serving '  the  king  with  those 
profits  arising  from  the  accidents  and  inci- 
dents of  the  tenures  in  chief  which  had  so 
long  formed  an  important  branch  of  the 
royal  revenue."  (See  Twelfth  Report  of 
the  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public  Records, 
p.  7.) 

From  many  parts  of  the  Act  (Stat. 
21  Jac.  I.  cap.  2),  *'  Against  Concealors, 
&c.,"  and  also  from  the  fact  of  Letters 
Patent  granting  concealed  lands  being 
issued  out  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  as 
referred  to  by  T.  E.  T.,  and  which  would 
not  relate  to  the  grants  made  by  the  Court 
of  Wards  and  Liveries,  it  is  evident  that 
there  was  a  class  of  **  concealors"  whose 
operations  were  not  confined  to  the  cases 
coming  within  the  jurisdiction  of  that  last 
named  court.  And  their  existence  at  a 
period  subsequent  to  the  extinction  of  that 
court  is  shown  by  your  correspondent 
J.  G.  N.  (Gent.  Mag.  November  1852, 
p.  439). 

To  some  of  the  cases  of  "  concealment," 
especially  arising  out  of  the  working  of 
the  Court  of  Words  and  Liveries,  I  beg 
now  to  direct  your  notice.  The  opera- 
tions of  that  court  must  have  produced  a 
state  of  things  hard  indeed  to  be  borne, 
when  even  the]  loyalty  of  the  Restoration 
Parliament  decided  it  to  **  have  been  more 
burthensome,  grievous,  and  prejudicial  to 
the  kingdom  than  beneficial  to  the  king.** 
(Preamble  to  Stat.  12  Car.  II.  cap.  24.) 

It  is  not  however  my  present  intention 
to  enter  generally  upon  the  merits  of  the 
Court  in  question,  though  the  subject  de- 
serves a  much  fuller  examination  than  it 
has  yet  received.  In  the  Record  Report 
previously  referred  to,  a  short  summary 
of  its  progress  is  given.  It  will  there 
be  seen  how  the  instructions  given  by  King 


James  I.  gave  ample  scope  for  the  inge- 
nuity of  the  council  of  that  court  to  be 
employed  in  increasing  the  king's  profits 
from  that  source. 

As  to  ''  concealors  "  in  particular,  the 
following  extract  from  the  preamble  to 
the  instructions  given  to  Robert  Earl  of 
Salisbury  on  his  appointment  as  Master 
of  the  Court  of  Wards  and  Ltyeries  in  the 
eighth  year  of  James  L,  taken  from  the 
Privy  Signet  Bill,  shews  how  persons  so 
engaged  were  encouraged. 

**  Nevertheless  we  are  pleased  and  con- 
tented that  if  any  wardship,  teasse  of  land, 
mesne  rates  and  other  profits,  now  be  or 
hereafter  be  concealed  from  us,  or  no  snite 
be  made  for  the  same  within  a  year  of  the 
tenant's  death,  or  the  finding  of  the  oiBoe 
be  unnecessarily  protracted,  the  master 
may  admit  any  fit  person  that  shall  make 
offer  to  discover  our  right  soe  concealed, 
or  sought  to  be  concealed  or  suppressed, 
&c.,  and  to  passe  the  said  wardship  or 
other  profit  to  him  without  restraining  or 
binding  t^e  said  court  or  the  parties  pro- 
secuting to  the  directions  above  mentioned; 
but  that  the  master  of  the  court  may, 
according  to  the  parties  travell,  expences, 
adventure,  and  service  done  unto  us,  re- 
ward him  by  grant  of  such  wardship,  &o. 
in  such  sort  as  others  may  be  encouraged 
to  employ  themselves  in  the  like  service, 
and  all  devices  and  practices  to  deceire  as 
of  our  due  and  just  right  be  better  pre-  * 
vented,  anything  in  these  our  instructions 
to  the  contrary  notwithstanding." 

The  **  office  *'  here  mentioned  is  the  im- 
portant document  Inqumiio  post  nutritm^ 
upon  which  all  the  future  proceedings  were 
grounded,  and  by  means  of  which,  when 
once  settled,  no  question  could  be  raised 
in  opposition  to  a  tenure  found  for  the 
king.  If  the  jury  seemed  disposed  to  find 
by  their  "office**  a  tenure  agtUnei  the 
king,  and  thus  release  the  heir  from  the 
extortionate  payments  into  which  the  in- 
cidents of  military  service  were  then  com- 
pounded, the  presiding  officer  a^jonmed 
the  inquiry,  certified  the  court  of  his  fSears, 
and  if  the  jury  could  not  be  otherwise 
moved,  more  pliant  individuals  were  sub- 
stituted upon  some  pretence  or  other. 
Where  the  case  seemed  clear  against  the 
king's  claim,  an  obstacle  was  maide  by  an 
order  that  "  no  verdict  may  be  taken 
within  the  yeare  against  his  Majestic" 
without  the  consent  of  the  court. 

The  instructions  given  by  letters  patent 
in  the  12th  year  of  James  L  (Rot.  Pat. 
pars  7),  appear  clearly  to  point  to  some 
of  the  scandalous  results  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  '*  concealers''  both  present  and 
past.  Giviog  directions  for  care  and  dili- 
gence in  taking  the  "office,''  the  instrnc* 
tious  recite  as  follows  :»- 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  S^lvanus  l/rbeitu 


Bm 


I 


I 


«*  Whereai  divers  of  our  loyeingc  aub- 
jectes  and  tbe  6ubjecte&  of  our  noble  pro- 
geoitoars  have  been  turneil  out  of  posses- 
sion as  well  of  their  house*,  lands,  tene- 
loetita,  aod  hereditameuts,  leasi^s,  ^ooJes, 
and  chattels,  us  of  I  be  custodyc  of  their 
diildren  and  kindred,  by  pretence  of 
secret  inquisitioiiB  found  before  sheriffes, 
escheators,  ond  commisBioners,  on  sur- 
royee  of  tytlc  for  U8  and  our  »aid  progeni- 
tours,  which  neverthelesse,  upon  traverse 
thereunto  made  and  alleged,  and  defences 
of  such  subjectes  heard  and  discoarBed, 
after  greate  and  intolerable  cliargei  losaej^ 
ai}d  trouble  susteined  by  the  parties  whom 
thry  conceme,  have  proved  to  be  without 
iinye  just  gronnde,  aod  to  have  been  pro- 
secuted oiielye  or  chieflye  by  the  subtyll 
practyse  of  uoder-she rifles »  feodaries,  and 
escbeators,  or  otherwise,  by  other  persons 
of  grcadye  and  buisye  dispo  sic  ions  for 
vexation  and  for  extorting  composition  j 
and  whereas  there  is  not  yett  provided  by 
the  lawes  of  this  realise  any  sufficient 
reniedye  agayuet  such  secret  offices  and 
loquisicions,  the  la  we  aJi  it  now  standcth 
requirioge  onelye  that  the  said  inquisi- 
cioos  be  taken  in  some  open  places  and 
not  io  private  houses,  which  is  a  remedye 
of  small  or  ooe  effect,  for  that  the  subjectes 
have  noe  mcanes  to  take  notice  or  warn - 
ynge  of  the  tymes  and  syt tinges  of  such 
onr  uiiniBters  or  commissioners,  nor  of  the 
tytles  or  matter  whereon  they  doeprocede- 
to  tbe  end  Lhey  may  come  provided  with 
evidence  and  counceU  for  the  maytcyning 
of  theire  juste  right  and  defence ;  Wee 
therefore,  out  of  our  grace  aod  clemencye, 
are  resolved  to  moderate  and  reduce  the 
atricinea  of  our  royd  prerogative  in  this 
behalf,  and  rather  to  dcferr  the  discovery 
and  findiDg  out  of  our  just  rights,  ike. 
than  that  our  tuHjecta  should  be  vexed 
and  surprised  with  imjust  pretences  and 
molcstatioQS ;  Wee  therefore  will  and  com- 
mand,'* &c.  that  the  writs  for  taking  in- 
quisitions be  publicly  shown  in  court,  and 
the  snbstaoce  entered  in  the  book  of  tbe 
county  clerk  of  the  shire  or  place,  which 
officer  is  also  to  read  the  said  writ  in  pub- 
lie  a  fori  night  before  it  is  put  into  execu* 
lion.  Such  directions^  however,  were  not 
aimed  at  the  existence  of  **  discoverers  of 
concealed  titles/'  only  at  the  regulation  of 
their  proceedings*  In  the  icistructions 
given  to  the  Court  of  Wards  and  Liveries 
upon  the  appointment  of  William  Lord 
Kuollis  and  Viaconnt  Wallingford  to  the 
Mastership  of  the  Court  in  the  sixteenth 
year  of  Jamea  1.  (Rot.  Pat.  para  3),  the 
form  of  an  oath  to  be  taken  by  committctt 
and  leasaees  is  given,  to  the  effect  that 

■  tbey  had  *'not  taken  ony  course  or  used 

■  pmctice  or  combination,  directly  or  indi- 


I 


recllyj  by  self  or  otherSi  to  stay  or  hinder 
prosecution  for  composition  for  the  ward- 
ship of  the  body^  with  intent  such  ward- 
ship come  to  him  by  such  neglect  and  fault 
of  prosecutioiL**  In  other  words,  that 
they  were  not  parties  to  cases  of  **  con- 
cealment," Direction  was  also  given  that 
**  discoverers  of  coneealmenta"  should  be 
rewarded  with  grants.  In  the  twentieth 
year  of  James  I.  full  directions  were  again 
given  for  carrying  on  the  business  of  the 
Cniirt  of  Wards  and  Liveries,  all  having  a 
tendency  to  make  the  operations  of  the 
court  more  onerous  than  ever.  By  the 
25th  regulation,  no  graot  of  wardship  was 
to  be  made  as  a  reward,  '^  except  in  cases 
of  concealment.'*  And  by  tbe  43rd  regu- 
lation, the  Master  of  the  Court  was  directed 
to  admit  tliose  who  oflered  to  discover  cases 
of  '*  concealment/'  I  have  not  been  able 
to  trace  any  directions  for  conducting  the 
business  of  the  Court  of  Wards  alter  the 
twentieth  year  of  James  1.  Up  to  that 
time  tt  is  evident  that  **  cuncealors''  were 
a  recognised  part  of  its  machinery.  Whe- 
ther the  statute  2 1  Jac.  I  was  really  aimed 
at  thnt  portion  of  the  class  I  very  much 
doubt.  So  numerous  must  hare  been  tho 
facilities,  and  so  great  the  temptations,  for 
making  out  cases  of  real  or  pretended 
^*  concealments,''  under  the  intricate  ope- 
rations of  the  Court  of  Wards,  that  most 
probably  '*  discoverers  of  titles*'  were  in- 
separable from  its  action,  and  continued  to 
exist  in  connection  with  it  as  long  as  the 
court  lasted.  In  fact,  1  find  tbe  term  in 
use  up  to  the  very  last  period  of  the  court^a 
continuance,  though  1  cannot  supply  any 
connecting  circumstances..  In  a  book  of 
**  Compositions  for  Wardships,  17-20  Car* 
L"  under  the  year  1(J42,  is  a  case  in  which 
the  usual  directions  are  given  to  some  per* 
sons  desiring  to  compound  i  these  do  not 
seem  to  have  been  acted  upon,  us  there  is 
added  a  memorandum,  dated  21  Nor.  1645, 
to  the  eflect  that  "  Richard  Rawlins  peti- 
tions for  the  same  wardship  as  concealed, 
and  to  be  admitted  to  compound,  and  hath 
direction  to  attend,  Ike*  in  Ester  Termo 
next  with  a  schedule  and  survey." 

The  proceedings  of  the  Court  of  Wards 
and  Liveries  are  unfortunately  very  im- 
perfect, and  do  not  present  facilities  for 
folly  tracing  the  evidence  they  contain 
upon  the  subject  under  consideratiou.  I 
subjoiQ  copies  of  a  few  petitions  from  per- 
sons desiring  grants  of  '^concealmenta  *' 
of  various  kinds.  They  are  all  of  one  year, 
ill  wiiich  stich  applications  seem  to  have 
been  numiTous,  though  prrhaps  not  more 
BO  than  in  other  years.  1 1  will  be  observed 
that  most  of  them  allege  that  a  considerable 
peridd  of  time  had  elapsed  during  wluch 
profits  had  been  **  concealed." 


390 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanui  Urban. 


[April, 


27  die  Novembris,  1620, 
Com*  Dunelm'. 
To  the  right  honorable  the  Maister  of 
his  Majesties  Coart  of  Wardes  and 
Liveries  and  the  councell  of  the 
same. 
The  humble  peticion  of  Richard  Smith- 
8one, 

Humbly  showeth  to  your  honours,  that 
in  Aprill  anno  quarto  Jacobi  Regis,  an 
office  was  founde  before  the  Escheator  in 
the  countie  of  Durham  after  the  death  of 
Ralphe  Carre,  esquire,  whereby  it  was 
founde,  that  he  died  seised  of  certaine  land 
in  that  countie,  holden  of  his  Majestic  in 
capite  by  knights  service,  and  that  William 
Carre  is  his  sonne  and  heire,  and  above 
age.  The  said  office  was  never  returned 
into  this  court,  and  so  no  liveric  sewed, 
whereby  his  Majestie  is  not  satisfied  of  the 
profitts  due  unto  him. 

Prayeth  tliat  he  may  have  a  privie  seale 
to  remove  the  office  hither,  and  thereupon 
to  have  a  lease  of  the  lands  for  defalt  of 
liverie,  and  he  will  submitt  himself  to  the 
order  of  this  honorable  court,  for  his  reward 
therein  in  discovering  the  same. 
(In  a  different  handwriting.) 

Lyvere  concealed  ut  dicitur. 
28  Nov.  1620. 

£o.  die.  Direccion  for  a  pryvie  seale 
to  be  awarded  to  the  Chauncelloor  of 
the  Bishop  of  Dunelm  to  transcript 
the  said  office  to  be  sent  to  the  clerk 
of  the  courte  the  first  syttinge  upon 
composicions  in  Hilarye  Terme  neit 
for  furder  direccion  then  to  be  gyven. 

To  the  right  honorable  Sir  Lyonel 

Cranfeild,  knight,   Master  of  his 

Majesties  Court  of  Wards  and  Ly- 

verics,  and  one  of  his  highnes  most 

honorable  privie  councell,  and  to 

the  rest  of  the  councell  of  the  same 

court. 

The  humble  peticion  of  John  Kinge,  of 

Beckenham,  in  the  countie  of  Kent,  gent. 

Sheweth,  that  whereas  John  Courthopp 

of  Lingfeild,  in  the  countie  of  Surrey,  gent. 

about  ffoure  or  ffive  yeres  since  died  seised 

of  dyvers  landes  in  the  said  countie  of 

Surry,  and  els  where  within  the  realme  of 

England  holden  of  the  kinge  in  capite,  his 

heire  being  then  of  full  age,  after  whose 

death  theire  hath  been  an  office  founde 

against  his  Majestie  whereby  the  lyverie 

and  meane  rates  are  concealed. 

Your  peticioner  humbly  praieth  that  you 
would  be  pleased  tc  conferr  on  him  the  said 
concealed  meane  rates  which  may  growe 
due  to  his  Majestie  by  reason  of  the  con- 
cealed lyverie  as  aforesaid,  and  that  he  may 
have  writts  of  Qu«  plura  and  m«/ttw  in- 
quirendum after  tha  death  of  the  said  John 


Conrthopp,  and  he  will  at  hit  owna  charte 
intitle  his  Miyeatie  thereunto  nnd  praie  for 
his  longe  lyvea  and  happinetie. 
(/n  a  different  htmamriimg,) 

Concealed  mesne  ratea. 
31  October,  1620. 
Eo.  die.    Direction  is  gyren  to  two  aa- 
▼erall  writts  to  finde  thoffioe  and  to 
retume  the  same  with  a  scfaednla  Aa 
third  syttinge  upon  compoiiciotta  in 
Hillarye  Torme  nezte,  and  then  con* 
aideration  shal  be  had  of  the  petichmeb 
(Endorsed)  Mr.  Bedle  draper  in  Fanki 
Churchyard  at  the  signe  of  the  Starr  la- 
quitur. 

To  the  right  honorable  Sir  LyoaaU 
CranfeUd,  knight,  Maister  of  Us 
Majesties  Court  of  Wardea  and 
liveryes,  and  to  the  rest  of  Aa 
connsell  of  the  same  ooort 
Tbehumblepeticion  of  Cnthbevt  Prockter, 
junior, 

Humbly  sheweth  unto  your  honors  that 
the  wardship  of  the  body  and  landea  of  the 
heire  of  Alexander  Heron  Ute  of  Meldoa 
in  the  county  of  Northnmberland,  gent. 
deceassed,  is  and  hatha  bene  conaealad 
from  his  Majestie  these  twenty  yeres  and 
more,  whereby  his  Majestie  is  in  all  likeli^ 
hood  and  wilbe  defrauded  of  the  benefit  of 
the  wardship  of  the  body  and  landea  of 
the  said  warde  and  the  rates  as  well  within 
age  as  of  full  age,  except  the  same  be  made 
manifest  unto  yonr  honors  by  yonr  sup- 
pliants indeavours.  In  consideration  wheiw> 
of  and  of  the  costes  and  charges  that  yow 
suppliant  wilbe  at  to  discover  his  M^jeatiiea 
right  thereto,  and  to  intitle  his  Mijeatia 
by  office  thereto,  so  long  consealled ;  maf 
it  please  your  honors  to  grannt  unto  your 
suppliant  the  preferment  of  the  body  and 
landes  of  the  said  warde,  and  the  ratea  of 
his  lands  within  age  and  of  full  age,  nntiU 
livery  sewed  and  so  long  consealled,  wher^ 
unto  notwithstanding  your  suppliant  hopeth 
sufficiently  to  title  his  M^estie :  and  yovr 
suppliant  shall  dailie  pray,  &c. 
(/n  a  different  handwriting,) 

Concealment  ut  dksitnr. 
Delivered  6  Feb.  1620. 
Eo.  die.   Direccion  to  have  a  writt,  fte. 
to  finde  thoffice  and  to  retume  the 
same  with  a  scheduU  the  4*^  syttinge 
upon  composicions  in  Esstor  Tonne 
nexte,  and  then  consideration  i  ~ 
had  of  the  peticioner. 
(Endorsed)  Cuthbert  Procter 
of  Northumberland  lyethe  at  the  Roae  and 
Crowne  in  Kings  Street  in  Westm'. 

To  the  right  honorable  Sir  lionall 
Craniield,  knight,  Maister  of  Us 
M^ties  Court  of  Wardaa  and 


1853,] 


Co^^e^pondence  of  Sf/lvanus  Urban* 


391 


I 


Li V 'yes,  and  to  the  Cotmoell  of 
the  same  oourte. 
The  humbte  petidon  of  Rloh^d  Bagott, — 
Shewetli,  That  in  June  1619,  tbia  peti* 
doner  WM  a  suitor'  for  the  meane  rates 
due  to  his  Majeatie  for  want  of  livery  after 
the  death  of  Richard  Morris  np  Ov^en, 
who  dyed  20  yeeres  since,  seised  of  certen 
lEindes  in  the  connty  of  Mountgomery, 
held  in  capite,  learing  Morris  Owen  his 
Sonne  and  bejre  of  full  age^  aod  then  had 
a  warrant  and  direction  for  a  writt,  and  to 
attend  with  a  schedule  in  Michaelisias 
Terme  fallowing.  That  the  peticioner  did 
then  take  furth  a  corninisaioQ,  purposing 
speedilie  to  have  intituled  his  Mojeatie  to 
a  llverye.  Bat  hy  reason  of  the  greate 
distance  hence  to  the  said  kndea,  and  the 
commissiooers  having  many  other  occa- 
sioDSf  hee  conld  not  then  procure  the 
commissi  oners  to  ineete  for  the  executfon 
of  the  said  commissioui  htit  they  are  noir 
willing  to  attend  his  Majesties  service 
before  Easter. 

That  in  Michaelmas  Terme,  27  Novem- 
ber, lG19t  John  Bhtyney,  esquire,  being 
neere  allied  to  ttie  said  Morris  Owen,  and 
for  his  oonly  good  and  heolitt,  understand- 
ing your  peticioner  intended  to  discover  a 
tenure,  aud  purposing  to  prevent  your 
peticioner,  exhibited  htspeticion,  and  had 
direction  to  take  out  a  writt  after  the  death 
of  the  said  Richard  Morres^  which  is  the 
said  Richard  Morres  ap  Owen  aforesaid, 
and  had  time  to  attend  with  a  schedule 
untill  the  third  silting  for  composiclons 
in  Easter  Terme,  but  hath  done  nothing 
therein. 

Humbly  prayeth,  That,  foruatnuch  aa 
your  peticioner  was  the  first  discoTerer  of 
the  said  concealed  Uvery,  and  that  before 
hee  petlcioned  the  said  Bkyoey  never 
dealt  therein,  your  honours  will  be  pleased 
to  graunt  him  a  new  commission  and  time 
to  finde  the  said  office  for  his  Majeatie 
until!  Easter  Terme  next,  in  w^^  time  hee 
will  undertake  at  his  owne  chardge  to 
doe  it.  And  in  the  Tncane  tyme  your 
honours  will  be  pleased  to  graunte  a 
■uperBedeas  to  dischardge  the  said  com- 
mUaion  aoe  granted  to  the  laid  Blayney. 
And  yonr  peticioner  shall  ever  pray,  See. 
(In  a  diffcr9Ht  handwriting  J) 

CoQcealed  lyverie  ut  dicitur. 
Delivered  25  November,  1620. 

Eo.  die.  Direction  to  have  a  supersedeas 
anda  newe  commission  to  find  thoffice 
and  to  returne  the  same  with  a  sche- 
dule the  4'^  syttinge  upon  composi- 
cions   in   Hilary  Terme   neite^   and 
then  coDsideracion  shalbe  had  of  the 
peticioner. 
(Endorsed)  Richard  Dunn  of  Holbome, 
iaylor,  neere  Holborne  Barrt,  knowea  the 
peticLonet. 


To  the  right  honorable  Sir  Lyon  ell 
Cranfeild,  k  night,  Maister  of  his  Ma- 
jesties Court  of  Ward es  and  Liveries. 

The  humble  peticion  of  Sir  Charles 
Pleyddl,  knight,  and  Dame  Jane  his  wife, 

Humbly  tibcwinge,  That^  \rhereas  an  in- 
form acion  hath  been  this  terme  exhibited 
into  this  courte  by  the  relacion  of  Sir  John 
Dormer,  knight,  against  the  peticioncrs 
and  against  Sir  John  St.  John,  knight 
and  baronett,  brother  of  jour  suppliant 
Dame  Jane,  to  intltle  his  Majesde  to  the 
wardship  of  Elianor  Atye,  daughter  and 
heire  of  Robert  Atye,  esquire,  deceased, 
and  of  the  peticioner  Dame  Jane,  upon 

Jiretence  as  is  surmised  by  the  said  in- 
'orraation  that  the  said  Robert  Atye,  beinge 
in  prison,  conveyed  the  said  landes  to  the 
smd  Sir  John  St,  John  and  his  beires  in 
trust  for  the  benefitt  of  him  the  said 
Robert  Atye  and  bis  heires,  which  con- 
veyance the  said  Sir  John  St.  John  doth 
juattfie  to  be  made  bond^de,  and  not  in 
trust  as  is  pretended,  so  as  his  Majestie 
cannott  beintitled  to  any  wardship  by  the 
said  suite  of  the  said  Sir  John  Dormer. 

The  pctieionera  having  of  late  had  con- 
ference with  their  learned  connsell,  doe 
now  understand  that  his  Majestic  ought  to 
be  in  titled  to  the  wardship  of  the  said 
Eiianoiir,  and  to  partt  of  the  landes  by 
other  meanea  and  by  another  tUle  then  is 
yet  discovered,  which  the  peticioners  will 
at  their  owne  diarges  undertake  to  find  by 
office  withoute  delaye,  and  to  iutitle  his 
Majesty  to  the  said  wardship  accordinglye. 
It  may  therefore  phrase  your  honour  to 
admitt  the  peticioncrH  to  the  wardship  of 
the  Haid  Elianor,  and  to  grant  bis  Majes- 
ties wrttt  of  mandamus  for  the  findinge  of 
the  iMiid  office.  And  the  said  peticioners, 
as  In  dutie  bound,  will  ever  pray  for  your 
honour's  preservacion. 
(In  another  hamlwriiing*) 

Concealment  ut  dicitur. 
Deliirered  28  Noveml>er,  1(^*20. 

Eo.  die.     Direction  that  the  petioionerti 

and  the  former  peticioner.  Sir  John 

Dormer,  Knight,  shall  attend  the  Uit 

syttinge  upon  composidons  hut  one 

in   Hillary  Terme  neste,  for  fnrder 

direction  theus  to  be  gyven. 

The  remarks  and  directiona  noticed  ■• 

being  in  another  hand  are  written  by  the 

master  of  the  court  himself. 

I  would  submit  to  the  consideration  of 
T.  E.  T.  whether  the  grants  of  the  **  bodies 
and  lands  ^-  of  persons  referred  to  by  him 
might  not  be  explained  by  the  operation 
of  the  Court  of  Wards  to  which  1  hafe 
here  directed  attention,  as  they  appear  to 
me  greatly  to  affect  the  description  he  hai 
given  of  the  effect  of  those  granta.    The 

rticolara  he  boa  promised  will  donbtleat 
valuable.  Tours,  Stc.        J.  B* 


392 


Coi"i'espondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[April, 


R1CHA.RD  OF  CiRBNCESTBB. 


Mr.  Urban, — ^With  reference  to  the 
letter  of  your  correspondent,  on  the  au- 
thenticity of  Richard  of  Cirencester,  which 
appeared  in  the  last  number  of  your  Maga- 
zine, the  following  statement  may  not  be 
uninteresting  to  some  of  your  readers. 

It  is  well  known  that  few  antiquaries 
were  better  acquainted  with  the  subject  of 
Roman  Roads  than  the  late  Sir  Richard 
Hoare.  In  addition  to  much  study,  he 
had  the  advantage  of  personally  tracing 
many  of  them,  and  of  testing  the  accuracy 
of  previous  writers  by  his  own  investiga- 
tion ;  sometimes  alone,  but  frequently  in 
the  company  of  another  proficient,  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Leman  :  and  he  proved  his 
practical  skill  (in  addition  to  minor  ob- 
jects) by  pointing  out  an  iter  previously 
unnoticed  leading  from  Old  Sarum  to 
Uphill,  on  the  Severn. 

Many  years  since,  when  on  a  visit  at 
Stourhead,  I  inquired  of  Sir  Richard  what 
his  opinion  might  be  respecting  the  au- 
thenticity of  the  Itinerary  passing  by  the 
name  of  Richard  of  Cirencester.  He  an- 
swered that  he  had  no  doubt  of  its  being 
an  original  work  ;  and  added  that  he  had 
tested  it  in  a  remarkable  manner  either  in 
Wales  or  on  its  borders,  where,  according 
to  that  document,  a  station  (marked  in  it 


alone)  was  laid  down;  on  the  modem  rotd 
no  such  vestiges  appeared  ;  but  on  aeardi- 
ing  a  wood  in  the  neighbourhood  he  had 
discovered  the  undoubted  remains  of  Red- 
man buildings  and  occupation,  and  at  the 
distance  mentioned  in  the  Iter  from  the 
other  stations  in  the  same  route.  I  modi 
regret  that  I  made  no  memorandum  of 
the  name  of  the  place  when  this  remark- 
able discovery  was  made ;  bat  I  have  no 
doubt  that  the  fact  is  circumBtantially  re- 
corded, if  not  in  the  printed  tours  of  SSr 
Richard  Hoare,  at  least  in  his  private 
journals  now  probably  extant  at  Stour- 
head ;  and  I  shall  be  much  gratified  if 
this  notice  may  lead  to  further  investiga- 
tion. I  have  no  disposition  to  take  a  part 
on  either  side  of  the  present  controversy ; 
but  I  would  suggest  that  it  is  very  im- 
probable that  Bertram,  a  resident  abroad, 
should  have  become  master  of  such  strictly 
local  information  as  your  correspondent 
assumes;  and  that  the  admission  of  snch  a 
variety  of  gratuitous  particulars  as  Us 
case  of  cumulative  evidence  requires,  de- 
mands little  less  amount  of  credulity  than 
that  which  recognises  the  genuineness  of 
this  remarkable  document. 

Yours,  &c.        G.  M. 
Newhotue,  Downton^  March  \4ik. 


Artifice  of  a  Condemned  Malbfactor  in  thb  17th  Cbnturt. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  following  account 
of  a  curious  artifice  attempted  by  a  male- 
factor to  escape  the  extreme  penalty  of 
the  law  is  from  an  old  unpublished  manu- 
script in  my  possession,  entitled  "  Re- 
markable Occurrences  in  Salop. '^  The 
old  heath  is  situated  at  the  northern  ex- 
tremity of  Castle  Foregate,  a  suburb  of  the 
town  of  Shrewsbury,  and  appears  to  have 
been  the  spot  where,  during  a  period  of 
more  than  two  centuries,  persons  con- 
victed of  capital  crimes  in  the  county 
usually  expiated  their  offence.  A  perma- 
nent gallows  stood  there  until  the  year 
1794,  when  the  last  execution  took  place, 
a  new  county  prison  being  then  completed. 
Yours,  &c.       Henry  Pidoeon. 

Shrewsbury t  March  15M,  1853. 

1696.  Saturday,  Oct.  3rd,  was  at  y« 
Old  heath  :  brought  one  Richard  Jonson 
to  bee  hanged,  though  sentenced  16th 
August  at  y*  Assisscs  last  past :  and  in 
order  thereto  made  a  long  cufession  on  the 
ladder,  and  also  begg'd  y'^  vnder  sheriff, 
Mr.  Jon.  Edwards,  y*  hee  may  not  bee 
striptt,  for  y*  hee  bad  an  infirmity,  butt 
to  be  layd  in  his  coffin  in  his  cloathes : 
and  so  he  easily  turned  himselfe  of  y^ 
ladder,  where  hee  hanged  about  halfe  an 
hower,  ye  specktators  marvaileing  hee  was 
7 


nott  dead  in  all  y'  time,  for  they  observed 
him  still  to  heave  up  his  shoulders ;  w*^ 
caused  one  Jo.  Blankley  to  run  up  y* 
ladder,  and  open  his  shirtt  on  his  boeom ; 
when  they  found  hee  had  two  shirtts  on, 
and  under  y"*  att  his  throat  an  iron  hook, 
w*^  had  att  each  end  an  hook,  the  upper 
hook  much  broader  than  y*  lower^  w»  a 
coard  coming  to  his  navell,  and  about  his 
thighes,  and  about  his  midle,  and  over  his 
shoulders,  and  under  his  twisst,  with  a 
towell  wraptt  close  about  it,  y'  it  may  nott 
hurt  him  when  he  hanged  :  the  coard  was 
tyed  over  the  vnder  shirtt,  and  another 
holland  shirtt  was  over  them  all ;  and  his 
periwigg  on,  that  no  one  could  discern  the 
least  of  them;  and  a  crack  or  slitter 3 
quarters  of  a  yard  long  in  y*  coffin,  to  take 
his  breath  out  of ;  and  hee  always  beg^d 
the  sheriff  he  may  be  putt  in  his  coffin  ia 
his  cloathes  and  not  to  be  stript.  Butt 
y'^  hook,  &c.  being  discovered  itt  was 
openly  shewed  to  all  y**  people  and  y* 
coard  y'*  8  yards  long,  and  y*  towell,  &c; 
and  after  he  was  stript  his  2  shirtts  down 
to  his  waist,  and  hanged  downs  righte, 
without  confessing  a  word,  or  declaring 
where  he  was  bom,  or  anything  eUe  at  all 
not  a  word. 

About  12  of  clock  at  nighte,  hee  in  his 
coffin  was  put  into  y*  jaylor's  porch,  w^ 


1853.] 


Curr*!»p*mdence  of  Sf/lvanus  Urban, 


593 


I 


I 


coHt  y*  vnder  shertiT  Is,  to  briiiff  him  to 
y*  goliowBf  where  bee  wns  put  m  a  hole 
and  Ilia  coffin  broke,  aud  bee  luy  above 


ground  deverall  dayes  for  y*  world  to  sec 
it  WHS  bee  y*  wa«  so  exccutedt 


Billingsgate  and  Whittinoton's  Conduit— Rombland. 


Mr.  UrbaSi — 1  send  for  your  perusal 
a  decree  enrolled  in  Chancery,  bearing  date 
the  ,l7tb  lien.  VIII.  which,  as  it  confirms 
and  illustrates  the  following  passage  in 
Stowe/  may  not  be  un^^rateful  to  your 
civic  readers  : — "This  gate  [Billingsgate] 
is  now  more  frequented  than  of  old  time, 
when  the  Queea's-hithe  was  used  as  being 
appointed  by  the  kings  of  this  realm  to  be 
the  special  or  only  port  fur  taking  up  of 
such  kind  of  merchandises  brought  to  this 
city  by  merchants  and  foreigners,  and  the 
drawbridge  of  timber  at  Londion  Bridge 
was  then  to  be  raised  or  drawn  up  for 
passage  of  ships  with  tops  thither/'  The 
decree  dissolves  an  injunction  obtained  by 
the  parishioners  of  St.  Mary  at  Hill|  who 
claimed  title  to  a  portion  of  Billingsgate 
wharf,  which  had  been  called  Rjomeland* 
but  the  Chancellor  decided  against  the  pa- 
rishioaers  upon  the  title  made  out  by  the 
citizens »  viz. — 
Roi,  Judic*  in  Canc\  temp.  Hen.  VIIL 
p.  I,  No.  62. 
"  Memorandum^  that  where  A I  en  Percy, 
clerke  of  the  dmrcii  of  St.  Mary  Hill  in 
London,  and  the  parishioners  of  the  same, 
lately  exhibited  a  bill  of  compleynt  into 
this  court  against  the  mayor  and  cominaltie 
of  the  cilie  of  London  and  George  Medky 
chamberleyne  of  the  seid  citie,  declaring 
by  the  same  that  the  same  late  parsoa  and 
his  predecessoura  tytne  out  of  mind  had 
been  seised  of  and  in  a  mease  and  a  keye 
called  Rom  elands  at  ByUyngesgate,  in 
London,  in  the  right  of  the  aeid  church, 
time  oyt  of  mind,  lo  th^'use  of  llie  seid  pa- 
rialiioners ;  and  that  the  aeid  chamber teyn 
hadflDtred  npon  the  seid  keye  called  Rome- 
land  by  wrong,  and  dayly  interruptyd  the 
aeid  parson  and  parishioners  therof ;  and 
for  that  they  were  not  able  to  trie  the  seid 
matter  with  the  seid  mayor  and  cominaltie 
m  Londoo,  requyred  an  injunction  agenat 
tbe  aeid  mayor  and  cominaltie  and  cham- 
berleyn  that  they  ihould  not  medle  with 
the  possession  ne  the  profctts  therof  until 
the  seid  matter  were  herd  and  determined 
in  this  court :  and  thereupon  obtained  the 
same.  Whereupon  the  said  maior  and  co- 
minaltie and  the  seid  cbamberleyn  made 
aoswere  that  the  said  ground  called  Rome- 
land  was  the  comen  wharfl'c  of  Byllinges* 
gate  belonging  to  the  said  citie,  and  tbeyr 
proper  soyle,  and  no  part  of  the  seid  keye; 
whereupon  they  were  at  issue  :  and  upon 


divers  solempn  heryoga  of  the  seid  matter 
the  seid  complninant  shewed  furthe  a  copie 
of  a  will  made  by  one  John  Cawaton,  of  a 
devjfle  and  bequest  of  o  corner  house,  with 
a  keye  to  the  same  helongynge,  and  did 
affirm  that  the  said  Homeland  was  parccll 
of  the  said  keye,  but  could  ?hswe  no  ci?i- 
denoe  ne  direct  prooffe  that  the  st^id  Rome- 
land  was  any  pareell  of  the  seid  keye;  and 
the  aeid  citizens  did  affirrae  that  the  seid 
Cawston*8  keye  did  ext<;nd  tin  to  the  seid 
Rome  land,  but  tlmt  it  wag  no  pareell 
thereof,  but  were  two  dielinct  thiogcs 
licinge  together,  tli'onc  belonginge  to  the 
seid  cititt  and  th'other  to  the  seid  parson, 
which  Che  seid  compUioant  could  not  re- 
prove ;  Wherefore  it  was  ordered,  thexsiii*'* 
dale  of  October,  the  xxxvij''*  yerc  of  the 
raigne  of  our  sov^aigne  lord  King  Henry 
th 'eight,  that  the  said  compl^ta  should 
bringc  furthe  dedes  and  evidencoa  proving 
theyr  title  to  the  seid  Rom  eland  at  Octahts 
Hiiiarij  then  nest  following,  or  els  a  decree 
to  be  made  for  the  said  defend^'  ageost 
them  concerning  the  seid  Romeland.  And 
Iforasmocbe  as  at  the  seid  daie,  ne  any 
tyme  sythen,  the  aeid  compleiiiants  could 
not  ne  have  not  suffyciently  proved  theyr 
aeid  title,  ne  shewed  any  dedea  or  evydeuce 
of  the  aamei  and  for  that  yt  is  proved  by 
good  witnesses  that  the  chamberleyns  of 
the  seid  citie  for  the  tyme  being  have 
usually  taken  the  profetta  of  the  aeid 
Homeland,  and  repaired  the  same,  as  well 
ID  herdstone  and  clensyng  of  the  same  as 
otherwise ;  and  that  the  tjeid  defendants 
shewed  divers  mutters  in  ohlc  Lyme  making 
mcBcion  of  the  comi'u  wharffe  there  called 
Homeland,  and  that  the  same  was  presented 
by  ixiiij**  wardmote  quests  to  be  the  citiea 
ground ;  antl  that  the  seid  citkens  have 
peusably  enjoyed  a  like  ground  called 
Homeland  at  Queenhithe,  tyme  out  of 
my  ode,  without  interrupcion,  and  have 
taken  a  tulle  and  kept  a  market  bo  the 
[booth]  upon  th'one  of  the  seyd  places 
and  upon  tli'other,  and  have  had  a  bell  in 
the  said  Romelund  at  ByUyngesgate,  td 
riug  to  the  markctt  there,  and  ahiewyd  King 
Henry  the  vj'*'  charter  of  grannte  to  them 
made  of  all  voide  groundes  in  the  seid 
citie ;  and  that  Whittitigton,  sometjme 
mayor  of  London,  made  a  conduyte  upon 
the  seid  Homeland,  called  the  Bosse  of 
ByUyogsgate  \f  and  that  the  aaid  citizens 
ought  to  take  wharfage  there,  and  shewyd 


•  Stowe's  Survay»  tit.  Billingsgate  Ward. 

t  This  is  doubtless  the  Boss  to  which  Stowe  alludes  under  the  same  title,  rix.  **  On 
the  north  side  is  Bosse-alley,  so  called  of  a  bois  of  spring-water  coatinually  running, 
GitNT.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX.  3  E 


^A 


394 


NoteM  of  the  Month. 


[April, 


a  cherto'^  that  if  any  of  theyr  profetts  were 
taken  from  them,  that  then  they  should 
have  allowance  therof  in  the  Exchequer 
upon  the  payment  of  the3rr  ffee  ferme 
wherof  the  same  profetts  are  parcell :  For 
which  causes  and  many  other  moving  thii 
courti  it  is  decreed  by  the  right  hon*ble 
Sir  Thomas  Wriothesley,  of  the  noble  order 
of  the  Garter  knight,  Lord  Wriothesley, 
Lorde  Chancelour  of  England,  by  the  con- 
sent of  the  said  Chauncerye,  that  the  said 


injunction  shall  from  henaforth  be  dia- 
solved,  and  that  the  leid  mayor  and  coml- 
naltie,  and  theyr  succeisoani  from  heni- 
forthe  shall  be  dysmyssed  out  of  the  add 
court  sine  die." 

YouM,  &c.  T.  E.  T. 
[Our  correspondent  has  not  explained 
the  meaning  of  the  term  Romeland,  occiir- 
ring  both  at  Billingsgate  and  al  Qiieen- 
hithe.  Can  any  of  our  readera  point  out 
its  etymology  ? — EdiU,'\ 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

The  Literary  Fund  Society— Printers'  Pension  Society— Statistical  Society— Microecoplcal  Society— 
Koscoe  Centenary  and  tlic  Derby  Mnsoum  at  Liverpool- Bloseanis  of  Porcelain  and  Ca1dnet>Work, 
and  of  tlie  Great  Exhibitiou  of  1851— llie  City  of  London  Library— The  London  Institution— St 
James's  Literary  and  Scientific  Society— Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge— Sdentiflc  Di*- 
tinctions— Dr.  Layard— Scott,  of  Abbotaford— Monument  to  Mr.  G.  R.  Porter— Prixe  Eiuy  on  the 
Ilindu  philosophy— Assyrian  palace  at  Khorsabad— Uoman  tessellated  pavement  at  York — Cofna 
found  at  Wedmore— Brettenham  church,  Norfolk— Pointed  windows  at  Lambeth  and  St.  Mary 
Redcliffe,  Bristol— The  Prince  of  Canino's  Pictures— Tlie  Bowycr  Bible— The  Koh-i-Noor  diamflnil 
—New  York  Crystal  Palace- Will  of  the  Emperor  Na]K)leon  -  Library  of  Dr.  Uawtrey— Hymni  aad 
nomilies  of  Ephracm  S>tus. 

The  Royal  Corporation  of  The  Lite- 
rary Fund  held  its  General  Meeting  for 
the  election  of  officers  on  the  9th  of  March. 
The  conduct  of  this  excellent  institution 
has  recently  been  impugned  by  some  of 
our  literary  contemporaries,  who  have  ar- 
gued that  the  expenses  of  its  managementi 
and  especially  those  attendant  upon  the 
annual  dinner,  are  excessive  in  proportion 
to  the  sums  it  dispenses  in  charity.  A 
review  of  the  affairs  of  the  Society  for  the 
last  fourteen  years  conveys  a  very  different 
impression.  During  that  period  it  is  found 
that  the  income  of  the  Literary  Fund  has 
exceeded  that  of  the  preceding  fourteen 
years  by  7,450/.  14«.  and  that  the  total 
expenditure  has  shewn  an  increase  of 
2,84G/.  3«.  \\d,  so  that  the  increase  of 
income  has  exceeded  the  increase  of 
expenditure  by  4,604/.  10«.  Irf.  It  is 
found  also  that  a  large  proportion  of 
this  excess  is  attributable  to  the  success 
of  the  annual  dinners ;  the  expenses  of 
which, — it  is  hoped  unintentionally, — have 
been  much  misrepresented  by  the  objectors. 
It  is  ascertained  that  the  dinner  of  1851 
produced  a  clear  profit  of  518/.  2«.  Cd.  and 
that  without  the  dinner  the  total  subscrip- 
tions and  donations  of  that  year  were  only 
337/.  16«.  In  the  year  1852  the  profit  on 
the  dinner  was  557/.  16«.  after  charging 
the  dinner  with  its  full  proportion  of  the 
incidental  expenses,  exceeding  two-thirds 
of  their  whole  amount.     During  the  same 


period  the  grants  have  increased  by  3,0791. 
15«.  and  the  investments  from  ordinary 
receipts,  exclusive  of  legacies,  hare  in- 
creased by  1,859/.  \\a,  9d.  It  is  not  to  the 
simple  assembling  of  a  monthly  comoDitteea 
and  its  voting  away  certain  grants,- that  tfaa 
management  of  the  fund  is  confined ;  bat 
the  chief  business,  as  well  as  the  peenliar 
merit  of  the  charity,  consists  in  the  tya* 
tematic  inquiries  into  the  merits  of  ewerj 
case,  the  personal  interview!  with  applU 
cants  (both  at  their  own  residenoea  and  at 
the  house  of  the  Society),  and  the  conduct 
of  a  voluminous  correspondence,  which  oc- 
cupies nearly  the  whole  time  of  the  indefa- 
tigable Secretary,  Mr.  Blewitt.  During  the 
past  year  the  sum  of  1,340/.  has  been  dia- 
pensed  in  forty-nine  grants ;  the  Society^a 
other  expenditure  has  been, — for  rent,  ra* 
pairs,  and  expenses  of  house  209/.  13#.  9^.; 
secretary's  salary  200/. ;  collector  22/.  2r* 
\0d. ;  anniversary  146/.  14«. ;  incidental 
expenses  1^26/.  15«.  lid,  of  which  anai 
88/.  68,  5d,  has  been  chaned  to  the 
dinner  account  in  estimating  the  profit  ni 
the  last  anniversary  as  stat^  above  ;  and 
the  sum  of  203/.  5«.  has  been  added  to  the 
invested  fund.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
receipts  show  a  steady  and  progrenive  in- 
crease, the  rents  amounting  to  S<^  1 8a.  5  A, 
the  dividends  to  869/.  0«.  8d.,  the  aob- 
scriptions  to  305/.,  the  donationa  to  TOOt, 
the  produce  of  dinner  tickets  and  tetM  to 
111/.  16«.  6d,    This  amount  of  the  dinner 


which  standeth  by  Billingsgate  against  this  alley,  and  was  fometiaie  made  by  Ae 
executors  of  Ricluurd  Whittington." 


1863.] 


Notes  of  the  Month* 


39& 


I 


recelpes  19  leas  thao  the  amount  p«icl  for 
the  limner  by  34/,  I7«.  Grf. ;  but  thif  \a 
only  an  apparent  loss,  as  the  stewajriU 
are  allowed  to  1  Delude  their  feci*  in  theJr 
donations  when  they  become  donors  to  the 
Fund,an<l  at  the  last  dumer  only  two  paid 
the  simple  fee^  while  the  38  who  became 
donors  contributed  365/.  2*.,  and  the  chair- 
man  contributed  52f.  10«.  The  other  do- 
Dations  directly  traceable  to  the  dinner 
were  263/.  St.  eiclutiye  of  her  Majesty's 
benefaction  and  of  all  annual  subacHp* 
tiona  whatever. — Three  other  modes  of  re- 
lieving literary  distress  have  been  more 
recently  brought  forward.  The  first  is  the 
Bjfltein  of  6o¥crnmeot  pensions,  through 
which  about  l,'200/.  is  now  annually  dis- 
tributed by  the  Crown,  in  sums  of  from 
50/.  to  300/. ;  the  second,  the  Guild  of 
Literature  and  Art,  which  proposes  to 
pension  authors  of  some  performance  and 
greater  promise;  and  the  last,  the  Athe- 
nietim  InstitutCp  which  proposes,  amongst 
other  things,  to  increase  the  ordinary 
funds  of  a  Life  Iniurance  Association, 
by  donations  from  the  beneTolentt  to  be 
applied  to  the  benefit  of  literary  men 
iniared  in  the  same  society  in  the  ordinary 
way»  The  two  latter  schemes  have  halted 
for  want  of  sufficient  encouragement;  and 
we  cannot  but  regret  that  the  kind  eier- 
tions  of  Sir  Lytton  Bulwer,  and  the  atna- 
teur  performers  of  his  excellent  comedy 
of  "  Not  so  bad  a*  we  Seem,"  should  not 
have  attajoed their  beneTolent  objects  But^ 
in  the  event  of  the  non-completion  of  the«c 
well. intended  schemes,  we  entertain  the 
hope  that  their  pTomoters,  who  hare  all 
heretofore  been  among  the  supporters  of 
the  Literary  Fund,  will  again  co-operate 
in  Its  labours*  and  direct  their  bounty  to 
ttijis  beneficent  channel,  from  which  no 
deterring  author  in  distress  has  ever  failed 
to  obtain  relief. 

The  report  of  the  PttJWTsas*  Pension 
SociRTT  shows  an  increased  degree  of 
prosperity.  The  dinner  of  last  year,  under 
the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  Douglas  Jerrold, 
rt'filised  400/.,  the  largest  amount  ever 
collected.  All  addition  of  475/.  (includ- 
ing 9iU.  interest)  has  been  made  to  the 
funded  stock.  Four  pensioners  have  now 
been  added  to  the  general  fund;  to  one 
was  assigned  the  Whittingham  Pension; 
tad  a  iixth  was  elected  for  the  Fley  Peti- 
liDHt  A  yearly  sum  of  7/.  19#.,  being  the 
procceda  of  a  recent  bequest  by  the  bite 
Mr  Henry  Fley. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Statistical 
SociKTY  was  held  on  the '31st  March,  Lord 
07<?rstone  in  the  chair.  The  Report  made 
particular  mention  of  the  loss  of  Mr. 
G.  R.  Porter,  the  Treasurer  of  the  Society, 
and  of  Mr,  Joseph  Fletcher,oneof  the  Hon. 
Secretaries.    In  the  pUM»  of  the  former, 


Benjamin  Phillips,  esq.  F.R.S.  has  been 
eke  ted ;  F.  G.  P.  Neison,  esq.  has  been 
appointed  Hon,  Secretary,  and  Dr.  Guy 
(also  one  of  the  Hon.  Secretnrips)  to  be 
editor  of  the  JournaL  which  function  was 
executed  by  Mr.  Fletcher.  Mr.  T.  J. 
Brown  has  been  appointed  Assistant- 
Secretary,  on  the  resignation  of  Mr. 
Cheshire.  The  meetings  of  the  Society 
during  the  past  year  have  been  exceed- 
ingly well  attended  ;  and  eleven  commu- 
nications have  been  read  and  discussed. 
They  have  been  nearly  equally  divided 
between  the  important  department  of  vital 
statistics,  in  which  the  Journal  of  the  So- 
ciety, from  its  commencement,  has  been 
extremely  rich,  and  subjects  having  a 
direct  bearing  upon  the  science  of  political 
economy  and  the  inquiries  which  are  most 
calculated  to  inEercst  the  statesman.  The 
contributions  belonging  to  the  former 
class  ore  by  Mr,  Neiaon,  On  the  Rate  of 
Mortality  in  the  Medical  Profession  ;  by 
Col.  Sykes,  On  the  Mortality  and  Sick- 
neas  of  the  Bombay  Army  during  the 
years  1848-9  ;  by  J,  A.  Bedford,  esq.  On 
the  Vital  and  Medical  Statistics  of  Chitta- 
gODg;  by  Mr.  Farr,  On  the  Influence  of 
Elevation  on  the  Fatality  of  Cholera;  a 
translation  by  A.  S.  O.  Massey,  esq.  of  a 
Treatise  on  the  Statistics  of  the  Insane, 
Blind*  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  Lepers,  in 
Norway,  from  the  pen  of  Professor  HoUt ; 
and  a  paper  by  Dr.  HCibertz,  On  Mental 
Diseases  in  Denmark.  The  commumcar 
tions  as  having  a  more  direct  bearing 
on  the  science  of  political  economy,  are 
a  second  paper  by  Dr.  Guy,  On  the  Effect 
of  the  Remission  of  Taxes  on  the  Revenue 
in  the  Thirty  Years  from  1822  to  1851  in- 
clusive, and  a  paper  by  the  same  author. 
On  the  Relfiticin  of  the  Price  of  Wheat  to 
tht^  Revenue  ;  an  essay  On  the  Valuation 
and  Purchase  of  Laud  in  Ireland,  by  John 
Locke, esq.}  a  valuable  paper  by  Mr.  Farr, 
On  the  Income  Tax ;  Mr.  John  Crawford*B 
pafser,  On  the  History  aud  Consumption 
of  Tobacco,  and  a  paper  On  the  Popula- 
tion  of  the  Colony  of  British  Guiana,  as 
enumerated  on  the  3 1st  March,  1851,  being 
the  substance  of  a  despatch  from  Governor 
Harkly, communicated  by  Earl  Grey  daring 
his  tenure  of  the  office  of  Secretary  of 
State  for  the  Colonies.  The  Statistical 
section  of  the  British  Association  last 
autumn  was  unusually  well  attended,  and 
many  interesting  papers  submitted  to  it 
either  have  appeared  or  will  appear  in 
the  pages  of  the  Journal  of  this  Society. 
As  the  Journal  now  amounts  to  fifteeu 
volumes,  the  Council  have  authorised  the 
Honorary  Secretaries  to  take  the  necessary 
steps  for  preparing  a  general  index.  The 
financial  condition  of  the  Society  is  f  ery 
tatlsfsctory.    Earl  UtiwiUiam  was  elected 


390 


Notes  of  the  Month* 


CAj 


Fre^ldent  of  the  Societj  for  the  two  years 
eQSuing. 

At  the  anaiverBary  meeting  of  the  Mi- 
OKO&concAL  Society  oa  the  l()th  of 
February  its  coadition  was  stated  to  be 
aatififactory,  an  increase  of  twenty  mem- 
bers having  taken  place  during  tbe  past 
year.  G.  Jackson,  esq.  waa  rechoaen 
President. 

A  party  of  gentlemea,  chiefly  Utemry 
and  BcieDtific,  met  at  Liverpool,  on  the 
8th  of  March,  to  celebrate  the  centenary 
of  the  birthday  of  their  eminent  townsman^ 
RoscoE.  After  a  preliminary  breakfast, 
presided  over  by  the  Earl  of  Sefton,  Wii- 
liam  Rathboiie,  esq.  pronounced  an  rloge 
upon  the  hislorifin*  Roiicoe  was  the  son 
of  a  market-garde uer,  and  commenced  the 
happiest  period  of  his  life  by  dutiful  aid 
to  his  fether  in  his  employment  ;^but  even 
then  hia  thoughts  were  raised  to  higher 
objects.  He  early  sought  and  found 
frteodfl  with  congenial  aspirationSi  with 
whom,  to  their  mutual  honour,  ftiendshipa 
were  formed  which  lasted  through  life. 
Roscoe  commenced  his  career  by  asaertitig 
tbe  liberty  of  t hi:  blave,  and,  ending  life  as 
he  began,  his  unabated  zeal  on  the  siib> 
jeet  of  prison  discipline  braught  on  tbe 
paralytic  attack  which  closed  his  active 
life.  An  addresifif  which  assumed  the  form 
of  a  literary  biography,,  waa  then  delivered 
by  Dr.  Hume,  in  scknowLedgmetit  of 
which  Mr.  William  Caldwell  Roscoe,  a 
grandfion  of  the  poet,  addressed  tbe  meet* 
ing.  The  mayor,  Samuel  Holme,  esq.  and 
others^  also  spoke  on  the  occasion.  In 
conjunction  with  the  other  proceedings  of 
the  day»  the  Derby  Museum,  consistiu!;  of 
BtulTed  birdfij  and  a  great  number  of  hkm% 
prepared  for  stuffing,  collected  by  that 
eminent  patron  of  natural  history  the  late 
Earl  of  Derby,  mm  opened  by  tbe  mayor 
and  town-council.  A  large  party  after- 
wards assembled  at  the  theatre  of  the 
Royal  Institution  to  hear  an  address  from 
Joseph  B.  Yates,  esq.  who  aaid  that  **  Ros- 
coe's  world-wide  celebrity  procured  for 
him  the  friendship,  not  only  of  hia  towns- 
men but  of  many  at  a  distance,  who  were 
eminent  for  their  rank,  talents,  and  influ- 
ence,  and  who,  on  cloier  acquaintance, 
venerated  him  no  less  for  the  modest  and 
Chmtian  virtues  of  the  man,  than  for  the 
accompHjihments  of  the  scholar."  The 
press  from  which  the  lirst  edition  of  his 
**  Life  of  Lorenzo  de'  Medici"  waa  printed 
was  placed  in  the  vestibule  of  the  Institu- 
tion.  A  soiree  at  the  Town-hall  termi- 
nated the  proceedings,  and  the  principal 
fe-nturc  in  the  evening's  entertiiameut  was 
the  **  Exhibition  Room/'  where,  in  addi- 
tion to  n  colh'ction  of  ancient  MSS.,  jeooIo- 
gical  rni  J  hotiinical  specimens,  architectural 
^nd  mechanical  modola^  9ce<  a  iiitmeroui 


collection  of  memeDtoeB  of  Roscoe*t  life 
and  works  was  exhibited. 

Her   Majesty  has  permitted  a  second 
aeries  of  specimens  to  be  formed  from  the 
Collections  qf  Porcelain  at  Buckingham  , 
Palace,   and   exhibited    at   Marlborovffk  i 
House,     This  series   is   more  uumeroita  I 
and  varied,  and  in  some  respects  even  finer, 
tbao  that  recently  removed.     It  consistj 
rhieiy  of  Old  Indian  of  the  highest  order, 
and  of  an  extensive  series  of  Sevres,  illus- 
tratiog  tbe  styles  of  different  epochs  of 
that  royal  manufactory.     Among  these  » 
a  curious  dij6iiner  service  produced  im* 
mediately  alter  Napoleon's  expedition  to 
Egypt,  and  affecting  the  forms  and  orna- 
ments of  the  Ph&raohs ;  also  tome  very 
fine  jewelled  cups,  and  a  superb  bowl  of 
hard  porcelain,  executed  for  Louis  Seiz««  | 
Lord  Feversbam  has  also  «ient  to  Marl-J 
borough  House  for  public  exhibitioii  i 
of  his  turquoise  Sevres  porcelain. 

The  Department  of  Practical  Art  bat 
issued  an  announcement  that  a  collection 
of  fine  Specimens  of  Cabinet  Work,  *'  for 
the  informatitm  of  Students  of  Schools 
of  Art  and  the  public  at  large,"  is  about 
to  be  formed  at  Gore  House,  Ken-1 
Bingtou.  It  will  be  confined  to  specimeni 
executed  before  the  present  century,  and 
will  be  opened  in  the  month  of  May. 

Tbe  Council  of  the  Society  of  Arta  hat 
dctermiucd  to  form  a  collection  of  objects,  j 
cither  in  the  shape  of  specimens,  models, 
or  drawings,  illustrating  the  awards  of  the 
Council  Medals  made  at  the  close  of  the 
Great  BjthibUinn  of  1851.     The  purpowj 
is  to  bring  together  within  the  smmlieit| 
compass,  and  properly  classified,  a  i   ~  ~ 
tore  picture  of  the  most  remarkable 
important  contributions  to  the  memonibl^l 
display  in  liyde  Park.     The  articles  |re 
to  be  dehvered  at  the  Society's  house  oa 
or  before  the  1st  of  May,  and  the  exhU 
bition  will  open  shortly  after  that  date. 

The  Institutes'  Committee  of  tbe  same 
Society  have  received  authority  from  the  j 
Council  to  inquire  into  tbe  subject  of  the 
operaltOQ  of  the  present  fiscal  reatrictions 
on   Paper,   Adverlisemenit,    News^    and 
Forei^  Books,  in  reference  to  their  bear* 
ing  on  arts,  manufactures,  and  comniereel 
generally,  and  on  the  Institutes  in  par* I 
ticular. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  CommoR  ' 
Council  of  London  Mr.  Anderton  moved 
a  resolution — that  **  It  is  desirable  that  a 
Free  Library  and  a  free  circuUtioj;  library 
should  be  established  bi  the  City  of  I^ondiin; 
therefore,  that  it  be  referrn*  >  i  '^  i  i  •  -y 
Committee  to  consider  an  \ 

by  what  means  such  librnr  t 

established  in  the  city,  and  wheUier  *tiiy 
portion  of  the  present  City  Library  ran  bu 
made  available  for  such  a  purpose."    Th«» 


1853.] 


Notes  ofihe  Month, 


397 


resolution  was  adopted  by  the  Court  \  and 
we  understand  that  the  Lord  Mayor  pur- 
|)oi!«es  to  call  n  pnblic  meeting  on  the  sub- 
ject at  the  Mauaioo  House, 

Aq  attempt  has  been  made  (o  open  the 
library  of  iLie  London  jHsHtntion  to  a 
krg«r  circle  of  readers,  by  adoptioix  of  the 
circulating  priociple  with  i-egard  to  books 
not  of  an  cxpeosive  chias  or  uuique  charac- 
ter. A  meeting,  in  answer  to  a  requiaitiun, 
has  been  held,  and  the  subject  discussed  on 
the  motion  of  Mr.  Gossett,  when  the  pro- 
posal was  [iegati?ed,  on  the  show  of  hands, 
hj  sixty -sii  votes  against  thirty-four;  but 
a  more  sweeping  proposition  has  since  been 
circulated  by  Mr*  IJ  artridge,  whose  scheme 
u  to  transfer  the  Library  to  the  City  of 
London,  sell  the  premises,  pennion  oU  the 
Librarians,  and  distribute  the  surplus 
funds  amoni^  the  proprietors.  He  appears 
to  Biiticipate  that  the  building  would  be 
purchased  by  the  City,  in  order  to  the  pre* 
terraCion  of  the  Library,  and  that  the  only 
tacrificea  would  be  the  Lectures  (here- 
tofore so  successful  and  so  popular)  and 
the  News-room. 

The  first  Anniversary  of  the  Bl.  Jamet's 
Literary  and  Scietitijic  Societt^  was  held 
on  Tuesday  the  Ist  March,  the  Rev.  J. 
jAcksoD  (now  Bishop  of  Lincoln)  in  the 
ofaair*  It  was  staled  that  the  progress  of 
the  Sooiety  had  been  from  the  commence- 
meat  very  gratifying.  It  began  with  263 
annual  members,  and  2j  life  members  ; 
at  present  there  are  467  annuel  members, 
and  41  life  members..  The  library  num- 
bers liSSb  volumes,  and  the  circulation  of 
books  during  the  past  year  was  3,3^3. 
ClasBea  had  been  formed  in  German, 
FreaGfa,  drawing,  and  discussion,  and  oHe 
was  about  to  be  opened  for  vocal  music* 
The  lectures  had  been  well  attended,  and 
had  given  much  satisfaction.  Handsome 
contributions  of  books  were  acknowledged 
from  Messrs.  Murray,  Beotley,  Pickering, 
and  other  publishers. 

At  the  I7i«*?ei'*i7y  qf  Oj^ord^  the  Hert- 
ford Scholarship,  for  the  encouragement 
of  LatiQ  composition,  has  been  adjudged  to 
Mr.  William  Liimbert  Newman,  scholar 
of  Balliot ;  and  Mr.  Thomas  William  J  ex 
Blake,  scholar  of  University  College,  was 
declared  proj:ime  acce&sH.  The  Arnold 
Prize,  for  the  encourngement  of  the  study 
of  Ancient  and  Modern  History,  has  been 
anigned  to  James  Hunter  Reid,  B.A.  Fel- 
low of  St.  John's  College :  the  subject, 
*'  '\lliat  eCTects  of  Aleiander'a  Conquests 
in  India  are  discoverable  tn  the  subsequent 
history  of  that  eotintry  ?" 

The  Mathematical  SchoUrships  have  been 
awarded  to  Frederick  Kneller  Cock.  B.A. 
scholar  of  University  College,  and  Charles 
Joseph  Faulkner,  commoner  of  Pembroke 
College ;  and  a  present  of  books  to  George 


Charles  Bell,  of  Worcester  College,  who 
particularly  distinguished  himself  in  the 
examination. 

At  Cambridge^  the  Browne  Scholarship 
has  been  awarded  to  E.  R.  Horton,  of  St, 
Peter's  College  :  and  as  Bell  Scholars — 

L  E.  L.  Brown.  Trinity  College- 

2.  R.  B.  Worthington,  St.  John's.  \   j^ 
H.  P.  Harwell,  Clare  Hall.      j  ^^■ 

On  the  26th  Feb.  Mr.  John  Couch 
Adams,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  V.P.R.A.S,,  late 
Fellow  of  St.  John's  CoUege,  was  elected 
a  Foundation  Fellow  of  Pembroke  College, 

At  Eton  Coikffe  the  eitami nation  for 
the  Newcastle  Scholarship  has  resulted  in 
the  appointment  of  Whittiiig  major,  K.S. 
as  Scholar,  and  of  Scott  nmjor  as  Medal- 
list. 

The  Earl  of  Carlisle  has  been  elected 
Lord  Rector  of  MariatAal  CoUege,  Aber- 
deen, The  name  of  Mr.  Disraeli  had  been 
proposed,  but  was  withdrawn,  A  poll  was 
demfkuded  on  behalf  of  the  Earl  of  Mans- 
^eld,  for  whom  45  votes  were  given  ;  but 
the  Earl  of  Carlisit;  received  105  votes, 
and  had  the  majority  of  all  the  Nations. 
Professor  Jamea  Nicol,  from  the  Queen's 
College,  Cork,  hai  been  appointed  Pro- 
fessor of  Natural  History  in  Mariachal 
CoUege,  in  the  room  of  the  late  Professor 
Wm.  Macgillivray, 

Sir  Edward  Hulwer  Lytton  has  been 
declared  Honorary  President  of  the  Asso- 
ciated Socle  ties  oi  Edinburgh  UmverMiiy-^ 
all  the  rival  candidates  having  been  pre- 
viously withdrawn. 

Robert  Andrews,  esq.  LLwD.,  and  Q.C.| 
has  been  appointed  by  Her  Majesty's  let- 
ters a  Member  of  the  Senate  of  the  Queen's 
Uoiversity  in  Ireland. 

Mr.  Macaulay  has  been  elected  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  French  Academy  in  place  of 
Dr.  Lingard.  There  were  two  candidates 
proposed,  Mr.  Grote  and  Mr.  Macaulay; 
M.  Guizot  proposed  Macau Uy,  and  M. 
De  Tocqueville  propofletl  Grote. 

Mr.  Tooke  has  been  elected  a  Member 
of  the  Academy  of  Moral  and  Political 
Sciences  of  France  in  the  room  of  the  late 
Mr.  Porter,  of  the  Board  of  Ttade,  author 
of  the  Progress  of  the  Nation  ;  and  Dr. 
Lindley  has  been  elected  a  Correa ponding 
Member  of  the  lustitute  in  the  fiectiou  of 
Rural  Economy, 

A  pension  of  lOU/.  a  year  has  been 
granted  to  Mr.  Jerdan,  editor  of  the 
Literary  Gazette  from  1817  to  the  close 
of  1  B&O,  in  conii'ideration  of  his  literary 
labours  ;  and  a  pension  has  been  conferred 
on  the  widow  of  Mr*  Richardson,  the  la- 
mented fellow-traveller  in  Africa  of  Dr. 
Barth,  aod  of  the  equally-lamented  Dr. 
Overwf^. 

The  &eedom  of  the  City  of  London  has 
been  presented  to  Dr.  Lttyard  in  a  gold 


398 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


[April, 


box  of  100/.  value.  Having  refused  the 
English  Consulship  in  Egypt,  he  has,  at 
the  request  of  Lord  Stratford  de  Red- 
cliffe,  consented  to  join  the  English  Em- 
bassy at  Constantinople,  where  his  adyice 
is  likely  to  be  of  service  in  the  present 
critical  state  of  political  affairs*  Dr.  Lay- 
ard  started  for  the  East  on  the  day  of  the 
publication  of  his  new  volume  about  Nine- 
veh. He  has  not  resigned  his  seat  in  Par- 
liament for  Aylesbury. 

Mr.  James  Robert  Hope,  a  well  known 
parliamentary  barrister,  has  just  added 
Scott  to  his  name,  in  compliance  with  the 
provision  in  the  entail  of  the  estate  of 
Abbotsford,  to  which  estate  his  wife  lately 
BUCQ^eded,  upon  the  death  of  her  only 
brother. 

The  committee  for  a  memorial  to  the 
late  Mr.  G.  R.  Porter,  of  the  Board  of 
Trade,  have  selected  a  model  by  Mr.  Wyon. 
The  monument  is  to  be  erected  in  the 
churchyard  at  Rusthall,  near  Tunbridge 
Wells, — and  a  print  of  it  is  to  be  sent  to 
each  subscriber  to  the  fund. 

A  member  of  the  Civil  Service  of  the 
H.E.I.C.  on  the  Bengal  establishment,  has 
offered  the  sum  of  300/.  for  the  best  essay 
in  the  English  language  in  refutation  of 
the  errors  of  Hindu  Philosophy,  accord- 
ing to  the  Vedanta,  Nyaya,  and  Sankhya 
systems.  The  competition  is  open  to  all 
nations.  The  adjudicators  of  the  prize  are 
to  be  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Mill,  Regius  Pro- 
fessor of  Hebrew,  University  of  Cambridge, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Whewell,  Master  of  Trinity, 
and  Mr.  Horace  Hayman  Wilson,  Boden 
Professor  of  Sanscrit,  Oxford.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  and  the  Bishops  of 
London  and  Oxford  are  trustees  for  the 
donor  of  the  prize,  the  essays  in  competi- 
tion  for  which  are  to  be  lodged,  before 
the  close  of  1854,  at  the  office  of  the 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel 
in  Foreign  Parts. 

Further  accounts  have  been  received  by 
the  French  government  of  the  explorations 
of  an  Assyrian  palace  at  Khcrsabad,  under 
the  direction  of  M.  Place.  His  last  dis- 
coveries were  a  double  colonnade  with  a 
flag  pavement ;  and  now  he  reports  that 
he  has,  by  more  extensive  excavations, 
brought  to  light  a  wall  twenty-one  feet 
long  and  five  feet  high,  in  painted  bricks, 
in  a  fine  state  of  preservation,  representing 
men,  animals,  and  trees.  This,  he  says, 
is  the  first  complete  specimen  preserved 
in  its  place  of  Assyrian  painting ;  and  it 
proves,  he  alleges,  the  exactitude  of  the 
descriptions  given  of  the  palaces  of  the 
Assyrian  kings  by  Ctesias  and  Diodorus. 
He  reports  also  that  he  has  discovered  the 
statue  of  a  man,  four  and  a  half  feet  high, 
holding  a  bottle  in  his  hands.  It  is  in 
marble,  similar  to  the  batto  relievos  pre- 


viously found.  M.  Place  fancies  that  the 
wall  belonged  to  a  passage  leading  to  a 
large  hall,  which  contained  other  statoes. 

Among  the  Roman  remains  recently  dis- 
covered in  York  is  a  fine  tessellated  pa¥e<- 
ment,  measuring  13ft.  6in.  by  13ft.  It 
was  found  by  Mr.  Bedford,  a  bnilder,  wlio 
was  making  an  excavation  for  a  pabUe 
drain  on  the  Toft  Green,  at  a  depth  of 
6ft.  6in.  from  the  surface.  The  Board  of 
Health  having  presented  this  pavement  to 
the  Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society,  it 
was  carefully  laid  bare,  and  proved  to  be 
the  finest  yet  found  at  York.  In  the  cen* 
tre  is  a  figure  representing  Medusa,  in  a 
square  of  2ft.,  and  four  other  squares  of 
the  same  dimensions  contain  figures  em- 
blematic of  the  Seasons.  The  whole  is 
surrounded  with  elaborate  border  patterns. 

At  the  latter  end  of  last  week,  as  a  man 
named  Coles  was  engaged  in  digging  up» 
for  the  purpose  of  removal,  some  gravel 
in  the  churchyard  of  Wedmore,  Somerset- 
shire, he  came  upon  an  earthen  Teasel 
containing  120  coins  of  the  reigns  of 
Canute  and  some  of  his  predecessors. 
They  were  in  a  perfect  state  of  preserr»- 
tion.  {rimes,  March  99.) 

We  are  pleased  to  receive  an  account  of 
the  restoration  of  the  magnificent  Cht^H 
of  St.  Nicholas  at  Lynn.  Twelve  months 
ago  it  was  disfigured  with  pews,  **  Ikculty  " 
galleries,  a  Moses- and- Aaron  altar-pieoe, 
and  every  other  incongruity  that  the  bad 
taste  of  former  times  could  assemble  tog»> 
ther.  Even  the  very  order  of  things  luul 
been  reversed :  the  pulpit  and  reading-desk 
being  placed  at  the  west  end  of  the  chapel; 
and  a  stage  of  rising  seats  once  crossed  the 
interior  in  such  a  way  as  to  shut  out  the 
altar  entirely  from  the  congregation.  Hie 
work  commenced  with  the  entire  dearanoe 
of  the  cumbrous  accumulations.  As  thej 
fell,  the  long-hidden  beauties  of  the  fabrie 
rose  to  view,  and  pillars,  arches,  windows, 
doors,  came  forth  from  their  long  ob- 
scurity— some  of  them  crippled,  it  is  true, 
and  most  of  them  carrying  the  evidence  of 
ill-usage ;  but  all  with  the  promise  of  well 
repaying  the  work  of  careful  restoration. 
The  building  is  a  work  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury (and  probably  not  finished  till  earlf 
in  the  sixteenth),  erected  on  the  site  of  an 
earlier  one  of  the  thirteenth  century,  of 
which  remains  exist  in  the  tower  at  the 
south-west  angle.  On  clearing  the  plaster 
from  the  west  wall  of  the  south  aisle,  a 
triple  lancet  window  was  discovered  bricked 
up.  On  the  north  side  of  the  altar  a  door- 
way of  extreme  beauty  and  elegance  was 
bricked  up  and  plastered  over,  but  was 
found  in  a  perfect  state.  It  formed  the 
entrance  to  either  a  chapel  or  a  sacristy  at 
the  north-east  angle  of  the  building.  Much 
valuable  work  of  repair  has  been  done  in 


i85ao 


Notei  of  the  Month. 


399 


the  open  timbei*  roof,  in  the  course  of 
which  work  many  a  lost  winj;  and  broken 
DOse  has  been  restored  to  the  mutilafced 
AngeU.  The  great  feature  of  this  work  i& 
the  throwing  open  the  vast  area  of  the  in- 
terior to  view  at  one  glance.  To  proviile 
accommodation  for  a  h&rga  congregatioo, 
the  entire  area,  with  the  exception  of  a 
amall  portioo  at  the  west  entrance,  is  co- 
veied  by  sittiaga,  which,  with  all  the  hi* 
^8f  are  entirely  of  oak.  Thotie  in  the 
s,  and  live  or  six  seats  at  the  w&it 
h6i  are  riii(»ed  one  step  higher  than  the 
general  platform  af  the  others.  The  seats 
of  the  nave  all  look  eastward;  those  at 
Ihe  east  end,  in  the  uaual  manner  of  choirs, 
look  north  and  south.  At  the  east  end 
an  elegant  reredos  has  b^en  erected  in  Caen 
stone,  to  barmonije  with  the  fine  east  win- 
dow. Both  as  to  design  and  workman- 
ship this  object  is  worthy  of  admiration, 
and  efpecially  the  carving,  by  Mr^  Wil- 
liam Brown,  the  madou.  The  cornice  is 
highly  enriched  with  sculpture,  ond  the 
details  will  bear  a  minnte  in»,pection.  An 
inscription^  as  follows,  runs  through  the 
whole  length  of  the  cornice  :  "  Jesus  said 
tmto  them,  1  am  the  bread  of  life;  he  that 
camcth  to  me  shall  never  hunger,  and  he 
that  believetb  in  me  shall  never  thirst." 
The  very  fine  remains  of  aedilia,  on  the 
south  aide  of  the  altar,  are  prei^erved,  and 
a  beautiful  design  has  been  made  by  the 
architect  for  their  restoration.  It  is  the  work 
of  a  self-taught  sculptor  of  Lynn,  named 
John  Hitlam,  who  has  been  several  years 
in  the  employ  of  Mr.  William  Brown,  the 


The  church  at  Breitenham  in  Norfolk 
baa  been  rebuilt  at  the  expense  of  the 
dowager  Lady  Buxton,  in  the  Decorated 
style,  and  under  the  superintendence  of 
S.  S.  Tculon,  esq.  as  architect.  It  had 
been  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  year  1696, 
when  the  tower  and  nave  were  rcbnitt,  but 
the  chancel  left  in  ruins.  Tlie  south  door 
is  still  in  the  Norman  style  of  the  l!2th 
century.  There  are  four  painted  windows* 
The  chancel  window,  the  gift  of  Miss 
Buxton,  ta  by  Gibbs,  and  represents  in 
three  compartments  the  Nativity,  the  Cra- 
cifixion,  and  the  Resarrectton.  The  west 
window,  seen  through  an  arch  in  the 
tower,  is  the  Calling  of  St.  Andrew,  to 
whom  the  church  is  dedicated.  On  the 
north  side  of  the  chanoet  is  a  window  of 
the  Last  Supper,  by  Mesurs.  Ward  and 
Nixon,  the  gift  of  the  architect ;  and  above 
the  organ  in  the  north  transept  is  a  fourth, 
of  angels  with  instruments  of  music.  A 
fine  organ,  by  Messrs.  Dawson  of  Cam- 
bridge, has  been  given  by  Sir  Robert 
Jacob  Buxton,  Bart.;  and  a  peal  of  five 
-  bells,  caat  by  Messrs.  Taylor  of  Lough- 
■      borough,  is  given  by  Mis«  Isabella  Buxton. 


Tlie  east  window  of  Lambeth  church 
has  been  filled  with  stained-glass  in  me* 
mory  of  the  late  Archbishop  H'Jtcte^i  for 
which  purpose  a  subscription  of  50{)/.  had 
been  raised  amongst  his  private  friends 
and  the  clergy  of  the  diocese.  The  glass 
has  been  executed  by  M.  and  A.  O'Con- 
nor, of  Bemers-Btreet  The  window  is 
divided  into  fifteen  compartments,  repre- 
senting as  many  subjects  connected  with 
the  Life  of  Christ,  comprising  The  Nati- 
vity, Flight  into  Egypt,  Adoration  of  the 
Magi,  Baptism,  Disputing  with  the  Doc- 
tors, and  including  The  Crucitixion,  Re* 
surrection,  &c.  Stc.  Beneath  appears  the 
following  inscription  ;— "  In  hoDorem  Dei, 
et  in  Memoria  Gulielmi  Howloy  per  xix, 
Annos  Archiep.  Cantuar,  Ob  lit  Pebruarii 
VI.,  A.D,  Mncccxtviii." 

Tlie  magnificent  church  of  St,  Marjf 
Redcii^e,  Bristol,  has  been  enriched  hy  a 
beautiful  east  winduw,  by  Walks,  of  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, the  gift  of  Sir  John 
Kerle  Haberfield  and  Mr.  Rubert  Phippen, 
citixens  of  Bristol .  There  are  seven  lights 
contiiiuiug  these  Fubjects: — 1.  St.  Peter 
cutting  off  the  High  Priest's  servant's  ear; 
'2.  The  accusation  of  our  Saviour  before 
Pibte;  3.  Pilate  washing  his  hands,  having 
oothiDg  to  do  with  that  just  mans  4.  The 
Scourging ;  5.  Putting  on  the  robe  and 
placing  the  reed  in  our  Saviour's  hand ; 
6.  The  Smiting ;  7*  Bearing  the  Cross, 
Over  these  are  six  principal  compartments, 
filled  with  figures  of  St.  Matthew,  St. 
Mark,  St.  Luke,  St.  John,  St.  Peter,  and 
St.  Paul.  Above  the*e  are  five  secondary 
compartments,  filled  with  emblems  of  our 
Saviour  and  the  Four  Evangelists ;  and 
over  these  fuur  compartmentet,  containing 
the  Alpha  and  Omega,  I  US,  and  two  eoi- 
blems  of  the  Trinity.  i*he  dosing  of  the 
arch  allows  only  one  compartment  to  be 
above  these,  and  that  is  nearly  quatrefoil 
in  shape;  it  contains  the  Dove  descending. 
It  is  hoped  that  the  restoration  of  this 
noble  fabric,  now  in  progress,  will  receive 
renewed  encouragement  from  thig  hand* 
some  benefsction. 

At  the  sale  of  the  Prince  qf  Canino'* 
Picturea,  by  Messrs.  Christie  and  Man- 
son,  on  the  13th  March,  '*The  Adora- 
tion,**"  by  Rabens,  was  sold  for  12,000i. 
and  a  **  Virgin  and  Child/'  by  Tiberio  d' 
Assise,  for  399/.  to  U.RH.  Prince  Albert. 

'*  The  Bmcyer  Bible,'*  one  of  the  most 
costly  iiiutiraied  books  ever  formed,  and 
which  has  become  well  known  to  the  pub- 
lic from  its  appearance  in  two  of  Mrs. 
Purkes*s  lottery  schemes,  has  been  sold  by 
auction  by  Messrs,  Puttick  and  Simpson. 
Tiie  coDectioti  of  the  illostrations  and 
their  arrangement  occupied  a  large  part  of 
the  life  of  Mr.  Bowyer.  After  his  decease 
it  was  submitted  to  the  public  in  a  lottery i 


400 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[April, 


and  the  prize  being  drawn  by  a  draper  in 
the  city,  it  was  repurchased  of  him,  and  be- 
came the  subject  of  a  second  lottery  ^the 
total  subscription  to  £ach  being  4000 
guineas),  when  the  holder  of  one  of  the 
guinea  tickets  became  the  fortunate  pos- 
sessor, and  by  him  it  has  been  consigned 
for  public  sale.  It  excited  an  animated 
competition,  and  was  at  last  knocked 
down  at  the  sum  of  405/.,  the  purchaser 
being  Mr.  Willis,  bookseller,  of  Covent 
Garden. 

The  Koh'i'Noor  Diamond  (that  looked 
in  the  Great  Exhibition  like  a  dingy  chan- 
delier drop)  has  now,  after  an  expenditure 
of  2,000/.  in  bringing  it  to  light,  been 
finally  set  in  an  exquisite  circle  of  small 
diamonds,  and  made  the  '*  Mountain  of 
Light''  on  a  most  graceful  tiara  of  dia- 
monds for  the  brow  of  Queen  Victoria. 
The  old  setting  as  worn  by  Runjeet  Singh 
has  been  preserved,  with  counterfeits  of 
the  stones  as  they  were  seen  on  the  arm 
of  the  Lion  of  Lahore.  The  large  rubies 
surrendered  to  Great  Britain  on  the  same 
occasion  remain,  with  their  Persian  in- 
scriptions, untouched. 

The  New  York  Crystal  Palace,  con- 
structed of  iron  and  glass,  is  erected  on 
Reservoir  Square,  in  the  city  of  New  York. 
The  Association  "  for  the  Exhibition  of 
the  Industry  of  all  Nations  '*  was  incorpo- 
rated under  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of 
the  Stote  of  New  York,  the  11th  day  of 
March,  1852.  The  use  of  Reservoir  Square 
is  granted  by  the  municipal  authorities  of 
the  city.  The  ground  plan  of  the  build- 
ing forms  an  octagon,  and  is  surmounted 
by  a  Greek  cross,  with  a  dome  over  the 
intersection.  The  extreme  length  and 
breadth  of  the  building  are  each  3G5  feet. 
Height  of  dome  to  top  of  lantern,  148  feet. 


Entire  space  on  ground  floor,  111,060 
square  feet.  Whok)  area,  173,000  square 
feet,  or  four  acres. 

The  Will  of  the  Emperor  Ntq^oUtm^ 
which  has  hitherto  been  one  of  the  prind-  - 
pal  curiosities  of  the  Prerogatif  e  Court  of 
Canterbury,  has  been  removed  to  Frmnce. 
An  application  was  made  on  the  part  of 
the  Lords  of  the  Treasury,  that  the  originil 
will  and  codicils  of  the  late  Emperor  Na- 
poleon Bonaparte  should  be  given  out  of 
the  registry,  and  delivered  up  to  the  Se- 
cretary of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs,  for 
the  purpose  of  being  transmitted  to  the 
French  go? ernment.  The  will  in  qnettioD, 
with  seven  codicils,  was  proved  in  August, 
1 824,  by  Charles  Tristram  Comte  de  Mon- 
tholin,  one  of  the  executors,  power  being 
reserved  of  making  the  like  grant  to  Henry 
Gratian  Comte  Bertrand  and  Louis  Mar- 
chand,  the  other  executors,  and  the  effects 
of  the  deceased  were  sworn  to  be  under 
the  value  of  600/.  within  the  province  of 
Canterbury.  The  Court  ordered  the  will 
to  be  given  out,  for  the  purpose  of  being 
forwarded  to  the  proper  legal  authorities 
in  France. 

Among  the  coming  auctions  of  interest 
to  literary  men  and  collectors  generally,  is 
the  sale  not  long  after  Easter  (by  Messrs. 
Sotheby  and  Wilkinson)  of  the  very  fine 
Library  of  Dr.  I/awtrey,  of  Eton.  Dr. 
Hawtrey  has  long  been  known  as  a  well- 
read  and  liberal  collector  of  books,  studious 
about  editions  and  the  condition  of  hooka 
as  well  as  conversant  with  their  contents. 

The  Rev.  Henry  Burgess,  Ph.D.  Curate 
of  Blackburn,  announces  by  subtcriptioa 
a  volume  of  '*  Select  Metriod  Hymns  and 
Homilies  of  Ephraem  Syms :  translated, 
with  an  Introduction  and  Philological  and 
Historical  Notes." 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Legends  of  the  Madonna,  aa  represented 
in  the  Fine  Arts,  Forming  the  Third 
Series  of  Sacred  and  Legendary  Art,  By 
Mrs.  Jameson.  Croum  Svo. — A  purity  of 
taste  and  sentiment,  a  reverent  and  for- 
bearing spirit  in  matters  of  religious  faith, 
and  a  sound  critical  discrimination  in  mat- 
ters of  history  and  of  art,  combined  in  that 
well-balanced  proportion  in  which  we  so 
gladly  recognise  the  tact  and  delicacy  of  a 
female  hand,  form  the  characteristics  of 
the  series  of  works  of  which  this  is  the 
third.*     With  a  toleration,  or  rather  an  in- 


dulgence, of  all  that  cloud  of  poetic  visions 
and  fond  imaginations  with  which  the 
superstition  and  ingenuity  of  successive 
centuries  obscured  the  simple  trutlis  of 
the  Gospel,  Mrs.  Jameson  keeps  ever  be- 
fore her  eyes  the  torch  of  Tmth  in  the 
hand  of  History  ;  and  that  is  sufficient  to 
conduct  herself  and  her  readers,  if  they 
will  accept  her  guidance,  from  the  dark* 
ness  of  degrading  and  confused  concep- 
tions, into  the  pure  regions  of  the  beau- 
tiful and  the  sublime. 

In  the  present  division  of  her  subject 


*  See  the  first  scries  of  the  Poetrv  of  Sacred  and  Legendary  Art  1848,  reviewed 
in  our  Magazine  for  June  1849,  p.  613 ;  and  the  Legends  of  the  Monastic  OrderS| 
reviewed  in  Dec.  1850,  p.  599. 
8 


TBsao 


fiteeffaneous  Petnewx. 


401 


'^rs.  Jameson  has  liad  to  CD  counter  some 
of  ber  greatest  dificulties  an  regards  diver- 
slues  of  creed,  an  til  haji  ha^l  occasian  for 
tlie  exercise  of  all  her  discretion*  **  I 
have  bad  (aa  she  urges  tii  deprecation  of 
censure)  tu  ascend  most  [leiilrnia  height's, 
to  dive  into  terribly  obseuru  depths.  Not 
for  worlds  wo  aid  I  be  gruilty  of  a  scoffing 
allusion  to  any  belief  or  any  object  held 
SEicred  by  sincere  aod  earnest  hearts ;  but 
neither  baa  it  been  possible  for  me  to 
write  in  a  tone  of  accjuiescence  where  I 
altogetber  differ  in  feeling  and  opinion," 

Whatctermny  be  theentbiisiaEm,or  what- 
ever the  indignatioOt  with  which  the  great 
eorroptiou  of  Christianity  involved  in 
Mariolatry  may  be  entertained,  all  impar- 
tial minds  must  admit  the  historical  force 
of  the  axiom  from  which  our  author 
starts,  and  by  which  her  researches  are 
directed  throughout,  that  "  some  con- 
sideration is  due  to  facts  which  we  must 
necessarily  accept."  That  the  worship  of 
the  Madonna  prevailed  through  all  the 
Cbriatlan  and  civilised  world  for  nearly  a 
thousand  years  \  that  it  worked  itaelf  into 
the  life  and  seal  of  man  ;  ami  that  it  was 
worked  nut  in  the  umnifestotions  of  his 
genius, — ^theae  ai-e  the  leading  facts  from 
which  branch  out  the  almost  countless 
multitiide  of  mJuor  details  which  it  is  the 
huBiaess  of  the  present  work  to  trace  and 
dcTclope.  **  Of  the  pictures  in  our  galle* 
ries,  public  or  private* — of  the  archi- 
tectural adornments  of  those  majestic 
ediliceB  whicli  sprang  up  in  the  middle 
ages  (where  tfiey  have  not  been  despoiled 
or  desecrated  by  a  jseal  as  fervent  as  that 
which  reared  them),  the  largest  und  most 
beautiful  p>ortion  have  reference  to  the 
Madouna^  her  character,  tier  person,  her 
history.  It  was  a  thetue  which  nfver  tired 
her  votaries,  whether,  aa  in  the  bands  of 
great  and  sincere  artists,  it  becanae  one  of 
the  noblest  and  loveliest,  or,  as  in  the 
hands  of  superficial,  uabelieving,  time- 
tenrin^  artists,  one  of  the  most  degraded. 
All  that  human  genius,  in^[;ired  by  faith, 
co«ld  achieve  of  best, — all  that  fanaticism, 
seuiiialitmi  atheism,  could  perpetrate  of 
irorst,  do  we  find  in  the  cycle  of  those 
representations  which  have  been  dedicated 
to  the  worship  of  the  Virgin.  And  indeed 
the  ethics  of  the  Madonna  worship,  ai 
evolved  in  art,  might  be  not  inaptly  likened 
to  the  ethics   of  human  love :  so  long  as 

(the  object  of  sense  remained  in  subjection 
to  the  moral  idea — so  long  aa  the  appeal 
was  to  the  best  of  our  faculties  and  affe^- 
lions — s^  long  was  the  image  grand  or 
refined,  and  the  influences  to  be  ranked 
with  those  which  have  helpeJ  to  huma- 
nise and  civilise  our  race  ;  but  as  soon  as 
I  the  object  became  n  mere  idol ,  then  worship 
I  Gknt,  Mao-  Vol.  XXXIX. 

M 


and  worshippers,  art  and  artUis,  were  to- 
gether degraded--' 

The  remains  of  '^Christian  art,*'  Avben 
assigned  to  their  true  periods,  and  dis- 
posed in  due  succession,  will  be  fmsnd 
to  answer  higher  pur|tose8  than  the  mere 
gratilication  of  the  connoisseur  and  anti- 
cjuary.  The  mosaic  and  the  picture  have 
pre-ierved,  in  records  more  complete  (ban 
would  be  imagined  until  they  ai^  col- 
lected and  arranged,  the  sticcessive  ob- 
scurations and  perversions  of  the  faith 
once  delivered  to  the  saints,  and  the  rise 
and  triumph  of  adventitious  and  para- 
sitical doctrines.  Nor  will  this  result 
be  the  less  effectually  accomplished  in 
consequence  of  the  total  absence  of  any 
polemical  bias  in  the  pages  of  the  author 
before  us.  The  truth  itself  will  work  its 
own  results. 

Mrs.  Jamc&on  states  that  the  first  hiso 
torical  mention  of  a  direct  worship  paid 
to  the  Virgin  Mary,  occurs  in  a  passage 
in  the  works  of  St.  Epipbaniusi  who  died 
in  4o3  ;  that  the  first  instance  of  an  invo- 
cation to  Mary,  is  in  the  life  of  St,  Jus- 
tina,  as  related  by  Gregory  Naxianzen  ; 
and  that  it  is  to  the  same  period,  the 
fourth  century,  that  we  may  refer  the  most 
ancient  representations  of  the  Virgin  in 
art.  It  is  to  the  triumph  over  the  Nesto- 
rians,  effected  by  the  decree  of  the  first 
council  of  Ephesus  in  the  year  431,  that 
the  universally  accepted  group  of  Che 
Mother  and  Child  dates  its  origin.  Pre- 
viously to  that  era,  it  had  been  customary 
to  represent  the  Virgin  alone.  Nestorius 
miaintained  tliat  in  Christ  the  two  uattiren 
of  God  and  Man  remained  separate,  and 
that  Maiy,  the  human  mother,  was  parent 
of  the  man,  but  not  of  the  God;  conse- 
quently  the  title  which,  durijig  ibc  pre- 
vious century,  bad  been  applied  to  her, 
"Theotokos*'  (Mother  of  God),  was  im- 
proper and  profane.  His  opponents  de- 
clared that  in  Christ  the  divine  and  human 
were  blended  in  one  incarnated  nature  j 
undt  that  doctrine  prevailing  at  the  Council 
of  Ephesns,  Nestorius  and  biii  party  were 
condemned  as  heretics.  Thenceforth,  says 
Mrs,  Jameson,  the  represi-ntiition  of  Ihat 
beautiful  group,  since  popularly  known  as 
the  Madounn  and  Child,  became  the  ex- 
pression of  the  orthodox  faith;  and  as  the 
Cross  bad  been  the  primeval  symbol  which 
distingniahed  the  Christian  from  the  I'ajijan, 
sn  the  image  of  the  Virgin  Mother  and  her 
Child  now  became  the  symbol  which  dis- 
tinguished the  Catholic  Christian  from  the 
Nestorian  Dissenter.  *'  Every  one  who 
wished  to  prove  his  hatred  of  the  arch- 
herelic  exhibited  the  image  of  the  maternal 
Virfjin  holding  in  her  arms  the  infant  God- 
head, either  in  his  house  as  a  picture,  or 
^  F 


402 


Miscellaneous  Reviews* 


[April, 


embroidered  on  his  garments,  or  on  his 
furniture,  or  his  personal  ornaments — in 
short,  wherever  it  could  be  introduced.  It 
is  worth  remarking  that  Cyril,  who  was 
so  influential  in  fixing  the  orthodox  group, 
had  passed  the  greater  part  of  his  life  in 
Egypt,  and  must  have  been  familiar  with 
the  Egyptian  type  of  Isis  nursing  Horus. 
Nor,  as  I  conceive,  is  there  any  irreverence 
in  supposing  that  a  time-honoured  intel- 
ligible symbol  should  be  chosen  to  embody 
and  formalise  a  creed.  For  it  must  be 
remembered  that  the  group  of  the  Mother 
and  Child  was  not  at  first  a  representation, 
but  merely  a  theological  symbol  set  up  in 
the  orthodox  churches,  and  adopted  by  the 
orthodox  Christians." 

It  will  be  said  that  this  is  very  much 
like  an  apology  for  idolatry,  and  that  all 
idolatry  might  be  explained  and  excused 
by  a  similar  process.  Whilst,  in  our  opi- 
nion, it  does  not  amount  to  an  excuse,  it 
supplies  a  true  historical  key  to  so  lament- 
able a  perversion.  It  is  one  of  the  many 
examples  in  the  history  of  mankind,  of  the 
great  errors  resulting  n-om  party  triumphs, 
when  pushed  to  their  extreme  results. 
There  were  still  those  who  perceived 
the  dangers  to  which  the  purity  of  the 
faith  was  subjected ;  and  about  three 
centuries  later  a  determined  remonstrance 
broke  forth,  which  the  triumphant  party 
afterwards  termed  **  The  schism  of  the 
Iconoclasts.''  This  division  distracted 
the  Church  for  more  than  a  hundred  years. 
At  this  period  the  emperor  Leo  III. 
sought  to  exterminate  the  pictures  of  the 
Madonna ;  but  the  work  of  destruction 
was  carried  out  fully  in  the  Byzantine 
provinces  only,  for  pope  Gregory  II.  be- 
came an  apologist  for  sacred  art,  and 
after  the  death  of  the  emperor  Theophilus 
in  842,  his  widow  confirmed  the  "  ortho- 
dox" idolatry  even  among  the  Oriental 
Christians.  It  is  observable,  however, 
that  only  pictures  were  then  allowed :  all 
sculptured  imagery  was  still  prohibited, 
and  has  never  since  been  permitted  in  the 
Greek  church,  except  in  very  low  relief. 
The  flatter  the  surface  the  more  orthodox 
is  the  Christian  art  of  the  Greek  church. 

But  from  the  period  above-named  the 
Italian  church  has  indulged  in  all  kinds 
of  imagery, — a  prolific  source  of  her  mani- 
fold corruptions,  however  refined  in  the 
conceptions  of  the  great  masters  of  art. 

Mrs.  Jameson's  task  is  to  trace  at  once 
the  various  phases  of  religious  conception, 
and  the  various  styles  of  the  schools  of 
art ;  and  to  do  this  through  the  several  ages 
and  the  several  centuries  in  which  the 
worship  of  the  Virgin  has  been  developed 
might  well  have  occupied  a  larger  space. 
Her  survey  is  necessarily  summary  ;  but 


the  information  she  imparta  ia  tlfnjt 
satisfactory,  so  for  as  her  limits  will  allow. 
She  has  arranged  the  work  in  two  general 
divisions, — Devotional  sabjects,  uid  His- 
torical subjects;  and  the  former  into  two 
parU :  I.  The  Virgin  without  the  Child ; 
2.  The  Virgin  and  Child  ;  and  the  latter 
into  four :  1 .  The  Life  of  the  Virgin  from 
her  Birth  to  her  Marriage  with  Joseph  i  • 
2.  from  the  Annunciation  to  the  Retiun 
from  Egypt ;  3.  from  the  Sojonm  in  Egypt 
to  the  Crucifixion  of  our  Lord ;  and  4. 
from  the  Resurrection  of  onr  Lord  to  the 
Assumption.  Besides  these  portioDS  of 
the  work,  an  Introduction  of  more  than 
fifty  pages  contains  some  of  tlie  moat 
valuable  information. 

The  Historical  portion  of  the  anbjeet 
embraces,  it  will  be  porceiTod,  mneh  of 
the  actual  history  of  the  Saviour,  wher* 
ever  bis  mother  was  present ;  and  we  may 
here  mention  that  the  next  Tolame  pro* 
posed  by  Mrs.  Jameson  in  her  series  » to 
illustrate  "  The  Scriptural  and  Legendaiy 
Life  of  Our  Lord,  and  of  his  precursor^ 
St.  John  the  Baptist." 

Some  of  the  oldest  existing  pictarat 
of  the  Virgin  are  those  in  which  she  It 
represented  as  the  Divine  Mother  with 
the  Child  in  her  arms.  In  one  of  her 
plates  Mrs.  Jameson  has  copied  *'  fbnr 
genuine  and  renowned  pictures,  all  of 
which  have  the  credit  of  performiof 
miracles,  and  claim  a  fabulous  antiquity. 
Yet  of  the  many  miracle-working  Ma- 
donnas in  Italy,  popularly  attributed  to 
St.  Luke,  few  are  either  of  Greek  work- 
manship or  very  ancient.  Thus  the  Virgin 
of  the  Ara-Ccli  is  undoubtedly  as  Greek, 
and  old,  and  black,  and  ugly,  as  sanctity 
could  desire ;  while  the  rival  Madonna  In 
Santa  Maria  in  Cosmedino,  dark  as  is  its 
colour,  is  yet  most  lovely ;  both  Mother 
and  Child  are  full  of  grace  and  refined 
expression ;  but,  though  an  undoabtad 
*  original  St.  Luke,'  like  many  origiiud 
Raphaels  and  Titians,  it  is  not  even  a 
softened  copy  of  a  Greek  model ;  the  sen- 
timent is  altogether  Italian."  It  is  evident 
that  in  no  branch  of  art  is  the  asdstanoa 
of  a  critical  guide  more  required  than  in 
that  in  which  Mrs.  Jameson  has  come  to 
our  aid ;  for,  besides  the  ordinary  ohanoea 
of  error  and  mistatement  which  attend  aU 
pictures,  the  peculiar  circumstances  of 
superstitious  credulity  and  the  cupidity  of 
rival  shrines  have  tended  to  involve  sacred 
art  with  pretensions  peculiar  to  itself.  Of 
black  Virgins  the  author  gives  in  anotbar 
place  the  following  account : — 

"  Because  some  of  the  Greek  pictnrea 
and  carved  images  had  become  black 
through  age,  it  was  argued  by  certain 
devout  writers,    that  the  Virgin 


1853.] 


JULweUaneoui/  Review ji. 


most  have  been  uf  u  very  dark  complexion, 
snd  ia  fe¥our  of  this  idea  they  quoted  tbis 
text  from  the  Cau tides,  *  I  am  black,  but 
comely,  O  ye  daughters  of  Jerusalem,' 
But  others  say  that  her  complexion  Imd 
become  black  ualy  daring  b«r  liojourti  in 
Ejjrypt.  At  uU  events,  though  the  bkok- 
ness  of  tbeBe  antique  images  was  sapposed 
to  enhance  their  sanctity,  it  has  never  been 
imitated  in  the  fine  arts ;  and  it  b  quite 
contrary  to  the  description  of  NicephoruR, 
which  is  the  most  ^uclent  authority,  and 
that  which  is  followed  in  the  Greek  school/' 
(p.  Uii.) 

And  Ds  to  the  probability  of  any  pic« 
turci  being  the  work  of  Saiut  Luke : — 
*'  The  legend  which  represents  St.  Luke 
the  Apostle  as  a  painter  appears  to  be  of 
Eaitem  origin^  aod  quite  unknown  in 
Weatcm  Europe  before  the  first  crusade. 
It  crept  in  then,  and  was  accepted  with 
many  other  Oriental  snperstitiona  and  tra- 
ditions. It  may  have  originated  in  the  real 
exj^ttence  of  a  Greek  painter  named  Luca 
— a  saint,  toOf  he  may  have  been  i  for  the 
Greeks  have  a  whole  calendar  of  canonised 
artists — painters,  poets,  and  musicians  ; 
and  this  Greek  San  Luca  may  have  been  a 
painter  of  those  Madonnas  imported  from 
the  ateliers  of  Mount  Athos  into  the  West 
by  merchantK  and  pilgrimis  i  and  the  West, 
which  knew  but  of  one  St.  Luke,  may  have 
easily  confounded  the  painter  and  the 
eraAgQUst/'  Our  author  further  remarks 
that  the  Evangeliit  Lake  was  early  re. 
garded  as  the  great  authority  with  respect 
to  thipfew  Scripture  particulars  relating  to 
the  character  and  life  of  Mary;  so  thatt  in 
the  figurative  aensCt  be  may  be  said  to  have 
painted  that  portrait  of  her  whtch  has  been 
since  received  as  the  perfect  type  of  wo> 
manhood. 

With  respect  to  the  great  Sjianish  sub- 
ject of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  Mrs. 
Jameson  has  given  a  full  and  interesting 
account  both  of  its  rise  as  a  doctrine  and 
its  pictorial  treatment,  Thb  branch  of 
lier  subject,  though  hitherto  little  under- 
stood in  this  country,  was  evplaioed  in  a 
perfectly  coixicidcut  manner  by  a  writer  in 
our  Magazine  for  January  last^  at  p.  47. 
Mrs.  Jameson  tells  us  that  '*  Of  twenty- 
five  pictures  of  this  subject  painted  by 
Murillo,  there  are  not  two  exactly  alike ; 
aiul  they  are  of  all  sizes,  from  the  colossal 
figure  called  The  Great  Conception  of 
Seville  to  the  exquisite  miniature  reprc- 
seotation  in  the  poesession  of  Lord  Over- 
stOD,  not  more  than  fifteen  inches  in  Iteight. 
Lord  LanidowDehas  also  a  beautiful  small 
'  Conception/  very  simply  treated,**  (p. 
5^3.)  ''  We  must  be  careful  (it  19  remarked 
in  another  place)  to  distinguish  in  the  pic- 

EGuido  (and  all  similor  pictures 
ftcr  1615)  between  the  Assump- 


tion  and  Immaculate  Conception.  The 
small  finished  eketch  in  our  National  Gal- 
lery is  an  Assumption  and  Conception 
together :  the  Madonna  is  received  into 
heaven  as  Retina  Anffeiomm.  The  fine 
large  Abeumptton  in  the  Munich  Gallery 
may  be  regarded  as  the  be£t  example  of 
Guidons  manner  of  treating  this  theme. 
11  IS  picture  in  the  Bridgwater  Gallery, 
often  ityled  an  Assumption^  is  an  Imma- 
culate Conception."  (p.  351.) 

We  consider  the  correct  interpretation 
and  appreciation  of  works  in  our  own  pic> 
tare  galleries  to  be  one  of  the  raostinterest> 
ing  objects  attoined  by  Mrs.  Jameson's  re- 
j^eurches.  There  is  a  picture bcloogtng  to  the 
category  before  us  which  has  on  a  former 
occafiion  received  Gome  discussion  in  the 
pages  of  our  MagaEine.*  It  belonged  to 
Horace  Walpole,  and  an  engraving  of  it 
was  publish^LHl  in  his  Anecdotes  of  Paint- 
ing, under  the  title  of  **The  Marriage  of 
Henry  the  Sixth.  ^'  It  remained  at  Straw- 
berry Hill  until  the  sale  of  184!;^,  and  was 
then  purchased  by  the  Duke  of  Suther- 
land. This  Is  evidently  a  Marriage  of  the 
Virgin,  of  the  German  school.  The  Virgin 
is  crowned,  as  usual  in  her  later  pictures, 
and  her  bridegroom  ia  designated  by  a 
nimbus,  to  shew  his  saintly  character. 
"  The  ceremony  takes  place  (as  Mrs.  Jame« 
.son  states  to  be  the  usual  design)  in  the 
open  air,  in  front  of  the  Temple.'* 

A  picture,  which  is  said  to  have  adorned 
the  abbey  of  Leicester  before  its  dbsolu- 
tioo,  is  engraved  in  Nichols's  History  of 
LeiccsterBltire,  and  in  our  Magazine  for 
January,  Idtif.'i.t  It  is  of  a  type  which  we 
do  not  find  described  in  Mrs.  Jameson's 
work.  A  kneeling  ecclesiastic  addresses 
the  Virgin  with  these  wortls, 

Monstrii  te  esse  mat  rem, 

to  which  the  Divine  Mother  replies  by  the 
action  of  pressing  her  breast,  and  forcing 
forth  Q  stream  of  her  milk.  Mrs.  Jame- 
son alludes,  in  p.  7 4,  to  the  **  early  reli- 
gious, or  rather  conlroversial  meaning''  of 
the  Virgin  suckling  her  Infant ;  but  we 
have  failed  to  trace  in  her  pnges  any  ex- 
position of  this  particular  design.  Possibly 
it  repressnts  the  vision  of  some  highly- 
favoured  saint. 

It  will  be  the  part  of  the  English  anti- 
quary to  make  Mrs.  Jameson's  expositions 
more  directly  subservient  to  the  ancioit 
remsiDS  of  art  in  this  country;  for,  though 
we  do  not  possess  aoy  Old  Masters,  we 
have  wall-paintiogs  and  book-iilumioa- 
tions,  sculptures  in    our  churchesp   and 

•  VoL  arirni.  New  Series,  pp.  I7t  I!>7* 
t  The  original  is  tiow  in  the  possesatoa 

of  Bfr.  Nichols.     In  the  engravings  the 

subject  is  reverted  I 


404 


3i  hvetta  n  eo  «ik  livv  wwi . 


[April, 


carviiigB  in  vuriouA  niuk'riiil^,  eejuikbral 
brassua  oiitl  storied  ueals,  the  proper  Tin* 
dersUtidiDK  mid  armngement  uf  ivUicU  will 
be  muuk  facilitated  by  her  vjiluable  re- 
searches. 


The  Vale  Rot/ a  I  uf  England,  or  The 
Ct/unty  Palatine  of  Chester  illtmtraied, 
Abridtjed  and  Revked^  uith  Nolea^  HU' 
toricat  and  Explanalory^  by  Tiiomim 
Hoghes.  12wJ^.— The  book  which  goe« 
\itider  the  name  of  King's  Vale  lloyttll 
belougfl  to  the  earUest  cla^s  of  our  county 
topography.  Though  not  published  iintil 
the  year  1G56»  the  largest  portion  of  it, 
and  the  same  which  forms  the  present  re- 
printi  was  written  thirt>-live  years  btfore, 
in  the  reign  of  James  the  First.  It  wns 
therefore  preceded  only  by  the  itineraries 
of  Leland  and  tbc  general  descrijition  of 
Britaunia  by  Camden  j  and  i*  neurly  con- 
temporary with  tlie  surveys  of  Eorae  of  the 
countieij  made  by  John  Noiden. 

The  title  of  **  Vale  Royoir*  is  faatostic^ 
as  applied  to  tlic  whole  county  of  Chester, 
and  obsenre  to  a  fitrauj^er  until  explained. 
It  was  the  name  of  an  abbey  in  the  midst 
of  the  connty,  by  the  side  of  the  river 
Wi'evt  r.  *'  Methinka  it  probable  (observes 
the  writer  before  us)  that  King  Edwnril  llic 
First,  who  founded  here  the  abbey  to  which 
place  the  abbey  of  Darnlinll  was  translated, 
gave  this  name  to  tbb  goodly  tract  of 
grouuds  betwixt  the  forest  [of  Delnmcre] 
and  the  river  Weever,  by  his  huntiug  or 
other  princely  Exports  ;  as,  ou  tEje  late  oc- 
casion of  our  gracious  sovereij^n  [James  I.] 
Ilia  making  liie  house  here  [now  line  seat 
of  Lord  Delamere]  four  days  his  Royal 
Court,  while,  on  his  retnrnoutof  Scotlnnd, 
he  solaced  himself  by  his  disports  in  the 
Forest,  he  contirmed  it  imleed  to  be  a 
Royal  Vak,"  The  royal  visit  here  alluded 
lu  wiiN  the  mo>t  exciting  public  event  that 
bad  occurred  within  the  writer's  expcri- 
ettc«,  for  the  Couuty  Palattue  ^oa  beyond 
the  ordiLiary  limits  of  the  royal  progreuaeif, 
mxd  many  curious  details  of  It  are  given 
IQ  various  parts  of  his  work — (which  were 
woven  into  a  continuous  narrative  by  the 
moderp  Historion  of  Cheshire  for  Mr* 
Nichols's  Progresses  of  King  James  L) 

Dr.  Ormerod,  in  the  tirefacc  to  hi» 
History  of  Cheshire,  informs  us  that  the 
collection  published  by  Daniel  King  under 
the  name  of  "The  Vole  Royall  of  Eng- 
land,^' consists  of  three  treatises :  the  Arst* 
which  is  of  a  general  nature,  comnosed  by 
William  Smithy  Rouge  Dragon  Foursui- 
vant  in  the  rt igo  of  Elizabeth  ;  thesecondj 
by  William  Webb,  which  iQtdudes  a  very 
intcrcstirg  Itinerary  of  each  bumlred,  wos 
written  in  the  lutterpart  of  the  year  1621  ; 
find  the  last,  the  Chrouicou  Cestrcnse  of 
Samuel  Leei  wos  couipojscd  immedbtely 


previous  to  the  pubhcation  of  the  boolj 
and  with  a  view  to  insertion  in  it. 
credit  therefore  is  due  ti>  Daniel  King  ] 
an  author^,  but  only  as  the  publisher; 
Dr.  Ormerod  does  not  even  loforni  us  wbo 
King  wus,  whilst  he  gives  some  biogra- 
phical notices  of  the  three  authors.  The 
whole  of  the  *'  Vale  Roy  air*  waa  incor- 
porated in  Ornicrod*si  History  of  Cheshire, 
ejccepting  »5uch  portions  as  would  have 
been  absolutely  re[ietilions  of  the  same 
materials  which  were  otherwise  given  in 
that  work. 

Thcpreiieut  manual  consists  of  a  repntit 
of  what  Dr.  Ormerod  terms  the  **  very 
interesting  itinerary,*'  which  was  pcr- 
formc*!  by  Mr.  William  Webb,  a  master 
of  arts  and  lawyer,  who  had  ,i*^' ••  *  '  iv, 
under-sheriff.     He  wrote  in  a  • 

in  its  day  was  easy  and  agree<i       ,  '^ 

now  stilt  more  amusing  from  its  cjuuiut 
pleasantries,  ns  in  this  short  :iample  wbicli 
we  give  of  **  Sand  bach  J  whose  ehurcb  and 
lofty  steeple  draws  our  eye  to  behold  it. 
Sondhach  is  a  pretty  market  town,  «iid 
hath  belonged  tong  to  the  noble  race  of 
kitightfi  of  the  Hatclide^  of  Oidsall  in  Lan- 
cashire. Its  aei  I  nation  in  very  deligbtfut. 
The  chief  seigniory  thereof  now  belongs  to 
Sir  Randal  tVcw.  The  «de  here  at  Sand- 
bach  i.Hi  no  less  famous  then  thnt  of  Diirby 
for  a  true  mtppe  \  and  I  have  heard  men 
of  deep  experience  in  that  ekment  cunttmd 
for  the  ^vorth  of  it,  that  for  true  dagg<;r 
stnlfe  it  should  give  pbce  to  none/* 

W'ith  respect  to  the  manner  iu  wbivk 
Mr.  Hughes  has  performed  the  part  of 
editor  in  the  little  borjk  before  xxb^  wc  can- 
not speak  entirely  in  praise.  He  has  ap- 
pended numerous  notes,  chiefly  for  the 
purpose  of  staling  the  preitent  owners  uf 
estates,  and  occasiooally  to  describe  tlkc 
extinction  or  representation  of  aueient 
fumdies.  These  are  nseful  so  far  as  they 
go  ;  hut  the  great  omi&slou  is,  not  to  have 
spccitied  dbtinetly  the  jieriod  when  the 
text  was  written.  Losing  sight  of  WilkUm 
Webb,  and  the  reign  of  domes  the  First, 
he  misleads  the  reader  to  refer  the  work 
to  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  ceoturji 
and  the  authorship  to  Daniel  KJng,  aa  in 
the  following  ])as$age  upon  the  new  com- 
mercial neighbour  of  Liverpool.  "IJirkcu- 
head,  in  the  days  of  old  King,  and  for  L'lO 
years  afterwards,  merely  a  little  handct, 
has  now  risen,  as  If  by  magic,  to  be;  the 
second  town  in  the  county,  containing 
upwnrds  of  20,(HK)  inhabitanti.*'  Here, 
dating  from  the  writing  of  Webb  instead 
of  King,  we  ought  to  read  •'  300  years/* 
instead  of  150.  Should  the  *' Vale  Roj«U** 
ever  be  rc[n-inted  in  this  way  ngainf  lie 
trust  that  justice  will  at  last  be  done  to  tta 
author,  not  only  by  placing  the  name  of 
Willlank  Webb  more  promiaently  fonnudi 


1853.] 


Mistelfuneous  NeviewA, 


405 


bul  by  prffistiiig  uUo  souiu  biogrupliiml 
notice  of  him.  Tbt:  liala  of  Sheriffa  of 
Cheshire  and  Mayors  of  Chester,  with 
which  the  book  concludea,  should^  if  re- 
printed at  dl,  have  been  coatinucid  down 
tu  Ihc  present  time. 


Th€  Cothquiex  of  Edward  Oibornc, 
Citizen  tind  Viotkworker  0/  London.  Ah 
rcportedi/y  y"  AutAour  of*"*  Mary  PouelL'" 
— The  writer  who  IwB  already  acquired  a 
couiDideriible  sbare  of  popularity  by  thia 
fcriea  of  histoncal  fictioos  has,  we  thinks 
6urpa&ged  her  former  i^elf  lis  the  production 
before  ug.  There  ii  less  straining  after 
extravagaufe  of  aentimeot  and  ijuuiBtocss 
of  expression,  whicbi  ;j/ter  all,  form  but  a 
caricature  of  "  the  good  old  titnt's/*  and  a 
worthier  aim  at  a  natural  ifimpliclty  and 
gcottti  pathos,  which  J  however  ima^in?i  ry 
in  their  turn,  form  the  true  poetry  of  Huch 
revivnlu  of  ]»ast  manners*  In  order  to  draw 
a  fdillifiil  picturt'  of  the  life  of  the  citizens 
of  London  during  the  reign  of  Que-eQ 
Mary  the  author  lias  been  a  diligent  reader 
of  the  chronicles  of  the  period,  and  bus 
not  failed  to  avail  herself  judiciously  of  the 
various  iucidents  they  Lave  preserved, 
which  impart  au  air  of  truth  to  her  narra- 
tive. The  wclUknown  incident  in  the 
domeatic  history  of  the  family  of  the  Duke 
of  Leeds,  whose  founder,  whto  a  Londoo 
apprentice,  saved  the  life  of  bis  master's 
daughter  from  the  Thames  at  London- 
bridge,  and  afterwards  was  enriched  by  Iter 
band  and  her  fortuoe,  is  the  foundation  of 
the  story  ;  and  it  ii>  skilfully  combined 
with  one  of  the  most  btriking  events  in 
which  the  Bridge  w&a  concerned — the 
atiSEiult  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyat,  which  hap- 
pened whilst  Alderman  Hewitt,  the  dani- 
mI's  fathiTi  was  sberifT;  &nd,  in  addition, 
ihu  anxious  and  trying  scenes  of  the  M  ariau 
persecution  lend  a  deeper  interest  and  a 
severer  moral  to  the  tissue  of  the  tale* 

Torokins,  a  recluae  and  misanthropic 
weaver  in  Hewitt's  service,  is  taught, 
whiliit  attending  tbe  sick-bed  «f  the  boy 
(hhoTbtf  to  say  this  one  short  prayer, — 
God,  be  merciful  to  me*  a  sinner !  and  he 
afterwards  becomes  one  of  those  earnest 
and  indonntabk  afisertors  of  Christian  faith 
of  whom  Foxc  bas  preserved  so  many  ex- 
amples in  the  humbler  classes  of  life.  The 
cwt  in  the  Book  of  Martyrs,  which  repre- 
sents this  man  tortured  by  Bishop  Bonucr, 
by  the  appbcatioD  of  a  burning  cajidle  to 
his  hand,  will  be  familiar  to  all  who  have 
pored  over  those  attractive  old  folios. 

So  faithfully,  indeed,  does  the  author 
adhere  to  kno;vn  history,  even  in  minute 
particul.'irs,  and  so  perfect  is  the  verisinoi' 
litudc  proJuced  by  close  attention  in  this 
respect,  combined  with  aii  imitation  of 
coatcunKjrary    LiDgttsge    and    senlimcut, 


that  wc  arc  lem[»tcd,  perhaps  unreason- 
ahly,  to  object  to  any  obviouH  departure 
from  it.  The  heroine  of  the  tale  is  the 
only  child  of  a  widow  ctl  father,  and  brought 
up  by  a  maiden  aunt,  but  we  find  that  Lady 
Hewitt  actually  lived  to  the  yefltr  after  her 
Jiusband's  mayoralty,  and  died  on  the  8th 
April,  1561.  (Maebyn's  Diary,  p. 'iS-i,) 
This  variation  from  fact  may  be  conceded, 
for  the  sake  of  the  author's  "  cast  of  cha- 
rflclers  i  "  but  we  must  remark  that  she 
baa  aimed  cjctravagautly  high  in  intro- 
ducing Lord  Talbot  as  a  suitor  for  the 
hand  of  the  civic  heiress.  Some  poor 
nobleman  wonid  have  served  the  turn : 
but  the  heir  of  the  great  house  of  Shrews- 
bury, at  that  period,  h  too  improbable. 
And  is  not  the  time  too  early  for  **  l^aul's 
Walk^'  as  a  place  of  concourse?  We 
speak  under  correction.  It  may  bave 
been  so  even  before  the  Reformation  :  but 
we  believe  it  Is  chiefly  in  the  reigns  of 
Elizabeth  and  James  that  it  is  mentioued 
so  frequently  by  cotitemporary  writers  in 
that  character. 

In  tbe  atlusiou  to  Queeii  Mary's  coro- 
nation (p.  113)  is  a  more  palpable  ana- 
chronism, where  it  is  stated  that  **  when 
she  returned  'twas  with  the  swords  of  lAe 
three  kinffdomi  borne  sbeathed  before  her, 
and  another  unsheathed, — which  was  not 
the  Sword  of  the  Spirit,  * '  We  need  scarcely 
remark  that  the  three  swords  carried  at 
the  coronations  of  our  sovereigns  are  usu- 
ally interpreted  os  those  of  Spiritual  and 
Temporal  Justice  and  tbe  curfamt  of 
Mercy ;  and  that  the  fourth  sword  was 
the  sword  of  State,  In  the  detf4.Tiption  of 
Master  Hcwitt^iS  house  on  London-bridge 
we  are  told  that  it  '*bad  six  stories,  the 
loweiti  of  which  was  Mtjety  feet  above  tlie 
river."  This  is  perhaps  a  typographical 
error;  and  so,  in  p.  152,  **The  news  of 
tbe  rising  in  //er(/<*rr/#Airf,*'  concur- 
rent with  Wyat*s  rebellion,  should  read 
Herefordshire,  where  Sir  James  Croft  waa 
its  real  or  supposed  instigator*  At  p.  171 
our  utitbor  has  fallen  into  the  same  coq> 
fused  account  of  Wyat'si  surrender  which 
is  given  by  Miss  Strickland,  After  Wyat 
had  bi'cn  foiled  in  his  attennjt  to  enter  the 
city  of  L<mdon  at  Ludgate,  he  retreated 
in  despondency,  and  was  arrested  at  Tem- 
ple-bar,  not  at  Charing- cross,  nor  afler 
any  renewal  of  the  fight.  The  whole 
lighting  of  that  day  is  very  clearly  related 
by  HoUnshetl,  but  is  worked  up  into  most 
aduiirahle  eoufusion  in  the  melotlrame  of 
"The  Queens  of  England.^* 

There  is  one  other  oversight  in  (he  in* 
troductioQ  of  the  name  of  **  my  lord  Wrio- 
tbcfiley  "'  m  p.  20G.  Foxe  tells  tbe  story 
of  Barnes  the  mercer  in  Cheajiside  being 
persectitcd  by  the  lord  chaucellor  for  his 
supposed  concern  in  Che  destrnetion  of 


^ 


mm 


406 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[April, 


the  statue  of  Saint  Thomas  of  Canterbury  : 
that  lord  chancellor  was  bishop  Gardiner ; 
in  place  of  whose  name,  as  we  presume, 
our  author  has  taken  that  of  his  prede- 
cessor Wriothesley.  Finally,  we  may  men- 
tion that  the  chronicler  Fabian  is  erro- 
neously placed  (p.  293)  among  the  mayors 
of  London  :  he  was  sheriff,  but  not  mayor. 
We  have  criticised  this  well-constructed 
fiction  as  if  it  were  veritable  history,  con- 
sidering that  in  so  doing  we  pay  its  author 
the  greatest  possible  compliment.  It  would 
indeed  be  satisfactory  if  some  of  our  most 
popular  historians  required  as  small  a  pro- 
portionate space  to  exhibit  their  deviations 
from  accuracy. 

The  Olynihiacs,  6;c.  of  Demoaihenen. 
By  C.  R.  Kennedy.  (Bohn's  Ciasiical 
Library.)  pp.  312. — Longinus,  in  the  first 
of  his  Fragments,  places  Demosthenes 
foremost  of  those  orators  who  compose 
the  summit  (KOfXovU)  of  Greek  eloquence, 
which  idea  Harles  perhaps  adopted  when 
saying,  "  In  quo  fastigium  fuit  eloquentise 
Grfecse.'*  (Notitia,  p.  175,  art.  Demosth.) 
This  volume  contains  the  "  Olynthiacs 
and  other  Public  Orations  "*  of  Demos- 
thenes, and  will  be  followed,  we  hope,  by 
others  ;  for  it  is  remarkable  that  most  of 
the  specimens  selected  by  Longinus,  are 
from  those  which  were  not  included  under 
this  head.  The  ])reface  shows  that  the 
translator  well  understands  the  nature  of 
his  task,  though  the  requisites  he  makes 
will  alarm  the  caballi  of  the  press,  who 
traduce  into  English,  as  Ilobbrs  expresses 
it  in  his  Thucydides.  "  To  accomplish  all 
this,  not  only  mu&t  you  be  thoroughly 
familiar  with  the  language  which  you  trans- 
late, but  you  should  have  deeply  studied 
your  own,  and  even  know  several  besides." 
(p.  iii.)  To  exemplify  this,  the  reader  may 
turn  to  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  for  an 
anecdote  about  the  translation  of  Du 
Halde's  History  of  China.  This  preface 
is,  indeed,  a  critical  treat,  though  rather 
peculiar  in  point  of  style.  The  notes  are 
copious,  and  we  quote  one  from  page  l!i^O, 
as  just  and  pertinent:  "The  Spartans 
.  .  .  were  totally  unfit  to  manage  the  em- 
pire ;  at  the  head  of  which  they  found 
themselves  soon  after  the  humiliation  of 
Athens."  As  a  specimen  of  the  transla- 
tion, we  give  the  passage  chosen  by  Longi- 
nus (c.  xviii.  1),  to  show  the  advantage  of 
occasional  interrogation.  "  Or  tell  me, 
do  ye  like  walking  about  and  asking  one 
another,  Is  there  any  news  ?  Why,  could 
there  be  greater  news  than  a  man  of 
Macedonia  hubduing  Athenians,  and  direct- 
ing the  affairs  of  Greece  ?   Is  Philip  dead  ? 

*  Delivered  on  occasions  of  public  de- 
liberation.— Rk  v . 


No,  but  he  is  sick.  And  what  matten  it  to 
you?  ShottldanytbhigbefAl  thif  maii,jo« 
will  soon  create  another  Philip,  if  joa 
attend  to  businesi  thai."  (Ist  Philippic, 
p.  63.)  There  are  good  appendices  on 
the  history  of  Olynthus,  and  of  the  Thra- 
cian  Chersonesus,  and  others,  chiefly  on 
financial  matters;  but  in  the  first,  the 
story  of  Philip  and  the  archer  of  Methona^ 
wants  a  reference,  (p.  241.)  Mr.  Kennedy 
has  enriched  his  translation  by  parallels 
from  modem  history.  He  sometimes  stepa 
aside  to  controvert  Mitfbrd,  and  on  some 
points  agrees  with  Grote.  He  regards  the 
oration  *'  On  the  Treaty  with  Alexander" 
OS  the  production  of  Demosthenes,  "  bnt 
of  Demosthenes  dejected  and  terrifiedy 
willing  to  speak  consistently  with  himsdfa 
yet  not  daring  to  speak  all  that  he  feels.** 
(p.  226.)  This  is  a  reasonable  argament, 
and  reminds  us  of  Winstanley's  character 
(in  his  England's  Worthies)  of  Poller's 
Church  History,  '*  written  in  snch  a  time 
when  he  could  not  do  the  truth  right  with 
safety,  nor  wrong  it  with  honour.**  A 
chronological  t:ible  of  events  in  the  life  of 
Demosthenes  is  prefixed ;  but,  when  it  It 
merely  said  that  he  was  "  charged  with  re- 
ceiving a  bribe,"  in  the  affair  of  Harpalns, 
we  do  not  clearly  gather  the  writer's  ojd* 
nion.  If  this  is  the  hinguage  of  ezonlpa* 
tion,  it  is  faintly  uttered.  The  Tindication 
of  Demosthenes  formed  the  subject  of  an 
inaugural  thesis,  by  M.  Eyssell,  at  Mar- 
burg, in  18;i6,  under  the  ezpressife  title 
of  '*  Demosthenes  a  suspicione  ezoeptm 
ab  llarpalo  pecunise  liberatus.''  (Marb. 
8vo.  pp.  69.)  The  author  has  shown,  from 
Aulus  Gelliui  (xi.  1 1),  that  the  story  of  the 
orator's  voluntary  silence  is  also  told  of 
an  affair  concerning  the  Milesians,  and 
therefore  is  dubious  evidence  in  the  pre- 
sent case  (p.  43) ;  and  from  Pausaniaa  (ii. 
.33),  that  his  name  was  not  in  the  list  of 
Harpalus'  disbursements  for  bribery,  whieh 
came  into  the  hands  of  Philoxenos.  ^P* 
52.*)  Niebuhr  has  also  defended  him 
elaborately,  in  the  Slat  of  his  Lectures  on 
Ancient  History,  and  between  the  two  the 
vindication  appears  as  complete,  as  the 
evidence  now  extant  admits  of. 


Woman* 9  Record ;  or,  Skeiekss  qf  tM 
DUiinyuithed  Women,  from  **  Tho  Bo- 
ginning  "  until  A.D.  1850|  arranged  im 
four  Brae;  with  Selections  from  FewuUo 
Wriiere  qf  every  Age.  By  Sarah  Josephn 
Hale.  Royal  Svo.  — This  is  an  adventurous 
and  gigantic  undertaking:  no  less  than 
the  biography  of  the  illustrious  Females  of 
all  time.  But  what  is  too  vast  for  Ame« 
rican  enterprise  ?  or  what  difficulties  shall 
daunt  the  strong-minded  woman  of  the 

*  A  copy  of  the  thesis  is  now  before  as* 


18fi3.3 


Mitcellcmeowt  Reviews. 


\ 


I 


I 


States  ?  Mrs.  Hale,  at  leaBt^  baa  not  been 
nfraid  of  literary  toil  '*  A.t  nny  rate,** 
she  iftjif  **  my  book  has  coat  me  three 
yeari  of  hard  fltwdy  and  l&bottr  to  make 
it."  The  result  is  a  lar^e  voliioie  of  more 
than  9H0  pages,  in  small  typr  and  double 
columns,  coutfiiningt  as  Mr.  Colburii  is 
wont  to  tell  U8  of  his  History  of  the 
Lajided  Gentry, ^ — more  than  aome  hve  or 
fix  ordinary  volumes  of  light  reading— a 
very  Cyclopedia  of  feminine  atchievementa. 
There  is  something  impressive  and  moou- 
mental,  ai  it  vpere,  in  the  form  of  the  book  : 
and,  though  hvf  readers  will  prefer  n  pon- 
derous tome  to  a  light  one — inasmuch  aa 
it  cannot,  m  Dr.  Johnson  says,  be  taken 
to  the  fire  ;  yet  this  form  ia  part  and  parcel 
of  another  requisite  of  American  iitera- 
ture^that  of  cheapness.  To  speak  then 
of  iti  execution.  The  author  bas  pur- 
sued her  task  with  evident  diligence, 
and  the  result  ia,  in  many  instances,  well 
ealcubited  to  gratify  the  curiosity  of  her 
readers,  and  to  sfTord  them  instruction  and 
entertainmeiiit.  At  the  same  time  she  has 
needlessly  added  to  her  difficulties,  by  an- 
dcrtnking  the  delicate  task  of  passing  jodg- 
mcnt,  not  only  on  the  productions ^  but 
alflo  on  the  eondact.  of  herconteraporariesj 
and  in  this  respect  we  must  odd  tliat  we 
think  her  cwirage— vye  should  rather  aay 
her  presumption,  baa  curried  her  too  far. 
Such  oommenti  on  the  events  of  private 
life  as  occur  in  the  articles  on  Lady  Lytton 
Bulwer,  Mrs,  Jameson,  and  some  others, 
if  tnmde  by  a  native  author  would  be  Tisited 
with  distinct  reprobation^  if  not  by  an  ap- 
pUcatioii  of  the  bw  of  libel ;  and,  thougli 
no  harm  may  be  meant,  they  must  at  least 
bo  deemed  impertinent  on  the  port  of  a 
Transatlantic  censor. 

Mrs.  Hale's  plan  embraeea,  af  expressed 
in  her  title-page,  tlic  whole  world,  and  that 
from  the  car!ir'5t  times:  but  the  majority 
of  her  bio^apbies  are  of  modern  persoui, 
and  those  chielly  American,  English,  and 
French.  Whilst  distinguished  females  of 
every  class  fall  within  the  scope  of  her 
review,  she  has  special  regard  to  the 
authors :  of  whom  she  gives  not  only 
biographical  details  and  characters,  but 
also  selected  specimens  of  thctr  writings. 
This  is  a  feature  which  li^nds  variety  and 
interest  to  the  book*  Mrs.  Hale  remarks, 
that  '*  Within  the  last  fifty  years  more 
books  have  been  written  by  women  and 
about  women  than  all  that  had  hecn  bsued 
during  the  preceding  five  thousand  and 
eight  hundred  years.  Far  the  greater  por- 
tion of  works  concerning  the  female  sex 
has  been  published  within  the  Uat  twenty 
years.  Since  the  idea  of  this  *  Woman's 
Record  '  occurred  to  me — ^just  three  years 
ago  to-day — a  dozen  or  more  of  these 
hooks  have  appeared.     Among  them  are 


'  Noble  Deeds  of  Women, ^  *  Mothers  of 
the  Wise  and  Good,^  *  Heroines  of  Mit- 
tionary  Enterprise,'  *  Woman  in  America/ 
*  Woman  in  France/  and  *  Woman  in  all 
Ages  and  Nations/  Three  of  these  works 
are  by  men  ;  thus  showing  that  a  deep  in- 
terest in  this  subject  pervades  society. 
Each  work  has  its  peculiar  merits,  but  no 
one  is  satisfactory,  because  none  contains 
the  true  idea  of  woman^s  nature  and  mis- 
sion }  therefore  each  work  has  only  made 
tny  own  seem  to  me  more  necessary.^' 

In  somecasesuur  British  authoresses hafe 
lived  longer  than  it  seems  Mrs.  Hale  could 
possibly  ima^ne.  This  in  happily  still  the 
caae  with  Mrs.  Opic,  though  the  biographer 
states  that  ♦'  Mrs.  Opic  tlied  in  1819/' 
and  also  with  Miss  Lucy  Aikin,  of  whom 
it  is  represented  that  *'  she  lived  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  and  the  early 
part  of  the  present  century.^'  The  like 
statement  U  also  applied  to  the  late  Mrs. 
West,  of  Little  liowden,  who,  having 
survived  the  Jirni  Katf  of  the  nineteenth 
centuryi  died  on  the  25th  March,  1852, 
and  n  memoir  of  her  was  given  in  our 
vol.  XXXVllI.  p.  9[».  There  arc  other 
important  mistakes:  such  as  imagining 
Mrs.  Southey  to  have  been  a  sister  of  Lisle 
Bowles  I  that  Mrs,  Bray  *' is  a  native  of 
Devonshire"' — a  county  we  belie^re  she 
never  saw  until  after  the  death  of  her  first 
husband  ;  and  that  I^dy  Charlotte  Guest 
*'  was  born  in  Wales  " — the  connection 
originating,  as  in  Mrr}.  Bray's  case,  with 
the  lady's  marriage  instead  of  her  birth. 
The  maiden  name  of  Mrs.  Gaskell  {not 
Gaakill)  the  author  of  *  Mary  Barton/' 
was  Stevenson,  not  Stromkin.  Besides 
these  errors  of  fact,  we  find  names  of 
English  places  and  persons  frequently 
misspelt, — in  one  caae  throughout  a  whole 
biography,  where  I^dy  Colquhoun,  the 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Sinclair,  of  Ulbstcr 
— which,  naturally  enough,  is  turned  into 
E/iTjr/er  ,ta  com  me  mo  rated  as  Jantt  VQlquoh  ml 
Of  Miss  Catharine  Talbot  we  are  told* 
with  a  still  more  ridiculoui^  blmvdcr,  that 
she  was  **  niece  to  Lord  Talbot,  created 
eari  nf  Chaneeihr  in  17:13.^'  Lord  chan- 
ctfllor  Talbot  was  never  an  carl,  but  was 
crcAted  baron  Talbot  of  Hensol  in  that 
year;— his  son  an  earl  in  IT^il.  Prom  aome 
similar  misapprehension  of  the  aristocratic 
offices  of  the  mother  country,  Sir  William 
St.  Loe^  one  of  the  husbands  of  Elisa- 
beth Countess  of  Shrewsbury  ('^fiess  of 
Hardwick^'),  is  styled  "grand  batlcr 
of  England."  And  it  is  plain  that  Mrs. 
Hole  oinnot  have  seen  Mr*  Peter  Cuoning- 
ham^s  **  Story  of  Nell  Gwyn/'  or  she 
would  not  have  admitted  the  perfectly  un- 
founded statement  that  "  her  real  name 
WAS  Margaret  Symeott." 

Anne^  Margaret,  and  Jane   Seymour. 


409 


MUcettaneons  Reviewi 


[April, 


tbc  dattghtcrs  of  Edward  Duke  of  Somcr- 
Bct,  can  KGftrcely  be  said  to  be  *'  known 
for  their  poetical  talents/*  inosmach  aa 
tbeir  Latin  verses  to  the  memory  of  Queen 
Margaret  of  VcJois,  their  only  extant  pro- 
duction, must  hnve  been  rather  the  work 
of  their  tutor  than  themselves.  But  o 
more  interestine  blogrmphical  notice  migtit 
bo  written  of  Jaoe  the  youngest  sisler, 
inasnmc!i  as  she  was  destined  by  her  father 
to  be  bride  of  King  Edward  VI. »  and  was 
aftei-wardg  a  maid  of  honour  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  and  has  a  remarkable  epltai^h 
in  Westminster  Abbey,  She  also  itidittfd 
an  epii^tle  to  the  reformerji  Bucer  and 
Fagius,  which  is  printed  in  the  Zurich 
Letters  of  the  Parker  Society.  (See  further 
of  her  in  the  notes  to  Macbyn's  Diary, 
p.  S84.)  Margaret  the  eldest  sister  was 
married  first  in  1549,  in  the  presence  of 
her  cousin  King  Edward,  to  the  Lord 
Lisle,  soon  after  Earl  of  Warwick,  the  heir 
apparent  of  the  great  Duke  of  Northum- 
berland, and  secondly  to  Sir  Edward  Un- 
ton  (not  **  Hunter,''  as  Mr&.  Hale  girei 
the  name);  and  her  subsequent  history 
may  be  found  in  *'  The  Unton  Invcn- 
torie*,''  18-JK  |'P-  sxiv.  et  acq. 

Undertaking  to  commemorate  every 
class  of  female  emincDce,  Mrs,  Hale  has 
necessarily  to  introduce  some  of  the  ac- 
tresses. She  does  not,  however,  descend 
to  io  low  a  scsle  in  the  ranks  of  tliat  pro- 
fession as  in  some  others.  She  is  unaware 
that  Miss  Stephens  is  the  present  Countess 
of  Essei ;  and  labours  under  the  mlsap- 
prebension  that  Mrs.  Charles  Kean  has 
retired  from  the  stage — whereas  she  is,  and 
has  been  no  less  since  her  marriage  than 
before,  a  highly  popular  actress.  The  words 
**  we  belieire*'  qualify  Mrs.  Hale's  state- 
ment  j  hot,  Furely»  it  would  have  been 
perfectly  easy  by  means  of  Engliiib  corres- 
pondence to  ascertain  this  and  other  facts. 

The  book  is  illustrated  with  a  large 
number  of  portraits,  engraved  on  wood, 
which,  witli  a  few  exceptions,  are  grace- 
fully executed,  and,  so  far  as  we  can  judge, 
preserve  tht  likenesses.  But  among  them 
is  at  least  one  serious  error :  in  place  of 
the  head  of  Queen  Mary,  the  daughter  of 
Henry  VI IL,  is  substituted  one  of  Quemi 
Jane  Seymour.  And  what  shall  we  say 
to  the  head  of  Mrs.  Barbauld  ?  Surely 
that  never  was  drawn  for  the  venerable  in- 
stmctress  of  our  youth.  Perhupij  it  is  that 
of  Theresa  Bandettini,  the  Italian  impro- 
ritatrice,  whose  memoir  precedes  that  of 
Mrs.  Barbauld.  We  may  olso  note  that 
it  was  Mrs.  Barbauld 's  brother^  and  not 
her  father,  who  asjtiiled  in  the  compo«itio& 
of  **  Evenings  at  Home/' 

Mjf  Noml.     By  Sir  E.  L.  Bulwer,  BarL 
4  wis.^Hsrrp  Muir,  %  Ike  Aftihor^SM  of 
9 


"  PtMOffis  in  the  Life  af  Mm.  HwrparH 
Maitland.^'  3  PoU. — Our  monthly  array 
of  books  U  not  without  specimens  of 
fiction  ;  first,  we  have  a  noble  novel  by  Sir 
Edward  Lytton  Bulwer,  which,  though  not 
new  to  readers  of  Blackwood,  will  be,  per- 
haps, only  now  thoroughly  enjoyed.  ITiat 
it  is  too  long  we  cannot  but  say.  Limited  to 
three  vols,  it  might  have  been  made  nearly 
faultless,  for  all  that  i^  amtss  comes  from 
excess.  As  it  is,  the  first  two  of  the  four 
are  much  the  best.  How  bright  and  fresh, 
even  as  the  dew  of  an  early  morning,  is 
the  wit  of  these  volumes  !  How  profoand 
their  wisdom  1  Sir  E.  L.  Bulwer  is,  in- 
deed, a  man  to  be  envied  for  the  health  hi  I, 
elastic  tone  of  mind  and  feeling  wliic'^i 
alone  can  enahle  an  author  to  embody  in 
fiction  BO  much  that  is  both  good  and 
great.  The  characters  of  the  Bnglish 
squire  and  old-fashioned  clergyman^  but 
most  of  all,  that  of  Riccabocca,  are  charm- 
ing. How  kindly  wise  are  the  gentle  coun- 
sels of  the  experienced  exile  to  the  English 
youth,  and  how  admirable  the  village 
scenes  of  discontent  and  reconcilijition  ! 
We  neither  would  disparage  onr  Thacke- 
ray nor  Dickens,  but  "  The  Coztons*'  and 
^*  My  Novel  **  rank  in  our  minda  still 
higher  than  the  best  prodaotioos  of  Uioae 
gifted  men. 

Another  lady^a  novel,  too  ! — '*  Harry 
Muir,'*  is  not  equal  in  talent  to  the  works 
of  cither  Miss  Mnlock,  Mrs.  GaskfU,  orj 
Miss  BroDt^j  but  \t  will  not  have  to  fighfe 
its  way  through  dijiputed  questions,  focia' 
or  moral,  and  it  is  easily,  cleverly,  and  ill I 
some    parts    strikingly  written.      SUll    it] 
is  inferior  to  the  author's  former  novel«»] 
especially  to  ''  Adam  Greame."     The  in- J 
tercst   of  the  narrative  is  too  much  de«  i 
pendent  upon  some  rather  common^pbee  \ 
devolopuients  of  weakness,  in  a  cliarscler 
which  is  not /e//,  but  only  talif  to   Km 
very  engaging.     One  of  the  best  drawti 
personages  is  Martha,  though  even  here  wdJ 
think  the  strength  of  the  religious  priocipte] 
would,  in  real   life,    have   saved  stieh   %\ 
character  from  the  fierce  and  BOmelim« 
unrcasotiahle  and  even  unjust  devotioo  1 
the  worthless  hero.    Sandy  Mair  is  betterJ 
We  regard  him  as  one  of  the  most  real  aniT 
delightful  of  characteri.   Good,  too»  is  the 
Old  Dragon,  with  his  secret  cravings  after 
Shakspere,  and  cousctentious  borningt  of 
iitm,  page  after  page,  as  he  reads. 

Few  readers  will  begin  **  Harry  Miiir  '• . 
without  being  carried  on  to  the  end,  i 
will  any,  we  think,  recur  to  the  time  sO 
expended  with  regret  or  misgiving. 


BeriMa  die  Spinfteriih     Von  Knrl  Sin 
rock.    {B«r(ha  the  Spintter,)    PranlfHr 
n  Afaifi,  \^WS.  pfi,  lii2,  tm,  8w.  wttk  i 
ffrawri  tiUe-ftlaU. — In  thia  elegant  littl 


1853.] 

volume  Simrock  has  first  given  us  an 
origiual  Germ  an  puttieal  version  of  the  eld 
lialf.mytbic  legeod  of  Bertha  the  Sjiinstcn 
the  wife  of  the  Frank Uh  King  Plpin  aud 
Ihe  mother  of  KarlinagQus.  This  poem 
occupies  forty -six  pages,  and  araida  that 
common  fault  iu  modern  compositiona^ — 
sentiment.  U  is  e?en  too  hard  and  nakfd, 
axnt  is  so  bare  of  all  the  graces  of  song  that 
it  would  have  read  ce|naUy  well  in  prose. 
Nejit  come  the  notes,  vvbicb  add  very 
much  to  the  value  of  the  work.  They 
connect  the  old  Frankish  heroine  with  the 
still  cldpr  figures  of  the  German  and 
Northern  mythology.  We  see  her  passing 
over  into  the  mother  of  the  gods^  Ncrthus, 
NiOrdhrj  Freir^  Hel,  Skeaf,  &c.  Much  of 
thia  comment  is  interesting^  some  thinga 
arc  new,  at  least  in  their  present  combina- 
tions, and  a  large  portioti  Is  an  example  of 
that  violent  school  of  etymology  and  learned 
gueas  and  capriciouB  parallelism  among 
the  modern  Germans*,  by  which  any  tlijng 
\b  made  to  mean  every  thing,  and  tifery 
thing  becomes  nothing  at  all.  Of  course 
the  **  German  "  of  the  author  inclndesi  as 
uiualr  the  whole  North  (ScaudioaTia  and 
England  )t  the  Saxon  tribes,  and  Germany 
proper  1  When  will  the  Germans  baTC  done 
with  this  usurping  insolence  ? 

The  origin,  application,  and  literature  of 
the  myth  itself  ore  by  no  means  exhausted 
in  these  pages,  but  they  cast  great  light  on 
the  subject,  and  will  be  welcomed  by  ail 
students  of  folk-lore  and  tradition*  Hun- 
dreds of  half-mythic  talcs  exist  in  middle* 
age  recensiout ;  it  would  be  well  if  they 
were  more  frequently  thus  made  the  subject 
of  careful  study  by  accomplished  anti- 
i^uaries.  An  exact  analysit*  of  this  kind 
would  often  illustrate  the  early  belief  and 
history  of  our  fore  fill  hers  and  tiieir  kindred 
peoples. 

Det  norske  Sprout  tui^tentliffite  Ord' 
fon'aadt  Mammeniitfnit  m«d  Santkrit  op 
andre  Sprog  afsamntE  jEt*  Bidraff  til  en 
norjuU  eiymologuk  Ordbog  af  Cbr.  Andr. 
1 1  ol m b 0 e ,  ^'c .  {The principal  word'trnm 
of  ihe  Norwegian  language  f  compared  with 
Sanserii  and  other  iunguen  of  ihe  same 
famUg,  A  cojitribuiiori  to  a  Norse  Ety* 
moloyical  Lexicon »  Bg  C.  A«  Holmboe, 
Prq/'esxor  of  the  Oriental  languages  in  the 
Universitg  of  Christiania^  S(C.  i(e.)  Wien, 
1852.  Atfi.  pp.  XX.  and  49tj. —  Cognate 
dtaleets  are  being  daily  more  and  more  ex- 
plained and  illustrated  by  the  labours  of 
learaed  men  on  some  particular  branch. 
English  and  Scotch,  for  instance,  are  in- 
timately connected^  in  fact  much  of  what 
commonly  goes  under  the  latter  name  is 
only  North  and  Early  English.  Jamieaon's 
famous  Dictionary,  his  invaluable  and  well- 
known  four  ijuartos^  were  therefore  almost 

Gent,  Mag.  Vol,  XXXIX. 


Misvtsllan cu tui  Jitvieus, 


40^ 


as  precious  and  welcome  a  pit  to  ourselves 
as  to  the  sister  kingdom,  the  bonny  land 
of  cakes.  So  with  English  and  German, 
which  J  as  we  know,  have  thousands  of 
words  in  common.  H  ence  Grimm''K German 
Dictionary,  that  great  and  masterly  work 
which  is  now  appearing  in  ports,  will  he 
on  the  table  of  every  British  philologist. 
But  Engliifh  is  e5i=enriuMy  a  Northeni,  not 
a  German,,  tongue,  and  any  scientific 
trtjutise  or  etymological  work  on  any  one 
of  the  Northern  diuk^ets  ia  a  direct  contri- 
bution to  the  literature  of  our  own  tongue. 

We  therefore  at  once  turned  to  the  some- 
what ambitious  work  announced  by  Prof. 
Holmbae  with  reasonable  bopea  of  a  fund 
of  information  on  the  etymology  of  our 
mother-speech,  especially  as  it  was  pub- 
lished at  the  expense  of  the  Norwegian 
Academy  of  Sciences. 

But  we  hud  not  read  five  pages  before 
we  were  grievously  disappointed.  The 
book  is  the  composition  of  an  ignorant 
dilettante,  who  has  no  clear  ideas  of  the 
relative  v^ilues  of  the  dialects  he  uses  in 
illustriition,  who  has  onty  an  index  and 
dictionary  acquaintaiice  (often  at  second 
hand)  with  their  stocks,  of  words,  and  who 
consequently  commits  the  most  horrible 
philological  crimes  with  the  calmest  micu 
in  the  tvorJd  E  He  takes  a  certain  root, 
assembles  ^all  the  words  from  eaat|  west, 
north,  and  south,  which  have  any  likeness 
to  the  ear  or  the  eye,  throws  them  to- 
gether, Qud  leaves  the  reader  to  liis  fate. 
A  profound  SanskTit  s^ehohir  of  our  ac 
quaintmiee  is  seized  vriih  convulsions  every 
time  he  opens  the  book,  and  we  ourselves 
hove  often  been  struck  with  flstonifihment 
at  the  blind  hardihood  of  the  writer. 

This  language  is  not  too  strong.  In  the 
hands  of  a  linguist  the  work  will  be  useful, 
for  it  will  save  him  some  mechanical 
labour;  but  the  general  student  muj^t  weigh 
every  word  before  he  lets  it  pass,  or  ho 
will  be  led  inio  the  most  deplorable  ab- 
surdities. The  book  is  elegantly  printed 
at  the  Imperial  Vienna  printing-office. 


A  Legend  o/ Pembroke  Cantle^  and  other 
Taie4,  By  Frances  Georgiana  Herbert. — » 
The  largest  portion  of  these  volumes  is 
occupied  by  an  bistoric;il  romance^  upon 
the  adventures  of  Henry  Tudor  Earl  of 
Richmond,  from  his  early  youtli  to  his 
esUibltiihmetit  on  the  English  throne.  The 
scene  opens  with  the  siege  of  Pembroke 
Castle,  by  the  Yorkists,  under  Sir  William 
Herbert,  of  Raglaud,  in  Monmouthshire  * 
after  the  defeat  of  the  Tudor  brotbera  at 
Mortimer's  Cross,  and  the  flight  of  the 
survivor,  Jasper  Earl  of  rembroke,  over 
sea^.  The  we  11 -described  stratagem  by 
which  the  castle  and  its  juvenile  inmate» 
the  little  Enrl  of  Ilichmoadi  fell  into  hie 
3U 


410 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[April, 


hands,  was  the  eveut  which  first  brought 
into  his  family  the  title  of  that  earldom, 
with  which  it  is  still  decorated. 

A  warm  and  proud  interest  in  the  anti- 
quities of  her  family  is  not  dissembled  by 
our  authoress ;  and  she  has  adopted  that 
account  of  its  origin  which  deduces  it 
from  Pepin  king  of  Italy,  and  son  of 
Charlemagne,  through  the  powerful  Her- 
berts Counts  of  Vermandois.  But  other 
schemes  of  genealogy  are  current  in  Eng- 
land and  Wales ;  and,  when  we  consider 
the  dreary,  unrecorded  state  of  history  at 
the  sad  epoch  when  the  Lords  of  Verman- 
dois flourished,  and  that  Capetian  historio- 
graphers have  failed  to  divine  the  origin 
of  Robert  the  Strong  and  Odo  Duke  of 
France,  contemporaries  of  the  Counts 
Herbert,  we  cannot  (with  deference  to 
heraldic  kings  and  pursuivants)  feel  en- 
tirely convinced  that  the  descents  of  the 
Earls  of  Powys  and  Pembroke  were  duly 
commemorated  in  that  mute  and  unknown 
age.  But  we  must  not  quarrel  with  lofty 
imaginations,  which  may  have  truth,  and 
which  have  lent  zeal  and  spirit  to  a  lively 
pen. 

The  new  earl  showed  himself  worthy  of 
the  honours  he  had  won,  by  the  fidelity 
and  parental  care  with  which  he  cherished 
and  protected  the  early  years  of  Henry, 
and  reared  almost  to  manhood  in  the 
bower  of  the  White  Rose  that  bold  and 
wary  adventurer  who  was  destined  to  extin- 
guish the  fiercest  and  last  of  its  warriors. 

The  battle  of  Banbury,  won  by  the 
changeful  Warwick,  and  '•  false,  fleeting, 
perjured  Clarence,"  sent  the  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke to  the  8cai9bld,  and  restored  Pem- 
broke for  a  moment  to  Earl  Jasper. 

The  forte  of  this  work  certainly  lies  in 
description,  not  so  much  that  of  land- 
scapes as  of  critical  scenes  enacted.  The 
conveyance  of  young  Richmond  from  his 
retreat  in  Talky  Abbey  to  the  coast, 
through  the  quarters  of  the  Yorkite  bri- 
gands under  ^lortimer,  and  in  spite  of 
the  collusion  of  an  unfaithful  guide,  is  a 
highly-spirited  picture,  not  to  be  con- 
templated without  breathless  anxiety. 
Among  the  many  perils  and  escapes  which 
the  hero  goes  through  in  England,  Wales, 
and  Britany,  he  obtains  mysterious  aid 
and  warnings  from  a  wise  lady  of  oriental 
origin,  of  whom  Eleanor  Cobham,  duke 
Humfrey's  wife,  had  been  umquhile  the 
patroness.  Whether  her  faculties  really 
extended  beyond  the  normal  course  of  our 
nature,  is  somewhat  indistinctly  set  forth ; 
but  part  of  her  language  seems  to  "  attain 

To  something  like  prophetic  strain," 

and  we  must  probably  assign  her  a  place 
among  the  mysterious  order  of  clairroy- 
antes.    The  deiciiptioii  of  her  residence 


in  London,  of  dingy  exterior,  and  entered 
through  dull  and  gloomy  panagea,  baft 
leading  into  a  choice  garden  and  enjoyable 
abode,  furnished  by  knowledge  and  tastea 
superior  to  those  dismal  timet,  ia  one  of 
the  strong  passages  of  our  fair  biatorian. 

It  is  almost  superfluous  to  aay  that 
Miss  Herbert  does  not  belong  to  the  daaa 
of  "  historic  doubters,''  aYid  apologiata  of 
Richard  duke  of  Gloucester ;  bat  takea 
the  popular  and  natural  view  of  hia  cha- 
racter and  actions.  With  an  intellect 
sharpened  and  a  heart  hardened  in  tbe 
finishing  school  of  civil  wars,  hia  main 
virtue  was  an  unswerving  devotion  to  the 
cause,  and  to  the  brother  who  was  ita  type 
and  embodiment.  When  he  turned  aaide 
from  that  unscrupulously  consistent  path, 
to  nip  with  his  own  hand  the  white  ouda 
from  the  bush  he  had  tended  through  life, 
the  spell  of  that  life  was  broken,  and  he 
ceased  to  merit  confidence  from  any  man, 
and  to  repose  it  on  any.  * 

Richard  fought  the  battle  of  Boaworth, 
with  a  few  trusty  comrades ;  like  an  Ajaz 
or  Achilles  of  old.  Single  combat  waa 
the  chance  of  success  to  which  he  waa  re- 
duced ;  and  to  avert  that  haxardooa  arbi- 
trament, talvo  honorti  waa  the  main  bnai- 
ness  of  Henry's  commanders  in  that  aham 
fight.  His  death  waa  a  romance  ready 
made.  It  is  history,  not  embellisbmenty 
that  with  one  blow  he  struck  Sir  William 
Brandon,  the  standard-bearer  of  Stanley^ 
dead,  and  with  another  flung  Sir  Jolua 
Cheyney  from  his  horse.  It  may  be  well 
asked,  whether  this  waa  the  arm  ''aU 
shrivelled  and  decayed,'' 

And  like  a  blasted  sapling  withered  np, 

which  the  lord  protector  showed  at  the 
council-board,  and  ascribed  to  the  aoroe* 
ries  of  Jane  Shore,  whilst  all  were  aware 
that  the  infirmity  had  attended  him  from 
his  birth.  These  legends  do  not  belong 
to  history,  but  to  the  popular  mythology, 
encouraged  by  the  Tudora,  of  a  honch- 
back'd  goblin  king,  for  dogs  to  bark  and 
babes  to  scream  at. 

No  doubt  great  obscurity,  amounting 
tc  mystery,  overhangs  the  proceedinga  of 
Richard  and  Henry  ;  and  until  fresh  evi- 
dences arise,  doubt  and  divided  opinions 
will  continue  to  exist  The  inability  of 
King  Henry  to  find  the  bodies  of  Edward 
the  Fifth  and  his  brother  is  referred  by 
Miss  Herbert  to  the  *'  secret  mode  of  the 
murder  and  place  of  interment."  Yet  it 
is  difiicult  fully  to  believe  in  that  inability. 
But  the  want  of  the  will,  and  conaeqoeat 
want  of  the  way,  does  not  neceasarily  aet 
up  the  case  of  the  Perkinists.  For  a  royal 
funeral  would  tend  to  recognise  the  prinoaa 
of  York  as  kings,  Elizabeth  the  Firat  aa 
regnant  queen,  and  failing  ber  (then  child- 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


411 


less)  Edward  Plantagenet  Earl  of  War- 
wick as  actual  true  king.  Therefore  be 
might  wish  to  let  the  dead  dynasty  bury 
its  own  dead. 

Our  young  authoress  has  not  departed, 
in  any  way  that  is  exceptionable,  or  ex- 
ceeding the  nature  and  purpose  of  such 
compositioDS,  from  the  record  of  events, 
which  she  has  diligently  studied.  But  the 
character  of  the  hero,  more  specious  than 
that  of  his  turbulent  precursors,  does  not 
come  out  of  her  hands  an  unembellished 
portrait. 

Scenes  and  Impressions  of  Italy  and 
Switzerland,  By  the  Rev.  D.  T.  K.  Drum- 
mond.  {Edinburgh.) — This  is  a  respectable 
and  very  well-intentioned  volume,  which 
will  find  a  public  ready  to  enter  into  its 
author's  feelings  and  suggestions.  We 
ourselves  think  that  it  bears  rather  too 
much  the  stamp  of  one  rigid  and  ever  ar- 
bitrary party,  which,  regarding  its  own  in- 
terpretation of  Scripture  and  Scripture 
itself  as  one  and  the  same,  as  a  matter  of 
necessity  finds  all  the  world  guilty,  except- 
ing when  its  practices  are  precisely  in  ac- 
cordance with  that  presupposed  rule. 
Grant  his  premises,  and  no  doubt  Mr. 
Drummond  is  always  right.  But  this  we 
cannot  always  do  ;  though  an  earnest  and 
single  purpose  is  so  respectable  that  we 
accompany  him  with  interest  and  gratitude 
on  his  tours.  The  only  rather  novel  part 
of  the  book  is  his  view  of  the  present  re- 
lations of  the  Vaudois  church  to  the  Catho- 
lic church  of  Northern  Italy.  It  seems  to 
us  that  he  must  be  right  in  warning  off 
English  and  German  Protestants  from  the 
ground  ;  in  waiving  questions  of  form  and 
discipline,  and  taking  the  ancient  churches 
of  the  Italian  and  Swiss  valleys  just  as 
they  are.  For  them,  for  their  high  an- 
tiquity, their  common  language,  and  the 
characters  of  their  pastors,  the  Catholics 
of  Northern  Italy  do  feel  considerable  re- 
spect, and,  if  Mr.  Drummond  is  not  mis- 
informed, the  Vaudois  are  gaining  converts 
among  them.  Mr.  Drummond  looks  upon 
this  intercourse  as  the  most  hopeful  symp- 
tom for  Italy.  He  believes  that  Catholi- 
cism in  the  kingdom  of  Sardinia  and  in 
Lombardy  is  sincere.  While  in  Southern 
Italy  the  stricter  the  rule  of  the  papacy  the 
more  rampant  and  licentious  the  un- 
belief of  the  people.  Intent  only  on  con- 
version, he  has  not  much  room  for  poli- 
tical sympathy,  and  plainly  tells  us  that 
the  less  we  evince  of  this  the  better.  As 
a  matter  of  temporising  policy  he  may  be 
right  ;  as  a  matter  concerning  man's  re- 
quirements, and  the  worth  of  bis  religious 
principles,  we  cannot  help  thinking  him 
wrong.  A  free  service  alone  can  content 
the  soul  of  a  free  man. 


Rambles  in  an  Old  City,  By  S.  S.  Mad- 
ders.— A  good  deal  of  interesting  informa- 
tion is  here  brought  together  respecting 
the  ancient  city  of  Norwich.  It  is  not  a 
wholly  satisfactory  volume,  for  every  class 
of  citizens  will  be  ready  to  point  out  some 
important  omission  ;  but  it  is  a  pleasanter 
office  to  return  thanks  for  what  is  givea 
than  to  grumble  at  what  is  withheld. 
Good  old  Norwich  is  so  rich  in  objects  of 
interest  of  every  description,  that  we  rea- 
dily allow  the  difficulty  of  making  a  selec- 
tion ;  and  for  the  large  class  of  people  who 
tread  its  odd  corners  and  alleys  (for  as  to 
streets  we  never  could  discern  more  than 
one  or  two  deserving  the  name)  it  is  a 
boon  to  bring  them  acquainted  in  a  fami- 
liar manner  with  even  a  small  portion  of 
their  early  history. 

Life  by  the  Fireside,  By  the  Author  pf 
"  Visiting  my  Relations,'*  ^c— There  is 
so  much  truth  in  the  above  small  volume, 
and  it  is  given  out  in  a  tone  so  gentle,  so 
clearly  manifesting  progress  in  the  work 
of  self-conquest,  that  we  cannot  but  re- 
ceive it  with  gratitude.  Unwillingly,  in 
two  former  instances,  we  were  obliged  to 
express  our  sense  of  a  certain  arrogant 
tone,  of  a  certain  one-sidedness  or  half" 
sidedness,  which  kept  us  out  of  sympathy 
with  a  great  deal  evidently  true  and  good. 
We  do  not  feel  this  in  the  present  in- 
stance ;  and  therefore,  though  it  is  possible 
that  it  will  not  arrest  the  attention  of  many 
readers  at  once,  as  in  the  case  of  "  Visiting 
my  Relations  '*  or  **  Reminiscences,*'  we 
trust  it  is  a  book  which  will  really  be 
adopted  as  a  fireside  companion,  and  grow 
in  general  regard  in  that  relationship. 

Lectures  on  the  Beatitudes,  By  the 
Ret),  F.  Garden.  Post  %vo,  pp,  xii.  134. 
— These  lectures  were  delivered  in  St. 
Paul's  Episcopal  Chapel,  Edinburgh.  We 
presume  they  were  addressed  to  a  fashion- 
able congregation,  from  a  passage  at  p.  29, 
which  in  that  case  is  very  appropriate. 
"  Though  placed  by  God's  providence  in 
the  great  general  division  of  the  rich,  let 
us  study,  by  His  grace,  to  be  poor  in 
spirit."  Who  is  the  Italian  poet  quoted 
at  p.  129  ?  A  bare  quotation  looks  like 
citing  at  second  hand,  though  the  suppo- 
sition may  possibly  be  erroneous. 


A  Book  for  the  Sea^side,  \2mo.  pp, 
S75.  As  the  season  advances,  and  excur- 
sions are  made  to  the  coast,  this  little 
volume  will  be  found  a  pleasant  beach- 
companion,  and  impart  much  information 
about  marine  scenery  and  productions. 
It  aims  at  a  higher  degree  of  utility,  in 
teaching  the  reader  to  look  "  through 
nature  up  to  nature's  God.'' 


412 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

Feb,  24.  John  Bruce,  esq.  Treasurer, 
in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Salt  presented  a  further  number  of 
original  Proclamations,  with  the  view  of 
completing  the  Society's  collection. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  F.S.A.  exhi- 
bited a  fragment  of  the  gold  British  corslet 
found  some  years  ago  on  a  skeleton  ex- 
humed at  Mold  in  Flintshire,  and  of  which 
the  greater  portion  is  now  in  the  British 
Museum.  It  is  engraved  in  the  Archseo- 
logia,  vol.  XXVI. 

Frederic  CoUings  Lukis,  esq.  M.D.  of 
Guernsey,  commenced  the  reading  of  a 
"  Memoir  on  the  Cromlechs  of  the  Channel 
Islands,  and  other  Places  of  Sepulture  of 
the  Primeval  Age,''  exhibiting  a  large  col- 
lection of  plans  and  drawings  illustrative 
of  the  structures  attributed  to  the  Celtic 
period,  and  rubbings  of  the  engraved  pat- 
terns on  the  interior  of  the  cromlechs  of 
Gavr'Innis  in  the  Morbihan,  that  of  Dol- 
ar-Marchant  near  Camac  in  Britany,  &c. 
&c.  Dr.  Lukis  had  already  formed,  and 
printed,  a  synoptical  table,  or  chart,  of 
Celtic  architecture,  upon  which  his  ob- 
servations were  founded,  and  of  which  we 
here  introduce  a  copy,  in  a  somewhat  com- 
pressed form : 

CELTIC  MEGALITHS.* 
On  Plains  more  or  less  Extensive. 
Chiefly  Ceremonial, 
I,  Maenhir,  viz. — 
VII.  Monolith  t — A  single  erect  raised 
stone.  * 


*  It  is  a  generally  received  opinion  that 
the  Celtee  were  the  authors  and  architects 
of  these  Megaliths.  These  are,  however, 
found  universally  distributed  from  Scandi- 
navia to  India  ;  and  in  America,  especially 
in  the  North.  It  must  further  be  ob- 
served that  the  same  types  of  construction 
and  use  are  equally  universal,  and  that  they 
are  usually  situated  near  the  sea,  or  the 
vicinity  of  some  extent  of  water.  It  is 
evident  from  the  universal  distribution, 
likewise,  of  identical  forms  of  the  stone 
implements  accompanying  them,  that  the 
cromlech-building  races  sprang  early  from 
one  central  typical  stock.  CentriU  Asia 
and  the  site  of  Nineveh  produce  genuine 
Celtic  relics. 

t  Monoliths  are  memorial  and  monu- 
mental, and  murk  the  site ;  advantage  is 
very  rarely  taken  of  the  proximity  of  ele- 
vated spots,  which  would  increase  (he  so- 
lemn character  of  the.se  imposing  mn.<s.<e<<, 
had  this  been  desirable. 


VI I I .  Ortholith — A  single  row,  or  broad 
line,  of  erect  raised  stones. 

IX.  Parallelith— Double  lines  of  erect 
raised  stones. 

X.  Cyclolith — Circle  of  erect  distinct 
stones.  Always  circular.  Sometimes  con- 
centric.    Ceremonial. 

Commonly  on  Hills  and  Elbvatbd 

Situations. 

Entirely  Sepulchral. 

II.  Demi-Dolmen  —  A  lar^  stone, 
partly  supported  on  one  or  sometimes  two 
erect,  raised,  pmaller :  the  sides  open. 

III.  Dolmen — A  large  stone  entirely 
supported  on  two,  three,  or  four  erect, 
raised,  smaller :  the  sides  open. 

IV.  Cist- Va  EN — One,  rarely  two,  Urge 
stones  supported  on  several  smaller  hori- 
zontal or  erect,  raised  :  the  lidei  closed. 

V.  Cromlech — Successive  Dolmeni  in 
contact,  forming  one  common  chamber, 
with  the  props  erect,  raised :  the  sides 
closed,  excepting  at  entrance. 

VI.  Peristalith— Stones  oraally erect 
and  sometimes  contiguous  ;  arranged  cir- 
cularly, oval,  square,  &c, always  snrroand- 
ing  monolith,  sepulchral  chamber,  or  grave. 
Sometimes  concentric. 

Examples. 

I.  Any  standing  or  intentionally  erected 
large  stone,  whether  alone  or  with  many. 

II.  Numerous  in  the  Morbihan  ;  one  la 
Guernsey.     Llanwnda,  Pembrokeshire. 

III.  Common  in  England.  Scotland, 
Wales,  Ireland.  France,  &c  None  in 
Guernsey.  Chftn-Quoit,  in  ComwalU 
Kits-Coty  House.    Whispering  Knights. 

IV.  Channel  Islands.  Britany.  Great 
Britain.     Ireland,  &c. 

V.  Gavr'  Innis,  Morbihan.  Chann^ 
Islands. 

VI.  Roll- Rich,  Oxfordshire.  Two  on 
L'Ancresse,  Guernsey.  Herm.  Pen-maen- 
mawr.  Donside,  Tullynessle,  Aberdeen- 
shire. Dance  Maine,  Cornwall.  Stennis 
Circle,  Orkney,  &c.  Rectangular^  at  Le 
Couperon,  Jersey. 

VII.  Pierre  Longue,  &c.  Guernsey. 
Great  Obelisk,  Locmariaker,  &c  Stone 
of  Odin. 

VIII.  Camac.  At  Great  Cromlech, 
L'Ancresse,and  Creux  des  F^es,  Guernsey. 

IX.  Abury.  Stanton  Drew?  Merivale 
on  Dartmoor.     Carnac. 

X.  Abury.  Stanton  Drew.  Ring  of 
Brogar,  Orkney. 

PSEUDO-CELTIC  OR  TRANSITION. 
Megalith  I  c. 
I.  Cyclotrilith.     Examples,  Stone* 


1853.] 


Antirpiarian  Researches, 


413 


I 


benge— Ccremoniai  Hewn  atones ;  rect- 
aDg:tiliur  i  erect  with  tenoiir  tfansverg^  with 
mortke. 

Here  is  appareDtly  an  example  of  the 
respect  paiJ  to  stone  strnctures  and  their 
site ;  two  ancient  concentric  circles  being 
inclofted  within  the  more  naodern. 

TUMULAR. 

[.  Single  CiiAUBen  —  With  lateral 
opening  and  walls  of  colninnur  and  short 
superimposed  blocks.  As  the  Upper 
*^  Creux  es  F/'es,"  Guernsey. 

n.  CiiAMiiEiis — As  iihove,  each  having 
a  lateral  opening  into  ono  common  pas- 
sage, or  *  *  allee.' '  Chambers  placed  cross- 
wise (Structure  at  New  Grange,  Ireland), 
opposite  {Wellow  Cuve,  near  Stouey  Lit- 
tleton, Somersetshire),  salt  ire  wise  (Cairn 
oo  Airswood  Moss,  Dnmfdtjsshire),  or 
circularly.  TJiis  la^it  very  riire  (Druidical 
TeropJe,  Town  Heights^  Jersey;  now  at 
H  enley-  n  pon-Th  am  e*) . 

MlCflOLlTHlC. 

Cairn,  Galgal  —  Sepulchral  Heap, 
covering  chamber  or  grave. 

NATraAL  Rock. — CeremoniaL 

Cairk — Large  loose  masses,  as  found 
in  most  countries.  Cheesewring^  La 
Koeqiie  Babn,  Guernsey.  Buckstoae, 
near  Monmouth,  dtc. 

Rock  I  NO  St onk^ Logan  Stone,  Corn- 
wail.  One  in  the  pariah  of  Kirkmkliacl^ 
Perthshire,  fltc. 

Needle  Rocit— La  Chaise  aui  Pr(!^trfifi, 
Guernsey, 

From  this  Chart  tt  will  be  seen  that  the 
type  of  Megajiths  in  England  is  the  Dol- 
men, or  chamber  with  erect  props.  That 
the  type  of  those  in  Britaoy  is  the  Cist, 
or  chamber  formed  of  laterally  recumbent 
blocks.  The  true  form  of  a  Cromlech,  or 
chamber  of  long  triangular  area  with  the 
only  luitrance  at  the  apex,  is  seon  in  the 
magnihccnt  examples  of  Gavr*  Innis,  in 
the  Morhihan,  those  on  the  coo&t  of  Nor- 
mandy^ and  in  the  Channc:!  l^lands^ 

The  main  object  of  Dr.  Lukis's  remarks 
Wis  to  exhibit  a  progressive  change  of 
architecture  in  the  Celtic  remains  of  the 
Chnnnel  Islands. 

The  Celtic  sepulchres  have  usisally  a 
Used  position  with  reference  to  the  cardi- 
nal points.  The  cromlechs  in  Guernsey 
have  their  long  diameters  invariably  east 
and  west,  and  the  capstones  consequently 
in  ao  opposite  direction.  The  oists^  on 
the  contrary,  have  their  capstones  cast 
and  west.  The  peri«tiUtfis  also  have  uni- 
versally an  en  trance  at  the  cahL  That  they 
are  sepulchral  thrre  cannot  be  a  doubt, 
and  that  they  hn?e  been  used  for  this 
])urpoAe  by  single  families  and  by  clans. 
To  thttfie  structures  the  term  Bardic  Circle 
has  been  applioJ,  poaaihly  with  justice; 


for  it  is  not  improhable  that  the  heroic 
deeds  of  the  valiant  may  have  been  recited 
or  sung  on  these  their  graves,  and  the 
custom  continued  long  after  the  individuals 
had  become  lost  to  memory.  Tliegradunl 
introduction  and  use  ol  metallic  instru- 
ments is  shown  hy  the  hewn  condition  of 
the  stones,  and  the  essential  differences 
between  stones  hewn  with  stones  alone, 
and  those  minuter  aud  more  delicate  en* 
gravinga  which  could  only  have  been  effected 
on  granite  by  means  of  brass  or  iron.  It  is 
to  be  obgunved  thnt  the  Barrow  is  not  chamc' 
tenstic  of  the  Celtic  period  nor  people, 
There  arc  some  interesting  points  which 
show  demonstrably  that  in  a  period  of  con- 
tin  tied  tranquillity  the  cromlech -builders 
made  additions  to  their  tombs.  One  mode 
was  by  the  addition  of  successive  dolmens 
to  the  original  structure ;  thcj^e  are  in- 
variably placed  to  the  eastward,  and  in 
no  instance  exceed  the  limits  of  the  pc- 
ristalith.  But,  when  room  was  yet  fur- 
ther required,  it  was  gained  hy  construct- 
ing lateral  cists,  which  were  also  Joined 
to  this  newer  portion.  Sometimes,  hut 
rarely,  they  communicate  with  the  larger 
lengthened  chamber.  These  remarkable 
additions  are  observable  in  the  instructive 
cromlech  **  Debus  "  in  Guernsey.  These 
additional  cists  were  formed  within  the 
chamber  itself.  In  Jersey  a  recently- 
discovered  cromlech  presents  five  of  these 
inclosed  cists.  After  this  period  the  peri- 
ataUth  was  abandoned,  and  the  successive 
dolTDens  were  continued  to  a  very  great 
length,  as  in  the  very  perfect  example  of 
GavT^  Innis,  Morbilian  ;  but  even  here  the 
succession  may  be  distinctly  traced  by  the 
transverse-ly  ing  blocks*  The  original  stnic- 
ture  was  a  ctst  covered  with  oae  stone, 
with  a  floor  of  the  same,  and  only  between 
seven  and  eight  feet  square.  The  tumulus 
over  this  was  high  and  conical ;  and  as  Che 
additions  were  made  so  did  the  tumulus 
follow  them,  but  not  raised  to  the  same 
height  as  the  first.  The  inner  surfaces  of 
the  stones  of  the  sides,  the  Hoor,  the  divi- 
sional transverse  blocks,  and  the  smaller 
atones  which  are  wedged  between  the  prop;;, 
are  engraved  with  concentric  and  herring- 
hone  patterns  resembling  the  tattooing  of 
the  New  Zealander.  The  stone  celt  is  fre- 
quently repeated,  sometimes  surrounded 
with  a  sort  of  glory  or  ring.  But  of  all 
the  stones,  the  moat  remarkable  is  on  the 
westcni  side,  which  has  a  deep  depression 
divided  in  front  by  two  equl~di$ta(ii.t  pillars, 
convex  aud  protruding  from  the  stone, 
leading  to  the  belief  that  the  whole  of  the 
surface  was  purposely  depressed.  The 
same  is  observed  in  the  cromlech  called 
the  Dol-ar- March  ant,  the  design  here  being 
in  relievo.  The  stones  in  some  instances 
appear  to  have  received  their  engmvlog 


414 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Apra, 


before  the  constraction  of  the  cromlech, 
for  the  scored  work  is  continued  along  the 
surface  in  contact  with  the  next,  or  with 
the  cap. stone.  Patterns  closely  resem- 
bling these  are  found  in  other  cromlechs, 
and  a  rubbing  taken  from  the  top  of  a  prop 
in  a  cromlech  at  Dyffryn,  between  Bar- 
mouth and  Harlech,  Wales,  shows  a  de- 
sign precisely  similar.  The  interior  of  the 
more  recent  tumular  chamber  at  New 
Grange,  Ireland,  is  somewhat  analogous. 

The  modes  of  interment  were,  by  placing 
the  bones  in  little  detached  heaps,  and 
surrounding  these  with  circles  of  smooth 
flat  pebbles.  These  circles  were  three  or 
four  feet  in  diameter,  and  the  accompany- 
ing urns  varied  in  capacity,  in  their  forms, 
and  the  patterns  or  devices  upon  their 
surfaces.  They  were  not  found  to  contain 
the  remains  at  any  time,  excepting  such 
as  may  have  accidentally  fallen  into  them; 
nor  were  they  always  set  upright.  The 
largest  of  the  urns  might  have  held  four 
or  five  gallons,  and  the  smallest  only  as 
many  fluid  ounces.  The  bones  were  both 
burnt  and  unburnt.  Several  cromlechs  had 
no  traces  of  burnt  bones  within  them.  They 
lay  upon  a  rude  pavement  of  fragments  of 
granite,  and  in  the  large  cromlech  at  L'An- 
cresse  had  a  second  pavement  over  them, 
on  which  lay  similar  deposits.  The  bones 
and  urns  were  in  many  instances  secreted 
between  and  behind  the  props,  thrust 
deeply  into  the  bank  of  earth  which  was 
raised  against  the  outside  of  the  structure. 
The  care  with  which  these  Celtic  sepul- 
chres were  preserved,  so  as  to  receive 
periodical  interments,  is  scon  in  a  circum- 
stance connected  with  the  interesting 
cromlech  "  Dehus."  The  second  cap- 
stone in  size  and  importance  was  observed 
by  the  builders  to  have  a  flaw  passing 
obliquely  through  its  northern  extremity, 
which  rendered  it  imsafe,  as,  in  the  event 
of  a  separation  occurring  between  the  op- 
posing surfaces  in  the  flaw,  it  must  of  ne- 
cessity fall  into  the  vault  beneath.  To 
avoid  such  an  accident  a  prop  was  accu- 
rately placed  within  the  vault  beneath  the 
larger  portion  of  the  slab,  and  which  still 
supports  it.  In  the  course  of  time  the 
smaller  piece  became  detached,  and  fell 
upon  the  contents  beneath,  crushing  se- 
veral urns,  &c. 

Dr.  Lukis,  in  conclusion,  made  some 
remarks  on  the  }>ersonal  ornaments  found 
in  the  ancient  sepulchres  of  the  Channel 
Islands,  and  he  also  presented  a  classified 
list  of  Celtic  stone  implements  which 
are  not  personal  ornaments.  These  con- 
sist of  mullers,  or  rounded  grindstones; 
long  stones,  of  various  shapes  ;  grinding- 
trougbs,  weights,  hammer-he^ds,  single 
and  double ;  adze-edges  or  points,  hntchet- 
heads,  single  and  double ;  compound  ham- 


mers and  hatchets,  celts,  knife,  saw,  and 
spear  points  or  heads,  arrow  points  or 
heads,  and  flint  flakes.  A  jet  bracelet  of 
a  highly  decomposable  alloy  of  copper  was 
discovered  in  one  of  the  cromlechs,  in 
which  were  also  a  vast  quantity  of  limpet- 
shells,  and  the  bones  of  various  fishes 
which  had  evidently  formed  the  food  of 
the  primitive  inhabitants.  At  the  close 
of  the  lecture  Mr.  Akerman  observed  that 
the  testimony  of  Dr.  Lukis,  as  to  the  dis- 
covery of  the  bones  of  fishes  among  the 
early  Celtic  remains,  was  of  especial  in- 
terest to  the  ethnologist,  since  Herodian 
has  stated  of  our  rude  ifbrefathers  that» 
although  the  sea  abounded  with  fish,  it 
was  never  used  by  them  as  food.  The 
statement  of  Dr.  Lukis  appeared  to  throw 
considerable  doubt  on  the  assertion  of  He- 
rodian, but,  on  the  other  hand,  we  had  tiie 
remarkable  fact  on  record  in  oar  time, 
that,  during  the  prevalence  of  famine  in 
Ireland,  the  popuktion  starved  while  fine 
turbot  might  be  taken  in  abundance  joat 
off  the  coast. 

March  3.    Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Prea. 

H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Syracuse,  wIm 
has  signally  manifested  his  antiquarian 
zeal  in  the  recent  excavations  at  Cnmse, 
was  elected  a  Royal  Member  of  the  So- 
ciety, and  the  following  gentlemen  were 
elected  Fellows  : — Thomas  Thorby,  esq. 
merchant  in  London  and  Spain,  of  filom* 
field-place,  Maida-hill ;  William  Hanrey, 
of  Lewes,  wine-merchant,  a  local  secretary 
of  the  Sussex  Archaeological  Society;  John 
Carter,  esq.  F.R.A.S.  Sheriff  of  London 
and  Middlesex  ;  and  John  Charles  Robin- 
son, esq.  of  Brompton,  architect. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis  exhibited  impressioni 
of  the  ancient  Seal  of  the  city  of  Carlisle, 
still  in  use,  of  the  work  of  the  latter  end 
of  the  13  th  or  beginning  of  the  1 4th  cen- 
tury. The  obverse  presents  the  Virgin 
and  Child,  and  the  counterseal  a  croa 
flory  between  four  roses.  On  each  aide  la 
the  same  ungrammatical  legend  :  s.  COM- 

MVNIH  CIVIVM    KARLIOLENSIS  :    witll   an 

inner  legend  on  the  obverse,  ave  Maria 

GRACIA  PLENA. 

Dr.  Lukis  gave  a  second  lecture  on  the 
Cromlechs  of  the  Channel  Islands,  the 
substance  of  which  we  have  anticipated  in 
our  preceding  report. 

March  10.  Capt.  W.  H.  Smyth,  R.N., 
V.P. 

George  Taddy  Tomlin,  esq.  of  Ash,  near 
Sandwich,  and  E.  O.  Tudor,  esq.  of  West- 
bourne- terrace,  Hyde-park,  were  elected 
Fellows  of  the  Society. 

Richard  Almack,  esq.  F.S.A.  presented 
three  Proclamations  as  a  contribution  to 
the  Society's  already  extensive  coUectioB 
in  the  course  of  arrangement.  They  con- 
sisted of — 1.  A  proclamation  by  the  loid 


1853.] 


Antiqfmrian  Researches. 


mayor  and  common  council  of  London, 
offering  a  reward  of  five  hundred  pounds 
for  the  discovery  of  the  person  or  persons 
who  had  ''  offered  an  indignity  to  the 
portrait  of  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke 
of  York  in  Guildhall.'*  2.  A  proclama- 
tion by  the  King  for  "  Quieting  the  Post- 
master-General and  his  Deputies/'  3. 
A  proclamation,  dated  26th  July,  1685, 
"summoning  George  Speake,  esq.  Colonel 
Dan  vers,  John  Trenchard,  esq.  and  other 
gentlemen  compromised  in  Monmouth's 
rebellion." 

The  Rev.  Joseph  Goodall  exhibited  a 
small  bronze  head  of  a  man,  filled  with  lead, 
discovered  at  Bromham,  in  Bedfordshire, 
supposed  to  have  formed  the  weight  of  a 
balance,  or  steelyard. — Mr.  Hawkins,  of  the 
British  Museum,  remarked  that  he  thought 
it  was  not  a  steelyard  weight,  but  a  cast 
from  some  other  object,  perhaps  an  un- 
guentarium.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo  ex- 
hibited a  celt  and  a  spear-head  of  bronze, 
found  at  Preston,  in  Lincolnshire.  Mr. 
Chaffers  exhibited  some  singular  objects  in 
lead,  found  recently  in  Paris,  during  exca- 
vations near  the  Louvre.  One  represents 
a  man  lying  within  a  sarcophagus,  with  a 
long  cross  resting  on  his  arm,  and  wearing 
a  conical  cap.  Another  figure  has  also  a 
conical  cap,  and  holds  a  long  saw.  A 
third  was  the  figure  of  a  bishop  with  mitre 
and  crosier,  his  breast  being  covered  with 
strange  figures,  resembling  astrological 
signs. 

Dr.  Lukis  resumed  and  concluded  his 
remarks  on  the  Megalithic  structures  of 
the  primeval  peHod. 

ARCHiEOLOOICAL  INSTITUTE. 

March  4.  Octavius  Morgan,  esq.  M.P. 
Vice-President,  in  the  chair. 

A  memoir  was  read  by  Mr.  H.  O'Neill, 
of  Kilkenny,  **  On  the  Early  Christian 
Monuments  found  in  various  parts  of  Ire- 
land." The  sculptured  wayside  crosses, 
and  those  found  near  ancient  churches  and 
monastic  establishments  in  that  country, 
are  very  numerous,  presenting  remarkable 
variety  in  their  ornaments,  the  devices  of, 
sacred  symbolism,  as  well  as  in  the  sub- 
jects of  Scripture  history,  or  the  legends 
connected  with  the  earliest  times  of  the 
introduction  of  Christianity,  represented 
with  elaborate  detail  of  design  upon  these 
curious  monuments.  Their  deite,  Mr. 
O'Neill  stated,  had  been  supposed  to  range 
between  the  fifth  and  twelfth  centuries ; 
the  precise  age  can  be  indeed  accurately 
ascertained  in  but  few  instances.  The  re- 
markable crosses  at  Monasterboice  and 
Clonmacnoise,  which  may  be  cited  as  the 
most  striking  examples,  have  been  ascribed, 
with  some  degree  of  certainty,  to  the  ninth, 
or,  at  the  latest,  to  the  tenth  oeotiirj. 


415 


The  first  of  these  is  of  unusual  dimensions, 
measuring  not  less  than  twenty-five  feet 
in  height.  In  England  few  remains  of  a 
similar  kind,  or  of  equal  importance,  have 
been  preserved  to  the  present  time ;  the 
sculptured  crosses  at  Sandbach  in  Che- 
shire, and  a  few  other  early  examples,  may 
be  mentioned;  and  such  monuments  occur 
more  frequently  in  Wales,  as  also  in  Scot- 
land, where  many  remarkable  sculptures 
of  the  earliest  Christian  age  have  been 
made  known  to  the  antiquary  through  the 
valuable  and  accurate  publications  due  to 
the  liberality  of  Mr.  Patrick  Chalmers,  of 
Auldbar.  Monuments  of  this  nature  are 
necessarily  much  exposed  to  accidental  in- 
jury and  the  decay  of  time,  rendering  it 
very  desirable  that  faithful  representation! 
should  be  preserved ;  and  Mr.  O'Neill 
has  been  engaged  on  the  praiseworthy 
object  of  collecting  accurate  delineations 
of  the  best  examples  found  in  Ireland, 
which  he  intends  shortly  to  publish  by  sub- 
scription. He  exhibited  a  selection  from 
these  drawings  at  the  present  meeting. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Wjrnne,  M.P.  gave  a  re- 
port  of  the  extensive  excavations,  under 
his  direction,  on  the  site  of  Castell  y 
Bere,  a  fortress  of  considerable  extent  in 
Merionethshire.  The  remains  of  that 
castle,  where  Edward  I.  resided  during 
part  of  his  campaign  in  1284,  had  fidlen 
so  completely  into  decay  as  to  present 
only  a  few  shapeless  masses  of  masonry, 
noticed  by  Pennant  as  presenting  scarcely 
any  feature  of  interest  The  researches 
carried  out  by  Mr.  Wynne  have  brought  to 
light,  however,  architectural  details,  sculp- 
tured capitals  and  mouldmgs,  proving  that 
this  stronghold  had  been  equal.  Si  not 
superior,  to  any  military  work  of  its  age 
in  the  principality.  About  one  third  of  the 
area  has  been  laid  open,  and  Mr.  Wynne 
purposes  to  resume  the  work  during  the 
ensuing  season.  He  exhibited  numeroni 
relics,  weapons,  implements,  pottery,  and 
various  objects  supposed  to  be  chiefly  of 
the  time  of  Edward  I. 

Mr.  Nesbitt  described  the  shrine  of  St. 
Manchan,  one  of  the  most  highly  enriched 
examples  of  elaborate  metal-work  existing 
in  Ireland,  and  exhibited  fac-iimile  modeli 
of  this  curious  work,  as  also  of  the  croit 
of  Cong,  which  presents  considerable  ana- 
logy in  the  details  of  ornament.  Theihrine 
is  in  the  form  of  a  small  chapel,  covered 
with  chased  decorations,  hommn  fifuref  in 
high  relief,  and  richly  coburcd  enamels 
introduced  in  parts.  The  saint  whose 
relics  it  contained  died  in  644;  he  was 
abbot  of  Leith,  in  King's  Coonty,  and, 
although  never  canonised,  has  always  been 
held  in  extreme  Teneration.  Throiii§^  Mr. 
Nesbitt* 8  researches  this  singnlsr  work  of 
evly  Irish  wt,  sttributed  to  ttub  twsiftli 


416 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[April, 


century,  has  been  brought  under  the  notice 
of  antiquaries ;  and  it  has  recently  been 
conveyed  to  Dublin  by  Dr.  Lentaigne,  to 
be  placed  in  the  Museum  of  Antiquities 
now  in  course  of  formation  by  the  noble 
President  of  the  Institute,  as  a  division  of 
the  Great  Industrial  Exhibition  at  Dublin, 
to  be  opened  in  May.  Lord  Talbot  has 
already  secured  some  of  the  most  striking 
objects  of  this  nature,  which  will  form,  in 
conjunction  with  the  museum  of  the  Royal 
Irish  Academy,  placed  at  his  disposal  for 
this  occasion,  a  most  important  and  in- 
structive display  of  Irish  antiquities. 

Mr.  Edward  Freeman  gave  a  description 
of  the  recent  discoveries  at  the  Priory 
church  of  Leominster,  of  which  he  com- 
municated some  account  to  our  last 
Magazine. 

A  communication  was  received  from  Dr. 
Bell,  relating  to  the  bronze  gates  of  the 
cathedral  of  Hildesheim,  in  Hanover,  bear- 
ing date  1015,  and  a  bronze  column  in  the 
adjacent  cathedral  close,  on  which  are  re- 
presented subjects  of  sacred  history,  ar- 
ranged in  a  spiral  band.  Dr.  Bell  exhibited 
engravings  portraying  these  curious  works 
of  art;  and  gave  some  account  of  another 
remarkable  work  in  bronze,  the  sculptured 
gates  at  Novogorod,  traditionally  believed 
to  have  been  brought  from  Cherson,  in  the 
Crimea,  by  Wiadirair  the  Great,  in  988. 

Mr.  Franks  produced  an  impression 
from  a  beautiful  engraved  brass  plate,  part 
of  a  sepulchral  memorial,  a  work  of  Flemish 
execution,  similar  to  those  at  St.  Alban's, 
at  Lynn,  and  at  Lubeck.  This  plate,  of 
which  the  date  is  supposed  to  be  about 
1350,  has  been  lately  purchased  by  the 
trustees  of  the  British  Museum  at  the  sale 
of  tiie  collection  of  the  late  Mr.  Pugin. 

The  Hon.  W,  Fox  Strangways  exhibited 
a  fac-simile  of  another  engraved  sepulchral 
memorial,  of  singular  design,  existing  in  a 
church  in  Surrey.  Mr.  Yates  described 
some  interesting  Roman  remains  discovered 
near  Wiesbaden,  and  preserved  in  the  mu- 
seum at  that  place.  The  Rev.  C.  F.  Wyatt 
sent  a  drawing  and  account  of  a  miniature 
sepulchral  effigy,  found  a  few  months  since 
in  the  chancel  of  Blechingdon  church,  Ox- 
fordshire. A  curious  limning,  a  design 
for  an  enamelled  badge  of  office,  to  be 
worn  by  Norroy  King-of- Arms,  was  shewn 
by  Mr.  M.  A.  Lower,  of  Lewes.  It  was 
probably  executed  by  Rotler,  for  Sir  Wil- 
liam Dugdale,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 
whose  arms  and  cipher  it  bears.  Mr. 
Trollope  sent  representations  of  several 
Saxon  urns,  elaborately  ornamented,  lately 
found  in  the  eastern  parts  of  England. 
They  bear  much  resemblance  to  the  vnscs 
exhibited  in  Mr.  Neville's  splendid  work 
on  "  Saxon  Obsequies."  Mr.  Brackstone 
contributed  several  rare  objects  of  broQze ; 
10 


and  Mr.  Wynne  brought  a  leaden  plate, 
bearing  an  inscription  in  Hebrew  charac- 
ters, foand  in  Wales.  Sir  Philip  de  Grej 
Egerton  called  attention  to  the  discovery 
of  several  paintings  in  fresco  in  Gawsworth 
church,  Cheshire,  of  which  he  prodaced 
coloured  lithographs  by  Mr.  Lynch,  of 
Macclesfield.  A  large  colleclion  of  casts 
from  seals,  lately  obtained  from  the  college 
documents  at  Cambridge,  were  shewn  by 
Mr.  Ready,  of  Lowestoft,  comprisiDg  Tala- 
able  examples  hitherto  unknown,  especially 
the  fine  seal  of  Tiltey  Abbey,  Essex,  of 
which  the  matrix  has  lately  beieii  found,  as 
also  those  of  Sir  Thomas  fiysshe,  in  the 
reign  of  Richard  II.  and  of  the  Prebend 
of  Dunham,  in  the  diocese  of  Lincoln. 

HKITISH  ARCH.SOLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

Feb.  23.  Mr.  George  Vere  Inring  read 
an  elaborate  paper  on  **  Ancient  Camps  in 
the  Upper  Ward  of  Lanarkshire."  A 
paper  by  Mr.  Just,  on  the  **  Roman  Roads 
and  Camps  in  the  North- West  of  England,** 
published  in  the  last  volume  of  the  Jonmal 
of  the  Assqpiation,  had  led  him  to  direct 
his  attention  to  the  remains  of  the  same 
class  in  the  intramural  province  of  Va- 
lentia.  The  subject  presents  more  diffi- 
culties in  this  northern  district  than  in  the 
southern  parts  of  the  island.  Not  one  of 
the  eminent  antiquaries  who  have  tnitatcd 
of  it  agrees  with  the  others  on  the  general 
direction  of  the  iters,  far  less  on  the  site 
of  particular  stations.  Mr.  Irving  had  no 
intention  of  promulgating  fresh  theories 
when  so  many  great  authorities  were  at 
fault ;  but  he  proposed  to  describe  ali  the 
camps  and  forti^cations  of  the  district,  not 
confining  the  attention  to  those  whidi 
alone  might  be  alleged  to  be  of  Roman 
construction.  Two  undoobted  Roman 
roads  are  met  with  in  the  Upper  Ward  of 
Lanarkshire.  The  first  of  these,  which 
has  been  described  by  General  Roy,  leaves 
Carlisle  and  proceeds  northward  up  the 
valley  of  the  Annan  to  Drybbe  chareli, 
where  it  splits  into  two  branches.  These 
re-unite  in  the  head  of  Lanarkshire,  near 
the  old  castle  of  Crawford,  from  which 

Coint  the  road  continues  down  the  right 
ank  of  the  Clyde  by  Culter  Bygar  and 
Liberton.  It  then  passes  the  well-known 
Roman  camps  of  Carstairs  and  Cleghom, 
and  proceeds  to  Belstone  in  the  parish  of 
Carluke,  where  it  enters  the  Middle  Ward 
and  joins  the  great  reticulation  of  roads 
connected  with  the  Northern  Wall.  The 
second,  which  does  not  appear  to  hare 
been  previously  noticed,  runs  nearly  at 
right  angles  to  the  other.  Leaving  the 
upper  part  of  Ayrshire,  it  crosses  a  comer 
of  Dumfriesshire,  and  then  proceeds  along 
the  high  ground  between  the  Clyde  and  its 
tributary  the  Douglas  Water,  to  near  their 


185a.] 


Antiff 


mirtan  Ileseco 


rches* 


417 


ooqAuXi  when  it  (eads  to  the  right,  cutUni^ 
ofT  A  remarkablii  loop  of  the  fiyrmer,  which 
it  oros>sr8  a  little  above  the  gtution  at  Car- 
atairs.     From  this  point  it  IcnilricosCwardt 
but   saouii  splitj»  into  three  brancheSp  one 
leatling  to  Edinburgh,  the  iiecoiid  to  Lin- 
ton, and  tlie  third  to  the  Roman  station 
at   Lyne,  in   Peeblesshire,     Along  these 
ro«tc«  Mr,  Irving  hns  found  above  forty 
camps,  and  he  exhibited  carefully  prtpnred 
plana  of  each,  at  the  saoie  time  dcscribiog- 
tlie  military  capabilitiea  of  the  sites,  espe- 
cially in  connexion  with  that  prime  necea- 
■ary — a  supply  of  water.    In  many  of  these 
fortificatiuna  this  essential  point  had  been 
overlooked  or  neglected «     In  others  it  vim 
provided  for  by  springs  sitnated  within  the 
I  ramparts,  while  in  a  few  an  artilicial  supply 
fwas  pro  Tided  for  by  the  construction  of 
I  wells.     Mr,  Irving  also   enumeratetl  the 
Warious  relies  of  antiqnity — armlets^  urns, 
[and  bronzes — which  have  been  found  in 
hese  camps,  and  exhibited  drai?inga  of 
Iftuuty  of  them. 

^  March  9.  Mr.  James  exhibited  a  collec- 
itioD  of  spurs  of  vnriousdatc^  found  m  dif- 
[fcrent  part£  of  England,  and  Mr,  Bartlett 
lapet'imeua  of  spurs  obtained  iti  Berkshire 
nd  Wiltshire, and  two  Roman  horse-shoes, 
fr.  W.  Meyrick  exhibited  a  specimen  of 
rmourmade  in  imitation  of  the  pulfed  and 
aliished  dresiea  of  the  sixteenth  tentury. 
Sir  S.  Meyrick  has  figured  in  his  work  a 
fipcclmen  of  this  kind,  and  there  aie  three 
gmall  portions  in  the  Tower,  but  ififerior 
to  Mr,  Muyrick'8,  which  consijsta  of  a 
jesset  suitable  for  a  boy  about  seven  or 
eight  years  of  age,  engravtid  aud  elaborately 
inlaid  with  gold.  He  possesses  also  another 
portion  for  the  arm  of  this  suit.  Mr.  Mey- 
rick also  exhibited  a  |>ass-gunird  pauldron 
of  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  russeted  und 
inlaid  with  gold,  representing  a  battle* 
picce»  and  a  aword  of  the  time  uf  Elizabeth, 
having  twelve  beads  set  dh  medallions  over 
the  hilt  and  pommel,  t!te  latter  of  which  is 
of  elegant  deaign.  Mr.  Bateman  exhibited 
a  brooch,  in  the  ahape  of  a  coronet,  with 
m2L  points,  on  the  top  of  each  of  which 
there  is  a  space  for  a  portion  of  coloured 
gtaaa,  ascribed  to  the  later  Anglo-Saxon 
period.  Mr.  Ashpit«l  exhibited  one  found 
at  Maidstone  lately t  of  a  similar  descrip- 
tion, whti'h,  though  unique  as  to  form,  was 
conjectured  to  be  Roman.  Mr,  Batccnati 
also  exhibited  a  carved  ivory  kuife-handle 
of  tlie  time  of  Charles  II.  repreaeDting  the 
female  drcsa  of  that  period. 

Mr.Gunston  bid  ujion  the  table  a  variety 
of  specimens  of  Roman  antiquity,  soid  to 
have  been  obtained  from  excavations  made 
in  the  city  of  Loudon.  They  have  been 
subjected  to  a  rigid  scrutiny  by  the  council, 
and  Mr.  Syer  Cuming  read  a  report  upon 
Gbnt,  Mag,  Voi,,  XXXIX, 


the  specimen)^,  shevring  whence  many  have 
been  obtained,  and  detailing  a  system  of 
tleet^pEion  now  extensively  carried  oo  in 
these  matters.  The  Rev,  Mr.  Hugo  ex- 
hibited three  fine  stone  celts,  lately  ob* 
tatned  from  Clontarf,  near  Dubhn,  and  ex* 
hibiting  the  only  knovvn  types  found  in 
Ireland.  Mr.  Tucker  exhibited  a  pint  pot 
of  the  time  of  Queen  ,\nnej  found  in  the 
Thampjic,  and  engraved  with  the  uante  of 
*'  Richard  Smith  att  y"  Three  Keots  Tongs 
on  London  BriJg/' 

Mr.  Pettigrew  read  the  first  portion  of 
a  paper  **  On  the  Origin  and  Antiquity  of 
Playing  Cards,'*  together  with  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  pack  printed  in  the  time  of  the 
Commonwealth,  representing  the  prtnolpai 
personages  of  that  period,  and  the  renj  ark- 
able  events  of  the  time. 


NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY. 

Fe&,  24.  Lord  Londesburough,  Pre- 
sident, in  the  chair. 

Mr,  Roach  Smith  gtive  on  account  of 
the  discovery  of  a  collection  of  Saxon 
weights  in  a  cemetery  at  Oj^'dden,  in  Ketit. 
With  them  were  found  some  sword^i  and 
other  weapons,  some  sccattte,  a  coin  of 
Justinian,  prob;ibly  struck  in  France  in 
imitation  of  the  genuiac pieces  of  that  ini- 
peror,  and  a  pair  of  scales,  evidently  from 
their  small  size  intended  to  weigh  money 
with.  The  weights  have  all  been  corefully 
compared^  but  it  has  not  been  found  pos- 
sible to  discover  any  common  muliiple  of 
them.  They  are  formed  from  Roiucin  coins, 
the  earliest  being  one  of  Faustina,  and  the 
latest  one  of  Gralmn  or  Valens. 

Mr,  J,  G.  Ptister  read  a  paper  on  an 
unedited  Gold  Coin  of  Florence,  struck  in 
I80a,  anil  called  II  Zecchiuo  di  San  Ze- 
nobio,  or  a  Zenobinn.  ItH  type  is  that  of 
the  well-known  sequins  of  Venice,  and  in 
the  rndc  execution  of  it ^  tlgurea  has  a  great 
resemblance  to  those  of  Lodovico  Mauiii, 
the  last  Doge,  a.o.  17BO-I797.  It  repre- 
sents on  one  side  the  figure  of  Snn  Zenobio 
kueeling  at  the  feet  of  our  Saviour,  ai*d  on 
the  other  *that  of  St,  John  the  Baptist 
within  an  aureole.  This  coin  was  struck 
at  the  solicitation  of  Cesare  Lampronli, 
banker  of  Florence,  on  tht"2ith  Aug,  1805, 
for  the  purpose  of  serving  a  commercial 
speculation  in  the  Levant, 

Mr.  Vaux,  in  a  short  paper i  called  at- 
tention to  two  works  lately  published, 
which  he  considered  to  contain  valuable 
numismatic  informal i^ou :  the  first,  the 
Catalogue  of  the  collection  of  Don  Jom£ 
Garcia  de  la  Torre,  by  M.  Gaillard,  which 
waa  sold  at  Madrid  duiing  the  las^t  spring; 
aud  the  aecond,  an  account  of  a  small  col- 
lection presented  to  the  Royal  Hiitorical 

a  H 


k 


418 


Antiquarian  Researches* 


[April, 


Society  of  Madrid,  by  Don  Antonio  Lopez 
de  Cordoba,  which  has  been  drawn  up  and 
published  in  Spanish  by  Don  Antonio 
Delgado. 

March  17.    John  Lee,  esq.  LL.D.  in 
the  chair. 

Mr.  John  Evans  read  a  paper  on  some 
rare   and   unpublished   British  Coins,  of 
which  he  exhibited  drawings  and  casts. 
One  in  gold,  in  the  library  of  Trinity  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  bears  the  legend  o.  tasci. 
on  the  obverse,  and  tasc.  on  the  reverse. 
It   resembles   a   coin    purchased  by  the 
British   Museum   at    Lord   Ilolmesclale's 
sale,  and  which  is  published  in  the  Numis- 
matic Chronicle,   vol.   xiv.   p.  74.      The 
legend  on  this  coin  is  o.  ando,  and  the 
type  on  this  and  the  one  first  noticed  is 
the  same.     It  is  probable  therefore  that, 
while  the  first  legend  refers  to  Tasciovauus, 
the  second  applies  to  some  other  prince 
who   was  contemporary  with  him.     Mr. 
Evans  suggests  that  this  name  may  lurk 
under  the  Maudubratius  of  Caesar,  who 
by  Orosius  is  called  Androgorius,  and  by 
Eutropius,  Beda,  and  later  writers  An- 
drogius.     Mr.  Evans,  at  the  conclusion  of 
his   paper,  in  which    he    noticed  several 
other  specimens  of  the  ]3ritish  coinage, 
made  some  just  remarks  on  the  careless- 
ness and  incorrectness  of  the  descriptions 
and  engravings  in  the  Monumenta  His- 
torica  Britannica,  fol.  1840.     "  It  is  much 
to  be  regretted,"  said  Mr.  Evans,  '*  that 
in  a  work  professing  to  treat  of  our  na- 
tional monuments,  and  published   at  no 
small  national  expense,  the  part  devoted 
to  a  subject  of  so  much  importnnce  as  the 
ancient  British  coinage  should  be  so  small 
that  nearly  one-half  of  the  known  inscribed 
types  are  omitted,  while  the  uninscribed 
arc  wholly  passed  over.     Still  more  is  it 
to  be  lamented  that,  among  the  limited 
number  of  coins  given,  one  should  be  a 
fabrication,  and  the  inscription  on  another 
completely  metamorphosed." 

R.  S.  Poole,  esq.  of  the  British  Museum, 
communicated  a  paper  on  the  Copper 
Coinage  of  the  Byzantine  Emperors.  It 
was  subject  to  great  fluctuations.  Mr. 
Poole  sugi;csls  that  the  unit  of  the  system 
was  the  Nummion  or  Lepton,  and  that 
the  numerical  indices  on  the  coins  indi- 
cated the  number  of  these  units  which 
each  of  them  contained.  He  noticed  also 
the  differences  between  the  system  of 
Alexandria  and  that  of  the  other  cities  of 
the  empire  which  struck  money.  The 
coins  considered  were  of  the  Alexandrian 
mint,  the  earlier  of  them  being,  probably, 
an  obolus,  and  the  later  a  piece  of  the 
value  of  twelve  nummia  in  Egypt,  and  of 
forty  nummia  in  the  rest  of  the  empire  at 
that  period,  the  money  of  the  other  mints 


having  become  depreciated  in  weight, 
while  that  of  Alexandria  had  remained  un- 
altered. 

Mr.  J.  G.  Pfister  exhibited  a  very  large 
and  fine  bronze  medallion,  made  by  An- 
tonio Casoni  of  Ancona,  in  honour  of 
Cardinal  Pietro  Aldobrandini,  and  in 
commemoration  of  hit  taking  Ferrara,  aa 
general  of  the  Papal  troops,  Jan.  28, 
1598.  On  the  obverse  is  a  bnst  of  the 
cardinal ;  on  the  reverse  a  winter  land- 
scape, the  city  of  Ferrara  in  the  distance, 
and  the  cardinal  on  horseback  surrounded 
by  his  troops. 

NEWCASTLE  80CIBTT  OF  ANTiaVARISS. 

March  *2.  At  the  monthly  meeting  Mr. 
David  S.  Hawks  presented  the  top  of  a 
cask  with  the  head  of  Charles  I.  carred 
on  it,  which  he  uoderstoodi  from  a  very 
brief  memorandum  left  by  his  fBither  re- 
specting it,  formed  part  of  a  cask  contain- 
ing Burgundy  wine  which  was  sent  by 
Mary  de  Medicis,  consort  of  Henry  tlM 
Fourth  of  France,  to  her  daughter  Hen- 
rietta Maria,  the  wife  of  Charles  the  First; 
Mr.  Rippon,  of  Tynemoath,  a  coin,  appa- 
rently Roman,  found  nnder  one  of  the 
piers  of  London  Bridge;  Mr.  Abbes,  a 
bronze  buckle  or  fibula,  set  with  rubies, 
discovered  in  a  tumulus  at  East  Boldon ; 
Mr.  Dolphin,  an  old  gun-lock,  ploughed 
up  at  Hunter  House ;  and  Capt  Andrews, 
the  remains  of  an  early  cross,  and  a  sepul- 
chral monument  bearing  the  shears  and 
key,  from  Tynemonth. 

Dr.  Charlton,  the  Junior  Secretary, read 
a  paper  on  '*  ThePictith  Towtnqf  8h9i» 
laud.''  What  are  called  Round  Towen 
arc  dispersed  over  Shetland,  the  Orkneys* 
the  North  and  West  of  Scotland,  and  the 
Hebrides.  Some  maintain  that  they  are 
of  Irish  origin.  Others  deem  them  exclu- 
sively Scandinavian,  and  support  their 
opinion  by  pointing  to  the  fact  of  their 
being  called  "broughs**  or  •*  burgha," 
an  undoubted  Saxon  or  Norse  word ;  also 
to  their  existence  in  those  parts  alone  that 
were  once  subject  to  Scandinavian  rule. 
But,  although  the  name  of  "  brough  "  or 
<<borg''  was  bestowed  by  the  Scandina- 
vians, they  are  called  in  the  olden  Erae 
language  <*duns;''  and  if  built  by  the 
Norsemen,  similar  forts  should  be  found 
in  other  countries  colonised  by  the  Scan- 
dinavians, as  in  Iceland,  the  Feroo  islee, 
and  Norway — where,  however,  there  are 
none.  By  the  common  people  in  Shetland 
they  are  universally  styled  '*  Ptehts  (or 
Picts)'  Broughs.''  The  Plots  (in  Dr. 
Charlton's  opinion)  were  the  earliest  in* 
habitants  of  these  isles — unless  the  stone 
celts  and  the  barrows  be  referred  to  a  still 
earlier  period — to  the  dark  prehistoric  •§*> 


18530 


Antiguarian  Researches. 


419 


of  which  these,  and  a  few  cranise  of  the 
hrachycephalic  or  the  primitire  type,  are 
the  only  memorials.  With  the  Pagan  Rets 
dwelt  contemporaneonsly  the  Papse,  de- 
nominated in  the  Icelandic  chronicles 
Western  Christians,  and  who,  probably, 
were  Irish  missionaries;  and  during  this 
period  (from  600  to  800  or  1,000  a.c.) 
Dr.  Charlton  believes  the  towers  to  have 
been  constracted — chiefly  as  refuges  from 
the  sudden  incursions  of  hostile  tribes,  or 
the  attacks  of  each  other.  The  most  per- 
fect yet  existing  is  the  burgh  of  Mousa, 
and  stands  on  the  bare  rock  or  plain, 
without  any  protection  save  that  afforded 
by  its  own  impregnable  walls.  Others 
have  been  surrounded  by  ramparts  and 
ditches  of  various  forms ;  while  many  are 
placed  on  narrow  peninsulas,  or  promon- 
tories joined  to  the  land  by  a  narrow  neck, 
which  seems  in  several  instances  to  have 
been  likewise  strongly  fortified.  Some  are 
found  in  freshwater  locks,  placed  on  islets, 
and  connected  with  the  main  land  by  a 
narrow  causeway  of  large  stones.  The 
general  form  may  be  compared  to  that 
of  our  glass-house  cones.  The  burgh  of 
Mousa  is  composed,  like  nearly  all  the 
rest  in  Shetland,  of  two  concentric  walls, 
with  a  space  between  them,  varying  from 
four  feet  in  the  lower  portion  to  little  more 
than  eighteen  inches  in  the  upper.  This 
interval  has  been  formed  into  chambers, 
one  above  the  other,  by  the  rude  method 
of  inserting  large  and  heavy  flagstones, 
which  serve  as  the  roof  of  one  chamber 
and  the  floor  of  another.  There  are  no 
less  than  seven  stories — the  utmost  breadth 
of  the  lowermost  being  no  more  than  four 
feet : — the  uppermost  will  hardly  allow  of 
passage,  it  is  so  narrow.  For  purposes  of 
light  there  are  square  openings  in  the  inner 
wall,  like  pigeon-holes;  placed  in  rows 
from  above  downwards.  The  chambers, 
or  galleries,  run  all  round  the  buildiofi:, 
without  doors  or  partitions.  Entrance  is 
gained  to  the  chambers  from  the  interior 
yard  of  the  burgh  by  a  space  in  the  wall 
about  21  feet  broad;  and  the  different 
floors  are  reached  by  a  staircase  or  inclined 
plane  about  five  feet  broad.  The  only 
external  entrance  to  the  burgh  is  a  low 
doorway,  three  feet  wide  by  five  in  height, 
without  any  trace  of  lintel  or  jamb.  The 
circular  space  within  has  never  been 
covered  over,  or  the  darksome  dens  of  the 
inmates,  between  the  walls,  would  have 
been  altogether  without  light,  there  being 
no  external  opening  but  the  doorway. 
The  masonry  of  the  whole  building  is  rude 
beyond  description.  Huge  blocks  of  slaty 
stone  are  laid  one  upon  the  other  without 
a  j)article  of  mortar.  Some  "through 
stones''  have  been  inserted  in  the  inner 


wall,  but  none  in  the  outer.  By  some  these 
rude  towers  are  regarded  as  tombs ;  but 
the  weight  of  authority  pronounces  them 
to  be  places  of  refuge  and  defence,  on  oc- 
casions of  hostile  visits.  The  burgh  of 
Mousa  is  twice  referred  to  by  the  Icelandic 
Sagas.  Once,  when  recording  that  the 
Norseman  Bj6m,  flying  from  Norway  with 
his  bride  Thora,  was  wrecked  on  the  east 
coast  of  Shetland.  He  and  his  companions 
took  out  the  cargo,  and  conveyed  it  to  the 
burgh  of  Mousa,  where  they  all  took  shel- 
ter. Their  vessel  they  hauled  on  shore, 
and  repaired ;  and  while  here,  Bjdm  re- 
ceived tidings  that  he  had  been  declared 
an  outlaw.  This  elopement  occurred  up- 
wards of  a  thousand  years  ago.  Again,  in 
the  year  1154,  the  burgh  of  Mousa  proved 
an  asylum  to  runaway  lovers.  Erlend, 
Jarl  of  Orkney,  demanded  in  marriage 
Dame  Margaret,  mother  of  Harold,  his 
partner  in  the  government  of  the  islands. 
Harold  refused  his  consent;  whereupon 
Erlend,  secretly  gathering  together  his 
men,  fled  with  the  lady,  and  dwelt  in  the 
burgh  of  Mousa  with  a  large  retinue. 
Harold  laid  siege  to  the  burgh,  but  with- 
out success ;  and  he  and  Erlend  patched 
up  a  peace,  and  a  formal  marriage  ensued. 

SOCIETT  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  SCOTLAXD. 

March  14.  Sir  James  Ramsay  pre- 
sented a  fine  cinerary  urn,  dug  up  at  Malta 
last  summer,  with  various  other  antiquities, 
during  a  visit  paid  by  him  to  that  island. 
He  also  exhibited  drawings  of  a  remarkable 
class  of  structures,  of  Cyclopsean  work- 
manship, usually  ascribed  to  a  Phoenician 
origin,  which  form  very  striking  monu- 
ments of  the  occupants  of  the  island,  pro- 
bably at  the  dawn  of  the  historic  period. 

Two  remarkable  stone  vessels,  one  of 
them  nearly  two  feet  in  diameter,  were 
presented  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Rhind.  They 
were  turned  up  by  the  plough,  on  the  form 
of  Ancorn,  near  Wick .  The  smaller  of  the 
two  appears  to  have  been  a  cinerary  urn, 
and  had  a  stone  cover  when  found;  the 
larger  has  handles  cut  out  of  stone,  and  a 
rudely  ornamented  rim,  and  is  supposed 
to  have  formed  a  sarcophagus  or  cist  in 
which  the  smaller  nm  was  deposited.  They 
present  together  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able discoveries  of  this  class  hitherto  noted 
in  Scotland. 

Among  the  other  donations  laid  on  the 
table  were  some  large  ornamental  iron  nails 
and  shields,  apparently  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury, from  the  ancient  chapel  of  Kilbride 
near  Dunblane. 

A  communication  was  read  from  Pro- 
fessor J.  Scott  Porter,  of  Belfast,  on  the 
use  of  imagery  among  the  Jevrs,  both  in 
ancient  and  modem  times,  suggested  by 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


420 


the  notice  of  a  Hebrew  inscribed  matrix, 
found  at  Duddtngstone  last  year,  and 
printed  in  the  Society's  proceedings.  The 
object  was  to  show  that  the  occurrence  of 
a  human  head  as  the  device  engraved  on 
the  ancient  matrix  did  not  militate  against 
its  having  been  the  seal  of  a  Hebrew  mer- 
chant, which  Professor  Porter  believes  it 
to  have  been. 

The  next  communication,  by  Dr.  T.  A. 
Wise,  was  "  Notices  of  some  ancient  Mo- 
numents of  Asia,  compared  with  those  of 
Europe."  Dr.  Wise  described  various 
stone  circles,  monoliths,  cromlechs,  and 
other  monuments  examined  by  him  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  India,  which  bear  the  closest 
resemblance  to  similar  relics,  usually 
ascribed  to  a  Celtic  origin,  in  Europe.  Of 
these  he  exhibited  an  interesting  series  of 
drawings,  including  the  results  of  his  own 
observations,  and  also  copies  from  draw- 
ings made  by  the  late  Colonel  Mackenzie, 
Surveyor-General  of  Tndia.  Dr.  Wise  also 
described  cairns,  and  rude  stone  cists  in- 
closing cinerary  urns  ;  and  concluded  by 
remarking  that  the  identity  of  these  monu- 
ments of  the  Indian  Peninsula  with  those 
structures  commonly  called  Celtic,  abound- 
ing in  the  west  of  Europe,  appear  to  justify 
the  inference  that  the  races  which  intro- 
duced them  into  these  widely-separated 
parts  of  the  world  were  of  common  origin. 

Dr.  Wilson  then  made  a  report  on  the 
restorations  effected  on  the  ancient  Chapel 
of  St.  Margaret  in  the  Castle  of  Edin- 
burgh, together  with  some  observations  on 
its  original  dedication,  as  he  believed,  to  St 
Mary;  distinguishing  such  notices  of  it  as 
he  referred  to  from  those  which  he  con- 
sidered applicable  to  a  larger  church,  de- 
stroyed towards  the  close  of  the  last  century 
to  make  way  for  the  building  now  forming 
the  north  side  of  the  Grand  Parade.  Mr. 
Ballantyne  exhibited  the  painted  glass  win- 
dow executed  by  him  for  temporary  in- 
sertion in  the  west  gable,  but  which  is 
destined  ultimately  to  form  the  east  window 
of  the  apse,  at  present  blocked  up,  on  its 
being  reopened.  In  addition  to  the  appro- 
priate sacred  monograms,  &c.  this  window 
bears  the  following  inscription  : — '*  Haec 
aedicula,  olim  beatissimae  Margaritae  Re- 
ginae  Scotiae,  quae  obiit  A.D.  Mxciii. 
patriae  ingratae  negligentia  lapsa  Victoriae 
Reginae,  prognatae,  auspiciis  restituta, 
A.D.  Mdcccliii."  With  the  sanction 
of  Lieut.-Colonel  Phillpotts,  Commanding 
Royal  Engineer  for  Scotland,  it  was  agreed 
to  hold  a  meeting  of  the  Fellows  within 
the  venerable  Cliapcl,  now  the  most  ancient 
building  in  lildin burgh,  thus  auspiciously 
restored  under  the  Society's  influence  and 
directions. 


[April, 


Dr.  Wilson  also  read  a  letter  he  had  re- 
ceived from  the  Frendent  of  the  Executive 
Council  of  Canada,  in  reference  to  the 
ancient  Crozier  of  St  Fillan,  believed  to 
have  been  borne  at  the  battle  of  Bannock- 
burn,  and  of  which  the  royal  investment, 
granted  by  James  III.  in  1487  to  John 
Doire,  or  Dewar,  the  ancestor  of  its  pre- 
sent possessor,  still  exists.  This  remark- 
able Scotish  relic,  which  was  carried  off  to 
Canada  on  the  emigration  of  its  possessor 
a  few  years  ago,  is  now  offered  for  sale  to 
the  Society,  but  at  a  price  so  extravagant 
as,  it  is  feared,  must  preclude  all  hope  of 
its  present  restoration  to  Scotland. 


CAMBRIDGE  ANTIQUARIAN  80C1BTT. 

Feb,  28.  Mr.  Rigg,  the  SecreUry,  made 
remarks  upon  some  contemporary  coins 
of  pretenders  to  the  throne  of  Spain,  viz. 
the  ultimately  successful  Philip  V.  and  the 
Archduke  who  called  himSelf  Charles 
III.  In  the  latter  case  the  coins  had 
been  allowed  to  continue  in  circnlatioo, 
but  the  erasure  of  one  of  the  letters  bad 
converted  it  into  an  apparent  coin  of 
Charles  II.    The  date  of  them  is  1708. 

An  impression  of  the  seal  of  the  Hoa- 
pital  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist  at  Cam- 
bridge, which  was  dissolved  for  the  founda- 
tion of  St.  John's  College,  was  exhibited 
by  the  Treasurer.  It  appeirs  to  be  a  work 
of  the  12th  century,  and  was  foond  attached 
to  a  deed  executed  by  the  Master  and 
Brethren  of  the  Hospital  in  the  11th 
Edw.  IV. 

The  Rev.  E.  Ventris  read  an  extract 
from  Baker's  MSS.  showing  that  the  third 
Esquire  Bedell  of  the  University  (an  office 
which  an  attempt  has  so  recently  been 
made  to  discontinue)  was  first  appointed 
in  the  year  1556. 

Mr.  Rigg  read  a  paper  upon  the  orien- 
tation of  King's  College  chapel,  tendinf 
to  show  that  it  could  not  be  made  to  con- 
form to  the  theory  on  that  snbject  an- 
nounced by  the  late  Cambridge  Camden 
Society.  The  exact  direction  of  this  build- 
ing was  recently  determined  by  Mr.  Adama, 
in  the  course  of  a  triangulation  conducted 
by  him  for  connecting  the  Cambridge  Ob- 
servatory with  that  at  St.  John's  College. 

Mr.  C.  C.  Babington  read  that  part  of 
his  forthcoming  treatise  upon  Ancient 
Cambridgeshire,  which  gives  an  account 
of  a  Roman  wooden  causeway  found  in 
Bridge  street,  when  the  great  sewer  was 
in  the  course  of  formation  in  1823.  It 
was  found  at  an  average  depth  from  (he 
present  surface  of  the  street  of  14  feet, 
and  extended  from  the  Great  Bridge  to 
St.  Sepulchre's  church. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


M         teriiloi 


Tbe  differences  of  Anatrm  with  Turkey 
ha?c  been  arranfecl,  and  ortlers  given  to 
countermttTit!  the  innrch  of  Auslrinn  troops 
on  CrontU-  Omcr  Pasha  lina  nlso  r^cEived 
instructions  to  cease  hostilities  in  Monte- 
negro. 

Turki'y  has  siwtaiiied  consideroble  abrm 
from  thf  demands  of  Russia*  'The&e  are 
stdlrd  in  be: — 1.  The  expulsion  of  the 
refngwfi.  2.  The  protectorate  over  all 
Chrislittna  belonging  to  the  Greek  Church, 
in  T^irkey.  3,  Tree  passage  for  the  Rus- 
aiao  tlcL»t  through  tbe  Utrdancllcs.  4.  Ces- 
sion of  the  port  of  Batoum.  5,  Several 
concessions  to  the  foUowera  of  the  Greek 
Church,  particularly  in  regard  to  the 
Holy  Shrines.  At  this  crisia,  Fuad  Effendt, 
the  Turki.'^h  minisler  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
renifued,  haviog^  bt-eii  treated  with  great 
in  dignity  by  Prince  Meiiseliikoff>  the  Rus* 
sinn  eavoy,  who  did  not  pay  htm  the  usnal 
compHment  of  hr^t  catling  on  the  minister 
before  visiting  the  Sultan.  A  French 
squadron  left  Toulon  for  the  Levant  on  the 
22nd  March.  Prince  Menscbik off  had  his 
first  audieiice  of  the  Sultan  on  the  13th, 
which  is  Baid  to  hove  passed  off  in  the 
most  friendly  manner. 

The  late  outbreak  m  Italy  haa  been 
punished  with  jjfreat  severity.  About  forty 
person 6  luive  been  hung  or  shot*  and  more 
than  a  hnnilred  condemned  to  the  galleys, 
by  order  of  the  Austrian  military  comiuit- 
Rtoners.  All  the  natives  of  the  Swiss 
canton  of  Ticlno  are  expelled  from  Lorn- 
bardy  ;  they  amount  it  is  said  to  5,0110. 

The  war  with  the  Kafirs  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  19  now  eotisidtred  to  be  at  au 
end.  This  arduous  contest  commenced  on 
the  ^4th  of  December.  1850,  in  an  attempt 
to  seize  SandilH.  Cnffraria  wits  at  that 
time  held  in  tiubjection  by  s  military  force, 
or  in  what  is  called  military  occupation. 
At  the  end  of  two  years  of  active  Ojierations 
Sondilli  U  still  at  large,  and  C&ifraria  is 
held  in  *.ubjection  only  by  a  militiiry  force. 
The  only  difference  is,  that  the  force  was 
smiillcr  i«  1850,  said  to  have  been  about 
l,50y  bayonets,  while  it  is  estimated  at 
some  7,000  or  8,000  in  1853.  During  the 
contest  a  large  number  of  the  bruvest 
frontier  colonists  have  fallen*  and  a  much 
larger  number  have  been  ruined  and 
greatly  disheartened*  The  boundariei  of 
ihe  oolony  have  been  con^sidcrnhly  ex* 
tended,  and  many  inhabitants  of  the  older 
frontier  diHtrtcts  are  moving  into  the  new 
terfitory,  still  further* weakening  the  old 


frontier.  The  Kafirs  have  shown  that  they 
have  the  means  nf  obluinine;  firearms,  and 
that  they  are  actjuiring  skill  in  using  them. 
To  the  gun  they  have  added  the  horse. 
This  entirely  changes  the  charncter  of 
border  warfare.  Thirty  years  ago  a  few 
colonials  on  horseback,  with  their  far- 
reaching  rifles,  could  confront  and  scatter 
alaiost  any  number  of  natives  on  foot, 
armed  only  with  sticks  or  missile  spears 
cast  from  the  hand.  If  they  examined 
their  ground  and  chose  their  time  well, 
they  could  return  from  a  succesiful  cam- 
paign almost  without  a  wound.  Bnrns'- 
lull,  Wftterkloof,  and  Perca  show  what  a 
fearful  change  has  token  place  within  a 
few  years.  In  some  instances  during  the 
last  three  war*  it  hardly  ajipears  that  they 
lost  more  nieo  than  the  disciplined  troops, 
and  more  than  once  it  remained  douhtfol 
on  which  side  the  advantage  lay.  They 
improve  in  adroitness  and  daring  with 
every  war,  with  every  action.  Every  slic« 
cut  from  their  territory  confirms  and  lo- 
fJames  their  hostility; 

In  India  our  troops  have, after  long  and 
unsatisfactory  delays,  achieved  a  victory 
o?cr  the  enemy.  Tlie  Aeng  pass,  which 
had  been  strongly  stockaded  and  held  by 
3,000  men^  was  taken  on  the  Gih  Jan. 
The  affair,  which  was  conducted  by  Capt. 
Nuthall,  was  decisive  and  brilliant,  and 
but  for  tbe  nature  of  the  ground  tbe  retreat 
of  the  foe  would  have  been  cut  oft'.  The 
fact  that  their  cannon  was  found  to  eonsint 
of  pieces  of  bamboo  bound  round  with 
cord,  does  in  no  way  diminish  the  difij- 
cnltics  which  our  men  had  to  accomplish, 
for  there  was  no  time  for  the  pop-gan 
artillery  to  be  brouf^bt  into  play.  The 
King  of  Ava  has  been  assassiuated  by 
the  Prime  Minister,  the  King's  brother- 
in-law. 

General  Pierce  has  been  elected  Preai- 
dent  of  tbe  United  States,  and  was  in- 
augur  ate  d  at  Washington  oo  the  4  th  of 
March.  The  ceremony  was  performed 
with  much  enthusiasm  and  some  pomp. 
The  following  are  the  names  of  tlie  new 
Cabinet : — Governor  Mnrcy,  of  New  York, 
Foreign  Affair*  ;  James  Guthrie,  of  Ken- 
tucky, Treasury;  Jefferson  Davis,  of  Mis- 
sissippi, War:  Mr.  Dobbin,  of  North 
CaroHna,  Navy;  Governor  McClelland,  of 
Michigan,  Interior  j  Judge  Campbell,  of 
Pennsylvania,  Postmaster- General ;  and 
Caleb  Cushing,  of  Maasachusctts,  Attor- 
ney-General*    They  are  all  new  men,  and 


422 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


[April, 


three  of  them  fellovr-soldiers  with  General 
Pierce  in  the  Mexican  war.  Congress  has 
voted  an  appropriation  of  150,000  dollars 
for  the  purpose  of  surveying  and  exploring 
a  railroad  route  to  the  Pacific — the  survey 
and  report  to  he  laid  before  Congress  as 
soon  as  possible. 


A  note  of  Sir  Charles  Hotham  to  the 
President  of  the  Republic  of  Paraguay, 
acknowledging  the  indepeodence  of  that 
State  on  the  part  of  Great  Britain,  was 
published  at  Assumption  on  the  3d  of 
January. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


In  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  24th 
of  February  Lord  John  Russell  moved  a 
resolution  in  favour  of  the  Jews,  in  the 
following  terms :  "  That  it  is  expedient  to 
remove  all  the  civil  disiabilities  at  present 
affecting  her  Majesty's  subjects  of  the 
Jewish  persuasion,  in  like  manner  and 
with  the  like  exception  as  in  the  case  of  her 
Majesty's  subjects  professing  the  Roman 
Catholic  religion.**  This  was  carried  by 
a  majority  of  234  to  205.  On  Friday  the 
4th  of  March,  the  secoud  reading  of  the 
Canada  Clergy  Reserves  Bill  was  carried 
by  275  to  192.  On  the  18th  of  March 
Parliament  was  adjourned  over  the  Easter 
recess  to  the  4th  of  April. 

On  the  20th  Feb.  the  church  of  Blaina 
near  Monmouth,  was  wholly  destroyed  by 
fire,  arising  from  overheating  the  stoves. 

On  the  23rJ  Feb.  the  central  tower  of 
Lincoln  cathedral  was  set  on  fire  by  light- 
ning. The  fire  smouldered  for  two  hours 
and  a  half,  and  then  burst  into  a  flame  ; 
hut  was  happily  extinguished  without 
causint;  any  considerable  damage. 

Early  in  the  morning  of  Monday  Feb.  28, 
the  inhabitants  of  Doncaster  were  awoke 
by  an  alarm  of  fire  in  their  ancient  and 
spacious  parish  church.  The  building  was 
much  choked  by  cumbrous  galleries,  and 
was  wholly  destroyed,  including  a  valuable 
library,  which  was  kept  over  the  south 
porch.  The  west  window  had  been  only 
recently  filled  >vith  painted  glass,  at  the 
cost  of  700/.,  to  the  memory  of  the  late 
Sir  William  Cooke,  Bart,  of  Wheatley 
Hall.  Three  other  painted  windows  had 
recently  cost  400/.;  besides  which,  the 
east  window  was  erected  during  the  last 
century,  at  the  cost  of  1,000  guineas.  The 
organ,  by  Harris,  originally  intended  for 
the  Temple  church,  was  highly  esteemed. 
This  magnificent  church  was  151  feet  long, 
0*8  broad,  78  feet  high  in  the  nave',  and 
141  in  the  tower,  which  has  shared  the 
fate  of  the  rest  of  the  structure.  From 
the  material  being  limestone  the  destruc- 
tion is  complete.     The  calamity  is  attri- 


buted to  the  flues,  assisted  perhaps  by  the 
gas-pipes.  A  subscription  list  has  been 
opened  for  its  restoration,  which  is  headed 
by  the  corporation  of  Doncaster  with  the 
sum  of  5,000/. 

March  19.  A  little  before  10  p.  m.  a 
fire  broke  out  in  the  Dining-room  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales's  Tower  at  Windsor  Casiie, 
where  her  Majesty  and  Prince  Albert  had 
that  day  dined.  It  continued  to  burn  until 
about  6  the  following  morning,  when  it  was 
wholly  subdued,  chiefly  by  the  exertions 
of  the  military.  The  dining-room  and  the 
two  floors  over  it  were  entirely  destroyed ; 
but  the  furniture  was  almost  wholly  rescued, 
and  the  plate-rooms,  which  are  immediately 
beneath  the  dining-room,  being  fire  proof, 
were  fortunately  undisturbed,  and  the 
valuable  armoury,  in  the  adjoining  gallery, 
was  also  preserved.  The  mischief  arose 
from  the  flues  with  which  the  Castle  has 
been  recently  fitted ;  but  the  supply  of 
water  at  the  high  level  from  the  new  tank 
at  Cranbourn  proved  an  efficient  source  of 
protection. 

The  Port  of  London. — New  works  for 
enlarging  and  deepening  the  East  Country 
Dock,  and  adding  it  to  the  Commercial 
Docks  at  Rotherhithe,  have  been  under- 
taken by  Mr.  Walker  and  Mr.  Bnrges, 
the  company's  engineers.  The  Greenland 
Dock,  now  one  of  the  Commercial  Docks, 
was,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  the  only 
dock  (or  rather  basin,  for  it  had  no  gates) 
"  in  the  port  of  London.  Its  area  is  ten 
acres.  There  have  been  added  during  the 
present  century  additional  docks,  waking 
a  total  area  of  seventy  acres,  including  the 
East  ('ountry  Dock.  From  the  aboTe 
increase  of  this  one  concern,  and  the  nu- 
merous other  docks  since  made— namely, 
the  W>st  India,  the  East  India,  the  Lon- 
don, the  Grand  Surrey  Canal  Docks,  and 
the  St.  Katharine's  Docks— an  idea  of 
the  vast  increase  of  shipping  and  accom- 
modation for  shipping  in  the  port  of  Lon- 
don may  be  formed. 


423 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Preferments. 

Feh.  11.  John  Green,  esq.  now  Consul  at 
the  Piraus,  to  be  Consul  at  Alexandria. 

Feb.  19.  Benjamin  Campbell,  esq.  to  be 
Consul  at  Lajjos. 

Feff.  21.  The  Earl  of  Clarendon,  K.G.  to  be 
Secretary  of  .State  for  the  Foreign  Department, 
—Viscount  Combermere,  G.CB.  to  be  Con- 
stable  of  the  Tower  of  London  and  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Tower  Hamlets.— Wyndham 
^Villiam  Lewis,  of  Llanthetty  hall,  esq.  to  be 
Sheriff  of  the  county  of  Brecon.— Lord  Cowley, 
K.C.B.,  Her  .Majesty's  Ambassador  Extra- 
ordinary and  Plenipotentiary  to  the  Emperor 
of  the  "French,  to  be  G.C  B.  of  the  Civil  divi- 
sion ;  William  GoreOuseley,  esq.  to  be  K.C.B. 
of  the  Civil  division  ;  Lieut.-Gen.  Charles  Mac- 
leod,  K.LCo's.  service,  to  be  K.CB. ;  and  Bel- 
ford  Hinton  Wilson,  esq.  to  be  K.C.B.  of  the 
Civil  division. 

Feb.  25.  B.  Boothby,  vs(\.  to  be  Second 
Judg:e  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  colony  of 

South  Australia. Claude  Fairie,  esq.  to  be 

Slieriff  for  the  colony  of  Victoria,  Hugh  Cul- 
linfr  Kardley  Childers,  esq.  to  be  Auditor  Gene- 
ral, Edward  Grimes,  esq.  to  be  Immigration 
A^ent,  and  George  William  Rusden,  esq.  to  be 
Clerk  of  the  Executive  Council.— Henry  M'Crea 
^Vatson,  esq.  to  be  President  of  Sorters  in  the 
Post  Office  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.— Hos- 
pital Staff,  Inspector  General  A.  Smith,  M.D., 
Superintendent  of  the  Army  Medical  Depart- 
ment, to  be  Director  General  of  the  Army  and 
Ordnance  Medical  Departments. 

March  1.  20th  Fool,  Major-Gen.  Sir  William 
Chalmers,  C.B.  to  be  Colonel.— 50th  Foot, 
Major-Gen.  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  George  Arthur, 
Bart,  to  be  Colonel. 

Afarch  2.  Charles  Baillie,  esq.  Advocate,  to 
be  Sheriff  of  the  shire  of  Stirling,  vice  Handy- 
side,  resigned.— John  FitzGerakl  Leslie  Foster, 
esq.  to  be  Colonial  Secretary  for  the  colony  of 
Victoria.— Francis  Tortell,  esq.  to  be  Con- 
troller of  Contracts  and  Purveyor  of  Charities 
for  Malta.— Richard  A.  M'Heffey,  esq.  to  be  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Nova 
Scotia.— Francis  Blake  Du  Bois,  esq.  to  be  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  the  Virgin  Islands. 
March  3.  Lieut. -Col.  the  Hon.  Robert  Edw. 
Boyle  to  be  one  of  the  Grooms  in  Waiting  in 
Ordinarv  to  Her  Majesty,  vice  Knox,  resigned. 
March  4.  Coldstream  Foot  Guards,  batta- 
lion Surgeon  James  Monro,  Ml),  to  be  Sur- 
geon-Major ;  Assistant. Surgeon  Joseph  Skel- 
ton,  M.D.  to  be  battalion  Surgeon.— 54th  Foot. 
Captain  Rowland  Moffat  to  be  Major.- 83d 
Foot,  brevet  Major  Henry  Lloyd  to  be  Major. 

March  7.  Robert  Charles  Chester  Eardley- 
WilMiot,  esq.  to  be  Clerk  of  the  Executive 
Council,  and  Lieut.  Andrew  Clarke,  R.E.  to  be 
a  member  of  the  Legislative  Councd  of  Van 
Diemen's  Land.— William  Allcot  Radcliffe,esq. 
to  be  Crown  Surveyor  for  the  Turk's  and 
Caicos  Islands.— Lieut.  Christopher  Sayers  to 
be  Deputy  Commissary-General  for  Ceylon. 
—James  Christopher  Davidson,  esq.  to  be 
Clerk  of  the  Peace  for  the  district  of  George, 
Cape  of  Good  Hoi>e. 

March  8.  Colonel  the  Hon.  A.  N.  Hood  to 
be  Clerk  Marshal  to  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert. 

March  11.  3d  West  India  Regt.  Ueut.-Col. 
Auchniuty  Montresor,  from  Unattached,  to  be 
Lieut-Colonel.— Brevet,  Major  L.  S.  O'Connor, 
1st  West  India  Regt.  to  be  Lieut. -Colonel.— 
Robert  Bunch,  esq,,  now  British  Vice-Consul 
at  New  York,  to  be  Consul  »t  Philadelphia. 
March  12.    Dancombe  Pyrke,  jnn.  esq.  one 


of  Her  Majesty's  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentlemen-at- 
Arms,  vice  Robinson. 

March  15.  William  Charles  Sargeaunt,  esq. 
to  be  Colonial  Secretary  for  the  district  of 
Natal  in  South  Africa. 

March  17.  The  Hon.  Mary  Bulteel  to  be  one 
of  the  Maids  of  Honour  in  Ordinary  to  Her 
Majesty,  tnceThe  Hon.  Amelia  Matilda  Murray, 
who  is  appointed  Extra  Maid  of  Honour. 

March  18.  Henry  Collett  Bury,  esq.  to  be 
Master  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Mauritius; 
Philip  Dottin  Souper,  esq.  to  be  Registrar  of 
the  same  Court. 

March  19.  The  Hon.  John  Henry  Thomas 
Manners-Sutton,  Charles  Ramsay  Drinkwater 
Bethune,  esq.  C.B.  and  Capt.  R.N.,  and  Colin 
Blackburn,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  to  be  Com- 
missioners for  inquiring  into  local  charges 
upon  Shipping.— Armand  Pictet,  esq.,  now 
British  Consular  Agent,  to  be  Consul  at  Ge- 
neva. 

March  22.  7th  Dragoon  Guards,  Major- 
Gen.  Robert  Burd  Gabriel,  C.B.  to  be  ColoneL 
—14th  Light  Dragoons,  Lieut.-Gen.  the  Hon. 
Henry  Murray,  C.B.,  from  7th  Dragoon  Guards, 
to  be  Colonel. 

March  25.  Scots  Fusilier  Guards,  brevet 
Col.  and  Major  Henry  Colvile  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel;  Capt.  and  Lieut.-Col.  and  brevet 
Colonel  W.  T.  Knollys  to  be  Major;  brevet 
Col.  J.  H.  E.  Dalrymple  to  be  Captain  and 
Lieut.-Colonel.— 23(1  Foot,  Major  H.  G.  Chester 
to  be  Lieut.-Colonel;  Capt.  F.  J.  Phillott  to  be 
Major.— 44th  Foot,  Capt.  Rob.  Fielden  to  be 
Major.— 4th  Lancashire  Militia,  John  J.  Black- 
burne,  jun.  esq.  (late  Lieut.-Colonel  in  the  2d 
regiment)  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel.— 5th  Lancashire 
Militia,  Charles  Towueley,  esq.  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel. 


East  Essex  Militia,  Viscount  Jocelyn  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel.— West  Essex  Militia,  Samuel 
Brise  Ruggles  Brise,  esq.,  late  of  the  1st  Dra- 
goon Guards,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel.— 3d  Lanca- 
shire Militia,  Capt.  Montague  Joseph  Feilden 
and  Capt.  Thomas  Townley  Parker  to  be  Ma- 
jors.—1st  Staffordshire  Militia,  Major  the  Hon. 
Wellington  P.  M.  C.  Talbot  to  be  Lieut.-Colo- 
nel.—North  York  Militia,  Lord  Greenock  to 
be  Major. 

Mr.  Lowry  Balfour  to  be  Secretary  to  the 
Order  of  St.  Patrick,  vice  the  Hon.  Robert 
Boyle,  resigned. 

Members  returned  to  serve  in  Parliamtni, 
Blackburn.— MonXdigVie  Joseph  Fielden,  esq. 
Car/otr.— John  Alexander,  esq. 
l^erfry.— Michael  Thomas  Bass,  esq.  declared 
duly  elected,  vice  Horsfall. 

Forfarshire.— Hon,  Lauderdale  Maule,  (Sur- 
veyor-general of  the  Ordnance,)  re-elected. 
From*.— Lieut.-Col.  Hon.  R.  E.  Boyle,  re-eU 
Worcestershire  riVe#/;.— Viscount  KImley. 


Naval  Prefermknts. 
Feb.  25.  In  consideration  of  the  successful 
operations  against  Rangoon  and  Pe^,  and  in 
the  Irrawaddy  river,  the  following  Naval  pro- 
motions have  taken  place :  Command.  C.  F.  A. 
Shadwell  to  be  CapUin  ;  Lieuta.  John  William 
Dorville,  Henry  Shank  Hlllyar,  Rowley  Lam- 
bert, and  George  William  Rice,  to  be  Com- 
manders :  Mr.  Hugh  Alan  Uinde  and  Mr. 
Charles  Ashwell  Boteler  Pocock  to  be  Lieu- 
tenants. 


424 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments, 


[April, 


March  5.  Vice-Adm.  the  Hon.  Georg^e  Elliot, 
C.B.  to  be  Admiral  of  the  Blue ;  Rear-Adm. 
Charles  Gordon,  C.B.  to  be  Vice-Admiral  on 
the  reserved  half-pay  list ;  Rear  Adm.  Sir 
W.  H.  Dillon,  Knight,  K.C.H.  to  be  Vice- 
Admiral  of  the  Blue;  Capt.  Edward  Boxer, 
C.B.  to  be  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue;  Capt. 
Thomas  Ball  Clowes  to  be  retired  Rear- Admi- 
ral on  the  terms  proposed,  1st  Sept.  1846. 

March  10.  Commanders  Charles  Fraser, 
John  Powney,  K.ll.,  John  Hudson,  Colson 
Festing,  George  G.  Miall,  Charles  Hall,  God- 
frey L.  Woolley,  John  Hills,  and  C.  Binsted, 
to  be  Captains  on  the  reserved  half-pay  list.— 
Lieutenants  Francis  Godench,  Richard  Ward, 
John  Adamson,  Richard  N.  VVillinms,  Thomas 
Higgins,  Francis  Lyon,  William  Hole.  John 
Nicholas,  A.  Shillingford,  and  J.  Sanders,  to 
be  Commanders  on  tlie  reserved  half-pay  list. 
—Commander  H.  D.  Rogers  to  Albion. — 
Lieutenants  Thomas  C.  Ponsonby,  W.  H.  Old- 
mixon,  W.  N.  Boyce,  and  H.  P.  Dicken,  to  be 
Admiralty  agents  in  contract  mail  packets. 


Ecclesiastical  Prefermrnts. 
Rev.  John  Jackson,  M.A.  Pembroke  College, 

Oxford,  to  the  Bishopric  of  Lincoln. 
Rev.  R.  C.  Coxe,  to  the  Archdeaconry  of  Lin- 

disfarne,  w.  Eglingham  V.  Northumberland. 
Rev.  G.  H.  U.  Fagan  (R.  of  Kingweston)  to 

the  Canonry  of  Combe  3rd,  in  the  Cathedral 

Church  of  Wells. 
Rev.  H.  Verschoyle,  the  Chancellorship  of  the 

Cathedral  Church  of  Christ,  Dublin. 
Rev.  F.  J.  Aldrich,  Stanningfield  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  J.  C.  Bagshaw,  St.  John's,  South  Ade- 
laide, Australia. 
Rev.  A.  Baynham,  Charlton  V.  Wilts. 
Rev.  H.  Bcwsher,  Knaresdale  R.  Northumb. 
Rev.  C.  F.  Booker,  Parkstone  P.C.  Dorset. 
Rev. Burnsidc,  Muck  no  R.  and  V.  dio. 

Clogher. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Charlesworth,  Heacham  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  R.  W.  C:hurch,  Whatlcy  R.  Somerset. 
Rov.  J.  ('Inrk,  Kegworlh  R.  w.  Isley-Wnlton 

C.  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  A.  Codd,  Hawridgo  R.  Bucks. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Consterdine,  Philip  P.C.  Chorky, 

Cheshire. 
Rev.  W.  Conway,  St.  Nicholas  V.  w.  St.  Cle- 
ment V.  Rochester,  Kent. 
Rev.  W.  Cooper,  Rippingale  K.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  J.  M.  (fox,  Misterton  V.  Somerset. 
Rev.  G.  I)e  Guille,  Little  Torrington  R.  Devon. 
Rev.R.V.  Dixon,CloghernyU.  archdio. Armagh. 
Rev.  J.  R.  l)i)bson,  Klswortli  R.  Cambridgesh. 
Rev.J.H.Duck.Ballymacarrett  P.C.  dio.  Down. 
Rev.  T.  Emerson,  Allendale  V.  Northumb. 
Rev.  A.  J.  Empson,  Eydon  R.  Northamptonsh. 
Rev.  E.  Evans,  Llangeitho  R.  Cardiganshire. 
Rev.  C  Falloon,  Bally nure  R.  and  the  Prebend 

of  Kilroot,  dio.  Connor. 
Rev.  A.  T.  Farrell,  Tullynakill  V.  dio.  Down. 
Rev.  E.  W.  Fen  wick,  Egginton,  P.C. 
Rev.  H.  Fitz-Gerald,  Bredon  R.  w.  Norton  C. 

and  Cutsden  C.  Worcestershire. 
Rev.  J.  Gibbs,  Dunluce  R.  dio.  l^nnor. 
Rev.W.Godfery,  Martin-Hussingtree  R.  Wore. 
Rev.J.Goodacre.W^ilby  R.w.  Hargham  R.  Norf. 
Rev.  E.Griffith,  Winterbourne-Gunner  R.Wilts. 
Rev.  E  Griffiths,  Copt-Oak  P.C.  Leicestersh. 
Rev.  W.  D.  Hall,  Lea  P.C.  Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  C.  S.  Harrison,  Cottisford  R.  Oxfordshire. 
Rev.  R.  I).  Hawkins,  Rivenhall  R.  Essex. 
Rev.  T.  Henrey,  Forest  Chapel  P.C  Macrle.s- 

rteld,  Cheshire. 
Rev.  G.  B.  Hill,  Burton -Lazars.  Welby  and 

Sysonby  Chapelrtes,  Leicestersnire. 
Rev.  G.  J.  Hill,  Saltford  R.  Somerset. 
Rev.  J.  R.  P.  Hoste,  Stanhoc  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  E.  Houlditch,  Matson  V.  Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  G.  Huntington,  Clerk  in  Orders,  Parish 

Church,  Wigan,  Lancashire. 

n 


Rey.J.F.Hurt,Bilbrough  R-and  Strelly  R.Notts. 

Rev.  F.  King.  St.  Patnck  P.C.  Newrv. 

Rev.  J.  G.  F.  H.  Knapp,  St.  John  P.C.  Portaet, 

Hants. 
Rev.  W.  Laycock,  South  Owrun  P.C. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Le  Marchant,  Hareafield  V. Glooc. 
Rev.  C.  S.  Lock,  St.  Botolph  P.C.  Colcbester. 
Rev.  M.  McKay,  LL.D.  Magheragal  R.  dio. 

Connor. 
Rev.  T.  E.  Marshall,  Oringley-on-the-Hill  V. 

Notts. 
Rev.  W.  Melland,  Rusbton  P.C.  SUffordshire. 
Rev.  C.  Mossop,  Etton  R.  Nortbafflptonabire. 
Rev.  H.  Murphy,  Magheralin  R.  and  the  Pre* 

centorship  of  Dromore,  dio.  Dromorc. 
Rev.  T.  W.  Nowell,  Wapping  R.  Middlesex. 
Rev.  M.  Onslow,  East  Peckliam  R.  Kent. 
Rev.  H.  Percy,  Greystock  R.  Cumberland. 
Rev.  J.  Prosser,  Church-AHnshuU  P.C.  Cheah. 
Rev.  J.  S.  Reeves,  Caheragh  R.  dio.  Cork. 
Rev.  F.  J.  Richards,  Boxley  V.  Kent. 
Rev.  J.  Richardson.  Willian  V.  Herts. 
Rev.  W.  L.  Rosenthal],  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Wil- 

lenhall,  SUflfordsbire. 
Rev.  P.  Rudd.  Billingham  V.  Durham. 
Rev.  L.  Rugg,  F<cchinswell  P.C.  w.  Sydmoaton 

P.C.  Hants. 
Rev.  J.  St.  John,  Bally macelligott  R.  and  V. 

dio.  Ardfert. 
Rev.  E.  Sandford,  Eiland  P.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  R.  Smith,  Hope  R.  Kent. 
Rev.  A.  H.  Stogdon,  Ovington  R.  Hants. 
Rev.  P.  W.  Story,  Fawsley  V.  Northamptonsh. 
Rev.  H.  Stretton.  St.  Mary  Mag^dalene  P.C. 

Chiswick,  Middlesex. 
Rev.  W.  Taylor,  Swinnerton  R.  Staffonlsliirc. 
Rev.  W.  Turpini  Clara  w.  Kilmanaghan  V.  dio. 

Meath. 
Rev.  W.  Tylden,  Stanford  V.  Kent. 
Rev.  H.  \Valker,  Rainford  P.C.  Cheshire. 
Rev.  J.  Walton,  Alverthorpe  P.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  J.  Webb,  Culworth  R.  and  V.  Northamp. 
Rev.  R.  F.  Webb.  Duaderrow  R.  dio.  Cork. 
Rev.  J.  Wilcox,  Hixon  P.C.  SUffordshire. 
Rev.  F.  Williams,  Saltley  P.C.  Warwickshire. 
Rev.  W.   Young,    Brackavillc  P.C.   archdio. 

Armagh. 
Rev.  H.  J.  G.  Young,  Holleslcy  R.  Suffolk. 

To  Chaplainciet. 

Uev.  S.  E.  Bernard,  to  Cheltenham  Hospital. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Bunce,  H.M.S.  Vengeance. 

Rev.  C.  G.  Courtenay,  St.  Paocras  Workhouse, 
Middlesex. 

Rev.  W.  P.  Creykc,  to  Lord  High  Commis- 
sioner of  the  Ionian  Islands. 

Rev.  C.  W.  Doherty,  to  Marquess  of  Ely. 

Rev.  G.  M.  d*Arcy  Irvine,  LL.D.  to  Duke  of 
Leinster. 

Rev.  W.  G.  Tucker,  Haslar  Hospital. 

Rev.  J.  Woolley.  to  be  one  of  Her  MMesty's 
Preachers  at  the  Chapel  Royal,  Whitehall. 

To  he  Chaplain*  to  the  Lord  UeutcmtiHi  of 
Ireland:— liev.  S.  Batcher,  D.D..  Rev.  Ur. 
McNeece,  Rev.  C.  P.  Relchcl,  (IVofesaor  of 
I^tin,  Queen's  College,  Belfast.)  Rev.  G.  Sal- 
mon, and  Rev.  J.  H.  Todd,  D.D. 

CoUcgialc  and  Scholastic  Appointments. 
Rev.  J.  L.  Balfour.  Mastership  of  the  Kepier 

Grammar  School,  Hooghton-Ie-Sprin|^. 
Rev.  R.  B.  Earle,  Head-Mastership  of  South- 
well Collegiate  Grammar  School. 
Rev.  C.  Hardwick,  Professorship  of  Divinity, 

Queen's  College,  Birmingham. 
Rev.  I).  James,  to  be  Warden  of  the  Welsh 

Institution,  Llandovery.  Cnrraartbenshlre. 

Rev. Paul,  to  be  Conduct  of  Eton  College. 

Rrv.W.V.Kamsen,  Head-Mastership  of  Frome* 

Selwood  Grammar  School,  Somerset. 
Rev.  W.  R.  Williams.  Vice-Principal  of  the 

Training  Institution,  Camarvonsnire. 
J.  Nicol,  to  the  Professorship  of  Natural  HU« 

tory,  Marischal  College,  Aoerdeea. 


1853.] 


Jtrihs — Marriages* 


425 


BIRTHS. 


I 


I 


Fe^,  10.    At  Ardin^^on  bouse,  Berks,  the 
wife  of  Dcmj^Jfls  Viney  Vernon,  e*q.  n  son  unci 

heir. 17.    At  Boa rni' mouthy  the  wife  uf  Col 

Charles  llajfAt,  a  dau. At  Hyde  Tark  pi. 

Lady  Char  loll  L«  Wai^ii  Taylor,  ft  suu.- — ^is. 
At  CtarenduH  l*aik,  Lady  Hervpv  BatJiurst,  a 

Hon*^ At  Bodipster.  the  vnfe  of  t'^pt.  G.  V\^ 

PouMt    Binjfhani,    64 1 h    Reff.    a  daw. In 

Upp^r  Styuiour  st.  Lady  CaroTme  Lister  Kaye, 
■  sfid.— 19,  At  Bcdgebury  Park»  Kent,  Lady 

Mildlrtd  Hnpe,  nremftiurHy,  a  dan, 20.    At 

Phrk  creacent,  Mrs.  Onloy  Bairill  Ociley,  a  tlau- 

21.   At  Woolwich  (^oromom,  Lady  Louisa 

Sppticer,  a  mn. 32,  At  Brigrhtoo,  the  wife  of 

S.  |jiin^,esq.  MP.  a  dau. 23.    At  Bildes- 

ton  rectory,  the  wife  of  Cant.  .1.   Ilorsford 

Ckwkburnj  R.N,  a  dan. At  the  Manor  iionse. 

Holt,  Wilts,  the  wifeof  Jolim  Nedd,  esq  M.l\ 
a  500. -^^37.  At  Hazclby,  Ijidy  Louisa  Howard, 

a  mh.^ At  Here  ford,  "the  wife  of  the  Hew  \\. 

F.  Muain'ave,  M.A.  Canon  Residentinry,  a  dan. 
— —At  Weymouth,  the  wife  of  Sir   Wdham 

Thocnaa,  hart,  a  aon. AtSulham,  Berks,  the 

wife  of  the  Rer.  H,  M.  Northcote.  n  son. 

At  Stafford,  the  wife  of  Cap t,  Fulford,  a  dau. 
— —In  Upper  Grosvenor  at.  the  wife  of  Henry 
MJppHPsIey,  esq.  of  LaMborne  pi  Berks,  a  din, 
tatcfif'  At  Orton  LojiK-ncville,  Hunls^  ihe 
C*teaa  of  Aboyne,  a  kou.—- ^At  flaa  Hotel j 
Cannartli.  the  wife  of  Coh  Traffbrd,  a  dan. 

March  B'  At  the  house  of  her  father,  Samuel 
Gurney,  ejfj.  of  IJpton,  the  wife  of  Henry  Ford 

Uarclavt  eaci,  of    Lcytonstone,   a  dau. At 

Cavendish  &q.  the  Vi^coaiiteas  Stopfurd,  a  acin. 

4,  At  Hope  hall,  the  Viscountess  Neville, 

a  son. At  Brambam  houses  Yorkshire,  Mra. 

T,  H.  Preston,  a  dau, 5.  In  Hyde  Park  aq. 

the  wife  of  Edward  Leia;h  Kindersley,,  em],  a 

dau.^ §,  la  E«ton-s*j,  Lady  Gilbert  (Kennedy, 

a  dau. At  Haldon  house.  Ilevon,  the  wife  of 

Lawrence  Palk,  esq.  a  dau. 7.  At  i*\^  Llan- 

fiiir,  Anjclt^sey.  tlie  wife  of  Capt.  Ireinoijffer,  a 
dau.— —At  Monk  Fry«toii  hill,  near  Ferry- 
bridj^^e,  the  vrife  of  Benjamin  Hemsworth,  esq. 

a  dnu. a.  At  Bilburou^b  hall,  Ycrksh.  Mrs. 

Cbilders  Thompson,  a  son. U.  At  Stafford 

hooftei  the  Duchess  of  Argyll,  a  son. 10,  At 

Cursoa  st.  Lond{)n,  Lady  Guernsey,  a  dan. 

11.  At  Tyiidall  imrk,  Kent,  the  vrife  of  F.  Col- 

ville  Hyde,   esq.   a  aou  nm\  heir. 13.  At 

Hursley  pnrk,  the  wife  of  Sir  William  Heath- 
cote,  bart.  a  dau- In  Charlerhoiisc.lhe  wife 

of  (he  llev.  Df.   Siinndt'i-f!,   a  atin. -13.  At 

Nottinjjtoi],  Horfiet.  the  wife  of  Charles  W. 
Gordon,  esq.  of  Wincombc  t'ark,  Wilts,  a  son. 
—  At  Cambridge  terrace,  Hyde  Park,  the  wife 

of  C.  Beville  Urydexi.  esq.  a  son U.  At 

Corby  Ciatle,  the  wife  of  Philip  Henry  Howard, 

etq,  a  son   and  heir, 15.  At  the  Giltous, 

Pembrokeshire,  the  wife  of  Richard  Itlicrt  fhd^ 

lips,  eaq.  afion. 16.  At  Edinburirh,  (he  wife 

of  James  Cathcart,  esq,  a  son. A*  ^^  >■  >  — or 

bin,  SuaseJr,  the  wife  of  Herbert  > 
teis,  ea<|,a  dau.^— AtTilney  st.  tli<' ' 

Newark,  a  dan. At  Ch  is  wick,  ;;..    ,..,.   ^i 

Mr.  William  TliraleSich,*  dau. 17.  At  Ard- 

g-lass,  IrelaDd,  the  wife  of  Ernest  Thellujtaoti, 
esq.  a  dau.- — 18.  At  the  Vicarage,  Caterne, 
WiUa,  the  wife  of  the  Hev.  Gilbert  Heatlieote, 

a  dau. 19-  At  Burlington  house,  Mrs.  WjU 

lisTn  Cavendish,  a  dau, ^  At  Chester  st.  Gros- 

veoor  place,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Dnu^Ia^^  Calton^ 

R.E.  a  dan. At  E^itoti  Park,  Rutland,  the 

lIoiiL*  Mrs.  Heury  Nuul,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 

Jan.  15.  issa.  At  Dunedin.  Otago,  New 
Zealand,  Henry,  eldeat  &ou  of  the  late  Re^. 
Henry  JV^rcv*/  Archdeacon  of  Bombay,  to 


Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


Ellen- Peiielfii>e,  eldest  dau.  of  W.  H.  Valpy. 
eaq.  late  of  the  H.li.LC.  Civil  Serv,    Also, 

Sept,  Iti^  1852,  at  the  same  place,  James 
FkiUn,  esq.  to  Catherine. Henrietta- Klliott, 
third  dan.;  and  at  the  same  lime,  William 
MaekH'orih,  esq.  to  Juliet-Anna-Oweu,  younf^ 
est  duu.  of  W.  H.  Valpv,  esq.— At  Hobart 
Town,  George  Henry  Com r^rna^/,  efiq.  third  sou 
of  tlie  late  Ri^ht  Hoa.  T,  P  Courtenay.  to 
Laura,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  David  Sa- 
muda,  esq. 

Dec.  37.  At  Hoor.ishearpore,  James  Themp- 
9on,  esq.  58th  Renjjal  NJ.  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Jamrs  Thompaon,  esq.  ftforesdale  hall,  West- 
moreknd,  to   Maria,  second  dau.  ©f  Samuel 

Canloao,  esq.  late  of  Redruth,  Cornwall. 

At  Calcutta,  John  Vans  Affvevr^  son  of  the  late 
Lieut-CJol.  Patrick  Vans  A«fnew,C.B.  to  Finny, 
younjfest  dau.  of  the  late  Col,  K.  Boycott 
Jenkins, 

Jan.  3,  At  Bombay,  Robert  W.  Lodtcick^ 
esq.  Bombay  C.  Serv.  aon  of  Major-Gen.  Lodi- 
wick,  to  Eiiza-Freer,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Iste 
Charles  Henry  Clay,  esq.  of  Madras. 

5.  At  Bombay,  John  El  win  B^tkam^  es<|. 
son  of  the  late  Capt.  Johti  Betham.  IN.  to 
SibylU'Harriette,  second  dau,  of  Mr.  Edward 
Edwards,  of  Westerfleld  holL 

6.  At  Madras,  Edward  D'Arcy  EeezarJ^ 
esq.  son  of  (be  Bev.  Georire  EveKard,  8t.  Mary- 
leboDe,  to  Maria  Juliana,  dau.  of  the  late  Thos. 
Havilsnd  Burke,  esq.  and  g-rand-niece  of  the 
Rij^ht  Hon.  Edmund  Bnrke. 

7.  At  Gilde-^kaal,  province  of  Nordland, 
Norway,  Si>eiicer  ChurriHgion,  e»i|.  younjjest 
fiion  [if  the  late  Nicholas  CbarrJnj^ton,  eaq.  of 
Mile- End,  to  A lethe- Charlotte- E'auline,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  G.  Calmeyer,  provost 
of  H  am  m  erf  est. 

11.  At  Bedford,  the  Rev.  Charles  Wil- 
liam  Jonetf  M.A.  to  Barbara-Ruse,  youngest 
dau.  of  Robert  Weale,  esq.  one  of  the  In- 
spector* of  Poor  Laws.' — ^At  Wandsworth, 
John  MettK^  eso,  of  the  Terrace,  litackhe.dli, 
to  Ellen,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas  LansrlLin,  esq. 
of  Weat  Hill,  Wandsworth.  —  At  Worth, 
Sussex,  Edward  iH/fpcn,  esq.  of  Camden  Town, 
to  Louisa,  eldest    rlnu,   of    the    late    Francis 

Hornby,  esq. At  Surrey  Chapel,  the  Uev. 

Geori^e /{ti«e.  of  BeiTn^ndsey,  Surrey,  to  Maria- 
^lurray,  third  surviving  dan.  of  the  lafe  Pavid 

Smith,    esq,    of    Bolherhithe,    Surr*'y. At 

Slorrinjfton,  i^uH.ae-t,  the  Rev.  H.  VX.ltumiUun, 
to  Mary- Jane- Ellen,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Franeis  David  Mudd,  esq.  surgeon ,  Gedilinr, 
Suffolk. 

13.  At  Brenchley.  Kent,  Samuel  Sumner 
D^er,  esq.  of  Ringwood,  Hampshire,  to  Emma, 

eldest  dau.  of  Jonathan  MonckHjn,  esfj. At 

Welliflictoo,  Somerset,  llie  Rev.  Joseph  Wnlti*, 
Curate  of  Margate,  to  Albina,  third  dau.  of  Wil- 
tiam  Elworlby,  e«t|. 

13.  At  Plymouth,  James  Diittcan,  esq.  5Stli 
Re^t.  to  Fanny- Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 

Major  H.J,  Close,  Sth  Lancer*. At  St.  Peter's 

Eatoti  sq.  Dr.  .Marliu  L-  HirMchfdd^  to  ^lary, 
eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  Hawk^sworth,  of  Sloarip  ^t, 
—  —At  St.  James's  Piccadilly,  Peche  Hart  .'n^/,v, 
esq.  Conim.  R.N.  SE>n  of  the  late  Sir  IVri  ival 
Hart  Hyke,  Bart,  of  LuUin;;stone  Castle,  K-m, 
ti>  .Vonette-Aug^usTa.  yimni,a'!jt  dau.  of  X\\v  |;ii, 
Frederick  Richard  CotVe,  tsq.  of  l)evon'<hiri'^  vL 
—At  Allesley,  Warwicksh.  Chndes  W.  V^iude, 
esq.  H.A.  Braf*Vi;o*«ecoll.  Oxford,  and  uf  Norton 
had,  Glouc.  to  Helen,  dau. of  Jidm  KBtlifr,e§q. 

At  Ea'it  Teisomouth,  the  Rev.  Jaa.  Hunter 

Gandjf,  Vicar  of  Old  Cleave,  Som.  to  Marian- 
Jane,'ouly  tlau.oftbelite  Rev.  J.T,  Robinson, 
formerly  Rector  of  St.  Andrew's  Holborn. 

15.  At  St,  James's  Westbourne  torr.  Capt. 
Lovda  Symonds  'findat^  R.N.  eldest  Ron  of  the 
lateRiKlit  Hon.  ^ir  NicolosConyngbamTiudal, 
to  IJenrietla-Maria(Vl>one1  Whyte,  warU  nf  J 


426  Marriages. 

Bishop-CuIpeiJer,  esq.  Itte  Capt.  14th  Light 
Dragroons. 

17.  At  Clifton,  William  IlendertoH,  esq.  to 
Hester-Jane,  widow  of  John  Home,  esq.  late 
of  Madras,  Kast  Indies. 

18.  At  St.  John's  Paddinyton,  Thomas  Bar- 
rett-Lfnnard,  jun.  esq.  eldest  son  of  Thomas 
Barrett-Lennard,  esq.  and  grandson  of  Sir 
Thomas  Barrett-Lennard,  Bart,  to  Emma,  dau. 

of  the  Rev.  Sir  John  Page  Wood,  Bart. At 

Lincoln,  the  Rev.  Charles  Wina,  Rector  of 
Stounton,Notts,  to  Elizabeth-Sarali,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  William  Job  Charlton  Staun- 
ton, of  Staunton  hall,  Notts. At  Manchester, 

Francis  Jeffrey  Be//,  esq.  of  Calcutta,  son  of  the 
late  George  Joseph  Bell,  esq.  Professor  of  the 
Lawof  Scotland  in  the  Universityof  Edinburgh, 
to  Barbara-Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  William 

Dalrymnle  Shaw,  esq.  Calcutta. At  Claines, 

Oliver  Mason,  esq.  of  Rejf  inald's  Tower,  Great 
Malvern,  to  Emma-Susannah,  second  dau.  of 

the  late  John  Hyde,  esq.  of  Worcester. At 

Calcutta,  Thomas  Hardwicke  Cowie,  esq.  of 
the  Middio  Temple,  barrister-at-Iaw,  to  Mar- 
garet-lUiillie,  eldest  dau.  of  Duncan  Stewart, 
esq.  M.I).  Presidency  Surgeon. 

19.  At  Kidderminster,  Thomas  Aston  Wal- 
dron^  esq.  of  Bellbroughton  house.  Wore  to 
Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas  Bradley,  esq. 

At  Dublin,  the  Rev.  Adam  Boyd,  Vicar  of 

Ogonnilloe,  Clare,  to  Anna-Wilkinson,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Hornidge,  esq.  of  Cumber 

house.  King's  county. At  RiiM)ii,  the  Rev. 

John  Stedman,  B.A.  only  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Stedman,  of  Bath,  to  Charlotte,  eldest  dau.  of 
H.  Janson,  esq.  Ea.st  York  Militia. 

30.  At  Bathwick,  Robert -Bacon,  eldest  sou 
of  the  Rev.  Robert  Longer  Vicar  of  C<KldenhRm, 
and  Rural  Dean,  to  Caroline- Elizabeth,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  C.  J.  Orman,  Ptrp.  Curate 
of  Shouldham,  Norfolk. At  Gulval,  Corn- 
wall, the  Rev.  Thomas  Glynn  GrulU,  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Grylls,  ofCardynham, 
to  Henrietta,  dnu.  of  Charles  ('ampbcll,  esq. 

Canada. At  St.  John's  Oxford  sq.  the  Rev. 

Arthur  FuUcrton,  of  Thribergh  rectory,  York- 
shire, to  Augusta,  second  surviving  dau.  of  the 
late  Tliomas  Dixon,  esq.  of  Bedford-row,  soli- 
citor.  At  St.  John's  Netting  hill,  the  Rev. 

William  Holdsworth^  M.A.  Incumbent  of  Net- 
ting hill,  to  the  Hon.  Augusta- Matilda  Irby, 

sister  to  Lord  Hoston. At  Whittlesea,  the 

Rev.  William  Richard  HcuU,  Curate  of  Chisle- 
hurst,  Kent,  to  Helen-Medley,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  R.  II.  Sinclair,  Vicar  of  Cashel. 

At  Claines,  Worcester,  C^apt.  Charles  Henry 

Morse,  Bombay  Army, eldest  son  of  Lieut.-Gen. 
Morse,  of  Troston  hall,  Suffolk,  to  Mary- 
Martha,  younge.st  dau.  of  Major  ISaker,  Wor- 
cester.  At  St.George's  Hanover  sq.  William- 
James,  eldest  son  of  James  licadel,  esc}.  of 
Broomfield  lodge.  Essex,  to  Elizabeth-Apol- 
lonia,  dan.  of  J.  B.  Jarman,  esq.  of  Datchet. 

At  Walcot,  Bath,  the  Rev.  John  Acland 

James.  I'ellow  of  King's  coll.  Cambridge,  only 
son  of  the  late  Dr.  James,  Bishop  of  Calcutta, 
to  Clarissa-Catherine,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Baron 

1K»   llochepied  Larpent,    Bath. At  Wark, 

Richard  Bolton,  esq.  of  Castle  Ring,  iicmth,  to 
Mary-Sophia- >>ard,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Cornelius 
Marshall.  Rector  of  Faughart,  Ireland. 

21.  At  Tonbridge,  Arthur-Charles,  Hon  of  the 
Rev.  William  Hamtden,  Rector  of  Ashurst, 
Kent,  to  Frances-Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late 
John  Deacon,  esq.  of  Mableclon. 

23.  At  Leghorn,  Henry  Drummond  IfoZ/T, 
e»<|.  Attachi'  to  her  Majesty's  Legation  in  Tus- 
cany, only  Hon  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  and  l^dy  Geor- 
giaua  Wolff,  of  the  Boners,  Som.  to  Adeline, 
only  dau.  (tf  the  late  Walter  Sholto  Douglas, 

esq. At  All  Saintn'  St.  John's  wo(n1,  Charles 

Miller,  esq.  of  ( -roydon,  to  Cornelia- Elizabeth, 
second  dau.  of  William  Clialmers,  eKi.  M.D. 
late  H.E.I.C.S. 


[April, 


25.  At  Rettendoo,  the  Rer.  S.  W.  Wmtd^ 
Rector  of  Rettendon,  Essex,  to  Louisa,  eldest 
dau.  of  R.  J.  Meeson,  esq.  of  Bsttlesbridce. 

At  Hanxwell,  the  Rev.  Frederick  Williaa 

AfoNM,  second  son  of  Lient.-Col.  Mann,  late 
Royal  Staff  Corps,  of  De  Beaavoir,  Gaerasev, 
to  Eleanor-Mary,  second  d«n.  of  the  Rev.  U.J. 
l>attison.  Rector  of  Hauxwell. ^At  Chelten- 
ham, the  Rev.  George  Shaw  Aftmii,  of  Temple 
Laugheme,  Wore,  to  Mary-Anne,  widow  of  W. 

Conolly  Watson,  esq.  Bronsil,  Heref. At 

Eccles,  Arthur-Henry,  third  son  of  Sir  Ben- 
jamin Heyteood,  Bart,  of  Claremont,  to  Alice, 
eldest  dau.  of  William  Langton,  enq.  of  the 
Rookery,  near  Manchester. 

2<>.  At  St.  Peter's  Eaton  sq.  R.  B.  Pmimter, 
es(|.  M.D.  of  Pimlico,  to  Marianne,  eldest  dan. 
of  the  late  William  Warrington,  esq.  of  the 

Strand. At  St.  Pancras,  Dr.  David  Scott,  of 

Camden  sq.  to  Catherine,  sarvivingr  d^Q*  ^ 
Mr.  Alexander  Wylie,  Stanhope  terrace.  Re- 
gent's park. At  St.  James's,  New  Road,  the 

Rev.  Edward  Rogers  PitwuM,  of  Marlboreogh 
college,  to  Sophia,  thinl  dao.  of  William  Infe- 

low,  esq.  of  Comming  street. At  Myddeltoa 

lodge,  Yorkshire,  George  Maniey,  esq.  to  Char- 
lotte, dao.  of  Peter  Middelton,  esq.  or  Stockeld 
Sark,  and  Myddelton  todce. At  Dorkfnf, 
ohn-William,  son  of  Wilham  Roper,  esq.  of 
Bayham,  Frant,  Sussex,  to  Mary-Katbariae 
Clialdecott,  of  Cotmandene,  Dorking,  only  dan. 
of  the  late  J.  O.  Chaldecott,  esq.  of  Leytoo, 

Essex. At  Douglas,  isle  of  Man.  Cipt.  W.  H. 

fitone,  44th  Regt.  M.N.I,  to  Lncy-Bond,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Arscott,  K.N.  of  Chad- 
leigh. 

27.  At  Ongar,  Albert  Beetkam,  esq.  of  New 
Zealand,  elder  son  of  Albert  William  Ueetham, 
esq.  of  Grav's  inn,  and  of  Boldre,  Hants,  bar- 
rister-at -law,  F.R.S.,  to  Augusta -Bridget, 
younger  dau.  of  William  (Joe,  esq.  of  Ongar, 

Flssex. At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  (Hiaries 

Henry  ilotekkvf,  esq.of  Clevedon  faoase,  Devon, 
to  Gertrude- Elizabeth,  widow  of  Thomas  Ores* 
ham,  esq.  late  of  Cheltenham,  and  of  Bamby 

Dun,  Yorkshire. At  Dublin,  John-Howud, 

youngest  son  of  the  late  John  Howard  A'fn, 
esq.  of  Bailymurtagh,  co.  Wick  low,  to  MTarv- 
Frances,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Cant- 
well,  esii. At  Monkstown,  co.  Cork,  Lncios 

Henry  Spooner^  esq.  second  son  of  the  Yen. 
Archdeacon  Spooner,  to  Margaret-Skottowe, 
second  dau.  of  R.  N.  Parker,  esq.  Passage  West, 
CO.  of  Cork. At  Bclmaduthv  house,  Rosa- 
shire,  Major  James  Wardlate,  third  son  of  the 
late  Lieut.-Gen.  and  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Wardlaw, 
to  Jane,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Colin  Mac- 
kenzie.   Bart,  of  Kilcoy -At   Halilbx, 

Henry,  second  son  of  W.  BeHe§,  esq.  M.P.  of 
Spring  Mount,  Blackburn,  to  Mary-Jane,  eldest 
dau.  of  G.  Whiteley,  esq.  of  Mayfleld  honse. 

Halifax. At   Stoke    Damerel,    Devonport. 

Alexander  Meadows  Hendel,  esq.  C.K.  eldest 
son  of  James  Meadows  Rendel,  esq.  C  R.  to 
Eliza,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  William 

Hobs<m,  R.N.  Governor  of  New  Zealand. 

At  Plymouth,  the  Rev.  F.dward  O.  limmt,  M.A. 
Curate  of  Churston  Ferrers,  to  Elisabeth,  only 
dau.  of  Herbert  J.  11.  Jones,  esq.  Cbmm.  R.N. 

At  I^wes,  Joseph  J?rar/,  esq.  of  Mancbca- 

ter,  to  Cordelia,  youngest  dau.  of  George  MoH- 

neux,  esq.  of  Lewes. At  Benson,  Oxftirdsh. 

N.C.  CorsellU.  esq.  to  Mary-Stevens,  yon ngest 
sister  of  the  late  Thomas  PoweU,  esq— —At 
VJ\  .^'ye^lty'"  l-^^ffation.  Washington,  William 
Wtbb  hollett  Synpe,  esq.  Attacb4<^ to  the  Ijeca- 
tion,  to  Henrietta- Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  Ibe 
late  Col.  Wainwright,  of  the  N.S.  Marine  Come. 
28.  At  FMinbunrh.theRev.R.H./WwviMEu 
of  St.  George's,  Edinburgh,  to  Frances,  second 
dau  ;  and  at  the  same  time,  William  James 
Paton,  C8<|.  of  Liverpool,  youngest  aon  of  the 
late  James  Paton,  esq.  or  CrailDif,  Roxbwfli- 


1853.] 


Mafi^iages. 


427 


I 


I 


iliire.  to  H&rriet,  tbird  dau,  of  the  Ute  Robert 
CadelU  esq.  of  Ratbo, 

29-  At  St.  George's  Hanover  an.  D^Montff, 
third  son  of  Ibe  Ute  (jeorjrf  ArbulAnott  esq.  of 
Elderslie,  Surrey,  to  Esther-Jane,  youngest 
dau.  of  tbe  late  Rev.iSir  WillxAm  Murray,  IJarl. 
of  Hillhrr^fl  unfl  Clnrcmr^nt,  N.fl. 

31.    At  ■  lillv.    Frederick 

G«)nrc  tone,  Hurrey, 

to  Fran  ,  vouo^eit  dau. 

of  the  Ke\  NVinjflm  HirKrv,  Itector  of  Mul- 
ran  kin,  Ireland. 

Lateljf.  At  St.  George's  fitoomiiburY,  the 
Viscuuut  MatdeHt  to  Emtna,  youn^e^it  dm.  of 
the  late  and  slater  of  ihi;  present  Sir  Henry 
Meux,  Burt,  MP,  ofTlieobaltrs  park,  Herts. 
James  J.  Lontdalff^  vtm\.  Recorder  of  Folke- 
stone, to  JessJca-Mntilda^  dau.  of  the  late 
Samuel  James  Arnold,  esii.  atjd  widow  of  the 
late  Dr.  Herl»ert  Mayo,  FRH. 

Feh.  1.  At  Mansfield.  .Vottinjcliamshire,  John 
^i'icholjfon,  esq.  Lieut.  77tlt  Regt.  of  F<>ot,  second 
son  of  the  luite  John  Xidiolson,  es(|-  fif  BrJgff. 
IJnrolnshire,  to  HaDhAh-Qttheriiie,  dnu.  of 
Charles  Lindlev,  esq.  of  VVestfield  bouse.  Mam- 

field. At  West  Drayton,  Middlesex,  the  Rev. 

John  Lti^der  JSTay,  M.A,  third  son  of  the  late 
William  Kay,  esn,  of  Grove  bouse,  tie&r  Liver- 
pr»ol.  to  Anne,  clJeM  dRU.  of  Henry  Lamb,  esq. 
of  Salisbury  su.  London.- — -At  St.  Martin's- 
in-tlie-riddsi,  the  Kev.  John  Dfvmant  M.A. 
lacumbt^nt  of  Knottini^ley,  Yorkiihiret  to  Anna, 
dati.  of  Charles  Woodcock,  esq.  of  Coventry. 

At  Kxeter,  Lindsay  Bovirink  l*«^ ford,  esq. 

of  Lincoln'S'inn,  barriater-at-law,  to  !?usau- 
Parr-Sartif  third  dau.  of  the  late  William  [*arr 

Pope,  i'in\  of  Kxptpr At  Soatham*  the  Rev. 

Willinin    '■'  Carate  of  Biekfuhill.  to 

Cat  her:  I  :  Itird  dau.  ot  T  VV .  ( ndham, 

eaq.^ —  .  .lu,  W.  i/wni/j/rr/'v*^  ewi.  of 

Garth  haji,  tij;nn.  tn  Elizabeth-Jane,  only  dAU- 
of  tlic  late  George  VVilliatt^s.  ei.q.  of  Hendre^ 
denny. 

2.  At  Ly-ndhurst,  tlie  Key.  Paulet  Mildmay 
Vompfott,  Rector  of  Mapperton,  Dorsetshire^ 
ion  of  H.  C.  Compton,  esq.  M.P.  for  SotJtb 
HantSf  to  Mary-Catherine,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Henry  Wcyland  Powell,  esq.  of  Vo%- 
lease  park,  Hants. 

5.  At  St.  Pancrjs,  the  Rev.  Robert  H. 
Afhcrfon,  B.  A.  Incumbent  of  Ivybrid^e,  Devon, 
to  Cliar)rrttr-M,Try,  dau  of  the  late  Jacob  Wm. 
Robins  '  I'Ki  place,  Knston  sriuare, 

8.     A!  iloratto   Nelson   DicfcsoN, 

e*j.  of  h  vrt  Scotia,  to  Kmma-Jane, 

ynimpfe*r  liu,  .f  Lieut.  John  Wise,  R.N.  of 
H.M.  Dockyard,  Chatham. 

10.    At    <t.   MnrvN,    !Vrotr,ptnij.   Copt.    H. 

Ih  ro 

otUie  I  V  Light 

Infantr  ,iy  nth 

Karnii     '  Vviuh. 

n 


Da VI-,    L-q. 
Wm.  H.  nm> 
eldest  dau.  or  i 
house,  near  V\«nijii 
IL     At  Nantewiii 
Evan  Evan4f  Rt^ctuj 


W  i  r  111  i  11^1  L'l, 
to  Klixabetb, 
of  lioreham 

i<tre»  the  Rev, 

1.',  to  the  only 

dan,  of  E,  Hvans,  e*ij.  uf  lluv<jd,  Xantewnlle. 

12.  At  St.  James's  Church,  Hydi^  Park  *;ar- 

dens»  J.  K.  Jordan,  esq.  jtrrsndj^ou  of  the  late 

Hon.  Jacob  JL>rdaii,  to  Anne-Maria,  d&u.  of 

the  late  A.  J  Guitard,esq, At  i?t,  Dunaton'a, 

Stepney,  Richard- Isaac,  fourth  son  «»f  tSnmael 
StroHff.  esq.  of  WDkioiTf  Surrey,  to  KUxabelh' 
Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  George  Wella,  solici- 
tOTi  of  Commercial  road  Baat. 


1 4.  At  PftdilinRton,  Will  jam  Jolin  MntCarthif, 
esq.  to  Eliiabetn-Geraldine,  widow  of  Edward 
Vertioti  Scbalcb,  esq.  of  the  Hon.  liast  India 

Company*^  Civil  Service, At  Limerick,  John 

Jervi-s  /  1   tAjmm.  R,N.  eldest  son  of 

llie  Ijit  iiiimd  I'Evlmer,  R.N..  C.B., 

tollei.j  ijld,yuuny:e;jt  dau.  of  James 

Bannatv?  •",  c-u 

15,  At  St.  MArtin's-in-tbe- Fields,  William 
Tomtinei  can.  late  Captain  in  Ibe  lOlh  Hussars, 
(K-randaon  of  the  late  Ui<shopof  \\  iuchester),  to 
the  Hon.  Fanny  Ga^r-.  younifest  dau.  of  Vis- 
count Gagje. AC  South  ^\ilham,  the  Rev* 

R»lph  William  Lionel  TyWewm Ac,  eldest  i*onof 
the  Hon,  and  Rev.  Hug;h  Francis  Tollemache, 
to  his  con^in  Caroline,  only  dau.  of  the  late 
lion.  Felix  Thomas  Tolleiijache.  ofTong'aTifood» 

Kt'tU,  and  niece  of  the  Earl  of  DesarL At 

WdesleiKht  Cholmeley  MorrU,  esf|.  <iecondsoD 
of  tile  late  W.C.  Morm,  esq.  of  Fii»hlet^h^  to 
Ciiroline  second  dau.  of  Hu^h  Mallet,  esq.  of 

Ash, At  Norwich,  John  L.  Cufand^y  esq.  of 

Great  Yarmouth,  to  Marianne,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  Thomas  Clarke,  esu.  of  Acle,  Norfolk. 

At  Compton,  William- Way,  eldest  son  of 

John  Hione,  ea<|.  the  Prebendal,  Tbamei  Oxon. 
to  Kdiili-Lucy,  lourth  and  yonuffest  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  William  Fletcher,  Vicar  of  Har- 
well, and  domestic  chaplain  to  his  Grace  the 

Duke   0/   Buckinerham    and   Chandos. At 

Christ  Clnifch,  Marylebonc,  Waller  Jnutice, 
etiq,  of  Bernard  ^t.  Rusiiell  ^q.  to  Eliza,  eldest 
dan,  of  the  (ato  Ch^rles  Clarke,  esq.  of  LiO' 

coln'«-inn-ftelds,  and  St-  John*s-woo<L At 

Llanelly,  the  Rev-  John  Ravmond^  B.A.  of 
DuwlaJM,  Gloucestershire,  to  Miss  Meyler,  of 
Milford. 

10.  At  Norwood,,  John  Calver  Brook,  eso.  of 
Diss,  Norfolk,  to  Sehna,  only  dau.  of  the  late 

J.  E- Turnley,,  esq.  of  Brixton. At  Graves- 

end,  H,-Jantea-Hurgess,  son  of  Lieut.  L.  B. 
Ihivnl  (late  of  the  MRdraa  Army),  to  M«i7- 
Anct,  second  dau.  of  WUUanri  Robert  West,  eaq. 

late  of  the   Bank  of  Enfrland, ^At   Uptan 

Bishop,  Herefordshire,  James  Edward  Nortit, 
of  West  house,  Halifax,  esq.  to  Sarah-Anne, 
only  child  of  John  Ormcrod,  of  Gaytou  hall, 
Herefordshire,  esq. 

n.  At  Chsppentaam.  Jtdin* Richard,  eldest 
son  of  John  RmenhUtt  eaq.  of  Ashton  hou^e. 
near  Hevtesbury,  to  Fanny,  only  dau.  of 
Thotnas  Pike  Pocock,  esq,  of  Pew  hill  hou»e. 

Chippenham. At  St.  ThomaJt*B,   Stamford 

Hill,  the  Rev*  Henry  H,  MtethHen,  to  Frances, 
widow  of  the  Rrv.   Hf'nry  Wyndham  Joncs^ 

1.1  I  imurg^aushire. At 

I  ;  >JM,  esq-  to  Hester* 

J.r  ,es<i,tateof  Madrat» 

- — ^At  lunii'}  <  lujnbj  Marylebone.  William- 
Hammond,  only  snn  of  J.  Reynolds  .So/Zw,  esq. 
ofSeriyre  Hif!,  Ikrtfordsbiw,  and  Manchester 
aq.  to  <  itKabeth.  eldest  surviving 

dau.  m  '  ral  Sir  Henry  Galdfiocb| 

K.r  15.  mpolest. ^At  Hacktief, 

j.  second  son  of  the  late 
so.  of  WaHhamstow,  to 
third  dau,  of  the  late  Geo, 
of  Tritiily  lane,  Upper 
ury,  WiU 


I 


-.\l  Shre^^sbur  . 
of  Bi>mbay,  to  Certrode- 
Mnnniinc,   yuuuifor  dau.  <^f  the  tate  Thomas 

Dulward,  esq.   M.D.  of   Shrewsbury. At 

Barking,  Essex.  Henry  BriMcae^  esq.  M.D, 
Roval  Artillery,  to  Frauces-Anne.  only  dau.  of 
the  late  liev.  William  Mauley,  of  St.  Peter's, 
Duijlin. 

19.   At  St.  John's,  Faru worth,  Lancashire, 
the  Rev.  Jo^iah  DownintJt  B.A.  to  Sarah,  dau. 

of  Mr.  John  Cain,  Ule  of  Man. At  CJiraber- 

weil,  Surrey,  Robert  /Joy,  esq.  of  Westerham, 
Kent,  to  Mary,  ouly  dau.  of  Thomas  Walton* 
esq.  of  Albany  liouaei  Old  Kent  Road,  Surrey, 


428 


OBITUARY. 


Tme  Earl  of  Brlfakt, 

F^it.  11.  At  Naples,  in  his  26th  year, 
the  Right  Hoik  Frederick  Richard  Chi- 
Chester,  Eiirl  of  Belfast,  sou  »iid  heir  appa- 
rent of  the  Marquess  of  Donegall. 

He  wfts  born  on  the  25th  Nov.  1827» 
and  his  mother  (nrho  b  living)  was  Lady 
Harriet  Auiie  Butler,  eldest  dd lighter  of 
Richard  first  Eurl  of  Glengall.  His  early 
education  ho  received  nt  Eton.  Fraui 
boyhood  he  evinced  a  taste  and  passion 
for  llterstLire  and  art,  with  the  tttlentis  and 
auplicAtion  which  lead  to  einhience  io  both. 
He  was  an  aj-dent  and  succez^isful  cultivator 
of  music,  and  at  once  a  performer  and  a 
composer*  The  proceeds  arbiiig  from  biii 
earliest  musical  com  positions  were  devoted 
to  the  relief  nf  the  famine  of  1846*7.  He 
was  President  of  the  Classical  Harmonists' 
Society  estahlished  last  year  in  Belfast, 
and  took  a  pnrt  in  the  opening  concert. 
He  also  delivered  u  masteriy  and  eloquent 
addreaa  at  the  conversazione  of  the  School 
of  Design. 

He  was  the  an  Hi  or  of  a  novel  entitled 
**  The  Two  Genernlions  ;  *'  aud  of  a  aliort 
tale  called  '*  Wanderings  of  a  Spirit,'* 
pwhlbsbfid  iti  the  NortJiern  Maga/lne.  To 
the  number  of  that  periodical  for  February 
185^  he  contributed,  under  the  siguature 
of  Campana,  an  artiele  headed  *'  Twelfth- 
day  at  Cannes,"  written  iu  a  strain  of 
lively  reminiscence  and  graceful  Bcntimciit. 
"  Alas  \  (he  remarked  in  llie  course  of 
tlmt  |m[]er)  my  chain  nf  New  Year's  Days 
jH  much  ini[mired.  Twice  has  suffering 
linked  me  to  my  bed,  and  prevented  me 
from  welcoming  tlie  uew-born  witli  aught 

hut  a  sigh  of  pain It  is  Twelfth 

Day,  and  I  am  happy.  I  am  recovering 
from  iliness  and  enjoy  the  nupreme  felicity 
of  rcturaiiig  health/'  These  grateful  an- 
ticipations were  to  be  dbuppointed ;  and 
that  generous  young  heart,  which  throbbei 
with  the  highest  and  the  nobk«t  impuUeSj 
li  now  for  ever  stilled. 

The  Earl  of  Belfast's  recent  literary 
efforts  had  been  dedicated  to  the  bene- 
volent object  of  cultivating  a  taste  for  in- 
tellectual pursuits  and  pleasures  amongst 
the  working  classes.  With  this  view  he 
brought  forward  a  sehemef  shortly  before 
his  departure  for  Italy,  for  tlie  establish* 
jnent  of  an  Athenceum  iu  Belfast,  which 
should  comprehend  within  its  walls  a  gal- 
lery of  paiuttnga  and  sculpture,  and  rooms 
for  lectures  and  reading.  To  the  Working 
Men's  Assoctation  already  eSkiatiDg  in  the 
town  he  delivered  last  winter  a  series  of 
Lectures  on  the  Poets  and  Poetry  of  the 
NmeUeoth  Century ,  since  collected  in  a 


volume,  the  merit  of  whiidi  would  liMe 
been  acknowledged  had  their  autbor  moved 
ill  a  far  humbler  sphere.  He  was  prf- 
paring  another  course  on  the  Literature 
of  America^  and  had  resolved  to  offer  to 
the  Association  a  premium  for  the  best 
essay  written  by  a  working  man. 

His  health  hiul  been  for  some  years 
declining  \  and  was  still  further  ahaltcred 
by  an  accident  which  befel  him  at  Nice  in 
December  last.  From  Nice  he  proceeded 
to  Genoa^  which  he  left  on  the  IQtb  of 
January,  and  after  spending  some  days  at 
Cannes  he  readied  Naples  ;  where  be  vriy 
kiodly  hut  imprudently  joined  in  some 
private  thcatriciils  intended  at  Mr.  A.  Cra- 
ven's, and  at  a  rehearsal  caught  a  cold, 
which  MFter  two  days  terminated  fatally. 

The  Earl  of  Belfjrstwas  unmarried,  and 
his  father  the  Marquess  having  no  other 
sons  the  present  heir  presumptive  to  the 
peerage  is  his  brother,  the  Very  Rev.  Lord 
Edward  Chichester,  Dean  of  Raphoe. 


Dr.  Kayu,  Lord  Bishop  of  Likcolk. 

Feb.  19.  Aged  70,  the  Ri^ht  Rev,  John 
Kaye,  D.D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  Clvan* 
ccUur  of  the  province  of  Canterbury,  Visi- 
tor of  Balliol  college,  Oxford,  and  F.R.S, 

Dr.  Kaye  was  born  at  Hammensmitli 
near  London,  where  his  father,  Mr.  Abni* 
ham  Kaye,  was  a  linendrapcr  lo  Anc;el.ro«* 
He  received  his  early  educati'i  '  uc 
celebrated  Greek  scholar  Dr.  K  i  - 

ney,  at  Hammersmith,  and  alls Ijc- 

came  a  member  of  Christ's  coUe:);e,  Cain- 
bridge.  In  IBOl  he  took  his  W.h,  dr|^rer, 
and  obtaiDed  the  highetiit  distinctiun«i  both 
10  dassies  and  mathematics  which  the  Uni- 
versity can  bestow.  The  only  other  ioiitatioe 
on  record  in  which  the  same  person  haa 
won  the  double  honour  of  senior  wrangler 
and  senior  nu  da Uiat  is  thai  of  tba  pm«nt 
Baron  Ahlerson. 

>Jr.  Kaye  wa«  tutor  to  the  late  Mnrquc** 
of  Bute.  In  1814  he  was  elected  Master 
of  CbristV,  colle;'e,  whereupon  he  pro* 
ceeded  to  the  degree  of  B.L>.,  and  in  1815 
he  was  created  D.U.  by  royal  mandate. 
In  the  same  year  he  served  the  o0iee  of 
Vice-chancellor.  In  l8iG,  on  the  death 
of  Dr.  Watson,  Bishop  of  Llaodttfr,  he 
succeeded  bim  as  Regius  Professor  of 
Divinity.  It  was  in  this  last  important 
position  that  he  delivered  his  lectores  on 
ecclesiastical  history,  as  illustrated  by  the 
writings  of  Tertulliau  and  Jm»tin  Martyr  ; 
lectures  which  were  subsequently  pub- 
lished, and  which  form  a  valuable  portion 
of  theological  literature.  The  other  duites 
of  his  arduous  office  he  discharged  with 


1H53,3        Obituary. — Dr*  Kttyey  Lord  Bhhop  of  Lincoln.  429 


ec|uiil  ability  and  Bucceas.    H  is  commence- 

me  lit  8|ieechce  at  the  creatiim  of  Doctors 

of  DiviiuLy  were  always  on  topics  of  great 

L interest,  and  expressed  in  the  purest  taste 

[«nd  in  tbii  most  elegant  Latinity  ;  one  of 

tlietn  wa*  on  tbo  subject  whicU  now  en» 

gages  public  attention — the   question   of 

lJntvtT!»ity  reform.     In  18'i0  Lord  Liver- 

f  pool  selected  him  at  nil  uraisually  early 

[  »ge  for  the  bishopric  of  Bristol ,  vacant  by 

jthc  death  of  Dr.  Man*iell,  Master  of  Tn- 

l^fiity.     In   18*27  he  was  advanced  to   the 

I  of  Lincoln*     He  resigocd  the  tnasfer- 

►  of  his  college  in  1830,  when  he  was 

ocoecded   by  Dr,  Graham,  the   present 

pBiahop  of  Chester,     In  the  Regius  Pro- 

[ibasorBhip  of  Divinity  he  was  succeeded 

Jby  Dr.  Turton,  the  present  Bishop  of  Ely. 

On   leaving   hia   college  Dr.  Knye  rc- 

|>ceived  from  the  oew  Master  and  Fellows 

FAgilver  candelabrum^  bearing  the  following 

finscription  : 

JOANNI  .  TVATE  ►  S.T.P. 

I'ncsnlL  Lincolnicnsi . 

Cdlogii .  ClirbitJ .  qaod  .  per .  flunos .  trigintft 

Alumnms .  Socios  ^  Magut«r 

rirtuto .  »ua .  nc .  doctriaa .  tl1nstTiiveri.t 

magiitratuffl .  deponenti 

oUscrvantiJB  ,  orgo .  «c .  unoda 

CoUegll .  ChriiU .  SocU 

A.D.  HDCCCXXX. 

Dr.  Kaye*fi  attention  was  now  devoted 
l^to   tbe  care  and  superintendence  of  his 
'^arge  diocese  ;  yet,  in  the  midst  of  his  la- 
ours,  he  found  lime  to  publish  not  only 
nnny  admireble  sermons,  many  important 
tcharge^,  treating  of  all  tbeological  c[ueg- 
•Itonij  which  succe^aively  agitated  the  public 
Liiiindf  but  ali^o  works  on  a  larger  scale  and 
I  of   more   enduring   interest,  such   as  his 
"  Account  of  the  Writings  and  Opinions 
of  Clement  of  Alexandria.^'     To  many 
treatises  he  never  attached  bis  nnnve.  Two 
of  these  are  well  known, — his  *'  Remarks 
on    Dr.    WifiCfiian's    Lectures,*'    and   liis 
**  Reply  to  the  Travels  of  an  Irisb  Gentle- 
man."    These  smaller  tracts  are  replete 
witli  learning,  marked  througbouc  by  acute 
Ifeasoning  ond  sound  interpretation,  aod 
enlivened  by  a  vein  of  most  delicate  plea* 
santry,  wluch  exposes  the  errors  and  incon- 
sistencicB  of  his  opponents  without  ever 
deviating  from  the  courtesy  of  true  Clrris- 
tian  controversy.     Hie  last  volume,  a  por- 
tion of  which  is  actually  in  tbe  press,  is 
on  **  The  Council  of  Nidea,  iu  connection 
with  the  Life  of  Athanasius." 

All  these  work*  are  of  value  to  the  in- 
quirer after  truth,  not  only  on  account  of 
their  calm  tone  and  |ierfect  fairness,  but  of 
the  nice  precision  and  accuracy  with  which 
all  the  real  questions  at  i«sue  riri^  touched. 
However  intricate  might  he  the  subject, 
he  seized  at  oocc,  as  with  intuitive  per- 
ception, the  eiact  point  on  which  the  con- 


troversy turned.  The  results  of  hia  kuotv- 
ledgCt  the  conclusions  of  bis  we  Unbalanced 
mind,  were  always  accessible.  They  were 
communicated  too  with  the  utuiost  bim- 
plicity.  In  public  and  in  private  alike 
there  was  not  the  slightest  tinge  of  exag- 
geration in  his  languuge ;  it  was  all  na- 
tural and  nnasstiming. 

But  the  excellence  of  Bii^hop  Kaye  must 
not  be  estimated  by  hb  intellectufl!  attain-^ 
mcnts,  hokvever  rare  and  remarkable  in 
tlieir  character  and  combination.  His 
friends  dwell  on  the  higher  worth  of  hi$ 
moral  qualities.  They  recall  his  piety»  his 
mild  virtues,  bin  gentle  manners,  his  meek 
and  humble  deportraenti,  and  that  ^*  plea- 
santness of  di'^position'^  which  the  pioua 
Herbert  so  justly  deemed  a  great  means  of 
doing  good.  Tlxese  qualities  were  equally 
appreciated  by  tbe  high  and  the  low.  While 
the  moat  polished  found  delight  in  the  un- 
alTected  grace  and  charm  of  his  conversa- 
tion, the  poorest  and  most  obscure  who 
applied  to  him  for  aid  or  advice  felt  at 
once  that  they  were  in  tbe  presence  of  a 
truly  good  man, — one  no  lesii  prompt  to 
relieve  than  patient  to  listen  to  their 
humble  tale  of  trouble  or  distress.  His 
eoutribulious  to  various  charities  were  al- 
ways liberal — often  munificent ;  but  those 
which  have  met  the  public  eye  form  but  a 
very  small  portion  of  that  onceasiog  stream 
of  quiet  benevolence  which  flowed  on  in 
silence,  known  to  few  or  none  but  the  re- 
ceivers. One  of  hifi  latest  acts  was  to  build 
at  his  sole  expense  the  beautiful  church  of 
Rise  holm  c.  It  waij  at  the  consecration  of 
this  cburchf  »t  which  Dr.  Jenkins  tbe 
Mapiter  of  IJalliol  was  present,  that  the 
Dltihop  alluded,  in  the  most  feelingmid  grate- 
ful terms*  to  tbebigb  compliment  which  had 
been  paid  to  him  by  one  of  tbe  most  distin- 
guished colleges  in  the  Up  iver  si  ty  of  OJtford. 
The  Master  and  Fellusvs  of  Bjilliol  enjoy 
the  singular  privilege  of  electing  their  own 
Visitor;  and  in  1848,  on  the  death  of  the 
late  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  who  had 
held  that  honourable  post,  they  sought  for 
hia  successor  in  the  sister  University  of 
Cambridge,  and  elected  the  Bishop  of 
Lincoln.  lo  the  distribution  of  bis  pa- 
tronage,  tf  be  had  any  fault,  tt  is  a  fault 
wliich  many  in  these  days  will  willingly 
forgive,  but  which,  it  is  hoped,  the  friends 
of  tlic  departed  prelate  will  not  willingly 
forget, ^that,  in  his  impartial  and  disin- 
terested anxiety  to  reward  what  he  be- 
lieved to  be  the  merits  of  others,  he  omit- 
ted the  opportunity  of  rewarding  an  ex- 
emplary minister  whom  bo  motfit  deeply 
loved,  aud  to  whose  claims  there  was  but 
one  objectioa — that  bo  was  his  own  son. 

Dr.  Kftye  tDarried  in  \%\b  Eliza,  eldest 
daughter  of  John  Mortlock,  esq.  of  Abing- 
ton  Hali,  Cftmbrtdgeabire. 


430 


Obituary.— Dr.  Kaye^  Lord  Bishop  eflMColn.       [April, 


In  1833  he  presented  to  the  Master  and 
Fellows  of  Christ's  college  his  portrait, 
painted  by  R.  Rothwell,  R.H.A.  and  it 
was  placed  in  their  Combination-room. 

The  funeral  of  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln 
took  place  on  the  1  st  of  March,  when  his 
body  was  interred  in  the  burial-ground 
attached  to  the  new  church  at  Riseholme. 
The  service  was  read  by  his  intimate  friend 
Dr.  Jereraie,  and  around  the  grave  were 
gathered,  according  to  the  custom  of  olden 
times,  all  the  members  of  his  afflicted 
family  and  household,  his  wife,  his  daugh- 
ters, his  son,  his  sons-in-law  and  brothers- 
in-law,  his  chaplain  and  secretaries,  his 
tenants  and  neighbours,  and  liis  oldest 
friends,  Dr.  Ainslie,  Master  of  Pembroke 
college,  and  others,  who  had  come  from  a 
distance  to  pay  the  last  mark  of  respect 
to  his  memory. 

From  a  statement  which  has  been  pub- 
lished by  his  secretary,  Mr.  Smith,  we  give 
the  following  particulars : 

"A  very  brief  review  of  the  reforma- 
tions effected  in  this  diocese  during  the 
last  twenty-six  years  will,  I  trust,  suffice 
to  remove  the  erroneous  and  unjust  im- 
pressions which  articles  in  the  Morning 
Chronicle  are  calculated  to  create  in  the 
minds  of  the  uninformed.  On  the  Bishop's 
accession  to  this  diocese,  in  the  year  1827, 
he  certainly  found  it  not  in  a  satisfactory 
condition  as  to  residence,  pluralities,  the 
state  of  the  curacirs,  and  discipline  gene- 
rally, but,  in  fact,  a  model  at  that  time 
with  other  dioceses  of  the  old  school. 
Under  his  supervision  and  gradual  though 
unceasing  activity  during  that  period,  and 
without  offence  or  great  hardship  to  any 
of  his  clergy,  non. residence,  both  of  in- 
cumbents and  curates,  has  been  diminished 
at  least  two-thirds,  as  the  annual  returns 
to  the  Privy  Council  this  year,  as  compared 
With  the  year  1826,  will  clearly  show  ;  to 
promote  which  desirable  object  214  par- 
sonage-houses have  by  his  direction  been 
built,  rebuilt,  or  made  fit  for  residence 
under  the  provisions  of  Gilbert's  Act. 
Plurality  of  benefices  has  been  prevented 
to  a  great  extent,  and  confined  to  nearly 
contiguous  parishes  of  small  population  ; 
doublo  services  in  churches  have  been  or- 
dered and  enforced  where  the  ])opulation 
has  amounted  to  200  persons,  and  a  con- 
gregation been  found  willing  to  attend 
both;  and  the  holding  of  curacies  has  been 
confined  chicHy  to  single,  and  never  ex- 
tended to  more  than  two  adjacent  small 
parishes,  where  the  curate's  residence  has 
been  so  fixed  as  to  enable  him  to  discharge 
the  duties  of  both  satisfactorily,  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  old  system  of  four  or  five 
curacies  being  held  by  one  fast-riding 
curate. 

"Bishop  Kaye  has  alio  reformed  the 


great  evil  of  holding  oonfiimatioiw  in  the 
distant  large  towns  only,  and,  regmrdleu 
of  his  own  personal  conTenience  and  oost* 
greatly  and  abundantly  inoreaaed  the  places 
of  confirmation  in  the  sereral  Tillagee  of 
his  diocese,  at  a  distance  of  not  more  than 
seven  or  eight  miles  apart,  so  that  the  per- 
formance of  that  sacred  rite  haa  heea 
brought  home  to  the  doors,  as  it  were,  of 
the  children  of  the  present  generation; 
thus  rendering  it  a  most  solemn  and  im- 
pressive rite,  and  suppressing  the  eTils 
with  which  it  was  frequently  accompanied 
previously  to  his  accession  to  this  diocese, 
in  consequence  of  the  great  crowds  of  chil- 
dren which  used  to  be  assembled  from  a 
great  distance  in  the  market  towns. 

*'  Bishop  Kaye  has  also  been  the  inatru- 
ment  of  reducing  this  heretofore  eztensiTe 
diocese,  consisting  of  six  counties,  now 
into  two  counties,  and  bringing  himself 
and  future  bishops  into  residence  doae  to 
Lincoln,  in  the  very  centre  of  the  diocese. 

"  He  also  reviTed  the  useful  but  almost 
obsolete  system  of  rural  deans,  there  being 
now  a  body  of  forty-one  rural  deana  ap- 
pointed by  him  to  make  frequent  visita- 
tions and  report  to  him  the  state  of  the 
churches,  parsonage-houses,  and  parishes, 
and  conduct  of  the  clergy  in  their  reapec- 
tive  deaneries,  to  any  defect  or  complaint 
in  which  his  own  attentbn  and  directions 
were  immediately  applied.  With  reaped 
also  to  the  better  preparation  of  candidiates 
for  holy  orders.  Bishop  Kaye  was  the  first 
who  insisted  on  the  passing  the  voluntary 
theological  examination  at  Cambrid^  bj 
candidates  of  that  university,  in  addition  to 
the  examination  by  himself  and  his  chaplain 
at  the  time  of  ordination.  Many  of  his  bre- 
thren  have  since  followed  his  example  in 
all  the  above-mentioned  regulations,  and 
adopted  his  plans.  I  need  not  advert  to 
his  indefatigable  exertions  in  the  formation 
of  schools,  and  in  the  cause  of  the  educa- 
tion of  the  rising  generation,  nor  to  the 
regularity,  activity,  and  ability  with  which 
his  visitations  were  conducted,  and  the 
force,  learning,  and  usefulness  of  his  ad- 
mirable charges  upon  those  trying  and 
fatiguing  occasions,  for  they  are  universally 
known  to,  and  appreciated  by,  the  laitv  aa 
well  as  the  clergy  of  this  diocese.  With 
respect  to  the  building  of  new  churches, 
the  villages  in  this  agricultural  county  are, 
generally  speaking,  so  small,  and  the  pa- 
rishes and  parish  churches  so  numerous 
and  near  to  each  other,  that  very  little  ne- 
cessity has  existed  for  increasing  the  num- 
ber of  them,  excepting  in  some  particular 
cases  to  which  Bishop  Kaye's  attention  and 
assistance  were  most  actively  and  munifi- 
cently afforded.  I  will  only  add,  in  con- 
clusion, that  his  conciliatory,  pastoral,  and 
at  the  same  time,  firm  admonitioni  to  hU 


1853.]         Obituary. — Dr.  Broughton,  Bishop  of  Sydney, 


481 


I 


c^rgy,  particularly  the  young  and  incjcpe- 
neneed  part  of  them,  have  entirely  sup' 
presHed  aU  unseetnly  dLisenBionsthruugh- 
out  this  diocese,  which  unhappily  in  oLhers 
have  cau«ed  iuch  melaDcholy  lesuUs  to 
the  Estiiblished  Church/' 

Dr.  Broughton»  Btsuop  ov  Sydney. 
Fe&,2(i,  In  Cheater  Street,  Bel|crave 
Square,  at  the  house  of  Lady  Gippg,  (relict 
of  Sir  George  Gipps,  late  Governor  of  New 
South  Wales,)  the  Most  Reverend  William 
Grant  Broiaghton,  D.D.  Bishop  of  Sydney, 
and  Metropolitan  of  Anstralaeia. 

He  was   bom  in  Bndge  Street,  West- 
minster, on  22d  May,  11 28,  and  baptized 
at  St.  Margaret's  Church  in  the  June  fol* 
lowing,  the  sponsor!  being  his  grandfathers 
and  the  Countesi  of  Strathmore.     Hewss 
the  eldeat  son  of  Grant  Broughton,  esq* 
hj  Phoebe- Ann,  daughter  of  John  Rum- 
ball,  etq.  and  Susanna  bis  wife,  of  Bamet, 
Herts.     Uii  father's  eldest  brother,  Wil- 
Ijam,  was  for  many  years  Paymaster-Ge- 
neral at  Bombay,  and  his  younger  brother 
was  the  late  Admiral  Jame^  Broughton, 
When  he  was  about   ^ix  years  old  his 
r&inily  removed  to  Barnet  in  Herts,  where 
boyish  days   and    his  vacations  were 
Mied.     I  n  J  anu a ry,  1 7  97 ,  he  was  entered 
1 1  student  at  the  King  s  School,  Canter- 
flyiiry;  be  was  admitted  to  a  King's  Schotar- 
llliip  at  the  following  Christmas,  and  left 
rUte  school  on  1 6th  December.  1804.     In 
[Aprilf  1807,  through  the  influence  of  the 
[late  Marquess  of  Snliahury,  by  whom  his 
[lather   was   held   iu   deserved  esteem,  he 
I  obtained  on  appointment  in  the  East  India 
I  House  as  clerk  in  the  treasury.     After  a 
I  Aervice  in  this  situation  of  above  five  years, 
[lie  relinquished  it  from  a  desire  to  enter 
[  the  ministry  of  the  Churcb.     After  spend- 
I  lug  some  months  in  Canterbury  and  pre- 
[  paring  for  the  University  under  the  direc- 
r  tioQ  of  his  intimate  frieod,  the  Rev.  11.  J. 
]  Hutcbessoa,  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall,  he  be- 
came  \tk  October,  1814,  a  resident  member 
[of   Pembroke   Hall,    Cambridge,  and   in 
L  jAiioary,  1818,  took  the  degree  ojf  B.A^  as 
r  tixtb  wrangler  of  that  year*     He  proceeded 
M.A.  hi  I82i,   and  B.D.  and  DJX  per 
[  $aliurH  in  lH;iG»     He  was  ordained  Deacun 
early  in  l81lB,andadmittedto  Priest's  orders 
[  during  the  same  year.     He  was  nominated 
I  to  the  curacy  of  Hartley  WespaU,  Hants, 
i  where  he  remained  for  nine  years,  first  is 
}  Curate  to  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Alfred  Thomas 
Harris,  and   afterwards  to  the   Rev.   Dr. 
Keate  (late  Head  Master  of  Eton),  who  suc- 
I  ceeded  Mr.  Harris  in  that  benefice.  OnUtb 
'  July,  1818,  he  was  married  in  Canterbury 
I  Cathedral  to  Sarah,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  John  Francis,  Rector  of  St.  Mildred^s 
in  that  city,  Vicar  of  Willcsborougb,  and 
one  of  the  tU  preachers  of  the  Cathedral, 


by  Mary  bis  wife,  daughter  of  John  Peachy, 
esq.  of  Soham,  Combridgeahirf ,  This  lady, 
who  was  one  of  the  most  gentle  and  un- 
assuming of  Christian  matrons,  discharging 
quietly  and  unosteototiously  the  duties  of 
her  position,  so  that,  though  uiixiDg  in  the 
world,  as  circumstatices  obliged  her,  she 
"  was  not  of  the  world,*'  died  in  Sydney^ 
after  a  few  days'  illness,  on  16  September, 
1B49,  and,  such  was  the  estimation  iu  which 
her  virtues  were  held  by  the  inhabitauts  of 
Sydney,  that  ber  funeral  on  the  20th  Sept. 
(though  intended  to  be  strictly  private) 
assumed  a  public  character  from  the  im- 
mense assemblage  of  persons  who  followed 
her  remains  from  St.  James*  Charch  to  the 
cemetery,  the  train  reaching  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  in  length.  By  her  Dr. 
Broughton  had  a  son  and  two  daughters. 
His  son  died  in  infancy  on  16  July,  18'24. 
His  daughters  survive  him,  and  are  both 
settled  in  Australia,  The  eldest,  Mary- 
Pboebe,  is  the  wife  of  Wm.  Boy  dell,  esq. 
the  youngest,  Emily,  of  George  Crawley, 
esq. 

After  a  residence  of  a  few  years  at  Hartley 
Weepall,  Mr.  Broughton  was  appointed 
by  Dr.  ToiSiline,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  to 
the  Curacy  of  Farnham  :  and  hnd  not  that 
prelate  been  removed  by  a  tiudden  death 
while  on  a  visit  to  Mr,  Banker  at  Corfe 
Castle,  he  had  intended  to  have  promoted 
Mr,  Broughton  to  the  first  living  in  his 
gift  which  should  become  vacant,  as  a  proof 
of  his  approbation  of  Mr.  Broughton's 
learned  and  elaborate  answer  to  a  work 
published  utidcr  the  title  of  I'ulieoromaie-a. 
But  the  vicinity  of  Hartley  to  Strathfield- 
saye  had  brought  Mr.  Broughton  under 
the  notice  of  the  late  Dtike  of  Wellington, 
who  nominated  him,  without  solicitation 
on  his  part,  to  the  Chaplaincy  of  the  Tower 
of  London  i  and  soon  after  offered  him  the 
Archdeaconry  of  New  South  Wales,  then 
vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Archdeacon 
Hobbs Scott.  Mr.  Broughton  felt  hound  to 
take  the  Oder  into  consideration,  although 
he  would  have  been  contented  to  remain 
in  his  position  as  Chaplain  to  the  Tower 
aod  Curate  of  Farnham.  He  first  consulted 
his  diocesan,  Dr.  Sumner,  Bishop  of  Win- 
cheater,  as  to  his  acceptance  of  the  arch- 
deaconry. But,  as  he  has  himself  men- 
tioned, '  *  it  was  at  the  holy  table  in  Famham 
charch  that  he  made  up  his  determination 
to  undertake  the  office."  For  it  was  there 
given  him  to  feel  that  the  oolooists  mod 
aborigines  of  Australia  needed  to  be  fed 
with  "  the  bread  of  life  *^  as  mnch  as  the 
pfirisbioners  of  Farnham.  He  therefore 
proceeded  to  Strathfieldsaye  and  informed 
Ibe  Dnke  that  he  considered  it  bis  duty  to 
accept  the  archdeaconry.  His  Grace  ob- 
ierved  to  him  that  in  his  judgment  it  was 
impoiaible  to  foresee  the  extent  and  im- 


432  Obituary, — Di\  Broughton^  Buhop  ofSt/dnetf.       [April* 


portance  of  the  Austrnlaisian  colonies,  and, 
)i«;  adil(?Uj  "  tliey  mufit  have  a  Clmrfb." 
For  it  was  the  Dake's  strong  opinion  tliitt 
theae  settlements  would  Nourish  iti  propor- 
tion an  thtir  grouudwork  was  laid  in  the 
knowbdge  ami  practice  of  the  duties  of 
irevealed  reUgion.  The  Duke  said  to  nie 
(observes  the  Bishop  in  his  speech  as  given 
in  the  Colonial  Church  Chronicle  for 
February)  **  1  dou^t  desire  so  sjieedy  a 
determiijation.  If  in  mj/  profession,  io- 
decd,  a  mun  is  desired  to  go  to-morrow 
morning  to  the  other  side  of  the  world, 
it  \»  better  he  should  go  to-morrow,  or  not 
at  all/'  Tbifi  was  gpokcn  with  that  degree 
of  energy  and  good  Bense  which  dis- 
tinguished every  word  tliat  fell  from  his 
lips,  lie  desired  me  to  remain  Ihat  day 
aod  on  my  return  home  to  take  the  .subject 
intj  my  seHous  consideration  again,  and 
let  him  have  an  answer  within  a  week. 
Within  a  week  my  answer  was  returnedt 
to  be  submitted  to  the  Archbishop  of  Can- 
ti^rbury,  and  finally  to  be  laid  before  the 
King  ;  and  hence  my  connexion  with  the 
colonial  Church*  It  was  entirely  the  act 
of  the  Duke  of  Welling  to  ru  He  found 
me  a  curate.  He  lived  to  see  me  a  metjo- 
politao.'* 

A  rchdeacon  Broughton  accordingly  iailed 
for  New  South  Wales  and  engaged  in  the 
duties  of  his  office,  his  juriisdietion  ex- 
tending over  the  whole  of  Anstralia»  Van 
Diem  en' 8  Land,  and  the  adjoining  islamic. 
He  visiti^J  all  the  sfitlements  in  these 
latitudes  connected  with  his  archdencunry, 
and  endeavoured  to  excite  the  settlers  and 
the  govern (iieut  to  the  erection  of  churches 
And  schools,  giring  his  attentioa  nUo  to 
the  preparation  of  a  grammar  of  the  Ian* 
guage  spoken  by  the  aborigines,  and  taking 
the  primary  steps  for  their  conversion  to 
Christianity.  In  his  Charge  delivered  LI 
Feb*  1934  he  announced  his  intention  of 
retaming  to  England  to  moke  known  the 
religiouii  wants  of  the  colony,  being  satis- 
lied,  having  attcntivety  examined  and  coo* 
sidered  all  circumstiincis  connicted  with 
the  advancement  of  religion,  that  they  were 
attempting  to  provide  for  its  general  exten- 
sion and  establishment  with  utterly  in* 
adequate  means.  ''  I  rannot  look  on  with 
tranquillity  (he  says)  while  1  sec  such  ex* 
tended  and  populous  districts  devoid  of 
churches,  devoid  of  clergymen,  devoid  of 
ichooli  i  the  (lock  of  Christ  acatlcred  with- 
out a  shepherd  ;  destitnte  in  u  word  of  all 
the  means  of  Christian  instrnction  and 
devotion  ;  and  1  should  be  ashamed  of  my 
own  inactivity  in  the  service  of  a  Master 
who  has  done  such  great  things  for  me  if, 
believing  the  possibility  that  my  interposi- 
tton  in  milking  known  the^e  wants  might 
lead  to  their  removal*  I  should  hesitate  at 
any  personal  cxertioD,  or  shrink  from  §Jtj 
12 


personal  hazard ,  which  might  be  incurred 
in  carrying  that  purpose  into  etfect.""    He 
accordingly  returned  to  England,  and  his 
journey  was  not  wiihout  etfect.    In  his  loi 
address  to  his  clergy  before  again  quit  tin 
Sydney  for  England  on   14th  Aug.  185^ 
he  observes,  speaking  of  the  mighty  chan^ 
which  had  taken  place  in  the  condition 
the  Church,  **  With  few  exceptions  all  the 
links  in  this  wonderful  chain  may  be  traced 
lo,  and  connected  with,  the  appeal  wluch 
was  made  m  10^4^35  to  the  piety  of  the 
churchmen  of  England^  and  on  behalf  ofj 
their  brethren  in  Australia.**     The  fir 
result  of  that  journey  was  the  establish* 
meat  of  a  biflhoprick  in  Australia,  to  the 
Buperiiiteadence  of  which  he  was  conse- 
crated OD  14  Feb,  1630.  The  corisccratio 
was  performed  in  the  chapel  of  Lambed 
Palace  by  the  .\rchbbhop  of  Canterbtir 
(Dr.  Howley),  assisted  by  the  Bishop 
Loudon   (Dr.    Blomfield),  the  Bishop 
Witichester  (Dr.  Sumner),  and  the  Btsho_ 
of  Gloucester  and   Bristol  (Dr.   Munk>V" 
The  present  Bishop  of  Quebec  (Dr.  G«  i, 
1^ fountain)  wiB  consecrated  at   the  tame 
time  and  place,  as  Bishop  of  Montreal ; 
find   the   liermou    on    this   occasion    wi» 
preached  by  tbo  Rev.  Dr.  Molesworth,  now 
Yicar  of  Rochdale. 

On  the  appointment  of  Dr.  Broughton 
to  the  see  of  Australia,  a  new  archdeaconry 
was  formed  for  Vnn  Diemca's  I^aad,  to 
which  the  Bishop  collated  the  Rev.  \V. 
Hutcbins,  one  of  his  contemporariea  at 
Pembroke  Hall,  and  also  a  wrangler  in  the 
tripos  of  181 H. 

On  the  arrival  of  the  Bishop  in  hii  new 
diocese  he  found  himself  involved  in  con* 
troversy  and  diii pules  respecting  the  due 
education  of  the  people,  and  be  strongly 
opjxised  the  introduction  of  a  system  of 
instrnction  similar  to  that  adopted  for  the 
National  Schouls  of  Ireland.  It  is  imfws- 
flible  in  a  brief  memoir  of  this  kind  to 
enter  fully  into  the  detuds  of  the  measoreti 
taken  by  the  Bisliop  for  ensuring  a  Church 
education  to  chiiiren  of  the  Church. 
Suffice  it  to  say,  that  the  measures  were» 
on  the  whole,  successful.  His  attrntion, 
however,  was  speedily  directed  to  thr  visi- 
tation of  his  exti?nsive  diocese,  and  in  the 
succeeding  years,  as  also  at  later  pertodi, 
be  visited  for  the  puq>o«es  of  conAnna. 
lion  and  ordination,  New  Zeur  '  ^' 
Diemen^s  Land,  Norfolk  litlanil 
Philip,  as  well  as  the  settlemiu  :„^ 

colony  of  New  South  Wales.  Interest- 
ing accounts  of  his  missionary  touts  may 
be  found  in  the  'ind  aod  3rd  vols,  of  *'  The 
Church  in  the  Colonies,* '  published  by  the 
Swnety  for  Promoting  Christ i  '■' 
ledge,  and  in  the  reports  of  the 
the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  n.  .  :^.(,.4 
Parts.    In  1837  the  Bbhop  determined  on 


rite^ 


1853.]  Obituary, — Dr.  Bronghion,  Bishop  of  Sydnmf.  433 


Ibe  erection  of  bus  catliedral,  aa  edifice  in- 
tend ed  not  merely  Co  answer  tbe  purposes 
contemplated  b;  tbeir  foundiTi^,  bnt  too 
seldom  effectually  carried  out  in  pracLice 
!n  such  establi^^hments  in  England^  but  to 
become  at  the  same  tisae  a  parish  churcb 
for  the  nUQiemus  immi^ants  and  others 
deatitute  of  church  accommodation  in 
Sydnejr.  The  corner  stone  was  accord- 
ingly laid  on  16tb  May  by  Sir  Richard 
Boiirke,  K.C.B.  the  Governor.  Bat  no 
great  progreai  was  made  in  tbe  work, 
owing  to  tbe  distrtss  prevalent  in  the 
colony,  until  1846,  when  a  new  comoilttee 
wai  formed,  and  a  plan  for  gradtinlly  pro- 
ceed i  ng  there wi  t  h  adopte  d.  The  strnc  tu  re 
remains  atitl  unfini^bedj  though  tbe  work 
slowly  bnt  Bteadily  Eipp roaches  completion* 
Let  as  trust  that  it  will  not  be  suffered  lo 
languish  at  the  eleventh  hour. 

In  1841  Dr.  George  Augustus  Selwya 
was  consecrated  Bishop  of  New  Zealand, 
and  tbe  Bishop  of  Australia  was  released 
from  the  superintendence  of  those  islands, 
over  which,  although  not  strictly  within 
the  limits  of  hb  diocese,  he  had  hitherto 
extended  bia  supcrvlsionr  vis»iting  them  at 
tbe  end  of  the  year  1838,  holding  an  ordi- 
nation and  two  confirmations,  and  conse- 
crating btirtal' grounds  at  Paihia  and  Koro- 
rarika.  The  Bishop  of  New  Zeakad  ar- 
rived at  Sydney  in  1842 ;  and  baving, 
after  a  short  sojourn,  received  tbe  bene- 
diction  of  bii  more  aged  brother  iu  tbe 
episcopate,  proceeded  to  bis  new  diocese, 

lo  1843  the  diocese  of  Tasmania  was 
separated  Arom  the  see  of  Australia,  and 
Dr«  FraooiB  Russell  Nixon  consecrated 
Bishop  thereof.  Still  the  diocese  of  Bishop 
BroughtOD  continued  of  an  immense  ex- 
tenti  aud  his  visitation!!  and  couftrmatlon 
tourd  occupied  considerable  time  aud 
labour.  Every  year  called  for  Lb  from  his 
M&  ohArges,  occasional  sermons,  pampb- 
lots,  and  pantoral  addresses,  many  of  which 
reached  tin  gland,  and  have  been  circulated 
in  ecclesiastical  circles.  In  1B43  the  Pope 
sent  forth  to  Australia  an  archbishop  of 
Sydney  of  his  own  appointment.  This 
ealied  forth  a  well-timed  and  noble  protest 
from  the  rightful  Bishop  of  Auitralia.  It 
is  dated  on  the  festival  uf  the  Annuncia- 
tion of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary,  in  the 
year  of » our  Lord  JB43,  according  to  the 
course  aud  reckoning  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and  was  deliverrd  by  tbe  Bbhop, 
standing  on  tbe  north  side  of  the  altur  in 
tbe  Church  of  St.  James  the  Apostle,  in 
the  presence  ot  several  of  bis  clergy,  per- 
sonally  attending  and  assisting  at  the  cele- 
bration of  Divine  Service,  at  tbf  concluiion 
of  the  Niccne  Creed,  The  document  is  as 
follows:  "  In  the  name  of  God,  Amen. 
We,  William  Grant,  by  Divine  pemiiiston 
Bishop  and  Ordinary  Pa«itor  of  Australia, 
Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX, 


do  protest  publicly  and  explicitly,  on  be- 
half  of  ourselves  and  our  successors, 
Bishops  of  Australia,  ami  on  behalf  of 
the  clergy  and  alt  the  faithful  of  tbe  same 
church  and  diocese,  and  also  on  behalf  of 
William,  by  Divine  Providence  Lord  Arch- 
biahop  of  Canterbury,  Primate  of  all  Eng- 
land and  MetropQlitau,and  his  snccessora, 
that  the  Bishop  of  Rotue  has  not  any  right 
or  nutbority  according  to  tbe  laws  of  God, 
and  the  canonical  order  of  the  Church,  to 
institute  any  episcopal  or  archiepiscopal 
see  or  sees  within  the  limits  of  the  diocese 
of  Australia  and  province  of  Canterbury 
aforesaid.  And  we  do  hereby  publicly, 
explicitly,  and  deliberately  protest  against, 
dissent  from>  and  contradict  any  and  every 
act  of  episcopal  or  metropolitan  authority 
done  or  to  be  done  at  any  time  or  by  any 
person  whatever,  by  virtue  of  any  right  or 
title  derived  from  any  assumed  jurisdiction, 
power,  superiority,  pre-eminence*  or  au- 
thority of  the  said  Bishop  of  Rome,  ena- 
bling him  to  institute  any  episcopal  see  or 
see^  within  the  diocese  and  province  here- 
inbefore named.*' 

Hero  it  may  be  proper  to  record,  as 
connected  with  the  above  protest,  though 
transgressing  tbe  order  of  time,  that  on 
12th  March,  1851,  tlic  Bishop  presided  at 
o  meeting  held  in  consequence  of  the  papal 
ngg  res  lion  in  England,  in  which  tbe  prin- 
ciples  of  the  protest  were  ogain  affirmed, 
and  forwarded  to  the  Archbishop  of  C^in- 
terburjr,  with  a  letter  from  his  Lordship, 
in  which  he  remonstrates  against  attempt- 
ing to  obtain  aecnrity  for  oue  part  of  the 
Church  which  the  other  cannot  obtain, 
and  expresses  bis  apprehension  that  no 
real  advantage  would  result  from  the  par- 
tial application  of  a  principle,  which  if 
good  for  any  part  must  bo  good  for  all. 
For  he  could  not  but  deeply  feel  that, 
while  the  Ecclesiastical  Titles  Bill  pro- 
fesses to  vindicate  the  status  of  ibe  Au^ 
gliciiJi  Episcopate  at  home,  it  gives  no 
protection  to  oar  communion  in  her  Ma- 
jesty *8  dominions  in  foreign  parts.  Writing 
about  that  Bill  to  a  friend  in  England,  be 
obaerves :  *'  It  would,  I  think,  have  had 
more  effect  if  the  Archbi^jbop  of  Canter-* 
bury  had  gone  into  Westminster  Abbey 
and  tbe  other  bisshops  each  into  their  own 
catbedrabi  and  there  have  delivered  their 
protests,  as  I  did,  in  tbe  face  of  the  cou- 
gregations.'*  Returning  from  this  digres- 
sion we  may  observe  that  In  1B4@  tbe 
Bishoprics  of  Adelaide,  Melbourne,  and 
Newcuatle,  were  also  formed  from  the 
Bishopric  of  Australia  ;  and  Dr.  B rough- 
ton  having  been  constituted  Metropolitan 
of  Australasia,  with  the  three  above  men- 
tioned bishops  and  the  Bishops  of  New 
Zealand  and  Tasmania  us  liis  suffragans, 
took  the  title  of  Bishop  of  Sydney  instead 
1  K 


'^^^ 


434  Obituary.— Dr.  Broughton^  Bishop  of  Sydney.       [Aprils 

of  that  of  Bishop  of  Australia.  It  is  well 
known  that  Miss  Burdett  Contts  endowed 
the  Bishopric  of  Adelaide;  but  Bishop 
Bronghton  gaye  up  500/.  per  annum  out 
of  a  stipend  of  2000/.,  towards  the  endow- 
ment  of  Newcastle  and  Melbourne,  and 
offered  to  surrender  another  500/.  if  neces- 


In  the  autumn  of  1850  the  Bishop  re- 
ceiyed,  as  metropolitan  and  primate  of  the 
Australasian  Church,  a  visit  from  his 
suffragans,  the  Bishops  of  New  Zealand, 
Tasmania,  Melbourne,  Adelaide,  and  New- 
castle, when,  in  solemn  conference,  their 
lordships  determined  to  form  the  Austra- 
lasian Board  of  Missions  for  the  conver- 
sion of  the  aborigines  in  their  respective 
dioceses,  and  the  propagation  of  the 
Gospel  among  the  unconverted  islanders 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  They  also  agreed 
to  certain  rules  of  practice  and  ecclesiasti- 
cal order,  which  they  recommended  to  the 
attention  of  the  clergy  and  laity  under 
their  jurisdiction.  Among  other  matters 
the  bishops  stated  in  their  declaration  their 
opinion  that  ^'  there  are  many  questions  of 
great  importance  to  the  well-being  of  the 
Church  in  our  province  which  cannot  be 
settled  without  duly-constituted  provincial 
and  diocesan  synods.'^  To  prepare  the 
way  for  holding  such  synods,  and  to  con- 
sult with  colonial  bishops  from  other  parts 
of  the  British  dominions  on  the  difficulties 
of  the  Churches  in  those  parts,  and  the 
means  for  freeing  them  from  unnecessary 
restrictions,  was  the  object  of  the  BiBhop*s 
recent  journey  to  England.  **  My  design  ** 
in  projecting  the  journey  (says  his  lord- 
ship in  his  farewell  address  at  Sydney), 
"was  to  solicit  in  the  proper  quarter  the 
removal  of  those  restrictions  by  which  our 
Church  is  at  present  inhibited  from  the 
free  exercise  of  those  faculties  of  self- 
guidance  with  which  she  was  originally 
endowed  :  that  there  might  no  longer 
exist  any  obstacle  to  the  meeting  of  the 
bishop,  clergy,  and  laity  in  a  lawful  as- 
sembly to  consult  and  make  regulations 
for  the  management  of  the  affairs  of  the 
Church.''  His  lordship  announced  his 
intention  to  one  of  his  correspondents  in 
England,  and  stated  that,  in  consequence 
of  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  a  passage  by 
a  regular  packet,  because  of  the  desertion 
of  the  crews,  he  should  try  to  make  his 
way  to  Ceylon,  and  thence  in  the  Oriental 
steamers  by  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Mediter- 
ranean. But  subsequently  he  wrote  to 
the  Rev.  E.  Hawkins,  secretary  to  the 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel, 
in  the  following  terms  : — •*  The  course  by 
which  I  am  to  proceed  is  first  to  Callao, 
thence  by  steamer  to  Panama,  and  finally 
by  the  West  India  Mail  to  London.  .  .  . 
I  wish  to  appear  in  South  America  as  re- 


presenting the  cause  of  the  Chnrcii  of 
England.  It  has  never  in  ftct  had  toy 
representatives  there  except  the  bbbop 
and  clei^  of  Guiana,  who  are  cat  off  from 
intercourse  with  the  western  coast.  I  hare 
made  some  ineffectual  attempts  to  open  a 
communication  with  any  clergyman  oif  our 
Church  who  may  be  re8i(UI^:  and  offici- 
ating in  Peru,  but  have  never  been  aUe 
to  ascertain  that  there  is  any  one  so  placed. 
Yet  I  know  that  there  are  nnmeroua 
families  of  English  there.  My  pretence^ 
therefore,  will  enable  me  to  inqnire,  to 
administer  the  holy  sacraments,  to  con- 
firm, and  to  preach  ;  and  if  I  may,  nnder 
God*s  protection,  remain  there  a  few  weeks, 
I  trust  that  the  appearance  of  an  English 
bishop  in  the  capital  of  the  Incas  may  lead 
to  consequences  which  the  Society  irifl 
feel  an  interest  in  hearing  of." 

His  lordship  accordingly  started  on  his 
voyage,  and  arrived  in  England  fh>m  St 
Thomas's,  by  the  La  Plata  (known  as  the 
fever  ship),  in  November  last.  His  noble 
conduct  in  administering  the  consolations 
of  religion  to  the  dying  captain  and  others, 
fearless  of  any  personal  harm,  and  how  he 
remained  on  board  after  the  vessel  had  ar- 
rived at  Southampton  until  every  invalid 
had  been  landed,  and  the  dead  buried  l^ 
him,  has  merited  the  approbation  of  au 
who  have  read  the  accounts  in  the  pnhlie 
papers.  After  the  fatigue  attending  such 
a  journey,  and  the  fearful  incidents  of  the 
voyage  from  the  West  Indies,  his  lordship 
suffered  severely  in  health,  but  soon  re- 
covered sufficiently  to  visit  his  venerable 
mother  (now  in  her  94th  year)  in  War- 
wickshire, and  to  spend  a  few  days  wMi 
other  friends.  At  the  Jannair  meeting  of 
the  Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Know- 
ledge, the  Bishop  of  Sydney  occapied  the 
chair,  supported  by  the  Bishops  of  An- 
tigua and  Capetown ;  and  having,  throna^ 
the  Archdeacon  of  Middlesex,  received  ue 
congratulations  of  the  society,  he  delivered 
an  interesting  address,  whidi  is  given  in 
the  Ecclesiastical  Gasette  for  Jan.  11, 
1853.  On  Friday,  2l8t  Jan.  at  a  meeting 
of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel,  the  Bishop  of  London  presidinff, 
he  received  an  address  from  that  veneraUe 
Society,  which,  together  with  his  admira- 
ble reply,  is  inserted  in  the  Colonial 
Church  Chronicle  for  February.  He  after- 
wards delivered  the  first  sermon  at  the  re> 
opening  of  Lambeth  Church,  on  the  1st 
of  February,  attended  a  missionary  meet- 
ing at  Bamet,  among  his  relatives  and  the 
scenes  of  his  early  childhood,  and  then 
proceeded  on  a  visit  to  the  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester and  his  old  parishioners  at  Pam- 
ham.  On  his  return  to  town  he  was 
seised  with  an  attack  of  bronchitis,  and 
after  six  days'  illness  expired  st  a  qnaiter 


1853.]         Obituary. — Dr.  Brougkion,  Bishop  of  Sidney.         435 


past  one  o'clock  on  fhio  moroiug  of  Sanday 
20th  February,  nt  the  resiilenoe  of  Lady 
Gtppj,  the  relict  of  his  old  frienrt  and 
BchooKfdIow  the  late  GoTeroor  of  New 
South  Wales.  Hie  Jast  hours  of  com^ct- 
ouiness  were  occupied  in  pouring  forth 
pious  ejnenlatioDs,  and  prayers,  aod  pas- 
inges  of  Holy  Scriptxire*  Nearly  his  last 
words  evinced  his  feelings  as  a  miesionory 
bishop.  They  were — **  The  earth  tthail 
be  filled  with  the  Glory  of  the  Lord." 
These  wordi^  he  repeated  thrice.  After  a 
few  more  words  expressiye  of  humble  re- 
gret that  be  should  no  longer  be  per- 
mitted to  be  au  instrument  of  furthering 
tliat  gkiry,  because  "the  waters  of  death 
]ia4  come  oyer  him/*  he  fell  peacefully 
asleep  fn  sore  and  certain  hope  of  the  re* 
snrreetjon  to  eternal  life  through  Him 
who  is  the  Bishop  and  Shepherd  of  Souls, 

It  hftTing  been  resolved  by  the  execu- 
tors^  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Bishop  of 
London,  to  bury  the  deceaied  prelate  near 
the  spot  with  which  he  had  been  identified 
in  younger  years,  the  body  was  on  Friday 
26th  Feb.  removed  to  Canterbury,  and 
coDTeycd  by  torch-light  to  the  Cliapter- 
honsCf  where  it  rested  during  the  night. 
The  next  day  it  was  conveyed  with  every 
hononrable  circumstance  of  processional 
solemnity,  attended  by  the  dignitaries  and 
officials  of  the  cFithcdral^  the  students  of 
St.  Augostine^a  College,  and  nearly  one 
hundred  clergymen,  throagh  the  cloisters 
into  the  Church,  and  interred  in  a  vault 
in  the  south  aisle  of  the  nave  of  the 
cathedral,  just  below  the  monument  of 
the  late  Sir  George  Gipps.  The  lesson 
waa  read  and  the  prayers  were  offered  by 
Archdeacon  Harrison,  the  introductory 
senteiiceir  Che  psalms,  and  the  anthem  of 
the  burial  offioe  being  chaunted,  as  the 
procession  moved  along,  or  became  sta- 
tionary at  the  grave,  with  thrilling  effect, 
by  the  gentlemen  of  the  choir.  The  pall 
was  supported  by  the  Bishop  of  Quebec, 
the  Ex-bishop  of  Bombayr  the  Warden  of 
St  Augustine^s,  the  Rev.  E.  Hawkins, 
the  Rev.  Edward  Coleridge,  and  George 
Gipps,  esquire.  James  B  rough  too,  esq. 
the  Rer.  J«  P.  Francis,  and  some  other 
personal  ooniieutioni  followed  as  moumera. 

The  Venerable  Ajrchdeacon  of  Maid- 
stone, on  Sunday  morning,  delivered  a 
foueral  sermon  in  the  cathedral,  which,  we 
understand,  will  be  published,  as  will  also 
another  by  the  Warden  of  St.  Augustine's 
College. 

It  has  been  proposed  by  some  of  the 
friends  of  the  deceased  prelate  to  attempt 
the  completion  of  St.  Andrew^g  Cathedral 
as  his  monument ;  bat  others  incline  to 
the  erection  of  a  moTtomcot  in  the  nave  of 
Canterbury  Cathedral,  while  some   wish 


tarship  for  an  Australian  youth  in  St. 
Augustine's  College,  as  a  suitable  testi- 
mony to  the  virtues  of  the  departed 
bishop* 

One,  at  least,  of  the^e  projects  will»  we 
truj^t,  be  Dccomplished  ;  for  surely  it  would 
not  be  right  to  allow  the  grave  to  close 
over  the  mortal  remains  of  so  great  and 
good  a  man  without  some  attempt  being 
made  tu  honour  his  memory.  ^'  A  resi- 
dence of  twenty-five  years  nt  the  Anti- 
podes," ohserres  a  leading  journal  of  the 
day,  '•  had  withdrawn  him  from  observa- 
lioa  at  home;  hut  from  time  to  time,  over 
the  wide  waters  of  the  Pacific,  came  tid- 
ings of  his  noble  labours  and  exemplary 
fulfilment  of  the  lofty  functions  of  a 
Chrtstbn  bishop.  He  was  a  man  per  te. 
It  is  no  light  eulogium  to  say,  as  we  truly 
may,  that  he  was  primus  inter  par^Sf 
where  bis  coadjutors  were  the  Bishops  of 
New  Zealand,  Tasmania,  Melhourne,  New- 
CBBtlc,  and  Adelaide.  To  be  revered  by 
such  men  is  greatness  itself,  and  assuredly 
Bishop  Brought  on  was  revered  with  no 
common  devotion,  and  loved  with  no 
common  love.  Consecrated  in  1836,  he 
from  the  first  applied  himself  with  uo- 
dauDted  f^pirit  to  what  seemed  almost  a 
hopeless  and  dreary  undertaking.  Single- 
handed  he  »et  foot  upon  his  dit^tant  dio- 
cese, the  only  member  of  the  English 
episcopate  on  that  side  of  the  globe. 
Starting  with  the  true  idea  of  the  Church, 
and  her  relation  to  God's  purposes,  in  the 
redemption  of  mankind,  he  applied  him- 
self to  extend  her  borders.  His  proceed- 
ings were  gradual,  cautious,  and  without 
ostentation.  He  felt  that  be  was  laying 
the  foundation  of  the  Lord's  house,  and 
that  he  must  do  it  wclK  He  must  have 
known  that  to  lay  the  foundation  was 
nearly  all  he  could  do — that  to  him  per- 
tained all  the  early  difficulties^  the  bewing 
of  wood  and  drawing  of  water —  that  others 
would  finish  what  he  hod  begun,  and  wit- 
ness the  tnumph  of  his  work.  But  he 
persevered,  unseen  by  men  of  mark  and 
note,  uopraised,  and  for  a  while  unac^ 
knowledged.  But  ouly  tor  awhile  ;  results 
have  already  begun  to  show  themselves, 
and  but  one  thing  was  wanting  to  com- 
plete the  scheme  be  had  so  skilfully  orga- 
nized, viz.  the  fm  right  of  synodal  action. 
He  came  to  t:ngland,  but  he  lived  not  to 
attain  the  accomplishment  of  his  designs. 
To  the  Divine  Providence  that  orders  the 
issues  of  life  and  death,  the  removal  of 
such  a  man  at  such  a  time  must  be  attri- 
buted with  awe  and  submission.  It  is,  in- 
deed, inscrutable."* 

Far  and  wide — first  in  his  own  diocese, 
by  brethren  and  friends,  who  daily  noted 
his  apostolic  labours  and  saintly  walk^bj 
the  suffragans  of  his  own  metropolitancy 


436 

— by  hia  colonial  brethren  cTerywhere,  and 
bj  nil  ortlers  of  men  wlio  knew  bis  nutner 
the  tiding:;  of  his  death  will  be  received 
with  sorrow  proportioned  to  his  great 
worth  and  noble  Eervices ;  for  he  admi- 
Distered  (as  another  writer  observes)  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  the  fonc- 
tioiia  of  his  hi|;h  oiices,  as  archdeacon,  na 
biahop,  as  metropolttan,  with  au  ability, 
dignity,  and  iucce£5p  exjnaUed,  probably, 
by  many,  but  aurpassed  bjfetPt  of  the  pre- 
lates who  have  adorned  by  their  virtues 
either  ancient  or  modern  Chrbtcndom. 


SiB  Wathen  Waller,  Ba»t,  G.C.H. 

Jan*  L  In  Old  Cavendish -street*  aged 
84,  Sir  Jonathan  Wat  hen  Waller,  Bart, 
G,C,H.  formerly  of  Bray  wick  Lodge, 
Berks,  and  of  Pope's  Villa,  Twickenham, 
Middlesex. 

He  waa  born  on  the  6th  Oct.  1709,  the 
only  son  of  Joshua  Phipps,  esq-  of  London, 
by  Mary,  only  daughter  and  heir  of  John 
Allen,  eaq.  of  East  Acton,  Middlese^r, 
whoae  mother  was  Anne,  daughter  of  Tho- 
mas Waller,  eaq.  and  sister  and  coheir  of 
Jamef  Widler,  esq.  of  Farrien^  near  High 
Wycombe.  He  was  educated  as  a  surgeon, 
and  for  some  years  was  eminent  as  an 
oculist.  After  his  second  marriage  with 
the  Baroness  Howe  in  18 IS,  he  assumed 
the  name  and  arms  of  Waller  only,  instead 
of  his  own,  by  royal  sign- manual,  dated 
March  7,  1814,  in  order  to  mark  his 
descent  from  that  family  through  his  ma- 
ternal grandmother.  He  was  created  a 
Baronet  by  patent  dated  May  30,  1815. 

He  was  Groom  of  the  Bedcljaraber  to 
King  Williflni  the  Fourth,  who  nominated 
him  a  Grand  Cross  of  the  HanoTerian 
Guelphic  Order  ill  1832. 

Sir  Wathen  Waller  was  twice  married, 
firsit  til  Eiizabeth- Maria,  daughter  of  Tho- 
mas Slack,  esq.  of  fi  ray  wick  Lodge,  Berk* 
ahirc;  she  died  in  1809.  He  married 
secondly,  Oct.  1,  Ui%  Charlotte- Sophia 
(in  her  own  right)  Baroness  Howe,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  celebrated  Richard  Earl 
and  Baron  Howe,  widow  of  the  Hon. 
Penn  Assheton  Curzon,  and  mother  of  the 
present  Earl  Howe.  Her  Ladyship  died 
on  the  3rd  Dec.  1835.  Sir  Wathen  had 
ifi»ue  by  hia  :firBt  wife  two  sous  and  one 
daughter:  L  Anne- Eliza,  married  in  1823 
to  John  Jarrett,  est{.  of  Mordands,  Uanta, 
and  Camerton  House,  Somersetshire ;  S« 
Sir  Thomas- Wathen,  hb  successor ;  and 
3,  Ernest  Adolphus  Waller,  esq.  bom  in 
leor  (to  whom  their  Royal  Highnesses 
the  Dukes  of  Cumberland  and  Cambridge, 
and  the  Princesses  Sophia  and  Mary, 
Duchess  of  Gloucester,  stood  sponsors), 
who  married  in  1*^35  Louisa,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Wise,  of  Off- 
church,  CO,  Warwick, 


The  present  Baronet,  who  ia  Secretary 
of  Legation  at  Brusiels,  waa  bom  in  1805, 
and  married  in  183G  the  eldest  daughter 
of  the  said  Rev.  Henry  Wise* 

Lx.-GaN.  Sm  A.  Pilkinoton,  K.C.B. 

Feit.  23.  At  Catsfield  PUce,  Sussex, 
aged  77,  Lieut-General  Sir  Andrew  Piik- 
ington,  K.C.B.,  Colonel  of  the  20th  Rcgt. 

Sir  Andrew  Pilkington,  had  he  lived  a 
few  days  longer,  would  liave  completed 
seventy  years  of  service,  bis  commisaiou 
as  Ensi^  in  the  ind  Foot  bearing  date  an 
the  7ih  of  March,  1783.  He  senred  oft 
board  the  Channel  ^eet  in  1793^  ;  and  in 
Lord  Howe*!  action,  on  the  1st  of  June, 
1794,  received  two  splinter  wounds,  H« 
was  in  the  West  Indies  in  the  three  fol- 
lowing years,  and  was  present  at  th«  cap- 
ture of  Triniilad.  In  1798  he  shared  in 
ttic  suppression  of  the  Irish  rebellion  ; 
and  in  1799  and  1805  accompanied  the 
expeditions  to  the  H elder.  lo  hia  iitasafe 
to  India  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the 
defence  of  the  Kent  Indiaman  against  « 
French  privateer.  He  returned  in  1803, 
and  served  in  Hanover  under  Lord  Cath- 
cart.  In  1807-8  he  was  Assistant  Adja- 
taiit-General  at  the  Horse  Guard*.  From 
I  SOU  to  18lii  he  was  Deputy  Adjutant- 
Generjil  in  Nova  Stotia,  daring  which  he 
comma^tided  several  successful  expeditioosi 
particularly  a  brigade  at  the  reduction  of 
the  ifllandei  lo  Passamaquody  Bay,  in  1814. 
Sir  Andrew  became  a  Lieutenant- Gmeral 
tn  IB41.  In  Nov.  of  that  year  he  waa  ajn 
pointed  to  tjie  Colonelcy  of  the  8*'d  Regi- 
meut,  from  which  he  was  removed  in  Oct, 
1 850,  to  the  20ih  Regiment.  He 
nominated  a  Kuight  Commander  of  the 
Bath. 

He  married  a  daughter  of  the  Ri^t 
Hon.  Sir  Vicary  Gibbs. 


Liitrr.-GKK.  Sia  W.  S.  Wkish,  IC*C.1 

Feb,  25.  At  Claridgc's  Hotel,  in  Bro 
street,  Lieut. -General  Sir WiUiam  Samp 
Whish,  K.C.B.  of  the  Bengal  ArtUler 

General  Whish  was  a  son  of  the 
Richard  Whish,  Rector  of  West  Watton, 
and  Vicar  of  Wick  ford,  Essex,  by  a  daugh- 
ter of  Willmm  Sandys,  esq*  He  was  bom 
at  North  wold  in  178/. 

He  entered  the  service  of  the  East  IndlA 
Company  as  an  otHcer  in  the  Ben^  Artit- 
lery  in  1804.  He  was  present  at  Uieticfef 
of  Hatrass  and  li  hurt  pore,  and  for  hts  aer* 
vices  at  the  latter  place  was  made  Com- 
panion of  the  Bath . 

He  was  aopotnted  to  the  command  of  a 
division  of  tbc  Indian  army  in  18 18  ;  and 
among  the  last  eveikts  in  liis  difltinKuiabed 
career  were  his  sueoeasful  siege  of  the  fort 
of  Maoltan  and  the  check  he  gave  lo  the 


4 


1853.]      LL'Gen.  Sii-  IV.  S.  ^VhufL—dlajor-Gen.  Bradshaw.       437 


eoeuiy  at  the  fords  of  the  CbcnAb  at 
Wuzeerabad*  Tbe  latter  move,  thoiigU 
effected  against  the  orders  given  by  the 
CommoDder-iii-CIiicf,  doubttess  saved  La- 
hore, and  fruttrated  plans  which »  bad  they 
Eucceeded  in  their  comraen cement,  might 
havQ  shaken  our  empire  in  India.  For 
thei«€  important  services  he  receive  J  a  vote 
of  thanks  from  the  Hon.  Ea^t  India  Com- 
pany, and  aba  from  the  tiro  Houses  of 
Parliftment;  and  was  promoted  to  the 
second  class  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath  in 
1849.  On  the  pact 6 cation  of  the  Funjaub 
Sir  William  Whish  was  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  Bengal  division  of  the 
army ;  but,  after  holding  this  post  for  a 
year  or  two,  he  was  driven  home  by  ex- 
treme tll-heatth,  tmd  arrived  in  so  shat- 
tered and  seemingly  hopeless  a  state,  that 
his  recovery,  under  able  medical  superin- 
tendence, was  an  event  scarcely  expected 
by  tbe  moat  sanguine  of  his  friends.  For 
some  months,  however,  he  seemed  to  have 
recovered  nU  his  wonted  health  and  ac- 
tivity»  with  a  juvenility  of  appearance  not 
enjoyed  by  many  of  his  contemporaries. 
Two  or  three  weeks  before  his  death  some 
unpleasant  symptoms  alarmed  himi  and  he 
came  up  from  Cheltenham  to  place  him- 
self under  the  care  of  Mr.  Martin^  to  whom 
he  was  indebted  for  his  former  wonderful 
recovery. 

He    married    in   1B09  a   daughter  of 
George  Dixon,  esq. 


Majoh'Genebal  Bhadshaw,  K.C, 

Jan*  )0.  At  Brighton,  aged  84,  Major- 
General  Lawrence  Bradshaw,  K.C./lateof 
the  1st  Life  Qamrds,  and  the  senior  Major- 
General  in  the  army. 

He  entered  the  army  as  Ensign  in  the 
16th  Foot  on  the  25th  Sept.  17B0  >  became 
Lieutenant  in  the  13th»  Sept.  3,  1781;  and 
Captain,  April  30,  1790.  Shortly  after 
he  proceeded  to  Jamaica  \  and  in  1793  he 
joined  the  expedition  against  St.  Domingo^ 
where  he  was  engaged  in  various  actions, 
and  eommanded  at  St.  Mare's  and  Tibu- 
ron,  when  those  posts  were  attacked  by 
the  enemy.  He  received  the  majority  of 
his  regiment  Sept.  lU  1794,  and  com- 
maaded  it  in  St.  Domingo  until  tbe  fol- 
lowing year,  when  he  returned  to  England. 
On  the  1st  Sept.  1795|  he  succeeded  to 
the  Lieut. -Colonelcy. 

Lieut. -Colonel  Bradshaw  served  in  Ire- 
land during  the  rebellion.  In  1800  he 
embarked  iu  the  expedition  for  Ferrol, 
and  afterwards  proceeded  to  Gibraltar^ 
where  the  troops  joined  the  army  under 
Sir  Hailph  Abercrombyt  and  sailed  to 
Cadiz.  The  13th  landed  in  Egypt  on  the 
8th  March,  1801,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
actions  of  the  15tbaad  31st  of  that  month; 


and  Colonel  Brad^haw  remained  in  Egypt 
until  ordered  home  on  account  of  ill  health. 

On  the  2d  Feb.  1803  he  was  appointed 
Major  and  Lieut. -Colonel  of  the  1st  Lire 
Guards^  and  on  the  25th  Sept.  1803  a 
Colonel  by  brevet. 

In  1806  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Commissioners  of  Military  Inquiry,  of 
which  he  continued  a  member  until  its 
termination  in  1812.  He  then  obtained 
permission  to  dispose  of  his  commission 
in  the  Guards,  retaining  his  rank  of  M.ijor- 
General  in  the  army,  to  which  he  had  been 
advaoeed  on  the  25th  July,  1810.  He 
received  the  gold  medal  for  Egypt,  and 
the  silver  war  medal  with  one  clasp. 

General  Bradshaw's  only  son  is  Com* 
mander  Robert  Augustus  Bradshaw,  H,N. 
His  eldest  daughter,  Maria,  was  married  iti 
1835  to  Oswald  Moslcy,  esq.  son  and  heir 
sppareut  of  Sir  Oswald  Mosley,  Bart, 


Major-General  Allan,  C.B, 

FebAl.  At  CheUcnham,  Major- General 
James  Alkn,  C.E.,  Colonel  of  tbe  50th 
regiment. 

He  entered  the  army  as  Ensign  tn  Capt. 
Cockle ^s  Independent  company  on  tbe 
3 1  St  Dec*  n94i  and  became  Lieutenant 
by  purchase  in  the  94th  Foot  on  the  1 8th 
March  following.  He  was  employed  at 
Gibraltar  and  the  Cape  from  1795  to  tho 
end  of  1798  ;  and  in  1799  in  the  Mysore 
campaign,  where  he  was  present  in  the 
battle  of  Mallivclly  on  the  2tjth  March » 
the  battle  of  Stock adec  on  the  2Gth  and 
27th  April,  and  in  the  storming  of  Seringa- 
pat  am  on  the  4th  May.  He  obtained  a 
company  on  the  10th  Sept.  ]7!}9*andia 
the  some  year  was  appointed  Acijutunt  to 
his  corps.  In  ItfOO  he  commanded  five 
companies  at  Vellore  ;  and  in  May  1801 
he  was  employed  in  command  of  flank 
companies  for  the  reduction  of  Tranque- 
bar*  He  proceeded  second  in  command 
for  the  protection  of  the  Tanjore  country 
during  the  Southern  Polygar  war^  where 
he  joined  Colonel  Agnew's  army,  remained 
during  that  campaign,  and  proceeded  to 
England  on  sick  certificate  in  1803.  In 
1805  he  was  employed  at  tbe  reduction  of 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  was  present 
at  the  battle  of  Bleuberg. 

On  the  20th  July*  IH09,  he  attained  the 
raak  of  Major,  He  served  iu  tlie  Penin- 
sula, and  received  a  medal  for  the  battle  of 
Toulouse,  He  attained  the  brevet  rank  of 
Lieut.-Colonel  June  4,  1814.  At  the  du- 
bandment  of  the  94th  Foot  in  1818  he  waa 
placed  on  half  pay. 

On  tbe  20th  March,  1828,  he  was  made 
Lieut.-Colonel  of  tbe  57th  Foot  He 
attained  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  the  army 
Jan.  10,  1837^  and  that  of  Major-G«neral 


riiB 


438 


Obituary. — Rear'Adm.  C.  J.  Austent  CB. 


[April, 


Nov.  9,  1846.    He  was  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  50th  regiment  on  the . . . 

1852. 


Rear-Adm.  C.  J.  Austen,  C.U. 

Oct.  8.  At  Prome,  of  cholera,  aged  73, 
Rear- Admiral  Charles  John  Austen,  C.B. 
Naval  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  East 
India  station. 

This  officer  was  the  fifth  and  youngest 
son  of  the  Rev.  George  Austen,  Rector 
of  Steventon,  Hampshire,  by  Cassandra, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Leigh,  Rector 
of  Harpsden  in  Oxfordshire.  His  second 
brother,  who  assumed  the  name  of  Knight, 
is  the  subject  of  an  article  in  the  Obituary 
of  our  Magazine  for  February,  p.  201 ;  and 
his  fourth  brother,  Sir  Francis  William 
Austen,  K.C.B.  is  now  an  Admiral  of 
the  White. 

He  entered  the  Royal  Naval  Academy 
in  July  1791,  and  embarked  in  Sept.  1794, 
as  a  midshipman  on  board  the  Daedalus 
32,  Capt.  Thomas  Williams,  whom  he  fol- 
lowed into  the  Unicorn  32,  and  Endymion 
44.  In  the  former  he  was  present  at  the 
capture  of  the  Dutch  brig-of-war  Comet, 
of  18  guns,  the  French  frigate  Tribune  of 
44,  and  the  troop-ship  La  Ville  de  I'Orient. 
For  his  conduct  in  the  Endymion,  in 
driving  into  Helvoetsluys  the  Dutch  line 
of  battle  ship  Brutus,  he  was  promoted  to 
a  Lieutenancy  Dec,  13,  1797,  in  the 
Scorpion  16.  After  assisting  at  the  cap- 
ture of  the  Courier  Dutch  brig,  he  removed 
in  Dec.  1798,  to  the  Tamar  frigate,  in 
which  he  came  into  frequent  contact  with 
the  enemy's  gun-boats  off  Algesiras,  and 
assisted  in  capturing  several  privateers. 
On  the  occasion,  particularly,  of  the  cap- 
ture of  the  Scipio  of  18  guns  and  140 
men,  which  surrendered  during  a  heavy 
gale,  he  very  intrepidly  put  off  in  a  boat 
with  only  four  men,  and,  having  boarded 
the  vessel,  succeeded  in  retaining  pof- 
session  of  her  until  the  following  day. 

In  April  1803  he  again  joined  the  En- 
dymion, and  continued  to  serve  in  her  as 
First  Lieutenant,  until  promoted,  on  the 
recommendation  of  his  Captain  the  Hon. 
Charles  Paget,  for  his  conduct  at  the  cap- 
ture of  three  men  of  war  and  two  pri- 
vateers, to  the  command  of  the  Indian 
sloop,  on  the  10th  Oct.  1804.  After 
serving  for  more  than  five  years  on  the 
North  American  station,  he  was  posted  on 
the  loth  of  May,  1810,  into  the  Swift- 
sure  74,  Sir  J.  B.  Warren's  flag-ship, 
from  which  he  removed,  in  the  following 
September,  to  the  Cleopatra  32.  From 
Nov.  1811  to  Sept.  1814,  he  was  Captain 
of  the  Namur  74,  the  flag-ship  of  Sir 
Thomas  Williams  at  the  Nore.  He  was 
next  appointed  to  the   Phoenix  36,  and 


proceeded  to  the  Meditamneaii,  whom, 
on  the  renewal  of  hostilitiea  coaicqnwit 
upon  Bonaparte's  escape  from  Elb^  he 
was  sent,  with  the  UndAiinted  38  tnd 
Garland  22  under  bis  orders,  in  pursoit  of 
a  Neapolitan  squadron,  supposed  to  be  in 
the  Adriatic.  After  the  surrender  of 
Naples  he  was  engaged  in  the  blookide  of 
Brindisi.  He  was  next  despetdied  by 
Lord  Exmouth  in  search  of  a  Vrtnt^ 
squadron  ;  but,  the  cessation  of  hostiUtiei 
supervening,  he  turned  his  attention  to  the 
suppression  of  piracy  in  the  Ardhipelsfo. 
which  he  completely  effected  by  the  cap- 
ture of  two  pirate  vessels  in  the  port  of 
Pavos.  On  the  30th  Feb.  1816,  the 
Phoenix,  through  the  ignoranee  of  her 
pilots,  was  wrecked  during  a  hnrricsne 
near  Smyrna. 

On  the  2nd  June,  1836,  Captain  Ansten 
was  appointed  to  the  Aurora  46,  and  pro- 
ceeded as  second  in  command  to  the 
Jamaica  station,  where  his  exertions  in 
crushing  the  slave  trade  were  attended 
with  much  success.  That  frigate  was  paid 
off  in  Dec.  1828,  having  lost  not  a  dncle 
man  by  sickness  or  otherwise  during  the 
two  years  and  a  half  of  Captain  Austen's 
command.  He  was  immediately  nomi* 
nated  by  Sir  Edw.  Griffith  Colpoys  to 
be  his  flag-Captain  in  the  Winchester  6S, 
on  the  North  American  and  West  India 
station,  where  he  remained  until  obliged 
to  invalid,  from  the  effects  of  a  severe  so* 
cidcnt  in  Dec.  1830. 

On  the  14th  April,  1838,  Capt.  Austen 
was  appointed  to  the  Bellerophon  80,  and 
returned  to  the  Mediterranean,  where  his 
exertions  at  the  bombardment  of  Acro^ 
Nov.  3,  1840,  procured  him  the  Com* 
panionship  of  the  Bath  ;  and  on  the  S8th 
Aug.  1840,  the  good-service  pension  wes 
awarded  to  him.  The  Bellerophon  wm 
paid  off  in  June  1841. 

Captain  Austen  was  advanced  to  the 
rank  of  Rear-Admiral  Nov.  9,  1846.  He 
was  appointed  Commander-in-chief  in  the 
East  indies  in  Jan.  1850,  and  in  the  ex- 
pedition against  Burmah  he  has  at  leng;th 
terminated  his  active  career. 

He  married,  first,  in  1807,  Frsncety 
'  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  J.  6.  Palmer, 
esq.  Attorney-general  of  Bunnuda,  by 
whom  he  had  issue  three  daughters;  of 
whom  Frances-Palmer,  the  third,  married 
her  cousin  Francis  William  Austen,  Com- 
mander R.N.,  son  of  Adm.  Sir  W.  F. 
Austen.  The  Rear-Admiral  married  se- 
condly, in  1820,  Harriet,  second  daugliter 
of  the  late  J.  6.  Palmer,  esq.  (and  sister 
to  his  former  wife),  and  had  issue  two 
sons,  of  whom  the  elder  is  in  the  army, 
and  the  younger,  Charles-John,  is  a  Lien* 
tenant  R.N. 


I 


1659,3    CapU  Johnson, — Capt,  Rohinaon^^^Comm*  Bridg€M*  439 

Caft.  E.  J.  JoHKsorr,  R.N.  F.R.S. 

F(fh,  7.  In  Oxford* terrace,  Hyde  Park» 
iiged  58,  Edward  John  JohaaoD^  esq. 
Captain  R.N.,  F.R.S, 

Captnm  Johnson  was  the  youngett  son 
of  the  I  ale  Rev»  Henry  Johnson  of  By  well, 
in  Nofthtimberlond.  He  entered  the  Navy 
May  1,  1807,  as  tirst-cla*a  volunteer  oo 
board  the  Nasnau  64,  in  which  be  joined 
tbe  eJEpedition  to  Copenhagen,  and  was 
ilightly  wounded  in  March,  1808,  at  the 
destrnction  of  the  Danish  74  Prindta 
Chmtian  Fredric  He  wa*  afterwards 
nudshipman  and  acting  Lieutenant  in  the 
SolehafSS,  Malacca  36,  Ethalion  36,  En- 
djmlon  44,  St  Domingo,  Asia,  and  Ton- 
nant  first* rates.  While  Id  the  Ethalion  he 
served  in  various  catting-out  affdrs,  and 
on  more  than  one  occasion  was  sent  into 
port  as  prize- master.  When  in  the  Ton- 
>  nant«  he  co-operated  on  shore  in  the 
attacks  upon  Washington  and  Ualtiraore, 
and  in  the  hoats  dnrini^  the  expedition 
against  New  Orleans,  From  the  Dragon 
74  be  was  made  Lieutenant  by  commis- 
sion dated  Feb.  S8,  1815. 

On  the  UlthMay,  1818,  he  obtained  an 
appointment  to  the  Shamrock  surrey ing- 
▼easel,  Capt.  Martin  White,  with  which  he 
did  duty  in  the  Channel  and  off  the  coast 
of  Ireland  until  Feb.  1820.  On  the  4th 
March,  WI3t  he  was  promoted  to  the 
command  of  the  Britomart  10,  in  which 
he  remained,  ckieHy  on  the  Lisbon  station, 
until  paid  off  in  iB3I.  He  was  then 
ordered  by  the  Admiralty  to  complete  the 
suTTBy  of  the  Faro«  islands,  a  service  he 
bad  commenced  at  bis  own  ei:pensc  when 
last  on  half- pay. 

In  Oct  1835,  Capt.  Johnson  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Admiralty  to  conduct  cer- 
tain magnetic  experimentii  on  iron  steam - 
vessels  in  the  river  Shannon,  upon  which 
he  made  a  communication  to  the  Royal 
Society,  which  is  printed  in  the  Philoso- 
phical Transactions.  On  the  1 0th  May, 
1836,  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Roval 
Society.  In  1838  he  was  noriiinated  a 
member  of  the  Magnetic  Compaii  Com- 
mittee of  the  Admiralty;  and  on  the  1 4th 
March,  IB42,  he  was  inve&ted  with  the 
superintendence  of  the  Compass  depart- 
ment of  tlje  Royal  Navy* 

Hia  promotion  to  the  rank  of  poet 
Captain  took  place  on  the  27tb  Dec.  1838* 


Capt.  C8Afti.£B  Robinson,  R.N. 

Feb,  3.  At  Greenwich  Hospital,  aged 
87,  Commander  Charles  Robinson,  R.N. 
late  of  Swanmore,  Hants,  the  senior  com-^ 
missioned  officer  of  the  Royal  Navy,  and 
the  senior  CommaDdef  of  Greenwich  Hos- 
pital. 

This  veteran  officer  entered  the  navy  in 
April,  1767 1  at  Captain's  temnt  on  board 


the  Fury,  Captain  Mark  Robinson,  under 
whom,  after  serving  for  more  than  six 
years  on  the  coast  of  North  America,  he 
was  employed  on  the  Home  station  as  mid- 
tbipman  in  the  W^orccster  64,  and  Shrews- 
bury 74,  from  Nov.  1774,  until  made  Lieu- 
tenant, Feb,  12,  1780,  into  the  Terrible, 
attached  to  the  force  in  the  West  Indies. 
He  was  placed  on  half- pay  in  Jtme  of  the 
latter  year,  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
in  Feb.  1781  to  the  Shrewsbnry,  and  in 
March  1782  to  the  Nymph,  in  which 
vessels  he  again,  until  June,  1783,  sen'ed 
on  the  American  and  West  India  stations. 
In  17^('  he  was  appointed  to  theSwiftaure 
74,  Capt.  Sir  James  Wallace,  with  whom 
he  continued,  in  the  oliannel,  until  Oct. 
1791  ;  Jan.  23,  1703,  to  the  Princess 
Royal  98 ,  and  on  the  1 4th  Nov.  following  to 
the  Victory  IDO,  flag-ships  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, where  he  was  present  at  the  occu- 
pation of  Toulon,  On  April  ft,  1794,  he 
was  made  Commander  into  the  Scout  16, 
in  which  he  wss  captured  by  two  French 
frigates,  off*  Bona,  in  the  following  August. 
He  was  restored  to  liberty,  we  believe,  in 
Nov.  1795,  and  did  not  afterwards  go 
afloat. 

He  was  admitted  into  the  Royal  Hos- 
pital at  Greenwich,  Aug.  27,  18-i(*.  One 
of  bis  sons,  Charles  Cowling  Robinson,  is 
a  Lieutenant  R.N.  and  another,  Daniel 
Robinson,  a  First  Lieutenant  R.M.  and  a 
Colonel  in  the  Spanish  service.  Another 
son  is  an  eminent  surgeon-dentist  in  Gower- 
strcct,  London. 

COMMANDKR  J,  H.  BainGcs. 

MwF.  13.  At  Calcutta,  of  Asiatic  cho- 
lera, aged  39,  Commander  James  Henry 
Bridges,  R.N. 

This  zealous  officer  was  tlie  third  son  of 
Sir  Henry  Bridges,  of  Beddington,  Surrey. 
He  commenced  his  career  at  the  age  of 
12  years,  in  the  Ariadne,  Capt.  Adolphus 
Fitzclarence,  under  the  immediate  patronage 
of  the  Duke  of  Clarence  (afterwards  King 
William  IV.).  As  a  midshipman  and  Lieu- 
tenant  he  was  constantly  engaged  in  various 
jwrts  of  the  world,  and  as  gunnery  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Thunderer,  Capt.  M.  F.  F. 
Berkeley,  in  the  year  1840,  he  assisted  in 
all  the  operations  of  the  Syrian  campaign, 
the  bombardment  of  Beyrout,  the  storming 
of  Sidon,  and  the  capture  of  Jean  d'Acre, 
and  received,  with  the  other  officers  en- 
gaged, an  English  and  Tarkiah  medal. 

In  1846  he  went  to  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  as  tiret  Lieutenant  of  the  Brilliant ; 
out  of  which  ship  be  exchanged,  for  the 
lake  of  being  more  actively  employed,  into 
the  Columbine,  commanded  by  Capt,  Grey, 
and  (upon  his  death)  by  Commander  (now 
Captain)  John  Dalrymple  Hay,  together 
with  whom,  aa  hli  firft  Lieatcnant,  be  dii* 


440  Sir  T.  Brancker. —  CoL  Srowne. — Major  Johnson.     [A 


tiaguLsked  bimeelf  in  a  successful  effort  to 
put  down  the  pirates  on  the  coast  of  China. 
Soon  after  his  return  home,  in  185f>,  he 
was  proniot€id  to  the  rank  of  Commander. 
Upon  attaining  this  important  atep>  he 
devoted  himself  for  a  year  to  the  study  of 
ateam  at  the  Royal  Naval  College,  Ports- 
moatby  and  ihen^  unwilling  to  be  without 
employmcntt  nnd  in  the  hope  of  ri*»tug  still 
higher  in  hb  professloat  he  accepted  the 
appoiotment  offered  to  him  of  Admiralty 
Agent,  and  took  charge  of  the  mails,  fit^t 
in  the  Bosphorus  screw  ateiun-sbip  to  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and,  immediately 
upon  hifl  return  from  thencCi  in  tbe  Lady 
Jocelyn,  to  Calcutta,  where  he  died  after 
an  illoe^  of  only  three  days.  Bis  loss  is 
sincerely  felt  by  a  numerous  circle  of  ac- 
quaintance and  friends.  He  was  on  offit^er 
of  mild,  unassuixiing,  and  gentlemcmlilcG 
manners  j  a  favourite  in  every  ihip,  and  a 
friend  in  every  circle. 


Sin  Thomas:  Baaj^ckbe. 

Feb.  13-  At  Liverpool,  in  his  70th 
year,  Sir  Thomas  Brancker^  Knt.  a  Ma- 
gistrate for  Lancashire* 

This  gcniletnan  was  a  sugar-re ^ner  m 
Liverpool  He  wiA  the  eldest  son  of  tbe 
late  Peter  Whitfield  Brancker,  isq-  by 
Hannah,  daughter  of  Jomei  Aspiimllf  esq, 
of  Liverpool.  Hia  father  woa  Mayor  of 
Liverpool  in  1801,  and  tbe  deceased  held 
the  same  office  in  18;il.  The  coronation 
of  his  Majesty  William  IV.  and  Queen 
Adelaide  took  place  that  year^  and  the 
honour  of  knigbtbood  was  conferied  on 
the  then  Mayor  of  Liverpool  on  tbe  occa- 
sion of  bis  presenting  congratubitory  ad- 
dresses to  their  Majesties.  Although  for 
the  last  few  years  he  bad  not  taken  any 
active  or  prominent  j^art  in  municipal 
affairs,  few  men  have  in  their  time  been 
more  mixed  up  with  political  ajid  local 
history. 

He  married,  in  \%V2t  Elissa-Jane,  secood 
fiiuf  hter  of  \^  iiliani  Hill^  esq.  of  DeiitOD> 
GreeOt  Lancasbtrc  ;  and  had  lasue  three 
fiotis  and  ttvo  daughters.  His  eldest  sod 
ji  the  Rev.  Tboraas  Braacker,  M.A.  Fel- 
low of  Wadham  college,  Oiford ;  the 
second,  WiUiam  HUl  Brancker,  esq.  mar- 
ried in  1846  Helen-Grant,  fourth  daugh- 
ter of  Donald  Stewart,  esq.  of  Liiskintyre, 
Hinrla,  N.B. 


Colonel  Dohintcx  Browne. 

Jun.  S.  At  Boulogne,  aged  73|  Domi- 
ittck  Browne,  esq.  of  Browne  hall»  co. 
Mftyo,  a  Deputy -Lieu  tenant  and  Magis- 
trate of  that  county,  and  Lieut.-Colonel  of 
the  Souili  Mayo  Militia. 

He  was  tbe  only  surviving  son  of  James 
Browne,  esq.  hy  Ilouoriai  daughter  of 
Josiah  Siiadwell,  esq«  of  Eyreville,  CO. 
13 


Gal  way,  and  relict  of  John  DoTmellan, 
esq.  of  Bally donnellan  in  the  same  cotmty. 
He  served  the  oflSce  of  Sheriff  of  Mayo  ia 
1821. 

He  metrried  July  26,  1803,  Augusta- 
Louisa,,  youngest  daughter  of  Colooel  the 
Hon.  Arthur  Browne,  second  boq  of  John 
first  Earl  of  Altamont,  and  cousin  to  the 
Marquess  of  Sligo  ;  and  by  that  Ijidy,  who 
died  in  Sept.  1850,  he  had  issue  six  sons, 
1.  James^Arthurr  who  married »  la  1840. 
Emily  .Alice,  second  daughter  of  Arthur 
Browne,  esq.  of  Roxboroagh  ;  2.  tbe  Rev. 
Dominick' Augustus,  in  holy  order*  i  3. 
Arthur,  collector  of  Customs  in  Jamaica ; 
4.  Frederick- William ;  5.  Henry-Augustm, 
harrister-at'law  ;  and  6.  Ed  ward- Geoffrey; 
and  three  daughtera,  Louisa- Margareli 
Honoria- Adelaide,  and  Laura-IsBbelbL 


Major  H.  C.  Johnson. 

F(ih.  19.  At  Mount  Mellick^  in  the 
Queen's  county ^  in  bis  78th  year,  Major 
Henry  Cavendjih  Johnson,  formerly  of  the 
23rd  R.  W.  Pusilecrs. 

Major  JohUvSon  aerted  with  disttaction 
at  the  siege  of  Copenhagen  in  1807,  in 
America  in  1B08,  was  at  the  taking  of 
Martinique  in  1809,  joined  tbe  army  under 
the  Duke  of  Wellington  then  forming  the 
lines  of  Torres  Vedrns,  and  during  the 
Peninsular  campaign  took  part  in  the  fol- 
lowing actions,  Nedinha,  Olivenca,  Albu* 
hera,  Almnada,  Ciodad  Rodrigo,  Aidcft  de 
Ponte,  and  Badajos. 

At  the  siege  of  Badajos,  Miyor  JohDion 
f»*Il  from  the  breach  pierced  with 
gunshot  wounds,  which  prerented  hi«  ^ 
duty  with  his  Regiment  until  1815,  when 
he  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo, 
where  be  was  again  severely  wounded.  In 
1820  he  retired  from  tbe  service  to  tbe 
Queen's  (bis  nati?e)  county,  where  be  for 
many  years  fulfilled  the  duties  of  a  ma- 
gistrate and  country  gentleman ;  and  all 
who  knew  him  bear  testimony  to  tbe  ex- 
celling honour  and  uprightness  of  his 
character,  both  as  a  public  and  private 
individual. 

Kkogwin  Hoskins,  Ebd. 

Dec.  24.  At  Btreh  House,  nisar  Here. 
ford,  aged  7'),  Ked^win  Hoakins,  esq,  ft 
Deputy  Lieutenant  and  magistntte  of  that 
county,  and  formerly  one  of  its  repretentK- 
tives  in  Parliament. 

Mr,  Ho&ktns  WAS  the  only  surrtving  tcm 
of  tbe  Rev.  John  Hoakins,  Rector  of  Cran- 
ford  in   Middlesex,  and   LlaQdinabo,^   co. 
Hereford,  by  his  cousin  Sarah,  daugUl< 
of  Kedgwtn  Uoskins,  esq.  of  NewUnd,  i 
Glouc.  \  and  grandson  of  the  Rev,  Chti« 
tophcr  Hoskins,  Vicar  of  Longbope, 
Glouc.  by  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Rog«r 
esq.  of  Llandinaho. 


1853,]     K*  floskins,  Esq,—E,  Rogers,  Enq.—  W,  Peter,  Esq,      441 


Mr.  Hoalfing  was  fir»t  returned  to  Par- 
Mflment  as  one  of  tlie  meinberd  for  Here- 
fordshire at  Llic  general  election  of  1831, 
when  he  rpplaced,  as  an  atlvorite  tif  Re- 
form, the  former  Tory  member.  Sir  J.  G. 
Cotterell,  Bart.  He  was  reohosen  at  the 
four  subsequent  elections,  the  onTy  contest 
being  in  1 835,  when  he  was  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  poll.  At  the  dissolution  of 
1817  he  retired, 

Mr.  Uoflkins  was  twice  married:  first^on 
the  12th  April  1804,  to  Harriett,  daughter 
of  Willinrti  Elliott,  est],  of  Fawley  Court, 
CO,  Hereford  ;  aod  second ly,  on  the  23  rd 
June  1836,  to  liiijw,  daughter  of  Isaac 
Hajnes,  esq.  of  Ealing  io  Middlesex^ 


Edward  Roceiis,  Esq< 

Dec.  23.  At  Bath,  Edwriird  Rogert,  esq. 
of  Stanage  Park,  co,  Radnor,  a  Deputy 
Lieutenant  and  Mfigktrate  of  the  counties 
of  Salop,  Radnor,  and  Hereford,  LL.B* 
find  harri§ler-nt-lflw,  formerly  M.P.  for 
Bisihop^A  Castle,  and  Major  in  the  Radnor 
militia* 

He  waa  thfl  only  ton  of  Chnrles  Rogers, 
esq.  merchant  of  London  and  alderman  of 
Ludlow  (fifili  son  of  the  Rev.  Edward 
Rogers,  M.A.  of  the  Home,  co.  Salop),  by 
Harriett,  daughter  of  Robert  Heptinstall, 
esq,  of  Houndhitl  hall,  co,  York,  Hit 
fiitiier  was  sheriff  of  Radnorshire  in  1806, 
and  died  in  1 830. 

Mr.  Rogers  was  a  member  of  Emmanuel 
college,  Cambridge,  where  he  took  the 
degree  of  LL.B.  in  1804.  He  was  calkd 
to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  May  «,  lirfO;. 

He  caine  into  Parliament  for  the  bc^ron^h 
of  Bishop*8  Castle  nt  the  general  election 
of  1820,  when  there  was  a  double  return 
of  four  members,  viz.  WilUam  Holmes, 
eaq.  Edward  llogers,  the  Hon.  D.  J,  W, 
Kinnaird,  and  Robert  Knight,  cnq.  for  nil 
of  whom  87  votes  were  recorded.  The 
two  former  were  seated  by  a  committee ; 
and  Mr.  Rogers  sat  also  rwitbout  oppo- 
sition) in  the  three  uubaequent  parliaments, 
nnlil  the  enactment  of  the  Reform  Bill 
He  was  a  Tory  in  politic.^. 

He  married,  first, Sarah-Augusta, daugh- 
ter of  George  W  olff,  esq.  Danish  Cou»al. 
general  in  England;  and  secondly  EHm- 
Casamojor,  second  daughter  of  Henry 
Brown^  esq.  of  the  Madras  civil  service ; 
and  by  the  former  he  had  issue  a  son,  iftho 
bears  hh  fathcr^s  name. 


William  Peter,  Esq. 

Feb,  6,  lu  Phihidclphia,  af^er  a  short 
tllDess,  aged  (iS,  William  Peter,  esq.  of 
IIarlyn,io  Cornwall,  barrigter-at-law.  Her 
Majesty's  Consul  for  Pennsylvania,  a  de* 
puty  lieutenant  and  magihtrttte  of  Corti- 
wsll,  and  deputy  warden  of  llic  Stanneries. 

Gknt.  Mag.  Vol.  X\.\1X. 


He  was  born  on  the  22d  March,  I7>i8, 
the  eldest  «on  of  Henry  Peter,  esq.  of 
Harlyn,  for  many  years  Colonel  of  the  Royal 
Cornwall  regiment  of  ft! ililia,  who  died  in 
1821,  by  Anna-Maria,  yount^est  daughter 
of  Thomas  Rous,  esq.  of  Piercefield,  co. 
Monmouth. 

Mr,  Peter  was  a  member  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  where  he  giudonted  B.A. 
1807,  M.A.  1800.  He  was  called  to  the 
bar  by  the  Hnnble.  Society  of  Lincoln's 
Inn  on  the  2Bth  May,  1813.  Affer  a  few 
years  he  retuir.ed  to  his  native  county, 
settling  donn  at  the  seat  of  his  fore* 
fathers,  and  dividing  his  time  betweeu 
literary  and  domeatic  pleasures,  and  the 
discharge  of  those  magisterial  and  other 
duties  attached  to  the  life  of  an  English 
country  gentleman.  He  was  for  many 
years  one  of  the  cbairmeo  of  the  Cornwall 
Quarter  Sessiona. 

In  183*3,  after  the  Reform  Act  had 
enlorged  the  constitweucy,  he  was  returned 
to  parliament  for  Bodmin.  The  borough 
was  contested  by  three  candidates,  all  of 
Liberal  politics,  and  Mr.  Peter  was  re- 
turned at  the  head  of  the  poll,  which  ler- 
miridted  as  follows — 

William  Peter,  esq.  ,     171 

Samuel  Thomas  Spry,  esq.    114 
Capt.  C.  C.  Vivian  .     I0<j 

After  the  dissolution  in  Jan,  183(>  Mr. 
Peter  did  not  agtiin  appear  as  a  candiduti;; 
bnt  shortly  after  he  withdrew  to  the  Con- 
tinent, holding  for  a  portion  of  ihat  time 
a  coiisulyr  appointment,  and  he  improved 
his  opportunities  of  acquaintance  with  emi* 
nent  pesrsone  by  forming  many  intimate 
associationi^  with  the  most  distinguished 
contemporary  scholars  and  men  of  leain- 
ing*  lu  1840  he  was  appointed  Her 
Britanuic  Majesty's  Consul  for  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  he  has  since  resided  in  PhiU- 
del  phi  a. 

Mr.  Peter  was  an  excellent  scholar,  and 
published  tran!$lutions  of  the  Prometheus 
of  j'Eschylus;  of  Schiller's  Williurn  Ttdl, 
Maid  of  Orleans,  Mary  Stuart,  and  Battle 
with  the  Dragons ;  of  Manzoni^s  Fifth  nf 
May,  &c.  One  of  his  latest  publicatioos 
wasi  a  cullection  of  his  minor  pieces  in 
verse,  oiiginiil  and  translated.  In  1847 
he  published  in  Philadelphia,  **  Specimens 
of  the  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Greece  and 
Rome,"  coinpriisiug  the  most  thorouii^h 
and  satisfactory  popular  summary  of  an- 
cient poetry  ever  made  in  the  English 
tati{ruage»  Besides  numerous  writings  on 
contemporary  politics,  he  published  in 
England  a  Memoir  of  hiii  friend  Sir  Saninid 
Ruinilly. 

He  married  Jan.  12,  1811,  Frances, 
only  daughter  of  John  Thomas,  esq.  of 
Chiverton,  in  Cornwall;  and  bv  that  lady* 
3  L 


mam 


442 


Dr.  Latham.^Rev.  Francis  Hodgson,  B.D. 


[April, 


who  died  in  1836,  he  had  issue  six  sons : 
1.  John-Thomas- Henry,  born  1812;  2. 
WilUam-Rous,  died  1834;  3.  Robert- 
Godolphin  ;  4.  George  -  Francis-Carew ; 
5.  Algernon  ;  6.  Granville- Carminow,  died 
1833 ;  and  three  daughters,  Frances-Mary, 
Anna-Maria,  and  Ellen-Jane,  who  died  in 
1834. 

Mr.  Peter  was  remarried  about  seven 
years  ago  to  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
women  in  American  society,  Mrs.  King, 
daughter  of  Governor  Worthington  of 
Ohio,  and  daughter-in-law  of  the  Hon. 
Rufus  King  of  New  York. 

In  the  private  life  of  Philadelphia  there 
have  been  few  greater  attractions  in  this 
period  than  were  offered  by  his  genial  con- 
versation, eminently  rich  in  reminiscences 
of  celebrated  persons,  in  criticism,  and 
sensible  observations  on  affairs  and  the 
chief  subjects  of  every-day  speculation. 


the  King's  Bench.  In  1839  he  mutained 
a  most  severe  loss  in  the  deoeMe  of  hit 
excellent  and  accomplished  wife ;  and  this 
was  followed  by  the  death  of  his  eldest 
son,  John  Henry  Latham,  a  youth  of  dis- 
tinguished chissical  attainments  and  rare 
promise. 

Three  of  his  children  survive  him, — 
George- William,  now  of  Bradwall  Hall, 
M.A.  and  barrister-at-law;  Francis-Law; 
and  Mary-Frances,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Am- 
brose Jones,  M.A.  Incumbent  of  Eiworth, 
Cheshire. 

The  remains  of  the  deceased  were  in- 
terred in  the  family  burial  place  at  his 
parish  church  of  Sandbach,  on  the  third 
of  February. 


John  Latham,  Eso.  D.C.L. 

Jan.  30.  At  his  seat,  Bradwall  Hall, 
Cheshire,  of  hydrothorax,  aged  65,  John 
Latham,  esq.  D.C.L.  an  acting  magistrate 
of  that  county. 

Mr.  Latham  was  born  at  Oxford,  March 
18,  1787,  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late 
John  Latham,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  sometime 
President  of  the  Royal  College  of  Phy- 
sicians, and,  as  a  coheir  of  the  Cheshire 
families  of  Mere  and  Ardcrne,  derived  ma- 
ternally a  recorded  descent  from  most  of 
the  ancient  houses  of  that  palatinate.  He 
was  admitted  of  Brasenose  college,  Oxford, 
in  1803,  and  during  his  residence  there 
he  obtained  the  Chancellor's  prize  for  his 
Latin  poem  on  the  subject  of  Trafalgar  in 
1806.  It  may  be  added  that  the  same 
honour  was  awarded  in  1809  and  1812  to 
the  several  and  successive  prize  poems  of 
his  two  younger  brothers,-  namely  Dr. 
Latham,  now  of  Grosvenor-street,  and  the 
Rev.  Henry  Latham,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Fittle- 
worth,  in  Sussex,  then  resident  members 
of  the  same  college.  The  same  three 
brothers,  in  1844  joined  in  the  presenta- 
tion of  a  memorial  window  to  the  parish 
church  of  Sandbach,  in  remembrance  of 
their  departed  parents. 

In  1806  Mr.  Latham  was  elected  a 
Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College,  Oxford,  and 
afterwards  proceeded  B.C. L.  1810,  D.C.L. 
1815.  He  came  into  possession  of  his 
Cheshire  estates  on  the  demise  of  his 
father,  April  20,  1843  ;  and  after  this,  to 
the  close  of  his  life,  he  continued  resident 
at  his  paternal  seat,  discharging  his  duty 
as  a  county  magistrate,  and  taking  an 
active  interest  in  the  educational  and  cha- 
ritable trusts  of  liis  neighbourhood. 

Mr.  Latham  married,  on  the  24 th  May 
1821,  Elizabeth- Anne,  eldest  daughter  of 
Sir  Henry  Dampier,  one  of  the  justices  of 


Rev.  Francis  Uodoson,  B.D. 

Dec.  29.  At  his  lod^,  in  the  7Sd  year 
of  his  age,  the  Rev.  Francis  Hodgson, 
B.D.  Provost  of  Eton  College,  and  Rector 
of  Cottesford,  Oxfordshire. 

Mr.  Hodgson  was  the  son  of  the  Rer. 
James  Hodgson,  M.A.  Rector  of  Humber, 
CO.  Hereford,  by  Jane,  second  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  Richard  Coke,  Vicar  of  Eardisley, 
in  that  county. 

He  was  educated  at  Eton,  where  his 
tutors  were  the  Rev.  John  Roberts  and 
Dr.  Keate,  both  afterwards  Head  Master. 
He  was  elected  in  1799  to  King's  college, 
Cambridge,  where  he  graduated  B.A.  1804^ 
and  M.A.  1»07  ;  and  was  tutor  to  Mr. 
Lambton  (afterwards  Earl  of  Darham) 
and  his  brothers.  In  1807  he  returned  to 
Eton  as  an  Assistant  Master,  bat  resigned 
in  the  same  year. 

While  at  Cambridge  he  formed  an  inti- 
macy with  the  late  Lord  Byron,  eqnallj 
honourable  to  both,  and  which  was  only 
put  an  end  to  by  the  death  of  the  noble 
poet.  Lord  Byron  not  only  regarded  Mr. 
Hodgson  with  great  affection,  but  enter* 
tained  a  very  high  opinion  of  his  intel* 
lectual  endowments.  This  opinion  was 
justified  by  several  poetic  works  subae* 
quently  published  by  the  deceased ;  in  par* 
ticular,  by  a  translation  of  Juvenal  (in  4ta 
1808),  a  volume  entitled  Lady  Jane  Grey, 
with  Miscellaneous  Poems  in  English  and 
Latin,  1809,  8vo.,  and  Sir  Edgar,  a  Tale, 
in  two  Cantos,  1810.  In  his  later  days 
he  made  considerable  cootributions  in  Laan 
to  the  Arundines  Cami — a  collection  of 
poems  in  Latin  and  Greek,  which  was  the 
successful  and  very  popular  forerunner  of 
two  other  beautiful  works  of  similar  cha- 
racter— the  Anthologia  Oxoniensis  and  Sa- 
brinse  Corolla.  He  also  published  several 
books  with  the  view  of  Erecting  the  stu- 
dents of  Eton  in  the  art  of  versificatioii, 
which  has  so  long  been  the  boast  of  that 
schooL  We  add  the  titles  of 
some  earlier  productions  : — 


1853.] 


Obituary, — John  Philip  Dyotu  Esq. 


4m 


I 


I 


I 


I 


A  transUtioii  of  Twelve  Books  of  Chikrle- 
magne,  oa  PEnlise  Delivr<^*e,  an  Epic  Poem 
fay  LucieD  Buonaparte,  the  other  twelve 
beiag  translated  by  Dr,  Butler.   1815> 

The  Friends  :  a  Poem,  in  fouir  Books. 
1318.  ISmo.  (Dedicated  to  Ihe  Duke  of 
Rutland.) 

Mytbology  for  Versification j  or,  a  brief 
Sketch  of  the  Fahks  of  the  AiicicntSi  pre- 
pared to  be  rendered  into  Latin  versi*. 
(Four  editioni,) 

Select  portions  of  Sacred  Uistorji  oou- 
veyed  in  sense  for  Latin  Veraes.  (Three 
editions.) 

Sacred  Lyrics ;  or,  Extrscta  from  tlio 
Prophetical  and  otler  Scriptures  of  the 
Old  Testa  in  en  t ;  adapted  to  Latin  Vertifi- 
Cdtion,  in  the  principal  tnetres  of  Horace. 
1842.  t2n]0.     (Dedicated  to  Dr.  Keate.) 

LyriGorum  Sacrorum,  stve  ex  Pro- 
pheticis  et  nliia  Veteris  TestAmenti  libris 
cxrerptorum,  Clavis  Metrica.   iHnO,    8?o. 

In  I81(j  Mr.  Hod^^on  was  presented  by 
the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Lichfield  to  the 
vicarage  of  Bakcwell  in  Derbyshire,  and 
in  1836  he  was  appointed  Archdeacon  of 
Derby.  The  latter  preferment  he  resigned 
in  1840,  We  believe  lie  al?*o  held  for  some 
time  the  donative  chapel ry  of  E denser,  in 
the  gift  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire. 

In  March  1840  he  was  elected  Provost 
of  Eton  by  the  FeMows,  ou  her  Majesty's 
recominendation;  and  shortly  after  he  be- 
came Rector  of  Cottesford,  one  of  the 
livings  attached  to  Eton, 

Mr.  Hodgson  was  a  scholar  of  sound 
and  accurate  judgment,  and  of  delicate  and 
refined  taste.  As  a  man,  he  was  remark- 
able for  benevolence  and  Hingular  kindneu 
of  heart r  As  a  friend,  be  wan  no  less 
worthy  of  admiration  for  warmth  and  ain- 
cerity  of  affection.  His  health  had  been 
viaibty  declining  some  time  past ;  about 
ten  days  before  his  death  he  was  attacked 
with  erysipelas  in  tlie  head,  which  from 
the  first  assumed  an  alarming  character. 

Mr.  Hodgson  was  twice  married.  His 
fijit  wife  was  Miss  Tayler,  sister  to  Mr. 
Frederick  Tayler,  an  admirable  painter  in 
water-colours  ;  she  died,  leaving  no  child. 
He  married  secondly,  May  3^  183B,  the 
Hon.  Elizabeth  Denmnnv  eldest  daughter 
of  Lord  Chief  Justice  Denman*  She  sor- 
Tives  him,  with  five  children. 

The  body  of  the  late  Provost  was  depo- 
sited in  the  same  vault  in  Eton  College 
chapel  in  which  lie  the  remains  of  Provost 
Goodall  and  the  late  Marquess  Wellesley. 
His  funeral  oo  the  4th  Jan.  was  attended 
by  his  eoosio  and  brother-in-law  the  Rev. 
George  Coke  aa  chief  mourner,  by  his 
nephew  George  Fraucia  Coke,  esq.  the 
Hon,  Capt.  Denmao,  the  Rev.  Henry 
Taylor,  the  Hon.  George  Dcnmanf  Captain 
Holland,  H.  Merivale,  caq.  and  Thomas 


A.  Soley ,  esq.  and  by  several  of  the  FeUows 
of  Eton,  the  two  Masters  and  several  As- 
sistant Masters  of  the  School. 


John  Philip  Dyott,  Esq. 

Fffb>  9.  After  a  short  illness,  aged  86, 
John  Philip  Dyott,  esq.  of  Lichfield. 

Few  men  who  have  attained  the  ad* 
vanced  age  of  fourscore  years  and  six  have 
left  this  world  more  beloved  by  his  family 
and  regretted  by  a  very  large  circle  of 
friends  and  acquaintance  than  the  late  Mr. 
Philip  Dyott.  This  lamented  gentleman^ 
who  was  born  on  the  2nth  of  April,  1765, 
was  the  youngest  son  of  Richard  Dyott, 
esq,  of  Freeford,  near  Lichfield,  by  Katha- 
rine,  daughter  of  William  Herrick,  esq. 
of  Beaumauor  Park,  l^icei<tershire,  and 
brother  of  the  late  General  William  Dyott, 
Colonel  of  the  63rd  Regiment* 

In  1783  he  was  articled  to  Mr.  Wolford 
of  Banbury  to  lesrn  the  profession  of  the 
Iaw^  and,  after  the  usual  course  of  London 
study  in  the  oflice  of  old  Mr.  Baxter,  Mr. 
Dyott  commeoced  practice  in  Lichfield, 
where  a  long  line  of  ancestors  bad  resided 
for  several  centuries,  and  for  many  gene- 
ration !i  had  represented  that  ancient  city 
in  Parliament. 

In  early  life  Mr.  Dyott  lost  his  father, 
sind  "  Squire  Richard,'*  the  eldest  son, 
went  to  reside  at  the  family  residence  at 
Freeford,  whose  halls  were  open  to  the 
most  unbounded  hospitality. 

It  was  about  the  year  1797  that  the 
Sudbury  Hunt  was  formed,  the  late  Sir 
Robert  Lawley,  Mr.  afterwards  Lord  An» 
son,  Lord  Vernon,  Mr.  George  Sedley, 
and  Mr.  George  Talbot,  being  among  its 
earliest  members.  Of  this  famous  club 
Mr,  Philip  Dyott  was  one  of  the  most 
active  promoters  \  he  acted  as  honorary 
secretary  to  it,  and  upon  its  termination 
he  was  presented  with  a  gold  and  silver 
inkstand  of  exquisite  workmanship. 

At  thi!!  time  Lichfield  and  its  neigh- 
bourhood WAS  a  vortex  of  gaiety  and 
fashion,  The  sparkling  ioiriet  of  Misa 
Seward,  the  Hunt  balls  at  the  George,  and 
the  parties  at  Swinfen,  drew  together  all 
the  wits  of  the  day  and  the  nobility  of 
the  county.  Nothing  was  complete  with- 
out Mr.  Dyott.  He  became  the  warm 
and  cheerful  companion  of  the  late  Sir 
Robert  Lawley  (afterwards  Lord  Wen- 
lock),  Sir  Robert  Williams,  Mr.  Theo- 
philus  and  his  brother  Tom  Levett,  Mr. 
Prinsep  of  Croxall,  Mr.  Inge  of  Thorpe, 
Mr.  Floyer  of  Hints,  John  Swinfen,  Sir 
Joseph  Scott,  Sir  Nigel  Grcsley.  He  was 
the  constant  gueat  of  his  old  friend  the  late 
Marquess  of  Donegal]  at  Pisherwicki  and 
it  was  his  great  pride  that  he  retained  io 
the  last  hour  of  his  life  the  high  regard  and 
friendihip  of  die  Marquess  of  Anglesey. 


E 


444  Odituahv* — J.  Miiiiti  Biff, — G\  Gregortf,  MJ),        \_A]^nl^ 


■ 


111  I80:i  Mr.  Dyott  rccetved  tho  ap- 
pointment of  Deputy- Lieu  tenant  of  tho 
county  from  the  late  Lord  Uxhddgc,  and 
was  iimde  CaptaiD  of  a  company  in  the 
Lichfield  Voiumteers  by  sign  roaaual  of 
King  George  the  Third.  In  1803  he 
accepted  a  Captain's  commission  in  tho 
Local  Militia,  and  w^ut  with  hia  company 
to  Derby  and  Warwick,  and  in  1813  he 
sat  down  to  the  more  peaceable  practice  of 
his  profession  of  the  law. 

Mr*  Dyott  was  upwards  of  fifty  years  a 
memberof  the  Corporation  of  Lichfield;  he 
served  the  office  of  High  Bailifl"  (or  Mayor) 
three  tinieSj  and  that  of  Jnoior  Bailiff 
twice.  He  was  a  lru*itee  of  several  of  the 
public  trusts  in  that  city,  aiid  had  been 
aeveral  times  Under-sheriff  of  the  county 
of  Sti^ord  and  Lichfield. 

As  a  lawyefr  he  wus  of  the  old  school, 
painstaking,  quiet,  sound,  and  "honest; '" 
and  perhaps  there  were  few  men  more 
universally  known  or  respected  in  the  pro- 
feWion.  His  conviviality  and  generosity 
were  proverhiaL  For  nearly  sixty  yeara 
he  was  the  chairman  or  guest  of  every 
public  fcfitival  in  Lichfield.  With  the  most 
dia interested  action  and  conciliatory  inan- 
nera,  he  had  the  kitJtU'^t  heart  and  un- 
boynded  liberality,  a  sincere  friend,  and  a 
perfect  gentleman.  Politics  he  abhorred  ; 
"Church  ond  Queen'*  iraa  his  motto; 
and  the  narrowness  of  party  feeling  and 
prejudice  were  unknown  to  him.  Ilia 
remains  were  buded  at  night  in  the  family 
vault  at  St.  Mary's  Church. 

Mr«  Dyott  has  left  a  son  (who  has  alaci 
been  Mayor  of  Lichfield  two  yenrs  in  sue* 
cession)  and  two  daughterB,  who  may  long 
t:herieli  the  memory  of  a  fond  parent^  and 
the  bright  example;  of  an  honoured  and 
much  esteemed  citistey. 


John  Mii.Ls,  Esq. 
Feb,   ^i      At    {\\^    reaidencc,    in    St, 
George Vplaccr  Brighton,  tgcd  85,  John 
Mills,  esq. 

Mr,  Mill*  wai  for  many  yean  the  prin- 
cipal proprietor  ond  manager  of  the  Old 
Bank  in   that  town^  which  cJirried  on  it:j 
business  in  North  street  from  I7f)6  up  lo 
1825- Jt> — the  period  of  the  panic.  Among 
the  Lomton  houses  which  then  gave  way 
I  urere  the  London  agents  of  the  Did  Bnnk 
i  (Sir  John  Ferringj   Bart.«   Shaw,  Barber, 
land  Co.),  and  Mr.  Mills  deemed  it  prii' 
I  dent  to  wind  up  its  affairs  and  ascertain  its 
ftitutttion.     This  waa  fouud  to  be  most 
I  Bat  is  factory.    Business  had  been  conducted 
[with  e^uch  prudence  and  judgment  that  not 
[only  was  the  bank  solvent,  but  in  a  situa- 
tion to  renew  business  with  a  high  chajac- 
icT,    Thi»,  however,  Mr.  MiiU  declined  to 
do,  though   strongly  solicited,     tic  also 
rcfuicd  to  accept  any  tribute  of  the  public 


estimation  of  his  honourable  conduct,  prof- 
fered to  him  a*  a  meeting  of  the  creditor*, 
at  the  BURgestion  of  Sir  M.  L  Tierney, 
Bart,  on  the  principle  that  **  he  bad  only 
done  his  duty;''  but  retired  into  private 
life  upon  the  honourable  competence  he 
had  earned  by  his  talent*  and  industry. 

Throughout  his  life  Mr,  Mills  held  libe- 
ral but  not  extreme  political  opinions, 
thotigh  he  never  took  an  active  part  in  the 
polilies  of  the  borough  of  Brighton.  He 
declined  to  sit  upon  the  Beoch,  and  even- 
tually,  for  the  same  reason,  resigned  hi« 
office  as  Com  mi  5510  ner  of  the  Property  aad 
Income  Tax,  vix.,  his  repugnance  to  the 
infliction  of  pain  or  pnnLshment  on  hia 
fellow-men.  He  was  a  man  of  kind  and 
strong  sympathies,  and  his  meana  were 
drawn  upon  most  liberally  on  behalf  of  the 
deserving  and  the  ueceesitoua.  He  took 
an  active  and  most  useful  part  in  the 
management  of  many  local  chariticf. 
and  his  name  has  long  been  connected 
with  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  t!»ciii — 
the  Sussex  and  Brighton  Inlirmciry  for 
Diie:i»es  of  tho  Eye,  the  mem  ben  of 
which  lately  subsnribed  a  large  sum  tor  his 
portrait,  as  a  testimonial  of  their  sense  of 
his  services  as  treasurer.  It  was  painted 
by  Mr.  William  Buckler^  of  Orchard- 
street,  Portman*  square. 

Mr.  Mills  was  a  man  of  icfJeiible  in- 
tegrity, and  had  abilities  which  fitted  bini 
for  the  most  intricate  afTairs,  Hia  quick* 
ness  of  ptrccptioo,  the  ea*e  with  which 
he  UTiravcllcd  the  most  complicated  qiiea- 
tions,  and  his  strong  common  sense,  were 
singularly  remarkable.  He  was  constantly 
in  reijuisttion  3a  an  arbitrator,  and  such 
were  his  admirable  tact,  conciliatory  din- 
position,  and  pleasing  manners,  that  he 
scarcely  ever  failed  in  the  difficult  task  of 
satistying  both  parties.  He  retained  to  hia 
extreme  age  full  pos^ssion  of  that  dear 
intellect,  that  strong  judgment,  au«l  tnti> 
mate  knowledge  of  the  human  character^ 
which  mnj'ked  him  through  life. 

Mr-  Mills  married  in  1808  Maria,  widow 
of  William  Henry  Henwood,  esq,  Tbia 
lady  survived  her  husband  only  three  days, 
wheu  she  died  »t  Brighton,  aged  seventy • 
eight.  She  had  no  childrca  by  Mr.  MilU; 
but  has  lift  by  her  former  hushcind  one; 
son^  and  a  daughter,  the  wife  of  Jamea 
HuUins  Pickford,  e^q,  M.D,  of  Brightuti. 


Georgk  Gascory,  M.D.  F.R.$* 
Jan.  2&.  In  Camden- square,  George 
Gregory,  M.D.,  Fellow  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  of  the  Royal  Society, 
physician  to  the  Sm all* pox  and  Vaccina- 
tion llos'pital,  and  to  the  Adult  Orphau 
llospitaL 

He  took  his  degree  aa  a  doctor  of  me* 
dicine  at  the  untv«rtity  of  Edinburgh  iti 


18530 


leoFureif,  JBsq, — •/,  Lmvrence^  Jun,  Es^j* 


445 


I 


I 


I8llf  andy  after  practbmg  some  time  m 
Londou,  vim  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Physicians  in  1B3?.  He  was 
Uie  author  of  several  Taluable  medical 
treaiUes  oti  eo^all-pox  and  vnccinalioti, 
lectures  on  eruptive  fevers.tnd  tbe  elements 
of  mcdicim*,  &c.  He  wa^  for  some  time 
one  of  the  lecturers  ou  tlie  theory  and 
practice  of  medicine  at  St.  Thomas *8  Hoa- 
pitalj  and  \m  work  m  this  department  of 
loedical  science  has  been  so  much  valued 
tbat  it  1ms  passed  through  B!j:cdltious,aiid 
lias  been  moat  favourably  received  in 
America  and  in  tbti  Enst  Indies^  and  is 
still  regarded  ns  the  text-book  of  many  of 
our  army  and  navy  medical  officers. 

William  CleobuekYj  Esq, 

Feb.  7.  In  hb  Cist  year,  William 
Cleoburey,  esq,  surgeon  to  the  Rnddiffe 
Infirmary,  and  consultiog  surgeon  to  the 
Littlemore  and  Warneford  Asylums. 

lie  waii  apprenticed  to  Mr.  Short  of 
Bedford,  one  of  the  surgeooa  to  the  In- 
firmary there,  and  completed  his  studies 
at  St.  BaTlholomew's  Hospital,  where  he 
was  a  dresser  under  Sir  Charles  Blickc, 
He  passed  the  College  of  Surgeons  iu 
1813,  and,  having  settled  at  Oxford,  was 
in  IRlo  elected  surgeon  to  the  Radrliffe 
Infirmary,  the  duties  of  which  office  he 
discharged  with  exempbry  uprightness 
till  Within  a  few  weeks  of  his  death.  On 
the  grant  of  the  new  Charter  to  the  Col- 
lege of  Surgeons  iu  1843,  his  position 
and  reputation  obtained  for  him  a  place  in 
the  first  list  of  the  new  class  of  Fel- 
lows created  under  the  provisions  of  that 
Charter. 

Mr.  Clcoburey  during  hia  whole  career 
maintained  a  high  reputation.  His  opera- 
tions on  the  eye  were  beautifully  and 
skilfully  executed,  and  remarkably  suc- 
cessful. He  was  a  good  atiatomiat  ;  tiiH; 
diagnosis  was  cautiously  formed ;  and  of 
its  gemrral  correctness  it  is  suffieieut  to 
say  that  his  colleagues  have  not  recorded 
a  case  where  his  opinion  was  erroneous. 
During  35  years  few,  if  any,  operations 
were  performed  at  the  Infirmary  without 
his  presence  and  assistance.  Residing 
near  the  housCf  he  was  generally  selected 
by  hi«  eolleaguea  to  supply  their  places 
when  absent  \  and  at  wJiutever  inconve- 
nient hour  an  additioual  head,  or  an  ad- 
ditional hand  was  required,  everybody 
looked  to  Mr.  Cleoburcy  to  supply  it. 

Ah  an  oMcer  of  a  large  ohmritahle  insti. 
tation,  dispenaing  its  beneftts  to  numerous 
poor,  his  conduct  to  the  patients  wiu 
kind  and  benevolent  in  the  extreme ;  no 
harsh  or  unkind  word  ever  escaped  from 
hii  lips ;  and  perhaps  few  hoS|»itnl  sur- 
geons have  descended  to  the  grave  hav- 
ing made  a  more  houourable  use  of  their 


talents  and  experience,  and  having  done 
more*  positive  good  in  their  day,  than  Mr. 
C  k  o  bu  rey .  —  Odjord  Herald. 

John  Lawrence,  Jetn.  Esa. 

Oct  20.  At  Brighton,  after  a  short  and 
severe  illness,  aged  S^^  John  Low  re  nee, 
jun.  esq.  surgeon  to  the  Sussex  County 
Hospital. 

This  much  esteemed  member  of  the  me- 
dical profession  was  tbe  only  son  of  John 
Lawrence,  esq,  a  practitioner  long  esta- 
blished at  Brighton,  and  still  lu  eitensive 
practice  there.  He  received  hia  profes- 
sional education  at  St,  Bartholomew's 
Hospital ;  was  admitted  a  member  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons  on  the  -Ith  Dec, 
1835*  and  a  licentiate  of  the  Society  of 
Apothecaries  about  the  same  time.  He 
was  shortly  after  elected  house-surgeon  of 
St.  Bartholomew's  Hospitult  the  duties  of 
«'hich  office  he  performed  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  surgiciil  staff ;  after 
which  he  repaired  to  Brighton,  and,  in 
partnership  with  his  father^  toon  obtaiiied 
the  confidence  of  his  patients^  and  becom- 
ing distinguished  for  his  ability  as  an  ope- 
rator, was  elected  surgeon  to  tbe  Su:isex 
County  Hospital,  and  there  had  numerous 
opportunities  of  showing  his  skill. 

Mr,  Lawrence  was  as  great  a  favourite 
in  private  society,  from  the  liveliness  of 
his  temper  and  the  sociabihty  of  his  dis- 
position*  as  he  was  in  his  jjracticc  from 
the  exteut  of  bi^  professional  reputation. 
He  was  unmarried. 


Mr.  Epwaru  UEoiroKD  Fnic£,  F.S.A. 

Nov,  9.  In   I^ndon,  in  his  4jth  yearg 
Mr.  Edward  Ikdrord  Price,  F.S.A. 

He  was  bnrn  on  the  24th  Oct.  I808« 
His  father,  John  Price,  was  son  of  Mr. 
John  Price,  who  is  believed  to  have  been 
a  native  of  Angleaea,  and  who  held  the 
offices  of  clerk  and  surveyor  of  the  Middle 
Temple  up  to  the  time  of  hU  death,  which 
took  place  about  the  year  1776.  Mr,  Price 
lost  his  father  before  he  had  readied  his 
ninth  year,  and  not  long  after,  namely,  in 
1818,  on  the  presentation  of  Alderman 
Lee,  he  was  admitted  to  Christ's  Hospital, 
After  two  years'  preliminary  iu*tructian  ut 
the  Hertford  branch,  he  entered  the  Lon- 
don school  in  March,  1820,  where  he  re 
mained  until  April,  1823.  He  always  felt 
a  strong  attachment  to  bis  Alma  M&ler, 
almost  within  the  shadow  of  which  he  en- 
tered into  commercial  pursuits,  and  conti- 
nued to  reside  until  the  time  of  his  decease. 
His  reminiscences  of  his  schooL-dayi  were 
vivid  and  interesting;  and  as  an  '*  Old 
Blue  ^*  he  was  much  esteemed  by  his  con- 
temporaries. He  was  an  assiduous  col- 
lector of  wfaatev er  related  to  this  portion  of 
his  life,  even  down  to  the  bumble  trencher 


ik 


446 


Mr.  E.  B.  Price,  P.S.A.—P.  Skoherl,  Esq. 


CApril, 


and  piggin  from  which  he  took  his  meals; 
and  he  left  behind  him  a  highly  illastrated 
and  annotated  copy  of  TroUope's  History 
of  the  Establishment,  which  would  furnish 
valuable  materials  for  any  future  edition  of 
that  work.  At  an  early  period  the  study 
of  antiquities  engaged  his  attention,  and 
his  educational  attainments,  which  were 
of  a  respectable  order,  coupled  with  great 
general  intelligencs,  directed  by  good  taste, 
and  animated  by  extraordinary  zeal  and 
perseverance,  ultimately  rendered  him  an 
accomplished  archaeologist.  All  his  jour- 
neys, whether  of  business  or  pleasure,  were 
associated  with  this  retrospective  taste,  and 
he  seldom  returned  home  without  some 
interesting  addition  to  liis  sketch-book  or 
his  museum.  His  tastes  led  him  more 
])articularly  to  the  Roman  department  of 
the  science,  and  in  liis  investigations  rela- 
tive to  Roman  London  he  was  the  constant 
and  valuable  coadjutor  of  his  friend  Mr. 
Roach  Smith,  liis  collection  of  antiqui- 
ties includes  some  choice  specimens  of 
early  and  medieval  art ;  and  wc  learn  with 
regret  that  this  collection,  the  result  of  so 
much  well-directed  intelligence  and  labour, 
is  destined  to  dispersal  by  the  hammer  of 
the  auctioneer.  It  is  advertised  for  sale, 
by  Messrs.  Puttick  and  Simpson,  on  the 
7th  of  April. 

Mr.  Price  made  many  communications 
to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  relating  to 
London  antiquities.  In  the  formation  of 
the  British  Archeeological  Association  he 
took  a  lively  interest,  and  was  among  the 
earliest  of  its  members.  The  earlier  volumes 
of  the  journal  of  that  body  contain  several 
valuable  communications  from  his  pen.  He 
was  a  constant  attendant  at  the  ordinary 
meetings  as  well  as  the  earlier  annual  con- 
gresses of  the  Associntion,  and  for  some 
time  a  member  of  its  council.  In  April, 
iKf)!,  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Antiquaries.  Although  he  never 
issued  any  independent  publication,  he 
made  collections  ui)On  various  antiquarian 
subjects,  and  was  ever  ready,  either  with 
his  pen  or  his  etching-needle,  to  assist  his 
friends  in  tiieir  researches.  Without  any 
great  pretensions  to  artistic  skill,  every 
line  ot  his  sketches  bore  the  impress  of 
fidelity  and  truth.  Perhaps  his  greatest 
failing  was  his  over-sensitiveness  of  real  or 
imagined  injury,  and  of  the  semblance  of 
an  infraction  of  the  laws  of  honour  and 
justice,  which,  coupled  in  the  later  years 
of  his  life  with  great  {diysical  debility,  im- 
parted to  him  on  some  occasions  an  irrita- 
bility of  demeanour  that  clouded  the  real 
aiuiabilty  and  benevolence  of  his  nature. 
His  corporeal  frame,  which  was  always 
weakly,  had  long  been  menaced  with  that 
"  slow  living  death  *'  consumption,  which 
ultimately,  with  its  usotl  changeful  tymp- 


toms,  brought  him,  after  lome  montha  qf 
iafferiog,  amidat  altematuma  of  hope  tad 
fear,  to  his  end. 

He  married,  in  1834,  a  aiater  of  Gkorgc 
Felton  Matbew,  a  friend  of  Keats,  to  whom 
that  true  but  unfortanate  poet  dedicatat 
one  or  two  of  his  prettiest  aonneta.  Tbia 
lady  and  five  children  (the  eldest  of  whoa 
inherits  his  father*i  tastes)  anrriTe  to  de- 
plore their  irreparable  loss. 

Frrdkrick  Sbobbrl,  Sbn. 

March  5,  At  his  residence,  in  Thistle 
Grove,  Bromptoo,  Frederick  Shoberl,  esq. 

This  gentleman  was  bom  in  London,  ia 
1775,  and  educated  at  the  school  of  the 
United  Brethren  (commonly  called  Mora- 
vians) at  Fulneck,  near  Leeds,  Yorkshire. 
His  name  is  intimately  identified  with  the 
literature  of  the  nineteenth  century,  a  soe- 
cession  of  valuable  and  instmctiTe  works 
during  the  past  fifty-siji  years  haTing  ema* 
nated  from  his  pen,  among  which  we  mmj 
mention  the  following  : — Prince  Albert 
and  the  House  of  Saiony,  the  History  of 
our  Own  Times,  Frederick  the  Great  sad 
his  Times,  the  Present  State  of  Chris- 
tianity, several  books  on  Natural  History, 
the  Beauties  of  England  and  Walea,  tw. 
14;  translations  of  the  best  prodoctioas 
of  foreign  writers,  such  as  Zimmermaaa 
on  Solitude,  the  works  of  Solomon  Gess- 
ner,  Sturm's  Reflections  on  the  Works  gf 
God,  Meiner's  History  of  the  Female  Sei, 
Klaproth's  Travels  in  the  Caucasus  and 
Georgia,  Chateaubriand's  Beauties  of 
Christianity,  Memoirs  of  Prince  Bugeas 
of  Savoy,  Tliiers'  History  of  the  Preach 
Revolution.  Tiiese  constitute  only  a  few 
out  of  the  many  records  of  his  industry 
and  activity  during  his  long  career  ia  the 
tield  of  literature. 

It  may  not  be  generally  known  that  Mr. 
Shobcrl  originated  The  New  Monthly 
Magasine,  of  which  he  was  for  some  years 
the  co-proprietor  and  editor.  He  also 
edited  Ackermann's  Repository  of  Arts, 
from  the  third  number  to  the  last;  and 
in  182:)  originated,  with  Mr.  Ackenaaaa, 
the  lirst  of  the  English  annuals.  The  Forget 
Me  Not,  of  which  he  was  co-proprietor 
and  editor,  a  class  of  publications  that  did 
much  to  foster  amongst  us  a  love  for  the 
fine  arts,  and  paved  Sie  way  for  the  nume- 
rous illustrated  works  that  have  sinoe  issoed 
from  the  press.  The  last "  Forget  Me  Not  ** 
was  that  for  1834.  He  also  assisted  ia 
the  editorial  duties  on  some  of  the  London 
journals,  was  at  one  period  proprietor  and 
editor  of  the  Royal  Cornwall  Gacetis, 
pubUshed  at  Truro,  and  was  the  author  of 
numberless  contributions  both  in  prose 
and  verse  which  have  from  time  to  Ume 
appeared  in  various  periodicals.  His  lite- 
rary and  classical  attainoseats  woa  for  hia 


1853.]     Obituary.— ilSfr.  W.  Bonnar,  R.SJL.—J,  Gibhsy  Esq.    447 


the  friendship  and  acquaintance  of  the 
most  enlightened  characters  both  at  home 
and  abroad.  He  was  mild  and  unassuming 
in  his  manners,  and  his  amiable  and  excel- 
lent qualities  will  be  enshrined  in  the 
hearts  and  memories  of  all  who  knew  him. 
Mr.  Shoberl  died  after  a  brief  but  painful 
illness,  and  his  remains  were  interred  on 
the  12th  instant  in  the  cemetery  at  Ken- 
sail  Green. 

One  of  the  sons  of  Mr.  Shoberl  was  for 
many  years  a  leading  assistant  to  Mr. 
Colburn,  and  afterwards  a  publisher  on  his 
own  account  in  Great  Marlborough  Street ; 
a  younger  son,  who  was  a  printer  in  Ru- 
pert Street,  died  before  his  father. 

Mr.  William  Bonnar,  R.S.A. 

Feb.  ...  At  Edinburgh,  in  his  53d  year, 
Mr.  William  Bonnar,  an  Academician  of 
the  Royal  Academy  of  Scotland.  *'  One,'' 
says  The  Scotsman,  '*  of  the  most  deserv- 
ing of  our  resident  portrait,  historical,  and 
characteristic  painters." 

Mr.  Bonnar  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh, 
and  was  bom  in  June,  1800.  His  father 
was  a  house-painter  of  considerable  skill, 
and  the  son,  having  from  his  early  years 
evinced  a  remarkable  aptitude  for  draw- 
ing, was  apprenticed  to  one  of  the  leading 
decorative  house-painters  of  the  time,  in 
whose  establishment  he  ultimately  officiated 
as  foreman.  When  King  George  the  Fourth 
visited  Edinburgh,  in  \%^i^  Mr.  Bonnar 
assisted  Mr.  D.  Roberts  in  decorating  the 
Assembly  Rooms  for  the  grand  state  ball 
that  then  took  place  there.  Shortly  after- 
wards, some  pictorial  signboards  painted 
by  him  attracted  the  notice  of  Captain  Basil 
Hall,  who  sought  out  and  encouraged  the 
young  artist,  advising  him  as  to  the  class 
of  subjects  in  which  he  thought  him  quali- 
fied to  excel.  In  the  year  1824  his  picture 
of  The  Tinkers,  which  was  exbibited  in 
Waterloo -place,  Edinburgh,  established 
him  as  a  favourite  with  the  public;  and 
accordingly,  shortly  after  the  formation  of 
the  Scottish  Academy,  Mr.  Bonnar  was 
elected  an  Academician,  and  till  his  death 
continued  one  of  its  most  consistent,  inde- 
pendent, and  useful  members.  Mr.  Bonnar 
has  left  behind  him  many  fine  pictures, 
and  a  number  of  Ihem  have  been  en- 
graved, the  engravings  enjoying  extensive 
popularity. 

James  Gibbs,  Esa. 

Feb,  24.  From  an  accident  on  the 
Great  Western  Railway,  aged  62,  James 
Gibbs,  esq.  of  Clifton -park,  Clifton. 

Mr.  Gibbs  was  born  of  a  highly  re- 
spectable family  in  Wiltshire,  near  Da- 
vizes  ;  and  was  apprenticed  to  the  late 
Mr.  Fry,  the  emineikt  chemist,  of  Union- 
street,  Bristol,  then  hMd  of  the  ftrm  now 


Ferris  and  Score ;  by  whom  he  wai  after<» 
wards  taken  into  partnership,  and  Uie 
firm  became  that  of  Fry,  Gibbs,  and  Fer- 
ris. The  secession  or  death  of  the  senior 
partner  placed  Mr.  Gibbs  at  the  head  of 
the  firm,  and  its  style  was  altered  by  the 
addition  of  that  of  a  new  partner,  a  rela- 
tive of  Mr.  Gibbs,  to  that  of  Gibbs,  Ferris, 
and  Brown.  Mr.  Gibbs  was  also  subse- 
quently connected  with  Mr.  Brown,  in 
Bath-street,  in  the  wholesale  business, 
under  the  style  of  Gibbs  and  Brown.  His 
conduct,  as  a  man  of  probity  and  charac- 
ter, in  these  several  relations,  so  justly 
entitled  him  to  the  respect  of  his  fellow- 
citizens  that,  upon  the  passing  of  the 
Municipal  Corporation  Act,  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  Town  Council,  and,  with 
the  exception  of  a  single  year,  held  a  seat 
at  the  council  board  until  the  lamentable 
accident  which  deprived  him  of  life.  In 
the  Council,  his  business  habits,  his  strict 
impartiality,  and  his  unwearied  assiduity 
upon  Committees,  as  well  as  at  general 
meetings,  gained  for  him  the  respect  of 
all  parties  in  the  Chamber,  even  of  those 
who  were  his  political  opponents  (Mr. 
Gibbs  being  a  staunch  Conservative) — and 
party  spirit  then  ran  high. 

In  the  year  1843  he  was  unanimously 
elected  to  the  highest  civic  office,  that  of 
Chief  Magistrate,  the  arduous  duties  oiP 
which  he  performed  in  a  dignified  but 
quiet  and  unostentatious  manner,  equally 
creditable  to  the  city  and  to  himself,  and 
at  the  close  of  his  mayoralty  Mr.  Gibbs 
received  the  unanimous  thanks  of  the 
Council  and  the  Magistracy.  He  subse- 
quently became  Chairman  of  the  Bristol 
and  Exeter  Railway,  a  Director  of  the 
Great  Western  Railway,  and  Chairman  of 
the  Bristol  and  South  Wales  Junction 
Railway.  He  aLK>  established  large  works 
in  St.  Philip's,  for  the  manufacture  of 
sulphuric  acid,  which  gave  employment  to 
great  numbers  of  men,  by  twelve  of  whom 
his  body  was  borne  to  the  grave,  and  all 
of  whom  spoke  of  him,  as  the  writer's 
father  has  often  heard  them,  in  terms  of 
unmixed  respect,  as  a  kind  and  good  em- 
ployer, and  the  poor  man's  friend.  Mr. 
Gibbs  was  also  appointed  one  of  the  magis- 
trates of  the  borough  As  a  merchant,  a 
citizen,  and  a  man,  his  character  and 
actions  were  above  reproach.  As  a  hus- 
band, a  father,  and  a  friend,  he  was  so 
uniformly  kind  and  affectionate  that  his 
memory  will  live  with  those  who  knew 
him  best. 

The  accident  which  was  fktal  to  Mr. 
Gibbs  occurred  at  Ealing  near  London  to 
an  express  train  by  which  he  was  travelling 
to  a  meeting  of  the  Great  Western  Di- 
rectors in  London.  From  some  unas- 
certained litetare  the  carriage  in  which  h« 


448 


Obituary. 


CApfflf 


was  seated  ran  a^  tbe  lioe^  and  up  an  em- 
bankment, where  it  wati  broken  to  pieces. 
Mr.  Gibbs  was  killed  ou  the  spot. 

Hiu  body  waji  privntdy  interred  in  the 
cemetery  at  Bristol,  attended  by  his  rela- 
tivej}  and  some  of  his  moHt  Intimate  friends;. 


DEATHS. 

ARBANO£l>  I^f  CBRONOLOGJCAL  OnDKII. 

John  Fjiwktiner  KJnrfipin  ewi,  wtn  of  tl'C  Intc?  J. 
Kfrso]>p,  e.v].  latcof  the  -Itli  (Kiii«;*?i  Own)  Iteg-t. 
lost  at  SPA,  lictweeii  Port  Pliilip  una  Sydney ;  last 
scon  on  tlui  17th  of  May,  JiJi&'J. 

Julif  IH,  i'[v(?  ilays  flil<?r  her  liiiBtMiniT  [who.'fte 
deaitb  Ix  rcconlwl  in  n,  3'JT>,a(;erl  70,  Miiry,  wldaw 
of  tbeltov.  Uougbcy  WMIbiii  DollmK.  M.A.  Pru- 
bendary  of  Uroniciro,  nm\  Ueetor  of  Blagbeniliu , 
CO.  Down  ;  fleeond  dAnjtrljtor  of  the  lato  J'>hn  Short, 
ftiq.  orSoliiudl,co.  Warwick. 

Sffi.  i^.  At  Dunctlin.New  Zealand «  only  ihy&t 
ilayj*  after  tire  marriage  of  two  of  his  dJiughiers, 
aged  5H,  \\'illi,iui  lltnry  Viiipv,  es<|-  laic  of  llic 
H.l^.LC.  CivO  SiTvlco,  tiftlj  son  of  Hie  Itite  Rt-v. 
Jtichard  Valpy,  D,D. 

iki.  6.  At  lltniagry ,  on  the  wcrt  coast  of  Africa, 
•feed  ^7.  SapUia,  wife  of  J.  (J.  Sandenmn,  esq, ; 
Jfov.  5,  aged  IH  tuonth:^,  Ihdr  son  Biidjigry  ;  itnd 
Dfc,  G,  their  infant  chitiL 

Oct.  30.  GeortMi  DiuhnnrKi,  esq-  V.US,  Kd,  and 
formerly  rresldent  of  the  Roj-al  ScotinJi  Aciideiny 
of  ArtJi.  Ho  wa-H  one  of  the  most  endnenC  elvft 
engiuocTfl  in  Kdhihurgh,  and  l>rotlier-ln4;!LW  to 
Frofefiwr  Faraday. 

.Vor»l.  At  BCa,  on  l»oard  the  Wntmer  Castie, 
on  ]d4  piUHigiB  to  £n;(r]a]|d^  a^eil  3'J,  Lieut.  R.  H. 
Ilruce.  Bengal  Home  Artllk-ry* 

Ufc.  11.  At  Piumti,  Ilnnn4Ui,aged  30,  Alexander 
(lillcspic.  Capt.  IHth  Fitrit.  neconil  aon  of  Rohert 
QiMc^pie,  ewq.  of  York-i4.  Portinaii-fq. 

U^c,  18.  At  Flint' hal,  ?i.Lideira,  Marion-Btinia, 
only  iliiu,  of  t\\v  late  WUliaro  Fulhirton,  cnq.  for- 
jacrly  of  Ihwl  InIhhcL 

IHft\  28.  Ncur  Cuttack,  Lieut-Col,  Cliarlc*  St. 
Jolin  tfrunt,  eoinmandlng  the  iind  Madms  K.  L 
*on  fit  tlie  latt"  Charles*  Thoji.  (Jrnni,  of  Grant,  esq, 

Dec.  30.  On  board  the  *lefliiier  iroin  Piiiininii  to 
Son  Franrisco,  tiged  li^l,  the  iJon.  lirijwtdow  CJias. 
fici'Ue,  younj?e*t  son  of  the  Earl  of  Abiugduii.  Mr. 
Btrtic  entered  the  army  In  tho  ^h  Loucert  In 
1^1^^,  and  subsequently  aerved  (br  iODie  yeari  In 
thu  2nd  Life  (Jnardh. 

Jan.  L  At  Barhttdoa,  aged  34,  Jnhn  Ashley 
Cummlna,  eaq.  Deputy  AwdHlant  CommlsMiry-t  U-i\. 

Jan.  a.  At  Peahawor,  tndlA,  aged  25,  Lieut.  Wui. 
G.  Splller,  hSrA  Regt.  eldeat  ton  of  ll^for  SpdUer, 
of  flic  Artillery. 

Jan.  8.  At  lluaamorea,  Great  Famdosi,  Bmex, 
agetl  83,  FrufK'iB  Bayley,  esa.  formerly  an  officer 
In  the  Kmox  Yeomanry  divalry. 

Jan.  U.  AtSouth^a.  ogeil  Hjt,  EUzabetli,  dan.  of 
the  late  Kcv.  George  Snmlridgc,  Rector  of  BoUial, 
Northumtjerland. 

Jan.  1(».  At  Guerfi**ty»  njifiMl  tifi,  llutltJii  Little- 
wood,.  eiM[.  formerly  of  Norwu^jol,  thvn  of  Torpolnt, 
Cornwall,  and  ftflcr^^arcla  of  Thornton  IJcath, 
Croydon,  Siirrer. 

Jan,  12.  At  PuloiU,  Misaonri,  ILS.  aged  17,  Mr. 
Matthew  VS\>hhcr,  for  many  yejir»  trejisurer  of  the 
eounly  of  \Va?biiif;tQn,  and  limthcr  to  Mr.  John 
Webber,  of  Afannht^^i-ce,  E»ex. 

Jan.  17.  At  Boinltay,  JM^cd  3t,  Elij:abcth-SnTuh , 
wife  «f  T.  F,  Qmy,  emi.  only  iiftter  of  tlic  Hev.  W.  L. 
Maeon,  Cnrato  H  '^'    ^*  r.  •-    u,,,-.  tt    r.i., r. 

Jan,  19.     At 
Adams  of  Anil  I ■ 

«f"Contribiiliu^;-  ...  ._• ., . 

aia  of  tliC  fcHielis  of  Panama.''     He  \s 
largiu'  ilhisttritecl  work  "  t»n  th«>  1 
itatQaica,"  at  wliich  Uic  SiutthMii«b,,     , 
had  nndntaken  to  print  the  Mt«r-]»i  ■ 

U 


Jan.  20.  At  Dniwiiminhine,  au^ed  S-'V^  E(Jw«i 
Jamiain,  of  C»!  ''*« 

son  of  thclfttc  I  iro. 

Jan,29.    C!i  flj_ 

nroiuley,e!!iq.  uud  ).  j  CoL  IkulJ 

of  WatnalL 

Ja»,do.    At  New '^  I  John 

M.It,,  t'lde.Ht  HHi  of  llr.  JuJm  iJorkeii,  of  UolK 

Atjcd  75,  Anne.  reUct  of  W*  IL  Lyon &,  esq.  Old 
Park,  Antrim. 

Feb.  ..  In  his  5tith  year,  Mr.  J.  Elarrt'i,  tm  aetflr 
well  known  on  the  stage  with  tlie  Kemtdea,  Kean« 
nnd  SlatTbady. 

I^tb.  3.  At  Ii!  Allen.csq, 

of  Ini'lunartiii  jits. 

fefr,  4.   At  N  \r*(UMne, 

^ife  of  tbe  Kcv.  1  rv  ilie 

eldivat  d4n.  of  the  1:  uf 

Parley  hail,  Berks,  m,  .a*, 

{)f  whom  Anne  b  the  wihj  uf  tlic  llcw  S\s    limlh- 
cotc.  «on  (uf  Sir  Jolm  tteathcote„  Bart, 

At  Chelsea,  nj?ed  7L  Ann,  relkt  of  MattJte* 
Blniko,  e.sq.  of  the  Secretary *»  OfOecs  «t  Ch«li«ea 
college. 


f  F.  L.  Cctoper.  c«q.  of 

^lilre. 
-!LlhePrino 
ift'n  of  p!jftiitf;»J,  I 

i,,:^rr......|   lira 


Aged  Sr;.  Diana,  ivlfi 
Walton-) 

At  Fi 
Aindiji, 

djinghti.-i     !    '      !  ' 

At   Sl-dN.:    •.  .'._..■   :     ^^.    i 

At  L>du.';4-Lr.  ii>'..'    ]■ 
7G,  Lieut, -CoL  Jo^t  ]  i 
ItCiTt.  of  Liiiht  Inf.     I 
179m,   by   pnrthrt^p, 
March  follcifwi^; 
in  the  43rd,  Joi 
imd  on  their  i 
In  lg04  hepiii 
1811  hi^MaJ.  r 
In  1HI5,  toii-^ 
about  to  be  i 
Col  Pearson  ii  - 
Util,  to  hi*  fpv.  .■ 
warcU  was  plun-ii  (ui 

/TbA.  ft.  Drowned  i 
at  Oxford,  aged  19,  3  i 
Magdalene  college. 

At  gidmontli,  Devon,  aged  3C,  Mary,  ntlli  of 
Gharlcfi  Hillar,  q»i,  late  of  Forent  iltl),  vumt 
North  AV  ic  h,  Cbeahire. 

Feb.  G.    In  Albany-4t.,  It«g!BBt*t  Park,  «s«4| 
Charlc-'^  Ilattatt  e*q. 

Frf'H,  At  Brighton,  Tliomai  Etieoftif^  Ji  _ 
Boilcun,  mt\.  late  of  tfa«  Mailraa  (ivll  «virTU«,  to 
which  he  was  a]ipointed  in  1814. 

Feb.  9.  A^cd  75,  Richard  CaiMJ,  e*iQ,  of  DubUn, 
rtn<l  St.  WoUtan'H,  Kildare. 

At  TftvUtotk,  Devon,  John  P«lill,«aq. 

At  Southfjort,  Lune.  aired  IK  Sandi,  rettrt  of 
Jjttnes  Snape,  esci.  of  Chester. 

At  Leainin^on,  Lucy- Ann,  wife  Of  M.  B,  Tar?t, 

Feb.  10.  AMcd  C;»,  Arabella,  wlfoof  Dr.  AiiOaiiM. 
DC.L. 


UiN  atUfr- 

iins  of  «  boat 
ii'>eny^  Demy  t»f 


In  Cb  ' 

'  ''U  Stephen  Child.  «aq.  iM 

incrly  n- 

^ 

Agoil 

,u.tb-Mr4ry.  yHhi  id  Tlioifl 

Francip'.       :• 

'    ;^U'iL          ^^ 

In  Wiii'^i-.  !.- 

1  T3,  DoroUry* 

relit't  of  l.'iv  !i 

M_^  .                        ho-iL 

At   BiiJ.  r   :  1, 

■  ■  '-'I   '■■•.'                 '■"^-'  of  ivtar 

O'Kciil,  I-  .|    -1 

.'-:'-:^  ^u.'                          ^u  of  Uio 

Ulc  Slui  IL ,  1. 

„ri    piirt. 

liCiir  l.HilM'rUM. 

At   Koyiwia 

H<ran«hlre,  atfod  |«», 

Will.   llenr>  V\ 

-f 

" •    ■"    ■'■ •■     ^:-^i.    "f 

n.  tic  riiarrM  C-JilUof  iiie^AntsBrrcl, 

l>fivld   Davk'*,  e*q.  of  i*vHtr^^n^ 

At  lla«tingti,  iu(mi  321,  Aitn9>Jafi#,  »Vhit  dmi.  of 


1853.] 


Oflii 


I 
I 


I 
I 


I 


the  Ute  ituv.  Win,  Itcnrr  l'w»cut»  of  BrAdBli&vr 
U&IJ,  Cheadle  Uoscky,  Che4«hlr«. 

At  LewifibAin,  Eli/^Ltivth,  tlkinl  imrviriijg  dau, 
of  tho  lAte  WIUUiu  Sinioiis,  e?Hi.  of  SydL-idiatii. 

AtfPd  *»j,  Frances-Elizabeth,  dnu.  of  the  late 
Samuel  Wliite,  osii.  of  Plymouth ► 

/'*^&,  1 1 .    Affctl  L*2,  Mba  BiiMtvij] ,  of  S>Tc^hain . 

At  Low  Harroiciitc',  agLsl  53>  jVnibeHa-Annet 
widow  of  Will.  FnU-Ue  Clarkp.  es*^.  Bcniiwl  €ivH 
Service^  mvI  dan,  of  the  lRt«  Johu  Che^is  vmi. 

At  Bristol,  Agc<l  A'i,  iJobert  I'odmore  Clark .  esq. 

At  Cimon,  nged  t^2,  Cathartne,  rt?lU  t  of  Ijrtuic 
Elton,  esq.  of  Stapk'tt»ii  Eott"i.ts  <iloiic>  «iid  of 
White  Staunloii  lloiuw,  Sumorsctahtre. 

At  Suntlinmptoii,  a^ftHj  go^  Ann-'/ApitoraXi^  widow 
of  Kahert  tllcnie.  Col.  fiOth  (ittlcs. 

lit  Moritpt'lier-i*q.  Kniifht^hrltlge,  ngcJ  57,  Oipt. 
Jamci  Oonlon,  H.N,  lie  untuKNj  the  service  in 
IfllfJ  on  bat nl  the  Kaltlor  Hi;  wiis  rantle  Uent. 
Illi20»  and  Coniniander  1834.  lie  was  eiui>loy*Hl  in 
the  f'kK'kride  of  Alii^iers  in  I8'24,nnd  iservwl  alto- 
tlicr  (ui-  tvm-nty-cighi  years  on  full  pay.  Ho  coin- 
DiuiKled  the  ctm^t-ffuard  for  thri'C  yonn  at  Fowcy, 
and  for  five  years  at  Whitby. 

At  Winchester,  Elleu,  wife  of  ttaliih  E.  (^.  John- 
aofi,  cw|. 

At  Clifton,  Siii«annu,  widow  of  the  Uer,  John 
Latcy,  Hector  of  Doyntoii,  Glouccstershlric,  and 
only  snnriTijig  ilster  of  the  lote  Richard  Hurt 
DvfiM,  flflq.  iDUiy  jtan  Ueuiljcr  for  the  Lit>-  of 
Briittd. 

At  Mlo^ton,  aged  37»  Margiu'et-WallJiCG.  wlfo  of 
Andrew  Morlaon,  cm.  gatg^xi  B.N.  and  oldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Col.  Hugh  MunaUmv. 

At  NeatdoQ  Boimo^  wHleiden,  agtd  €4,  J€«oph 
NlcoUf  OMi,  lAtfi  mstUor-inoncycr  of  tlie  lioyal  Mint. 

A^od  4a,  Henrietta,  rcUet  of  C.  F,  B,  Uclnickor, 
e»q.  of  Brighton. 

In  Great  Qiieen-at.  Wcstnunrtcr,  aged  58,  (foorge 
LqwU  Smjih,  ^i].  purliojiicutary  agent,  lie  was 
the  author  of  a  History  of  Ireland,  and  of  other 
worlu  of  reputatiou. 

In  Onalow-sq.  Brompton,  Frances,  widow  of  the 
lat«  W.  Spike,  es<i. 

At  OMteiDaii'TiUas,  Bamoi,  Win.  M.  Tracy, can. 

Ftb.  la.  At  Kortliallrrton,  aged  64,  Jajae,  widow 
of  CieDTgc  Body,  esq.  solidlor. 

At  KeiiUflh-town,  Wm.  Cnddl,  esi^i.  of  Her  Ma- 
jeftyV  Ciu'toiii'*,  vonnircst  son  of  the  late  WilUom 
CadelUc^       ''it,  KB. 

At  lltt^  1  ^i.  Mrs.  Charlotte  Cord- 

well,  wh  tlio  deletenoaa  effects  of  « 

herb  uamcni  iwh-uh^  Jiilininiftcred  iiy  one  Palmer, 
on  agent  to  Dr,  Coitin.  At  the  cio«Mj  of  tlie  Coro- 
ner's inquiry,  the  foreman  said,  that  twelve  out  uf 
tlie  tbirlocn  jurora  liad  o^gj^od  to  u  vcrUlet  of 
**  ManslatLiarhtvr." 

At  New  Hotii«  fanu,  lladwlnier,  n^&X  H'u  Mary, 
relict  of  John  Cartfr,  enq. 

In  WiinpoloHsrt  o^^  60,  Mary* Anne,  wife  of 
Wra.  Cliapman,  cm. 

At  Hombledon,  tlantft,  agi>d  37,  Ellen,  wljie  of 
Edward  Elderfleld,  eaii' 

AtSt»ii*t«*d,  Herta,  Elizabeth -Dorothy,  wife  of 
Datiiel  ItankUi,  esq. 

In  Lower  hciniour-st.  Charlotte,  wilfe  of  U»c 
Bttv.  J.  H,  Hiirrwon,  of  Bnifbrooke  rectory,  Nertli* 
aiiipton!>liire,  and  yomigust  dau.  of  the  late  Ed- 
ward iirant,  esi^  of  Litchhorougb. 

AtTciiminautb,  nirod  Gt,  UeDftettft-lfAria, eldoal 


M  nry  Hugb  Uoore,  Biurt. 
CiiarLea  Leatourgeoo,  eaa. 

Ht;]i  Martin,  eaq.  of  Hlffliajn, 


u.  of  t 

At   Mr» 

finTDerl) 

Saffollt. 

In  Peckham-Iane,  aged  74,  Philadelphia,  widoxv 
of  Wm.  Wallor  RawHn«.  esq. 

At  AbtKifti  Leigh,  aged  5?,  Fran«d9  SSiort,  eMj. 
■oUcitor.  ofBriatoK 

At  Woburn-pUice,  aged  80,  Edttb,  reUct  of 
Jaaeph  Nicholas  SmiOi,  ««q.  ll(9nu«rly  of  Oulld- 
ford-«t« 

At  Chelsea,  aged  G4,  Wm,  Sweeting,  c«q* 

ftir,  l^.    At  Dcmiondney,  aged  39,  liMj-^mtt 

Gent,  Mac.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


JAHY.  449 

wife  of  tlio  Rev.  R.  K.  iHij^ultl  Diovtn,  inLiiimb^Jit 
of  St,  Jaine-i'H,  Bcrtnondsey. 

At  tlic  Kent  and  Canterbury  Uuspital,  Cornc- 
MuH  llarriiOTi  Browne^,  I't-llaw  t^f  ilic  Jtoyal  College 
ofSurge«?lT^^,  London ,^  and  Tiirtc*jn  yearn  IIoa-*c  Sur- 
geon at  thi'  (ibove  named  inhtitutioii, 

At  Unit,  iiyed  03,  Witlimn  ClifTord,e7H|.  foimcrly 
a  partni'r  in  the  ftriu  of  Me!*f<rft.  Taylor,  Cliflortf, 
uiid  Elrisht. 

At  MoccoA  C<)urt,  Herefordshire,  as©il  61,  Lady 
CorncwaB,  She  woji  the  only  dan.  of  Wiillaiu 
NatiCT,  iSKi.  of  IvOUJ,^bcrc^^  co,  Aleath,  and  niocc 
toJame;)  tir.*t  Lord  Sherlxtrtic;  wa*  married  in 
IHLV  lu  the  lata  Sir  fieorgc  ComewaB^Bturt.  and 
left  a  widow  in  Irt33,  having  hM  l«suc  tiio  iirej*eiit 
Sir  Veltern  CorncwaB,  two  other  sons,  and  ^\x 
danijhtcrs. 

At  <tospcirt,  aifcd  fiS,  Robert  Cruick»«hank,  aati. 

At  Cainl>erweB-green,  aged  ^>5,  LyMu,  relict  of 
TliOTnon  Fynmorc/esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  41,  the  Rev.  John  Joficph  Gor^ 
don,  lVie*tof  the  Oratory,  Birmingham. 

At  Turner**  HtB,  Su«bx,  aged  li,  Barliara- 
Janc,  wife  of  C^apt.  T,  Gregory. 

At  Ncwnliaut,  airtxl  43,  Henry  KTiifihtt  i'Wh  of 
B4i«liighaB-jit.  solicitor,  wid  eldest  son  of  Mrs.  G. 
Kemp  J  of  Fijole. 

At  Aiiincdon,  |ifnrt]iiji-ARXi«,  third  dan.  of  tli© 
lal«  MoJor-(k?neral  Miller,  It.M.  and  late  of  BristoL 

At  Peckfmiii,  suddenly,  aged  45,  Jameii  Thomas 
Pullen,  «f  Ashley  tudge  and  Uiiloa-courl,  BroAd- 
utrcet,  wliLdtor. 

At  l^ierlMirough,  aged  &7,  Ann,  wite  of  William 
Streddtir,  esq. 

At  Birmlnffbam,  nge<l  7ti,  Sarah,  relict  of  Wil- 
liam Walford,  ej*q.  late  of  quinton,  filouct«*tts!:rsh. 

Fel,  U.  At  Arundel,  aged  43,  tleorgu  Bakhku, 
esq.  tolidtor,  town  clerk,'  tJerk  to  the  l^orougli 
magiAtrateiii,  and  derk  to  the  county  tonri. 

At  Bonlo^no-STir-Mer,ag«»d  J33.  Dr.  DeTbishirc. 

In  l^prj«r  Wimpole-st.  aged  36,  Adelaide,  wlfo  of 
I«iac  B.  Klkin,e»q. 

Ajicd  77,  Thomoa  Eaigh,  eaci-  of  Cdlnbrtdge 
Uouae. 

At  tha  Fad  dock,  Shokleu,  Kent,  Sarah,  thinl 
dan.  of  tho  Into  IL  P.  Hnnnam,  c*i,  of  North* 
bonnic  Cyurt. 

At  Stoke  Ncwington,  aj^ed  68,  Frederick  Joly, 
mt\.  nierrhant. 

In  Baker-ft.  Portmnu-viuare,  aged  83.  Lewis 
Manege,  cxi. 

At  Paddlnifton,  ftjt,'ed  Gfi,  TliomaA  Patrick  Mat- 
thew, c-nq.  late  of  the  Wiir  iMce. 

At  Hatkley  Aish,  Ptuwaarsh,  Su'isex,  aged  01, 
William  Morri."t,  em}. 

At  Combe  Down,  near  Bath,  aged  72,  FhUip 
Nowell,  e*q.  of  Plmlico. 

At  Can),l<>rvt  ell ,  aged  83,  Fanny,  relict  of  Wm. 
Ptacoek,  esi]. 

At  Rathtruii,  Diibiiii,  Oodfrey  ri*rcy,  e^q.  Cap- 
tain uoattactiLil,  late  (^leen**  lUiyaK  Ho  served 
bi  the  eomiioign  in  AflTgiiauiiitan  and  Belowihi^tan, 
iBclading  the  itonalng  ond  capture  ot  Ghuiuec 
and  of  KhcJat ;  also  the  campaign  in  tbo  Southern 
Concnn  and  Sawant  Worree  country,  locludlns 
the  atormijig  of  acreral  stockade*,  and  the  invivt- 
ment  and  capture  of  the  forts  Honobrir  and  Man- 
suDtoab. 

At  Snrbltoii,  aged  9i,  Bosanm^-Mar}',  wife  of  the 
ItoT.  Tbomoa  I^e,  M.A.  incumbent  of  Hook, 
Surrey,  only  sur^irbig  clilld  of  ttie  Ute  R,  0. 
Pritchard,  esq.  Capt.  R.N. 

At  BlomAeld-cretsccnt,  Qorrow-roAd,  aged  67, 
Jaue,  widow  of  Lleat.-Col.  Walker,  C3,  R.M. 
tlie  4tJi  dau,  of  Wm.  Wtica,  esq,  of  Chttrtertoo, 
m*  Camb. 

At  Cheltenham,  ag«d  50,  Fredejrlc  Tbomoa  Win- 
Lie,  M.D.  F.L.S.  for  twcnty-«ix  yeiara  Resldenl 
Phyaielan  to  tbc  Wameford  A»ylum,  Headlogtan, 
0.xl5wd. 

At  PuckpooL  L  W.,  aged  7S,  Lewi*  Wyatt,  esq. 

Ffb,  15.  At  tbe  rectory*  Great  HoHand,  aged 
as,  wife  of  tiM!  Rey.  Thomaa  J.  Bewaher,  four  day* 
aA«r  glrlng  bfiih  to  a  son,  and  leaving  4  cbildrcQ 

3M 


450 


Obituary. 


[April, 


In  Douffhty-st.  aged  86,  William  Koliert  Henry 
Brown,  esq. 

At  Saffron  Walden,  aged  71 ,  Richard  Day,  esq. 

At  Bishojj's  Ixxlge,  Comi>ton,  Surrey,  aged  AC, 
Susannah-Ellison,  widow  of  the  Rev.  William  Don- 
caster,  II. D.  of  Normanton,  Nottu. 

At  Old  Ford,  Bow.  Middlesex,  aged  82,  William 
Gundy,  esq. 

At  DtMunrtrk-hill,  Camberwcll,  Eliza-Forhcs, 
wife  of  Dr.  J.  U.  (iilbcrt.  of  Harpendcn,  Herts,  son 
of  the  late  liev.  Joseph  (Till)ort,  of  Nottingham. 

Ag«.Ml  7»),  Abraham  (iolo,  esij.  of  Plymouth,  for- 
merly of  the  New-i-oad,  St.  (Jeorge's-in-the-East, 
Midillesex. 

In  Welbeck-st.  aged  84,  Elizalieth-*Jane,  relict 
of  HolKirt  Ilibbcrt,  ewj. 

At  Udimore,  Sussex,  aged  27,  Sarali-Francos, 
wife  of  Frederick  Langford,  esq. 

At  Norton  (^ourt,  Kent,  Stephen  (Jeorge  Lusli- 
ington.  cMi.  late  one  of  the  Oimmissioners  of 
Customs,  eldest  wni  (»f  the  IMght  Hon.  S.  U.  Lu.sh- 
injrton,  by  the  Hon.  Anne-Elizabeth  Harris,  eldest 
dau.  of  (ieorge  fin>t  Lord  Harris. 

At  Womlford,  apeil  8ft,  Peter  Mallard,  esq.  a  ma- 
gistrate for  Essex  and  Middlesex. 

At  Cirenville  Lodge,  Hathniines,  Dublin,  at  tlie 
house  of  Walter  Lindsay,  e^i.  M:ijor  Wm.  Moore, 
of  the  Four  Courts,  Dublin. 

In  rpiwr  Bcdford-pl.  Hus.M'11-sq.  Catharine-Eli- 
zabeth, widow  of  William  No<les,  eMj. 

At  East  Sheen.  Surrey,  agi'd  ;>!,  the  Lady 
Charlotte  Penrhyn,  sister  to  the  Earl  of  Derby. 
She  was  the  I'ldcst  daughter  of  Edward  the  13th 
Earl,  K.(i.  by  his  cousin  Charlotte-Margaret,  2d 
dau.  of  the  late  Kev.  (JeoflTry  Hornby,  and  was 
married  in  lh23  to  Edward  Penrhyn,  esq. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  70,  John  Erskinc  Uisk.esti. 
M.D.  Royal  Na>y. 

At  MiUdstone,  William  Sibbald,  esq.  M.D.  hite 
I'hysician  to  th(!  Forces. 

At  Elm-place,  in  (iuildford,  nged  .Vj,  George 
Snnpkiu,  cm[.  R.N. 

At  Clifton,  uge<l  70,  Hester,  dau.  of  the  late 
James  Taylor,  esq.  of  Frenr.hay. 

At  Stocks,  near  Manchester,  age<l  74,  (rilliert 
Winter,  esq. 

/V6.  Hi.  Aged  4<),  Jane,  wife  of  Alexander 
Angus,  eM[.  surgeon,  Frith-.st.  Soho. 

Aged  r)7,  John  Bill,  cm],  of  Farley  Hall,  StalTonl- 
Bhire. 

Edward  Bliss,  eMj.  of  ShejiiK'rton  Cottages,  Is- 
lington. 

A;red  47,  Thomas  Calvert,  c.mi.  of  Hcadingley, 
near  I^eds. 

At  Swakckys,  near  Uxbridgc.  Algemon-Adair, 
youngi.'st  .M)n  of  tlie  late  T.  T.  Clarke,  evi.  of 
Swakfloys,  Middlesex,  and  of  Binhani  Abliey. 

In  Charlwood-st.  Sarah-Maria,  wife  of  Taner 
R.  Fearnside,  es«i,  of  the  Land  L'evenue  Record 
and  Inrolniont  Otllce,  Spring  Ganlens. 

At  Tiverton,  ajred  77,  Thomas  Hellings,  esq. 
solicitor. 

In  Lotlge-pl.  St.  John's-wooil.  aged  79,  John 
Jack. son,  esq. 

At  .South>ea.  Hants,  aged  &1,  James  Cove  Jones, 
M.D.  and  of  Milverton,  Warwickshire. 

A;red  ')'i.  Jonathan  Monckton,  esij.  surgeon,  of 
Porto  Itello,  Hrenchley,  Kent. 

At  Bath,  aged  «6,  Mary,  nidow  of  the  Her.  Dr. 
Nicholas. 

At  Birkenhead,  age<I  02,  Siuianna,  wife  of  tlio 
Rev.  Edwanl  (Jeorge  Parker,  British  Cluiplain  at 
Bahia,  Brazil. 

At  Kirkwall,  aged  GO,  Mrs.  Pollexfcu. 

Aged  70.  .John  Raynar,  es*!.  of  Lee<ls,  solicitor. 

At  Claphani,  Surrey,  agc<l  IM),  ElizitWth,  eldest 
and  last  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Jonathan 
Reeves,  of  West  Ham,  Essex. 

At  Cheltenham,  auetl  60,  Jane,  wife  of  Clement 
Royils,  (?.sq.  of  Mount  Falinge,  Rochdale. 

At  Brixton,  aged  74,  the  Rev.  S.  W.  Tracy, 
D.D.,  for  many  years  a  minister  in  the  Indepen- 
dent denomination. 

At  Lower  Clapton,  Anne,  reUct  of  George  Wake- 


field, esq.  late  Ordnance  Storekeeper  at  King0bm, 
Upper  Canada. 

At  Exeter,  aged  71.  Mr.  A.  Weddertrarn.  far 
nearly  half-a-cchtury  in  the  eenrkse  of  HOf.  Gene- 
ral Poet-office,  the  hut  thirty-flve  yean  of  wlikh 
as  Inspector  of  MaU  Coacliei  in  the  wertern  diftrict 

Feb.  17.  Aged  6S,  Robert  Carr,  eaq.  formeriy 
an  eminent  solicitor  at  Wakefield. 

At  Millbrook  Uonse,  Llangepny,  Braconahtae, 
aged  8fi,  Mrs.  Margaret  Daviea. 

At  Clapham-eoramon,  aged  56,  EUsabeUi,  widow 
of  Edward  Dolman,  esq.  of  CUffonPa-inn. 

Cecilia,  wife  of  Dr.  Gairdner,  of  Bolton-«t  Fk- 
cadilly. 

Aged  65,  Mary,  wife  of  Charlea  Oifford,  esq.  of 
Cliffs-end  House,  Exmonth. 

Aged  74,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Ghaitea  Hicka,  esq. 
of  Rye. 

At  Exeter,  aged  84,  George  Hooghtoo,  eeq.  the 
oldest  freeman  of  that  city. 

Aged  69.  Harriet,  wife  of  the  Rer.  VniUam  Mom- 
sey,  of  Fownliope,  Ilorefbrdshire. 

At  Bushoy  Honse,  Herts,  John  Dnff  Ramaay, 
e.«q.  Lieut.  R.A.  eldest  ton  of  Jamea  Ramaay,  eaq. 

Sophia-Mary,  wife  of  William  S.  Vflliera  Saokcj, 
esq.  M.A. 

At  Edinburgh,  Robert  Speir,  esq.  of  Cnldeea 
Castle,  PerthHlihre. 

At  Clifton,  aged  79,  Clarisna,  Kocond  daa.  of  the 
late  James  Taylor,  esij.  of  Frenchay. 

Feb.Wi.  Aged  83,  William  Blrcliam,  esq.  of  the 
Ollands,  Hackford.  Norfolk. 

At  Skcehy,  near  Richmond,  aged  106.  Mie. 
Bradley.    She  retained  her  Ikcnlties  to  the  last. 

At  ifpminster,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Lydia  Rndd. 

At  Perrymead,  Bath,  aged  66,  ElisabeCh,  wife  of 
Capt.  Thomas  Pickering  Clarke,  R.N. 

At  Stretton-on-le-fleld,  Derbysh.  Sopbia-Looka, 
uife  of  S.  W.  Clowes,  esq.  and  daa.  of  Sir  Rfchnd 
Sutton,  Bart. 

Aged  6'i,  Mary,  wife  of  Thomaa  Franda,  eeq.  of 
Devonshire-road,  Balham. 

At  Batii,  t^iward  Vernon  GoodaU,  eaq.  chW 
clerk  of  the  BaUi  District  County  Court,  and  pre- 
viously clerk  of  the  Bath  Court  of  RequeaCa. 

At  Torquay,  aged  25,  Marianne,  wife  of  the  Rer. 
I..eveson  Russell  Hamilton,  and  second  daa.  of  ttie 
Itev.  R.  J.  Meade,  Vicar  of  Castle  Cary,  Somenet. 

At  Hampstead,  aged  24,  Julia-Victoria,  i 
dau.  of  the  late  Edward  Samuel  Uardiaty,  eaq. 

In  consequence  of  a  fell,  by  which  his  right  aim 
was  dislocated  and  fractured  in  two  parts,  aged  66, 
the  Rev.  David  Inglfai,  of  tlic  United  Preabyterlan 
Church  of  Port  (flasgow,  the  cMtst  minister,  wt 
1)elievc,  of  any  denomination  in  Renfrewafalre. 

AtTunhridgeWeIls,agcd  72,  Elizabeth-Dorothy, 
eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Charles  Jacomb,  esq.  of 
Guilford -St. 

Aged  GO,  William  Henry  Jonee,  eaq.  of  Ebory-el. 
Pimllco. 

In  Claromont-sq.  Pcntonvillc,  at  an  advaaeed 
age,  Margaret,  relict  of  Samuel  Li>^  Mq.  solr. 

Pierce  Mahony,  esq.  Clerk  of  the  Crown  In  Cha 
(Queen's  Bench  of  Irdand.  He  was  no  ordlnary 
nmn  in  our  political  world,  and  was  the  author  oif 
the  celebrated  ^'Leinster  Declaration  **  of  1630, 
wliicli  stopiied  the  flrst  agitation  fer  the  repeal  of 
the  ITnion  starteil  by  Mr.  O'Connell.  As  a  ptirata 
gentlemiin,  Mr.  Mahony  was  a  prime  fevoarlte  fer 
his  social  qualiflcatiuns. 

At  Lime-hill,  Tunbrldge  Wells,  Alicia,  wife  of 
Creorge  Murray,  esq.  of  Chichester, and  ddcat  dam. 
of  the  late  Thomas  Strickland,  eaq. 

At  Topsham,  aged  24,  Henrietta-Mary,  eecood 
dau.  of  tiio  Rev.  H.  Thori>- 

At  St.  Germain-en-Laye,  aged  79,  Margmrat, 
relict  of  Sir  Coutts  Trotter,  Bart.  She  waa  the 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Alexander  Gordon,  Lord 
Roi^.kvillc,  one  of  the  Scotch  Lords  of  Seasion,  aoo 
of  William  Lord  Aberdeen,  by  Anne,  dowagv 
Countess  of  Dumfries  and  Stair.  She  was  mar- 
ried iu  1>«02,  and  left  a  widow  in  1837  ;  and  had 
issue  four  daughters,  Anne,  married  to  Ootoaal 
Jones  Lindsay,  grandson  oi  Jamea  ifth  Earl  of 


lasa] 


Obituary. 


4dl 


I 


Ba]£«rre8 ;  Jme,  married  to  Gtbbft  Cntwford  Af)> 
j^obni,  e«i4  Sn^iaii,  nowr  Gonntess  of  AJbeiiittrle  i 
tnd  MBTKArot^  DimuuTied. 

On  lior  2*»tJi  birthday,  Emily- Kranccs- Ann,  wife 
of  Clsirtes  ftawUiuon  WoinwriKht,  of  BouU«b, 
Shepton  Iffellet,  aaoA  70ii]ig««t  dan,  of  the  Ute  Jolin 
|.  of  CtaMou, 


Mr.  Jctlin  \v 
eldoM  bmtlier  > 

F^,  19,    In 
§3,  John  Anderii,  <iM]. 

Agod  76»  Dvilel  Ed^  esq.  ono  of  tb6  oldest 
reddflDto  of  Evcietuui]. 

At  JfUtoD^QGKt-GniTeiend,  aned  53,  TbomaSi 
uDcond  wn  of  the  late  Thdnua  Edwardj,  eiq.  of 
HoddeidoD,  Hert«i, 

At  Gtlfton,  ll:ll]■g8rfl^■lIjiTi»-Gl(BlUillis,  wifo  of 
JanuM  Evftiis,  esq.  uid  aceond  dAii.  of  th»  Ute 
XJeot^Oen,  Sir  Thomas  Drown. 

In  iLADeii«t«r-pK  agad  50,  Jamei^  Kaii&h,  eifi, 
surgeon,  Fellow  of  the  RoynJ  Colleije  of  Surgeons. 
He  WM  A  flofi  of  the  lute  liter.  WinUm  Forfidi,  BJ>. 
Prafenor  nf  Chcmhtry  at  CambrMgc  ;  omd  was  a 
member  of  Trfntty  (H)ll«fre  In  that  unimenlty, 
where  wo  beUeve  he  graduated  both  as  bachelor 
of  artM  and  bacholor  of  medlchie.  In  hi«  profefi- 
fllon  he  waK  distlngriiAtied  at  oitc«  hy  his  akill  and 
hla  activo  benevolcnco,  and  ho  acted  a.4  Hon. 
Secretory  of  the  S^x-lety  for  the  etitAlilUhnient  of 
Bath»  jind  WajshhooHe*. 

Aired  (*2,  John  FremoD,  e-M|.  of  Sliltord  Lodge, 

At  UltLstow,  u^mI  3h,  .Imnea  OITjmh,  eM|.  of 
H.M.  Cnitotns,  London,  wm  of  the  lutci  WUUam 
irlb«on,  e*ci,  II. D,  and  nephew  of  th«  Utc  Wrtlt<»r 
Bahio,  osri.  M.P,  for  Orcontick. 

hi  MUlTMuk-At,  Jane,  Tflitt  of  .Tobn  firftnt,  esq. 
ni  K'  ni-M.-tMii-tfreon, 

.\<  »  !  ?yrf.  agtBd  71,  E]lij;«l>elh.  rohct  ot 
Hfiii '  ii  naiil,ni«|,  of  Denioworth  Lynch  Estate, 
lh:rts  Ainl  formtrrly  wiflqw  of  Sir  John  Trrtihohu, 
Koynl  Ntisy. 

At   IIe«^nesl^ronT;l^   m. 
Ilt'iime,  wife  m' 

At  Farm  Ilii 
ret,  relict  of  rlr  i       i 

In  KuHiingtoTi'sq.  u^cU  ^ 

At  MtltoiiKm-Thaiiiefl,  ji 
Hnudi^lay,  of  Hamilton-])], 
of  Henry  MandaJay,  ewi. 

At  Frome  Selwuod,  agod  (ST,  Mn.  Palmer. 

Al  London  Cohiey,  near  at*  AJhin^,  Herti, 
h,  nidow  of  W.  Bobena,e»ii.  A.H,  of  Lin- 
111. 

iLcltenhom,  aged  76,  Simon  Davie  Boldu- 
5011,  evj.  M,l>.  Ibmiftrlyof  I'.n  r   't. 

At  rckflelfl,  Suvex,  age  '  nioraaa 

Christopher  ItolilDson,e«q.  >  i  tr  of  the 

Gold»treaiii  Ooard». 

At  Alphington,  near  Exeter  BgvA  07,  Dorothy, 
widow  of  the  Rer.  William  Tfndol.  late  Hector  of 
KinMHtrm,  Wurceatcr-iih.  dnd  Chaplain  of  the  Tower 
ofLomlffTii. 

At  Cheltenham,  aipwl  'Jl*.  Anne,  relict  of  the 
Her.  Arltitir  Tredelt,  Rector  of  Newliavon  4ii»1 
Southovcr,  Svi^wei.  ^ 

At  KlriLMnii   Cr.i  s   r.irlM^n, 
Leonai-ii 
and  BhI 
oftbel<. 
rortmionili, 

/"#*,  ao.    At  Ororopton-irt-c. 
Wife  of  noU'Tt  ri.vrKf , .  .1  ur- 

AtT]\. 
Jame»  t 

At  r, 


^ahviiy.  ElixA-Dillon- 
rured93,  Marga- 

I  hull  ml  I 
s  n,  widow 


.Ml   !«.W!lll,iti. 


acred  7ft,  Anne, 
-if  HTcriMioL 
,  Sarah,  wjl^of 


J* 


Ho 


i»,'ea  »i&,  Ltent. 
Mktci  >-']  tH«  Rf>yal  Horite 


Kf.  .    .1  . 
natii-.t-i  . 

Agwl  21,  lx>uiNi,  wife  »-f  P,  Tr.  rifr^itle,  etQ.  of 
t^k-nlla*,  tloUoway,  aii4  L«iH«afd*st,  ■oJicilor. 


t  the  late 
pojiular 


At  CamberweU,  «c«(l  74.  Elbabelta,  w(do«r  of 
licTtJaitiin  Hazwon,  aiq«  late  of  Hackney  and  Bo- 
tolph-lauet  City. 

A '-  Kiln  '1  >  I  wn  l^RTwnage,  Kent ,  in  hitt  nittth  year, 
11  ine-BercAfonl,  s<oeond   »on   of   the 

1:  I  jfTiaon*  M.A.  Incutnhcnt  of  Chrfait 

C  !  iwn,  and  domestic  chaplain  to  the 

Lord  \  iM^ouut  &ervflfnn1. 

At  hb  residence,  WTiite  Hoiiw,  Marnby  Moor, 
afG<l  73»  Richaivl  IlLHl^kni'-jn,  eM|.  late  of  Morton 
Granire,  neJir  fN 

In  Sloatie-»r  .  Mary  Homcaistlc. 

In  Ilia  '24th  y i  t  ffi^ti  of  hi& tlrt'jsslng- 

gown  having  ewuKlit  isrt,  CliurlCfJ  Kavaiau^h^  esq. 
of  Borris  Honse,  co.  C/irlow.  He  wii»  the  second 
fwn  of  Tliomii!^  K(»ir?m.nrli,  >■-<[■  Ml'-  fur  .;..,  Car- 
low,  who  iUed  In  iHir,  ly 
Harriot  Blargoret  Le  i  rl 
Earl  of  Clancjuiy.  H  I'y 
eatates  not  long  ahiei:  Ly  the  lie^ith  ui  iiL,  tlder 
brotlier ;  <ind  was  to  havt'  bwin  mnrrieil  cm  i-aiter 
Mouday  to  a  yoiing  lady  of  tho  co.  Meaih.  He  has 
left  one  sunivtrnj  bnjther,  Arthur  Kavaua«:h, eaq» 

At  Liverpool^  aged  60,  Samuel  MCullochf  esq. 
M.R.C.S. 

At  Dublin,    '■  i  (\. 

3rd  Dragoon  i  <Ttt 

Douglrt-,;  C  B 

At  Fii^  "1- 

son,  wi'l  rt- 

AtlllL  1/ 

a  eteam-e4t::iue  itutti- 

At  C^irisbrooke,  I  >r, 

ei»i|.  Conift  'ii^tfi  T.'  ia 

the  Ron  .  irjii-sfiioii 

in  the  i  <<¥Mtd*ei 

nftv  V.'.  -     ■'  -mwaWli. 
■    's                            v\i',l!jiin  l^l^l^in^,  hite  Phy- 

^l,  Rnborl  Rhodes,  esq. 

A^cl  il"4,  Wllliiiu  Tilt,  c*f|,  of  Clornnont^M. 

At  Buihey  Lodge,  llerU,  tigt^  M,Thomu«  Wat. 
vin,  «iq. 

Aged  7S,  Wm.  Wftkn,  «*[,  of  Bristol . 

/V*.  aL  At  Worcester,  ugi-d  21,  Anue-Jane, 
elfUs^t  4Uu.  of  tlie  Kev,  R.  S.  Barton,  E.D.  Rector 
of  Hey<4ham,  Lauc. 

At  Croas^reen,  Gapd,  t^std  19,  Martha,  wife  of 
•Tuhii  Brooke,  eftq. 

At  Lim^oUit  age"!  71,  Edward   I  i.-*- 

wonh,  o*q.   M.D.  pby*ifian  lo  ti  iro 

Limntic  A*yluin,  and    brother  >  i  J. 

Charle«wort!i,  I.ato  of  Ifwwl.  h, 

JaoeKJnl let,  wife  of  J.  E,  ll,  Cortln,  o»q,  of  Uo- 
colnVton,  barrlster-ut-laH 
Ute  Dr.  John  Major  \\ 

In   Lttti»downe-cr< 
Mnl'ir-iVr--  '^ir   Riclm. 

oil  I  ^  '  chUd  ni  .Im,  ,     ,  ,,,1- 

lii  widow  of  On  I  St* 

V II  i2  was  ntarrk' :  !  lo- 

heny  in  Hi.'». 

At  hU  residence,  StonohooM;.  ai^e^l  G4.  Majfor 
Witltjun,  nnmracll,  H^le^t  m^i  nf  rhe  late  LlenL- 
(,.  ■        ,  'S. 

ton  of  Tbomaa 

iMttt9ara> 
i  burn  In 
md  «nb- 


lier?  <iif  tUi'  r'tvdl  fill  I 
of  our  noblhty.    A 


.lobnut/iii.  lijirt.  of  tbJit  Uk,  nml  m  llUtown,  Alw- 
dfOenatiire. 


T^leat  dau.  of  the 

phhi,    wifb   fif 
^Tir  wTi^  ilie 


ib 


4&2 


Obituary. 


CApril, 


Aft  Keirpot^i  ^'  ^'^  Jones,  eiq.  jmrgeon. 
At  MaldoD,  flfred  T!>«  Wm.  Lawreoce,  chq. 

At  C4iinb«rwell-grovo,  KciineUi  MAcB«e,  esq,,  of 
Her  MAjfisly'ii  Treiiitiiry. 

At  SoDthunirron,  aged  46,  Jolin  8.  Miinrnprford, 
esq.  only  sun  of  Jolm  MutitiiKton],  cmi.  of  Clirion, 
Bristol. 

At  St.  Jdinc^'rs-i.l,  Hainp»lead-raittl,  otjeU  6S^ 
Anna-Maria,  widow  tif  St«i|ili6n  UattiNall.  ti-tq. 

At  (ircAt  Yamiouth,  ugcrt  15,  Walttr  Kay,  e«q, 
lAte  of' rostock,  SutTolk. 

In  ilrrat  Ftuttctl-ft.  BloamMbiuy,  ngeA  G0«  Ca|tt. 
Henry  Netilacin  Smiths  R.E. 

At  Wintt^rbourncjjloue.  agi^d  36,  Loui«a-Agne«, 
wife  of  Wm.  Tanner,  i'M\. 

At  Kniilflen  [laui«e,  llcrwlckjth.  Han-icl,  reJlot 
of  Juine^b  WL1kit\  psq.  ][\n.  of  Fotilden,  thinl  diiu- 
of  tlie  Ifttc  Sir  P.ol.tTl  L>AlyelI,  Part,  of  Hinn*. 

Fi^.  22.  At  Br^ntfurtl,  Aged  79«  Ann,  mhltmt 
lUn.of  tlio  late  George  Barton,  »ci.  of  tlu;  Iiile 
of  Wight. 

At  Lyiin,  Aged  S9,  Mm.  Carter,  mother  of  T.  A. 
Carter,  e^q. 

At  Waddon.  Croydon,  aged  34,  G«orge,  el^cwt 
torvirlnfT  Aoo  af  0«or|[tA  Cliareinorfi,  «9q. 

At  IjMwicli,  AfTcd  AH,  Ulchanl  EclAcutuiJO  C]ie> 
Yallter,  esq.  son  of  t)ie  Late  Uev .Temple  tinke  Che> 
vallicT,  of  Eadlni^liAm. 

At  UorsilnKton,  Som.,  W.  M,  I>(iiUn>j^tcin.  e«q. 

At  Korthoiid,  t>ml,  aKetl  7'i»  Lieut.  Mjiuttew 
Druw,  fonuerly  of  tlie  llt^t  I'Mt,  in  wlikh  lie 
»erviu>il  in  tlic  I'eniuhnlnr  wnr,  but  lute  on  lialf-jMiy 
of  ttie  Knyal  WagtfOii  Tnidi. 

At  Bristol,  ItBiiiel,  wife  of  Richard  Fry,  nnd 
datt.  otEAwarA  Va^n^v,  ttf  Darliiij^ton. 

At  ffiiig^briilijcc,  agcii  73,  Tlioituis  Elarrlii,  eu^q. 
lolldtor,  clexk  to  the  Khi^^'uLiridi^o  lulon. 

At  St.  Lokc'A,  AevM-y,  nnvii  1^,  Mttrija.  relict  of 
John  Laing,  t»s*j-  kto  uf'lhiminWn  uinl  JIuddo,N.n. 

At  BouJoKne-Aur-Mer,  navtl  tiij,  lit  tiry  pAltmcwm, 
CM. eldest  «on  of  the  late  Itev.  Henry  l^attoson,  of 
Drkkitoiio,  Siiflblk. 

At  HatDeld  Fever«l,£ii^x,  a^-d  90.  Kitty,  relict 
of  Witi.  Utiflh,  (ttq.  and  motlier  of  Mr^.  Turucr,  St. 
Helen's,  Ipswich. 

At  Lancaster,  advanced  In  yoAr>»,  Elijuibell], 
daa,  oftlie  late  George  Suul,  esq. 

At  StannleaU  Uujy,  Uerm,  ugtd  Ha,  Iajiuo  Sully, 

At  E4ut  iH^reliaiii.  aged  99,  Isabella,  vi  idow  of 
Wm.  Wurciip,  e*4\,  sun^eim  «n  the  itafr  of  the  Lite 
Duke  of  York,  iu  the  Ketheriands,  and  afterw&rdA 
stair  itirgeon  in  the  Ulaud  of  St.  Vincent. 

Id  Chesterlield-^r.  MAy-fwir.  oifcd  73>  the  Hon, 
Soplila  I'pton,  M!)tcr  to  the  lute  and  aunt  to  the 
pwscnt  LoPd  VisHouiit  TiMnpIetonn, 

/W».S3.  At  the  hoiuw  tinier  mhi  Mr,  11.  BatIiot, 
LeJeeaterr,  Eliza,  relict  oflinrhy  U.irlH^r,  c«q. 

At  Nieo,  affod  1'i,  tlic  Most  Nuble  Oeunsinna 
dowagf-r  I>uche*«  of  lledforii.  Her  Umco  was  the 
fifth  dmi^liier  of  Ah'^AtidiT  4tli  Duke  of  Cfordoii, 
by  Jane  2iid  dau.  of  Sir  Willi.tin  Muxvrell,  Burt. 
Bhe  beaune  lu  1^03  itie  second  wife  of  John  tA^th 
Buke  of  Bedford,  K  fi,  nnd  was  left  UU  wldovn  yn 
tlieaoth  Oct.  183' I,  '  '     .»methe  mother  of 

eight  sons  and  li  ■.-,  of  whom  till,  i\\« 

eept  two  of  tlie    i  c    Tii'-  >enutiful 

resldeuco  of  l|ic  tfiu  i  >  "   ',  Ken- 

aUigtoo.baa  been  tl/e  fHN  hlon- 

abto  world  during  the  -■>.  .  poibt. 

At  Haiitings,  aged  tPt,  iii/JiiK'irj,  win*  ot  Mi^ar 
Burrows. 

At  Bdper,  Derby<*h.  jictH  /rCt,  Harriet,  reiki  of 
Laufttnee  Carr,  e-M      ' 

At  Fronsc,  aee^.  *  »lles,  cs^^.  formerly 

of  SonUiwick ,  hi  t  M  ark . 

At  CheJtcnImm.  u^ru  ^.s.  ni'iu7  lleodtey, esq. 

At  lfn.«hy-cott«2Ti?.  llMJiii^ton-eourt,  »igvA  G3, 
Qwtrge  W-  Keii»tMfi,  t'u\ 

At  St.  L-  '  '  '- .  y  '     .  '  ■■      ,tt,e*q. 

Clerk  of  .1. 

At  Hart    I  h\.  «e> 

eond  and  nim  HiHunrik'  "fi  "e  .\nii».  ^u  >Mniiiel 
Pym,  K.l-Ml.  Ike. 


Hf> 


In  QloiijC6»ter-terr.  Hyde-^pirk,  mgtA  4| 
£lixat«tli  ItolnnMin. 

At  IsMnfTton,  aged  78,  Mrs.  Stiiu,  rrUei  of  Ro- 
bert Sims,  Gjiq. 

At  Danniflgbain  rectory,  Eleanor.  wUb  of  thi* 
Itev.  S.  lYueman,  M  .A.  Curate  of  B«iiiilnj(liatti. 

At  the  hooAe  of  her  father.  Thee.  Brtdgiaaxit  <^i 
Bury  St.  EdinundS,  aj^l  26,  Fautiy,  wife  of  ihn 
Iter.  .lolm  1'.  Walters,  of  Bucklaud  ilmiafhiirtini 

Feb.  24.  At  Bradft>nl,  a^  ft3,  kUry.  wUlo«  or 
WilUam  Bacon,  esq.  of  WotVerhacniitoii. 

At  the  rtwideneeof  hcrhruthcr-in-law  Mr,  Hodi? 
htiu,  solkitor,  Uockley-hill,  Blnnini^tiam,  Jane, 
fourt}i  dsu.  of  tlie  Intc  €hiirle«  Bardswell,  raq-  w- 
lliitur,  L(u*riMMd. 

At  SudUnry.  rk^ed  \.t2.  M1«s  iHdiinir. 

Atfwt  7C,  Chflrlotto,  wife  of  Thonm*  GoldfMry,  e«5| 
ofCnnoij^lriB. 

At  the  nxHidentfl  of  tier  father.  O.  Potn.  eaq,  »« 
Loil^o.  Sitllibury,  aued  32.  Elisabeth,  wife  of  E«l 
ward  *\  UllI,  e5S4|.  of  Cr?iii borne. 

At  IJiunl>ar,  ni^rtr  Ennif^kiUen,  Caroline-CktlMS 
riue,  wife  of  Capt.  J.  S.  Kuon,  42tid  Dent^al  Lighi 
Inf.  and  weond  dan.  of  BoU*rt  Llndi«.qi,  e*<i,  <>r 
Fairfield,  Beds. 

/VA.  2&«  Aifwl  t;-  [  JoUti  Memry 

Bortou,  ettq.  of  Bn 

III  London,  ai^'> I  iinda-Eiittiia- 

Miirla  Butler,  tliinl  *liin.  of  the  la^^ht  Hun.  U>rxl 
DiinlKj)Tie, 

At  IlyercA,  near  Tnnlon, aged  l§,  Henry-Kraiti^^*. 
youu(7Q«t  Aon  of  the  Kev.  J.  B.  B.  Chirks*,  oif  it«K- 
Itorough,  Someri>ei. 

At  Crreat  Yaminnth,  a^ftl  IS5,  Jatw,  wlitiTw  of 
tfcorgc  Evcrltt,  c*q,  of  Caiftcr  Oaatle. 

At  Uauttey.  N.h.  a(;ed  tV2,  f kbert  Fcir)7llt,aq. 
Uto  of  Comidll  and  Claphaiu-rlse, 

At  Hillworth,  Derlxes,  aged  66,  Anna,  vtfk  «r 
John  Orunt,  esq.  of  Manntagfbinl  Bmc*.  Wnti, 

At  Hloxhaifi,  Oxf,  ^rcd  TS.Thmtittt  rhtTTlTrr.  r^. 

Aged  tii^  nenr\    '  ':  i 

CoL  tirenndicr  t< 
OfYurJt,  lie  mat  I 

Ith  dau.  <jf  tie  Ute  l.jfl  ..io.vli-rM   ui.l  Vf.rf  fifiuf 
hut  by  that  lady,  who  «iirvive«  him,  he  had 


ivme 

Ai   ' 

A! 

ThMi 

At   11 


11  -Col,  llawthonte. 
ls  MIdxoinor  K'>rtofi,   aged  T$. 

9,  Warwiekshh-e,  aifed  Tit,  i 
dee,  eiM|. 

At   Ejtuter,  a^cd  ^i,  .Tnhn  lunea  IVKe<^||«Jtt 
late  of  Winel>iL*l-<  I 

At  /jjumfiitie-,  .  Franee,  aged  C 

Sarah- lUirtun .  tt  i  ^f r*rttntfr  fir.itT\r 

She  wtw  thedrtii  ' 

married  in  IHil.). 

AtllevworthM 
CHii.  of  York. 

Agttl  70,  t^eorKc  Steed,  M.D.  of  Jv^i 

At  Dahlou,  a^rd  23,  Mi4li-Ariioh) 
Jamea  Tlmr*t«p».  cviq.  unly  dan.  of  »  illi 
c-*i|.  of  I  huiilev. 

At  HiL  li  Wvr'ojr,!,  Ji~td  7^.  T?nVrt  WhrrTrr  r^i 
tiro'.i,     '  "■;     -  ,'     :, 

Tlir  f 

the  t. 

h](o  \ys%^  .1  h:\\\h. 
/V6.  S«.    At  \ 
Ko.'cmfi  Othn,   rm: 
An/,  ■ 

CCMM 

C.  \ 

A' 

Da 

\vv 
He 

a^  '  1 

Al     .  ..  ,1 

SrfM  li.rv  rt|    I  II  It  Od' 

lif  Hull. 


Ic^, 


•sH  hi,  SplrhUoiMll 


7r«,  Mm,  Prte^tnian,  one  el  i 
,  tlnter  to  iMdc  hrlesliiiaji«  f^T 


1853.] 


Obituary, 


45d 


At  thfl  hontc  of  Tlioin&»  SheTTVood,  esq.  Shor- 
wnfor,  Byflwt,  ciRed  76.  MIm  Sopliin  ShcHmrd. 

At  PakL'ttc'iat  atfeil  72,  N&tiianiel  Squire,  e*ii. 
Itoyjil  Niivy, 

At  Lfttk^tliorpo,  near  HIpoit,  itgeil  M>,  Ritiluml 
William  StningT^aycs,  aq.  eldest  son  of  the  l»te 
It,  P.  StrangTvayt-*,  e*<|.  of  Well  and  of  Boottiani, 
CO.  Vnrk. 

Fib,  '27.  At  the  Weltrlibntlgy,  neuir  Fiivei'^bam, 
nifed  8'2»  ThorortA,  eldest  aoh  of  the  late  John 
Abttfitt,  e*iq.  of  St.  Duiv»t«n\s  Canterbury. 

At  llroinpton,  ElSiabeUi,  wife  of  Dr.  F.  A,  E. 
d'Alqucn. 

At  Bcaumout  Lod^^e,  Old  Windsor,  ivc^cd  7V3, 
Henrj-  Kvery^  c^.  elde*t  srm  of  Sir  nonr>'  Every, 
Bart,  of  Eyjjini^ton  IMl,  l>erbj"*ltire.  He  was 
fontierly  hi  tJie  Life  irTiiirdti.  He  luarrled  nr«t,  in 
IH'iii,  MurlA-CliiiHottL",  (luu.  of  the  Verj  Rev. 
Cburl'^  Talbot,  iV^n  of  Salisbury;  secoudly,  in 
!»S9,  Oifl  Hon.  Car<jUiie' Flower,  si-^tcr  to  the  i>rc- 
Mjnt  Vi*c'ouiit  Ashbrook  ;  and  tbintly,  in  ]ib4-t, 
Jane,^tdowof  trcorj^e  rowney,  es<j.  and  uhiej<t 
di»u.  tyf  the  Hcv.  Sir  George  llobinMin^  L'drt.  Hh 
tiifrd  wife  aur>1vfn  him. 

In  Dover-at.  aijed  4  a,  Com  in.  Preornc  Auj^n^tuis 
Henry,  R.N*  Htf  vrits  a  »«  of  .to!  in  Josieph  Henry, 
e«q.  of  StralTan,  co.  Klldare,  by  tlie  I^ly  Emlly- 
Elixttbetli  FitzCerald,  «ister  to  tlic  I>uke  of  Ign- 
iter ;  And  a  younj^r  brother  to  Cjipt.  Ibt^tlngs 
Reginald  Henry,  It.N.  He  entenMl  the  mivy  in 
tiie  Prince  Heifcnt  1 20 ;  w«Ji  lu  llie  Tulbot  W  at 
tlic  iMttle  €f  Navarino ;  becntue  Lieutenant  IK^S^i, 
and  Commjinder  J84K  He  nMjrved  for  six  teen 
yearn  on  fiill  iiay«  He  married  In  ]iH45  EtheU 
droda-Lucy-KuilIy,  only  dun,  of  the  luto  TJout.- 
Col.  Ferris,  Trcaauper  of  Maurlliitn. 

At  Wandswortli,  ugal  ."jH,  Hj*rrlBt»  wife  of  Jitine<i 
HowfU,  bju}.  And  younK«iftdau.of  the  UteTIuittmH 
ive^t  esq.  of  Cbertftey*  Surray* 

At  L>nver»  ^^e\  Hi,  Thoaofu  Jones,  o^.  late  of 
Da  wild  u  Devon. 

Mrd*  Luooji,  wife  of  tbQ  Ttev.  C.  Lncaa,  ai  Dc- 
vizca*. 

At  Anderton,  MIIII>roDk,C4)niwull,  Jane,  widow 
rjf  C*ipt.  WUlUiti  iItCu]]«-h,  It.N.  fonncrly  of 
the  Blockade  Service. 

At  KennEiitftoii,  Surrey,  %ged  Gti,  John  Muc- 
ilLiE'^'U,  CMi.  of  rotu«i,  JaiuoJca. 

At  Cheitenluini,  Siiniti-Hnrrlet,  widow  of  John 
Jfytton,  vsni.  !ien,  of  ILil^ton,  Salop.  She  was  tlie 
third  dnu,  of  VVni.  Mo<vn  Owoji.  i-i*ii.  of  Wood- 
houiw?,  CO,  Salop,  by  iJehecca,  *1»lci-  to  Diunia^s 
Crewe:  Dod,  ejMj.  of  Ed^m,  in  Cliei*lUre  :  and  was 
ulster  to  the  late  Laily  Berwick-  She  wd»  married 
in  lllih,  and  left  a  widow  In  ITM,  Imvin^  liad 
iiMiie  the  late  Jnlm  Mytton,  e*i|.  MJ'.  for  Shrews- 
bury, who  died  in  \^'M,  and  one  dau^'hler.  Hnr- 
rtet-tlulH?*:ea,  who  wa,i  tlw!  first  wife  of  tlic  iirescnt 
&\r  John  UtfDketb  Kethbndgej  Bart,  but  died  bi 
1»2G. 

At  Bumham  Sutton,  Norfolk,  oj^cd  G'l,  Mr. 
John  Ovcnunnt  on«  of  the  ohk'%t  of  the  tenantry 
on  the  Holkbam  e&tate. 

At  Honiton^ageil  ^9,  Mi^^  A.  Pcarve,  tlun,  of  the 
h»tc-Dr,  I\'ar«c, 

At  Mordcii  Collejri?,  BljicklieJith,  tQtA  Tt>.  Mr. 
Itdbcrt  Geurge  Sletdl,  late  of  IsUufftoii. 

At  Ulchiuond.  Surrey,  aged  90,  Jli*s  Jane  WatU, 
havhi^'  hiirvivcd  ber  Mister,  the  lato  Lady  Mont- 
fort,  five  year^, 

ffb.'J»,    At  Cliiftwick.  ii(fc*d  1<>.  ^% 

eldest  eion  of  the  Late  Lieut.  Ttio,  I ' 

At   RratsJii^eM   Hou'*e,  nenr    I;  ,:*, 

Cui-ollnc^liiiie.  wife  of  the  l?ev.  ,l*iijii^  liavit***, 
K«etor  of  Baddcaley  and  Chilworth,  and  only  eldld 
of  Win.  (Jwrw*'  Jeiinin|f*,GM|.  of  GaUdionl->»t, 

At  Tatton  fHrk,  CI)C4hire,  EUjcAbetb,  wife  of 
WilbrohAui  E^rton,  cmi.  She  was  tho  «cco«id 
dau.  of  Sir  C-hri»topbor  Sykc«,  of  SMmorc,  York- 
shire, Bsirt.  by  EliMbeth,  dau.  of  Wm.  Tatton,  of 
\Vlvite?^h!iw,  eo,  Cheiihirc,  ftMi.  She  wait  uurrii5<t 
in  IHrnt  to  tier  eouAin  Afr.  E^ertun^  arul  luid  a  nu- 
rocroiiB  Eunily,  of  whom  the  eldest  Is  Win.  Tuilon 
Ejfprtoii,  esq.'M.r.  fwr  Che*Ulrc. 


At  Hadley.  aged  90,  Frances,  widow  of  Jesepli 
Green,  esq.  of  St.  Lawrence,  Es>i^x. 

In  London,  aged  ^4,  EdlUui  Hore  Hatcliell, 
qilnster. 

James  MarH«  Mackiu,  esq.  of  Stockwell-park- 
rood,  formerly  of  Dlnaporo. 

In  Sloane-ftt.  aged  66^  Mr«.  Mordaunt. 

A I  BaiTif^tuple,  ogod  G9,  Cborles  Roberta,  esq. 

At  Croydon,  Bged  tl,  Mary  Sterry,  a  dlstin* 
giiiifhed  minifter  of  the  Society  of  Frieudii. 

At  Qxfcirfl-terr.  o^d  79,  Mr*.  Charlotte  Woke, 
only  survlTln^^  filter  of  the  late  Sir  Win.  Wako,  Bt, 

March  1.  At  Ame.^bury,  aged  71,  Charlotte 
Best  Betho,  siHter  of  O.  B,  BatUo,  t^. 

At  Bbihopstrow,  ne-iu*  \Vanuiti!«ter,iiged  73,ML*» 
M,  P,  Davlv. 

At  Bath,  Elizabeth,  dau.  M  the  Bov,  ll.  Bhic  i- 
moro,  Iftte  fteetor  nlOonhejid  St.  JkLiry,  Wilt*. 

A^M  HI  1,  John  D<)ck.Hcy,  c?w|.  lute  of'x>ough'y-«t. 

In  Vpiier  llarley-st.  age^l  Hl»,  Edward  (iold- 
ftmid,  esq. 

At  Kensington,  aged  G^/riioma-iGoo^ldiild,  e^), 
of  Worren-st,  Rt/:roy'.*wi,  and  litte  of  Doddtngton* 
grove,  Kcnnington. 

At  IBHwortli,  Dcvlte*,  illM  Euphemia  HaniH- 
tan  Keek. 

In  Park-pla<*  Vilhis,  agetl  IJJ.  Hannah,  dam  of 
the  late  Henry  Henderson,  om).  of  Calcutta. 

At  Southampton,  ageil  6S,  Edward  Hide.  esq. 
late  of  Her  Majesty *:»  Custom^. 

Aired  23,  Su«an  Legoasicke,  younger  dun.  of  the 
Rev.  Sir  IMiilip  Perring,  Ikirt. 

At  Edintiridgc,  ageil  (J'J,  Rosetta,  \rldow  of  Plil- 
lip  Phillips,  esq. 

Agwl  fii,  Ihonnw  Philip  Pitikstock,  esq.  of 
'Mnity-wi-  ISouthwHrk ,  ami  foriacirlly  of  BeUxe, 
Jlondnraa,  where  he  was  for  many  yean  one  of  tihe 
chief  mogl.Hilrati!!^  aufl  merclwnts. 

At  Log  HolU  Old  Ford^  Fanny,  wife  of  CeorgQ 
Peoare  pooock,  e-rfi- 

In  I*11nj^or] ,  aged  7^»,  Eltxabetb,  widow  of  tlie 
llev,  Joslah  Ifatt,  Vicar  of  St.  Stephen's,  Cole- 
man'tft. 

At  Car'«halton,  ttip  msidcnce  of  her  son-in-law 
Thomiuk  D.  Baintjriilk'c,  e**'!-  Aged  77,  Sarali-Bor- 
liara,  relict  of  Robert  JUekonU,  ewi-  formerly  of 
Wimpole-st* 

At  Taanton,  aged  75,  J.  p.  Sorgcnfr^,  fbnneiif 
iiiteiiircter  end  inspector  of  foreign  recruitM  under 
Sir  J.  Moore,  and  <>ubj)cquentty  Lieut,  of  Boroa 
tioHe's  Swi!w<  regunenl,  in  the  sonice  fjf  the  British 
Oor^mnient,  in  which  he  woa  uctiveJy  engagied 
until  rhc  peace  in  iftl^V 

AfanA  a.  At  BalhKhuiylo,  Wm.  Maxwell  Alex- 
ander, c^ij.  of  Ti  i1 !..!.. fiuiyk\  Ayrshire. 

In  W.  I  Hg^  Mr.  Joseph 

Baker,  i  urt  of  Asslttanlfe 

of  the  M  ;  ly  an  tfminent 

mjii>-etigni\ er ,  uud  i  ■■-, ij uTictUin  wiUi 

bis  brother,  Mr.  Br  i  ,  who  was  the 

prindpid  engraver  ill  '  inlu.ince.  Mr. 

Benjamin   liaker  wm  .wti  from 

bL^   philiintfiropii:   ;ir  i-i   under 

NeniciJcc  of  deatti,  ]  -.ite.    He 

died  in  July  IMl.  .^lu  born 

■bout  I7<J<>,  in  Gre^u  l^ae.    iQ 

I7t»7  he  bccanie  j  F  Mpanyof 

SMduoeret  wu-^  i^t- 

anfeein  ISS5,u<  [h*> 

ytan  le^an-i  ,*d 

for  Ids  intelilgeiK-c  jjihI  mrlj.uuty  <>}"  luamicr?-,  tlmt 
its  J«40,  on  tlio  diyith  df  Mr.  Aldorman  Veuablei, 
bo  w^^  I'lc^tid  (Mil'  of  tlie  Stot^'k^kcepo's,  for  the 
uidim^'c  I ;  I  <  LtJiliiJou  eoocenu  of  the  Gom- 

pftiiy .  Ltfds  annuaBf  rejected,  for 

tiie  la>t  I V  ery  few  hour*  of  hfi  deceaie. 

AtC'H  Hyde  Pork, aged  73, Martha^ 

relktfM  i,p,  evj. 

At  >t  figed  70,  Thomas  WhitJIeUl 

Browne,  ►  -|. 

AffiHl  6w.  li.  Cuthbert,  ewf.  of  Colnuy-hatcl). 

At  Stotkwtjil,  Martha,  elrier  dau.  of  the  laie  Rev* 
Thcimas  Ktherington,  and  tiiece  of  the  late  Eight 
Rev.  Dr,  Vm»  Mlldert,  Lgrd  BlAhoj»of  Dtirkam. 


Obitdary. 


[  April, 


At  Sattrfm  WftUlen,  aged  M,  StfAli,  relict  of 
Jobn  Good,  eati. 

At  Mellwnni^  Chimh.  i4{ed  65,  Ueut  Jutnes 
Gosnolrl,  R,N.  leaving;  a  wife  onci  itlx  cbildreii  to 
lamciTir  their  lO'w.  Hl^  entertsd  the  •crrice  in  !•*<», 
ttntl  wan  TUttde  Lieut-  IB16 ;  s!nce  T«'hi<*h  tfnip  Itc 
Imd  bC(3Ti  uti  balf-VAy. 

A^e4  A.*^^  ChurtN  JomcN    Griesboch.    esq.    of 

At  Falmrmlh.  iit't^''.  lo.  HiiiTJct.  'Ifin.  of  tlte  Utc 
W.  S.  Liisr  ,  Kaxt  Inmes. 

and  ffnijv'  i  rick,  K.N, 

At    TTHiI    :  ilL.     of    tllP     ktf"! 

Ral]'!!  L'  •      :    M,.  of  Lou^iurd  iluU,  ShroTi*hirtt, 
Atll.il      .  ,  iifiAr  Ilirmlnghain,  afred  73,  J»mea 

Pear     I,      , 
AtDdiii!    1      ,        '1 -:i^^  Jervif,  oldest  flon  of  thti 

late  J*?n'i-.  f '-«>, 

Agc^t  11,  N    I    Si    [  It:,  thej  eminent  kalbd  com- 

At  Saudi wtt)%  Cliesiiirc,  agoi\  fi7»  EllEabetb-Kf- 
na^ton,  widow  of  tht  Ttov,  Cliarloft  Thcimjcroft, 
and  dan.  of  the  iHt*?  Hon.  Booth  Grey,  Mcond  son 
of  thtt  4tli  Karl  of  Stanford.  Slie  waj*  innrried  in 
18211,  and  left  a  widow  In  IKIO. 

At  Bidoford,  Mrw.  W  atkiii,*',  sUtcr-iu-law  tfi  Dr. 
WatkiTi)^,  the  hMioriun,  of  Uideforfl. 

MarrA  3.  At  Fxlin^lj:,,  sl^^T  ><7,  O^rge  Bhtlr, 
otq,  formerly  of  Lo^:-  I'l  i 

At  SouthwfiM^ut  jin  Mrn.  Blakely. 

widow  of  Mr.  Jliomci"  III  tdti'rook'e.itnd 

dan.  of  the  laie  Utrr.  John  Kiiivcit,  iimny  yeiir* 
Hector  of  that  pnHjih. 

At  Wykf  ii  iLi),  til  Ills  (Wh  yc4ir,  the  flon.  Alan 
Chiij-k-s  J  ►..  -nil  of  tlie  Vta4^ount  Downe. 

Al  Aril'  niijjna*  Puke,  esq* 

At  Norn  Lti  nh,  Jolin  Harnett,  esq. 

At  liunmitrsuulU,  .lut'd  Ta,  Capt.  Gftorg«  Fen- 
iHsr  HuRhes,  lute  uf  tlie  lion.  Ea#t  India  Coio- 
I>any*9  Bombay  Eat^il'lbihmcnl^ 

At  New  Crn**,  tinted  8 1 ,  Martrnret,  relict  of  Alex- 
ander SlrajMion,  c^q. 

At  Porti>lKllo,  K  linl  iiiJn  igud  18,  Mrs.  J.  A. 
I>.  Sinclair,  wid.  .Hon  I.  C,  Sinclair, 

lat©  of  the  Hell".  '  Hdf«t  *ifla.  of  the 

late  MnJor-tj«n.  I  .  .\laoGregor. 

AlSiJa,aet'd»]7,  Cii't  j;  rUrt  htn-Htftlld,  1{.N. 
Ho  W05I  the  fourth  son  of  Siindiforth  StrcTlfelld, 
eaq.  of  Lcmg  Ditton»  by  IrancM,  tlan.  of  Thrjmut 
Utuseyt  e*].  of  A^hford.  He  entertid  tlvc  lutvy  in 
lt99,  wan  niiide  Licol,  IMW>tHn<l  Conimonder  iHl,") ; 
slnee  which  datis  he  had  not  l^wn  aMoat.-  He  served 
for  fourteen  yearn  on  full  pay.  Ho  mftrrled  In 
IS«0,  Mi-"*  Dorothy  Wallers  Cooper,  who  died  In 
1^51. 

At  BL«ho]»'{t  Stortford,  Elixalielli,  Mcetid  dau.  of 
Jwhn  Taylor,  e«q. 

At  the  re»ldtiii  c  if  1».  r  rriotKii.f,  near  Em^ter, 
aged  3ft.  Klistabti  l  irderlek  Ver- 

non, 0*1.  of  Hui  lle«ei. 

In  BorrinjiTtfin  d  GO,  Q«orge 

William  Totthg,  o-^'i,  tf  the  Sto-.k  EAchnnRe. 

Marfft4,  Ae;ed  63,  Mn«.  Mary  Anne  Astell,  of 
Kennint^on 

At  Pai  k  ? 

AlBrlL 
Brerfffm  •  >  >  -      ■       1 

Noi-I  ^  Sir  h'l-uijuinh.  Ijw^irrli). 

AJ!  1 1  late  Cnpt .  Ptnieon by  ^  K ,  K, 

of  sr  ■  ii't. 

At  Ciii  ,  illl,ini  tfumlry,  ct^, 

He  WA»  f'  I  id  in  tJie  litinkitig 

Hrm  of  til, I  i .  frifMid  and  cotitrll 

bntof  to  V  I-. 

In  Park  11  a  pohKitied 

wound,  ill  \  ]\U  dntj    n^ 

Phyikiaji  1 


C£S:. 


penaary.  (a  . 

At  St,  Leonard 's-on 
John  Owen  Parr,  Vhj.i 

AtWanRfonLi! 

At  Penlonvll! 


\  dJ'i 


At  Southomidon.  iiuc^l  ti*,  Locy,  ym 
of  1-  M.I>. 


bell 

Atone  Pll ! 

At    Qvrrr.     '  \ 

both,  relict  tif  Jwmf^  Ji 
laat  sarvirlriff  djm.  of  i 

of  Si.'..<-l.-th<in.f.  )i-'.,. 

,1 : 


(laokiH 

vi:»ia»e« 

114  Gnji;tiy,  caq.  of 


ue*I  T^.  Stiift* 
lul.ani 

uf  Ciiaatleton 
«.U?p«ty-tkirt. 


ed  .11,  Maria, 


tho%viitiuf  W.  \\\  I'Li 

At  Kdinlfiirgh,  Mr  ivfUe   Yil>uu^« 

snrireon,  !«oti  of  the  1.-  :Jr«fw  Yousg, 

I^nark. 

At  Lineoln.  Sanmb-EKiatteUu  wifie  nf  llr  Wm. 
CLirk  WiiMl.i'rk'y,r.ipT  -inly  d.in    r.f  Uie  Ute  K«T. 

M,M  :iNU    rjf  wImmI 

eh'  iriil  Cbflt 

ni<i  'Jftacrliw 

UiKi'  '  >  (Trrobai 

motliiT  Jirid  til  uu  da 

were  04Tin«plc.iUHi 

Afatrh  G.      A  H«««onL   , 

htiUNO  of  her  mn,  lUc  Ikv,  J .  A.  ,Vsliw<»rtli,  MM 
relict  of  riillip  Howard  Aihwtyrth,  oar|.Qf  X|| 
Bants  iif.M'Tt.ilirr.. 


'•^toke,    ILiDtt, 
I  i«  Batfmtr.  UMi, 


rjtii 

A  •    ; 
f:d\vard  : 

In  JV.r 
Jolti.,v.. 
of  r 


tlio  \i[v  ^ir  .1.  :  ■ 

In  iinuit  .fatii 
iSCcond  d^'H.i.  oi 
tho  linn 

At  th. 
brth,  wil' 

of  Crouton,  and  il.m.  - 
Mosley»the  ttrist  Bart 
Flljiftheth*  d<in-  of  .1, 


.tam,z 


14li£,««l 

*:   t^w,aq«fl 

'[.  &iirTei|TW'f9etu*rh| 

iimI'>>..i  Tii«  iiMihar, 

ii»  oiUjr, 

,  Kite** 
Hmctn 
Vmkm 
tor.  «9 


marrie^l  In  lT?>n,  and  buU  a  iiuju-iriyLu  lnull; 
At  PenHt*.  ai 


At  PeTiHi',  aged  7S.  KkliJtrd  ll<MMr,  «t(|.  adr tQi^ 


1  iinmii*  Kewmao,  an^, 

'    KraneU  Ovencmf  ca^. 

:i,  mrtvon. 

»f  CA)rt.  Philips,  hati 

1 'r*<ieU»r-C*i 
I  Ucdw,K  ( 


HMjiUh,  ItiumaalJi-Ullvet,  wifki   vT  9^ 
1  Uunio*,  Bari.  Ouinniatiftar  M  If,     SM 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


455 


wfis  tlie  only  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Henry  Uaynes, 
K.N.  Hud  was  married  in  1843. 

A^ed  45,  George  Thomas,  esq.  of  Winchestor 
House,  Broad-st.  and  Westowe-hill,  Norwood. 

At  Waterloo  Ville,  aged  42,  Thomas  WUliam 
White,  esq.  only  son  of  the  late  Lieut.-C5ol.  White, 
80th  Foot. 

At  Chesnut  Villa,  Malvern  Link,  aged  41,  Geo. 
Willan,  esq. 

March  7.  At  Exeter,  aged  ft8,  Sarah-Eustace, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Edmund  Coffin,  esq.  of  Exe- 
ter and  London. 

At  Ilutliwaitc  Hall,  Agnes,  wife  of  Vincent 
Corbett,  esq. 

At  Counter-hill,  New-cross,  aged*  G5,  Robert 
Gathercole,  esq. 

In  Cambridge-s<i.  Hyde-pork,  aged  69,  Henry 
Harvey,  esq. 

At  Seal  ford  ^ioarage,  near  Melton  Mowbray, 
a;,'ed  20,  Sarah,  dan.  of  the  Rev.  John  Healey. 

At  Marlborough  House,  Klchmond-road,  Hack- 
ney, aged  52,  .John  Hudson,  esq. 

In  the  New  Kent-road,  aged  54,  Thomas-John, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Alexander  Lingham, 
esq.  of  Shooter's-hill,  Kent. 

At  Brighton,  aged  66,  George  LowdcU,  esq.  of 
Baldi^in'.f-hill,  Ea.st  Grinstead,  Sussex. 

At  the  Slights,  near  Alfreton,  aged  74,  Joseph 
Machon,  esq. 

At  Melksham,  aged  88,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Ed- 
ward Phillips,  esq.  and  dau.  and  last  descendant 
of  the  late  Kev.  Samuel  Stennett,  D.D. 

At  Rivers-st.  Bath,  Miss  Charlotte  lUim,  dau.  of 
Stephen  and  Lady  Charlotte  Ram,  of  Ramsfort,  co. 
Wexford. 


At  'Ashurst,  Kent,  aged  20,  Annette-Caroline, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  Ramsden. 

At  Langton  vicarage,  Line,  Cordelia  F.  Scott, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Robert  A.  Scott,  and  only  dau.  of 
Gen.  F.  C.  ¥niite. 

At  Preston-on-Stour,  aged  82,  Elizabeth,  relict 
of  Thomas  Smith,  esq.  formerly  of  Admington, 
Olouc. 

At  Exeter,  Barbara,  relict  of  the  Rev.  A.  T.  R. 
Vicary,  late  Priest-vicar  of  the  cathedral,  and 
Rector  of  St.  Paul's. 

Aged  87,  Rose,  wife  of  Wm.  Warren,  esq.  of 
Hampden  House,  Romford,  and  sister  of  Jamee 
Ward,  esq.  of  Witley  Park,  Famham,  Surrey.  Mr. 
Warren  is  now  in  his  94th  year,  and  had  been 
married  to  the  deceased  upwards  of  70  years. 

At  Rochester,  Mary-Anne,  tlie  wife  of  Capt. 
Wollock,  R.N. 

At  Gumshall,  near  Guildford,  suddenly,  Frede- 
rick Young,  esq. 

March  8.  At  Torquay,  Jane-Emma,  second  dau. 
of  John  Pavno  Collier,  esq.  V.P.S.A. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  52,  Charles  Forbes  David- 
son, esq.  W.S. 

March  12.  At  Hastings,  aged  29,  Penelope- 
Maude,  wife  of  Richard  Houghton,  esq.  of  Isling- 
ton, eldest  dau.  of  John  Scott,  esq.  late  of  the  Ad- 
miralty, Somerset  House. 

March  17.  At  Homsey,  aged  65,  Miss  Anne- 
Susannah  Nichols,  youngcj^  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Nichols,  esq.  F.S.A.  This  truly  amiable  lady  bore 
some  years  of  suffering  with  exemplary  patience 
and  pious  rotignation,  and  has  died  with  the  warm 
affection  and  sincere  regret  of  her  fifunily  and  all 
who  knew  her. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  issued  by  the  ReffUtrar-Oenerai.) 


Under 
1     ^^• 

15  to 
60. 

Deaths  Registered 

^1 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 

60  and     Age  not 
upwards.!  specified. 

i 

I            1 
Total.  1 

Males. 

Females. 

Feb.         26  . 
March       5  . 

„      12  . 

„      19  . 

'     541  ' 
573 

600 ; 

588 

427 
460 
466 
394 

! 

359     !      20 
379     '      27 
369             1 
291             1 

1347 
1439  '' 
1436 
1274 

665 
739 
740 
652 

682 
700 
696 
622 

1662 
1671 
1816 
1667 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  March  25. 


Wheat. 

9.      d. 

45     5 


Barley. 
*.  rf. 
31     9 


Oats. 

9.     d. 

18  10 


Rye. 
9.    d. 

30  10 


Beans. 

9.     d. 

34     2 


Peas. 
#.    d. 

32  11 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  March  28. 
Sussex  Pockets,  4/.  10«.  to  5/.  5«.— Kent  Pockets,  4/.  10«.  to  8/.  0«. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  March  28. 

Hay,  3/.  5*.  to  4/.  10#.— Straw,  1/.  6t.  to  1/.  10#.— Clorer,  4/.  0«.  to  4/.  16f. 

SMITHFIELD,  March  28.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bt. 

Beef 3«.    0<f.  to  4«.    2d.  I    Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  March  28. 

Mutton 3«.  10<i.  to  5«.    2d.  \        Beasts 4,188   Calres  181 

Veal 3«.    Ad.ioAs.    Sd.  Sheep  and  Lambs   17,760   Pigs      230 

Pork 2*.  lOrf.  to  4t.    Od.  \ 

COAL  MARKET,  March  33. 

Walls  Ends,  &c.  16«.  9d.  to  20f .  Od.  per  ton.     Other  sorts,  I6t.  Od.  to  28#.  <kf. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.^Town  Tallow,  46f .  6d.     YeUow  Riuda,  46ff.  Od. 


456 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Strand. 

From  February  26,  to  March  25,  1853,  both  ineluHve. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


Q^ 


Feb. 

26 

•27 

28 

M.I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 


IM  4  t 


.?  5 
o  o 


Weathtr. 


°  'in.pts.l 

41.  '  34  129,  02  ihl.rn.snw.dy. 

47  I  a'i  i     ,48   sleet.snowpfr, 

39  I  31       ,85  I  fair 

35  '  33  i     ,69    snow,  rain 

42  I  35  '     ,  48  '  rain,  cloudy 

39  I  31   •     ,89    fair,  snow,  rn J 

42  31    30,  06  !|do.  rain 

44  I  *8  ,  48   29,  78  |  rain 


46 
33 
30 
33 
38 
31. 
30 


51 

53 

50 

50 

53  I  42 

51   I  48 


48 

45  ;    ,92 

42       ,  93 

40  30,  08 

15 

12 


fair,  cldy.  m. 

rain 

cloudy 

foggyi  fair 

fair 

do. 


Fahrenheit's  Therii 

i. 

^fl'll 

a 

o 

:22 

^     1 

If 

Weather. 

MarJ    « 

D 

a 

in*  pUJ 

It    m 

52 

40 

29,  99 

f*»r,  foggy.  »■<>. 

13     43 

^ 

4S 

,79 

do.  cldy.  rain 

11     47 

4.3 

3d 

,53 

hTy.rQ.cd7.fr. 

15     38 

40  , 

41 

,59 

fair,  cloady 

^iO     4f) 

41 

a* 

,59 

cldy.  mw.  m. 

17     30 

3£ 

2d 

,  79    do.  do. 

18     30 

^ 

£7 

,  93  'do.  do. 

^0     29 

40 

31 

30,09 

fair,  cloady 

20     38 

43 

31 

,05 

doudy,  mow 

21     37 

39   ai 

29,77 

m.8noir,ileet 

22     33 

40     32 

Im 

cloudy,  fiur 

23     29 

38  1  31 

,83 

do.  do.  BDOW 

24     33 

35  !  27 

,78 

fr.  snow,  sleet 

25     29 

36 

31 

,83 

do.  do.  do. 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


M  *i 


C 


0)     CO 


V  o 
CO 


J£  H 


>^i3 


s 


<o^^ 


^^' 


Ex.  Bill«, 
jflOOO. 


25  227i 

26; 

28  22GJ 

1  2271 

2  228 
3228 
4  227  ' 
5' , 

8'228i 

9  228^ 

10;—: 

111 

12 '. 

14' 

15| 

16; ' 

17 

18 . 

2l| ,- 

22! '. 

23 

24 . 

26 '. 


1004 
lOOi 
lOOi 
1004 
iOOj 
lOOi 
IOOJ 
lOOi 
100* 
100* 
lOOf 


99f   103* 266     40  pm. 

99|   103|   Gl 5045  pm. 

991   103* 267J    40  pm. 

991   103* 110   40  pm. 

99*   103i   6i  ; 265   40  48  pm, 

266f45  47pm. 

'  43  pm. 


99* 

99f 

99f 

99* 

99* 

99* 

99* 

100 

100* 

100* 

100^ 

100* 

100 


103i 
103  J 
103* 
103* 
1031 
103* 
103f 


61 

6i  I 
61  i 
61 


6* 


I ' ; 45  50  pm.' 

99i 43  48  pm. 

99*' 48  pm.  ' 

48  50  pm.{ 


12 
17 
17 
18 
18 
13 
13 
18 
17 
10 


47  45  pm.; 
45  50  pm.; 

48  pm.  ' 
40  45  pm.' 

45  pm.  ' 


:  40  pm. 
42  45  pm. 

40  pm. 

40  pm. 


8  pm. 
12  pm. 
12  pm. 
14  pm. 

12  pm. 

17  pm. 

18  pm. 

13  pm. 
10  pm. 

8  pm. 


13  pmc 
8    13  pm, 

12      R  pm. 
8     12  pm. 

14     10  pm. 

8  12  pm. 
12  pm. 
11  pm. 
11  pm. 

8  pm. 

9  13  pm. 
8  pm. 

7  pm. 

7  11  pm. 

8  7  pm. 


J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Chambers,  Angel  Court, 

Throgmorton  Street,  London. 


J.  ■•  NICHOLS  AND  SON,  PRINTBRS,  25,  PARLIAMENT  ST&IST. 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— nie  ItAlimi  of.Sicnft— Tlte  0»Ui  of  Knlglithwxl— Wliltllngion's 

Stfvne— UiilvcraltyHoiTioura— Edw^arU  Rog:erR,  E»q.  ..  ♦ 45J) 

A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regitms  of  Scotland .- , » * »»-.....*... 45!> 

Hepple  Castle,  and  Hetcbeater  Nartbtitiiberland  (wiih  Engravingt)    . .  * 469 

Traits  of  tho  Trappists  —The  Couiins  of  Montrose. ...  , , .  •  ♦ ,  472 

Treasury  Warrant  relating  to  Rymer't  Foedera  and  his  MS.  Collections 479 

**  Hcydon  with  Oiie  Hand  :*'  an  English  Duel  in  the  year  1600 , . . .  481 

The  Ancient  Comuierce  of  We^hncrland — the   Ciothiera  of  Kendal,  and  tlieir 

Trade  Tokens  {with  Engravingi) , 488 

Chriatifl*!  Iconography  and  Legendary  Art :  bj  J.  G.  Waller.— The  Wheel  of 

Human  Life,  or  the  Seven  Ages ,,,.,, ,,,,,,,,,,  ».* 494 

Poetry, — A  Biogmpby,  with  Notes  on  the  Glens  of  Antrim * 502 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SVL  VANUS  URBAN.— OniTCirtoiie  of  "  Dame  Joan  "  at  While  LmXien, 
ShropaMre— Tower  Royal^RomelAtid— Descent  of  Chci  Manor  of  Stotlcadon,  Salop— On 
snppostid  Showeri  and  Sprhiga  of  Blood— 3t.  Janiea's  Pork ,, , 504 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH,— Tbe  Institute  of  DritUb  Ajxhltceta— Armngomonts  of  the  New 
Cryfta]  Folooe  Gompoiiy- The  BHtliJi  Mui^cn in— Nelson  Corresponilence— Najjok-on  MSS.— 
StatoM  tor  the  London  Mnnsloii  Hoiific—^Monnmcnt  to  the  Duku  of  Welllnjrtfwi  In  OulltUinll 
—The  Moore  Statue  in  Dublln-^Tbe  Cojctun  MemorLal-'Me^morlAli^  of  tlie  Late  Dr.  Pereira 
— TheTradeseaiitMotiuiDeiit— Polotlil^sof  St.  ronl"*  Catlialml— Tho  London  Unirerslty— 
Cbrlst'i  Hosptta^Relics  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton— Works  of  GaUleo— Stientlflc  rersonol 
honour*— Mrs.  Beecher  Stowe— Tlio  Rev.  WfUioni  Elli^i— Fonoraum  of  GnuiuOa Ciir* 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  RE\^EWS.— Tho  Peak  and  the  Plain,  by  Spcocer 
T.  Hall.  ftaO;  Li'O'a  'lYeatise  on  the  Local  Nomenclature  of  thelAnu'ln-Saxrin-,,  translated  by 
B.  WMlliimst.vj I ;  Wheeler's  Atidysls  of  lI*roilotu!^—DoMr»onT' I  in 

— Riloy's  trunjtbaion  of  ilie  n!iir<<uU»  of  Lncan,  *>23  ;  U  is  Wn: 

of  aCLtty  Fiuin,  524i  NoniuMiilyV  Fariner'ji  Mjiniial^Lanktret^  <- 

ttoo- VtsitA  to  Holly  Farm  and  The  Pnjtly  Vtllog^— Tliree  Mfnith-.  iiiiiIli    t!ic  S!h*w  - 
Dbury  of  Mnrtlia   llethnno  Ballol,  525  ;  Murray's  Pitcalm— Wyld'a  Philoftophy  of  the 


526 

ANTiqC ARIAN  R]!:S£A]lCBES--SQCtety  of  Antiqnarie««  A'iG ;  ArcltvoloRicol  Institnto,  029  ; 
Arciifeoiogricai  AaocUtion — KUkenny  AntiqimiiiUi  Society,  .'iSO  ;  The  SofTotk  Distitute 
of  An^hasology  and  Natural  Hlatory, '&31  ;  Ancient  Bat^ylon ,*..,............       &3S 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.- Foreign  Ncwii,  M2  j  Domestic  Occomnoea    ,..,..... ft33 

Promotionft  and  Profonnents,  N34  I  Births,  iV^M] ;  HarrlacQA   »...,.*...,.....,,.,**,..,,,♦♦♦.        5i(G 

OBITrARY  :  with  Mcnioiri  of  Lord  Skehner^dalo ;  Morolial  Haynau ;  Adm.  tlio  Uon.  Sir  T. 
B,  Capel ;  Hon.  FraiicU  A-  Trittie  ;  Sir  Ed-wnrrl  Doughty,  Bart,  j  Adm.  Sir  T-  Uvtngsitone, 

►         Bart ;  Sir  John  Campbell.  Bjirt. ;  Sii  r                  i  mut  Rymbold,  Bart. ;  Sir  George  Sitwall. 
Bart. ;  Sir  Edward  KerrLMtn,  Biu-t. ;                        i  les  InibofY ;  (len.  Sir  R.  Barton  ;  Rear- 
Adni.  Sir  C.  T.  Jones ;  Cftpt.  Dilkr,  V.                     ,  mviBo  Loch,  R.N. :  Lieut.-CoL  Deane ; 
■      Kodeiick  Madeod/Eeq. ;  UeiH                         i>»  E«i. ;  Henry  Southern,  Enj.  C.B. ;  The 
■     CberoUer  Ke*tner;   E.  P.  CI                     ^  ^n.  MJ>. ;  Willlarn  Nottidjje,  Eiw. ;  W,  H.  R. 
W     brown,  Ksq.;   MadAine  Fanny  v                    mont  ;^  Cluirle^  Peen,  Est). ;  W.  A.  Nlcholiion, 
GoQ. ;  THonuu  Ferry,  Esi}. ;  Bnrou  L*'ni,r,M  von  Buch  j  WUUain  Boy«Jt,  Esq,  j  M,  Orfila ; 
Mr.  OliTer  L«n^  i  MIok  Hordwlck  ;  Mr.  Edward  Segnhi ;  Dr,  D,  J.  Van  Lcnnep 539— S5G 
Clxmoit  DsciAssD ..*.. 56T 

DxATHa,  armniiied  in  Chronolostcal  Order , .*.,* * &59 

Reglstrar-Gcn«rai*B  Retuma  of  MoftaUty  In  the  M«hropoll»— Mark0l>«  MTi  Meteorological 

Dlar^'-Doily  Pr1«ofStocki.. , MS 


By    SYLVANUS   URBAN,   Gewt. 


458 
MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


The  JMian  of  Siena.—MK.  Urban,— 
The  "  Visit  to  Rome  '*  in  your  March 
number  professes  to  record  an  answer  of 
one  of  the  peasant  girls  of  Siena  as  "  a 
fine  instance  of  the  purity  and  elegance  of 
their  language.''  She  is  made  to  say, 
**  Saliendo  questa  montagna,  ecco  Siena.** 
I  recollect  having  heard  the  same  story  in 
Italy,  but  to  the  following  effect  : — A 
popular  Roman  preacher  was  going  to 
Siena,  doubtless  expecting  to  extend  his 
reputation  as  an  orator,  when,  on  inquiring 
his  way  of  a  country  girl  at  a  few  milei 
distance  from  the  city,  she  replied  thus, 
**  Passato  il  ponte,  valicato  il  monte,  iv\  e 
Siena.''  Having  such  a  specimen  of  the 
lingua  volgare^  he  is  said  to  have  returned 
to  Rome  without  once  venturing  into  the 
pulpit — Yours, &c.  CoridonkMegario. 

The  Oath  of  Knighthood.— The  original 
warrant,  of  which  a  copy  is  annexed,  is  pre- 
served in  the  MS.  Lansdowne  255,  f.  3G0. 
Though  not  signed,  it  was  evidently  pre- 
pared for  the  signature  of  the  Earl  Marshal, 
then  the  Earl  of  Arundel.  J.  G.  N.  does 
not  recollect  to  have  met  before  with  any 
intimation  of  an  '*  oath  of  knighthood" 
being  required  in  the  time  of  James  the 
First  ;  and  he  inquires  whether  it  was 
peculiar  to  Scotland,  or  whether  other 
notices  of  its  observance  in  this  country 
are  to  be  found  : — 

*•  I  have  received  a  sufficient  certificate 
that  S*"  John  ('eesar  was  knighted  by  his 
Ma*'*  at  Edinborough,  In  Scotlande,  and 
tooke  the  oath  of  knighthoode,  with  all 
other  ceremonies  accordinge  to  the  cus- 
tome  of  Scotland,  on  the  29th  day  of  June, 
1617,  and  tiierefore  I  require  you  to 
enter  him  accordingly  into  yo'  register  of 
knights,  for  which  this  shalbe  yo'  warrant. 

*•  Arundell  Haute,  this  (20/A) 
day  of  May,  1623. 

"  To  the  Officers  nf  Arm-. 
*'  at  Derby  House." 

Whittingtoii's  Stone. — A  correspondent 
of  "  The  Builder  '"  having  called  attention 
to  the  mutilated  condition  of  the  present 
Whittington's  Stone  (recently  the  subject 
of  some  remarks  in  our  own  pages,  Dec. 
1852,  p.  598,  and  Feb.  1h:>3,  p.  114),  it 
has  called  forth  a  reply  from  Mr.  ('harles 
Foster,  furnishing  some  further  particulars 
of  the  fate  of  the  original  stone,  of  which 
he  states  he  is  the  owner.  After  it  had 
been  affixed  to  the  corner  of  Queen's  Head- 
lane,  in  the  l-iower-street,  Islington,  as  a 
spur-stone  to  prevent  cnrriages  running 
against  the  west  corner, —in  1829,  when 
that  old  building  was  triken  down,  Mr. 
Foster's  father  was  employed  to  erect  the 
new  hou'je,  and  he  then  became  proprietor 
of  the  Whiltington  Stone,  among  the  old 
materials.  Mr.  Foster  then  says,  **  I  had 
it  canred  into  a  sort  of  pinnacle,  which 


can  be  Men  at  any  time  on  applying  to 
Mr.  Harris  the  King's  Arma,  corner  of 
Park-street,  Liverpool  Road,  Islington.*" 
We  fear  that  this  memorial  must  have  lost 
everything  but  its  identity  of  material, 
after  having  been  first  sawn  into  two 
halves  (Gent.  Mag.  Sept.  1824)  and  then 
[one  half .']  *'  carved  into  a  sort  of  pin- 
nacle"— yet  some  slight  interest  may 
attach  to  these  anecdotes,  though  the 
object  itself  is  robbed  of  its  distinctive 
features. 

University  Honours,  In  the  biography 
of  Bishop  Kaye  (see  p.  428)  it  has  been 
stated  that  he  and  the  present  Baron  Alder- 
son  were  the  only  two  instances  on  record 
of  the  same  person  winninjc  the  double 
honours  of  Senior  Wrangler  and  Senior 
Medallist.  Two  other  earlier  instances  have 
been  pointed  ont.  In  1756  John  Webater 
of  Corpus  was  both  Senior  Wrangler  and 
first  Chancellor's  Medallist;  and  in  1773 
John  Jolliand  Brundish  obtained  the  same 
honours.  Neither  of  these  gentlemen  had 
the  chance  of  competing  for  the  additional 
laurel  which  graces  Baron  Alderson'i 
brow,  as  the  Browne  medals  were  not  in- 
stituted until  1775.  Dr.  Donaldson,  thi 
head  master  of  Bary  school,  has  pointed 
out  that  Brundish  and  Aldenon  were  both 
scholars  at  Bury  St.  Edmund's  (which  was 
also  the  scene  of  the  early  eduoation  of 
the  present  Lord  Chancellor  and  the 
Bishop  of  London),  as  well  as  memben  of 
the  same  small  college, — Cains. 

A.  B.  G.  begs  to  correct  two  slight 
errors  which  Mr.  Cunningham  has  fallen 
into  in  his  interesting  notices  of  Thomsoa, 
p.  369.  He  states  (1)  that  Hobkirk  u 
near  Eduam,  while  it  it  some  twentr  **  lang 
Scotch  miles'*  from  it;  he  should  have 
said,  near  Southdean,  whither  Thomson's 
worthy  father  removed  soon  after  the  birth 
of  the  poet.  (2)  There  is  mentioned  s 
certain  churchyard,  yclept  **  Rule,**  whJcb 
is  certainly  not  within  the  ihire :  nor  we 
believe  in  all  "  broad  Scotland."  Riooal- 
toun  is  buried  in  no  such  apocryphal  plaoe, 
but  in  his  own  quiet  **  God's-acre "  of 
Hobkirk. 

P.  441.  The  late  Kdwrd  Eog9r9,  esq. 
was  educated  at  the  Charter-house.  For 
some  time  after  being  called  to  the  bar  he 
went  the  Oxford  circuit.  He  was  sheriff 
of  the  county  of  Radnor  in  1840.  His 
first  wife  died  in  181G,  his  second  in  1849; 
and  his  only  son  who  attained  his  msjortty 
died  at  Geneva  in  1  H'iB.  His  other  children 
died  in  childhood.  A  disquisition  whieh 
he  wrote  on  the  site  of  the  Last  Battla  of 
Caractacus  was  published  in  the  last  July 
number  of  the  Archeeologia  Cambrensis, 
from  the  last  number  of  which  we  take 
these  notes. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


AND 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


A  TRIP  TO  THE  GOLD  REGIONS  OF  SCOTLAND. 

DESCRIBED  IN  A  LETTER  TO  A  FRIEND. 


My  dear  Grotius, — I  learned  with 
much  pleasure  from  your  agreeable 
letter  that  your  attention  has  been  di- 
rected to  the  curious  and  interesting 
metalliferous  district  of  Leadhills  and 
Wanlockhead  by  the  very  lively  and 
well-written  article  which  appeared 
some  time  ago  in  the  Household  Words. 
1  am  sorry,  however,  to  be  obliged  to 
confirm  your  suspicion  as  to  the  ac- 
curacy of  many  of  the  facts  contained 
in  it,  arising  from  the  imperfect  in- 
formation which  could  be  collected 
during  so  hurried  a  visit  as  the  writer 
paid  to  Leadhills.  There  are  two  errors 
mto  which  a  stranger  is  almost  sure 
to  fall,  and  neither  of  them  has  been 
avoided  on  the  present  occasion.  From 
the  secluded  situation  of  the  village  of 
Leadhills,  in  the  middle  of  a  wild 
district,  one  unacquainted  with  the 
real  facts  would  naturally  at  first  sight 
suppose  that  its  inhabitants  had  little 
comnmnication  with  the  world  beyond 
their  own  valley.  The  contrary,  how- 
ever, is  the  truth.  Few  hamlets  of  the 
same  size  have  been  more  visited  by 
strangers,  and  in  none,  I  believe,  has 
the  population  been  recruited  from  so 
many  different  and  distant  sources. 
The  interesting  geological  features  of 
the  country,  and  the  eminence  of  many 
of  the  successive  mining  agents,  have 
proved  most  attractive  to  the  scientific 
world,  and  the  author  of  that  article 
would  find  himself  but  a  very  small 
unit  in  the  body  of  English  philoso- 
phers and  foreign  savans  who  have 
gone  out  of  their  way  to  visit  Lead- 
hills. In  fact,  so  great  was  at  one  time 
the  influx  of  visitors  of  this  class  that, 


to  prevent  considerable  loss  to  the  com- 
pany, it  was  necessary  to  make  a  regu- 
lation forbidding  the  miners  to  dispose 
of  specimens  of  the  ores. 

From  the  earliest  discovery  of  the 
mines  English  adventurers  have  em- 
ployed their  capital  and  skill  in  prose- 
cutmg  them,  and  most  of  the  companies 
who  have  engaged  in  them  have  either 
been  formed  on  the  other  side  of  the 
border  or  have  contained  others  besides 
Scotch  partners.  The  consequence 
has  been  that  these  bodies  have  from 
time  to  time  brought  to  Leadhills  a 
number  of  miners  from  Cornwall  and 
Cumberland,  whose  patronymics  are 
still  met  with  among  the  inhabitants. 
Independent  of  this  a  certain  degree 
of  connection  has  been  kept  up  with 
the  other  Scottish  mines  m  Islay,  al 
Machrimore,  Carsphairn,  &c.  and  many 
of  the  workmen  have  reciprocally  mi* 
grated  between  these  places.  The  very 
nature  of  the  works  themselves  alto 
necessitated  considerable  intercourse 
with  the  external  world.  The  heayj 
and  bulky  produce  of  the  lead  mines 
required  an  immense  number  of  carts 
to  convey  it  to  the  market  at  Leith. 
The  carters  of  that  sea-port  who  had 
been  employed  in  conveying  goods  into 
the  country  were  in  the  frequent  habit 
of  making  considerable  detours  in  order 
to  obtain  a  back-carriage  from  Lead- 
hills, and  you  may  be  sure  that  these 
men  were  too  happy  to  relate  and  the 
miners  to  listen  to  the  news  of  the 
Scottish  metropolis  around  the  smithj 
fire,  or  in  the  evening  over  their  pipe 
and  modicum  of  whiskey  in  the  inn. 
Since  the  opening  of  the  raihraj  this 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Scotland. 


460 


traffic  has  ceased,  the  lead  being  now 
conyeyed  to  the  Abington  station. 
From  all  these  various  sources  the 
miners  have  received  information  as  to 
passing  events,  and  it  will  be  found 
that  they  are  better  acouainted  with 
the  general  current  of  anairs  than  the 
inhabitants  of  most  agricultural  vil- 
lages at  a  less  distance  from  the  great 
towns. 

The  other  error  may  be  said  to  be 
the  reverse  of  this,  and  arises  from  the 
supposition  that,  as  the  inhabitants  of 
this  secluded  spot  have  not  had  their 
attention  distracted  by  the  numerous 
occurrences  of  the  world  at  large,  they 
must  possess  a  more  vivid  recollection 
of  the  particular  incidents  of  their  own 
locality.  But  this  is  also  a  fallacy. 
The  very  fact  that  those  incidents  have 
l}een  observed  to  create  an  interest 
among  the  numerous  strangers  who 
have  visited  Leadhills  has  led  to  much 
traditional  exaggeration,  and  in  nothing 
more  than  the  date  at  which  the  mines 
were  commenced.  Thus  in  the  House- 
hold Words  the  era  of  Bevis  Bulmer 
is  ante-dated  by  no  less  than  two  cen- 
turies and  a  half. 

It  is,  however,  unnecessary  to  dwell 
longer  on  this  at  present,  since  we  are 
now  starting  on  an  expedition  to  our 
Scottish  Ophir  and  California,  when 
each  individual  mistake  can  be  alluded 
to  as  it  presents  itscll*.  We  shall  not 
subject  ourselves  to  the  jolting  of  a 
cart  over  the  rough  country  roads, 
but  strap  our  knapsacks  on  our  back, 
take  our  trusty  alpenstocks  in  our 
hands,  and  trust  to  our  own  pedestrian 
powers,  not,  however,  forgettmg  a  plen- 
tiful supply  of  the  creature  comforts, 
and  a  llask  of  good  Glenlivat  to  qualify 
the  extreme  coldness  of  the  mountain 
streams.  Thus  equipped  we  rendez- 
vous at  the  Caledonian  station,  in  the 
Lothian  lload.  Do  not  be  alarmed,  my 
dear  friend,  I  am  not  going  to  detain 
you  with  a  description  of  the  pufling 
and  whistling  of  the  engine,  or  caU 
your  attention  to  any  suburban  view 
of  tiles  and  chimney-pots.  On  the 
contrary,  we  hurry  on  to  the  Abington 
station ;  but  it  will  be  better  if  we  do 
not  alight  there,  but  proceed  to  that  of 
Elvanfoot,  about  five  miles  further,  as 
the  valley  of  the  Elvan  forms  a  far 
more  picturesque  and  interesting  ap- 
proach to  Leadhills  than  that  oi  tne 
Glengoanar. 


[May. 


Standing  on  the  platforuit  you  cin 
easily  trace,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Clyde,  the  line  of  toe  great  ninth  Iter 
of  the  Romans,  whien  traversed  the 
intramural  province  of  Valentia  from 
Carlisle  to  tne  Wall  of  Antoninus,  and 
thence  to  Ftoroton,  on  the  Moray  Firth. 
On  the  top  of  the  isolated  hill  imme- 
diately in  front  are  the  remains  of  one 
of  the  fortifications  of  that  warlike  na- 
tion, which  Chalmers  has  conjectured 
to  have  been  the  station  of  Giadenicft, 
originally  a  town  of  the  Damnian 
Britons.  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  t 
draw-well  is  found  within  the  precinctK 
of  this  camp,  on  the  very  summit  of 
the  hill, — surely  no  small  evidence  of 
engineering  skill.  On  the  face  of  the 
hill  below  the  entrenchments  is  one 
of  the  slate-quarries  of  the  district, 
which  formation,  by-the-byc,  I  never 
heard  designated  as  edge-stone.  These 
slates,  however,  are  so  thick,  coarse, 
and  heavy,  that  the  quarries  have  been 
long  abandoned,  and  the  Welsh  em- 
ployed in  preference.  It  is  probably 
more  to  the  objectionable  character  of 
these  native  slates  than  to  the  poverty 
of  the  district  that  the  prevalence  « 
thatched  roofs  in  the  village  of  Lead- 
hills is  to  be  attributed. 

Our  course,  however,  lies  in  the  op- 
l)osite  direction ;  so,  turning  our  back 
on  the  Clyde,  let  us  enter  the  valley 
of  the  Elvan,  or  Shortcleugh  W^atcr. 
This,  as  well  as  the  other  lateral  gleps 
which  enter  the  valley  of  the  Clyde  in 
this  neighbourhood,  appears  to  have 
been  at  one  time  densely  wooded,  and 
the  names  of  many  of  the  hills  seem  to 
)n*ove  that  they  retained  this  character 
t  o  a  comparatively  recent  period.  Now, 
however,  they  are  quite  bare,  with 
heatii  on  the  lower,  and  bright  green 
grass  on  the  upper,  ridges.  It  is  very 
doubtful  whether  the  iComans,  in  their 
short  and  precarious  occupation  of  tins 
island  north  of  the  Wall  of  Sevcms, 
ever  settled  in  these  valleys,  and  cer- 
tainly their  mineral  wealth  was  un- 
known to  them.  AVe,  however,  meet 
with  many  relics  of  a  more  recent 
period.  In  several  of  the  little  dells 
you  may  observe  the  ruins  of  the  small 
towers,  or  peels,  which  speak  so  forciUj 
of  the  rude  times  of  lx>rder  feud  and 
English  invasion.  These  little  forta- 
lices,  with  the  arched  vault  for  tbe 
cattie  below,  and  the  thick  walled  room 
above  for  the  family  of  ihe  fiunnery  re- 


1853.  J 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Scotfnnd, 


461 


mind  Liri  lluit  Lliirrc  was  u  time  wlitMi 
the  rush  hush  did  not  keep  the  cow, 
when  the  blaze  oj'  bale-lire  routed  the 
glens  with  the  nlann  of  rtiid  und  rapine, 
tind  when  a  Scotch  yeomaji  thought  it 
a  piece  of  extraordinary  good  fortune 
that  bi^ 

little  lonely  tower 


Had  not  been  burnt  thi^  year  and  more. 

In  such  a  state  of  society  tht:  pro- 
duce of  the  mines  must  have  held  out 
many  temptation  a  to  the  roving  free- 
booter, niid  we  are  not  surprised  to 
(ind,  in  the  Acts  of  the  Scotish  Privy 
Council^  euactnieuta  for  its  proteetiou; 
in  particular  one  in  1597,  which  pro- 
vider lor  the  security  of  the  lead-ciir- 
afka  df  Thomas  FouUis^  mjldsmith  in 
•BiinlVBrghj  ngainst  **  broKen  men  of 
the  bourdouritf."' 

Tbe  mode  In  wbieh  these  towers  are 
loculed,  in  little  groups  of  two  or  three, 
also  indicates  to  us  the  state  of  Hffri- 
culture  at  tbe  time,  with  its  out  held 
and  inlicld  lands,  when  a  farm  was 
divided  into  several  possessions,  each 
wiih  its  small  piece  of  peculiar  and 
indivkluiil  arable  land)  ami  a  right  of 
commonty  over  the  remainder  of  the 
ground,  on  which  a  few  half- starved 
bkck  cattle  were  kept.  What  a  con- 
trast does  tbe  present  .system  present 
in  its  large  and  probtabIv*managed 
farms,  with  their  well-stocked  i*heep- 
walks  i  And  here  1  must  protest 
against  the  description  of  the  agrieul- 
lursd  wtate  of  the  district  contained  in 
the  Household  Words.  I  see  that  the 
very  mention  of  this  subject  involun- 
tarily dircL'ls  your  eye  to  the  side  of 
the  path,  in  search  of  the  hemlocks 
whlcli  tlmt  writer  so  frc<|uently  saw, 
Butj  niy  dear  friend,  jou  will  look  in 
vain,  ior  tiie  simple  reason  that  tbe 
coidnm  mneukitimt  Ibrms  no  portion  oi* 
the  Flora  of  the  district,  and  is,  in  fact^ 
totally  unknown,  some  other  of  the 
umbififera  having  been  evidently  mis- 
taken for  it.  This  and  other  little  cir- 
cumstances make  me  doubt  whether 
the  author  has  not  entered  into  a  sub- 
ject of  which  he  is  no  competent  judge. 
No  one  ever  saw  peats  cut  in  the  month 
of  July,  or  bog-bay  made  into  sheaves, 
though  sown  rye-gras*^,  or  what  in 
England  is  called  seeds,  is  sometimes 
so  treated.  In  truth,  with  regard  to 
thiii  sabjectf  different  things  are  jum- 
bled together  throughout  the  whole 


article.  At  the  siinie  tune,  I  al  once 
ttdmit  that  the  management  of  grass- 
land, not  only  in  this  district,  but  in 
the  whole  of  Scotland,  is  inferior  to 
that  of  England,  and  that  hay  is  al- 
lowed to  remain  too  long  in  riek  l>e- 
fore  it  is  removed  to  tbe  barney  aid. 
But  some  allowance  should  be  made 
for  a  more  humid  climate ;  and  the 
fact  must  not  be  overlooked  that,  al- 
though hay  which  contains  no  moisture 
hut  its  own  sap  may  be  rapidly  placed 
in  the  stack,  this  is  by  no  nieans  tbe 
case  if  it  has  been  subjected  to  heavy 
rain.  In  dry  and  favouriilde  sea  son  s* 
however,  I  have  seen  hay  secured  in 
these  alpine  solitudes  wbjch  even  the 
high- mettled  racers  of  Danebury  or 
Mahon  would  not  have  disdained. 
The  nature  of  the  district  h^  however, 
essentially  pastoral,  and,  to  judge  it 
fairly,  the  attention  should  be  directed 
to  tlie  stock,  and  this  is  undoubtetlly 
of  a  high  class.  1  observed,  as  we 
swept  past  the  lol>y  towers  of  Craw- 
ford Lindsay,  that  you  cast  an  admiring 
eye  on  the  beautiful  cows,  with  their 
small  musczles  and  clean  limbs,  which 
we  saw  slowly  descending  to  the  river. 
And  well  you  might ;  fur,  though  they 
are  fed  on  our  wretched  hay,  and  have 
never  had  the  advantages  of  any  mes- 
meric operations,  they  can  carry  ofl' 
the  prizes  ut  the  agricultural  shows, 
both  far  and  near.  Si mdar  praise  miiy 
be  safely  awarded  to  the  sheep ;  and 
more  than  one  piece  of  plate  and  other 
prizes  of  the  Highland  Society  for  ex- 
cellence in  this  (Jepnrtment  have  found 
their  way  into  the  district. 

About  three  miles  from  Klviin  Foot, 
and  inmiediatcly  after  passing  the  last 
of  these  feudal  strengths,  we  cross  on  a, 
small  stone  bridge  over  theLankcleugh 
Burn,  the  first  of  tbe  small  auriferous 
streams  in  which  extensive  mining 
0|)erutionB  have  been  carried  on,  Aj» 
the  site  of  these,  however,  lies  con- 
siderably to  the  right,  we  may  defer 
tbe  notice  of  them  till  allerwards,  and 
proceed  up  the  course  of  the  main 
stream,  Tbe  country  now  assumes  a 
wilder  character,  the  valley  becomes 
narrow,  and  the  high  range  of  the 
Lowthers  rises  on  the  left,  while  all 
trace  of  habitat  ions  disappears,  till 
about  a  mile  further  on  we  round  a 
shoulder  of  the  hil!,  and  see  before  Ui 
another  of  those  sparkling  pellucid 
streamlets  which  come  biawling  down 


462 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Scotland. 


[May, 


from  the  steep  hills,  with  a  small  flat 
holm  at  its  mouth,  on  which  one  or  two 
old  trees  are  still  growing,  while  a 
broken  wall  and  some  ruined  gables, 
with  a  crop  of  nettles,  those  invariable 
successors  of  man  in  the  spots  where 
he  has  once  had  his  house  and  home, 
mark  the  site  of  one  of  the  principal 
gold- washing  stations  of  Scotland — still 
known  as  the  Gold  Scours.  The  place 
is  now  desolate  and  deserted,  and  no- 
thing but  these  humble  ruins  and 
some  waste  heaps  on  the  hill  above  are 
left  as  memorials  of  the  busy  and  in- 
dustrious miners  who  once  peopled  the 
valley.  The  search  for  lead  has  proved 
so  much  more  profitable  than  that  of 
the  more  dazzling  metal,  that  the  oc- 
cupation of  working  the  latter  has  been 
almost  entirely  abandoned,  though  still 
occasionally  pursued  by  children  and 
infirm  old  men,  and  the  colony  once 
located  here  migrated  many  years  ago 
to  Lcadhills,  which  lies  about  two  miles 
beyond. 

The  origin  of  both  the  gold  and  lead 
mines  of  the  district  are  to  a  great 
extent  lost  in  the  obscurity  of  past 
ages.  An  Act  of  the  Parliament  of 
James  I.  held  at  Perth  in  May,  1424, 

{)roves  that  mines  of  gold,  silver,  and 
ead,  were  known  in  Scotland  as  early 
as  that  year,  but  there  is  no  evidence 
to  connect  them  with  this  particular 
district ;  on  the  contrary,  the  silence  of 
our  old  records  as  to  its  mineral 
wealth,  contrasted  with  the  frequent 
references  which  we  meet  with  in  later 
times,  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  these 
minus  were  not  discoveretl  till  after 
that  i)eriod,  and  were  consequently 
unknown  during  the  reigns  of  David 
and  Edward  III.  of  England,  the 
date  of  their  origin  given  in  the  House- 
hold Words.  According  to  Lesley, 
Bishop  of  Uoss,  in  his  "Descriptio 
llegicmum  et  Insularum  Scotiie,"  the 
gold  mines  at  Crawford  Muir  were 
first  discovered  in  the  reign  of  James 
IV.  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it 
is  in  the  accounts  of  the  treasurer  of 
that  monarch  that  we  first  meet  with 
authentic  i)roofs  of  their  existence.  Jn 
the  years  1.511,  151 '2,  and  1513,  a 
nuin  ber  of  pay  inents  are  entered  as  made 
to  Sir  ffames  Pettigrew,  and  the  men 
employed  by  him  in  working  the  mine 
of  Crawford  Muirs.  In  1512  a  lead- 
mine  was  worked  at  Wanlockhead  on 
the  Nithsdale  side  of  the  district  by 


some  of  the  royal  workmen.  The  dis- 
astrous defeat  of  flodden  and  the 
death  of  the  King  broke  up  this  es- 
tablishment ;  but  its  previous  Buocess 
must  have  been  considerable^  for  we 
find  that  the  attention  of  the  Queen 
Regent  was  directed  to  its  reriral  at 
the  earliest  period  when  we  can  sup- 
pose tranquillity  to  have  been  restored. 
This  is  proved  by  the  following  entry 
in  the  account  of  James,  BiAop  of 
Murray,  the  treasurer,  about  1515. 
**  Item  deliverit  to  mj  Lord  Postulate 
of  the  Ylis  for  to  pas  to  Crawfurd 
Mure  and  thare  to  set  workmen  and 
mak  ordinances  for  the  gold  mjne  to 
gud  compt  in  ane  hundiradth  crownes 
of  wecht,  xzxx  li/*  From  the  corres- 
pondence of  Wharton,  the  Lord  Warden 
of  the  English  Marches,  in  the  State 
Papers,  we  learn  that  these  mining 
operations  were  continued  profitably 
under  the  Regent  Albany.  In  July, 
1526,  when  the  King  was  under  the 
power  of  the  Earl  of  Angus,  a  lease  of 
the  mines  was  granted  to  certain  Ger- 
mans, and  they  were  permitted,  in  con- 
sequence of  a  heavy  bribe  which  pro- 
bably went  into  the  coffers  of  that 
ambitious  nobleman,  to  contravene  the 
bullion  laws  of  the  kingdom,  and  ex- 
port the  ore  to  their  own  country  to 
be  refined.  Their  possession  does  not 
api)ear  to  have  long  continued.  AMtoi 
menses  is  the  expression  of  Bishop 
Lesley  in  his  work  '^  De  Rebus  Gestis 
Scotorum,"^  and  it  is  probable  that 
James  Y.  resumed  the  grant  when  he 
escaped  from  the  power  of  the  Douglases 
and  attainted  the  Earl  of  Angus  |  at  all 
events  the  works  after  that  period 
appear  to  have  been  carried  on  for  the 
behoof  of  the  Crown.  At  the  marriage 
of  that  king  with  Magdalen  of  France, 
covered  cups  filled  with  native  gold 
wei'e  presented  as  specimens  of  Scotch 
fntit.  Tradition,  Iiowever,  assigns  an 
earlier  date  to  this  incident  It  is  said 
that  James  was  hunting  at  the  castle 
of  Crawford,  in  company  with  the 
French  Ambassadors,  when  they  jeered 
at  the  barren  appearance  of  the  country ; 
that  he  instantly  wagered  with  thmn 
that  it  could  produce  richer  fruits  than 
their  own ;  and  won  by  introducing  at 
their  repast  covei-ed  bowLi  fillel  with 
gold  coins.  This  certainly  is  the  most 
natural  version  of  the  story,  but  Uie 
two  are  not  necessarily  inconriitent, 
for  it  is  very  probable  that,  if  Ifat 


18530 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regiom  of  Scotland, 


463 


f^pletswitry  was  well  received  on  the 
^  ar^t  oooation,  it  would  he  repeated  as 
AH  act  of  gallantry  to  the  myal  bride ; 
and  we  know  that  something  similar 
WI18  done  nt  a  later  ^jeriod  by  the  Re- 
gent Morton*  His  subsequent  luarriage 
wiili  Mary  of  Lorraine  gave  a  fresh 
irapetua  to  the  raining  researches  of  the 
King,  Scarcely  was  the  new  Queen 
settled  in  Scotland,  than  she  procured 
from  her  father  the  services  of  a  body  of 
workmen  from  her  native  duchy »  then 
the  great  mining  district  of  France. 
Owing  probably  to  their  superior  skill 
very  large  returns  were  obtained,  and 
the  operations  were  pushed  with  great 
activity.  The  diflerent  books  of  the 
Koyal  Compotus  are  fuM  of  entries  of 
payments  made  to  them  and  of  gold 
received.  Among  the  latter  the  most 
curious  is  the  issue  of  gold  of  the  mine 
to  form  the  regalia,  d6  ounces  being 
devoted  to  the  Queen*s  crown,  and 
3  pounds  10  ounces  to  that  of  the  King, 
The  great  prosperity  of  the  mines  at 
thi«  jieriod  is  also  testified  by  a  curious 
MS,  in  the  Cottonian  Collection,  Otho 
r  X,  12^  unfortunately  much  injured 
by  lire,  from  whioh  we  learn  that  in 
some  Hummers  no  less  than  300  per* 
0ons  were  employed  in  washing  gold, 
and  that  upwards  of  XIOO,000  sterling 
had  been  collected-  No  solid  vein  of 
this  metal  hud,  however,  been  found, 
though  there  had  been  discovered 
sundry  lodes  and  veins  of  conjier  and 
lead ;  and  one  of  the  latter  m  Glen< 
gounar  water  had  been  worked  to  the 
extent  of  120  fathoms.  Most  of  the 
adit^  and  drills  are,  however,  stated 
to  have  been  made  solely  for  the  pur- 
pose of  conveying  water  to  the  gold- 
washings.  Durmg  the  minority  of 
t^ueen  Mary,  and  the  regency  of  the 
Earl  of  Arran,  the  mines  appear  to 
have  been  neglected,  but  on  the  a«* 
sumption  of  that  o(hce  by  the  Queen 
Dowager  they  were  again  revived,  and 
miners  brought  from  England,  when  the 
following  entry  occurs: — ^*'For  a  cop- 
per kettle  sent  to  the  English  miners 
at  Crawford  Mure  £3  1*.,  and  also 
seven  y tones  of  lead  to  tine  gold  with." 
This  apparently  proves  that  the  lead- 
mines  were  not  worked  at  that  time, 
otherwise  it  wouM  have  been  absurd 
to  have  sent  thither  eeveo  stoneit  of 
that  metal. 

After    Queen    Mary   came   herself 
to  rettido  in   Siiicotland   we   hnd  two 


grants  of  the  lead -mines.  The  first, 
dated  23  January,  1562,  is  in  favour 
of  *'  Johne  Achisone  and  Johne  Aslow- 
ane,  burges  of  Edinburgh,"  and  per- 
mits them  "  to  wirk  and  wyn  in  the 
lead  mynes  of  Glengoner  and  Wen- 
lok,"  and  to  transport  the  ore  to  Flan- 
ders, that  the  silver  may  be  there  ex- 
tracted, paying  to  the  Queen  **  four  tie- 
five  unce  of  uter  fyne  silver  for  every 
thouisand  stane  wecht  of  lead.**  The 
second  grants  licence  for  the  space  of 
five  years  "to  John  Earl  of  Atholl  to 
oaujse  wyn  fourtty  thousand  trone 
stane  wecht  of  lead  in  the  nether  leid 
hoill  of  Gleu^onare  and  Wenlock,"  and 
h  dated  26  August,  1565,  The  inti- 
mate connection  which  subsisted  be- 
tween the  Scotish  recents  during  the 
minority  of  James  VI.  and  Queen 
Elizabeth  appears  to  have  directed  the 
attention  oi"  Euglidh  capitidists  to  the 
mines  of  the  former  kingdom.  Corne- 
lius de  Voss,  a  Dutch  artist,  ^*  a  most 
eunninge  pictur  maker,  and  excellent 
in  the  triafi  of  mineralls,*^  entered  into 
a  partnership  with  Mr.  Nicholas  Mil- 
liard, an  English  goldsmith,  who  was 
also  an  artist,  and  afterwards  *^  princi- 
pal drawer  of  small  portraits,  and  em- 
bosser of  our  medals  of  gohl,"  to  King 
James  of  England,  and  with  certain 
merchants  in  Loudon,  to  search  for 
gold  in  Scotland.  Having  obtained 
letters  from  the  Queen,  Cornelius  came 
to  Edinburgh  and  obtained  a  licence 
from  the  Kegent  Murray*  He  then 
went  to  Lcadhills  and  ibund  gold,  in 
consequence  of  which  he  enlarged  the 
concern,  and  introduced  gome  Scotch 
partners,  most  probably  with  a  view  of 
gaining  favour  in  high  places,  and  thus 
obtaining  a  relaxation  of  the  bidlion 
laws,  whioh  then  prohibited  the  export 
of  the  precious  metals  from  the  king- 
dom except  for  payment  of  imports 
and  the  needful  expenses  of  travel. 
Without  this  he  could  make  no  re- 
mittances to  his  English  friends.  But 
it  must  be  owned  that  this  bribe  wa«  a 
heavy  one*  for,  under  the  new  arrange- 
ment, the  Earl  of  Morton  had  10 
parts;  Air.  Robert  Ballentine  (then 
ftecretiiry)  10  parts;  Abraham  Pater* 
»on,  a  Dutchman,  of  Edinburgh,  10 
parts;  James  Ileade^  a  burgess  of 
Edinburgh,  5  parts ;  and  Cornelius  and 
his  London  friends  10  parts.  Their 
enterprise,  however,  proved  very  suc- 
cessful.   The  Abrahiun  Peterfioa  her« 


Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Scotland* 


464 

mentioned,  I  suepect,  was  iJenticaJ  with 
a  Datclmiaii,  Abrahjim  Grey,  or  Gvpy' 
beard,  who  was  connected  with  the 
Earl  of  Morton  in  prociiring  gold  from 
this  district^  out  of  which  '"a  fkire 
deepe  bason,  conteyiiand  by  estimation 
withiD  the  brymeis  thereof  an  English 
gallon  of  liquor,  wjis  made  by  u  Scotts- 
man  in  Canneeate  Street  att  Eden- 
borough,"  and,  having  been  filled  with 
the  gold  eoinf?  callefi  unicorns,  wus 
presented  by  that  nobleman  to  the 
French  King,  with  a  atiitenient  that  it 
was  the  produce  of  Scotland,  '*  where 
that  metal  doth  increase  and  engender 
within  the  i?arth  taut  of  the  two 
elements  earth  and  water."  Soon 
aflter  the  Earl  of  Morton  beeanie  re- 

feut,  in  1572,  Cornelius  returned  to 
London  and  assigned  his  privileges  to 
Arnold  Bronkhurst  (another  Dutch 
painter^  who  executed  two  portraits  of 
JamcH  VL  and  one  of  Mr.  George 
Buchanan),  under  condition  that  the 
proceeds  should  be  tranimxitted  to  hiui 
and  his  friends  in  London ;  but  the 
Earl  of  Morton  now  saw  no  reason  for 
relaxing  the  bullion  laws,  and  refused 
all  the  applications  of  Bronkhuri^t  for 
eotifirmation  of  the  assignment,  until 
the  latter  became  a  sworn  servant  of  the 
King  of  Scotland,  whereby  the  English 
adventurers  were  deprived  of  all  the 
capital  they  hud  invested  in  the  concern. 
From  the  preamble  of  the  Act  of 
Jatnes  VL  in  L51M,  for  furthci'ing  of 
the  King*.?  commodity  by  tbe  mines 
and  metaL*,  wc  learn  that  Bronkhurst 
retained  his  patent  till  that  date,  al- 
thomjh  he  hatl  can-ied  it  on  negligently, 
and  for  some  years  left  it  in  abeyance. 
The  narrative  is  \n  these  cpiaint  mid 
amusmg  terms : — 

*'  Tbat  the  ^nid  inconvenience  has  eo- 
sued  by  reason  our  said  sovereign  lord  and 
hii  most  noble  progenitors  was  in  use 
commonly  to  let  the  said  hail  mines  within 
their  dominions  to  one  or  two  stmngfrti 
for  an  imaU  duty,  who  neither  had  «ub* 
ataace  to  cause  labour  or  work  tfie  hun- 
dredth part  of  any  one  of  the  said  mines, 
oor  yet  instructed  other  lieges  tn  thia 
realm  in  the  knowledge  thereof  ^  which  is 
more  than  notour  be  the  doings  of  the  pre- 
sent tacksmen  of  the  mines,  who  neither 
work  presently  nor  has  wrocht  these  many 
yeara  by  past,  nor  ever  lias  9er»rched, 
iought,  nor  di-s«*overrt  any  new  metals  since 
his  entry,  nor  htis  in«t  true  ted  any  of  the 
lieg(*j»  of  the  country  hi  thnt  knowledge  ; 
ond\  Uf/tieh  U  m&^t  mc^mpenient  of  ati, 
1 


IMaj. 


has  wade  no  supcient  pasfmetd  qf  th 
duty  to  our  Aovereifffi  iord'f  thetaurer  ; 
that  no  part  of  the  said  yearly  duty  1 
ever  come  Ui  the  said  the*aurcns  ttccomp 
to  his  highness  use  and  co mmodity,  whereby  1 
our  said  sovereign  and  the  hail  country 
will  an. stain  great  loss  gif  a  stranger  »h&U 
bruik   ID   this    manner    the    hail   meUla. 
within  his   roaje^y's  dominiooa,   but  psy* 
ment  of  any  duty  for  the  space  of  twenty-^ 
one  years  altogidder.*' 

Then  follow  enactmentfii  as  to  the  fii» 
ture  granting  of  leases,  and  the  wholft] 
concludes  with  a  ratification  of  the  pri* 
vileges  of  Thomas  FouUia,  goldsmithtj 
who  **  has  found  out  the  engine 
molen  to  cause  melt  and  fme  the  i 
of  metal  within  this  country.**     Af^e 
this  latter  clause,  we  are  not  surprised] 
to  find  in  the  followinf^  year  a  •^mnt  J 
to  the  said  Thomas  Fouli is  of  the  gohl,] 
silver,   and    lead -mines   in    Crtiwford  j 
Muir,  Frjar  Muir,  and  Glengounar,  I 
and  still  less  so  when  wc  learn  that] 
the  king  owed  him  14,594/.  ami  hadj 
pledged   in   security    "  twa    dnnkin^l 
pieces  of  gold."     From  the  prote<!tioa| 
already  mentioned  granted  t«j  his  ear- 
riei*s,   it   would  appear   that   Foullitf  ] 
worked  the  mines  with  considerable  ' 
a*isiduity ;  and  he  aeems  to  have  formeil 
a  permanent  connection  with  them  by 
purchasing  part  of  the  ground  on  whiea 
tbey  arc    situated,  as  it  was  by  thd  | 
nuirrijige  of  James  Hope  of  Hopetoud 
in  1638  with  the  clmigliter  and  iieireii  ^ 
of  Robert  Foul  is  that  the  preaeut  EarU 
of  Hopctoun  acquired  their  proj>erty 
at  Lead  hills* 

Some  time  subsequent  to  the  grant 
to  Foullis,  but  before  the  death  of 
Elizubeth, — the  exact  date  is  uncer- 
tain,— Mr.  Bovis  Bulmer  obtained  lot- 
tcrs  of  recommendation  from  that  queca 
to  the  Scotish  court,  where  he  wjls  well 
receive*!,  and  procured  a  patent  "  to 
adventure  and  search  for  gohl  and 
silver-mine^  in  any  place  withiu  tUi5 
kingdom,*'  but  especially  in  this  dis* 
trict.  The  history  of  this  tudividual 
Ib  mo^t  curious^  and  acquaints  us  witb 
the  existence  of  mining  speculations 
so  cnormoun  that  we  can  scarcely  credit 
the  fact  of  their  having  been  under-^ 
taken  at  so  early  a  periofl.  At  Lead- 
bilb  it  h;iB  always  been  supposed  that 
he  was  a  German  ;  but  Mr*  Cunniiig- 
hajn»  in  his  IIxuidlx>ok  of  London, 
states  that  ho  wa^  an  Englishman,  an<i 
I  aui  unable  to  produce  satisfactory 


1853,] 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regiom  of  ScoHand, 


46o 


proof  of  either  coDcliii*ion  ;  but  it  is 
certaiD  that  he  was  long  eo^^aged  in 
most  extensive  mining  adventures  in 
England,  and  a  jjreat  tiivourite  of 
Queen  Elizabeths  lib  pupil,  Atkinson, 
and  the  records  of  the  city  of  London, 
both  designate  him  bj  the  phrase  «/* 
ingenitms  gerdienmn.  He  worked  the 
lead-mines  at  Mendip  in  Somerset- 
shire, which  he  declared  wua  liis  most 
profitable  undertaking.  At  Rowpit*, 
near  Chewton-Minery,  he  was  unauc- 
cesaful,  no  leaa  than  10,O0€/.  having 
been  expended  out  "  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth's purse  to  perf^Tct  the  same,  but 
could  not.'*  When  the  silver  and  lead- 
mine  at  Combe  Martyn  in  Devonshire 
was  discovered,  he  instantly  embarked 
in  that  speculation,  which  for  four  jeara 
proved  most  succesaful,  each  partner 
clearing  1,000/.  per  annum.  When  it 
was  wrought  out  he  came  to  London^ 
and  erecteil  an  engine  at  Broken  Wharf 
in  Thames-street  tu  supply  the  houses 
in  the  west  part  of  the  city  of  London 
with  water  from  the  river.  The  engine 
was  worked  by  horses,  and  the  water 
conveyed  in  pipes  of  lead.  On  the 
26th  of  October  m  the  same  year,  1594, 
he  presented  to  Sir  Richard  Martine, 
the  Master  of  the  l^Iint^,  then  Lord 
Mayor,  a  cup  made  out  of  the  last 
cake  of  silver  got  at  Comlje  Martyn. 
The  gift  is  thus  recorded  in  the  reper- 
tory of  the  Court  of  Aldermen  :  "  This 
day  Bevis  Buhner,  Esq.  freely  gave 
unto  the  lord  mayor,  conimunafty,  and 
citizens  of  this  city  one  standing  cup 
with  a  Cfwer^  made  all  of  English  silver, 
weighing  131  ounces,  and  11  ounces 
17  pennyweights,  A^ne  in  goodness  by 
the  assay,  wliich  silver  ^ffu?  at  Combe 
Marty n  in  Devonshire,  and  was  taken 
out  of  the  earth  sithwise  the  Ist  of 
August  last."  Atkinson  has  also  left 
us  a  description  of  this  cup  :— "  It  was 
made  by  one  Mr.  Medly,  a  goldsmith 
in  Foster-lane^  with  Mr.  Bulmer*8  pic- 
ture engraved  thereoDi  and  with  these 
verses  annexed  i — 

Wbeti  water  works  at  Broken  Wharffe 

At  first  erected  wefe. 
And  Bevis  Bulmer  by  his  art« 

Tlie  wftter  gan  to  rear, 
DispersM  I  ID  earth  did  lye, 

I'TODQ  nil  beginning  ould, 
In  place  called  Combe,  where  Martyn  long 

Had  bidd  me  in  hia  moulde. 
1  did  no  service  on  the  earth. 

Nor  no  ta«n  eett  me  free, 

Gekt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX, 


Till  Bulmer,  by  hU  arte  and  skill, 
Did  frame  me  thus  to  be." 

It  is  lucky  that  this  description  has 
beeu  preserved  ;  for  although,  my  dear 
Grotius,  you  may  have  read  the  dictum 
that  a  corporation  has  no  conscience, 
because  it  ha^s  neither  soul  nor  body, 
and  might  conclude  that  it  was  desti- 
tute of  taste  from  a  similar  want  of 
organs,  you  will  hardly  believe  that 
one  of  the  worshipful  lord  mayors  has 
had  this  fine  old  cup  melted,  and  ma- 
nufnctured  into  one  double  and  two 
single  awaW/Joft?.  I  add  no  more,  for 
1  see  by  that  eloquent  grimace  and 
the  half-muttered  phrase  of  Corney 
Delainey — "  Oh,  the  Turks  and  hay- 
thens  *' — tliat  you  fully  appreciate  this 
Vandalisim. 

Arter  this  Bulmer  engaged  in  cer- 
taia  Irish  mines^  the  produce  of  which 
was  refined  at  his  ex  lifting  works  in 
Devonshire ;  and  then  came,  as  wo 
have  already  mentioned,  to  Leadhdls. 
After  spending  a  few  years  there,  and 
collecting  good  store  of  gold,  he  re- 
turned  to  London,  and  presented  to 
the  Queen  a  porringer  made  of  the 
same,  with  this  posey  : 

I  dare  not  give,  nor  yet  present, 
But  render  part  of  that's  thy  owne. 

My  mind  and  hart  shall  still  invent 
To  se«ke  out  treasure  yet  uoknowne* 

Elizabeth  was  much  gratified  with 
this,  made  him  one  of  her  sworn  scr- 
vanta,  and  gave  him  in  larm  the  duty 
on  sea-borne  coals  at  a  rent  of  6,200/, 
a  year.  But  having  trusted  too  much 
to  his  deputies,  who  deceived  him,  he 
wafl  deprived  of  this  office  for  non- 
payment of  the  rent. 

\Vhen  King  James  came  to  London 
after  his  accession  he  sent  for  Mr. 
Bulmer,  and,  after  discoursing  long  and 
learnedly  on  the  mines  of  the  kingdom, 
opened  to  him  "  a  plott  **  for  their 
working,  which  was  certainly  most 
characteristic  of  the  British  Solomon, 
viz.  that  twenty-four  gentlemen  should 
be  moved  to  advance  each  300/.  for 
this  purpose,  "in  consideration  of  which 
disbursement  each  man  was  to  have 
the  honour  of  knighthood,  and  be  for 
ever  called  a  Knight  of  the  Golden 
Mynes,  or  a  Golden  Knight/*  Tbia 
notable  scheme  was,  however,  defeated 
by  the  opposition  of  the  Earl  of  Salis^ 
bury ;  but  Bulmer  and  his  friend  Mr. 
John  Cleypole,  who  had  assisted  him 
3  O 


A  Trip  to  ihe  Chid  Regiom  uf  Scotlamh 


466 

In  his  adventures,  were  made  knightot 
and  the  former  returning  to  Leadhtlls 
resumed  hb  operations.  Ue  was  there 
in  1606  when  the  ailver-mine  of  IliU 
derstone  waa  diaco%*ered»  With  bis 
usual  Tcrsatilitj  be  removed  tbither, 
but,  being  unable  to  carry  on  the 
work  for  watit  of  means,  be  resigned 
it  to  Sir  TbotHaa  Hamikouu  of  Bjnne 
in  the  following  year.  In  1608  the 
King  hiiiiBelf  undertook  the  niaoage- 
ment  of  this  mine,  and  appointed  Bui- 
mer  governor,  in  which  post  he  re- 
loained  till  the  year  1613,  when  he 
died  at  Austin  Moor*  His  pupil  and 
Buccessor  Atkinson  has  letl  u  full 
record  of  his  proceeding  at  Leadbill^. 
On  his  £rst  arrival  he  located  himself 
in  Glengonar  Water^  on  the  otbei'  aide 
of  the  hill  itbove  us,  one  of  the  peaks 
of  which  still  bears  liia  name*  Uere 
be  built  himself  a  house,  which  was 
only  taken  down  in  the  present  century, 
aud  the  site  of  which  is  still  marked  by 
two  trees.  He  also  purohased  the  lands 
about  it,  where  he  kept  a  large  stock 
of  cattle  and  sheep,  and,  having  con- 
structed a  watercourse,  obtained  much 
gold,  lie  then  removed  bis  operations 
to  the  place  where  we  are  now  seated^ 
and  got  as  much  gold  as  would  main- 
tain three  times  as  many  men  as  he 
did  keep  royally.  He  intended  to  have 
built  another  d well ing-houite  and  store- 
house here,  but  was  prevented  by  want 
of  funils.  Finally  he  erected  a  stain  ping - 
mill  at  (he  head  of  Langcleuch  Burn, 
which  we  formerly  passed,  having  there 
found  a  little  string  or  vein  powdered 
with  small  gold.  In  spite  of  bis  mani- 
fold adventures  Buhner  died  poor,  as 
we  are  quaintly  informed  by  Atkiu* 
son. 

He  had  always  many  irons  in  the  fier 
besides  these  which  he  presently  himseife 
looked  ooj  and  often  times  mtricate  matters 
in  hand  to  decyde^  and  too  many  prodigajl 
wasters  hangtDg  on  every  shoulder  of  him, 
And  be  wasted  much  himselfe,  aod  gave 
liberally  to  many  for  to  b«  honoured, 
praiiedf  and  magnified,  else  be  might  have 
been  a  rich  subject,  fur  the  least  of  these 
fnigaUties  (?)  were  abte  to  robb  an  abbott. 
By  such  Kynister  means  he  was  impove- 
riihed,  and  followed  other  idle,  Teniall, 
vices  to  his  dying  day,  that  were  not  allow- 
able  of  God  nor  maa  ;  aodl  so  once  dowue 
aye  downe^  and  at  last  he  died  in  my  debt 
34 0£,  starliuj?  to  my  grtst  hinderance,  and 
left  me  in  Ireland  much  in  debt  for  him» 
&c.     God  forgive  ui  all  oar  ainnes. 


[Mny. 


How  true  a  picture  of  the  career  of 
many  a  speculator  besides  Sir  Bevis! 

After  Bulmer's  deaths  Atkitison,  who 
had  been  employed  by  him  as  a  refiner 
in  Devonshire  and  Ireland,  aod  fi&iJly 
at  Hilderstone,  worked  the  mines  uX 
Lead  bills,  of  which  he  acquired  a  grant 
in  1616,  but  without  success,  luiTing 
been  disappointed  in  obtaining  aome 
acknowledgment  from  the  King,  which 
he  had  been  promised.  Under  these 
circumstances  be,  in  1619,  compoaed  a 
treatise  on  the  gold  miuea,  in  the  hopes 
of  exciting  the  interest  of  the  rojal 
James ;  and  a  *^  dainty  dish  it  wm  to  tei 
before  the  ktng,"^'  admirably  seasoned  to 
his  taBte  by  allusions  to  David  and 
Solomon,  by  comparisons  of  this  dis* 
triet,  with  its  four  stream leta,  to  Bdcu 
and  its  rivers,  "whereby  it  may  be 
called  a  second  garden,  though  mot  m> 
pleatant  nor  fruitful^**  and  by  the  rela- 
tion of  a  prophecy  by  two  shipwn^cked 
Eliilosophers  in  the  reign  of  Joiiinat 
jng  of  Scotland,  b.c.  160,  that  there 
would  be  a  great  light  and  discovery 
of  gold  mines  when  a  king  wan  bom 
"  having  a  privy  signs,  marke,  or  token 
npou  his  body  the  like  unto  •'^"."  -^nll 
have  [of  course  you  recoUe^  i'^ 

James  was  said  to  have  tbi.  i- ..,-  .4  a 
lion  on  his  side],  who  shall  raignei  rtili^ 
and  gov  erne  in  peace,  and  be  supreoM 
head  of  the  kirke,  and  a  prince  of  moe 
kinfrdomcs  then  is  Scotututl.'*  'fhm 
book,  however,  had  not  tlie  d€#tr^ 
effect,  and  Atkinson  in  despair  aban- 
doned the  gold-mine®,  which  were  l«l 
in  1621  for  twenty-one  years  to  John 
Hendlie,  a  physician,  h  rom  tbi«  date 
the  search  for  gold  as  an  article  of 
commerce  appears  to  have  been  aban* 
doned,  although  small  i[uantitiea  con* 
tinue  to  be  obtained  even  up  la  the 
present  day  by  the  desultory  and  mi- 
authorised  washing  of  the  workmen  of 
the  district,  and  sold  as  objecti  of  cu- 
riosity. 

It  was  in  one  of  these  ruined  [ 
that  John  Taylor,  whose  reniarke 
longevity  has   lieen   recorded   in 
Household  Words,  spent  the  last  yc 
of  his  long  life.     I  suspect  that  the  i 
of  It'j?,  OS  g^iveii  on  his  tomb-stone  t 
Leadhills,  is  slightly  exag;.*i'^"*"  '    M 
there  are  no  data  wherct  ct 

age  can  b©  determined  with  .  -,-,.iy. 
The  only  trust  worthy  and  autlieotio 
account  of  him  which  exista  is  con- 
tained in  a  MS.  in  my  poncaMon  which 


185a.]  A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  oj 


Scoiiam 


467 


I 


I 


I  shall  now  reml  to  you.  It  wa^  drawn 
up  by  Sir  George  Cockburn  in  Marcli 
1767,  a  few  jearg  beibre  his  death. 


History  qfJohn  Taylor,  March,  1767, 
John  Taylor,  son  of  Bernard  or  Barna- 
bas Taylor  (he  calls  bira  Barny),   by  his 
wife  Agnea  WateoD,  was  born  in  Garry 
I  Gill^  in  the  parish  of  Alston  in   Cumber- 
land,    BiB  father  came  from  Weatmore- 
j  land,  was  a  minerv  and  died  when  John 
I  was  only  4  years  old,  leaving  two  daugh. 
I  ters  older  and  a  son  younger  to  the  cans 
J  of  their  mother^   who   lived  many  yeari 
after.     Hii  eldest  aUter  (Agnea)  went  to 
the  south  of  England  unmarried,  and  never 
returned  :  the  other  (Mary)  married  one 
Wm.   Hoggard  (or  Haggard  ?),  a  miller 
at  Penrith,  whose  children  were  alive  there 
not  many  years  ago.   His  hrother  (Thomas) 
went  to   FUnders  unearned  as  a  ewldier 
under  K.William,  and  never  c etiirncd.  John 
was^  at  the  age  of  nine  years,  set  to  dress- 
ing of  lead  ore,  which  he  followed  for  two 
y*!ttrs  at  2d.   per  day :  he  then  went  to 
work  below  ground,  and  had  been  em- 
ployed in  assisting  the  miners  in  removing 
the  ore  and  rubbish  at  tbe  rate  of  id.  a- 
day  for  three  or  four  years,  when  the  great 
solar  e<*li|jse,  called  Mirk  Monday,  hap. 
peaed ;  for  he  aaya  be  was  at  that  time 
at  the  bottom  of  a  shaft  or  pit,  and  waa 
desired  by  the  man  at  the  top  to  rail  tboae 
below  to  come  out,  because  a  great  cloud 
had  darkened  the  sun,   so  that  the  birds 
were  fidling  tu   the  earth.     Thi«  event, 
which  he  has  alwise  told  with  the  satne 
circumitancea,    is    ttic    only    Bera     from 
which  to  reckon  his  age.     He  continued 
to  work  in  the  minea  at  Alston  till  about 
26  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  the  lead- 
minei  at  Btack-Halb  in  the  bishoprick  of 
Durham,  where  he  wrought  some  eight  or 
nine   years ^    and  was  then   sent   by  one 
Doiiljledaya,  a  Quaker,  to  Wew  and  make 
a  report  of  some  minea  in   the  island  of 
lalay.     Sometime  after  hia  return  he  went 
back  to  Islay,  where  he  remaioed  as  a  kind 
of  overseer  for  a  year  or  more.     But  for 
some  years  after  this  his  history  appears 
a  little  dark,  as  he  wrought  at*  different 
minea  in  the  South  of  Scotland  and  North 
of   England   in   an   ambulatory    manner, 
without  bein^  able  to  ascertain  the  time 
be  remained  in  any  one  place.     He  and 
all  bia  family  have  alwiae  asserted  that  he 
lived  28  years  in  lalay,  whereas  by  what 
is  formerly  asserted,    and   what   follows, 
which  is  aacertained  by  proper  certificates 
presently  in  his  own  possession,  we  have 
only  22  years  of  his  residence  there.     Be 
that  as  it  will,  in  1 707   he  waa  employed 
by  Lord  Lauderdale  at  the  Mint  in  Edin- 
burgh  in   coining  the  Scots  money  into 
British.     In  1 709  he  married  his  only  wife 


ill  Islay,  being  then,  A  he  says,  upwards 
of  sixty.     He  wrought   there  as  a  miner 
till  1*30,  when  he  came  to  Glasgow,  and, 
leaving  his  family  there,  went  to  the  mines 
at  Strootiau  in  Arg)'lesbire,  and  returned 
to  Glasgow  about  two  years  after.      He 
wrought  at  Glasgow  aa  a  day-labourer  till 
1733,  when  be  came  to  Leadhills,  where 
he  wrought  regularly  as  a  miner  till  1752. 
He  was  alwise  a  thiti  spare  man,  about  5^ 
feet  high,  black* haired,  ruddy-fjced,  and 
long-visaged.     Had  alwise  a  good  appe- 
tite, and  when  he  was  obliged  to  go  to 
work  faa  the  miners  are  at  all  hours)  found 
no  diaficulty  of  making  as  hearty  a  meal  at 
midnight  as    at   mid-day :  this   diet  was 
chiefly  flesh,  and  alwise  the  best  he  could 
procure.     His  drink  malt  liquor  ;  and,  al. 
though  he  could  never  be  called  a  drunkard, 
he  saya  he  never  refused  a  good  fellow.    He 
never  remembers  to  have  been  sick  (for  the 
imall-pojc  he  had  in  hia  infancy)  till  about 
1724,  when  be  was  seized  in  Islay  with  a 
bloody  flux.     At  Strontian  he  was  seized 
(in  common  with  the  rest  of  the  miners) 
with  the  scurry,  occasioned  by  drinking 
spirits  and  feeding  on  salt  provisions,  and 
afterwards  with  a  fever.      The  only  cir- 
cumstance remarkable  attending  this  last, 
was,  that,  having  been  let  blood,  the  wound 
broke  out,  and  before  it  was  discovered 
the  blood  had  run  thro'  the  bed  and  floor 
to  a  lower  room.     In  Fehr.  175B,  his  wife 
died,  and  he  having  got  cold  was  seized 
with  a  looseness,  attended  with  feverish 
symptomH,  which  brought  him  very  low ; 
but  since  bis  recovery  he  has  not  had  the  • 
least  complaint.     At  present  his  appetite 
is  still  good,  but  ands  a  glass  of  brandy 
necessary  to  warm   his  stomach   twice  or 
thrice  a  day.     He  lias  a  very  antiquated 
look,  but,  aJtho'  the  hair  on  his  eyo-browa 
and  heard  are  perfectly  white,  that  on  his 
bead  is  not  more  grey  than  of  most  meu 
at  50.     He  lyes  much  abed  in  the  cold 
weather,  but  in  warm  days  he  walks  out 
with  a  stick,    and    is  not  greatly  bowed 
down.     In  last  Oct^  he  walked  from  his 
own  house  to  Leadhills  (a  computed  mile), 
and,   having  entertained  hia  children  and 
grandchildren  in  a  publick  house,  return* 
ed  the  same  day  on  foot.     His  wife  bore 
him   nine   children,  of  which   four  died 
young.     The  eldest  (a  daughter)  was  bom 
in  1710,  was  married,  and  died  in  1744. 
Two  sons  and  two  daughters  are  still  alive 
in  L«adhillB,  and  all  married  except  his 
youngest  child,  a  aon,  aged  about  36.    He 
is  not  yet,  nor  ever  was,  a  great  sleeper, 
and  alwise  used  a  great  deal  of  exercise. 
Till  within  these  few  years  he  used  to  divert 
himself,  while  the  season  answered,  with 
fishing  (trouU)  with  a  rod. 
14th  March,  1767. 
(MS.  from  George  Verc  Irring,  Esq  ) 


466 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regiom  of  Scotland, 


[May, 


What  a  striking  contrast  Joea  Ma 
plain  and  unvflmished  statement  pre* 
gent  to  t\m  conjectural  eloquence  of 
the  lively  journalidt,  wlio  appears  not 
to  have  been  aware  that  Taylor  tlid 
not  come  to  Leadhills  lill  he  was  verg- 
ing on  ninety ;  that  only  one  Earl  of 
Hopetoun  died  during  his  residence 
there;  that  Taylor  was  in  Entjiand 
during  the  troubles  of  the  Covenanter  a ; 
that  ladders  were  not  used  in  the  mines 
at  the  period  when  he  worked  here ; 
and  that  the  trout,  the  only  edible  fiah 
of  the  burns,  can  only  be  taken  in 
warm  weather,  in  consequence  of  which 
no  man  hi  his  sound  and  sober  senses 
would  think  of  going  out  to  catch  them 
when  a  anow-storm  was  brewing ! 

The  decliDing  sun,  however,  warns 
us  that  we  have  lingered  long  enough, 
and  that  we    urnst  now   pursue   our 
journey  up  the  gleu .     The  evidences  of 
the  mining  operations   become   more 
frequent  at  every  step,  and  waste  heaps 
are  seen  in  rapid  succession  on  the  hdl 
above  us»     On  reaching  the  house  of 
Lord  Uopetouo's  gamekeeper,  we  leave 
the  Shortcleugh  Water,  and  ascend  the 
hill  to  a  remarkable  cleft  or  pass  called 
the  Thiers'like  Mass,  no  inappropriate 
name  for  this  secluded  part  of  the  road, 
where  a  few  yai-^ds  only  in  advance  can 
be  seen  from   any  one  spot.     One  of 
*   the  farmers  reluming  from  a  pay-day 
at  Leadhills  was  actually  relieved  of 
bis  pocket-book  at  this   place   about 
fifty  y ears  ago;  but,  to  the  credit  of 
the  districti  I  may  add  that  this  is  the 
solitary  instance  of  such  a  crime  on 
record.     In  the  good  old  time  of  the 
Volunteers,   the   miners   of  Leadhills 
were  tbrmed  into  several  companies  of 
fiharpshoolers,   and   the  sides   of  this 
pass  was  their  usual  exercise-ground, 
no  bad  school  for  thut  description  of 
troops,  you  must  admit.     More  than 
one  mock*battle    took    place    among 
these  cmga  and  heathery  brnes;    on 
one  of  these  occasions  Lord  Hopctoun*g 
agent  having  advanced  too  tar  in  front 
of  his  men  was  surrounded  by  a  party 
of  his  opponents,  and  repli«d  to  their 
order  to  surrender,  not  with  an  heroic 
"A   Volunteer    can    die,   but    never 
yield ! ''  but  with  the  much  more  na- 
tural exckmiition  of  **Uout,  ye  gowks! 
there's  no  taking  o' prisoners  the  day  I" 
Near  the  further  side  of  the  paaa  we 


meet  with  the  6rst  drift  or  adit  now  Id 
use, — a  low,  dark,  dreary-lookiug  hole,  , 
supported  by  stout  wooden  beams  al  ] 
the  mouth.  Some  five-and- twenty  i 
years  ago  that  level  waa  the  ecene  of  I 
one  of  tke  accidents  to  which  all  mines  f 
are  liable.  Those  in  this  district  are  j 
happily  free  from  fire*diLmp  and  othef  J 
noxious  gases,  but  serioufl  and  fatal  1 
calamities  occasionally  result  Irom  tha 
roof  of  the  passages  falling  upon  the 
miners  when  at  work.  This  appeart  J 
to  have  been  the  case  occasionally  ever  J 
since  the  works  were  begun,  for  Atkin*^ 
son  marks  the  spot  where  he  carried  I 
on  some  of  his  mining  operationi| 
as  that  place  on  Shortcleugli  Water] 
"  where  George  Parkend  was  slaine  br  1 
a  fall  of  the  bray  after  a  great  weete.  I 
In  the  case  of  the  level  we  are  now  I 
examining^  the  accident  was  fortunately  1 
not  attended  with  fatal  consequence%| 
the  fall  having  taken  place  between^ 
the  spot  where  the  men  were  working 
and  the  mouth  of  the  adit.  They  thuj  i 
escaped  immediate  injury^  and  wcnoj 
got  out  in  safety,  after  being  uumurad  I 
in  total  darkness,  with  the  water  iif^j 
to  their  breasts,  for  the  space  of  t  href  J 
days  and  nights. 

A  few  yards  further  on,  and  the  puil 
suddenly  opens  on  the  elevated  amphul 
theatre  ui  which  the  village  of  Leadhillaj 
is  situated.  The  unexpected  chungel 
from  a  total  solitude  to  this  bu^y  sccne^l 
from  the  dark-brown  heath  to  thftj 
bright-green  grass  with  which  the  basin 
has  been  clothed  by  the  sp^^i*'  hu*.^ 
bandry  of  the  miners,  ts  mtBi 
more  especially  as  it  occurs  nj 

very  few  yards,  I  might  almost  aajr 
feet,  and  without  the  amallcst  pre*' 
paratory  indication*  The  location  and 
arrangement  of  the  houses  is  moat 
irregular  and  picturesque  ^  but  you 
observe  that  many  of  them  are  in  a  state 
of  ruin  and  decay — and  inquire  the 
cause.  This,  however,  is  a  subject  so 
extensive  that  it  requires  a  longer  ex* 
amination  than  we  could  devote  to  it 
in  the  small  period  of  daylight  we  hav 
left,  so  we  wdl  hasten  on  to  the  aul 
slantial  fare  and  clean  rooms  of 
hostelrie  nt  the  Hopetoun  Armsi,  j 
defer  to  the  morrow  our  further  in- 
vestigation of  the  village  and  ita  more 
recent  histonr*  _ 

(  To  be  continued, J 


^tlitthur^h. 


Commtmicaied  by  A,  B,  Q, 


4^9 


'-cttr^ 


HEPPLE  CASTLE  IN  NORTHUMBERLAND* 


HEPPLE  CASTLE  is  built  on  the 

north  side  of  the  river  Coquet,  about 

f  four  miles  west  from  Rothbury,  and 

I  near  the  boundary  of  the  parish.     It 

•  Btnnds  io  a  secluded  but  picturesque 

>  81  tujit ion,  overlooked  by  iibr4>ken  ascent 
I  of  bold^  romantic,  heather -chid  hills, 
I  rising  one  above  another. 

From    many    concurring    circum- 

•tices  in  hifstory,  there  is  reason  to 

that  the  village  of  Hepple  was 

kpart  of  the  demesnes  of  Ceolwolf,  the 

[.last  Earl  of  Northumberland,  under 

Willifliu  the  Norman.     WilliaiUt  on  his 

\  return  from  Scotland,  deprived  Gos* 

;  patric  of  the  earldom,  and  bestowed  it 

upon  Waltheof,  who  was  now  become 

\  A  }rreat  favuurite,  and  to  whom  he  jjave 

'  his   niece   Judith   in    marriage,   anno 

1073.     Li  the  following  year  a  con* 

Bpiracy  was  formed  by  many  of  the 

priuti|>!d  Normans,  who  prevailed  upon 

\Valtheof  to  take  part  in  it  at  a  feast 

where   they   all   Leeume    intoxicated- 

When  rest  had  dispelled  the  fumes  of 

,  liquor,  it  was  seen  in  a  very  different 

L light  by  the  unhappy  Waltheof,  who 

^  became  re«tle-&8  and  neniiive.    At  length, 

to  relieve  his  loaded  hearty  he  commLU- 

tiicated  the  aifair  to  his  wife,  of  whosis 

fidelity  he  had  no  doubt;  but  the  faith- 

'  less  Judith,  whose  aflectiona  were  6xed 

>  on  Ivo  Tailbois,  Baron  of  Kendal,  gkd 
[  of  an  opportunity  of  mining  her  hus- 
band,  sent  a  trusty  messenger   into 


Normandy  to  reveal  the  plot  to  her 
uncle,  and  aggravated  the  guilt  of  her 
husband,  who  was  afterwarda  con- 
demned and  executed.  She  was  after- 
wards married  to  Ivo  Tailbois. 

In  the  reitrn  of  Henry  the  First  the 
Tiiilbois  family  were  seised  of  the  ba- 
ri  my  of  Ilepple,  cum  memhris  mis^  but 
subsequently,  it  would  appear,  the 
name  of  Tailbois  was  dropped,  and  that 
of  De  Heppalc  assumed — a  en  atom 
then  common  on  the  acquisition  hy  a 
cadet  of  territorial  property  snfhcjent 
to  become  the  foundation  of  on  inde- 
pendent family.  Connected  with  the 
Tailbois  by  matrimonial  ties  were  the 
Kurteuays  and  De  Bat  tern  unds,  or  De 
Baudenients  (in  modern  orthography 
Courtenay  and  Biiteroan),  who  for  some 
time  held  lands  here.  Thebanmywaa 
of  great  extent,  comprising  at  the  time 
Great  Tosson,  Little  Tc)S3on,Bickerton, 
Warton,  Plotter  ton,  Newton,  Fallow- 
lees,  Nether  Trewit,  and  Over  Trewit. 

The  Ilepples  were  seized  of  the  ba- 
rony till,  by  the  marriage  in  1331  of  Sir 
Robert  Ogle  with  Annabclta^  daughter 
aod  heirchs  of  Sir  Robert  de  Heppale, 
Knt.  it  came  into  the  possession  of  the 
Ogles,  in  whose  family  it  continued  till 
the  reign  of  Charles  I. ;  when  it  passed 
with  Catherine  Baroness  Ogle  to  Sir 
Charles  Cavendish  of  Welbeck,  father 
of  the  first  Duke  of  Newcastle,  cele- 
brated in  the  civil  wars  as  "the  soul 


Hepple  Cattle  in  Northumberland, 


470 


of  the  royal  cause  in  the  North,*'  He 
contributeii  10,000  meo  and  a  troop  of 
horse  to  the  King's  expedition  agamst 
the  Scots ;  imd,  according  to  a  caku- 
latioo  of  the  Duchess,  was  plundered 
and  injured  to  the  great  extent  of 
733,579^-  The  grand -daughter  of  the 
Duke,  the  Lady  Margaret  Cavendish, 
marrying  John  Holies  Earl  of  Clare, 
carried  the  barony  of  Hepple  into  that 
family.  The  K:irl  leaving  only  an 
heircr'a,  the  Lady  Henrietta,  it  passed 
with  her  to  Edward  Harley  Earl  of 
Oxford  and  Mortimer,  and  founder  of 
the  Hiirleian  Library.  It  then  came 
into  the  hands  of  the  Bentinek  family, 
by  the  marriage  in  1734  of  the  second 
Duke  of  Portland  with  the  Lady  Mar- 
garet Cavendigh  Harlev*  only  daughter 
and  heiress  of  thti  Earl  of  *)xf<>rd.  It 
is  now  the  property  ot  Sir  Wullur  Bu- 
chanan Riddel  1,  Bart,  into  whoae  fumily 
it  came  in  1803^  by  purchase  from  the 
late  Duke  of  Portland. 

Hepple  Caatle  at  present  ia  in  the 
last  stage  of  dilapiclRtion,  Ahout  half 
a  century  ago  the  exterior  walls  of  a 
strong  and  stately  tower  were  still 
standmg,  tolerably  entire,  and  which 
had  probably  been  the  manor-house  of 
the  proprietors  of  Hepple*  as  it  is  said 
the  court-leet  of  Hepple  lordship  was 
held  here  in  former  times,  until  the 
castle,  being  ruined  by  the  Scots,  was 
totally  abandouetl  by  the  lord,  who  re- 
moved his  court  to  Great  Tosson,  where 
tht?  tenants  of  Hepple  ami  the  demesne 
annually  convene  to  this  day.  In  erect- 
ing a  few  farmstead*  an  elforfc  was  made 
to  demolish  the  remaining  fragments 
of  this  strong  tower;  but  the  attempt> 
afler  repeated  trials,  was  relinquished 
by  the  workmen,  who  found  it  easier 
to  cut  stones  from  the  hardest  quarry 
than  to  separate  tlieae  from  the 
cement. 

This  castle  was  probably  the  first  of 
the  chain  of  torts  which  extended  trom 
thence  to  W  ark  worth,  and  which  was 
intended  to  form  a  barrier  against  the 
incessant  and  destructive  incursions  nf 
the  warlike  borderers. 

Upon  a  line  summit  called  the  Rirk 
Hill,  about  half  a  mile  west  of  Hepple, 
Btood  a  chapel,  the  remains  of  wbit-h 
were  removed  about  the  year  1760. 
In  the  chuncel  the  fragments  of  a  tomb- 
stone, with  its  supporters,  was  disco- 
vered, and,  what  is  curious,  was  stand- 
ing  in  a  north  and  south  direction. 


[May, 


This  monument  was  much  defiiced,  and 
it  was  with  extreme  difficult j  that  the 
following  parts  of  the  inscription  were 
deciphered : — 

Here  Lies  .  .  ,  ,  .  Countess  of 
,.,,..  who  died her  s|p}* 


I  loir'd  my  lord,  obey'd  my  king. 
And  kept  ray  conscience  clear, 

Which  Death  disurtneth  of  hia  sling, 
And  Cbristiiiiis  all  endear. 

My  puissant  posterity 

Still  the  fortora'd  befriend  ; 
Peacfit  pleasure,  and  prosperity 

My  tep«fltry  attend. 

Farewell,  survivors  in  the  gross  I 

Whea  you  tiehold  my  bust, 
Lameat  your  late  liege  Udy^s  loss, 

Tlien  blending  with  the  dust- 

An  old  dirge  stuteg  her  to  have  1 
the  very  mirror  of  roeeknese*,  a^h 
to  every  one,  and  consequently  idolis 
by  ali.  She  is  alsKi  repreflented  to  ha  vol 
been  a  heroine  on  horseback,  unrivaledl 
in  the  chase,  and  warmly  devoted  ta J 
athletic  exercises ;  but,  above  all,  t\m\ 
is  pmsed  for  relieving  the  oppressed^ 
Previous  to  her  death  she  compo«eAl 
her  own  epitaph,  but  the  woi-ds  of  thiAl 
doleful  ditty  (which  consisted  of  i»evei|| 
stanzas)  are,  it  is  to  be  feared,  for  ev€ 
lost. 

About  a  hundred  paces  west  of  the 
site   of  this  chapel  are  the  traces  of^ 
several  buildings  where  Old  Hepp' 
formerly  stood.    It  i a  said  to  have  been ' 
destroyed  by  the  border  wars.     At  a 
short  distance  to   the  north-west  of 
Hepple  is  a  British  entrenched  strong* i 
hold  called  Hetchester.    The  annexedj 
drawing  will  convey  a  correct  idea 
the  ibnn  and  strength  of  this  ancte 
hill  fortress.     The  interior  length   oC 
the  entrenchment  is  140  yards,  and  Xhmj^ 
breadth  90  yards  ;  the  breadth  of 
inner  ditch  is  IH  feet,  and  of  the  ejt* 
terior  ditch  15  feet ;  each  of  the  tma 
piers  is  \6  feet  in  height  and  6  feet 
breadth.     The   bill  beinjr  very  it 
and  difficult  of  access  on  the  north 
west  side,  the  fort  has  bad  but  tv 
ditches  in  that  part.     Most  of  the  en « 
trench  men  ts  have  been  levelled,  and  ii 
is  ordf  on  the  north*west  side  that  the 
remain  in  any  degree  of  good  preservt 
tion.     The  foundations  of  the  ancien 
buildings  are  very  perceptible  withe 
the  entrenchment;    but  all  traces 


[1853.] 


■"m}. 


man  0/ /Jfidi*at<r. 


Ibb  remmrkable  caatrametatioE  will 
soon  b€  obliterated^  ad  excavations  for 
lime  are  proceetling  in  the  heart  of  the 
works.  On  the  opposite  aide  of  tht; 
Coquet  ia  the  military  station  caUed 
Ilarehaugh .  \\^es  t  of  1 1  e  ppl  e^  and  near 
the  site  of  the  old  chapel,  a  nmnber  of 
iiroa  have  been  found*  Hetchester,  as 
ita  name  imports,  was  ia  subsequent 
times  occupied  by  the  Romans. 

The  barony  of  Hepple  forms  part  of 
agrftzing  district  abounding  with  beau- 
tiful sheep-walks,  which  were  formerly 
the  scene  of  constant  thefl  and  spuUzie., 
and  were  occupied  with  little  profit. 
This  state  of  *^  rief  and  felon ie  "  is  well 
described  in  a  border  ballad  : — 

Rook  hope  stands  in  a  pleasaot  place, 

If  the  false  thieves  wad  let  it  ht; 
But  away  they  steal  our  goods  apace, 

Aod  ever  an  dl  death  may  they  dee. 
Ah  me  !  ia  not  this  a  pitiful  case, 

That  men  dare  not  drive  their  goods  to 
tbe  felU 
But  limmer  thieves  drive  them  away^ 

That  fear  neither  heaven  nor  bell  ? 
Then  tn  at  Rookhopc  Head  they  pome. 

They  run  the  forest  but  a  iDile» 
They  gather* d  together  in  four  boars 

Six  hundred  sheep  vrithm  a  while* 

But,  such  is  the  altered  state  of  things 
I  consequence  of  the  security  now  af- 
forded b^  law  and  order,  that  a  tract 
of  land  ID  the  same  district  ^^  I  land 
lordship,  the  property  of  Sir  Thomas 
Legardj  Bart.)  which  in  1631  was  let 
only  lor  5/.  a-year  was  in  1731  let  for 
400/.,  and  since  the  commencement  of 
the  present  century  for  3,000/.  per 


annum.  In  this  locality  tbe  Cheviot 
breed  of  sheep  are  found  in  their  full 
perfection  ;  tue  sweet  green  herbage 
on  which  they  dcpiiature  seems  to  be 
peculiarly  favourable  for  breeding  this 
useful  and  beautiful  race  of  animals. 

Hepple  was  the  native  place  of  the 
renowned  Robert  Snowdon,  who,  in 
the  sixteenth  year  of  his  age,  fought 
and  slew  John  Grie?e,  a  celebrated 
Scotch  champion,  in  a  pitched  battle 
with  small  swords  at  GamWepiith,  on 
the  borders.  This  occurred  some  time 
before  the  union.  Snowdon  had  a 
black  horse  which  he  valued  greatly. 
It  was  stolen  one  nighty  when  he»  ac- 
companied by  two  friends,  pursued  the 
thief  to  the  Scotish  bonier,  where  from 
a  wretched  hovel  his  voice  was  answered 
by  the  neighing  of  his  favourite,  on 
which  the  unsuspecting  Snowdon  dis- 
mounted and  rushed  into  the  house; 
but,  while  in  the  act  of  unloosing  his 
horse,  he  was  run  through  the  body  by 
a  concealed  assassin. 

Ilepple  was  also  the  birthplace  of 
Mabel  Snowdon,  who  belonged  to  the 
same  familj  as  the  above  renowned 
swordsman.  She  was  the  wife  of  John 
Coufhron  (Scotic^  CocAran),  and  the 
mother  of  the  admirable  George  Coueh- 
nan,  who  was  born  at  the  adjoin mg 
village  of  Wreighill  on  the  24th  August, 
1752.  Thig  prodigy  of  genius,  had  he 
lived,  would  have  been  a  star  of  the 
first  magnitude.  He  excelled  all  his 
competitors  in  the  mathematical  sci- 
ences, and  soared  above  the  reach  of 
the  hoary-headed  philosopher.     As  a 


m 


raits  of  the  Trapphtts, 


CMay, 


poet  also  he  bid  fair  to  liave  attained 
pre-erainence.  The  attachment  of  thiij 
woQderful  youth  to  books  appeared  at 
a  very  early  age.  At  night  his  lamp 
freqtiently  burnt  out  when  eotiYeraing 
with  the  immortal  Euclid,  Newton,  Sim- 
8on,  Emerson,  Maclaurin,  and  others, 
with  whose  grand  principles  he  be- 
came intimately  acquaioted.  Ilia  per- 
severance was  perhaps  unequalled,  but 
his  progress  supported  his  spirits,  and 
he  always  returned  to  the  spade  or  the 
plough  with  the  greatest  cheerfulness, 
b tiring  hia  brief  career  be  had  ob- 
tained no  fewer  than  ten  prizes  for 
answering  questions  in  liuxions  alone. 
He  challenged  all  the  mathematicians 
of  his  time  to  answer  the  pri^e  question 


in   the  Gentleman's  Diary  for   ITTS^j 
which   was  not  accepted,  and   the 
lotion  was  given  by  himself.    This  fACl' 
alone  estahushea  his  auperiorily  in  the 
mathematical  sciences. 

Previous  In   his  death   (cM^casioned  i 
by  the  small-pox),  which  happened  «ft| 
K"ewcast!e-on-TyneK,  the  10th  January,! 
1 774»  he  was  engaged  on  very  liberu  \ 
terms  by  Dr.  Maskelyne,  astronomer- 
royal»  to  be  his  calculator.     A  bright 
path  to  the  temple  of  fame  was  opened  ^ 
out  to  him^  and  the  muses  had  woveill 
for  him  a  wreath  of  immortality  ;  butl 
his   mighty   soul,    too   great   for    thitf 
world,  burst  its  clay  prison,  and  soared  ' 
alofl  to  brighter  scenes    and    nobler 
pursuits.  £.  H* 


TRAITS  OF  THE  TRAPPISTS^THE  COUSINS  OP  MONTROSE. 


THE  Cardinal  de  Richelieu  and  the 
Marquise  d*Efliat  (whose  son^  Cinq 
Marsi  his  eminence  soon  aJler  judicially 
murdered),  on  the  9th  Jan.  162G»  met 
to  hold  as  sponsors  at  the  baptismal 
font  the  young  heir  to  the  almost  ducal 
house  of  Bouthilier  de  Ranee.  The  in- 
fant received  the  chriatJEin  names  of  his 
illustrious  godtather,  and  the  little  Jean 
Armand  was  endowed  by  the  Cardinal 
with  the  sponsor ra I  gift  of  the  Abbey 
de  la  Trappe,  to  be  hold  en  by  him  in 
"command/  that  is,  to  take  its  profits 
and  neglect  its  duties. 

Let  me  here  state,  by  way  of  pa- 
renthesis»  that  of  all  the  abuses  in  the 
Cliurch  of  France,  there  was  none  so 
outrageous  as  that  of  the  **  com  men- 
dams."  In  old  times,  when  war  or 
pillage  threatened  an  ecclesiastical  pro- 
perty or  institution,  it  was  ibe  eu^ntom 
to  make  over  the  same,  recnmmendeti 
(cotnmendahtm)  to  some  noble  powerful 
enough  to  protect  it.  This  was  a  pro- 
vision al  arrangement  with  the  election 
of  the  titulary ;  but  the  conifnendatortf 
drew  the  revenues,  and  men  became 
proud  of  being  commendntories.  They 
were  ready  to  pay  for  the  office  by 
assigning  to  the  nominators  a  portion 
of  the  jncorae ;  and,  moreover,  the 
papal  sanction  always  made  an  ultra- 
montanist  of  him  who  profited  by  the 
bargain.  The  commendams  increased 
daily,  and  that  most  in  times  when  they 
reased  to  be  needed.  "  If  an  Indian 
2 


were  to  visit  us,"  remarks  MontesqiiieUf 
"it  would  take  more  than  half  ajnemr|l 
as  he  walked  over  the  trottoirs  of  ftkti»g\ 
to  make  him  comprehend  what  a  em 
mendam  is,"  An  Abbe  en  commands  w»m 
"in  orders,"  without  being  a  priest, 
and  might  take  a  wife  unto  hiuiselft 
on    condition     of   surrendering     his 
"commande***    If  he  did  worse  than 
marry,  such  sacrifice  was  not  required  j 
of  him.     At  all  times  the  office  might  ' 
be  retained  by  a  libertd  payment.    In- 
deed, the  nobles  who  had  the  power  of 
appointing^    derived     a    considerable 
fortune  from  them.     In  the  reign  of] 
Louis  XIII.   the  Count   de    Sorssona 
heaped  a  dozen  of  these  offices  on  a 
single  Abb6,  who  retained  but  a  poor 
thousand  crowns  f(»r  his  pay,  and  re- 
turned many  hundred  thousand  into 
the  coffers  of  his  very  religions  patron* 
— But  to  return  to  De  Ranee. 

He  was  a  marvellous  boy  that  Jean 
Armand  Bouthilier  de  Ranee  I    He  wai  ^ 
yet  in  short  clothes  when  he  puzzled  i 
the   king*s   confessor   by   asking   bim 
questions  on  Homer  in  Greek ;  and  be 
published  an  edition  of  Anacreon,  with 
notesj  at  the  same  age  (twelve  years) 
as  Campbell   made  the  transltttion   of  ] 
the  "  Clouds  "  of  Aristophanes,  which 
was  given  to  the  world  bv  a  twopenny  ] 
subscription  of  his  schooffellows.    The 
Cardinal  gave  his  godson  some  valuables 
church  preferment  for  this   piece  of 
Bcholarsfaip.      Marie  de  Medicis  pre* 


1853.] 


ofifkc  TrappUUt* 


Huiiied  him  with  <?reatiiL'Mt^  \\\  the  furiii 
nl  L']ii[»ty  tilk's,  and  Church  siiid  Crown 
vied  wiih  each  other  hi  shavveriiig  down 
u J 10 II  him  ecclesiastical  privilcf^es  with 
umch  profit  Attached,  and  ^utlicleut  to 
satisfy  the  ambition  of  the  most  un* 
eunscioiiable  of  aspimDls. 

llti  waa  Ji  niai-vel  oi'  a  j priest  was 
tills  tfame  Jean  Ariiiand !  Ft>i*  oucc 
tliat  he  preached,  a  thou sEimi  times  did 
ho  eotdtr  /itnretks  in  the  wlUitig  oarsJ 
of  nohlc  lady  or  village  lUiiid.  He 
dressed  in  tine  Hnen  and  a  world  of 
lace,  wore  red  heels  to  his  .shoes,  talked 
uuph  Ills  tie  nonsense  in  the  circle  at 
Madiime  <le  liaiabouiilct*ii»  carried  a 
sword  on  his  hip,  and  was  ever  ready 
to  run  it  through  the  body  of  the  iirst 
man  who  dared  but  to  '^  bite  hiis 
t h u mb ' '  1^ a  1  le  \ lasscd .  lie  d  riin k  hard, 
danced  gracefully,  swore  round  oath^i, 
and  made  love  iiTcaiistibly.  lie  was 
gi'and  master  in  the  court  of  folly,  aud 
was  perhaps  scarcely  out  of  his  charac- 
ter when  he  ci^poused  the  widow  of 
Sear ron  to  the  grnnd  ttiomirqiie,  Coi n- 
parcd  with  the  orates  which  i^cared  the 
good  people  on  his  estate  at  Vcrctz, 
ikmti  wt  Medenham  Abbey  were  puri- 
tanic righteousness.  The  only  symptom 
of  seriousness  ^iven  by  the  mai#ter  of 
the  revel  wOii  id  his  addiction  to  the 
study  of  astrology*  If  beneath  the 
shadowy  splendour  of  the  stars  be  re- 
gistered many  a  jMirjnred  vow,  he  was 
as  credulous  as  the  nxaids  whom  be  de* 
ceived  in  the  promises  he  read  in  the 
constellations;  and,  if  lie  was  ardent  in 
the  pursuit  of  *'  maids  who  love  the 
moon/*  he  was  not  less  so  in  the  study 
of  the  moon  itself.  At  this  time  he 
was  not,  indeed,  in  full  urderii,  and 
therein  be  saw  ample  apolog^y  for  his 
debauchery,  his  dm^Uini;,  his  love  of 
lield-^jHjrtii,  an<l  his  murderous  cruelty 
to  idl  who  stooil  for  n  moment  between 
him  and  his  inclinations. 

hi  16j1,  soon  atler  his  full  ordina- 
tion, he  refused  the  bishopric  of  Leon, 
in  llritany,  lor  the  twofold  reason  that 
it^  rcvetiues  were  small^  and  that  it^ 
distance  from  the  gay  capital  lent  any- 
thing but  cnehantment  to  its  episcopal 
prospect.  He  walked  abroad  in  a  per- 
fect blaze  of  glory,  such  a-s  tailors  alone 
can  create  for  man.  The  sumjuaiy  of 
his  character  may  be  found  in  an  ex- 
pression of  his  own  :  '*  1  preached  this 
morning,"  said  he  on   one  occasion, 

Gbnt.  i\L4G.  Vol,  XXXIX. 


"like  an  angel,  and  now  1  am  goin^j  to 
imnt  like  the  very  devil  !'* 

This  demoniacal  incarnation  set  the 
climax  to  his  crimes  by  seduciug  (lie 
DuL'hessdeMontbazon, — no  very  difli- 
cult  task;  but  the  duke  had  been  his 
benefactor.  He  was  so  gentlenmu- 
like  in  his  vices  that  he  ini^lit  have 
plciised  that,  very  nice  man  of  the  world, 
Lord  Chestertleld  himself  If  he  lived 
ten  years  in  close  intimacy  with  the 
duchess,  he  did  all  he  could  not  to 
i^hock  the  duke  by  forcing  the  intimacy 
on  his  knowledge.  Excelleut  man  ! 
Mephistopheles  coidd  nut  have  been 
more  devilishly  eomplaisant. 

The  guilty  duchess  suddenly  dieil  of 
an  at  lack  of  measles.  There  *s  a  legend 
which  tells  of  De  iLincc  having  unex- 
pectedly beheld  her  in  her  cotlin  ;  it  is 
somewhat  apocrypliab  It  is  fact,  how- 
ever,  that  he  rushed  through  his  own 
woods  screaming  her  name,  and  hurling 
imprecations,  like  Ajux  when  defying 
Heaven*  He  was  shocktidj  but  it  was 
after  the  fashion  of  Lady  Jano  Grey's 
husband  in  Dr»  Young*s  poem,  lie 
bewailed  bis  ioHtdelights rather  than  his 
mistresses  destiny,  and  his  thoughts  in 
prcisenco  of  her  body  rested  upvui  in- 
cidents that  had  better  have  been  for- 
gotten. He  seriously  tried  to  raise  the 
devil  in  order  to  procure  the  restora- 
tion of  the  duchess  to  life.  Failing  in 
thia,  he  iKicame  half  insane,  and  in 
one  of  his  wildest  tjts  betook  himself 
to  &  cast-off*  mistress  of  Gaaton  of  Or- 
leans for  ghostly  ndvice.  The  dej>oscd 
concubine  was  sick  of  the  world,  and 
she  speedily  made  Dc  Ranee  share  in 
her  sentiments.  He  went  about  with 
points  untrussed,  doublet  unbuttoned, 
beard  untrimmed,  and  cruelly  loose- 
gartered.  He  began  in  this  guise  to 
excite  admiration,  and  his  fanaticism 
assumed  such  an  aspect  that  his  eccle- 
siastical superiors  deemed  him  a  fitting 
missionary  to  explore  the  wilds  of  the 
Himalaya*  He  deeply  declined  the 
office,  and  hinted  to  the  Bishop  of 
Aleth  that  he  thought  his  vocation  was 
to  turn  hermit,  liie  good  bishoji  said 
Satuu  himself  had  oibcn  done  that,  and 
irapelle*!  others  to  do  the  like,  but  that 
if  he  were  a  man  with  a  nnmly  heart 
there  was  other  work  for  him  in  the 
world  than  the  toil  of  eternally  doing 
nothing.  De  Ranee  took  six  years  to 
make  up  bifi  mind.  At  the  end  of  that 
3? 


TraiU  of  the  Trappi^. 


474 

time  he  defrauded  his  natural  heirs  bj 
selling  his  estates.  The  produce  be 
invested  for  the  benefit  of  the  abbey 
of  La  Trappe,  and,  having  obtained 
the  consent  of  the  king  and  the  autho- 
risation of  the  pope  to  enter  upon  the 
"  regular  "  administration  of  the  insti- 
tution of  which  he  had  hitherto  been 
only  the  titular  superior,  he  proceeded 
to  the  godless  locality,  restored  the 
old,  or  rather  created  an  original, 
rigidity  of  rule,  and  very  much  dis- 
gusted the  few  monks  who  still  lingered 
Behind  the  dilapidated  walls,  and  who 
were  given  to  sip  ratafia  rather  than 
read  their  breviaries.  Wlien  De  Ranee 
entered  upon  his  new  duties  at  La 
Trappe  he  received  episcopal  benedic- 
tion at  the  hands  of  no  less  a  person 
than  the  Irish  Bishop  of  Ardagh. 

There  were  but  seven  monks  in  re- 
sidence at  the  monastery  when  De 
Kancc  assumed  authority  there.  He 
at  once  stop|)ed  their  playing  at  bowls, 
and  they  threatened  to  horsewhip  him. 
They  were  got  rid  of  by  a  pension  of 
ibur  Iiundred  livres  each ;  and  the  new 
Abbe  added  exami)le  to  precept  by 
so(m  after  burning  all  the  love-letters 
he  had  received  from  tlie  Duchess  dc 
M(mtbazon,  and  distributing  daily  alms 
and  food  to  no  less  than  four  thcmsand 
beg^jars!  He  opened  the  institution 
to  lul  comers,  and  without  much  ques- 
tioning. Occasionally  some  who  after 
admission  repented  of  their  course, 
and  became  desirous  of  entering  the 
world  again,  were  detained  against 
their  will ;  and  I  cannot  help  tliinkinff 
that  the  Ablw  himself,  who  maintained 
a  lieavy  correspondence  and  repaireil 
not  unfrecjuently  to  the  capital,  was 
employed  by  the  government  to  carry 
out  its  vengeance  against  politiciu 
ollenders.  The  regulations  of  the  mo- 
nastery would  have  made  a  Sybarite 
iaint  at  hearing  them  only  read.  The 
hour  for  rising  was  the  second  afler 
midniglit.  Silence  was  seldom  broken, 
and  the  brother  who  ventured  to  raise 
his  eyes  from  the  ground,  except  when 
bidden,  was  guilty  of  a  great  olTencc. 
Haiti  labour,  hard  fare,  and  hard  beds 
were  allotted  to  the  monks,  whose  only 
hope  of  escape  from  them  was  by  death. 
The  Abbot  himself  lived  simply,  and 
was  no  doubt  a  sincere  man ;  but  ho 
had  in  his  househulil  a  **  cellarer,"  and 
what  that  official  served  at  the  abbot*s 


CMiy, 


own  table  is  a  matter  upon  wlikk  I 
confess  to  be  exceedingly  curioiia.  If 
De  Kancc  had  a  table  and  flask  (tf  his 
own,  80  also  had  he  a  will  and  a  da- 
termination.  He  professed  • 
— ^iu  oilier  words,  he  believed  that  i 
of  his  own  resolution  could  not  walk  in 
righteousness,  but  that  he  needed  the 
prevenient  grace  of  Grod  to  put  him 
in  that  path,  and  enable  him  thereon 
to  make  progress.  The  Jesmts  and 
Jesuitically-inclined  popes  held  that 
where  man  had  a  will  to  be  rifl[*~" 
the  grace  would  follow  to  help 
and  that  such  divine  ffrace  could  not 
well  be  efficacious  without  the  human 
will.  No  wonder  tiiat  De  Ranc^  was 
only  considered  half  a  saint  by  many 
of  his  co-religionists.  It  did  not  amisfc 
him  to  better  his  reputation  that  he 
<|uotcd  Horace  and  Aristophanes  in 
his  letters,  and  Uiat  he  corresponded 
with  Bossuet,  the  Eagle  of  Means. 
What  merit  was  tiiere  in  hia  denun- 
ciation of  all  classical  learning  (whiofa 
he  decried  with  a  rabid  eamestneM 
that  is  imitated  in  our  days  bj  the 
Abbe  Gaume),  while  he  cited  the  erotie 
and  irreligious  poets  of  antiquity  ? 
What  was  the  worth  of  his  works  to 
Home  when  he  sided  with  Boawet  in 
advocating  the  liberties  of  the  Grallican 
Church?  Recluse  he  was,  and  austere; 
but  in  his  seclusion,  and  amid  the  prae* 
tices  of  his  self-discipline,  he  wrote  to 
and  was  visitctl  by  some  Terj  giqp 
people.  The  Duchess  of  Quiche  en* 
livene<l  his  cell  by  many  a  yisit,  St. 
Simon  amused  him  with  his  cour^ 
gossip,  and  Pelisson,  the  ez-IVotest* 
ant,  exhibited  on  his  table  the  accom- 
plishe<l  s])ider  which  that  cxemplarr 
convert  had  laboriously  educate! 
When  alone  he  wrote  diatribes  agunat 
the  learned  Benedictines,  and  after 
these  had  shamed  him  into  silence  he 
penned  lengthy  apoloflncs  in  support  of 
the  revocation  of  the  £dict  of  Nantes. 
The  work  he  most  ardentiy  pursued 
was  one  that  has  been  taken  up  by  the 
Veuillots  and  Cahilb  of  these  later 
times;  and  he  was  the  first  who  quali- 
fied as  a  ^^f(lorioiu  idea**  the  union  of 
all  llomish  powers  to  annihilate  the 
Satanic  kingdom  of  Enslandl  He 
hated  marriage,  even  in  laics,  and  de- 
nounced it  sarcastically  as  a  more  aeyera 
penance  than  any  ho  had  enjoined  aft 
La  Trappe.      Ijiis  was   amoiig   hia 


1«530 


Tmitsofihe  TrappkU* 


475 


capital  errors ;  yet  he  was  rich  in  capital 
virtues  too  ;  but  the  coniratlicitions  in 
his  character  were  very  manj.  HJs 
latter  years  were  yesirs  of  dignity  antl 
perhnps  useliilness,  and  he  finally  died^ 
m  the  quality  of  a  simple  brother  of 
the  order,  in  the  year  1700.  Of  the 
[«eventy-four  years  of  his  life  exnctly 
ft)ne'half  was  spent  in  the  worhl,  the 
fOtbor  half  in  the  chiihter. 

They  who  would  become  more  fully 
flcquaintetl  witli  the  details  of  the 
lile  of  this  sin^lar  man  may  consult 
Chateaubriand  s  last  and  dullest  work, 
published  during  the  vfscounfa  life- 
time. Of  the  companions  and  follow- 
ers of  De  Ranee  many  interesting  ind- 
dentg  may  bo  foand^  by  those  who 
have  patience  to  dig  for  them,  in  the 
five  weary  volumci*,  entitled  "  Kela- 
tions  de  la  Vie  et  de  la  Mort  de  quelques 
Retigieux  de  FAbbaye  de  la  Trnppe," 
published  in  Paris  at  the  beginning  of 
the  last  century.  In  these  voluoiea 
we  find  that  the  brethren  were  sworn 
to  impart  even  their  thoughts  to  the 
Abbot.  They  who  did  so  most  abund- 
antly apfjear  to  have  been  most  com- 
mended in  very  bad  Latin ;  and  this 
and  other  acts  of  obedience  were  80 
dear  to  Ileaven  that  when  the  authonj 
of  them  stood  at  the  ftU^ir  tlieir  leas 
eager  brothers  beheld  their  persons  sur- 
rounded with  a  glory  that  they  could 
hardly  dare  to  gaze  upon.  The  can- 
didates for  admission  included,  doubt- 
less, many  sincerely  pious  men ;  but 
with  them  were  degi'aded  priests, 
haunted  murderers,  run*away  goldiers, 
robbers,  antl  defrauders,  who  could 
find  no  other  refuge,  and  on  whose 
heels  the  sharply-ixtinted  toe  of  the 
law  was  most  pamftiUy  pressing.  All 
that  was  asked  of  these  was  ol>eaienee. 
Where  thii<  failed,  it  was  compelled* 
Where  it  abounded,  k  was  praised. 
Next  to  it  was  humility*  One  bro- 
ther, an  ex-trooper,  reeking  with  blo^xl, 
ifi  laudeil  because  he  lived  on  baked 
apples,  when  his  throat  was  too  sore 
to  adntit  of  his  ^wallowing  more  sub- 
,  itiintial  food  1  Another  brother  is  com- 
ared  most  gravely  with  Moses,  be- 
Buse  he  was  never  bold  enough  to 
enter  even  the  pantry,  with  his  sandals 
on  his  feet.  Still,  obetlience  wa»  the 
first  virtue  eulogised  —  so  eulogiied, 
that  1  almost  suspect  it  to  have  been 
rare,  li  was  made  of  so  much  import- 


ance  that  the  community  were  informed 
that  all  their  faith  and  all  their  works, 
without  blind  obedience  to  the  supe- 
rior, would  fail  in  securing  their  sal- 
vation. Practical  blindness  was  as 
strongly  enjoined,  and  he  who  used  his 
eyes  to  least  purpose  was  accounted 
as  the  better  man.  One  brother  did 
this  in  so  praiseworthy  a  way  that  in 
eight  years  he  hail  never  seen  a  fault 
in  any  of  his  brethren.  It  was  not  this 
sort  of  blindness  that  De  Ranee  re-* 
quired,  for  he  encouraged  the  brethren 
in  the  accusation  of  one  another.  More 
praise  is  given  to  the  brother  who  in 
many  years  had  never  beheld  the  ceil- 
ing of  his  own  cell  ;  and  vast  lauda- 
tion is  poured  upon  another  who  was 
BO  little  accustomed  to  raise  his  eyes 
from  the  gi^ound  that  he  was  not  aware 
that  a  new  chapel  had  been  ei^ected  in 
the  garden  until  he  bi*oke  his  head 
against  the  widL  On  one  occasion  the 
Duchess  de  Guiche  and  a  prelate  vi- 
sited the  monastery ;  after  they  had 
left,  a  monk  dung  himself  at  the  Ab- 
bot's feet,  and  confessed  that  he  had 
during  the  visit  ventured  to  look  at 
the  face — *'  Not  of  the  lady,  thou  re- 
probate!" said  De  Ranee  ; — **  Of  the 
aged  bishop  I "  gasped  the  monk.  A 
courie  of  bread  and  water  comi>enBatcd 
for  the  crime.  Some  of  the  brethren 
illustrated  what  tbejr  understood  by 
obedience  and  humihty  after  a  strange 
fashion.  For  example,  there  was  a  rude 
ba«.ket-raaker  who  had  been  received, 
and  who  was  detained  against  his  will, 
after  he  had  expressed  an  inclination 
to  withdraw,  llis  place  was  in  the 
kitchen.  The  devastation  hecommitt^ 
amongst  the  crockery  was  somethiog 
stupendous — and  not,  I  suspect,  alto- 
getner  unintentional*  However  this 
may  bc^  he  was  not  only  continu- 
ally fracturing  the  Delft  earthenware 
dishes,  but  incessantly  running  to  the 
Abl>ot^  and  from  him  to  the  Prior,  from 
the  IVior  to  the  Sub-prior,  and  from 
the  Sub-priur  to  the  master  of  the 
novices,  to  confess  his  fault ;  and  then 
to  his  kitchen  again,  once  more  to 
smash  whole  crates  of  plates,  followed 
by  hiH  abundant  confessions,  and  de- 
nving  evident  enjoyment  alike  In  de* 
stroymg  the  property  and  assailing  with 
noisy  apologies  the  officers  of  an  msti- 
tution  which  he  was  resolved  to  in- 
spire with  a  desire  of  getting  nd  of 


rraits  of  the  TrappStf. 


[May. 


liim.  In  spite  of  forperl  iletention  there 
waa  a  mnck  iippearaiicc  of  liberal  it >% 
and  at  Jiiontbly  asseiiiWicfs  the  briitbif  ii 
were  asked  if  there  were  anytJiing  in 
the  an  angejiient  of  the  mstkution  and 
its  rules  which  tliey  woukl  desire  to 
have  clmiiged*  *'  Tbey  had  onlj  to 
apeak. *'  True,  but^  as  they  knew  what 
would  follow  upon  expressed  objec- 
tion^ every  brother  bckl  bis  peace. 

If  dcatb  were  the  suieidal  object  of 
mauy»  the  end  nppenrs  to  have  l»een 
gejicndly  attained  with  speedy  cer- 
tarnty-  Hie  superiors  anil  a  lew  iimnks 
reaidied  an  advanced  ago,  but  few  of 
the  brethren  died  old  men,  Con  sump - 
tion,  intiaui motion  of  the  kings,  ami  ab- 
scesses— at  memory  of  the  niiiiute  de- 
scription of  which  the  very  heart  turns 
sick,  carrieil  oft*  its  victims  with  ter* 
rible  rapidity,  lilen  entered,  volun- 
tarily or  otherwise,  in  good  health.  If 
they  did  so,  determined  to  achieve 
suicide,  or  were  driven  in  by  the  go- 
vernment with  a  view  of  putting  them 
to  death*  the  end  soon  came,  and  was, 
if  we  may  believe  what  we  read,  wel- 
comed with  alacrity*  After  graduali 
painful,  and  unresiste^l  decay,  the  suf- 
ferer naw,  as  his  last  hour  approached, 
the  cinders  strewn  on  the  ground  in 
the  shape  of  a  ctos^,  a  thin  scattering 
of  straw  was  made  upon  the  cinders, 
and  that  was  the  death-bed  upon  wbich 
every  Ti-applst  expired.  The  t>ody  was 
buried  in  the  habit  of  the  ortler,  with- 
out coffin  or  shroud,  and  wa.H  borne  to 
the  grave  in  a  cloth  upheld  by  a  few 
bi-otners.  If  it  fell  into  it.s  last  recep- 
tacle with  huddled-uplindiSjDe  Ranee 
would  leap  in  and  dispose  the  uncon- 
scious members  so  as  to  make  them 
assume  an  attitude  of  repose. 

Every  man,  at  least  every  man  whose 
life  is  naiTated  in  the  volumes  I  have 
named  above,  changed  his  worldly  ap- 
pellation on  turning  Trappist  for  one 
more  becoming  a  Christianvocation.  A 
good  deal  of  confusion  appears  to  have 
distinguished  the  rule  of  nomenclature. 
In  many  instances  when  the  original 
names  had  impure  or  ridiculous  signi- 
fications the  chango  was  advisable;  but 
I  cannot  see  how  a  brother  became 
more  eognixablc  ns  a  Christian  by  as- 
suming the  names  of  Pa  lemon,  Achilles, 
Moses  oven,  or  Ih troth/  !  "  Theo<iore  " 
J  i*an  un<lerst:md,  but  !htro(hy^  though 
it  bears  the  same  UK^anine,  seeniH  in 


me  but  an  imlifierent  name  for  a  monk, 
even  in  a  country  where  the  male 
Montmorencies  delighted  in  tlje  bap- 
list  iitd  prefix  of  "  Anne/* 

None  of  the  monks  weredisiinguishecl 
by  suporduous  tlesh.  Some  of  iheni 
were  so  thin-skinned  that  sitting  on 
bard  chairs  their  bones  fairly  rublieil 
through  their  very  thin  epidermis. 
They  who  so  suflered,  and  joy  fully ,  were 
held  up  as  bright  examples  of  godli- 
ness. This  reminds  me  of  Voltuiiv'i 
famous  Fatpiir,  Bababec;  who  walked 
the  world  naked,  carried  sixty  |x>uiid!t 
of  chain  round  his  neck,  and  never  sat 
down  but  upon  a  wooden  chair,  co- 
vered with  muls,  the  point*  upwards! 
The  dialogue  l>etween  the  Fac^uir  and 
Omri  is  really  not  widely  discordant 
from  the  sentiments  in  the  old  Tra[»- 
pist  biographies*  Omri  asks  if  he  han 
any  chance  of  ever  reaching  the  blessf^I 
abode  of  Brahma.  '^WeU,**  answers 
Bababcc  (I  am  quoting  from  memory), 
"that  dcfvends  very  much  upon  cireuai- 
Btances ;  how  do  you  live  ?"  "  1  try/' 
answers  Omri,  *'  to  be  a  goo<l  citijjen, 
father,  husband,  and  Iriend.  I  lend  my 
money  without  usury,  I  give  of  my 
Buhstauce  to  the  poor,  and  1  maintain 
peace  among  my  neighbours/^  "Do 
you  ever  sit  upon  nails  with  the  point.** 
upwards?"  '* Never."  *''Wdh  tlien, 
I  am  sorry  for  you,"  answers  the 
Faquir,  "for  tUl  you  do,  ynn  Imv,^  uq^ 
chance  of  getting  beyond  thi 
heaven/'     Do  not  let  us  b^  i| 

either  to  censure  or  to  ridicule.  Where 
there  is  gross  error,  great  sincerity 
may  alxmnd.  I^^aquir  mnd  Trappist 
thought  as  they  had  been  taught  to 
think;  and  ^Ir.  Thompson,  who  hai 
barely  concluded  the  Bampton  Lectures 
at  Oxford  tor  18/53,  has  told  us  In  one 
of  them,  that  even  the  ninccre  wor- 
shippers of  Baal  may  have  been  more 
tolerable  in  the  sight  of  God  than  In* 
tellectusd  Christians  who,  having  • 
right  understand  I  ng  of  the  truths  neglect 
the  duties  which  that  truth  enjoiiu 
them. 

There  i:^  however,  matter  fur  many 
a  sigh  in  these  safiron-leaved  and  worm- 
eaten  tomes  whose  pages  1  am  now 
turning  over.  I  find  a  monk  who  ha* 
pasisetl  a  sleepless  night,  from  ]»ain.  To 
test  his  obedience,  be  is  opdcrcMl  to 
confes.**  that  he  has  slept  wdl  ani] 
sidVere<l  noiliing.     Me  tells  th^«  Ijc^aiuI 


mdk 


J 


1853.] 


Traits  of  the  Trappht^. 


477 


is  commended.  Another  confesses  his 
readincRP,  t^  Dr.  Newmun  has  so  re- 
cently done,  to  surrender  any  of  his 
own  delilterately  made  convictions  at 
the  bidding  of  his  superior,  **  I  am 
wax/*  he  says,  *^  for  you  to  mould  me 
AS  you  will  *^ — and  his  utter  surrender 
f>f  self  is  eommended  with  much  windi- 
nej^s  of  phrase,  A  third,  involuntarily 
as  it  wcruj  remarking  that  Ins  scalding 
broth  is  over-salted*  bursts  into  tears 
at  the  enormity  of  the  crime  involvetl 
in  such  a  complaint;  and  praise  fulls 
upon  him  more  thiekly  than  the  salt 
dnt  in  hia  brotli.  *'  Ye.s'*  snys  the 
Abbots  "it  is  not  pray  in;:,  Tior  watch- 
ing, nor  repentance,  that  is  alone  asked 
of  yon  by  Go<l,  bnt  humility  and 
obedience  therewitli,  and  first  obe- 
dience/' To  test  the  fidelity  of  those 
professing  t(*  have  this  humility  and 
obedience,  the  most  outrageous  in- 
sults were  inllicted  on  auch  as  in  the 
world  had  been  reckoned  the  most 
high -spirited;  iind  it  is  averred  tbat 
these  never  failed.  They  kissed  the 
sandal  raised  to  kick,  blessed  the  hand 
lii\ed  to  smite  them*  A  proud  youn^ 
oiMcer  of  Mousquetaires,  of  whom  1 
Inwe  strong  suspicions  that  he  had 
embezzled  a  good  ded  of  liis  Ma- 
jesty's money,  acknowledged  that  he 
WHS  the  greatest  criminal  that*  ever 
lived,  but  he  stoutly  denied  the  same 
when  the  ofiicera  of  tlie  law  visited  the 
monastery  and  accused  him  of  frau- 
dulent practices*  This  erst  young 
nobleman,  in  his  character  of  Trappist, 
had  no  greater  delight  than  in  being 
allowed  to  clean  the  spittoons  in  the 
chapel*  and  provide  them  with  iresh 
saw-dust  I  Another,  a  young  Martiuis, 
peribrmed  with  deliglit  a  servde  oliice 
of  a  still  more  oflenBivc  charwcter* 
This  monk  was  the  llower  of  the  fra- 
ternity. He  was  given  to  accuse  him- 
self, we  are  told,  of  all  aorta  of  crimes, 
not  one  of  which  he  had  committed 
or  was  capable  of  committing.  **He 
represented  matters   so  ingeniously," 

^  Fariodoa,  the  old  royalist  diTine  in  the  days  of  King  Charles,  Bays,  on  the  subject 
of  Adam  putting  the  blame  of  his  disobedience  on  the  shoulders  of  Eve,  thus  quaintly : 
"  Behold  here  the  first  am  ever  committer!,  and  behold  our  first  father  Adam  ready 
with  nn  excuse  as  soon  as  it  was  committed. — He  doth  not  deny  p  but  in  plain  terms  doth 
confegi},  that  he  did  eat;  and  comedi^  *  I  have  eatea/  by  itself  had  been  a  wi^e  answer; 
hut  it  is  comedi  with  mulier  dediij  *  I  dtd  eat/  but  '  the  woman  gave  it/  a  confession 
with  an  extenuation^  and  such  a  co&feasion  as  is  worse  than  a  flat  denial,  '  llie 
wuwan  gave  it  me/  waa  a  deep  aggravation  of  the  man 'a  traoegression.  It  ia  hut  dedii^ 
the  gave  it  him,  bnt  he  was  willing  to  receive  it.  And  that  which  maketh  his  apology 
worse  than  a  lie  (?),  and  rendereth  hia  excuse  iaexcusable»  is,  that  he  removeth  ttMi 


says  De  Ilanee,  who  on  this  occasion 
is  the  bioj^rapber,  "  that  without  lying 
he  made  himself  pass  for  tlie  vile  wretch 
whieh  in  truth  be  was  not."  He  nius^t 
have  been  a  clever  individual!  be  lied 
like  Irutb. 

When  I  say  that  be  was  the  flower  of 
the  fraternity^  I  probably  do  some  wrong 
to  tl»c  Count,  de  Hantim,  who,  under 
the  mime  of  Brother  Palemon,  was 
undoubtedly  tbe  chief  pride  of  La 
Trm»|>e»  lie  had  been  an  officer  in  the 
army,  without  love  for  God^  regard  for 
man^  respect  for  woman^  or  reverence 
for  hiAV.  By  a  rupture  between  Savoy 
and  France^  he  lost  the  annuity  by 
which  he  lived  ;  and,  lis  his  constitution 
was  hopelessly  ^shattered  at  the  same 
time,  he  took  to  reading,  was  partially 
converted  by  perusing  the  history  of 
Joseph,  and  was  finally  perfected  in  the 
half-worked  conversion  by  seeing  the 
dend  body  of  a  very  old  and  very  ngly 
monk  assume  the  guise  and  beauty  of 
that  of  a  young  man.  These  were  good 
grounds  ^  but  the  Count  had  been  so 
thorough  a  miscreant  in  tlje  world,  that 
they  woo  lived  in  the  latter  declined 
to  believe  in  the  godliness  of  Brother 
•  Palcinou :  thereupon  he  was  exhibited 
to  all  comers,  and  he  answered  every 
question  put  to  him  by  pious  visitors. 
All  France,  grave  and  gay,  gentle  and 
simple,  flocked  to  the  spectacle.  At 
the  head  of  tliem  were  our  James  the 
Second  and  his  illegitimate  son.  The 
replies  of  Palcmon  to  bis  imestioners 
edified  cou  ntless  crow  ds — and  h  e  iihared 
admiration  witli  a  guileless  brothei* 
who  told  the  laughing  ladies  who 
flocked  to  behold  nim,  that  he  had 
sought  refuge  in  the  monastery  because 
his  tiire  had  wished  liini  to  marry  a 
certain  lady,  but  that  his  soul  revolted 
at  the  thought  of  touching  even  the 
finger-tips  of  one  of  a  sex  by  the  liret 
of  whom  the  world  wits  lost!  The 
monk  was  a^  ungdlant  to  Eve  and  her 
daughters  as  Adam  was  unjust  to  her 
who  dwelt  with  him  in  Paradbe.* 


478 


Traits  of  the  I'rappists-^The  Cousins  of  Montrose.    [May, 


I  cannot  close  these  brief  sketches 
without  remarking  that  among  the  pro- 
fessed brethren  of  La  Trappe  was  a 
certain  "  Robert  Graham,"  whose  father, 
Colonel  Graham,  was  cousin  to  Mont- 
rose. Robert  was  born  in  the  "  Chateau 
(le  Bostourne^  a  short  league  (it  is 
added,  by  way  of  help,  I  supiwse,  to 
perplexed  travellers)  from  Edinburgh. 
By  his  mother's  side,  he  was  related  to 
the  Earl  of  Perth,  of  whom  the  Trap- 
pist  biographer  says,  that  "he  was 
even  more  illustrious  for  his  piety,  and 
through  what  he  suffered  for  the  sake 
of  rengion,  than  by  his  dignities  of 
'Viceroy,*  High  Chancellor  of  Scot- 
land, and  Governor  of  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  now  (1716)  rightful  King  of 
Great  Britain."  The  mother  of  Robert, 
a  zealous  Protestant,  is  spoken  of  as 
havin*'  "as  much  piety  as  one  can 
have  m  a  false  religion. '  In  spite  of 
her  teaching,  however,  the  young  Ro- 
bert early  exhibited  an  inclmation  for 
the  Romish  religion ;  and  at  ten  years 
of  age  the  precocious  boy  attended  the 
celebration  of  mass  in  the  chapel  at 
Holyroo<l,  to  the  great  displeasure  of 
liis  mother.  On  his  reiwating  his  visits, 
she  had  him  soundly  whipi)ed  by  his' 
tutor;  but  the  young  gentleman  de- 
clared that  the  process  was  unsuccess- 
ful in  persuading  him  to  embrace  Pres- 
byterianism.  He  accordhigly  rushed 
to  the  house  of  Lord  Perth,  "  himself 
a  recent  convert  from  the  Anglican 
Church,"  and  claimed  his  protection. 
After  some  family  arrangements  had 
been  concluded,  the  youtiiful  proteg6 
was  formally  surrendered  to  the  keep- 
ing of  Lord  Perth, — by  his  mother,  with 
reluctance;  by  his  father,  with  the 
facility  of  those  Gallios  who  care  little 
about  (questions  of  religion.  After 
Lord  Perth  was  comjKilTed  to  leave 
Scotland,  Robert  sojourned  with  his 
mother,  in  the  house  of  her  brother,  a 
godly  iVotestant  minister.  Here  ho 
shewed  the  value  he  put  upon  the  in- 
structions he  had  received  at  the  hands 
of  Lord  Perth  and  his  Romish  chaplain, 
by  a  conduct  which  disgusted  every 
honest  mau  and  terrified  every  honest 
maiden  in  all  the  country  round.  His 
worthy  biographer  is  candid  enough  to 
say  that  Robert,   in  falling  off  from 


popery,  did  not  become  a  Protestant, 
but  an  atheist  The  uncle  turned  him 
out  of  his  house.  The  prodigal  re- 
paired to  London  and  rioted  prodigally ; 
and  thence  he  betook  himself  to  fVanoe, 
and  even  startled  Paris  with  the  bad 
renown  of  his  misdomgs.  On  his  way 
thither  through  Flanders  he  had  had  a 
moment  or  two  of  mis^ving  as  to  the 
wisdom  of  his  career,  and  he  hesitated, 
"while  he  could  count  twenty,"  be- 
tween the  council  of  some  good  priests 
and  the  bad  example  of  some  Jacobite 
soldiers.  The  latter  preruled,  and 
when  Robert  appeared  at  the  Court  of 
St.  Gcrmains  Lord  Perth  presented  to 
the  fugitive  King  and  Queen  there  as 
accomplished  a  scoundrel  as  any  in 
Christendom  I 

There  was  a  shew  of  decency  at  the 
exiled  court,  and  respect  for  religion. 
Young  Graham  adapted  himself  to  the 
consequent  iniluences.  He  studied 
French,  read  the  Lives  of  the  Saints, 
entered  the  seminary  at  Meauz,  and 
finally  re-professed  the  Romish  reli- 
gion. He  was  now  seized  with  a  de- 
sire to  turn  hermit,  but,  accident  having 
taken  hi  in  to  La  Trappe,  the  blase 
libertine  felt  reproved  by  the  stem 
virtue  exhibited  there,  and  in  a  mo- 
ment of  enthusiasm  he  enrolled  him- 
self a  ix)stulant,  bade  farewell  to  the 
world,  and  devoted  himself  to  silence, 
obedience,  humility,  and  austerity, 
with  a  perfectncss  that  surprised  alike 
those  who  saw  and  those  wno  heard  it. 
Lord  Perth  opposed  the  reception  of 
Robert  in  the  monastery.  Thereon 
arose  serious  difliculty,  and  therewith 
the  i>ostulant  rela|)scd  into  sin.  He 
blasphemed,  reviled  his  kinsman,  swore 
oaths  that  set  the  whole  brotherhood 
in  speechless  terror,  and  finally  wrote 
a  letter  to  his  old  guardian  so  crammed 
with  fierce  and  unclean  epithets,  that 
the  Abbot  refused  permission  to  hare 
it  forwarded.  The  excitement  which 
followed  brought  on  illness ;  with  the 
latter  came  reflection  and  sorrow  ;  at 
length  all  difliculties  vanished,  and 
ultimately,  on  the  Eve  of  All  Saints 
IGDl),  Robert  Graliam  became  a  monk, 
and  changed  his  name  for  that  of  Bro- 
ther Alexis.  Kinj^r  James  visited  him, 
and  was  much  cdificd  by  the  spiritual 


fault  from  the  woman  on  God  himself.     Not  the  woman  alone  is  brought  in,  but  muHsr 
quam  Tu  dedisti.  God  indeed  gave  Adam  the  woman,  but  He  gate  him  not  the  \ 
to  give  him  the  apple.    Dedit  tociam  non  tentatricem.'* 


1853.}       Riffn&r'^  Fttdura  and  ku  Manuscript  Colheiiof^*  479 


inatruction  vonchsufed  him  by  the  se- 
cond cousin  of  the  gallant  Montrose* 
The  new  monk  was  so  perfect  in  obe- 
dience tliAt  he  would  not  in  winter 
throw  a  crumb  to  n  half-starved  spar- 
row, without  first  applying  for  leave 
from  his  inimetliaie  siij>erior-  "  In- 
deed," saj3  his  biographer,  "  I  eouhl 
tell  jQU  a  thousand  veritable  s  tor  lea 
about  him ;  but  tJiey  are  so  extraor- 
dinary that  I  do  not  Buppose  the  world 
would  believe  one  of  them."  The  bio- 
grapher adds,  that  Alexis,  aflcr  difr^^'ng 
and  cutting  wood  all  day,  eatinpr  little, 
drinking  less,  pmying  iuceasantly,  and 
neither  washing  nor  unclothing  him- 
tielf,  lay  down — but  to  pass  the  night 
without  closing  las  eyes  in  sleep  I  He 
wa.s  truly  a  brother  V'igilantias! 

The  renown  of  this  conversion  had 
many  inJlueuces.  The  father  of  Alexia, 
Colonel  Graham,  embraced  Romanism, 
and  with  an  elder  brother  of  the  former, 
who  was  ab'eady  a  Capuchin  friar,  be- 
took themselves  to  La  Trap[)e,  where 
the  reception  of  the  former  into  the 
Church  was  marketl  by  a  double  so- 
lemnity— Dc  llancc  dym^  as  the  cere- 
mony was  proceeding.  The  wife  of 
Colonel  Graham  h  said  to  have  left 
Scotland  on  receipt  of  the  above  intel- 
ligence, to  have  repaired  to  France* 
and  there  etiibraced  the  form  of  faith 
tbllowed  by  her  somewhat  facile  hus- 
band. There  is,  however,  great  doubt 
ou  this  point. 

The  late  of  young  Robert  Graliam 
was  similar  to  that  of  most  of  the  Trap- 
pists.  The  deadly  air,  the  harti  work, 
the  watchinj^s,  the  scanty  food,  and 
the  uucleurdiness  which  prevailed^  soon 
slew  a  man  who  wa:8  m  useless  to  hts 
fellow  man  in  the  convent  as  ever  he 
had  been  when  resident  in  the  world. 
His  coutinemeut  in  fact  was  a  swifl 
suicide.  Consumption  seize*!  on  this 
poor  boy,  for  he  wa^  still  but  a  boy, 
and  his  rigid  ailhcrance  to  the  severe 


discipline  of  the  place  omlj  aided  to 
develop  what  a  little  care  might  easily 
have  cliecked.  His  serge  gown  clove 
to  the  carious  bones  which  picrcetl 
through  his  diseased  skin.  The  por- 
tions of  the  body  on  which  he  im- 
movably lay  became  gangrened »  and 
nothing  appears  to  have  been  done  by 
way  ot  remedy.  He  enduretl  all  with 
patience,  and  looked  forward  to  death 
with  a  not  unaccountable  longing.  The 
"infinnier"  bade  him  be  less  eager  in 
pressing  forward  to  the  grave.  *^  I  will 
now  pray  Go^l,"  said  the  nursing  bro- 
ther, "  that  He  will  be  pleased  to  save 
yoti."  '*  And  I,"  sai^l  Alexis,  "will 
nsk  Him  not  to  heed  you."  Further 
tletail  is  hardly  necessary ;  suffice  it  to 
say,  that  Robert  tiraham  died  on  the 
21  st  May,  1701,  little  more  than  six 
mouths  after  he  had  entered  the  mo- 
nastery, and  at  the  early  age  of  twenty- 
two  years.  The  father  and  brother 
also  died  in  France — and  so  ended  the 
Cousins  of  Montrose, 

The  great  virtue  inculcated  at  La 
Trappe  was  obedience.  The  only  means 
whereby  to  escape  Satan  was  bodily 
suffering.  Salvation  was  most  surely 
jiromised  to  him  who  sutfercd  most. 
Of  the  one  ^eat  hope  common  to  all 
Christians  the  Trappist^  of  course  were 
not  destitute  ;  but  that  hojic  seemed 
not  to  relieve  them  of  their  terrible 
dread  of  the  Prince  of  Evil,  and  his 
power.  There  is  a  good  moral  in 
Cuvier  s  dream,  which  might  have  pro- 
fited those  poor  men  had  thejr  but 
known  it.  Cuvier  once  saw,  in  his 
sleep,  the  popular  representation  of 
Satan  advancmg  towartls  him,  ami 
threatening  to  eat  him,  ^*  Eat  me !  " 
exclaimed  the  philosopher,  as  he  ex- 
amined the  fiend  with  the  eye  of  a 
naturalist,  and  then  added—**  Horns ! 
hoofs  ! — graviinwortms  I  f — need  u*t  be 
atraid  of  him  I  ** 

JOHTV  DoiLAJf. 


RYMER'S  FCEDERA  AND  HIS  MANUSCRIPT  COLLECTIONS. 


THE  following  Treasury  Warrant, 
the  original  of  which  ifi  in  thecoUectioQ 
of  llobert  Cole,  esrp  F.S.A.  possesses 
unusual  literary  interest  for  a  document 
of  this  nature. 

1 .  It  flhows  a  considerable  amount  of 
royal  patronage  extended  to  Mr.  Awn- 


sham  Churchilli  the  publisher  of  that 
iuiportant  national  work,  the  Faedera, 
&c.  of  the  historiographer  Rymer.  For 
five  sets  of  sixteen  volumes  each,  bound 
in  an  extraordinary  manner,  Churchill 
was  allowed  337^, ;  being  at  the  rate  of 
67/.  B«,  A  sety  or  4t  4tf,  &.  a  volume. 


480  Ryuler^s  Fcedera  and  his  Manuscript  Collection*.  [May, 


"2.  It  shows  that  a  set  of  the  book 
"WHS  presented  by  the  Kine  to  the  ce- 
lebrated Leibnitz;  by  wnose  Codex 
Juris  Gentium  Diploniaticus,  pub- 
lished chiefly  from  the  archives  of  Wol- 
fenbuttcl,  the  plan  of  the  Foedera  had 
been  originally  suggested. 

3.  It  sliows  the  sum  which  was  given 
to  the  widow  of  Rymer  for  the  fifty- 
four  volumes  of  Manuscript  extracts 
from  the  Public  Records  which  were 
left  by  her  husband  at  his  decease. 
Uy mer  died  on  the  14th  Dec.  1713. 
Some  years  before  his  death  he  had 
been  obliged,  from  his  necessities,  to 
part  with  "allliis  choice  printed  books," 
and  in  an  undated  letter  of  Peter  le 
Neve  to  the  Earl  of  Oxford  (Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdot^js,  vol.  i.  p.  386)  it 
appears  that  he  was  anxious  to  sell  his 
MS.  Collections :  "  there  are,"  says  Le 
Neve,  who  wished  that  they  should  be 
bought  for  the  Queen's  Library,  "  filly 
volumes  in  folio,  of  public  alFaii^s,  which 
he  has  collected  but  not  printed.  The 
price  he  asks  is  500Z."  llis  widow,  as 
we  now  find,  was  assigned  the  sum  of 
only  200  guineas  (reckoning  the  guinea 
at  21.9.  63.)     The  volumes  thus  pur- 

AwNSHAM  Churchill.   | 

Order  is  taken  this  xviij*^  day  of  August,  1715,  By  Virtue  of  his  Ma^  Gen**  Lret 
of  privy  Scale,  bearing  date  the  tl9^^  Sepf  1714,  And  in  pursuance  of  a  Warrant  under 
his  Ma*"  Hoyall  Signc  Manual,  dated  the  U)^^  July,  1713,  That  yon  Deliver  and  pay 
of  such  his  Ma*'  Treasure  as  remaines  in  your  charge  unto  Awnsham  Chnrcbill,  Book- 
seller, or  to  his  Assignes,  the  Sum  of  Six  Hundred  fforty  nine  pounds  Seven  shillingi, 
without  Account,  viz* : — 

For  5  Setts  of  the  16  Volumes  of  the  Book  called  Rymer's  Focdera,      £      #.  d. 
extra'7  bound,  which  were  furnished  by  Him  for  his  Ma*'  Service      .     337     0     O 
For  the  14*i>,  15*^  and  IG***  Volumes  of  the  same  Book,  for  Mr.  Libniti      10  W     O 
For  54  Volumes  of  Manuscripts,  extracted  from  Records,  bound  and 
letter'd,  which  were  bought  by  Him,  pursuant  to  his  Ma**  Direction, 
of  the  Executrix  of  the  said  Rymer,  to  be  placed  in  the  Cottonian 
Library  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     215     0     0 

For  making  Indexes  to  print  in  the  17***  Volume  of  the  said  Fcedera, 
nut  only  the  Indexes  of  the  whole  17  Volumes  thereof,  but  also  the 
Indexes  of  the  said  Manuscript  Copies  .  .  .  .       35     O     U 

For  Binding  of  15  of  Flamstcd's  Hhtoria  Cwlestis  in  Red  Turkey 
Leather  ........ 

For  Binding  15  more  in  Calve  skin,  gilt  and  ffilleted     . 
And  for  the  Charges  and  Expences  on  receiving  the  particular  lums 
aforesaid,  w^^  amount  to  623/.  9f.  6d.,  the  sum  of    . 


chased  now  form  the  Noa.  4673 — 46SO 
inclusive  among  the  Additional  Manu- 
scripts in  the  British  Miueum ;  being 
actually  fifty-eight  volumes,  the  con- 
tents of  which  are  described  in  A^- 
cough*s  Catalogue,  where  the  followmg 
Memorandum  is  prefixed : 

''  This  collection  is  not  printed  in  bis 
Foedera  ;  bat  there  is  a  particular  and 
exact  Catalogue  of  them  in  the  7th  vol. 
[read  the  17tb]  of  the  Foedera,  as  also  an 
exact  Index  at  the  end  of  each  vol.  Tfaej 
were  ordered  by  the  Right  Honorable  the 
House  of  Lords  to  be  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum,  as  an  addition  to  the 
Cottonian  Collection  of  MSS.  and  to  be 
preserved  with  them.'' 

4.  Still  less  adequate  is  the  sum 
allowed  for  the  indexes — indexes  to  the 
seventeen  printed  and  to  the  fifW-four 
manuscript  volumes— onlj  351.  for  the 
whole. 

5.  The  Warrant  further  shows  some- 
what of  the  royal  patronage  extended 
to  a  work  of  Flamsteed  the  Astronomer 
Royal.  This  was  the  first  volume  of  his 
Ilistoria  Coelestis,  Two  other  volumes 
were  afterwards  added. 


17   12 

8     7 

25  17 

0 
6 

£649     7 

0 

And  These,  together  with  his  or  his  Assignes  Acquittance,  shall  be  your  Dischar^ge 
herein. 

Indorsed f  :J6»»»  August,  1715. 


Witness,  Tho.  Lowthbr, 
3 


Rec''  then  the  full  contents  of  this  order, 

p.  me  AwNSHAU  Churchill. 


481 


*«HEYDON  WITH  ONE  HAND:" 

AN    EKfiLlBB    DVKL    IN   THE    YRAft    1600. 


I 


THE  visitors  to  tlie  public  museum 
ftt  Canterbury,  after  walking  roun<l  the 
room  for  some  tirne,  and  adiulrifig  the 
various  objects  of  natural  liistory  and 
geology,  tlic  prodoets  of  distant  flimes, 
the  costumes  and  implements  of  .savage 
tribes,  and  the  uniltifarioui?  curiosities 
whieli  form  tbo  ordinary  stores  of  such 
collections,  arc  at  longtli  surprised,  and 
jierbaps  unpleasantly  shocked,  by  the 
siurht  of  abunmn  hand,  in  an  attenuated 
and  withered  state,  but  neit!ier  ex- 
tracted from  the  wraj^pln^s  of  an 
Egyptian  mummy,  nor  tattoed  by  the 
islanders  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  nor  pre- 
pared by  the  care  of  the  anatomist. 
An  accompanying  inscription  states 
that  it  was  once  the  hand  of  an  Engli.'.h- 
manp  a  kni^bt  of  the  reign  of  Queen 
Elizabeth^  tliat  it  was  cut  off  in  a  duel, 
and  that  "  Sir  John  died  of  the  wound:* 
he  received  in  the  said  duel"  The  latter 
assertion  is  not  correct.  The  mutilated 
man  did  not  die  from  the  loss  of  his 
handt  or  from  his  other  wounds ,  but 
there  is  no  iiuestion  that  this  hand,  now 
shown  to  the  hoUday  visitors  of  the 
Canterbury  Museum,  once  belonged  to 
Sir  John  Ileydon,  and  that  it  was  ac- 
tuullv  lost  bj  him  in  a  duel  which  was 
fought  more  than  two  centuries  and  a 
ball  ago. 

It  is  the  sufferer's  left  hand,  severed 
from  his  arm  by  a  blow  struck  about  an 
inch  below  the  root  of  the  little  linger, 
and  cutting  transversely  down  upon  the 
wrist,  from  the  socket  of  which  itmu^jt 
have  fallen  out. 

Various  documents  *  relative  to  the 
duel  are  still  preserved  with  the  hand  : 
but  it  is  remarkable  that  they  do  not 
contain  any  statement  on  the  part  of 
Sir  John  Hey  don,  being  copies  of 
pApers  which  emanated  from  the  friends 
of  nia  opponent,  Sir  Ilobcrt  Manafidd, 
or  Mjinsel : — 

1,  The  first  is  Sir  Roburt*«  own 
**Report,*'  or  naiTativeof  the  enct)uiitcr. 


2.  The  next  a  letter  wbithi  tbougii 
unsigned,  was  evidently  written  by  Sir 
Bassmgbourne  Gaudy  and  William 
Ilungate  iis<|uiie,  two  magistrates^  the 
friends  of  Sir  Robert  ALinsel,  in  whose 
presence  the  depositions  wore  received 
of  two  labouring  nicoj  who  came  into 
the  ticld  shortly  ai'ter  the  close  of  t!ie 
duel.  It  is  addressed  to  the  Lord 
Thomas  Howard,  afterwanls  Earl  of 
Sulfolk,  and  Lord  Chamberlain,  but 
whose  sphere  of  action  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth  was  principally  at  sea. 

3.  Another  letter  to  the  like  purport, 
addressetl  liy  the  same  parties  to  the 
Earl  of  Nottingham  the  Lortl  High 
Admiralj  in  whose  opinion  Sir  Robert 
IVLmselt  as  an  officer  of  the  navy^  was 
doubtless  anxious  to  stand  fair- 
As  both  these  letters  are  undated, 

it  is  uncertain  whether  they  were  writ- 
ten at  one  time  or  not :  but,  from  the 
tone  of  the  secondj  it  was  perhaps  of 
somewhat  subsequent  date  to  the  other, 
and  written  when  the  discretion  of  the 
magistrates  was  caJJed  in  question. 

4.  The  depoaitions  of  the  two  hus- 
bandmen. 

6.  A  letter  addressed  by  Sir  Bas* 
singboume  Gaudy  to  the  Chief  Justice 
Sir  John  Popham,  justifying  himself 
and  "  his  cousin  H ungate'*  for  having 
received  the  statements  in  favour  of 
their  friend  and  kinsman,  Sir  Robert 
]SranseL  In  explantttion  of  his  comluct, 
Sir  Bassingbourne  states  that  he  was 
invited  to  Sir  Robert  Manscl's  bouse 
In  Norwich^** not  knowing  wlierefore  '^* 
that  he  there  found  his  cousin  Hun- 
gate,  and  was  requested  to  hear  tlie 
two  men's  report ;  to  which  request  he 
was  induced  to  assent,  knowing  that 
Sir  Arthur  Heveningbam  and  others 
had  taken  a  similar  part  in  favour  of 
Sir  John  Hey  don. 

6.  The  Chief  Justice^  in  reply*  tells 
Sir  Bassingbourne  that  he  wished  such 
declarations  had  been  forborne  of  cither 


♦  For  the  transcript*  of  these  we  have  to  Bcknowlc<lge  our  obligation  to  John  Breot, 
esq.  F.S.A.  of  Canterbury.  A  memorandum  indorsed  on  the  MS.  records  that  the 
Hand  was  jirejcnted  to  the  trustees  of  the  Muficum  by  the  late  Dr.  Jnrvia,  uf  Mfinrnte, 
To  that  §^entleman  it  was  given  in  the  year  1822  by  Charle«  Visconvit  Mayaard,  nho 
received  it  from  Mrs.  Lomax*  whose  husbmid  was  descended  from  Mirahclbt,  dniii^hLL^r 
of  the  lust  Sir  John  Hcydon  (nephew  to  the  duellist)  and  the  wife  of  Lawnncc 
Ix^maT,  esi|. 

Garr.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX.  J  t^ 


482 


^^  Hey  don  with  One  Hand:'' 


[May, 


party  ;  for  they  were  calculated  rather 
to  increase  than  to  mitigate  the  quarrel; 
that  the  matter  ought  rather  to  have 
been  inquired  into,  if  necessary,  "  by 
indifferent  parties  and  at  indifferent 
places ;"  and  that  it  was  the  duty  of 
those  who  had  the  charge  of  the  peace 
of  the  country  to  "  persuade  the  cast- 
ing-off  and  discontinuing  (or  perhaps 
the  word  was  "  discountenancing'*)  of 
such  base  companions  and  batesowers*** 
as  sought  to  wm  fame  or  credit  to  them- 
selves in  setting  others  at  division,  **  by 
flattering  one  party  and  belying  the 
other." 

The  duel  appears  to  have  taken  place 
in  the  month  of  November,  1599.  It 
was  fought  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Norwich,  where  the  parties  first  met 
without  Bestreet  Gate,  Sir  Kobert 
Mansel  being  attended  by  Sir  Edwin 
Rich,  and  Sir  John  Ileydon  by  Mr. 
Knyvett,  who  was  the  nephew  of  his 
opponent.  They  rode  togetlier  towards 
Rackheath ;  and  at  length  the  place  of 
combat  was  fixed  upon  by  Sir  John 
Heydon,  upon  which  they  appear  to 
have  proceeded  to  the  combat  alone, 
as  we  near  nothing  more  of  Sir  £dwin 
Rich  or  Mr.  Knyvett.  All  the  parti- 
culars of  the  fight  are  minutely  de- 
scribed by  Sir  l^obert  Maiiscl ;  and  a 
prolonged  and  savage  struggle,  by  his 
own  (the  victor's)  account,  it  appears 
to  have  been.  Sir  Ro])ert  says  that 
he  was  himself  wounded  twice  in  the 
breast  by  Sir  John's  rapier,  and  after- 
wards stabbed  by  his  dagger  twice  in 
his  right  arm.  Ho  soon  wounded  Sir 
John  in  two  places,  one  of  which  was 
his  thigh ;  next  struck  him  a  blow  in 
the  face,  afterwards  on  his  head,  and  a 
second  time  in  the  face :  but  it  is  re- 
markable that,  though  all  these  wounds 
are  described,  nothing  is  said  of  the 
more  serious  mutilation  of  his  hand.f 
However,  Sir  John  was  so  faint  from 
his  wounds,  that  he  had  scarcely  jK)wer 
to    sign  a  paper  which   Sir  liol>ert 


Mansel  had  brought  with  him  in  his 
breast,  and  which  (according  to  his 
own  statement)  he  forced  Sir  John  to 
sign  by  threatening  to  take  his  life  upon 
his  refusal. 

The  depositions  of  the  kuabandmeo 
are  not  particularly  aflfirmative  of  Sir 
Robert  Mansel's  report.  They  seem 
chiefly  to  consist  of  replies  to  questicms 
which  were  put  to  them  in  rcjgard  to 
portions  of  Sir  John  Heydon^  state- 
ment, which  has  not  come  down  to  ns. 
They  even  contradict  Sir  Robert  Man- 
sel's declaration  of  Sir  John  Heydon 
having  signed  the  '*  articles**  aubnutted 
to  him;  as  both  the  men  relate  that 
when  Sir  Robert  desired  him  to  set  his 
hand  to  the  paper,  he  replied  that  be 
neither  could  nor  would:  whilst  Sir 
Robert's  story  is  that  Sir  John  had 
signed  it  as  well  as  his  strength  woidd 
permit  before  the  men  came  up,  and 
that  on  their  arrival  he  again  drew  it 
forth  from  his  pocket,  in  order  to  ob- 
tain Sir  John's  recognition  of  it  in  thdr 
presence,  in  which  endeaTOur  he  ac* 
Knowledges  he  was  scarcely  auccessful. 
It  is  therefore  very  possible  that  the 
men  mav  have  misrcported  the  actual 
words  that  passed,  whilst  they  were 
right  in  their  description  of  Sir  Jolm's 
apparent  refusal.  Thomas  Yarham's 
account  that  he  did  not  sec  Sir  Robert 
put  any  pen  in  Sir  Jolm  Heydon's 
hand,  but  yet  that  he  afterwards  fbund 
a  pen  lying  on  the  eround  near  Kr 
John,  seems  to  be  con&mator  j  of  what 
Sir  Robert  had  stated.  One  of  the 
latter  clauses  of  Sir  Robert  Man8el*s 
Report  and  also  one  of  Thomas  7ar- 
hain's  Deposition  appear  to  haTe  been 
directed  t^ainst  a  statement  put  forth 
by  Sir  John  or  his  partisans,  that  Sir 
Kobert  had  been  protected  by  some 
secret  armour. 

We  will  now  present  to^  our  readers 
the  several  documents  which  we  hare 
described,  deferring  for  subsequent 
insertion  some  biographical  notices  of 


*  Bate-sower f  one  who  sowed  debate  or  strife.  See  Bate  in  Nares*i  Glossary ; 
Nares  has  Breed-bate  and  Make-bate,  but  uot  Bate-sower,  He  bat  also  Mrnkt-frmif 
and  Make-peace,  tlie  last  of  which  is  still  in  use. 

t  These  quarrels  of  honour  were  sometimes,  at  the  period  in  questioD,  carried  on 
with  snch  animosity,  that  the  parties  met  in  hostile  encounter  more  than  once.  It  Is 
therefore  not  impossible  that  Sir  John  Heydon  lost  his  band  at  a  meeting  subsequent 
to  that  to  which  the  papers  refer.  The  writers  of  the  letter  to  the  Lord  High  Admiral 
speak  of  Sir  R.  MansePs  and  Sir  J.  Heydon's  "  latt  fight,'*  as  if  it  had  not  been  their 
first ;  and  so  it  may  have  been  followed  by  another,  as  the  Chief  Justice,  and  indeed 
the  other  writers,  seem  in  their  letters  to  anticipate. 


1858.] 


an  Bngliih  Duel  in  IGOO, 


4Sd 


the  parties  concerned  in  lliis  sanguinary 
encounter : — 

1.  Sir  Roller t  Mam/ieid'a  Report. 

Sir  Edwyn  Ryche  carried  me  witbuut 
Bestrect  Gaie ;  inj  dere  nephew  Knyvett 
brought  Sir  John  Heydoti  thether;  where- 
uppon  we  rydd  awaie  towtirda  Mr*  Doy- 
ley'fi,  and  in  a  close  uppon  this  sydc  the 
water,  I  intreatetl  Sir  Edwya  Ryche  to 
goe  tomyuephew  Knyvett,  to  the  end  wc 
might  be  ditmisaad;  whereuppoii  he  part^d^ 
aud  they  both  lighted  and  searched  us,  and 
measured  our  rapiers,  and  found  Sir  John 
Ueydon'g  longer  than  myn  by  a  full 
yncbe  ;  then  1  desired  Sir  Edwyn  Ryche 
to  see  whether  hia  rapier  would  fytt  the 
other,  and  it  would  j  but  he  would  not  let 
me  ha?e  it.  Then  I  soide,  I  would  fyght 
with  my  ownej  my  nephew  Knyvett  rtj- 
fuMd  it  absoluteUe,  nnd  thereupont  after 
mante  perewofiionSi  that  I  woidd  suffer  Sir 
John's  rapier  to  goe  hack  to  be  shortened, 
I  abfiolutelic  refused,  and  swore  that  they 
both  should  not  kepe  me  from  ending  the 
difforence  at  that  tyme  with  my  owoe 
Bworde ;  whereupon  we  mounted  on  horse- 
back, and  I  led  the  wnie,  for  so  Sir  John 
would  have  it.  By  and  by  my  nephew 
Knyvett  called,  nnd  tould  me  we  were  to 
ryde  to  Rackey  wards,  as  I  understood  it, 
but|  bebag  ignorant  of  the  waic,  I  was  to 
be  directed  by  Sir  John,  who  Icdd  me 
another  w^aie,  and  refused  to  fyght  in  a 
narrow  place  that  we  did  ride  thorough, 
which  had  a  depe  dyke  on  the  one  ayde, 
and  ploughed  bad^  oo  the  other  syde.  And 
then  he  made  me  take  a  wale  to  the  topp 
of  a  bill  between  two  great  high  waiea, 
where  he  would  neda  hare  me  leight,  for 
lie  would  ryde  no  further,  although  be 
aawe  companye  ryderng  on  both  aydg. 
When  I  sawe  no  rcmedie,  I  fitted  my  self 
thereunto,  and  cam  upp  to  htm,  and  in  Ibe 
verie  fir^t  thrust  he  hurte  me  iu  the  breste, 
which  I  followed,  and  hurte  him  in  tvfoe 
places,  whereof  one  was  in  the  theigh, 
whereupon  he  turned  his  baek  towards 
me,  and  following  of  him  be  stumbled, 
and  after  I  did  judge  he  would  folle  I 
itrooke  him  a  blowe  on  the  face,  where- 
witb  he  feli  uppon  bis  bands  and  kneea, 
and  be  oryed,  '*Tbat  I  would  not  kyll 
him  bftselie  on  the  groande,  for  he  would 
make  me  any  aatisfaotion  1  would  de- 
maod,^^  which,  I  confesse,  held  me  from 
doinge  him  any  further  hurte  untiil  he  did 
rise  ;  and  when  he  wai  upp,  without 
speaking  any  one  worde,  he  ran  me  into 
the  bre«t  againe,  and  my  thruste  myst 
him,  as  ]  thought,  by  his  coming  homo  to 
me.  Then  we  fell  to  atabbea  with  our 
diggers,  and  at  bis  goinge  out  1  strooke 
him  upon  the  heade  witb  my  sworde,  and 
an  other  blowe  ut  his  iaoe,  which  made 


him  loose  his  dagger,  which  instantlie  he 
recovered  ;  afterwards  I  charged  to  halfe 
a  worde  J  and  then  he  cryed  to  me  to  hould 
my  haods,  for  he  would  make  me  any 
aatiafaction;  wherewith  I  stepped  back,  and 
Boddeolie,  before  there  passed  any  words, 
he  thrust  aud  httt  withall,  came  to  atabbea 
with  his  dagger,  and  hurte  ma  in  the  right 
arme  two  stabtu,  wbert^upon  I  never  left 
him  uniitl  he  cryed  the  third  tyme  to  me 
to  hould  my  bands,  saieing  againe  he 
would  make  me  any  satisfaction,  where* 
imto  I  answered  I  would  never  trust  a 
treacherous  villaue  the  third  tyme ;  nnlesa 
he  would  laie  downs  hii>  rapier  and  dagger, 
which  att  the  first,  in  valiant  termes,  he 
denied,  nntill  he  sawe  me  presse  him  so 
botlie,  he  said  yf  I  would  not  kyll  him  he 
would  laie  downe  bis  rapier  and  dagger  and 
make  me  whatsoever  satiafactioo  I  would, 
which  I  promised  by  oaths  to  performs, 
though  he  in  the  interim  thrust  his  rapier 
tn  the  grounde  to  break e  it*  But,  perceif  • 
ing  it  would  not  breake,  he  laid  his  rapier 
and  dagger  croste^waieii  olosae  by  his  fete, 
and  stepped  back  as  I  willed  him.  Then 
I  tooke  upp  bis  rapier  and  dagger,  and 
carried  them  to  the  place  where  I  left  my 
purse  and  inkhome,  and  drewe  out  my 
articlcii  from  my  brest,  where  I  carried 
them,  and  brought  them,  with  ink  and 
pen  a,  to  him  to  eigne,  who,  soiug  me  come 
towarda  him,  fell  downe  and  tould  me  I 
had  killed  him,  aud  he  was  not  able  to 
wryte;  then  1  did  protest  to  kill  him, 
which  I  would  have  done,  yf  he  bad  not 
signed  the  articles,  and  thereupon  he  sette 
his  hand,  and  tould  me  he  could  wryte  no 
better,  and  so  I  putt  upp  tlie  articles  in  my 
pockett,  and  at  his  request  I  cast  my  cloak 
uppon  him,  and  goeing  towards  my  horse 
with  hia  rapier  and  dagger,  I  espied  twoe 
men  coming  verie  nere,  and  it  made  ine 
call  them  for  wytnet ;  ind  then  I  aakdd 
Sir  John  whether  he  had  signed  this  paper, 
which  1  drewe  forth  out  of  my  pockett, 
whoe  would  make  me  no  other  answer,  but 
that  be  hoped  there  was  nothing  but  the 
arttclea,  and  willed  me  to  remember  be 
hadd  not  then  redd  them.  Then,  finding 
my  self  very  ill,  and  bad  no  use  att  all  of 
my  ryght  arme,  yerie  little  of  the  other, 
and  oue  of  my  wounds  to  ratteil,  J  tooko 
both  ropier  and  dagger,  and  left  my  nilTe, 
my  apurres,  and  the  scabberd  of  my  dagger 
behind  me.  And  being  monnted,  I  caujied 
one  of  the  |ioore  men  to  cast  Sir  John'a 
cloake  abont  me,  and  so  I  cam  galloping  to 
my  iiouse,  where  1  found  Sir  John  Towns- 
bend  with  many  other  gentlemen  of  worth, 
who  can  wytnesa  of  th<»  unbuttoning  and 
oarippiog  of  my  dubblett,  and  striping  of 
my  self  to  be  laide  in  bedd,  in  what  manner 
aud  caae  1  leave  to  their  reports,  and  my 
self  to  joftiffe  the  truthe  thereof ^  furthec 


484 


'  Hey  don  with  One  Hand : 


[May, 


then  by  reputation  or  discreation,  1  shall 
bo  tycd  within  the  cares  of  the  least  sence 
cannot  with  any  seucc  be  contraried,*  nor 
with  any  honestie  by  Sir  John  Heydou 
himself  I  unto  whome  1  gave  his  life  twyce 
at  that  tyme,  once  to  my  own  indangering 
of  my  life  by  sufTering  him  to  risCi  and  the 
second  tyme  when  he  yeilding  me  his 
rapier  and  dagger,  whereof  the  world  may 
be  satisfied  by  my  carrieing  it  awaie  and 
keeping  it.  In  tcstimonie  hereof  1  sette 
my  hand, 

Robert  Mannsfeild. 
Indorsed — To  my  vcrye  lov- 

inge  frende,  Mr.  George 

IJirchn,  (?)  at  Norwich. 

2.  Letter  of  Sir  Dasaingboume  Gaudy  and 
Mr.  llungate  to  Lord  Thomas  Hotcard. 

Right  Honourable,  —  Being  requested 
by  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  to  signifye  unto 
}<mr  Lordship  the  report  which  two  pore 
men  made  in  our  presence,  of  certaine 
mutters  lately  happened  betwcne  him  and 
Sir  John  lleydon,  as  also  of  his  and  our 
procecdingcs  therein,  we  thought  it  fitt 
for  the  satisfaction  of  our  frende,  and  our 
own  discharges,  to  make  the  snnie  knowen 
trucly  unto  your  Lordship,  which  we  do 
not  aK  douhtinge  of  your  Lordship's  good 
opinion  of  his  honest  and  just  dealinge  in 
these  actions,  but  only  to  satisfye  his  de- 
syrc  who  would  rather  have  these  thinges 
reported  by  us  who  were  care* witnesses 
then  by  himself.  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  re- 
(piested  us  to  his  house  to  Norwich,  where 
he  desyred  we  might  hoare  what  the  two 
men  would  saye  touchinge  .such  matters  as 
he  would  askc  them  of ;  we  held  it  our 
parts  in  respect  of  our  loves  to  him  to 
iieare  them,  havinge  before  knowne  the 
like  or  more  done  by  Sir  John  Ileydon's 
frends.  The  reports  we  sende  hcreinclosed 
to  your  Lordship,  which  we  truely  and 
faithfully  sett  downe,  as  themselves  upon 
their  often  hearing  them  redd  confessed. 
'J'ii.it  tiiere  was  no  force  or  practyse  used  to 
drawe  them  to  Sir  Robert  Mansfield*s 
hou»>e,  we  are  well  a-^sured,  for  that  they 
eame  neyther  by  warrant  or  any  other  au- 
tiioritye.  Being  ther  they  were  well  en- 
treated, no  violence,  no  tlireats,  no  oaths, 
no  evill  countenance,  or  any  other  matter 
that  might  move  fcare  or  astonishment 
used  to  them,  but  they  were  ])roceeded 
withall  myldely,  courtcouslye  (and  to  other 
scaminge)  to  their owne contentment;  and 
therefore,  our  good  lord,  we  do  upon  our 
credits  maintaiue  and  avowe  that  what  is 
sett  downe  in  these  articles  we  scml  here- 
inclosed,  was  voluntarilye,  freely,  and 
without  any  coertion  delivered  by  them. 
And  this  we  do  not  as  fyrcbrands  of  sedi- 
tion, but  as  true  reporters  of  an  undoubted 


trewthe  ;  thos  hopinge  your  Lordship  will 
soe  esteemc  of  us,  we  humbly  take  oar 
leaves  and  so  rest, 

Your  Lordship's  eTer  «t  oommande. 
To  the  right  Hon.  o'  very  good 
Lo:  y*  Lo:  Thomas  Howarde. 

3.  Letter  of  Sir  BoMMingbowme  Gaudjf  rnnd 
Mr,  ifungate  to  thB  Burl  of  NoHmg- 

ham. 

Right  Honourable,— Whereas  ther  hith 
growen  of  late  great  question  touchinge 
the  reporte  of  two  pore  men  made  unto 
us,  of  certain  proceedings  had  betweene 
Sir  Robert  Mansfeelde  and  Sir  John  Hey- 
don,  conceminge  ther  last  fighte,  which, 
for  that  it  hath  not  only  tended  to  the 
disgrace  of  Sir  Robert  Mansfeeld's  cause, 
but  to  our  owne  disgraces,  we  htTe  pre- 
sumed in  the  defence  of  our  honest  frend 
and  our  selves  (hoping  it  might  with  as 
small  offence  be  done  by  us  for  our  frende 
as  the  like  by  Sir  Arthur  Hereningham 
and  others  for  theirs),  to  make  the  trewth 
knowe  unto  your  Lordship,  which  was  in 
this  manner :  Sir  Robert  Mansfeelde  haf- 
ing  herd  how  greatly  he  was  wronged  by 
these  men's  speeches,  and  yet  doubting  of 
what  he  had  herd,  thought  good  to  heare 
them  himself,  yet  not  without  witnesses, 
and  to  tliat  cod  made  choyce  of  us,  who  at 
his  entreaty  went  to  Norwich  to  meet  him, 
but  to  what  end  we  knewe  not  till  we 
came  thylher,  where  we  founde  the  two 
men,  who  to  us,  in  the  presence  of  sundrye 
others,  made  this  reporte,  the  treae  cop- 
pye  whereof  is  here  inclosed,  which  upon 
our  credits  was  done  voluntarilye  and 
without  any  enforcement  or  constraint, 
either  used' by  Sir  Robert  Mansfeeld  or 
us,  for  they  were  neither  sent  for  by  war- 
rant nor  kept  by  authoritye,  but  suffered 
to  speak  voluntarilye  what  they  would. 
Ther  speeches  were  sett  downe  by  a  pub- 
lique  notaryc  for  the  avoydinge  of  sus* 
pition,  redd  sundrye  times  unto  them  with 
request  to  correct  what  was  amiss,  who 
avowed  them  to  be  true.  We  further 
avowe  upon  our  credits  that  ther  was 
neyther  threats,  oaths,  or  any  other  matter 
used  to  them  which  might  any  way  amase 
or  astonishe  them,  but  that  all  things 
were  done  myldelye,  gently,  and  without 
authoritye,  which  themselves  sundrye  times 
confessed.  I1ius  much  wc  haTe  thought 
good  to  signifye  unto  your  honour,  as  well 
in  discharge  of  our  credits,  which  have  by 
these  untrwe  reports  bene  greatly  op* 
pressed,  as  to  avoyde  the  occasion  of  more 
quarrells,  which  must  needs  aryse  by  this 
seditious  practyse,  if  by  your  honour^s 
discretion  and  others  the  same  be  not  pre- 
vented. For,  though  we  are  alwaye  very 
willinge  to  do  Sir  Robert  Mansfeeld  that 


*  We  print  this  obscure  passage  as  written  in  the  transcript  we  have  reodfed. — Edit. 


18530 


fiH  lUn^rihh  Duvl  m  ItiUU. 


I 


right  which  lo  fiuch  a  man  ajiperiayiieth, 
yet  we  mncti  dUd&yne  to  be  iaj^truiuentB 
of  any  such  hwse  pructyBCs  Ha  he  tmd  we 
are  oioBt  unjustly  charged  withall,  who 
would  much  more  williaglye  quench  the 
fire  already  kiudled,  tJiea  be  procureri  of 
uuy  further  midchiofe;  which  bonourable 
censure  of  your  Lordship  we  most  humbly 
beseech,  nnd  with  like  humilitye  take  our 
leaves,  reatinge 

Your  Lordship's  ever  at  coramandc. 
To  the  right  hoo.  o'  very  singular  good 

Lot  tbe  Earle  of  Nottingham,  Lo: 

high  Adoiirall  of  EDgland. 

4.  Depotitions  n/ihttwo  Hutbandmen. 
The  Report  of  ilenjry  Hardyn  of  Norwich 

husbandmaD,   id    the   presence   of  Sir 

Basaingbonie  Gaudy,  kot.  and  William 

Huugate,  esq.  22d  of  Nov.  43rd  Eliz. 

\iti  saith  that  at  his  first  coming  in  be 
frjuiicl  Sir  John  Heydou  on  the  ground, 
and  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  coming  from 
bis  horse  towards  Sir  John  Heydon  with 
a  written  paper  in  his  hand  without  either 
pen  or  ink  in  the  hand^  of  Sir  Robert 
MaoiiliGld  or  Sir  John  Hey  don,  all  the 
while  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  wus  in  the  field. 

The  words  used  by  Sir  Robert  Mans^ 
lield  were  these,  that  he  beard  Sir  Robert 
Mansfield  speak  of  setting^o  bis  hand, 
and  be  r«X| nested  him  to  set  bis  band  to  it; 
and  Sir  John  Heydon  answered  **  that  he 
conld  not,  nor  would  not  ;'*  and  that  Sir 
Robert  MausAeld  made  no  reply. 

That  be  saw  no  remove  of  Sir  John 
Heydon  out  of  that  place  where  they  found 
bim,  till  he  was  lifted  up  into  the  cart* 
which  was  half  an  hour  after  Sir  Robert 
MaM8lteld  was  gone  out  of  the  field,  at  least 

That  he  saw  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  take 
up  no  w^eapons,  neither  did  be  see  any  lye 
on  tbe  ground  near  the  place  where  Sir 
John  Ileydou  by,  or  cUc  where,  saving  in 
Sir  Hobt'rt  Muus field's  bands. 

That  he  saw  Sir  Robert  Manslield's  raff- 
bond  lye  at  the  stile  hard  by  the  place 
where  his  horse  stood  after  Sir  Robert 
Mun^iield^s  departure  out  of  t  lie  tie  Id. 

That  he  brought  no  npurrs  of  Sir  Robert 
MansfieUrs  to  Sir  John  llcydon.  Neither 
did  he  bear  Sir  John  Heydon  aak  for  any 
spurrs. 

That  he  did  nothing  to  tbe  stopping  Sir 
John  Heydon's  blood,  but  went  presently 
after  bis  coming  for  Sir  John  Heydon  bis 
horsep  to  fetch  a  caj^* 

That  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  mounted  on 

his  horse  with  aJl  tbe  weapons  he  carry  ed 

out  of  tbe  field  without  any  help. 

The  Report  of  Thomas  Yarhsm  of  Coste- 

sey,  tn  Com.  Norfolk,   husbandman 

(ut  prills). 

He  saith,  that  he  found  Sir  John  Hey- 


don lying  all  along  upon  the  grouud^  very 
sore  hurt,  with  a  cloak  upon  Itia  shoulder, 
and  that  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  was  coming 
towards  htm  from  his  horse  with  bis  rapier 
and  persuado,*  both  in  one  hand,  and  a 
jjaper,  which  he  pulled  out  of  his  pocket. 
And  thereupon  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  said, 
"  Sir  John,  set  your  hand  to  this  paper," 
whereu[»on  Sir  John  Heydon  answered, 
**  that  he  would  not,  nor  could  uot,'*  and 
that  no  other  words  passed  between  them, 
antl  thereupon  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  took 
bis  horse  and  rid  away. 

That  he  put  his  hat  upon  Sir  John  Hey- 
don's  bead,  but  stopped  no  blood. 

That  he  saw  no  penn  or  tnkborn,  ike. 
Neither  did  he  see  Sir  Robert  Mansfield 
put  any  penn  into  Sir  John  lleydon^s 
hand,  but  he  saw  a  very  short  penn  lye 
upon  the  ground  hard  by  Sir  John,  where 
it  lay  after  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  went  out 
of  the  field. 

That,  at  his  coming  in,  there  was  no 
weapon  about  Sir  John  Heydon,  nor  near 
him,  save  those  weapons  that  Sir  Robert 
Mansfield  bad  in  his  bauds.  That  he  did 
not  see  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  take  up  any 
weapon  after  his  coming  iu.  That  he  did 
not  remove  Sir  John  Heydon  from  the 
place  where  he  lay  hurt,  under  the  hedge- 
side,  from  the  wind,  titi  he  was  put  into 
the  cart ;  and  that  be  did  not  stir  from  Sir 
John  Heydon^ s  head  from  his  first  coming 
till  the  cart  came.  Neither  did  Sir  John 
tell  Sir  Robert  Manstield  he  should  honour 
hiwiself  to  leave  them  by  his  side.  Neither 
did  he  call  to  the  said  Yarhain  for  any 
spurrs,  for  he  saith  that  he  saw  none. 

That,  after  Sir  Robert  was  ridden  sway, 
and  after  Sir  John  was  put  in  the  cart,  be 
saw  two  boys  take  up  Sir  Robert  Mans- 
fiL'Ld'd  ruffe  at  tbe  stile  where  his  horse 
stood. 

That,  at  bi^  coming  in,  Sir  Robert  Mans- 
field said,  *'  Old  father,  search  mc,*'  and 
unbuttoned  bis  doublctt,  but  Sir  Robert 
had  nothing  upon  bis  breast  saving  a  thin 
doublet,  his  waistcoat,  and  a  shirt;  and 
that  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  caused  bim  to 
feel  all  about  his  breast  with  bis  hand,  but 
found  nothing. 

That  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  leapt  upon 
hit  horse  without  help,  and  that  he  is  well 
aisttred  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  did  not  write 
any  thing  in  the  field  after  the  coming  of 
tbe  said  Yarham. 

5.  Leiier  of  Sir  Bagningltoumt  Gaudy  itt 
the  Lord  Chief  Juttice  Popham, 

Right  Honorable, — Being  ever  carefnll 
of  my  own  honest  reputaciou,  and  most 
reiipective  to  mayntayne  your  Lordship's 
good  opinion  of  me,  1  thought  it  my  duly 
to  manifest  the  troth  of  that  which  I  nn- 


*  ApfNirently  a  dagger* 


466 


^^  Heifdon  with  One  I/atid: 


[May, 


towards  oAer,  and  that  neither  pftrty  geve 
credit  to  the  reports  of  either  fkcfion, 
which  seeke  to  winne  fame  to  tliemielrei 
by  setting  others  at  division  by  flattering 
the  one  and  belying  the  other. 

I  can  not  think  snoh  reports  to  have 
growne  from  Sir  Robert  MansfUde  as  f 
delivered,  as  in  tearming  Sir  Christophier 
Heydon  and  his  brother  "base  knafct,** 
with  many  unbeseming  teamaei  to  be 
geven  by  any  one  gentleman  to  an  other, 
and  the  like  I  double  not  bat  is  bmited 
to  be  from  the  other  side  agayne ;  so  that 
if  you  desire  the  peace  of  your  onntry  and 
will  be  pleased  to  worke  well  for  your 
frends,  you  woolde  of  eyther  side  perswade 
the  casting  of  and  discontinaing  of  sodi 
base  companions  and  batesowera,  which 
as  you  tender  your  owne  repatation  and 
the  quyet  of  3^ur  cnntry  1  exhort  yon 
to  take  care  of,  and  when  yon  finde  any 
unbeseeming  haviour  from  eyther  ayde  to 
other  to  perswade  better  and  more  gen- 
tlemanlike carriage,  and  even  so  I  betske 
you  to  the  protection  of  the  Allmightie^ 
and  the  peace  of  your  cnntry  to  your 
cares.  At  Seargeants'  Inne,  the  18th  of 
January,  1600. 

Your  lovinge  frend, 

John  Popbam. 

llic  ^ai'ties  whose  names  have  oc- 
curred m  these  papers  were  among  the 
most  distinguished  m  the  martial  circlet 
of  their  day. 

Sir  Robert  Mansel  was  sabsequentlj, 
(luring  the  reign  of  James  the  First, 
the  leading  man  (next  to  the  Lord 
Admiral)  m  the  administration  of  all 
naval  affairs,  holding  the  important 
ofiicc  of  Treasurer  of  the  NavT,  and 
the  titular  distinction  of  Vice-Aumind 
of  England.  An  extended  memoir  of 
him  has  recently  appeared.*  During 
the  sixteenth  and  part  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  the  name  of  Muuelwas 
commonly  corrupted  into  Mansfiehlit 
and  we  see  that  even  Sir  Robert  him- 
self fell  into  this  change  in  his  signature. 

Sir  John  Heydon,  his  antagonist, 
was  descended  from  a  very  ancient 
family,  seated  first  at  Heydon  and  after* 
wards  at  Haconsthorp,  in  the  county 
of  Norfolk.  He  was  the  younser  son 
of  Sir  William  Heydon,  of  Bacons- 
thorp,  Vice-Admiral  of  the  coast  of 
Norfolk,  and  deputy  lieutenant  (an 
ofiicc  then  limited  to  a  few  individuals, 
instead  of  being  distributed  ad  UbUum^ 

*  In  Maiisell's  History  of  the  ancient  Family  of  Maunsell,  Stc.  reviewed  in  onr 
vol.  XXXIV.  p.  301. 

t  See  the  index  to  King  James's  Progresses :  all  the  Mansfields  there  i 
ManseU. 


derstand  is  reported  to  your  Lordship  not 
without  prejudice  to  me,  if  your  Lordship 
should  not  rightly  be  informed  of  the 
matter,  which  is  thb : — Sir  Robert  Mans- 
felde  did  request  me  to  come  to  his  house 
to  Norwich,  I  not  knowing  wherefore, 
which  accordingly  1  did,  where  I  found 
my  cozen  Hungate,  and  there  he  requested  . 
me  to  be,  with  my  cozen  Hungate,  a  wit- 
ness what  two  men  (whose  names  wereYar- 
ham  and  Harding)  had  reported  of  some 
matters  between  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  and 
Sir  John  Heydon,  which  accordingly  we 
did,  and  it  was  set  down  in  writing  and 
read  divers  times  to  them  before  me  ;  then 
I  asked  them  whether  they  would  have 
any  thing  added  or  diminished  ;  they  said 
no.  llien  I  asked  them  whether  they  spake 
any  thing  for  fear,  or  hope  of  reward ; 
they  answered  no.  Then  did  I  and  my 
cozen  Hungate  set  our  hands  thereunto, 
as  thinking  we  might  do  so  much  at  our 
friend  and  kinsman  his  request,  as  Sir 
Arthur  Heveningham  and  others  had  done 
for  the  other ;  for  my  part  I  would  be  glad 
and  have  endeavoured  my  self  to  labour 
reconcilement  between  them,  having  ever 
shunned  all  occasions  to  the  contrary. 
What  they  reported  I  am  bold  to  send 
your  Lordship  a  copy,  under  our  hands. 
So  humbly  craving  your  Lordship's  favour- 
able censure  of  me  and  my  actions,  which 
never  willingly  shall  displease  your  honour, 
I  humbly  take  my  leave.  From  Herling, 
this  5th  of  January,  1600.  Your  Lord- 
ship's humbly  at  comandement, 

Bassingrournk  Gaudv. 
To  the  right  hon''>«  Sir  John  Pop- 
ham,  knt.  L.  Chief  Justice  of 
England,  and  one  of  her  Ma*^'* 
most  hon*''*  Privye  Counsayle. 

b'.  Reply  of  the  Lord  Chief  Justice. 

To  the  right  worshipfull  Sir  Bassingboume 
Gaudy,  knight,  geve  these  with  speady 
haste. 

With  my  very  harty  commendations,  I 
have  receyved  your  letters,  with  the  in- 
closed declarations,  which  I  wishe  had 
bene  forborne  of  cither  party,  untill  it 
might  have  bene  examined  by  indifferent 
parties,  and  at  indifTcreut  places,  if  it 
shoolde  have  bene  thought  fitte  to  have 
bene  examined,  which  in  my  opinion  might 
well  have  bene  forborne.  For  they  were 
not  to  mitigate,  but  rather  to  increase  the 
(juurrell,  and  in  my  opinion  you  that  have 
charge  to  see  to  the  peace  of  your  cuntry 
and  bo  frends,  and  wishe  well  to  either 
party,  shall  do  well  both  to  perswade  that 
good  speeches  be   used   of  either  party 


1853.] 


an  Kngfish  Duel  in  I  GOO* 


487 


aa  ttt  pregeut,  to  neatly  eyery  coun^ 

Wffliam  ^V'odchouse  of  lltt'kling.  Sir 
William  Hejdon  died  in  1593,  leaying 
Sir  Cljri;^topher  his  beir,  who  was 
knigbted  by  tUe  Earl  of  Esscjt  at  the 
sacking  of  Cadiz  in  io9(J,  Sir  John 
was  knit^bted  in  L>^HK  probably  by  the 
same  handj  when  in  military  seiTice  in 
Ireland.  Both  brothers  were  shortly 
ai\^v  iimnng  the  friends  of  the  Earl  in- 
Tolved  in  his  disgrace,  and  they  re- 
ceived pardons  in  the  year  1001  for 
the  share  they  bad  taken  in  his  con- 
spiracy,* 

The  only  subsequent  notice  we  iiave 
found  of  Sir  John  Hcydon  h  in  the 
year  1614.  He  is  then  called  ^^  ytmug 
Heydmi  with  one  kcmdy*  for  he  was  still 
regarded  aa  yountf,  and  had  not  yet 
rclint|uished  the  fiery  propensilies  of 
his  youth.  The  aJieedote  is  connected 
with  the  marriage  of  mistress  Jime 
Drumuiond^  one  of  the  Queen's  maids, 
to  the  Earl  of  Roxburgh ;  and  Hey- 
don*3  ijuarrel  on  this  occasion  was  with 
the  young  Earl  of  Essex,  the  son  of 
his  iormer  patron  :— 

At  the  wedding  there  fell  out  a  bcuhble 
or  quarrell  ^twiit  the  Earl  of  Essex  and 
young  Hejdoa  with  one  hand  ;  which  was 
to  be  decided  presently,  but  that  while  the 
other  went  to  fetch  his  sword,  the  Eurl 
was  stayed  upon  the  wat«r  by  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury.  The  Queen  took 
ihb  as  an  affront  to  her  feajst ;  bo  there  is 
great  faalt  laid  on  Hcydoni  who  is  com- 
mitted to  the  Flect»  and,  if  he  find  uot  the 
better  friends*  may  pay  dear  for  it.  The 
day  was  dismal  to  him  and  his  home  ;  for 
in  the  morning  there  was  a  decree  tn  Chan- 
cery, that  the  Sheriff  snd  Justices  of  Nor- 
folk should  raise  the  coanty,  and  thrni^t 
bis  fath«r  out  of  the  possession  (which  he 
kept  by  force)  of  all  he  hath.f 

With  respect  to  the  matter  last  men- 
tioned, it  is  evidently  not  reported  with 
perfect  accuracy  by  the  courtly  news- 
monger ;  for  Sir  WilUam  Ho v don,  the 
father,  as  already  stated,  had  died  in 
I5f>3;  but  the  History  of  Norfolk  so 
far  coufirnis  the  picture  here  suggested 
of  the  state  of  the  family  property^  as 
to  tell  us  that  Sir  William  "  by  en* 
gaging  in  several  projects  with  certain 


citizens  of  London,  contrarted  a  large 
debt,  and  sold  muefj  of  his  paternal 
estate ;"  and  that  the  entail  had  been 
cut  off  by  Sir  Christopher  the  grand- 
father, who  died  in  1579.  These  ilif- 
ficulties  are  not  very  likely  to  have 
been  surmounted  by  the  astrnlotrical 
speculations  of  Sir  Christopher  the 
grandson  and  present  head  oi'  the  fa- 
mily, who  had  favoured  the  world  with 
a  Defence  of  Judicial  Astrology,  which 
was  printed  at  Cambridge  in  IC03. 

Ol  the  one-handed  Hir  John  we  have 
found  nothing  more.  Wc  do  not  know 
when  be  died,  or  where  he  was  buried. 
His  elder  brt)tbet*,SirCbristoj)her,  died 
in  16*23;  and  both  his  martial  and  his 
scientific  predilections  descended  to  his 
sons.  Sir  Willian-t,  the  elder,  was  slain 
in  1027  in  the  expedition  to  the  Isle  of 
Rhe.  Sir  John  the  younger,  and  suc- 
cessor to  Sir  William,  wu:*  Lieutenant- 
Crencral  of  the  Ordnance  to  King 
Charles  the  First 4  and,  whilst  holding 
til  at  office^  was  created  LL,  D.  at  Ox- 
ford on  the  20tb  Dec.  164:2.  Anthony 
a  Wood  describes  bini  as  having  been 
*^  B»  great  a  Bcholar  as  he  was  a  soldier, 
especially  in  the  mathematics;"  and  he 
is  mentioned  as  "  that  learned  knight 
Sir  John  Haydon"  (lbr»  we  presume, 
this  must  belong  to  the  nephew  rather 
than  the  uncle — unless  it  be  a  mistake 
for  Sir  Christopher  the  astrologer,) 
with  respect  to  a  lunar  rainbow  wnich 
appeareu  during  the  illness  of  Henry 
Prince  of  Wales.§ 

Hut  this  wan  the  last  of  a  long-dis- 
tinguished race,  for  the  family  was 
ruined  by  the  Civil  War, 

AVith  respect  to  the  other  parties 
mentioned  in  connection  with  the  Nor- 
wich duel^  it  may  be  noticed  that  two, 
Sir  Edwin  Kich  and  Sir  John  Towns- 
hend  were,  (a«  well  as  Sir  John  Hey-' 
don^s  brother)  among  the  knights  made 
by  the  Earl  of  Essex  in  the  Cadiz  ex- 
peilition  of  1^9G. 

Sir  Edwin  Rich  was  a  son  of  Robert 
second  Lord  liich,  and  brother  to  Ro- 
bert (afterwards)  first  Earl  of  War- 
wick of  his  family.  He  was  seated  (by 
Durchase)  at  Mulbarton*  bxx  miles  from 
Norwich. 


*  See  Rymer's  Foedem,  vol  xri.  p.  43S, 

t  Mr.  Chamberlain  to  Sir  Dudley  Garleton,  Feb,  10,  H>13<U,  Nicholi'i  Progn 
Sec.  of  King  Jamei  L  vol.  ii.  p.  754. 
t  In  1639,  if  not  before:  MS.  Addit«  (Brit.  Muf.)  5762,  f.  2m. 
§  Rufhworth'a  CollectlonB,  vol.  i,  p.  8, 


488 


The  Ancient  Commerce  of  Westme^land, 


[May, 


The  family  of  Knevett  or  Knyvett 
was  seated  at  Ashwell  Thorpe  near 
Wymondham,  in  Norfolk,  and  the  "Mr. 
Knevett "  here  mentioned  is  probably 
the  same  person  with  Sir  Thomas 
Knevett  of  that  place  who  was  knighted 
in  1603.  We  believe  him  also  to  have 
been  the  same  "  Mr.  Knevett "  who  had 
been  one  of  the  captains  of  the  iieet 
opposed  to  the  Spanish  armada^  and 
whose  head  was  among  the  portraitures 
which  surrounded  the  tapestry  in  the 
old  House  of  Lords. 

Sir  John  Townshend,  who  was  at 
Sir  Robert  MansePs  house  and  wel- 
comed him  home,  was  of  Kainham  in 
Norfolk,  the  lineal  ancestor  of  the  pre- 
sent Marquess  Townshend.  He  was  a 
cousin  of  tlieHavdons,  his  great-grand- 
mother having  been  Eleanor  daughter 


of  Sir  John  Ilaydon,  of  Baconsihorp, 
K.B.  Very  soon  after  the  date  of  the 
present  papers  he  fell  a  Yictim  to  the 
practice  of  which  we  here  find  him  an 
abettor.  During  the  first  parliament 
of  King  James  (m  which  he  was  sittins 
for  the  borough  of  Orford)  he  quarreled 
with  Sir  Matthew  Brown  of  Betch- 
worth  Castle,  in  Surrey :  and  a  duel  was 
the  consequence.  They  met  on  horse- 
back on  Uounslow  heath,  where  both 
were  mortally  wounded,  Sir  Matthew 
Brown  dying  on  the  spot,  and  Sir  John 
Townshend  on  the  2d  August,  1603. 
A  like  fate  awaited  his  younger  son 
Stanhope  Townshend,  wno  was  mor- 
tally wounded  in  a  duel  in  the  Low 
Countries,  where  he  was  a  volunteer  in 
the  service  of  the  States  of  Holland. 
J.  G.  N. 


rannas 


panfs 


Arms  op  Kendal, 
on  a  Silver  Tankard  bclonginK  to  the  Corporation. 


Nunc  ad  Kendal,  propter  pannum, 
Coetum,  situm,  aldermaunum, 
Virgines  pulchras,  pias  matres, 
Et  viginti  quatuor  fratres, 
Vere  clarum  et  beatum, 
Mihi  nactum,  notum,  nalum. 


Now  to  Kendal,  for  clothmiking, 
Sight,  site,  alderman  awaking ; 
Beauteous  damsels,  modest  mothers, 
And  her  four-and-twenty  brothers  ; 
Ever  in  her  honour  spreuiiiig, 
Where  I  had  my  native  breedbig. 

Drunken  Btamaby^e  Journal. 


THE  ANCIENT  COMMERCE  OF  WESTMERLAND. 


AT  the  first  view  it  appears  strange 
and  surprising  that  one  of  the  chief 
woollen  manufactures  of  England  in 
ancient  times  should  have  been  seated 
in  the  remote  county  of  Westmorland. 
Yet  such  wo  arc  assured  was  the  case. 


The  cloths  made  at  Kendal  were  famous 
as  early  as  the  13th  Rio.  II.*  if  not 
before,  and  are  the  subject  of  continual 
legislative  regulations  during  the  reign 
of  Henry  IV.t  Leland}  speaks  of 
Kendal  as  pmjwrium  Imieis  panniM  celt' 


♦  See  the  Rotuli  Parliament,  iii.  p.  271.         f  Ibid.  pp.  437,  4.08,  511,614,  fi93. 

X  ''  In  Westmcrland  ift  but  one  good  market  towne,  cnullid  Kendale,  otberwiie  as  I 
wenc  Kirkby  Kendale.     Yt  hath  the  name  of  the  ryver  cauHid  Kent,  nnde  H  Kendale, 
ted  emporium  laneit  pannit  celeberrimum,^* — Itinerary. 
4 


The  Ancieht  Commerce  of  WestmerlantU 


489 


Ijerrimiim.  Speed  aiitl  Camden  reptjat 
tlic  same  t^ulogium;  and  DmytoQ  re- 
echoes it  ifi  the  Hues, 

where  KoDcUl  town  dolU  nUinct, 

For  makiii;;  &f  our  cloUi  scarce  luuU-bt  in  oil  ttie 
land. 

CAmdea  adds  further  that  the  towns* 
men  of  Kendal  exerciaed  an  extensive 
merdiandise  of  woollen  cloths  through- 
out Jill  England.* 

It  wtmhJ,  perhnps,  be  as  little  ex- 
pected that  lIic  principal  market  of 
these  Westnierland  clothiers  should 
have  been  at  Cambridge  ;  yet  so  it  was* 
A  fair  annusilly  held  in  the  outskirts 
of  that  tuwii,  called  Sturhi'idgc  Fiiii% 
proved  so  convenient  iis  a  central  point 
of  concourse  for  the  nmnufaeturer»  and 
retailers  throughout  the  kingdom,  that 
for  some  centuries  it  wiis  the  greatest 
fair  in  England,  and  cdpecially  for 
cloth. t  So  much  was  the  mart  in- 
debted to  this  branch  of  trade  that 
Fuller,  in  his  History  of  Cambridge 


Univer-iityt  riilates  a  story  that  Stur- 
bridge  Fair  originated  with  the  clothiers 
of  Kcndul^  who  iirat  exoosed  there  for 
sale  some  cloths  which  n:id  been  acci- 
dentally wetted  on  their  journey  to  the 
South.  This  anecdote  is  scouted  by 
a  subsetjiient  historian  of  Sturhridge 
Fnu'  as  having  been  invented  only  for 
the  ears  of  silly  rustics  r  still,  if  the 
liiir  itself  was  not  originated  in  this 
way,  its  great  repute  for  clotli  may 
possibly  have  arisen  from  some  such 
circumstance. 

The  staple  produce  of  the  Kendal 
looms  was  evidently  r>f  that  coarse 
ijUftlity  which  was  required  in  large 
quantities  for  the  lower  classes  of  the 
comniunity.  We  know  from  various 
passages  of  old  authors  that  it  was 
consumed  especially  by  foresters  and 
countrymen,  being  so  commonly  dyed 
of  a  green  colon r^  that  the  name  of  the 
place  was  ordinarily  used  to  expresg 
that  colour,}      Skelton^  In  bis  poem 


*  We  find,  however,  no  recognition  of  the  above  facta  in  Mr.  C.  Knight'B  **  Pictorial 
History  of  England^  Iwiog:  a  History  of  the  People,  as  well  as  a  History  of  the  King- 
dom.'^ In  a  chapter  on  the  "  national  industry,"'  vol.  ti.  p.  192^  edit.  1 830 ^  it  is  stated 
tbut  **  When  the  woolkn  manufnctnre  (ii-st  began  to  ass nme  importance  as  the  great 
staple  of  the  nation,  it  ivas  cbieily  curried  on  in  London  and  the  iiutoediate  neighbour- 
hood, but  it  soou  fipi-ead  itself  into  the  iidjacent  counties  of  Surrey,  Kent,  E^seXy 
Bexkg,  Oxford^  and  nubsequently  into  Dorset,  Wilts,  Somerset^  Gloucester*  and  Wor- 
cester. These  were  the  counties  which  produced  the  best  woob  and  in  the  imperfect 
state  of  the  means  of  communication,  the  znanufacture  naturally  became  located  within 
reach  of  tha  raw  material.  The  woollen  manufitcture  had  noi  t/et  found  its  way  into 
y'orkshirr,  thougU  in  Devonshire,  the  wool  of  which  was  of  an  inferior  dcflcriptlon,  it 
had  existed  long  before  th«  prctsent  period."  The  *'  period"  intended  we  understand 
to  be  thut  of  the  kinip  of  the  house  of  Lancaster,  commencing  in  1399  ;  some  time 
before  which,  in  1336,  the  weavers  of  Brab.int  who  had  settled  ifi  York  are  mentioned 
(Rymer's  Fiedera,  iv.  723).  We  may  conclude  that  Anderson  and  Macpheraon^  the 
authorities  relied  upon  for  commercial  matters  by  the  compilers  of  the  Pictorial  His- 
tory, are  not  very  accnrsite  in  their  details  of  Ibe  early  annals  of  the  woollen  manu- 
fucture.  Nor  do  we  find  on  consulting  Mr,  BiscbofTs  History  of  Wool  and  the  Wool- 
ten  Manufactures,  184^,  8vo.  that  either  he,  or  Smith  in  his  *'  Memoirs  of  Woob'* 
has  admitted  the  manufactures  of  Kendal  to  their  due  place  in  tlte  subject.  There  is, 
however,  an  agreeable  article  on  Kendal  mad  its  ^fanufactures  in  No.  8G  of  Dickens'* 
Household  Words,  Nov.  15,  1851 :  but  we  tipprehend  not  fully  authenticated  in  the 
early  historical  details.  Whtit  is  the  authority  for  Betting  forth  John  Kemp  n$  the 
founder  of  the  Kendal  woollen  manufacture  ? 

t  A  spacious  square,  formed  by  some  of  the  largest  bonthsi  was  occupied  by  woollen- 
draper^,  t«iih>rs,  and  others  concerned  in  the  cloth  trade;  and  always  retained  it* 
ancient  appeUotion  of  the  Duddcry,  which  is  mentioned  in  connection  with  a  house  of 
lepers  calliid  th2  "  Fratres  dc  .SterebHdge,  uhi  mine  domas  vetua  eo  loco  ubi  nunc  pan 
fori  lanarii,  An^l.  the  Duddery.''  (Leland's  Collectanea,  i.  444,  frem  the  Liber  Bem- 
wcllensi*  cgcnobii.)  Carter,  who  published  his  short  account  of  Cambridgeshire  just  a 
hundred  years  ago  (in  1 753),  after  the  trade  of  Sturbridge  fair  hod  be^n  to  decline, 
says  that  100,000/.  worth  of  woollen  goods  had  been  known  to  be  sold  in  less  than  a 
week's  time  in  the  Duddery. 

In  an  old  poem  on  the  battle  of  Flodden  Field  are  these  linet : — 
With  him  the  bows  of  Kendale  stout, 
With  milkc-white  coats  and  crosses  red  \ 
upon  which  Mr.  Cornelius  NieboUon,  in  hia  Annalii  of  Kendal,  8vo.  1832,  p.  26,  makes 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX.  3  R 


490 


The  Ancient  Commerce  of  WeHmerkmd. 


[May, 


called  the  Bouge  of  Court,  when  de- 
scribing the  costume  of  Kiot,  tells  us 
that — 

Uis  cote  was  chcckt  with  patches  rede  and  blewe, 
Of  Kirkeby  Kendall  was  his  short  demye, 

And  ay  he  sange,  "  In  fayth,  decon  thou  crewe," 
Uis  elbow  bare,  he  wore  his  gere  so  nye. 

It  seems  to  be  doubtful,  from  the 
commentators  Warton  and  Dycc,  what 
article  of  dress  was  designated  hy  the 
term  "  demye ;"  but  both  agree  that  by 
"  Kirkeby  Kendall "  in  this  passage 
was  intended  the  colour  green. 

So  too  in  Hall's  Chronicle,  where  we 
are  told  that  king  Henry  VIII.  with 
a  party  of  noblemen,  "  came  sodainly 
in  a  mornyng  into  the  quene*s  chambre, 
all  appareled  in  shorte  cotes  of  Kentish 
Kendal  (ji  misprint  probably  firr  Kirkby 
Kendal)  ....  like  outlawes,  or  Robin 
Hodes  men,"  the  allusion  is  evidently 
to  the  same  colour. 

In  later  writers  it  is  usually  termed 
"Kendal  green,"  and  it  is  frequently 
mentioned  by  our  dramatists  and  poets,, 
being  the  recognised  dress  of  foresters. 

In  Anthony  MundaVs  play  of  "Ro- 
bin Hood,  or  Robert  Larl  of  Hunting- 
ton," IGOl,  occurs  this  passage, 

nil  the  woods 

Are  full  of  outlaws  that,  in  Kendall  green, 
FuUow'd  the  outlaw'd  Earl  of  Huntington. 

Falstaff  was  attacked  at  Gad's  Hill 
by  "  three  mis-begotten  knaves  in 
Kendal  green,"  (1st  Part  of  Henry 
IV.  ii.  4);  and  Ben  Jonson  in  his 
"  Underwoods  "  attires  Greenhood 


-  in  Kendal  green 


Am  in  the  forest  colour  been. 
From  some  lines  in  Hall's  Satires  it 
appears  also  that  this  was  the  colour 
worn  by  agricultural  labourers,  as  blue 
was  usually  that  of  serving- men : 

The  sturdy  plowman  doth  the  soldier  j»ce 
All  sc-arf  'd  with  pyed  colours  to  the  knee, 


Whom  Indian  pOIage  liitti  nuidii  I 

And  now  he  'gina  to  lofttha  hit  I 

Now  doth  he  inly  scome  hit  KtniaU  grtem. 

BaU's  Satires,  ly.  6,  p.  76. 

The  most  recent  account  of  the 
Kendal  manufactures  is  as  follows  : 

This  town,  nearly  as  late  as  the  be- 
ginning of  the  list  century,  exported  lai^gc^ 
of  coarte  woolletu  to  America^  but  the 
machinery  in  Yorkshire  and  Lancashixe 
(inter  alia)  have  nearly  destroyed  it  [the 
trade].  The  Kendal  greem,  sapcrsedsd 
by  the  Saxon  green,*  was  produced  from  s 
plant  with  a  small  yellow  flour,  and  pfO- 
ducing,  when  boiled,  a  beautiful  ydlow 
extract  provincially  known  as  woodMe  at 
tarrat  (the  genista  tinetorim  of  Loiuubbs), 
and  from  a  blue  liquor  extracted  fnm 
woad.  These  eottone  (as  such  coarse  wool« 
lens  were  called)  bsTe  yielded  to  ooarssr 
things :  floor-cloths,  horse-dothSf  linseys, 
and  the  like.  The  manufactore  of  car* 
pets  has  recently  become  popular  and  flo«- 
rishing.  Hosiery,  wool-card  making,  sad 
horn-comb  making,  as  trades,  still  exist  te 

some    extent Atkinson's    Worthies   of 

Westmorland,  1851,  vol.  i.  p.  32. 

The  traders  of  Kendal  were  formerlj 
associated  in  twelve  free  companieii 
which  are  thus  enumerated  in  an  an- 
cient  "  boke  off  recorde  "  belonging 
to  the  corporation  of  the  borough : — 

1.  Chapmen,  Marchants,  and  Staten; 

2.  Mercers  and  Drapers,  Linen  and 
Woollen ;  3.  Shearmen,  FuUers,  Djen, 
andWebsters;  4.  Tajlors,  Imbrodjr- 
ers,  and  Whilters ;  5.  Cordynen, 
Coblers,  and  Curryers;  6.  Tannen, 
Sadlers,  and  Bridlers;  7.  Innholders 
and  Alehousekeepers  and  lyplers ;  8. 
Butchers  and  Fishers ;  9.  Cardmaken 
and  Wyerdrawers;  10.  Suigeons,  Sctj- 
uyners,  Barbers,  Glorers,  Skynners, 

(obliterated)^  and  Poynt- 

makcrs ;  11.  Smyths,  Iron  and  Hard- 
waremen,  Armorers,  Cutlers,  Bowyert, 
Fletchers,  Spuryers,  Potters,  Pannen, 


this  note,  with  reference  to  the  public  room  in  Kendal  called  the  White  Hall:  "It 
seems  not  improbable  that  White  Hall  (originally  perhaps  White  Cloth  Hall)  has  taken 
its  name  from  the  manufacture  of  this  milk-white  cloth.''  But  this  remark  is  founded 
upon  a  misapprehension.  The  old  poet  was  not  here  describing  a  colour  peculiar  to 
the  manufacture,  or  to  the  archers,  of  Kendale.  White  coats  with  St.  Oeorge's  croM 
were  worn  by  all  the  infantry  of  our  English  armies ;  and  the  White  Coats  of  London 
— that  is,  the  trained  bands  of  the  city — are  as  often  mentioned  as  any  others.  Mr. 
Nicholson  repeats  this  misconception  in  p.  203,  where  he  imagines  that  "  spots  might 
be  easily,  by  poetic  fancy,  magnified  into  crosses  red.''  In  correction  of  this  idea 
it  is  to  be  remarked  that  the  white  coats  were  not  besprinkled  with  eromee,  bat  ereiy 
bowman,  or  soldier,  exhibited  only  one  cross  back  and  front,  displayed  upon  the  whole 
of  his  body,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  illuminations  to  the  msnuMnripts  of  Froissart  and 
other  old  historians. 
*  This  change  took  place  about  the  year  1770.— Nicholaon's  Anuh  of  ] 


1858.] 


T7%6  Ancient  Commerce  of  Westnierland* 


491 


Plumbers,  Tynkers,  Pewterers,  and 
Me  tall  erg  j  12,  Carpenters,  Jojners,. 
Masons,  Wallers,  Slaters,  Thatchers, 
Gliiasers,  Paynters,  Pleysterer?,  Dawb- 
ers,  Pavers,  Myllera^  and  Cowpera, 
These  incorporated  corn  pan  icH  jj^nidu- 
alljr  became  extinct,  the  last  of  tbera 
(the  cordynera  or  cordwainers)  being 
"  broken  up  " — i,e,  dissolved— in  180O, 
in  consequence  of  one  Robert  Moier 
refusing  to  recognise  any  legal  power 
in  the  corapany  to  impose  a  fine  upon 
persons,  not  being  freemen,  commenc- 
ing business  wLtliin  the  borough* 

There  is,  in  our  estimationt  some- 
thing more  than  an  ordinary  local  in- 
terest in  such  notices  as  we  have  now 
put  togeth<?r.  Not  only  do  the  pack- 
norses  of  the  Kendal  clothiers  again,  in 
our  mind's  eye,  tramp  along  the  high- 
ways of  Old  England,  but  the  knaves 
in  Kendal -green  acain  start  forth  from 
the  wood-side,  and  the  tattered  hood 
of  the  same  dye  again  barely  sbades 
the  head  of  the  labouring  swain. 

In  Kendal  itself  the  townsmen  were 
prosperous  m  their  industry,  and  boun- 
tiful in  their  chanty ;  sometimes  lay- 
ing the  foundation  of  families^  of  landed 
gentry,  and  sometimes  the  more  lasting 
structure  of  an  almshouse  or  hospitaL 
In  the  i^eventeenth  century,  like  other 
traders,  they  felt  the  want  of  a  cur- 
rency of  small  value  ;  and  it  was  sup- 
plied, partly  by  the  trading  companies 
and  partly  by  mdlvlduals,  in  the  form 
of  various  tokens,  of  which  some  eight 
or  ten  varieties  are  known.  It  is  by 
these  tokens  that  our  at  ton  ti  on  has 
been  directed  to  the  ancient  manu- 
factures of  Kendal,*  to  the  illustration 
of  which  they  will  be  found  to  lend 
some  further  assist&nce. 


1 .  The  earliest  in  point  of  dat43  is  that 
of  **  Thomas  Saudes  of  Kendal,"  1656. 
The  obverse  presents  the  figures  of  a 
teasel  and  a  wool-hook ;  and  the  re- 
verse a  wool-comb* 


Thomas  Sandes,  who  was  mayor  of 
Kendal  in  1G47-8,  made  a  fortune  as 
a  manufacturer  of  "Kendal  CJottons.*' 
He  resided  in  the  front  house  of  the 
Elephant  yard,  (now  thts  Elephant  inn, 
which  was  rebuilt  about  thirty  years 
ago,)  using  the  back  premises  as  his 
warehouses.  His  mint,  consisting  of 
two  coining  presses  and  other  instru- 
ments, was  a  few  years  ago  found  in 
making  alterations  in  these  premises. 
He  founded,  in  1670,  Sandes'  Hospital 
in  Kendal,  endowing  it  with  consider- 
able property  for  the  maintenance  and 
relief  of  eight  poor  widows,  and  for  the 
support  ot'  a  school  ibr  poor  children 
until  they  should  be  fitted  for  the  tree 
school  of  Kendul  or  elsewhere.  The 
hospital  premises  consist  of  the  master's 
house,  school -ho  use,  library,  and  eight 
dwellings  for  the  widows,  with  gardens 
and  crofts.  He  also  bequeathed  a  col- 
lection of  books,  including  a  valuable 
series  of  the  ancient  Fatliers  of  the 
Church.  He  died,  aged  75,  on  the 
22nd  Aug.  1681 ;  and  there  is  a  hand- 
some  monument  to  his  memory  in 
Kendal  church.  It  was  originally 
erected  against  a  pillar  at  the  west  end 
of  the  "  aldermen's  pew,"  but  was 
moved  last  year  (1 8o2),  in  consequence 
of  a  renovation  of  the  church,  to  an 
appropriate  situation  immediately  over 
the  south-west  entrance  door,  in  the 
interior  of  the  edifice. 

2.  In  1657  a  farthing  token  was  is- 
sued under  the  name  of  the  Mercers* 
Company.  On  one  side  it  bears  their 
arms,  the  Virgin's  head, — the  arms  of 
trading  companies  being  the  same 
throughout  the  country  as  they  were 
in  London.  On  the  reverse  are  the 
arms  displayed  by  the  town  (as  shown 
moTe  at  large  in  the  woodcut  at  the 
head  of  this  article),  quarterly  of  teasles 
and  wool-hooks.  Above  the  shield  are 
the  letters  K  K,  lor  Kirkby  Kendal^ 


whioli  are  placed  in  like  manner  on  the 


•  **  The  Tradesmen's  Tokens  (of  the  Hth  c«otury)  of  Cuinherland  and  Wcstmore- 
laod.  By  William  Henry  Brockett.  Gateihead-upon-Tync,  1853/*  8?o.  pp.  14.  We 
are  ladetitcd  to  Mr  Brockett  for  the  loan  of  the  woodcuts  which  jlluitrnte  this  pamphlet. 
He  had  previouAly  published,  "  The  Tokens  of  Durham  and  Nofthimiherhmd*    1851/' 


492 


The  Aneimi  Commerce  of  Westme^ 


[May; 


seal  of  the  town.  The  seal  is  of  silver^ 
rirculiir,  and  one  inch  nnd  a  hnlf  in 
diameter;  it  hns  the  date  loTS,  being 
the  year  following  that  of  a  chnrter 
granted  to  the  town  by  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, and  it 9  device  is  a  view  of  the 
town^ — the  eame  as  shown  on  the  an- 
nexed shield. 


The  dies  of  thia  token,  much  worn, 
were  found  in  1 803,  among  the  ruina 
of  the  New  Biggin,  where  the  company 
of  Cord  wain  era  had  their  hall,  and  they 
are  now  in  the  musetim  of  the  Natural 
History  Society  in  Kendal. 

In  16^9  two  other  farthing  tokens 
were  issued  in  Kendal  by  Oliver  Plat 
and  Edmoad  Adlington, 


three  bags  of  madder  argent,  corded 
or.  Edmond  Adlington  was  sworn  a$ 
a  shearman-dyer  in  the  year  1649,  and 
followed  that  business  in  16*5.5  und 
1037,  OS  evidenced  in  the  carporatioo 
books.  The  family  cauic  originally 
from  Ye  aland  in  Lancashire,  and  car- 
ried on  business  there  and  at  KendaJ 
simultaneously.  They  were  Quakers, 
and  tradition  mys  that  Edinond  was  * 
man  of  iminenHe  bulk,  weighing  up- 
wards of  24  stone,  und  that  his  wife 
was  of  little  inferior  weight,  being  tiji- 
wards  of  22  stone.  He  retired,  and 
died,  probably  at  bis  native  plaee^  at  a 
great  age.  Francis  Higginson,  vie 
of  Kirkby  Stephen,  a  pnrapblei 
against  the  early  Quakers  in  the  time  t 
Croniwell,  saysthat  some  of  them  stootJ 
naked  u[Km  the  market  cross  on  the 
jnarketdays,  preaching  from  thence  to 
the  people  ;  and  particularly  mention 
the  wite  of  one  Edmond  Adlington^  i 
Kendal  J  who  went  naked  through  tfa 
atreets  there.  The  initial  of  the  nan 
of  this  over-zealous  lady,  "  in  virtu 
bold,"  accompanies  that  of  her  huah 
on  the  ioken^  as  we  often  find  the  cate 
on  these  coins). 

5.  In  1 6f)0  the  token  here  figured  was 
issued  by  the  company  of  Bhearmen. 


3.  Oliver  Plat  was  a  gentleman  of 
considerable  propeity,  both  in  Kendjil 
and  its  neighbourhood,  and  lived  on 
his  estate  at  Summer  How  in  Skeb- 
mergh.  The  Rainbow  inn  in  Kendal 
belonged  to  him  ;  and  an  oak  table 
and  oak  panel,  bearing  the  inscription 
(boldly  carved),  ^*0.P.  yE.F.  UJaH,** 
were  disco veixid  when  the  house  was 
rebuilt  about  twenty *fjve  years  ago. 
Some  other  articles,  bearing  the  same 
initials,  are  preserved  by  Mr.  John 
Fiflher,  jun.  of  Kendal.  Mr.  Plat  was 
11  Roman  Catholic^  and  hence,  probably, 
the  use  of  the  Maltese  crosses* 


4-  Edmond  Adlington  displays  the 
arms  of  the  Dyers  (ns  in  London  and 
elsewhere),  Sable,  u  chevron  between 


The  two  implements  it  reprefcota  are 
now  almost   entirely  dtsu5ed^  liAvioi^ 
been  .superseded  by  machinery,  which 
does  the  work  better  and  cheaper.    The 
large  shearij  were  usetl  by  the  croppers 
to  cut  all  the  long  hairs  ofl'  the  cloth : 
and,  unless  great  care  and  precision 
were  applied,  there  was  danger  of  cut- 
ting the  cloth,  so  that  none  but  ex|>c- 
rienced  workmen  were  employed,  and 
they  earned  gi-eat  wages.     During  the 
Luddite  rioUi  in  the  West  Riding  of 
Yorkshire  in  18 Pi,  many  of  these  ar- 
tisans were  implicated,  some  of  tli^rn 
having  been  thrown  out  of  f  ? 
by  the  improvements  in  ni 
and  many  by  their  iuterapti 
The  long  hairs  are  now  ren  ,i 

spiral  thread  fixed  on  a  revolviu^  cy- 
hndei',  which  gives  a  tine  even  nap  tA:i 
the  eloih.  The  hand  tettsel  brushy  wbicU 
appears  on*  the  reverse  of  the  tokrn. 


1853.] 


11*6  Arttieni  CotnmBrc&  of  Wesimerland, 


493 


was  used  for  brushing  tlie  cloth — a 
brush  beiiifj  h€?ld  in  each  hantL  This 
operation  is  now  also  perfornied  by 
machinery,  the  teasels  being  placed  in 
a  long,  narrow  iron  iVftme,  which  is 
worked  by  st^^am- power.  The  vege- 
hibk*  teasel  ( Dipsaens  JaUonum )  con- 
tinues stUl  to  be  usecJ — no  ardficiEil 
bruffh  hnvingyet  been  found  to  answer 
the  purpose  better  thim  the  natural  one. 
(I,  tn  the  snme  year  a  token  waa  is- 
sued conjointly  by  Thomas  Wilson  and 
Thomas  Warde  of  Kirkland.     Though 


there  are  other  Kirklands  elsewhere, 
the  firmH  of  the  town  show  thnt  the 
token  is  rightly  aiisigned  to  Kirkland 
in  Kendsil,  which  is  thus  described  in 
the  History  of  the  rounly  by  Ki  col  son 
and  Burn : — 

Adjoining  to  the  town  of  Kendal  on  the 
south  h  Kirkland,  which  is  commonly 
reckoned  p^rt  of  Kendal  [it  now  forma 
part  of  both  the  pojUamentary  and  muni* 
01  pal  borough],  bnC  it  is  a  (list in ct  town- 
yhipi  (separated  from  the  town  of  Kendfal 
by  a  liltle  brook,  which  having  but  a  amall 
current,  und  &&  It  were  s^ekitig  a  pasaage, 
ta  called  Btindbeck*  This  place,  being  out 
of  the  mayor's  liberty,  is  much  resorted  to 
by  tradesmea  that  are  not  free  of  the  cor- 
poration. Kendal  church  stand  a  in  Kirk- 
land. 

Whether  Sfessi  s.  Wibon  and  Warde 
were  pjirtncris  in  trade,  or  merely  joint- 
issuers  of  the  token,  has  not  been  as- 
certuincd  ,  but  instances  of  joint-issue 
by  neigli hours  in  trade  are  nut  un* 
frequent. 

7.  In  IGGT  Jainea  Cfj^ke  junior  of 
Kendiil  issued  a  halfpenny  token,  ex- 


hibiting a  rebus  upon  his  name.*  This 
Mr.  Cocke  was  sworn  a  member  of 
the  Mercers*  Company  in  1655,  and 
became  mayor  of  Kendal  iu  1681.  His 
residence  wiis  in  the  Park ;  and  a  house 
which  stood  on  the  site  of  that  now 
ocunpied  by  K.  Hudson,  druggist,  in 
the  Butchers'  Kow,  belonged  "to  the 
family,  and  before  it  was  rebuilt  in 
1812,  had  the  fi^re  of  a  cock  in  stained 
glass  in  one  of  its  windows. 

8.  Richard  Rowlandson  of  Grayrig 
in  Kendal  parish  issued  a  Halfpenny 
in  1669.  The  device  h  described  by 
Mr.  Brockett  as  "  a  pair  of  scales  on  a 
pedestalj"  but  the  pedestal  looks  ex- 
ceedingly like  a  shovel. 

Richard  Kowlaudson  waa  a  feU- 
monger  and  woolstapler,  and  lived  on 


m^^ 


;>;5----4 


^ 


his  own  estate  at  Lambert  Ash,  Gray- 
rig,  where  he  carrfed  on  his  business, 
Grayrig  is  at  a  few  miles  distance  from 
KLrkby  Kendal  i  but  Itowlandson  had 
a  branch  establishment  in  the  town, 
and  others  at  Kirkby  Stephen  and 
Kirkby  Lonsdale.  It  is  rektcd  that  he 
walked  to  London  and  back  on  bu  Bin  ess 
three  times,  and  that  he  was  there  in 
the  time  of  the  It  rent  Plague  of  1665. 

This  was  probably  the  last  Token 
coined  for  Kendal,  as  the  tokens  struck 
by  townjt,  trading  companies,  and  in- 
dividual tradesmen^  at  the  period  in 
question,  '*  for  necessary  change,''  i*ange 
for  about  24  yearj,  that  is,  from  1648 
to  lB7'i,  and  were  checked  as  early  as 
l(J<jl).  Ill  that  year  the  citizens  of 
Norwich  had  a  pardon  granted  them 
for  all  transgressions,  and  in  particular 
for  their  coinage  ol'  lialfpence  and 
farthings,  by  which  tliey  had  forfeited 
their  charter,  all  coinage  being  declared 
to  be  the  king's  prerogative.f  In  1672 
all  such  currency  was  "crie<l  down*' 
by  royal  i>roclaniation. 

The  remaining  Westmerland  tokens 
described  by  Mr.  Brockett  are — 

Two  for  Appleby,  L  the  hidfpenny 


•  The  obverse  h  nt»arly  identical  with  that  of  the  token  of  John  Cocke  of  LecdB,  the 
reverie  of  which  in  inMdbetl  *' William  Bailey,  1666,  a  half  pcny.**    SncUing,  fig.  12. 
t  DlomefirUra  Hi^ttjry  of  Norfolk,  vol*  ii*  p,  2yo, 


iM 


ChriiHan  Iconography  and  Legendaty  Art.   -        C^^J* 


494 

of  Christopher  Birkbecke  (the  King's 
head) ;  and  2.  the  farthing  of  Edward 
Guy,  rev.  "i  sebve  fob  changs.** 
Both  these  are  dated  1666. 
Six  for  Kirkby  Stephen : — 
1 .  Heart-shaped,  with  the  arms  of  the 
Merchant  Adventurers.  The  initials 
are  probably  w.  b.  b.  not  w.  h.  b.  as 
here  engraved. 


2.  That  of  "JohnFallowfield   and 
R.  P.  mercers." 


3.  H.  R.  1659.  Device,  a  pair  of 
scales. 

4.  The  halfpenny  shown  abore  (but 
KiBBT  is  spelt  in  toe  oiiginal  without 
the  K.) 

5.  The  farthing  of  Margre  Sander- 
son ;"  device,  a  crown. 

6.  Jeofirey  Thompson.  Obv.acrown; 
Rev.  a  heart  pierced  wiih  two  arrows, 
with  an  eye  aoove. 


CHRISTIAN  ICONOGRAPHY  AND  LEGENDARY  ART. 

BT  J.  G.  WALLER. 

TuE  Wheel  of  Human  Lifb,  ob  the  Sevbn  Aosa. 


THE  Church,  in  developing  its  prin- 
ciple that  "  pictures  were  the  boots  of 
the  laity,"  did  not  stop  at  the  mere  de- 
lineation of  historic  facta.  The  events 
which  constituted  the  foundation  of 
the  Christian  creed  were  first  in  im- 
portance and  therefore  first  in  adop- 
tion on  the  walls  of  churches.  Ob- 
viously next  in  rank  were  the  figures 
of  the  heroes  of  the  faith,  with  their 
emblems,  forming,  as  it  were,  an  index 
to  their  histories.  These  histories 
themselves  were  of  frequent  illustra- 
tion. Thus,  there  was  the  great  nar- 
rative of  facts,  next  the  examples  for 
imitation.  One  link  was  yet  wanting ; 
it  was  to  point  a  moral.  Moral  repre- 
sentations then  succeeded ;  they  were 
last  in  development,  and  contained 
evidences  of  the  most  thoughtful  and 
philosophic  spirit,  sometimes  seasoned 
with  a  little  satire.  Of  those,  the  most 
interesting  was  "  The  Wheel  of  Life," 
or,  "The  Ages  of  Life,"  for  the  wheel 
is  merely  used  as  a  vehicle  to  express 
motion  in  allusion  to  the  ceaseless 
change  which  marks  the  current  of 
existence. 

The  impulse  given  to  art  in  the 
twelfth  century  is  marked  in  many 
striking  ways,  and  has  made  that  era 


celebrated  as  an  epoch  from  which  to 
date  an  advance  which  never  receded 
until  it  reached  its  zenith  in  the  daji 
of  Leo  the  Tenth;  and  it  is  in  this 
period  that  we  find  the  first  examples 
of  the  treatment  of  this  subject.  The 
idea  could  not  be  new;  it  was  probablT 
a  revival  of  some  old  tradition  whicn 
had  been  preserved  amonjf  the  artists 
of  Byzantium.  But  this  is  an  unne- 
cessary question  to  argue^  as  the  sub- 
ject owes  its  origin  to  the  subdirision 
of  man*s  life  into  so  many  fixed  and 
definite  periods.  This  subdiTision  ia 
made  by  many  ancient  writers,  Greek 
and  Roman ;  not  that  they  quite  agree, 
but  the  same  general  thought  is  yisi- 
ble.  Solon,  Hippocrates,  and  Produa 
among  the  Greeks,  and  Varro  among 
the  Romans,  are  those  who  haye  en- 
tered into  the  subdivision  of  the  life 
of  man  into  periods.  Hipj^ocrates  and 
Proclus  make  seven  divisions ;  Solon 
ten  ;  Varro  but  five.  Seven  seems  to 
have  been  the  most  popular,  and  ob- 
tained more  ready  acquiescence ;  jet 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  infiuenoe  of 
Solon's  divisions  ma^  be  trao^  eyen 
in  the  arts  of  the  middle  ages.  Hip- 
pocrates makes  the  first  penod  to  ter* 
minate  at  seven  years ;  toe  saoond,  at 


1853.]        The  Wheel  of  Human  Lifhy  or  the  Seven  Ages* 


496 


fourteen ;  the  third,  twenty-eight ;  the 
fourth,  thirty-five ;  the  fifth,  forty- 
seven  ;  the  sixth,  dfty-six;  the  seventh 
and  last  no  definite  time,  as  of  course. 
Proclus  differs  m  the  number  of  years 
assigned  to  each  period,  and  thus  di- 
vides the  term :  mfiincy,  four  years  ^ 
childhood,  fourteen  ;  udolesoence, 
twenty-two  i  young  manhood^  forty- 
two  ;  mature  manhood,  fifty-six ;  old 
age,  lixty-eight ;  decrepid  age,  eighty* 
eight*  The  author  of  the  Promptorium 
Farvulorum,*  written  about  the  year 
1440,  conies  nearer  fn  Hippocrates: 
thud, — 

The  vii.  a^ys.  Prima,  infaucia^  qute 
contiaet  viL  aanofl ;  secynda,  puerieia, 
UMque  ad  quflrttiiJii  dedmum  annum ;  tercia, 
adoiticencia^  usque  ad  xxiz.  aonictin ;  quarta, 
Juvenfutt  uiquc  ad  quioquagestmam  an- 
num ;  quinla,  ffravUatf  uaqae  ad  ixx,  an- 
num I  &cxta,  veHeciuit  que  nullo  terminatar 
termiuo  ;  fenium,  est  ultima  para  aeaeo- 
tutis.    Septimft  erit  io  resurreotione  fiaali* 

Here  the  first  three  are  nearly  the 
same  aa  that  of  Hippocrates ;  but  the 
fourth,  the  period  of  "juventuB,**  in 
extended  to  fifty  years;  the  fiftJi  to 
seventy,  and  he  styles  this  period 
"  gravitas  C  t^e  sixth  he  caOa  **  scnec- 
tu^,*'  or  old  ag^e^  and  he  divides  this 
into  two  parts ;  the  latter  part  of  "se- 
nectus,"  or  old  age,  is  "senium,"  that 
is,  senility  :  this,  in  fact,  is  the  usual 
seventh  perioilj  but  which  \s  here 
placed  iu  the  final  resurrection.  The 
mediicvui  artists  and  writers  therefore 
were  indebted  to  the  ancients  for  their 
materiakj  which  they  adapted  and  en- 
lamed  upon. 

One  of  the  earliest  examples  of  the 
treatment  of  this  subject  is  at  Basle ; 
the  date  Ib  about  theclose  of  the  twelfth 
century.  It  is  exhibited  by  a  circular 
window  in  the  gable ;  one  of  that  kind 
ao  closely  resembling  a  wheel,  which 
formed  the  f^erm  of  that  beautiiul  de- 
velopment^ the  rose-window,  which 
with  its  enriched  tracery  makes  so  re- 
markable a  feature  in  some  of  oui"  ca- 
thedrals. In  the  example  alluded  to,  the 
periphery  of  the  wheel  has  a  number  of 
ateps  or  spokes^  like  a  ladder,  and  upon 
this  the  figures  climb.  They  are  ten 
in  number ;  thus,  as  in  other  instances 
I  shall  mention,  agreeing  with  Solon^s 
division.  The  figures  are  all  the  same 
size,  and  therefore   symbolize  rather 


than  represent :  and  the  first  is  a  young 
boy  about  to  commence  the  ascen^ 
with  one  arm  on  the  upper  stave  and 
with  upraised  limb  ;  a  similar  attitude 
marks  the  second ;  the  third  ascends 
with  more  confidence,  and  makes  no 
use  of  his  arms  in  the  attempt ;  the 
fourth  is  similar;  tlie  fifth  is  at  the 
summit  seated,  his  head  is  covered  with 
a  cap  of  dignity.  We  now  commence 
the  descent,  and  this  exhibits  a  whim- 
sical rapidity ;  but,  however,  the  sixth 
figure,  although  fallen  from  his  high 
estate,  yet  retains  a  hold  upon  a  spoke 
of  the  wheel,  and  still  wears  the  cap 
like  the  seated  figure  in  the  fifth  stage. 
The  seventh  shows  a  figure  falling  pre- 
cipitately headlong;  so  in  the  next 
and  eighth.  The  ninth  has  almost  ter- 
minated the  rapid  course ;  while  in  the 
tenth  and  last  the  figure  is  stretched 
out  at  the  bottom  of  the  wheel,  and  the 
circle  is  complete.  This  la  but  a  very 
simple  and  incomplete  rendering  of  the 
subject;  it  oiTers  but  few  details  or 
developments,  for  these  belong  to  a 
later  age.  The  artists  did  not  even 
confine  themselves  to  ten  figures ;  for 
the  church  of  St.  Stephea  at  Beauvaia 
has  a  similai*  window  to  that  just  de- 
scribed, in  the  pediment  of  the  north 
transept,  with  twelve  figures  on  the 
wheel,  In  many  respects  it  accords 
with  that  just  described,  but  the  figure^ 
on  the  summit  reaches  out  his  left 
hand  in  aid  of  the  ascending  figures, 
whilst^  with  a  sceptre  in  his  right,  he 
repulses  those  descending.  This  work 
is  of  the  twelfth  century.  At  Amiens 
Cathedral  is  a  later  example  in  the 
south  transept:  here  are  seventeen 
figures  even,  and  they  only  occupy 
the  upper  half  of  a  circle.  There  iM 
but  little  material  difference,  however, 
in  development ;  the  ascending  figures 
are  young  and  beardless,  the  descend* 
ing  old  and  with  a  beard ;  but  there  ia 
not  much  attempt  at  character.  This 
work  is  of  the  latter  part  of  the  thir* 
teenth  century. 

Without  giving  a  strictly  chronolo- 
gical account,  I  shall,  however,  now 
refer  to  a  very  beautiful  example  in 
one  of  the  finest  MS8.  in  the  Arundel 
collection  in  the  British  Museum,  No. 
82.  This  ifi  of  the  early  part  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  and  it  exhibits  a 
development  of  Uie  subject  fuU  of 


ChvMitn  Icofitigraph^^  tn*  LegentUtiif  Art, 


490 


po€try  and  iuterest*  Here  the  fbrui 
of  ft  wheel  symbolises  motion,  but  tlio 
iigurea  do  not  cHinb ;  tliey  are  hi 
so  many  cirek'tis  nt  the  end  of  the 
Bpokes,  mid  the  centre  of  the  wheel  it- 
self has  the  head  of  God  the  Father, 
nimbetl  and  Uearded,  around  which  is 
this  inscriptiou  :  **Cunctaj»imuleerno; 
totum  rutione  guberno  :'*  hy  this  sig- 
nifying that  God  rules  by  hi^  will  the 
pliosea  of  life,  all  bein^  under  his  dis- 
ceminfj  eye.  The  first  circlet  ia  per- 
haps the  most  interesting,  tor  1  do 
not  know  another  instance  in  which 
the  first  age  is  so  treated,  viz,  a  nurse 
with  the  child  seated  in  her  hip,,  a  fire 
before  her  on  which  is  n  small  pot  or 
Cixuldron.  The  motto  is  "  Mitis  sum 
et  humilis,  Incte  nutro  puro."  This 
idea  of  the  nurse,  which  Shaktipere  bus 
so  beautifully  rendered,  is  by  no  means 
common,  even  in  those  developments 
that  come  nearer  to  the  time  of  our 
great  poet*  It  h  tlierefore  of  parti- 
cular interest ;  but  1  by  no  meaoH  draw 
a  parallel,  for  there  is  a  wide  distinc- 
tion between  the  medieval  illuminator 
and  the  ofreat  philosophic  Jiiind  of  the 
age  of  Elizabeth*  The  next  uge  iy 
represented  by  a  pretty,  graceful  tigure 
of  a  youth,  with  a  mirror  in  one  hand 
and  ^i  comb  in  the  other;  he  h  ar- 
ranging his  curling  locks.  The  Inscrip- 
.  tion  is  *'  Vita  dccenB  seculi ;  speculo 
probatur.**  *  Doubtless  this  is  intendcti 
to  ligtire  the  period  In  which  pergonal 
vanity  takes  possession  of  the  mind, 
but  it  seems  to  follow  too  ebse  upon 
luero  infancy.  The  next  h  still  less 
clear;  it  is  a  young  mnn  holding  a  pair 
of  sculcti,  ttnd  attentive  to  their  true 
balance.  The  inscription  is  *•  Kunquam 
ero  lubilis  ;  a^tatem  mensuro."  If  the 
meaning  of  this  be  to  illustrate  the  tige 
of  prudent  calculation  it  comes  too 
ejirly;  but  perhaps  it  rather  means  the 
overweening  conlidence  of  youth,  fore- 
seeing no  change,  and  thinking  idl  is 
to  be  as  they  calculate  upon.  The  next 
jfl  the  fourth  age ;  a  young  man  is  on 
horseback,  a  hawk  upon  his  fist.  This 
is  thejnscription,  *'Non  imago  spec uli ; 
sed  vita  letiitur."  This  is  intelligible 
enough;  bfe  is  now  at  its  hinrhest  period 
of  enjoyment,  thus  symbolised  in  the 
pleasure  of  Jield  sports.  We  next  arrive 
at  the  summit  of  the  wheel;  the  highest 


[May, 


pitch   of  ciU'thly   ambition    i^    repre- 
sented, as  also  that  period  of  liic  be- 
yond which  we  date  but  decline.     It 
i$  the  figure  of  a  king,  royally  crowned, 
a  sceptre  in  his  right  hand,  seated  upon 
bis  throne.     The  motto  is  agreeable  to 
the  subject^  "  Kex  sum,  rego  seculum  ; 
mundus  meus  totus."     The  t$ixih  iigc 
is  very  expressively  rendered;  a  tigure 
in  %  long  robe,  his  hood  covering  hii 
head,  and  a  lou^:  staif  in  his  left  Band, 
turns  Ins  head  backward?^  towards  the 
summit,  expressive  of  regret.      The 
motto   is   appropriate,  *''  Sumo   miciii 
baculum  inorti  tere  not  us."     Ecpiaily 
good  is  the  treatment  of  the  seventh 
age ;    it    is    the  last   pliase,    but   not 
the  last  subject  which  completes  thu 
wheel.     It  is  represented  by  a  decreiM  " 
old  man,  blind,  leaning  u|>ou  a  chdd 
who   steadies  the  old   man*s    atafi* 
he  bends  under  the  weight  of  his  in 
firmities.    The  motto  is  '*DecrepiUtl 
dedituis,  mors  erit  miehi  esse.'*    Th 
next  subject  is  but  a  contintiiiiion  ( 
the  other;  the  old  man  is  now  strctcha 
upon  his  death-bed,  and  a  \y\\ 
by  his  side  holding  up  an   • ; 
cunditm  artew.     It  may   be   iM.-iii,vd 
that  his  attire  h  that  of  a  clerk,  m  all 
practitioners  in  medicine  were  so  ai  . 
this   period.      The  motto  runs 
*' Infinnitati   deditus,  iDcipio  deeiseu^ 
In   the   next   the  scene   has   closocl  \ 
resting  upon  a  bier  is  a  cotiiri  cove 
with  its  pnll,  two  candles  arts  burninij 
at  the  head  and  feet,  und  a  {»rie»t 
rending  the  ollice  of  the  deail. 
inscription  is  'Tutaviquod  vivcrciii^ 
vita  me  decepit."      Laut  oi*  jiJ/,  jin<i1 
forming  the  base  of  the  wheel,  is  the  1 
tomb  represented  as  raised,  an- 1  a  cro^f  I 
sculptured  upon  it,  **  Versus  sum  iiil 
einerem,  vita  me  decepit."     The  *»t*ir_ 
is  over  and  tlie  mond  compleleO.     \i 
each  corner  of  the  pirtc  •  •-   ■  *• 
emblematic  of  the  prii 
v  i  sions  o f  1  i  fe,  1  nfancy , . :  . 
Decrepitude,     The  fxrst,  a  c  i 

on  the  ground,  but  about  io 
next,  a  royally  attired  figure,  iik* 
on  the  summit  of  the  wheel;  thtt  r  i 
a  figure  bciu'ded  and  bending  U|iuu  a 
stalf;  the  last,  an  aged  figure  ou   the 
ground,  as  if  incapable  of  motion,     li 
may  be  remarked  of  this  interesting 
example  that  it  is  executed  tn  the  beat 


*  la  the  original  the  motto  to  ihla  aad  the  next  have  been  endently  transposed  i  bitt 
J  did  not  tl^uik  accoraey  of  transcript  obliged  me  to  copy  an  error* 


1853.]        The  Wheel  of  Human  Life,  or  the  Seven  Ages,  497 


Ittyle  of  illumiiiatioii  of  the  time,  and 
riniich  grace  is  to  be  found  in  the  figures 
Jwid  draperies.  Notwithstanding  the 
Feonvcutiouul  habits  of  medieval  artists, 
fthev  seem  to  havecmplojed  a  Intitude 
I  and  invention  on  this  subject  that  gives 
[it  a  pecuHar  value  ;  and  before  I  pro- 
I  ceed  with  other  instances  I  will  notice 
[the  rules  laid  down  for  its  treatment 
[in  the  ^*  Guide**  of  the  Greek  monastic 
fftrtistB  of  Mount  Athos/  which  may 
[  weU  be  compared  with  thjit  just  ooticed, 
it&t  notwithstanding  points  of  dilTerence^ 
[It  has  much  in  common.  It  is,  how- 
I  ever,  much  more  comprehensive,  and 
I  includes  many  a  poetic  thought  and 
i-jiuggestion.  I  shall  give  the  passage 
[entire,  as  it  will  not  bear  well  to  be 
[  ahbreviated.     It  in  thus  entitled, 

"  How  the  deeeit/ul  jwriod  of  ihis  life 

lu  reprenented, ^Describe  a  little  circle, 

1  make  within  an  aged  man  with  rounded 

heard,  in  rojnl  attire,  a  crovirii  on  his 

head,  seated  upon  a  throne,  the  hands 

'  extended  on  each  side,  and  carrying 

the  same  thing,  as  the  world,  which  is 

figured  beneath  the  Apostles  at   the 

f  Fentecottt,      About   the    circle   write 

these  words,    '  The    senseless    workl, 

deceiver,  and  seducer/ 

**  Out  of  the  first  circle  make  anothei- 
f  larger  one.  Between  these  twoeircles  in- 
[  icnbe  four  semi-circles  disposed  cross- 
rise.     In  the  midst  of  them  represent 
^  the  four  seasoos  of  the  year,  Spring, 
Summer,  Autumn,  and  Winter*    Upon 
high,  Spring,  in  this  manner :  a  man 
,  seated   in    tlie   midst  of  ilowers   and 
I  Terdant  meadows  ;  he  wears  ujion  his 
lie&d  a  crown  of  dowers,  and   holds 
t  between  his  hands  a  harp,  which  he 

gays.      On  the  right  side  represent 
ummer,  in  this  manner  :  a  man,  with 
j  A  hat,  holds  a  scythe  and  reaps  a  field. 
Below,  represent  Autumn,  tlius  :  a  man 
I  a  tree  and  makes  the  fruit  and 
|^4k)l*     On  the  left  '^Idc  represent 
H",thus:  a  man  seated  and  wearing 
i  pelisse  and  hood,  warming  litrm^elf  at 
[  a  are  lit  before  him. 

'*  Out  of  this  second  circle  describe 
I  another  yet  greater.  All  about  it  make 
twelve  recesses,  then  within,  the  twelve 
i  signs  of  the  twelve  months*  Be  y^y 
Lattentive  to  put  each  sign  near  the 
[  aeasons  which  answer  to  it.  Th  us  then* 
f  yon  put  near  Spring,  the  Ram,  the  Bull^ 


the  Twins;  near  Summer,  the  Crab,  the 
Lion,  the  Virgin ;  near  Autumn,  the 
Balance,  the  Scorpion,  the  Archer; 
near  Winter,  the  Goat,  the  Water-pot, 
and  tht;  Fishes.  Then  dispose  these 
signs,  following  their  order^  all  about 
the  circle,  and  be  careful  t-o  write  above 
each  its  name,  and  also  the  names  of 
the  months,  m  the  following  manner  : 
above  the  Ram,  write  March ;  above 
the  Bull,  April ;  above  the  Twins, 
May ;  above  the  Crab,  June ;  above 
the  Lion,  July ;  above  the  Virgin, 
August;  above  the  Balance,  Septem- 
ber ;  above  the  Scorpion,  October ; 
above  the  Archer,  ^J'ovember;  above 
the  Goat,  December;  above  the  Water- 

Eot,  January ;  above  the  Fishes,  Fe- 
ruary. 

"  Without  the  third  and  largest  circle, 
make  the  ^eren  ages  of  man  m  the  fol- 
lowing manner  : — Below  on  the  right 
side,  mtdce  a  little  child  who  ascendjs ; 
write  before  him  on  n  circle,  child  of 
seven  years.  Above  this  child  make 
another  greater*  and  write  child  of 
fourteen.  Get  hicher,  make  a  young 
man  with  moustactio?,  and  write  youth 
of  twenty -one  years.  On  high,  on  the 
summit  of  the  wheel,  make  another 
man,  with  a  curling  beard,  seated 
upon  a  throne,  tho  feet  upon  a  cushion, 
the  hantla  extending  on  each  side, 
holding  in  tlie  right  a  sceptre,  and  in 
the  lell  a  bag  full  of  money ;  be  wears 
royal  vestments,  and  a  crown  upon  his 
hemi.  Below  him,  on  the  wheel,  write 
young  man  of  twenty-eight  years. 
Below  him,  on  the  left  side,  moke 
another  man,  with  pointeti  beard,  head 
stooping  and  looking  upwards ;  write, 
man  of  forty- eight  years.  Below  him 
make  another  man,  with  gray  hair,  and 
laid  down  upon  hi;*  back ;  and  write, 
mature  man  of  fifty-six  years.  Be- 
neath him  make  a  man  with  a  white 
beard,  bald,  head  bending  down  and 
bunds  hanging;  and  write,  old  man  of 
seventy-five  years.  Then  beneath  Inm 
make  a  tomb,  In  which  h  a  great 
dragon,  having  in  his  throat  a  man  on 
his  backi  and  of  whom  one  sees  but 
half.  Near  this*  in  a  tomb  is  Death* 
armed  with  a  great  scythe.  He  thrusts 
it  into  the  neck  of  the  man,  whom  be 
forces  to  go  down.  Outside  the  circle 
irrite  the  following   inscription,  near 


*  Manuel  d'lconographlc  Chr^'ticnne.  M<  Didron,  p,  40S,     Puris,  1845, 
Geht.  IVIaii.  Vol,  XXXIX.  3  S 


Chy^iian  Iconography  and  L§gendwnf  Art  C^"7» 


498 


the  mouths  of  the  personages.  Near 
the  little  child,  *  When  then,  being  in 
ascent,  shall  I  arrive  on  high  ?  *  Near 
the  child,  *  O  time,  haste  thee  to  turn, 
in  order  that  I  may  quickly  reach  the 
top.*  Near  the  youth,  ^Behold,  I 
have  arrived  at  the  point  of  seating 
myself  soon  upon  the  throne.'  On 
the  younff  man,  'Who  is  it  that  is 
king  like  I?  Who  is  above  me  P'  Near 
the  mature  man  write,  '  Unhappy  that 
I  am  I  Oh  time  how  hast  thou  deceived 
me.*  By  the  old  man,  '  Alas  I  Alas  I 
Oh  Death  I  who  can  avoid  thee  P*  By 
the  tomb  these  words, '  Hell  all-de- 
vouring, and  death.*  Near  him  who 
is  devoured  by  the  dragon,  'Alas! 
who  will  save  me  from  all -devouring 
hell  ?  * 

''  Make  on  the  right  side,  and  upon 
the  left  of  the  wheel,  two  angels,  having 
each  above  their  head  the  half  of  the 
seasons,  and  turning  the  wheel  with 
cords.  Above  the  angel  who  is  on  the 
right,  write,  *Day.*  Above  him  on 
the  left,  'Night.*  On  the  height  of 
the  wheel  this  epigraph — '  The  sense- 
less life  of  the  deceivmg  world.*  " 

This  elaborate  direction  tor  the 
treatment  of  a  subject  which  from  the 
twelfth  to  the  sixt<;cuth  century  exer- 
cised the  pencils  and  the  chisels  of  the 
artists  of  the  middle  itgcs,  has  its  in- 
terest in  the  absolute  certainty  that  it 
conveys  their  traditions.  The  analo- 
gies that  it  bears  to  our  examples  arc 
many,  and,  although  less  forcible  in 
some  details,  it  i.s  a  more  complete 
whole  than  we  are  acquainted  with 
in  any  extant  exanij>le  of  the  artists 
of  the  western  church.  Making  the 
prime  of  life  at  twenty-eight  years  is 
too  early,  and  not  quite  consonant 
with  the  general  philosophic  views  on 
the  subject;  but  in  this  it  appears 
in  some  measure  to  follow  the  divi- 
sion of  Hippocrates  and  the  Promp- 
toriuni.  In  other  parts  of  the  arrange- 
ment it  will  be  iu  agreement  and 
analogy  with  the  previously-described 
example,  and  also  others  of  a  later 
period,  which  I  will  presentlv  notice, 
riie  motion  of  the  Wheel  being  per- 
formed by  Day  and  Night  is  a  highlv 
poetic  idea,  ns  well  as  the  wheel  itself 
revolving  around  the  zodiacal  signs, 
typifying  the  revolving  months  of  the 
year  ;  this  again  further  illustrated  by 
the  four  seasons.     It  were  impossible 


to  symbolize  paising  time  in  a  i 
more  compreheDsiYC.  Most  peraoni, 
having  any  acquaintance  with  S'ormaii 
architecture,  muBt  occaiionallj  have 
seen  the  zodiacal  signs  forminff  a  con- 
spicuous part  of  the  ornamented  mould- 
ings of  the  arched  entrancei.  It  seems 
to  me  exceedingly  probable  they  were 
so  introduced  as  forming  a  part  of  an 
intention  to  symbolize  erer-fleeting 
time — a  moral  on  human  instability; 
and  most  appropriate  was  it  to  exhi- 
bit that  on  the  entrance  door  of  the 
church. 

The  variations  in  the  treatment  of 
the  subject  are  fhll  of  interest,  and 
cannot  be  overlooked,  and  in  continu- 
ation I  will  now  bring  to  notice  two 
English  examples  found  in  the  two 
cathedral  churches  of  Rochester  and 
Canterbury.  The  first  was  discorered 
some  years  since  in  Rochester  cathe- 
dral, and  is  a  fragment  of  distemper- 
painting  executed  about  the  close  of 
the  thirteenth  century.  It  is  de- 
scribed in  Grent.  Mag.,  vol.  ziv.  (New 
Series)  p.  137.  In  that  account  the 
writer  speaks  of  it,  and  not  I  think 
altogether  incorrectly,  as  the  *'  Wheel 
of  h  ortune ;  **  but,  from  the  record  he 
cites,  it  is  clear  it  was  considered  a 
religious  subject.  I  therefore  place 
its  consideration  under  this  head,  be- 
cause, in  spite  of  distinctions  from  the 
"  Wheel  of  Life,*'  the  "  Rota  Fortune" 
is  evidently  analogous,  and  was  in- 
tended to  impress  the  beholders  with 
a  conception  of  the  instability  of  wordlj 
grandeur.  The  subject  is  represented 
by  a  crowned  female  by  whom  the 
wheel  is  turned,  and  there  were  pro- 
bably five  figures  (only  three  arc  pre- 
served) climbing  and  fallins  from  the 
wheel.  All  these  are  heankd^  a  dis- 
tinction at  once  from  the  **  Wheel  of 
Life ;  '*  and  the  character  of  their  attire 
improves  as  they  ascend  the  wheel,  the 
one  sitting  on  the  top  being  marked 
by  superior  richness  in  apparel.  I  will 
not  enlarge  u[>on  this  mstance,  and 
mention  it  only  under  this  head,  be- 
cause ^I.  Didron  seems  to  doubt  if 
there  be  a  distinction  between  the 
"  Wheel  of  Fortune  **  and  the  "  Wheel 
of  Life;*'  but  the  distinction  pointed 
out  above,  and,  furthermore,  an  ez- 
aniple  of  Fortune's  Wheel  in  Cott.  MS. 
"  The  Pilgrimage  of  the  Soul,"  which 
is  strictly  analogous,  I  think  puts  the 


1853.]        The  Wheel  of  Human  Life,  or  the  Seven  Ages. 


409 


question  out  of  dispute,  and  the  figure 
of  Fortune  is  there  represented  in  the 
same  manner.* 

The  example  at  Canterbury  Cathe- 
dral is  in  the  painted  windows  of  the 
clerestory,  and  here  is  a  division  into 
six  ages  only,  to  which  the  following 
names  are  given :  "  Infantia,  Pueritia, 
Adolescentia,  Juventus,  Virilitas,  Se- 
nectus  ;"  and  it  is  also  remarkable  for 
having  six  other  figures  representing 
the  six  ages  of  the  world.  These  figure* 
are  inscribed  with  the  names  Adam, 
Noe,  Abraham,  David,  Jechonias ;  the 
name  of  Christ,  which  should  be  the 
last,  is  gone,  but  the  nimbed  figure  re- 
mains to  point  it  out,  and  a  mutilated 
inscription  around  the  whole  yet  con- 
tains the  words — 
Hydria  metretaa  capicns  est  qnielibet  83tas 
Lympha  dat  historiam  vinom  notat  allegoriam. 

These  words  have  reference  to  the 
marriage  of  Cana ;  against  which,  on 
either  side,  are  the  six  ages  of  life  and 
the  six  ages  of  the  world.  The  mea- 
sures of  water  figure  the  ages  of  life 
anterior  to  Jesus  Christ,  but  turned 
into  wine  they  represent  the  ages  of 
man  sanctified :  such  is  the  allegory. 
The  same  parallel  is  made  in  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  seven  ages  on  the 
south  door  of  Amiens  Cathedral  before 
alluded  to. 

We  will  consider  now  a  later  ex- 
ample at  Troyes,  in  the  church  of  St 
Nizier,  in  some  painted  glass  executed 
at  the  close  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
In  this  there  is  also  a  variation  from 
previous  instances.  Seven  females  in- 
troduce seven  figures,  each  personify- 
ing the  seven  ages,  and  a  moral  dialo^e 
is  held  between  the  Genius  of  Religion, 
if  we  may  so  call  her,  and  the  different 
persons  represented,  and  she  further 
offers  them  a  fuft  of  appropriate  moral 
sign  ificance.  To  the  child  galloping  on 
a  horse  Tt  is  a  little  model  of  a  church ; 
to  an  amorous  youth,  who  holds  a  rose, 
an  object  unfortunately  broken  away ; 
to  a  third,  which  has  disappearedf  a 
vessel ;  to  a  young  man  wno  holds  a 
falcon  on  his  fist  and  is  going  to  mount 
his  horse,  an  object  also  br&en  away; 
to  a  mature  man,  a  iaoani^  a  doctor, 
who  holds  a  book,  she  offers  a  mon« 


strance  in  which  the  host  appears ;  to 
an  aged,  impotent  man,  and  who  walka 
on  two  crutches,  a  clock,  to  remind  him 
of  his  last  hour,  which  is  near;  to  an 
old  man  extended  on  the  ground,  dying 
on  a  couch,  and  for  whom  the  hour  of 
justice  is  about  to  strike,  the  mysterioua 
woman  extends  her  left  hand,  whilst 
she  holds  in  the  ri^ht  a  naked  sword. 
Opposite  this  Justice-Hope  (who  is 
clothed  in  green)  is  Death,  a  skeleton 
quite  white,  who  carries  a  scythe  on 
the  lefl  shoulder,  holds  an  oar  in  the 
right,  and  comes  to  claim  &e  during 
man.f  The  glass  is  unfortunately  in  a 
very  mutilated  condition,  but  enough 
exists  to  shew  the  analogies  with  other 
instances,  and  the  character  of  the 
variations  from  them.  The  child  on 
horseback  is  a  new  idea,  and  its  intent 
is  to  signify  the  mobility  of  childhood, 
ever  striving  forward.  The  youth  with 
the  rose  may  compare  with  the  fiffure 
in  the  Arundel  MS.  who  is  sleeking 
his  hair  with  a  comb  before  a  mirror. 
The  introduction  of  the  figure  of  Death 
too  marks  an  era,  and  wiU  be  still  fur- 
ther illustrated  by  the  instance  which 
follows.  This  example  is  another  proof 
how  much  the  artists  gave  loose  to 
their  imagination  in  the  treatment  of 
this  subject. 

The  glass  just  described  bringf  ni 
down  to  the  sixteenth  century,  and  at 
this  period  engravings  illustrative  of 
human  life  in  its  different  ages  became 
evidently  popular,  though  now  rarely 
met  with ;  yet  two  examples  have  re* 
centl^  been  made  known  to  me — an  en- 
gravinff  on  wood,  and  another  on  cop- 
per. l£e  latter  is  in  my  possession,  and 
IS  an  extremely  well  executed  Italian 
print  of  the  b^^uining  of  the  lizteentli 
century,  and  is  worth  a  complete  de- 
scription, inasmuch  as  it  is  more  thaa 
probable  that  Shakspere  was  fiumliar 
with  such  designs,  and  had  them  in  hii 
mind  when  he  put  the  moral  of  the  seven 
ages  into  the  mouth  of  "the  melancholy 
J^ques.**  It  must  be  observed,  how 
ever,  of  these  prints,  that  the  wheel  has 
given  place  to  a  succession  of  gni^^ 
or  steps,  rising  on  one  side  and  mllinf 
on  the  other,  the  uppermost  stage  or 
step  being  occupied  by  the  figure  re* 


*  Didron,  however,  mentions  an  example  fai  a  MS.  of  Angnstin's  **City  of  Oodi** 
in  the  library  at  Amiens,  strictly  in  accord  with  the  painting  at  Rodiester. 
t  See  Annalss  Aroh^ologiqnes,  voL  i.  p.  248. 


500  Christian  Iconographt/  and  Lsgmda'i^  Art.  [May, 

that  by  reason  of  hiB  great  strength  he 
often  runs  great  risks : 

Dl  forza  o  par  al  tor  un  di  trent'  uuil, 
Ond'  alle  rolte  'noorre  in  grari  daiini. 

This  is  cqmTalent  to  the  "  sudden 
and  quick  in  quarrel,**  and  '^  seeking 
the  bubble  reputation  even  in  thecan- 
non*8  mouth.* 

We  now  arrive  at  the  fifth  age. 
Here  is  the  justice,  a  seated  figure ; 
the  shield  is  now  put  at  his  feet,  and 
in  his  right  hand  he  holds  a  bundle  of 
fasces.  His  emblem  is  the  lion,  his 
VL^c  forty ^  and  the  distich  declares  him 
knig  among  mortals,  as  the  lion  among 
beasts : 


presenting  the  prime  age  of  life.  The 
number  of  ages  too  is  not  confined 
to  seven,  but  there  are  nine  ;  not- 
withstanding this,  it  will  be  seen  from 
the  following  account  that  the  con- 
ception of  the  subject  is  close  upon 
that  of  our  immortal  Bard.  There  is 
another  peculiarity  attending  it,  viz. 
that  under  each  figure  in  a  kind  of 
hollow  cavity  is  an  auimal  which  is 
supposed  to  bear  the  most  resemblance 
to  the  age  and  condition  of  man  in  his 
l)criod  of  life  as  represented. 

The  picture  is  composed  of  a  rock 
made  into  nine  steps.  The  first  is  oc- 
cupied by  a  little  child  of  one  year  old 
(for  the  ages  are  denoted  by  iigures), 
in  a  go-cart,  and  holding  a  spoon  in 
his  left  hand  ;  the  animal  beneath  is  a 
pig  feeding  on  acorns,  and  there  is  to 
each  figure  a  distich  in  Italian  which 
has  reference  to  the  disposition  and 
character  peculiar  to  the  age.  To 
this  is — 

Di  gesti  11  un  porccllin  himil*  l- 1  putio, 
Che  si>c>so  per  natiiru  I-  tutto  bnitt«). 

Thus  the  boy  is  likened  to  a  pig  on 
account  of  his  nature  being  disposed 
to  the  satisfaction  of  mere  animal  in- 
stincts, his  gratification  being  confined 
to  the  sustenance  of  life.  Jn  the  second 
stage  we  recognise  at  once  the  source 
of  Shakspcre'd  "  schoolboy  with  his 
satchel."  Here  it  is  a  boy  of  ten  years 
old  carrying  books;  the  animal  be- 
neath him  is  a  young  lam!),  and  the 
couplet  is — 

A  un  A^fucllin  siniil  !>  un  died  anni. 
Clie  iittT  HvvcrMtii  non  I'V^W-jl  utrjinni. 

He  is  compared  to  a  lamb,  because 
hood  for  adversity  does  not  yet  give 
him  any  trouble.  Next  stage  is  a  youth 
f)Utventy.  This  is  the  lover ;  in  his  right 
hand  is  a  branch  of  myrtle,  at  his  feet 
a  young  cupid  is  bending  his  bow.  He 
is  likened  to  a  young  goat,  which  is 
represented  ])cneath,  with  these  lines — 

W'locc  \'  1  tjiDvnn'  come  il  cnprioli), 
Spcnto  ilal  dio  d'uuior,  o  «1:\1  suo  duol«», 

which  describe  him  as  swift  as  a  young 
kid,  and  over-mastered  by  the  god  of 
Love  and  his  wiles.  ITien  follows  the 
soldier,  armed  cap-a-pie,  with  spear 
and  shield  ;  his  age  is  put  at  thirty — 
ibr  all  the  grades  here  ascend  and 
descend  by  divisions  of  tens — the  bull 
is  his  emblem,  and  the  inscription  says 


L'huom  di  qiuranU  1*  re  tra  U  mortali, 
Com'e  il  Icon  fro  tuttl  granimali.* 

The  two  next,  on  the  descending 
grades,  find  no  analojB^y  in  Shakspere, 
who  preserves  some  oi  the  earlier  ideas, 
but  the  division  of  ten  yearn  between 
each  a^e  is  still  maintained,  so  now  we 
have  the  man  oi  fifty.  He,  like  the 
figure  in  the  windows  of  the  church  at 
Troyes,  is  a  learned  man ;  in  one  hand 
he  holds  his  pen-case  and  Jnk-hom, 
and  at  his  feet  is  an  hour-glass  and 
books.  He  is  likened  to  a  fox,  and  is 
said  to  be  skilful  in  trafilc : 

Volpi  i'  d'iiAtmia  riiuoin  glunt*  a  tal  gradu, 
Che  ben  del  traiUcar  cunotfcc  1  guado. 

Next  is  the  man  of  sixty •  His  re- 
gard is  fixed  downward;  his  right  hand 
holds  an  olive-branch,  the  symbol  of 
peace ;  the  garb  and  panoply  of  war, 
cuirass,  s|>ear,  shield,  and  helmet  lie 
at  his  feet,  and  he  puts  his  foot  upon 
them,  as  if  to  signify  they  were  no 
more  for  him.  lie  is  symbolized  by  a 
wolf : 

SI  conic  il  lupo  in  dciircflar  procun, 
Cof«i  tal  huoin  in  acquintar  pon'  cura. 

As  if  to  say,  :is  a  wolf  lives  on  depre- 
dations, so  man  at  this  time  puts  all 
his  care  in  acquisition,  in  fa<%,  grows 
avaricious. 

We  now  come  again  in  analogy  with 
our  great  poet,  and  the  man  of  secea/y 
is  the  **  slippered  pantaloon.**  He  is  a 
figure  bending  with  age,  attired  in  a 
long  furred  robe,  his  fcH}t  in  slippers, 
''sj>ectaclcs  on  nose,**  holding  in  his 
hand  a  tablet,  on  which  are  several 
counters,  with  which  he  seems  to  be 
reckoning.  He  is  compared  to  the 
hound,  called  brachc,  used  to  hunt  the 
hare,  and  which  the  couplet  attached 


1853.3        Tlic  Wheel  of  Iluttum  Liffft  or  the  Seven  Ages, 


to  it  assimilates  to  a  timn  vyith  a  sack 
lull  of  sinii  : 

Jn  dor  fugtt  oUii  lepr^  cercft  '1  bntcco, 
Com*  bticnn  che  di  poccatl  b«i  pleno  U  sicco* 

"  Last  scene  of  all/*  the  man  of  eighty. 
lie  \i  hlmilf  and  sealed  upou  a  tomb 
or  cotlip,  the  Ird  of  which  ia  partly 
aside  ;  the  old  man  rests  his  hcEid  upon 
his  hftiid,  ami  has  his  right  leg  in  the 
luinb.  He  is  compared  to  an  old  asa, 
which  is  represented  as  worn  out, 
erouuhed-up  upon  the  ground,  muui^ 
bling  as  he  eats  \ 

Com*  aiin  rcoehlo  cte  fi  pu^^i  c  rAngiu, 
Til  hnam*  «i  poift  e  bafbottuntlo  iniingiii. 

The  moral  of  the  story  is  still  further 
carried  out ;  the  phases  of  life  are  past, 
hut  the  future  consummation  is  now  to 
he  t4iught :  heie,  also^  we  huve  analogy 
with  the  pre  vi  ously  -dej?cri  bedexamples. 
In  the  centre  of  the  rock  in  which  the 
traded  are  cut  is  a  cave,  hollowed  out^ 
in  which  b  Death,  represented  as  a 
skeleton,  whetting  a  scythe.  There  is 
a  motto  to  the  eflect  that  none  can 
escajie  from  his  hand.s.  On  his  right, 
an  angel  raises  a  dying  form,  which 
calls  upon  him  for  aid  ;  and  on  the 
Jeil,  a  demon,  with  a  trident,  is  drag* 
ging  a  figure  by  one  leg,  who  utters 
expressions  of  piteous  deprecation. 
High  above,  on  the  rijifht  side,  Christ  is 
represented  in  the  midst  of  irradiated 
glory,  and  surroundod  by  choirs  of 
iingels ;  and  an  angel  is  conducting  a 
figure  to  paradise,  as  thus  indicateJ, 
from  which  another  bends  down  to  re- 
ceive it.  On  the  left  side  is  the  exact 
contrary  :  Satan,  with  a  three -pronged 
fork,  is  seated  on  a  dragon,  and  sur- 
rounded with  demons,  armed  with  in- 
struniente  of  torment.  And  as  on  the 
right  an  angel  leads  the  soul  to  heaven, 
here  a  demon  conducts  one  to  hell, 
from  which  another  bends  down  to 
take  the  guilty  sinner.  Both  subjects 
are  interspersed  with  illustrative  in- 
ftcriptions,  which,  howeyer,  are  not  of 
sufficient  interest  to  write  at  lengtbf  as 
they  are  merely  exclamatioDs  of  suf* 
fering  or  of  joy.  Beneath  the  figure 
of  Christ  is  the  text^  '*  Blessed  is  he 
that  bears  and  keeps  my  word ."  Under 
Satan,  "  I  enjoy  others'  ill  and  pain." 
There  is  a  moral  sentence  over  the  top 
of  the  composition  running  thus :  *'Put 
not,  Man,  m  living  every  care,  spend- 
ing in  dress  or  other  things  aa  frail,  a& 


501 


ill  the  end  he  who  is  born  descends  into 
the  grave."     The  author  of  this  dealffn, 
which  is  treated  with  considerable  skdl, 
has  recorded  his  name  thus :  ''  Per  me, 
Christophero  Bertello,"  and  it  is  cer- 
tainly superior  to  other  instances  of 
the  kind  that  have  fidlen  under  my 
ob.-^ervation.     The  incidents  of  Death 
and  Hell  in  the  above  belong  also  to 
the  Greek  Guide,  and  it  serves  to  show 
how  catholic  has  been  the  treatment  of 
the  subject,  and  how  powerful  the  tra- 
dition.   For,  although  tbeditTerent  ex- 
amples show  a  considerable  variation 
from  each  other,  yet  a  common  thought 
governs  all.     Some  arc  more  compre- 
hensive than    others,  niiore   select   in 
their  details,   and   possessing  greater 
dramatic  power,  according  perhaps  to 
the  genius   or  taste  of  the  designer, 
but  in  all  one  view  is  always  kept  in 
sight,  whatever  variations  there  may 
be.     The  last  example  is  brought  down 
to   the  commencement  of  a  new  ei"a 
pregnant  with  changes.    The  invention 
of  printing  had  begun  to  render  books 
a  necessity,  where  before  they  were  a 
luxury,   and    a   most   expensive   one. 
They  were  no  longer  con  lined  to  the 
clerk ;  but   the  laic,  accustomed  to  a 
sort  of  hieroglyphic  language  addressed 
only  to  the  eye,  was  now  tripping  on 
the  heels  of  the  ecclesiastic,  and  as- 
serting his  eijual  right  of  knowledge. 
In  intelligent  communities,  therefore, 
particularly  those  ivhere  civil  freedom 
had  nmdc  advances,  teaching  by  means 
of  pictures  fell  into  disrepute.     The 
*'  Dance  of  Death*'  was  about  the  lust 
expiring  eflbrt  of  the  system,  and  that 
was  as  much  of  a  satire  as  a  relijgious 
morality.     But  lu  countries  unintlu- 
enced  by  the  Reformation,  or  by  the 
free  spirit  that  walked  hand-in -hand 
by  its  ?iiJe,  the  old  system  continued, 
almost  unchanged, — and  indeed  in  some 
sort  still  prevaib ;   and,  as  regards  this 
particular   subject   under   notice,   M. 
Didron  hhows  that  it  yet  forms  a  po- 
pulju*  print  in  the  cottages  of  the  pea- 
santry in  some  parts  of  France.     This 
is  a  jMtrticuiarly  interesting  fact ;  and 
tlie  variations  are  so  curious  that  I  give 
the  entire  account  published  by  that 
writer : — 

We  have  all  seen  in  our  vitlag^t,  ap- 
pended to  the  waUi  of  the  houses  of  our 
vioe-dretaero  and  labourem,  a  gross  image, 
engraved  and  coloured  at  Epioal^  repre- 


m 


502 


A  Siography. 


CM.y, 


senting  stepi,  or  rather  stairs,  having  a 
double  flight.  On  each  stage  of  this  double 
staircase  ascends  on  the  right  and  descends 
upon  the  left  a  couple,  uniformly  com- 
posed of  a  man  and  a  woman,  holding  by 
the  arms,  as  if  mutually  aiding  each  other 
in  the  course  of  life.  Quite  below,  under 
a  slope  of  the  stairs,  two  new.bom  babes 
sleep  in  a  cradle ;  they  are  not  yet  awakened 
to  exterior  life,  or  relation  to  it.  A  very 
little  boy  and  a  very  little  girl,  amusing 
themselves  with  the  games  of  their  age, 
touch  the  first  degree  of  the  flight  on  the 
right.  On  the  second  grade,  a  youth  of 
twenty  years  offers  flowers  to  a  young  girl, 
who  receives  them  blushing.  On  the  third, 
a  man  of  thirty  years  regards  with  affection 
his  first-born,  whom  his  young  wife  holds 
in  her  arms.  On  the  fourth,  we  have  forty 
years  ;  the  man,  ten  years  previous  an 
officer,  is  now  become  general ;  the  wife 
has  brought  up  her  family,  and  thinks  of 
enjoying  the  last  good  days  which  remain 
to  her.  At  fifty  years  one  is  at  the  height 
of  life,  of  happiness,  and  fortune.  Man  is 
above,  one  hand  in  his  vest  as  a  parlia- 
mentary orator,  and  the  wife  returns  from 
church  with  a  book  of  Hours  under  her 
arm.  They  seek  to  stop  themselves  :  but 
they  are  carried  away  by  the  course  of  life, 
and  it  makes  them  descend  the  fatal  flight, 
the  descent  of  the  left.  They  are  already 
on  the  decline  of  tlieir  days.  The  man 
and  woman  make  a  stop  regretfully  at  at- 
taining sixty  years.  Ten  years  later  one 
is  at  the  age  of  decay  :  the  back  bent,  and 
the  long  staff  in  the  hand  to  sustain  steps 
already  very  uncertain.  At  seventy  years 
it  is  the  decayed  age :  spectacles  are  wanted 
to  see,  a  staff  to  walk,  furs  to  take  place 
of  the  natural  heat  which  is  gone.  At 
last,  at  ninety  years,  we  can  no  more  ad- 
vance but  on  crutches ;  the  great-coat  and 
the  heavy  vestments  make  a  sad  contrast 
with  the  light  dresses  which  frivolous 
youth  wears  on  the  opposite  flight.  Yet 
a  step  more,  and  we  attain  the  extreme 


age.  Death  ii  there,  hie  ioytlie  on  Ui 
shoulder.  He  goes  to  cat  away  the  rear 
nant  of  life  yrhich  is  yet  feebly  retained  in 
the  world  by  this  old  man  and  hU  old  wife. 

In  this  are  many  curioufl  points 
adapted  to  the  life  and  traditionB  of  the 
French  peasant,  yet  retaiiungmuch  of 
the  old  medieval  thought.  The  lover 
is  prettily  told;  the  young  man  and 
soldier  becoming  a  general,  aeems  as  if 
the  genius  of  the  Empire  or  RepuUic 
had  swayed  the  designer  to  accommo- 
date the  old  idea  to  present  circum- 
stances ;  and  the  parliamentary  orator 
is  evidently  an  innovation  to  agree  with 
modern  ideas  more  recent  even  than 
the  Empire,  but  now  not  much  of  a 
truth.  Tbe  general  resemblance  of 
the  design  in  thought  and  disposition 
to  the  older  types  is  very  interesting, 
as  showing  the  evident  connection  b^ 
tween  them ;  while  the  idea  of  i 
ciating  man  and  woman  together 
not  without  some  beauty,  though  i 
homely  and  leM  abstract.  It  is  the 
view  of  life,  with  its  phases  and  its 
ambitions,  which  might  reasonably  pre- 
sent themselves  to  a  French  peasant; 
and  the  boy  and  g^rl  of  the  village 
marching  onward  together  throughout 
life  is  not  an  unnatural  idea. 

It  would  not  be  difficult  to  extend 
the  illustration  of  this  subject  still  fur- 
ther ;  but  the  above  sketch  suffices  to 
show  how  one  thought  was  worked 
upon  by  different  minds,  producing 
varieties  even  when  under  the  influ- 
ence of  conventional  rules.  The  idea 
has  been  traced  to  the  earliest  periods 
of  history,  and,  modified  by  circum- 
stances, still  teaches  the  moral  of  life 
to  the  illiterate  peasant  of  a  neigh- 
bouring state. 


A  BIOGRAPHY. 


lie  was  bom  in  sweet  September,  when  the  morning  skies  were  bright, 
And  the  moon*s  unclouded  splendour  filled  th*  o*er-arching  vault  by  night ; 
When  the  autumn  breezes  steady  came  across  the  Western  main. 
And  the  yellow  fields  waved  ready  in  their  wealth  of  golden  grain. 

He  was  nursed  where  Dalriada^s  hoary  cliffs  overlook  the  wave, 
And  he  loved  its  wolds  and  meadows,  every  creek  and  haunted  caTa, 


1853.] 


A  Siograph^. 


5QZ 


From  the  strand  where  Buabli*  waters  mingle  witb  tlie  crjital  ti^e. 

To  the  heights  wher^  Gljtin's  fair  daughters  dance  on  wtLd  GleofLrtfiTs  side.'* 

Oft  he  be&rd;  the  heath-cock  crowing  m  the  morning's  glorious  primsi 
Where  the  muirlond  strmm  was  flowing,  ntjd  the  wild  bee  wooed  the  thyme ; 
Oft  at  eve,  m  musing  wonder,  listened  to  the  spring- tide  roar 
Of  the  waves  that  break  in  tharsder  far  on  Bdle-an-tuaid  shore.l 

In  the  dream  of  life  what  changes  I    Now  his  sehoolboj  dnjs  ar@  pais'd; 
He  has  left  these  mountain- ranges  and  our  green,  glad  vales  at  lait. 
He  has  sought  the  dingy  college  and  the  city's  dreary  gtare,^ — 
Hiving  up  utihealthy  knowledge^  nursing  unavEiling  eare. 

Oh,  the  vain  and  worthless  laurels  that  udornM  hi^  aching  head ! 
Oh,  the  wordy  books  on  morida  that  the  pale-faced  student  read  I 
Never  m^^re  the  woodland  voices  whiiper*d  in  his  longing  ear^ — 
Still  his  own  loved  stream  rejoices,  hut  he  is  no  longer  here. 

Now  the  throstle's  notes  are  ringing  in  Dniim'meerue*5  hnjccl  glen,| 
And  we  hail  the  swallows  bringing  sunmier  o'er  the  waves  again. 
Grandly  now  old  Dalriada  stretches  to  the  winding  shore^ 
But  in  glen  I  or  bay,  or  meadow,  w'e  shall  see  his  face  no  more  1 


^  The  weli^knawn  Insh  qtiatrain  tranatiiitted  hy  H&adal  M'Donnell  to  Arehhlahop 
Uaher  descnbei  the  eiCent  of  Dal-Riada  from  east  to  west  i — 

From  the  BQaish  (Bash)  which  flocks  fij  DT«ri 
Uoto  the  Cross  of  Glcnfiiincaglit^ 
Eitead^  Dd-Riada  of  aiibdivijaiozuij 
Aj  all  who  know  the  Uod  can  tell. 

trifnoriffh  one  of  the  eight  gleni  of  Antrim.  We  woald  sa^j^eet  the  addition  of  a 
niath,  as  the  gteu  which  BtrEtcbes  along  the  Qortherzi  base  of  Knockkyd^  from  Bally- 
coitle  to  Armof}  Is  equal  to  any  of  the  others  m  picturesque  beauty,  aad  certAial^ 
superior  in  the  ettractious  which  it  ofTera  to  aDtiqaaries  tiad  prehistoric  people.  In  old 
time*  this  lait  rtinked  mth  tbe  other  gleai^r  and  fortned  the  nmtb.  Aa  n  proof*  we 
naa|  mention  a  iaying  still  quite  cotmnon  m  that  dbtrtet ;  whea  auy  rumour  drcidatei 
widely r  it  la  ^aid  to  t^  beard  ^'  over  the  nine  glens*' ^  The  names  of  (he  oth^r  f  lena^  or 
glyntiSf  are— GleDarm,  Glendoj,  GlenbaUyc^moa,  Gleoaan,  Gleoeorp,  G  lead  an  |  a(i4 
(last  and  j^reateat  in  historical  associAtiou^)  Glecuhe^k, 

t  Buii^-an-tuaidt  Bttiliniop,  fenerally  translat«d  -*  tow  a  in  the  nortb/'  but  perhapi 
mors  properly  '^  rnjiUary  atation  or  forttded  resldetice  in  th@  north/'  There  wu  no 
town,  aCHctly  spetikiDgr  at  fiallintoyt  hut  there  waa  a  strong  atone  cattle  formerlfr 
which  itood  at  a  little  distance  west  from  the  preseol  filiugc^  [Qa,  U  not  the  word 
iuoid  the  aame  with  the  Welsh  t^itod^  sigtiifyiog  *'  sand  ?  '*     EniT-] 

X  Drtiim-memie  h  a  townlaod  in  the  parish  of  Ramoan,  It  contains  the  mios  of  an 
ancient  act;  leal  aa  ileal  ediJiee,  Dr.  Reeves  tbinka  that  "  this  church  was  fery  probjihly 
the  *  Eccle^ift  de  Dmim-Indich '  wbieh  the  Tripartite  Life  of  St*  Patrick  states  to  hare 
been  founded  by  him  in  the  region  of  Cathrigia  (Carey),  and  to  have  befen  placed  under 
the  care  of  St.  Ensu/'  This  opinion  ia  certainly  very  much  atrengthened  by  the  fact 
that  the  local  designaLion  of  the  place,  even  to  tUk  daj^  is  Kili-Enan^  It  la  not  easj 
to  accQUDt  fur  the  traditional  miatike  whidi  deilgnatca  the  ruin  as  Gohan  Saer^s  Castla, 
There  was  formerly  a  caatle  or  fort,  In  the  immediate  Ticimty  of  Kill -Enan»  called 
Caislen-na-Carragh,  '*tbc  caatle  on  the  rugged  height/'  which  may  have  been  known 
as  Goban  Saer's  Ca^tte^  When  it  disnppearedt  it  la  not  improbable  that  the  name  wtt 
transferred  to  the  ecdesiastical  ruin  of  Druiia*Indiehi 


504 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

Gravestone  of  "  Dame  Joan  "  at  Wliite  Ladies,  Shropubire— Tower  Boyal— Romdand— Daaotat  of  tht 
Manor  of  Stottesden,  Salop— On  supposed  Showers  and  Springs  of  Blood— St.  JaiiMS'a  Piark. 


Gravestone  of  "  Dame  Joan  "  at  White  Ladies,  Shropbhikb. 


Mr.  Urban, — I  have  the  pleasure  of 
communicating  to  you  a  very  interesting 
account  of  the  destruction  and  restoration 
of  Dame  Joan's  headstone  in  the  ruins  of 
the  priory  church  at  White  Ladies,  with 
which  I  have  been  furnished  by  the  Vicar 
of  Bolney. 

Yours,  &c.        Beriah  Botfield. 

Norton  Hall. 

Memoranda    of    the    Headstone    of 
*'  Dame  Joan,"  the  wife  of  William 
Pendrell,  buried  within  the  walls  of 
the  ruinated  church  of  the  "  White 
Ladies,''    near   Boscobel,  which    is 
extra-parochial  to  Donington,  in  the 
county  of  Salop. 
In    the    Gentleman*s   Magazine*    for 
1809,  p.  809,  Mr.  David  Parkes,  of  Shrews- 
bury, exhibits  a  view  taken  in  July,  1807, 
of  a  small  headstone  at  the  White  Ladies, 
which  bore  the  following  inscription  : 

Here  lyeth 

The  Bodie  of  A  Friende 

The  King  did  caLL 

Dame  Joanc. 

But  Now  shee  is 

Deceast  and  Gone 

Interr'd  Anno :  Do. 

1669. 

The  headstone  and  the  inscription  I  saw 
and  read  about  the  year  1807,  whilst  on  a 
visit  at  Kilsall,  in  the  parish  of  Doning- 
ton, where  I  often  passed  a  part  of  my 
vacations  on  my  way  to  and  from  Oxford. 
The  stone  stood  on  the  north  side  of  the 
ruins  within  the  chancel  of  the  chapel,  on 
the  left  as  you  entered  the  chancel  door. 

When,  however,  I  became  Curate  of 
Donington  in  the  year  1811,  it  had  dis- 
appeared, and  I  well  remember  how  dis- 
concerted I  felt,  upon  lionizing  a  bridal 
party  to  the  White  Ladies,  to  find  that 
•*  the  place  thereof  knew  it  no  more,**  and 
how  I  was  further  annoyed  by  a  young 

lady  of  the  company,  Miss  B ,  who 

declared  that  it  never  had  stood  near  the 
chancel  door,  but  in  the  middle  of  the 
nave  ;  nay,  she  undertook  to  direct  me  to 
the  spot,  which  I  had  some  difficulty  in 


reaching,  as,  besides  that  elder  and  other 
bushes  were  flourishing  there,  I  was  eoa- 
pelled  to  beat  do?m  a  Inxiiriant  crop  of 
nettles  and  other  weeds  ere  the  party  oooU 
approach  the  place  our  mia-informaiit  had 
pointed  out,  and  then  it  tamed  oat»  at  I 
knew  it  would.  There  was  indeed  a  head- 
stone, but  of  a  later  date  than  Dame 
Joan's,  by  a  century  or  so. 

I  made  frequent  inquiries  afterwarda,  at 
intervals,  of  the  cottagers  and  others  as  to 
the  disappearance  of  the  monoment,  bat 
without  obtaioing  any  satisfactory  infonni- 
tion. 

Many  had  seen,  and  remembered  it  wall, 
but  they  all  gave  it  as  their  opinion  that  it 
had  been  broken  down  by  some  of  the 
cattle  of  Mr.  Lockley,  who  at  that  tiaw 
occupied  the  united  farms  of  Boscobel  and 
White  Ladies,  and  whose  cows  and  hoiws 
had  free  entrance  into  the  chapel  from  the 
meadow  in  which  it  stands. 

I  was  far  from  agreeing;  with  this  sup- 
position, for  if  the  headstone  had  been  thss 
broken  down,  the  fragments  wonld  liaTe 
remained,  and  I  searched  for  them  in  Tain; 
and  often  in  subsequent  Yisits  to  the  plaee 
1  have  lamented  the  loss  of  what  I  thought 
an  interesting  relic,  connected  as  it  was 
with  the  history  of  the  tronbloos  times  of 
England,  and  commemoratiTe  of  the  poor 
but  honest  family  who  had  sheltered  thdr 
outcast  Sovereign  in  his  eztremest  need. 

More  than  twenty-five  years  passed 
away  since  I  first  mined  the  headstone, 
when,  about  the  year  1837-8,  in  company 
with  a  relative  from  Luioaahire,  to  shew 
him  the  Royal  Oak,  Boscobel  Uonae,  and 
the  White  Ladles*  ruins,  I  fonnd  at  the 
latter  place  several  masons  and  labourers 
at  work  repairing  the  outer  walls  (so  far  at 
least  as  to  prevent  any  entrance  into  the 
chapel  except  through  the  Norman  door- 
way at  the  north-west  angle),  IcTdling  tiie 
turf,  and  bringing  to  light  several  grafe- 
stones  which  had  lain  flat  on  the  gronnd, 
and  had  been  concealed,  some  probably 
more  than  two  centuries,  others  for  a 
shorter  space  of  time,  with  decomposed 
vegetation  and  sods  which  spread  rapidly 
over  such  mementos  in  so  neglected  a  spot. 
I  at  once  inquired  of  one  of  the  workmen 


*  In  the  last  edition  of  Blount's  Boscobel,  p.  56,  reference  is  made  to  a  former 
volume  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  that  for  1792  at  p.  893,  where  Mr.  Farkes  had 
before  given  a  copy  of  the  inscription,  with  a  very  slight  sketch  of  the  stone.     In  the 
Magazine  for  1809  the  stone  is  carefully  represented. 
6 


Jovreifpondenee  qfS^ivanns  Uvhntu 


I 


wliom  I  happened  to  know  (Colluy  by 
iiume),  **  if  he  rej numbered  where  olil  Dame 
Jonii'ft  beaibtone  stood/'  when  be  tokl  mc 
'*  that  he  bad  dug  up  the  lower  part  of  a 
headstone  abont  the  verj'  place,  and  had 
(aid  it  enrc fully  aside,  as  it  had  a  few  letters 
upon  it/'  lie  shewed  it  to  me,  and  on 
iuspectiora  1  fdt  sali>(ied  that  it  wai^  a 
lemiiant  of  ibc  stoiic  tbat  liad  marked  the 
gocHl  Dame's  grave.  Why  1  had  not  dis- 
covered it  before^  aro«e|  I  concludcsr  from 
tht^re  having  been  ij^r^^es  OfKStiet!  for  the 
intermeut  of  some  of  Uie  Romflu  Catholics 
in  the  neighbourhood,  juicl  the  soil  thrown 
o?er  the  fragiiieut.  The  piece  of  stone 
found  retained  the  letters — 
Anno  D« 
1G69, 

HuTing  btcly  dipped  into  **Blount*s 
Bosvobd/'  and  oowobfcrTing  (in  addition 
to  the  evidence  afforded  by  the  &pot  where 
tbiji  relic  was  discovered)  the  correspond- 
ing dutCi  and  the  rather  unuinal  (I  believe) 
abbreviation  "  Du  "  for  Domini,  which  on 
moat  monumeatji  is  Dom:  or  Doi,.  or  the 
monogram  D., — I  liad  not  any  doubt  on 
thegubjcct ;  aod  deBjredColley  to  take  care 
of  the  fragmeut  and  to  inform  Mr.  Rich- 
mond (LliG  then  priest  at  the  Black  Ladies 
under  whose  direction  the  repairs  were 
going  on)f  when  be  came  to  ine«pect  the 
work — with  my  compliments — that  it  was 
a  portion  of  Dome  Joan's  headstone. 

On  my  return  home  I  referred  to  the 
note  in  lllotint's  Boacobelt  and  was,  if 
possible ,^  ijtrengthened  in  my  eanviction  of 
its  identity. 

Tbc  fate  of  this  fragment  was  singular. 
Colley,  as  de^airedt  laid  it  carefully  (and 
wi  he  thought) securely  by  :  at  dinner-time 
he  took  his  wallet  into  the  meadow  to  eat 
bis  uoonlidemeat  there — the  masons  eithiT 
remained  in  tlie  chapel  or  were  quicker  at 
their  ImncUj  however,  they  returned  to 
tin^r  work  before  he  did,  and  ^heu  he  came 
bttck  the  gtono  was  gone  *  tbcy  had  broken 
it  into  small  pieces  and  mixed  it  with 
mortar,  to  pUce  on  the  top  of  the  wall 
which  now  iilU  up  the  lower  portion  of 
(he  handsome  Normaii  arch  of  the  north 
traussppt. 

Il.id  1  not  tbuH  accidentally  fallen  in 
with  this  remnant  of  llame  Joan's  bead- 
stoi»c,  I  II tight  poss»]bty  have  been  inehncd 
to  entertain  the  idea  ei pressed  in  a  note 
of  ouc  of  llic  Eoicobel  Tracts — a  collec- 
tion in  octavo,  with  which  I  had  but  lately 
become  acquainted — "  tbat  the  headstone 
bad  foQud  its  way  into  lliC  wwseiim  of 
some  antiquary/"  though  its  removal  mutt 
hnve  been  attended  with  considerable 
trouble  ;  aud  nothing  can  be  well  con- 
ceived more  absurd  than  its  abstraction 
from  the  place  wbich  alone  gave  It  any 
interests     But  the  discovery  of  Uie  fHl^- 

GifNT.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


mcDt  in  question  t>hcwed  that  tbia  was  not 
the  CQSCf  for  if  any  collector  of  ponderouH 
eitriosifies  bad  been  the  depredator,  be 
would  have  Iiad  the  sense  to  assure  him- 
Eelf  tbat  he  had  taken  the  entire  atone,  and 
not  have  left  behuid  the  portion  containing 
the  date. 

Another  period  of  seven  or  eij^bt  ycara 
wore  on,  und  in  this  interval  I  bad  the  sad 
satisfaction,  however  triflingf  of  pointtnt; 
out  to  all  who  inquired  after  Dame  Joai/a 
headstone,  the  spot  where  its  last  remains 
were  imbedded  in  mortar.. 

1  was  fortunate  enough  also  to  discover 
tlic  octagon  stone  table,  which  apjuears  in 
the  old  engraving  of  Boscobcl  ItLmse  and 
the  Royal  Oak.  It  is  now  in  two  portions ; 
one  of  wbii:h  forms  (he  threshold  of  Bos- 
cob  el  House,  the  other  forms  the  np^wr 
step  at  the  wtckct  at  the  end  of  the  path 
which  leads  from  the  said  threi^hold  unto 
the  pasture  field  before  the  house  in  wliich 
stands  the  oak. 

I  bad  also  the  luck  to  trace  out  an  old 
millstone,  which  had  been  mentioned  to 
me  as  having  lain  *■"  time  out  of  mind'' 
near  the  site  of  ttie  mill  of  Humphrey  Pcn- 
drell— one  of  the  tivc  loyal  brothers-bnt 
wbich  bad  nt^Si^r  fallen  under  my  notice. 
Richard  Radford,  an  old  blacksmiili  at 
Sbakcrlcj  in  the  parish,  affirmed  tbat  **  he 
bad  seen  it  there  not  ao  many  year*  ago.'' 
On  this  hint  !  examined  the  spott  but  no 
veslige  of  tbc  inilbtonc  was  to  be  found 
**  under  the  big  oak  in  the  mill  mciidow,^* 
as  he  described  it,  and  it  is  siEl  ho  called, 
though  there  is  not  now  a  Irace  of  tbc  mill| 
or  its.{}ond,  or  pool,  remaining. 

It  struck  mc  thot  the  stone  might  have 
been  used  for  some  pnqiose  in  or  about 
the  house  called  the  White  Ijidlc-s  farm- 
house, built  about  the  year  18 14,  and  upon 
inquiring  of  the  mason  fmployed  on  that 
occnaior*,  after  some  rreullection  be  well 
remembered  that  it  was  brought  from  the 
meadow  and  placed  as  a  cover  over  the 
gratiog  of  a  sough  or  drain  which  carries 
the  superabundant  water  from  ihe  fold- 
yard,  and  there,  sure  enovigh,  1  found  it 
the  day  following,  buried  in  straw  and 
manure,  and  perhaps  it  does  nut  see  the 
hgbt  for  a  month  in  each  year. 

In  one  of  my  colloquies  with  the  old 
blacksmith,  the  name  of  a  eick  parishioner, 
Martha  Willock,  was  mentioned,  and  be 
chanced  to  remark  that  ho  had  known 
'^  Matty  and  her  husband  many  yearsi  for 
they  lived  at  the  White  Lady  Chapel  be- 
fore  he  did/'  1  observed  to  him  that 
♦*  that  could  not  be,  as  the  WiUocks  had 
only  come  into  tbc  parish  abont  fire- and' 
twenty  years  since,  and  lived  at  Neacbley 
near  tbc  Brook,  the  husband  being  sbt-ji- 
herd  to  Mr.  George  Bishtoo/' adding  "that 
the  cottage  at  tlie  White  Ladies  had  bee  a 
3T 


506 


Coirespondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban* 


[May, 


pulled  down  more  than  thirty  years  ago." 
"That's  very  true,  Mr.  Dale,"  said  he, 
"  but  please  to  hear  me :  the  Willocks  left 
the  White  Ladies  above  thirty  years  ago, 
for  Mr.  George  Bishton  sent  all  of  them 
off  to  the  other  side  of  Shrewsbury,  to  his 
farm  at  Wallop  in  the  Forest  there,  and 
there  they  stopped  I  do  not  know  how 
many  years,  but  it  was  a  good  while  before 
they  came  back  again/' 

Here,  thought  I,  is  a  possible  chance  of 
my  learning  somewhat  of  the  mysterious 
disappearance  of  Dame  Joan's  headstone  ; 
and  I  lost  no  time  in  calling  upon  old 
Martha  (since  deceased)  and  found  Rad- 
ford's account  correct.  As  he  stated,  she 
had  lived  with  her  husband  and  children 
for  some  years  at  the  White  Ladies.  (The 
cottage  in  which  they  lived  had  been  run 
up  by  the  late  Mr.  Lockley,  the  tenant  of 
Boscobel,  for  the  accommodation  of  his 
nephew  and  two  nieces  of  the  name  of 
Handford,  or  rather  had  been  converted 
from  a  stable  or  shed,  with  the  materials 
of  some  old  buildings  hard  by,  into  a  tole- 
rably convenient  residence.  The  Hand- 
fords,  however,  did  not  remain  there  long, 
and  it  was  tenanted  successively  by  la- 
bourers, and  amongst  otliers  by  the  Wil- 
locks  and  the  old  Blacksmith.) 

To  my  inquiries  Martha  said  **  she  re- 
membered Dame  Joan's  headstone  very 
well ;  that  strangers  and  gentlefolks  who 
came  to  the  ruins  noticed  it  much,  and 
that  once  she  lent  one  of  them  a  knife  to 
scrape  the  moss  out  of  the  letters,  whilst 
another  wrote  them  down  in  a  little  book, 
and  said  how  glad  their  friends  at  home 
would  be  to  read  them."  "  Well,"  said  I, 
"  it  is  gone  long  ago.  Do  you  know  what 
became  of  it ?"  "To  be  sure  I  do,  sir. 
Tt  was  broken  all  to  pieces  by  Molly 
Stocking.  I  saw  it  with  my  own  eyes.'' 
"  How  did  this  happen,  Martha  ?"  "If 
you'll  listen  to  me,  sir,  I'll  tell  you  all 
about  it.  Molly  was  servant  at  the  Meese 
Hill  farm  (about  half  a  mile  off,  in  Tong 
parish).  She  often  came  down  to  the 
White  Ladies,  for  a  woman  from  Albrigh- 
ton  used  now  and  then  to  bring  Molly's 
young  child  to  see  her.  Well,  one  day 
after  harvest  she  came  down — not  to  see 
the  child  though — but  she  came  into  the 
house,  and,  after  talking  a- bit,  she  said, 

*  Martha,  will  you  lend  me  your  axe  ?' 

*  Yes,  Molly,'  says  I,  *  you're  welcome  to 
it,  but  bring  it  me  again  ;'  and  she  went 
out  with  it,  and  in  less  than  a  minute  I 
heard  a  knocking  in  the  Chapel,  and  I 
thought  Vi\  go  and  see  what  she  was  about, 
and  if  you'll  believe  me,  there  she  was, 
knocking  the  stone  all  to  pieces  !  *  Why, 
gracious  !  Molly,'  says  I,  '  what  are  you 
a- doing?  Do  you  know  that  you've  de- 
stroyed the  tombstone  of  my  Lady  Dame 


Joan,  who  brought  the  King  to  hig  throne?* 
It  gave  me  quite  a  turn  to  lee  what  dw 
had  done."  *<And  pray,  BCn.  Willock, 
what  did  she  lay?''  "Why,  ehe  uid, 
'  Well,  it  cannot  be  helped  now,  if  it  is  Ms 
and  whether  it's  Lady  joan'i  or  Lady  tny 
body  else's,  I  must  have  aome  atoaea  to 
scour  the  floors  well  at  the  Meeie  HHI,  Ibr 
my  missus  '  lies-in  before  Chriiimaa,  and 
she'll  have  the  house  well  dMned  from 
top  to  bottom  before  then,'  and  she  hepxi 
to  fill  her  brat  with  the  broken  pieoei.  I 
remember,"  said  Martha,  "  it  waa  aa  beaa- 
tiful  sparkling  bright-colonred  atone  u 
ever  I  saw.  She  aaked  Nanny  Shingler, 
who  was  standing  by,  to  help  her,  bat 
Nanny — (she  was  a  Catholic  yon  know) 
said  she  would  not  touch  a  piece  of  it  for 
the  whole  world." 

I  then  inquired  if  the  conld  tell  ma 
about  what  year  all  this  happened,  and  ahe 
at  once  satisfied  me  on  that  point  from  the 
best  of  Cottage  Mother'i  Chronicles— the 
birth  of  her  children,  saying,  "  It  waa  at 
or  soon  after  Michaelmas  that  we  Idft  the 
White  Ladies,  and  Elixa  waa  born  at  the 
Forest  in  the  next  year  ;  beaidea  Sir,  hcre^ 
the  Bible  with  all  thdr  namea  and  ages 
written  down."  I  examined  the  Ikmflj 
birth-roll  and  found  "  Eliaa,  Angost  II, 
1808." 

And  thus  after  thirty-fiTO  years'  on- 
certainty  as  to  the  cause  of  the  disappear- 
ance of  Dame  Joan*8  headstone,  it  waa  from 
an  accidental  word  dropped  by  old  Richard 
Radford,  that  I  at  length  became  cog- 
nizant of  its  violent  and  untimely  fate  by 
the  rude  hands  of  a  thoughtless  serrant- 
woman. 

Had  I  been  aware,  when  the  Willed 
returned  to  the  parish,  that  they  had  erer 
lived  at  the  White  Ladies,  the  suspense  of 
my  little  antiquarian  research  might  have 
had  an  earlier  tcrmination—by  a  quarter 
of  a  century.  J.  Da  lb, 

Curate  of  Donington,  Salop. 

Albriffhton,  June,  1849. 

P.S  — Several  persons  having  expressed 
a  wish  that  the  memorial  of  Dame  Joan 
should  be  restored,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jones, 
R.C.  priest  of  Breewood,  who  has  chaige 
of  the  burying-ground  within  the  walls  of 
the  White  Ladies'  Chapel,  having  given 
his  consent,  a  subscription  was  entered 
into,  headed  by  a  member  of  the  "  Roz- 
burghe  Club,"  and,  during  the  last  summer, 
a  fac-simile  of  the  demolished  headstone, 
with  its  quaint  inscription,  waa  ^>oed  In 
statu  quo,  J.  Dalb. 

Bolney  Vicarage,  near  CmeiflM^ 
"ith  March,  1853. 

Note, — Before  closing  this  subject  the 
reader  may  be  ghid  to  be  informed  more  spe* 
cifically  who  **  Dame  Joan"  aotuaUy  waa, 


1853.] 


CorrsspontiencB  of  Si/hmntL^  ITrhan 


She  was  the  wife  of  William  PcndrcD^ 
one  of  the  five  hrethren  who  at  the  time 
of  the  King's  escape  lived  at  Bo§cob@1p 
then  rtither  a  new  house,  Tn  the  Hurleian 
Mifl««:Uanjr  (Svo.  edit.  ISIO^  vol,  d,  p. 
251)  It  will  be  neen  that  WiJlittrn's  wife 
**  stripped  off  the  etockingii,  cut  the  blis- 
ters, and  washed  the  feet  of  the  King  " 
after  hi  a  night  march  from  Madely  iti 
company  with  Richard  Pendrell  (p.  251)  j 
nnd  that  whilst  the  King  and  Colonel 
CflreleBs  were  in  the  Oak^  *'  William  and 
hia  wife  Joan  "  were  on  the  watch,  "  still 
peaking  np  and  down^  and  »he  eonimoDlj 
near  the  place  with  a  nut- hook  m  her 
handj  gathering  of  sticks''  (p-  359};  and 
when  Charles  awoke  from  his  nap  m  the 
Oak  * '  very  hyngry,  and  wiebed  he  hsd 


aoBiething  to  eat^  the  Colonel  pi  ticked  <^ul 
of  his  pocket  n  gnod  lanclieon  of  bread 
and  cheese,  which  jE>au  Pendrell  had  given 
him  for  pro  van  t  that  day/* 

We  Sire  unite  dis^^atls^ed  with  the  Cnl- 
lector  of  the  Boscobel  TTacta  for  having 
spoken  di^parrtgingfly  of  the  tract  from 
which  we  make  these  (juotatiotiSp  and 
having  omltteil  it  frotn  his  collection  ;  for 
tn  many  respects  it  is  hf  far  the  most 
genufne  a  ceo  tint  of  all  that  took  place  at 
the  White  Ladies  and  Boscobel  There 
are  the  names  of  nine  or  ten  familki^  still 
remaining  in  low  life  in  the  neighbour- 
hood— -Qnd  the  *■  hurdenor  noggen -shirt  " 
and  the  **  broom -hook  "  arc  provinciBl 
terms  thereabouti 

J.  D. 


TowmB  Royal* 


Ma,  UrbaNi— The  street  called  Tower 
Royal,  or  rather  what  remains  of  it^  is  a 
narrow  street  rnnuing  north  and  south 
from  Watling  Street  (opposite  the  church 
of  St.  Michael  Royal),  Into  the  new  street 
called  Cannon  Street  West.  It  has  been 
nouch  curtailed  by  the  metropolitan  im- 
provements *  in  that  quarter,  and  it  is  by 
no  mcAns  improbable  that  the  eitensiounf 
the  alterations  DOw  in  progress  will  shortly 
cause  the  demolition  of  the  remaining  por- 
tion. Upon  this  T  found  mjf  opology  for 
tlie  observutions  1  have  to  make  upon  the 
following  passage  in  Stowe*s  Survay*  tit* 
YiJ^Tity  W ABO,  where  in  reference  to  the 
ancient  building  called  Tower  Royal,  whence 
the  present  street  derives  its  name,  occurs 
the  folio  wing  passage  : — 

'*  At  the  upper  end  of  this  street  ia  the 
Tower  Royallj  whereof  that  street  taketh 
name.  This  tower  and  great  place  was  bo 
called  of  pertaining  to  the  kings  of  this 
realm,  but  by  whom  the  same  was  flrBt 
built,  or  of  what  antiquity  continued,  I 
have  not  read,  more  than  that  In  the  reign 
of  Edward  L  the  ^nd,  4tb,  and  7th  years, 
it  was  the  tenement  of  Simon  Beawmes  ; 
also  that  in  the  36th  of  Edward  Til.  the 
same  was  called  The  Royall  in  the  pariah 
of  St^  Michael  de  Paternoster,  and  that  in 
the   13rd  of  Liis  reign   he  gave  it  by  the 


name  of  hi^  inn,  called  The  Royally  m  the 
City  of  London,  In  value  twenty  pounds 
by  year^  unto  hie  college  of  St.  Stephen 
at  Westminster ;  ntjtwifhBtanding  in  the 
reign  of  Richard  11,  it  was  called  the 
Queen's  Wardrobe^  as  appeareth  by  thta 
that  fotlnweth. 

"  King  Richard  having  in  Smithfield  over- 
come  and  dispersed  his  rebels,  he,  his  tordSi 
and  all  his  com  puny  entered  the  city  of 
London  with  great  joy,  and  went  to  the 
Lady  Princess  bis  mother,  who  was  then 
lodged  in  the  Tower  Royall,  called  the 
Queen ^s  wardrobe,  where  she  had  remained 
three  days  and  two  nightie  right  sore 
ahashcil  't  but  when  she  saw  the  King  her 
son  she  was  greatly  rejoiced,  and  said. 
Ah,  son  1  what  great  sorrow  have  I  suffered 
for  you  this  day  I  The  King  angwered  and 
said,  Certainly,  madam,  1  know  it  well; 
but  now  rejoice,  and  thaok  God^  for  I 
b&ve  this  day  recovered  mine  heritage  and 
the  realm  of  England,  which  1  had  near 
hand  lost. 

"  This  Tower  aeemeth  to  have  been  at 
that  time  of  good  defence  \  for,  when  tlie 
rebels  had  beset  the  Tower  of  London,  and 
got  possession  thereof,  taking  from  thence 
whom  they  listed,  as  in  my  Annals  1  have 
shewn,  the  Princess  being  forced  to  %, 
came  to  this  Tower  Royal,  where  she  wm 


*  An  Act,  1 1  and  12  Vict,  cap,  ci^btxi*  fur  widenittg  uid  improving  Cannou^^wirtfi, 
and  for  making  a  new  street  fmm  the  west  end  of  Cannon-street  to  Queen-i»treet,  and 
for  widening  and  improving  Queeu-itroett  and  for  effecting  other  improvementi  in  the 
city  of  London.  [22d  July,  IB410 

In  the  schedule  to  this  Act,  pp,  4,119,  4,11  JJ,  appear  the  following,  vli,  :^ 

12,  Tower  Royal  {east  side).  IS,  Tower  Royal  (east  iide)* 

13,  Ditto.  le.   "' 

14,  Ditto.  6. 
5.  Tower  Royal  Court  7» 
4,  Ditto,  8. 
3,  Ditto.  9. 
2.  Ditto.  10. 
L  Ditto. 


Ditto, 

Ditto  (wnat  a!dd)« 

Ditto. 

Ditto. 

Ditt^ 

Ditto. 


508 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


CMay, 


lodged  y  and  remained  safe,  as  ye  hare 
heard  ;  and  it  may  also  be  supposed  that 
the  King  himself  was  at  that  time  lodged 
there.  I  read  that  in  the  year  1386,  Lyon 
(Leon),  King  of  Armonie,  being  chased 
out  of  his  realm  by  the  Tartarians,  re- 
ceived innumerable  gifts  of  the  King  and 
of  his  nobles,  the  King  then  lying  in  the 
Royall,  where  he  also  granted  to  the  said 
King  of  Armouie  a  charter  of  a  thousand 
pounds  by  year  during  his  life.  This  for 
proof  may  suffice  that  Kings  of  England 
have  been  lodged  in  this  Tower,  though 
the  same  of  later  time  have  been  neglected 
and  turned  into  stabling  for  the  King's 
horses,  and  now  letten  out  to  divers  men, 
and  divided  into  tenements." 

Stowe  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
aware  that  the  building  known  as  the 
Queen's  Wardrobe  had  borne  that  appel- 
lation before  the  reign  of  Richard  II.  and 
that  such  wardrobe  was  first  appropriated 
to  the  use  of  King  Edward  the  Third's 
queen,  Philippa  of  Hainault,  the  grant 
to  whom  bears  date  22  Deer.  1330. 
The  enrolment  of  the  grant  upon  the 
Patent  Roll  *  seems  conclusive  upon  this 
point ;  for  the  King  thereby  granted 
to  Philippa,  Queen  of  England,  his  very 
dear  consort,  his  houses  with  the  appui*te- 
nances  in  the  Reolf  in  his  city  of  London, 
to  have  for  her  Wardrobe  for  the  term  of 
her  life,  saving  the  reversion  to  himself. 
Stowe,  whose  remarks  generally  convince 
the  antiquarian  reader  that  he  had  in- 
spected the  records  he  cites,  never  (I  am 
stronfcly  of  opinion)  could  have  seen  this 
record. 

The  grant  by  King  Edward  the  Third 
to  his  Queen  did  not  comprehend  all  the 
houses  that  he  possessed  in  "  la  Reol," 
for  in  the  38th  year  of  his  reign  he  granted 


out  a  tenement,  with  two  iihopt,  in  vieo  ie 
la  Ryoles\  and  next,  as  we  have  almdj 
seen,  he,  in  the  43rd  year  of  his  reig;n, 
A.  D.  1369,  granted  t  the  inn  called  Tkn 
Reole  to  his  newly  founded  College  or 
Free  Chapel  of  St.  Stephen  at  Westmin- 
ster, "  in  part  recompense  (for  so  are  the 
words  of  the  grant)  of  184/.  14t.  4d.  which 
the  college  were  wont  to  receive  yearly 
at  his  Exchequer  in  part  of  the  endow- 
ment of  the  chapel," — a  money  payment 
having  been  evidently  assigned  antil  a  suf- 
ficient endowment  in  lands  could  be  pro- 
vided. As  the  Exchequer  could  not,  at  any 
rate,  have  been  permanently  charged  with 
the  support  of  this  chspel  to  the  prejudice 
of  his  successor,  some  other  provision  §  was 
made  by  King  Edward's  will,  and  there- 
upon it  may  reasonably  be  inferred  that 
this  inn  called  The  Royal  was  resumed  by 
Richard  the  Second,  together  with  Queen 
Philippa's  Wardrobe,  for  it  is  evident  thst 
the  former  building  formed  no  part  of  the 
possessions  of  St.  Stephen's  Ch^piel  at  the 
time  of  its  dissolution  in  the  first  year  of 
King  Edward  the  Sixth;  in  fact,  sosse 
years  before  that  period  the  /over  csUed 
The  Royal  (and  it  is  to  be  recollected  that 
it  had  never  been  described  as  a  tower  in 
the  earlier  records)  was  holden  by  a  lay 
subject  of  the  crown  in  ea/nte,  namely,  by 
one  Thomas  Howe,  who  in  the  33rd  year 
of  King  Henry  the  Eighth  g  procured 
licence  to  alien  <*  T\irrim  Tocat'  le  Ryall," 
in  the  city  of  London,  to  HLicbsrd  May, 
citizen  and  merchant-taylor  of  Liondon, 
who  dying  seised  thereof,  99  April,  38th 
Henry  the  Eighth,  the  inquisition^  usually 
made  after  the  decease  of  all  tenants  in 
capite  was  taken,  wherein  this  building  is 
described  as  a  certain  tower  or  great 
messuage  called  The   Royall,    otherwise 


*  Pat.  4  Edw.  III.  p.  2,  m.  15. 

Pro  Ph'a  Reginfi )  R.  omnibus  ad  quos,  &c.  salutem ;  Sciatis  quod  dedimus  et  con- 
Angr.  (      cessimus  pro  nobis  et  heredib^  n''ris  Philipps  Keginn  Angl* 

Consorti  n'rse  carissimse  domus  n'ras  cum  pcrtin^  in  la  Reol  in  civitste  n'r&  Liondon 
habendum  pro  garderoba  sua  ad  terminum  vitse  suse  de  dono  n'ro :  Ita  quod  |iost 
mortem  ejusdem  Ph'ae  domus  predictae  cum  pcrtin'  ad  nos  et  heredes  n*ros  rever- 
tantur.     In  cujus,  6cc.    T.  R.  apud  Wcstm'  xxij^  die  Deer'.     Per  ipsum  Regem. 

t  Put.  38  Edw.  III.  p.  ^,  m.  1.  "  Rex  concessit  Roberto  de  Corby  in  feodo  unum 
tenementum  cum  duabus  shopis  in  vice  de  la  Ryole  Lond'  per  serricia  debita."  (Of- 
lendar.) 

X  Pat.  1  lien.  VI.  p.  5,  m.  27,  per  Inspeximus,  recit.  (inter  alia)  Cart.  43  Edw.  ill. 
** — unum  llospicium  cum  pertinentiis  vocatum  le  Reole  in  civitste  n'rA  London — 
tencnd'  de  nobis  et  heredibus  n'ris  per  servicia  de  cod'  Hospicio  sb  antiquo  debita  et 
consueta  imp'p'm,  et  in  valorem  xx^'.  per  annum." — Mon.  Anglicanum,  Ist  edit.  voL  iit 
p.  G3 ;  cd.  1830,  vol.  vi.  p.  1348. 

§  It  is  evident,  from  the  documents  given  in  the  Monasticon,  that  King  Edward 
the  Third  provided  for  St.  Stephen's  College  by  his  will  and  by  directions  given  to  his 
executors.— See  Mon.  Angl.  ed.  1830,  vi.  1348. 

II   Pat.  33  Hen.  VIII.  p.  5. 

^  Escaet.  38  Hen.  VI II.  No.  117  (Post  mortem  Ric'i  May).  ''  —  seisitns  die  quo 
vivus  et  mortuus  fuit  de  quodam  Turre  sivc  magno  messuagio  vocat*  Le  Mtopmli^  aVt 
di«t'  Le  Ill/all,  al's  diet'  Le  Tower  in  le  Royal/,  in  paroch'  S'c'i  ThomK  Ap'li/'  Ac. 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Sifivnnus  Urban, 


509 


The  RjalU  otberi^i&e  the  Tower  in  the 
Royall,  in  London^  in  the  parish  of  Saint 
Thcnna*  the  Apostle,  'u\  the  street  called 
The  Royjill,  in  the  ward  of  Cordwaitier, 
and  hoklen  nf  the  lord  the  King  by  the 
service  of  yielcUng  \^tL  by  the  year.  I 
also  lintl  thut  one  Thomea  Dunscomb'auh- 
sequently  In  the  MMh  Ehz.  obtained  a 
licence  lo  alien  the  tower  or  great  mes- 
suage calkd  The  Rynll,  otherwisae  Tower 
Roy  all,*  to  one  Riehard  Scales,  Lftter 
than  this  dnte  I  hove  not  discovered  any 
thing  farther  of  this  pLirc  of  ancient  re- 
gality. 

If  we  compare  dates  we  shall  find  that 
Queen  Philippa  died  \ly  Angiuit,  13G9; 
and  rhat  the  dote  of  Eduard  the  Third's 
grant  to  his  College  of  St.  vStepbeu  is  the 
10th  of  October  in  that  same  year,  viz.  in 
the  i'SrH  year  of  his  reign,  and  it  ap- 
pears highly  probable  that  the  Qiiee-ifs 
Wardrobe  was  tmrretcd  and  put  in  a  de- 
fensive Btate  during  the  period  of  Queen 
Fbihpjm's  or(!d|jation  of  it  as  her  ward- 
robe, so  that  the  iubsequent  descriptions 
of  "^^  La  Reole/'  **  Hoapitium  vocatiim  le 
Reole,"  and  *'  Tower  Ryyall/'  all  point  to 
one  and  the  name  edifice,  which  I  may 
onee  more  remark  was  not  in  earlier  tim,es» 
so  far  as  I  can  find,  described  as  a  Tower^ 
^indeed  Froiasart,  from  whom  Stowe  in 


every  probability  derived  bis  tufornDAlion^t 
after  relating  the  partieulars  of  Wat  Tyler's 
invasion  of  the  city,  snyp,  "*  The  King  im- 
mediately took  the  road  to  7'Ae  Wardrobe 
to  visit  the  Princess  Ida  molVier,  who  had 
n^mnined  there  two  days  and  two  night«i 
under  the  greatest  fears^  as  indeed  she  Had 
cause/'  I'yr,  according  to  Trassell,  in  his 
continuation  of  Daniel's  Hist,  of  England, 
'^  13853,  -(  Rie.  IL  no  Boooer  was  the  King 
gone  forth  of  the  Tower  tn  the  place  ap- 
pointed, when  Tyler  with  some  of  his; 
comrades  entered  the  Tower  gates,  rifled 
the  King's  lodging,  h'rrharously  entreating 
the  King's  mother,  both  with  bad  lanRuage 
and  worse  blows;"  but  that  this  Ward- 
robe was  a  strong  place  at  that  time  there 
is  not  much  reason  to  doubts  for  the 
Dowager  Princess  of  Wales  fled  to  it  for 
refuge. 

I  have  searched  for  the  grant  %  made  to 
the  King  of  Armenia,  alluded  to  by  Stowe, 
under  the  above  title,  as  having  been  made 
while  King  Richard  the  Second  was  lying 
in  The  Royal,  anuo  i:i86,  but  the  grant 
docs  not  bear  date  from  The  Royal,  but 
**  at  Westminster,*'  so  nothing  can  be 
collected  in  furtherance  of  my  inijuiries 
as  to  the  description  of  The  Royal  at  that 
time. 

Ycmrs,  ficc.  T.  E.  T. 


Mr. 


Rome  LAND, 
Uelban, — Tn  Maiiland's  History     Ward 


of  London  (edit.  1739,  p.  455) »  be  men- 
tioDA,  among  tho  Reixiarkables  in  fiillings- 
gate  Ward,  *'  Roomland,  or  place  where 
the  masters  of  coal  ships,  coal  mongers, 
and  heavers  daily  meet  to  transact  their 
affiurs  in.*' 

It  is  remarkable  that  in  Entick's  edition 
of  Muitland  in  1775  there  is  no  mention 
of  this  Roomlaad,  except  that,  after  re- 
citing an  Act  of  ComrooD  Council  of 
t>  June,  1707,  for  regulating  the  fish  market 
at  Billingsgate,  which  was  established  by 
anAetof  Parliament  of  10  and  11  Will,  III., 
it  i<i  said,  that  ^*  this  place  is  now  more 
frequented  than  in  ancient  time,  when 
Qucenhitbe  was  mode  use  of  for  the  said 
purpose.*' 

And    uudcr   the  head   of    Queenbithe 


(Maitland,  1775,  p.  10.10),  I  find 
♦'  certain  impositions  were  set  upon  ships 
and  other  Tcssek  coming  thither  (to  Queen 
Hithe),  as  upon  corn,  salt,  and  other 
IhingB,  toward  the  charge  of  cleansing 
Romeland  there,  the  41st  Edw.  IJl," 

"  TIjis  Romeland  being  annoyed  with 
dung,  lilth,  &c.  it  was  ordered  by  an  Act 
of  Common  Council,  11  Edw.  Ill,  that 
the  place  should  forthwith  be  made  clean 
and  paved." 

And  in  the  3  Edw.  IV,  **  the  market  at 
Queenhithc  being  hindered  by  the  slack- 
ness of  drawing  up  London  Bridge,  it  was 
ordained,  that  all  manner  of  vessels  re- 
sorting to  the  City  with  Tictual  should  be 
sold  by  retail ;  and  if  there  came  but  one 
vessel  at  a  time  it  should  come  to  Queen* 
hithe ;  but  if  two  veasels,  one  should  come 


*  Pat.  SG  Ellx.  p.  7.  "  ^  alieuare  Tnrrim  sive  magnum  mesauagiam  Tocat'  L9 
Ryall  alias  Tbwer  RyttlL'' 

t  Stowe's  Annales,  16:31,  p.  288,  coL  2.  ''The  same  day  after  dinner,  about  two 
of  the  dock,  the  King  went  from  the  Wardrobe  called  the  Royall,  in  London,  toward 
Westminster,  attended  on  by  the  number  of  two  hundred  persons,  to  visit  St.  Kdward^i 
shrine."  [This  was  the  day  of  Wat  Tyler^s  death;  after  which,  p-  290,  col.  2:] 
'*  The  King  went  to  the  Lady  Princessc  his  mother,  who  was  then  lodged  in  the  Thwer 
Royali  catted  the  Queen* 9  Wardrobe t  and  there  she  had  remained  two  days  and  two 
nights  sore  abashed." 

X  Pat.  9  Rie.  IL  p.  2,  m.  31.  **  Rex  coacei^it  Leoni  Regi  Emionise  consangnineo 
SQO  (qui  per  inimicos  suos  e  regno  suo  mtserabiliter  expulsas  fuit)  mille  iibras  aniuias 
e  St*aec4ifio  quousque  dictum  regnuni  suum  udeptus  erit." 


510 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanui  Urban. 


[May, 


to  Queenhithe,  and  the  other  to  Billings- 
gate ;  if  three,  two  of  them  to  Queenhithe, 
and  the  third  to  Billingsgate,  &c. ;  always 
the  more  to  Queenhithe." 

Homeland  at  Billingsgate  was  probably 
part  of  the  possessions  of  the  abbey  Of 
Waltham.  The  Abbat^s  London  residence 
was  at  St.  Mary-at-Hill,  on  the  south  side 
of  the  church,  and  the  property  of  the 
abbey  extended  into  Thames  Street  and 
to  the  river  side  at  Billingsgate. 

In  an  account  of  John  Higham,  Col- 
lector  of  Farm  Rents  for  the  Court  of 
Augmentation,  in  31  and  32  Hen.  YIII., 
a  Return  is  made  of  ziijf.  iiij^f.,  as  receiyed 
from  the  Chamberlain  of  London  for  quit- 
rent  of  one  tenement,  and  "  unius  le  key 
juzta  Byllingesgate  in  parochia  prsedicta 

(St.  Mary-at-Hull) "  andofxxvj*. 

viijd.  from  the  Wardens  of  the  Fish- 
mongers of  London  for  the  quit- rent  of 
one  tenement,  formerly  of  Robert  Her- 
dinge,  and  late  of  Alice  Mungeanies,  widow, 
lying  at  Holyrood  Wharf,  in  the  parish 
aforesaid ;  and  of  xxvj«.  viijrf.  from  Giles 
Polyfer  for  quit-rent  of  one  tenement  at 
Holy  Rood  Wharf,  late  of  John  Shelton, 
of  London,  mercer,  in  the  parish  aforesaid. 

There  is  a  singular  coincidence  as  re- 
gards this  Romeland  at  Billingsgate,  adja- 
cent to  the  town  residence  of  the  Abbat 
of  Waltham  at  St.  iMary-at-Hill,  and 
another  Romeland  at  Waltham  Abbey. 

Of  this  Romeland  at  Waltham  Abbey, 
Dr.  Thomas  Fuller  (History  of  Waltham 
Abbey)  says :    **  The   mentioning  of  the 


consent  of  Pope  Alexander  to  the  tap- 
pression  of  Waltham  dean  and  canons,  and 
substitnting  Aagustinians  in  their  room, 
mindeth  me  of  a  spacious  place  in  this 
town,  at  the  entrance  of  the  abbey,  built 
aboi^t  with  houses,  called  '  Rome  land,'  as 
(Peter  Pence  were  termed  *  Rome  Scot ') 
at  this  day.  It  is  generally  believed  that 
the  rents  thereof  peculiarly  belonged  to  the 
Church  of  Rome.  Thus  the  Pope  would 
not  be  so  bad  a  carver  as  to  cut  all  away  to 
others,  and  reserve  no  comer  to  himself.'* 

Fuller  also  takes  occasion  to  say,  with 
reference  to  an  item  in  the  churchwardens' 
accounts  of  Waltham  Abbey,  in  34th 
Henry  YIII.  of  sixpence  "  ptdd  to  the 
ringers  at  the  coming  of  the  king's  grace,*' 
"  Yet  Waltham  bells  told  no  tales  erery 
time  King  Henry  came  hither,  having  a 
small  house  in  Rome  land,  to  which  he  is 
said  oft  privately  to  retire  for  his  pleasure." 

I  send  yon,  Sir,  these  imperfect  notes 
on  the  subject  referred  to  by  your  corre- 
spondent T.  E.  T.  in  his  communication 
of  the  very  interesting  decree  of  the  Court 
of  Chancery,  printed  in  your  time-honoured 
Magazine  for  this  month,  not  venturing  to 
solve  the  question  as  to  the  meaning  and 
derivation  of  the  name  of  "  Romeli^d ;" 
but  in  the  hope,  that  any  contribution  of 
authorities  bearing  upon  the  question  may 
assist  some  of  your  more  learned  readers 
to  elucidate  a  point  upon  which  I  have 
been  very  desbous  of  information. 

Yours.  &c.        Geo.  R.  Co&Kia. 

Bltham,  31  March,  1853. 


Descent  of  the  Manor  of  Stottesden,  Salop. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  following  account 
of  the  descent  of  the  manor  of  Stottesden, 
Salop,  is  arranged  from  a  manuscript  in 
my  possession,  and  may  be  acceptable  as 
relating  to  the  history  of  that  county,  and 
showing  the  succession  of  a  manor  from  a 
remote  period. 

Stottesden  gives  name  to  one  of  the 
hundreds  of  the  county  of  Salop,  and  was 
known  in  the  time  of  the  Saxons  and  at 
the  Conquest  as  Cbndetret.  At  what  pe- 
riod the  latter  designation  ceased  to  be 
used  cannot  now  be  exactly  ascertained. 

Edwin,  the  great  Earl  of  Mercia,  held 
this  manor  before  the  Conquest ;  upon  that 
event  it  was  granted  to  Roger  de  Mont- 
gomery, Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  who  kept  it 
in  his  own  hands.  The  church  is  men- 
tioned in  Domesday  as  possessing  revenues 
worth  twenty  shillings  annually,  and  was 
by  Earl  Roger  granted  to  the  abbey  of  his 
foundation  at  Shrewsbury. 

On  the  death  of  Roger,  Count  Palatinate 
of  Shropshire,  the  manor  devolved  to  his 
eldest  son,  Earl  Hugh,  and  subsequently 
to  the  brother  of  the  latter,  Robert  de 
Bclesme,  third  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  who. 


revolting  from  Henry  I.  in  1102»  forfeited 
this  manor,  with  the  hundred  of  Ck>ndetret 
and  the  rest  of  his  estates,  which  thereby 
became  annexed  to  the  Crown. 

fiy  inquisition  12  John,  1910,  it  was 
found  to  be  held  by  William  de  Gamages, 
but  by  what  service  does  not  appear. 
From  him  it  descended  to  his  son,  Matthew 
de  Gamages,  who  dying  in  the  same  reign 
without  issue,  it  escheated  to  the  Crown, 
under  whom  Yvo  Pantulf  and  Hugh  Pan- 
tulf,  the  sons  of  Hugh  Pantnlf,  Earon  of 
Wem,and  sheriff  of  Shropshire  from  1180 
to  1189,  held  it  as  bailiffs  to  Khig  John, 
who,  in  the  1 7th  year  of  his  reign,  1215, 
took  the  manor  into  his  own  handis  ;  but 
lands  here  still  continued  in  the  families  of 
the  former  possessors,  for  in  the  3rd  Hen. 
III.  1218,  William  de  Gamages  had  seisin 
of  lands  in  Stotterdcn,  but  by  what  serrice 
the  jurors  were  ignorant. 

In  1210  King  Henry  III.  granted  this 
manor,  to  which  it  is  apprehended  the 
hundred  was  attached,  to  John  de  Plessetis, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  in  right  of  Margery  de 
Beaumont  his  second  wife  fthe  sister  and 
heiress  of  Thomas  de  Newlrargh,  Earl  of 


185a,] 


Correspondence  of  Syhmnus  Urban. 


511 


Warwick),     He,  in  the  28tb  of  that  reigii, 
obtained   the   kiof*i    charter  to   hold   a 
vireekly  market  here  on  a  Tuesdayt  and  an 
antiual  fair  for  three  daya,  viz.  the  eve, 
the  fea^t,  and  the  day  after  the  fenat  of  the 
Assumption  of  our  Lady  ;  with   the  pri- 
vilege of  free  trarren  over  the  manor;  of 
which  he  died  possessed  47  Ben.  HI.  and 
aUo  of  the  hundred   of  Stottcsdeu,   this 
heing  the  first  notification  of  the  existence 
of  the  hundred  onder  tiiat  name.     Be  had 
a  aon^   Sir    Bugh  de    Plessetis,   Knt.  of 
whom   we    ouly    know   that   he    left   one 
dau}^hter,  lady  of  this  manors  who,  in  the 
53rd  Hen.  HI.  married  John  de  Segrnvei 
Lord  Segrave  (who  was  thirty-nine  years 
old  at  the  death  of  his  father,  Nichotas 
Lord  Segravo,  in  23rd  Edward  I.)  to  whom 
with  other  possessions  she  brought   the 
manor  of  Stottesden-     John  de  S<^rave, 
Lord  Segrave,  died  in  Gascooy  in  the  1 8th 
Edw.  II.  having  survived  hia  eldeat  son* 
who  died  the  same  year,  leaving  Sir  John  de 
Segrave,  his  eldest  son,  lord  of  this  manor. 
He  died  27th  Edw.  11 L  having  married 
Liidy  Margaret,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
Thomas  de  Brothcrtoii,  eldest  son  of  King 
Edward  I.  by  his  second  Queer),  Margaret 
of  Prance.     Lady  Margaret  was  create«l 
Duchess  of  Norfolk  in  I3[>B,and  dying  in  the 
following  year^  was  interred  in  thechnrch  of 
the  Friars  Minors  in  London^  when  this  ma- 
I  nor  descended  to  John  Lord  Segrave  their 
\  Only  son.  He  married  Blanche,  daughter  of 
John  Lord  Mowbray  ;  but,  dying  without 
isaue,  thia  manor  descended  ta  his  only 
I  lister   Elizabeth f    the  wife  of  that  John 
Lord    Mowbray  who  was   slain    near   to 
>  Conatantinople  42nd  Edw,  III.  when  thi« 
t  mauor  descended  to  their  eldest  son»  John 
'  Lord  Mowbray^  who  in  the  1st  Rich.  11. 
was  created  Earl  of  Nottinghanit  and  died 
i  bachelor  6th  of  that  reign.     The  manor 
I  then  vested  in  his  brotlier  Thomas,  who 
was  created  in  the  same  year  Earl  of  Not- 
f  tingham  and  subsequently  Duke  of  Nor- 
^  folk  i  bnt^  being  banished  the  kingdom  for 
^  ehaUenging   Heiyry   Duke  of  Lancaster, 
I  Aft«r wards  Henry  the  Fourth,  died  of  the 
'  plague  at  Venice  in  1400  \  having  married 
first    Elizabeth   daughter  of  John   Lord 
I  Strange,  by  whom  he  left  do  issue,  but, 
L  by  his  second  Duchess,  Isabel  or  Eliza- 
[  beth  (eldest  daughter  of  Richard  Fitzalan 
1  £arl  of  Arundet,  and  sister  and  coheiress 
I  of  Thomas  Fiizalan^  seventh  Earl  of  Arun- 
del) he  had  Thomas  Mow  bray »  Earl  Mar* 
\  shall,  his  eldest  son.    He  was  beheaded  at 
I  York  b'lh  Hen.  IV.  having  married  Con^ 
I  itanofl  daughter  of  John  HoUaud,  Duke  of 


Exeter ;  by  whom  he  left  a  son,  John  de 
Mowbray,  Duke  of  Norfolk^  who  eojoyed 
this  manor,  and  died  Ist  Edw.  IV.  having 
married  Eleanor,  daughter  of  Willinm  I^ord 
Bourchier  ;  by  whom  he  had  a  son«  John 
Mowbray,  4th  Duke  of  Norfolk,  created 
Earl  of  Warren  and  Surrey,  29th  Hen.  VL 
and  died  seised  of  this  manor  1 5th  Edw.  IV. 
He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John 
Talbot,  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  by  whom  bo 
had  a  daughter  Aiiuei  betrothed  to  Richard 
Duke  of  York,  second  son  of  King  Ed- 
ward TV.  She  died  young,  when  this  manor 
vested  iij  William  Marquees  of  Berkeley 
nod  Earl  of  Noltinghami  eldest  ion  of 
James  Lord  llerkdey,  and  his  wife  Isabel, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Mowbray,  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  and  sister  of  Thomas  Mowbray, 
Earl  ^Jarshal;  who,  tn  3  lien.  VIL  ob- 
tained a  licence  and  disposed  of  this  manor 
to  John  RusseiU  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  and 
other  feoffees  to  bis  use.  He  died  6th 
Henry  VIL  1491,  without  i^sue.  Mau- 
rice Berkeley,  in  the  9th  year  of  Hen.  VII* 
levied  a  fine  of  the  manor  of  Stottesden  to 
Humphrey  Coningsby  of  Neen  Sollers,  and 
his  wife;  whose  descendants  seem  to  have 
held  lands  in  this  manor  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth.'^ 

The  manor,  having  reverted  to  the 
Crown,  was  granted,  36  Hen.  VIII.  1544, 
to  Richard  Purslow,  esq.  with  the  manor  of 
Walton  in  this  parish,  John  Purslow,  th({, 
died  IHh  April,  36th  Eliz.  1504,  seised  of 
the  manor  of  Walton  in  Stottesden.  In 
31  fit  Eliz.  license  from  the  Queen  under  the 
great  seal  in  consideration  of  B/.  6«.  ^d. 
to  Thomas  Throckmorton  and  Margaret 
his  wife,  and  John  Throckmorton,  gent,  to 
grant  and  alienate  to  William  Norton  the 
manor  of  Stoterton,  alias  Stotersdon  (with 
other  adjoining  manors  and  lands)  to  hold 
to  the  said  William,  his  heirs,  ike.  for  ever, 
of  the  Queen  and  her  successors,  by  the 
accustomed  f^ervices,  and  which  sale  was 
completed  to  the  said  William  Norton  in 
the  following  year.f 

In  1714  the  manor,  &c.  was  sold  by  Sir 
George  Norton,  knt.  to  Henry  Newport, 
2Dd  Earl  of  Bradford,  and  was  by  him 
devised  to  Mrs.  Ann  Smith,  who  left  it, 
together  with  other  large  estates,  to  the 
celebrated  William  Pulteney,  Earl  of  Bath, 
from  whom  it  passed  to  his  brother  Gen. 
Barry  Pulteney,  who,  leaving  no  issue, 
devised  it  to  Frances  daughter  of  his  cousin- 
german  Daniel  Pulteney,  esq.  who  mar-* 
ried  WiUiam  Johnstone,  writer  to  the  sig- 
net (afterwards  Sir  William  Pulteneyt 
Bart«  M.P.  for  the  town  of  Shrewsbury 


*  An  interesting  account  of  the  family  of  Cooingsby  will  be  found  in  vol.  xciii. 
[part  ii,  page  583,  Gent,  Mag. 

f  The  family  of  Norton  were  eminent  stationers  in  Loudon,  one  of  whom  held  the 
office  of  Trcacurer  of  Christ's  Hospital. 


512 


Con'esjwndence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[May, 


during  thirty-one  years),  after  whose  death 
in  1805,  and  that  of  his  only  child  the 
Countess  of  Bath  without  issue  in  1808,  it 
came  to  his  heir-at-law  William  Harry 
Earl  of  Darlington,  created  Duke  of  Cleve- 


land in  1833,  and  is  now  poueiMed  by  Uia 
son  the  prefect  Duke  of  Cleveland. 

Yours,  &c.      Henrt  Pidobon. 
Shrewtbury,  AjprU  \bth,  1853. 


On  supposed  Showers  and  Springs  of  Blood. 


Mr.  Urban,— M.  Collin  de  Plancy,in 
his  curious  (but  not  unexceptionable) 
work,  entitled  Dictionnaire  Infernal,  has 
an  article  on  the  subject  of  Extraordinary 
Showers,  such  as  *'  pluies  de  crapauds  et 
dc  grenouilles,  pluies  de  feu,  pluies  de 
sang.*'  On  the  last  of  these  he  says,  with 
a  misplaced  sneer  at  the  ignorance  of  our 
forefathers,  **  Nos  anc^tres,  qui  6taient  si 
sages,  voyaient  dans  ces  ph6nom^nes, 
aussi-bien  que  dans  tout  ce  qu'ils  ne  com- 
prenaicnt  point,  les  signes  precurseurs  de 
la  coltire  divine."  (Vol.  ii.  p.  193.)  But 
in  an  instructive  little  volume,  called  The 
Life  of  a  Tree,  published  by  the  Christian 
Knowledge  Society,  this  apprehension, 
while  it  is  as  clearly  stated,  is  treated 
with  more  respect. 

"  We  frequently  read,  in  old  books,  of 
the  occurrence  of  showers  of  blood,  and 
noted  as  demonstrating  the  special  anger 
of  God  against  a  people  or  district ;  and, 
in  truth,  the  blood-bedropped  ground  pre- 
sented a  spectacle  sufficiently  calculated  to 
arouse  the  easily-excited  fears  of  an  igno- 
rant age.  Modern  science  in  this,  as  in 
many  other  instances,  has  destroyed  these 
unreasonable  apprehensions."  (p.  35.) 

Thus  Livy,  in  an  enumeration  of  pro- 
digies (b.  xxxiv.  35),  says,  "  In  foro,  et 
comitio,  et  capitolio,  sanguinis  gutta;  visas 
sunt."  Our  own  historian  Speed  relates, 
that  in  the  reign  of  Brihtrick,  King  of 
Wcssex,  *•  many  prodigies  appeared,  and 
more  perhaps  than  will  be  believed,  for  it 
is  reported,  that  in  his  third  yeare  a  shower 
of  bloud  rained  from  heaven,  and  bloudy 
crosses  fell  on  men's  garments  as  they 
walked  abroad."  These  and  other  won- 
ders, **some  took  to  be  presages  of  the 
miseries  which  followed  through  the  Danish 
invasion  and  through  famine."  (Speed's 
History,  p.  3,000.) 

But,  to  come  to  our  own  times,  a  para- 
graph in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  June,  1821, 
mentions,  ^*  It  is  stated,  in  accounts  from 
Giessen,  in  Hesse  Darmstadt,  that  on  the 
3d  of  May  there  fell  in  different  parts  of 
the  city  a  rain  of  the  colour  of  blood  .... 
many  of  the  inhabitants  were  much  alarmed 
by  the  shower."  (P.  544.)  Like  the  popu- 
lar belief  in  witchcraft,  these  apprehen- 
sions are  extremely  hard  to  dispel.  But 
when  facts  are  compared  from  diflferent 
quarters,  something  is  generally  found  to 


impair  sach  ddosions.  And  ia  learning 
that  such  showers  are  not  alwayi  of  a  rtd 
colour,  we  gain  a  step  toward  divestiog 
them  of  an  ominoos  character.  The  Orer- 
land  Englishman,  a  Calcutta  monthly 
newspaper,  of  April  19,  1843,  ander  the 
head  of  Mqfituil  (<• «.,  country),  states  as 
follows :  **  A  strange  yellow  liquid  has 
rained  lately  at  Futtecpore  Sieree.  The 
matter  adhered  to  the  fingers  when  touched, 
and  dyed  the  ground  where  it  fell."  (P.  3, 
col.  2.)  Here  the  cause  of  alarm  was  re- 
moved by  the  colour,  and  the  occurrence 
was  merely  recorded  as  unusual,  without 
being  considered  portentous.  In  expla- 
nation of  red  showers,  M.  Collin  de  nancy 
says, 

*'  II  n*y  a  jamais  eu  de  Traies  pluies  de 
sang.  Toutes  celles  qui  ont  paru  rouges, 
ou  approchant  de  cette  conleur,  ont  ^ 
teintes  par  des  terres,  ou  des  mati^res 
semblables  emportees  par  let  Tents  dans 
Tathmosph^re,  oh  elles  se  sont  mtt^ea  avec 
Teau  qui  tombait  des  nusges.  Plus  soorent 
encore,  co  phdnom^ne,  en  apparence  si 
extraordinaire,  a  M  oocasionn^  par  une 
grande  quantity  de  petits  papUlons,  qui 
repandent  des  gouttes  d'un  sue  rooge,  snr 
Ics  endroits  oh  ils  passent.*'  (P.  192.*) 

The  shower  resembling  blood,  before- 
mentioned,  at  Giessen,  was  analysed  by 
Professor  Zimmerman,  who  ascertained 
that  its  component  parts  were  oxyde  of 
iron,  an  earthy  acid  {a* acid*  d€  terre),  and 
carbon.  In  The  Life  of  a  Tkee,  already 
quoted,  another  solution  is  gireo.  The 
spores  of  the  red-snow  plaat,  which  arc  so 
light  as  frequently  to  float  in  the  air,  and 
are  thus  conveyed  to  great  distances,  when 
"  dropped  on  the  surface  of  the  earth,  are 
the  cause  of  the  marks  so  long  looked 
upon  with  dismay."  (P.  34-35.) 

2.  Another  class  of  such  phenomena  is 
the  supposed  bleeding  of  a  fountain  or 
river,  or  the  gushing  of  blood  from  the 
ground.  Thus  Livy  mentions  a  report, 
"  Vulsiniis  sanguine  lacum  manasse." 
(B.  xxvii.  c.  23.)  And  again,  at  c  37, 
**  Minturnenses,  terribilius  quod  esaet, 
adjiciebant,  sanguinis  rivum  in  porta 
fluxisse."  And  Virgil  enumerates  similar 
appearances  among  the  prodigies  which 
were  said  to  accompany  the  death  of  Csesar. 
Noc  .  .  .  puteis  manare  cmor  cenavit. 

(Georg.  i.  485.) 


*  Voyez  THistoirc  Naturelle  de  TAir  et  des  M*t6ores,  par  TAbbe  Richard, 
of  M.  Collin  de  Plancy.) 
7 


(Note 


1853.] 


Corre^pondetice  of'  S^lvanns  Urban. 


»ia 


TJje  liilc  Mr,  Hugli  Muriiiy,  in  Li:* 
fiocydoptedia  of  Geography^  describbg 
Eabele  in  Syrin,  the  Bybloa  of  tbe  Greeks, 
■ays,  **  About  u  mile  fiora  Eabck  flow* 
Ihe  Ibnin^  the  aucknt  Adouis,  tbe  periodi* 
cal  reddeiung  of  whose  waters,  *  supposed 
with  blood  c>f  Thammaz  yearly  wounded/ 
gave  occaaion  to  a  mid  and  fttntaatlc  Phoe- 
nldan  festival."  *  (P.  891, 1A.  ed.)  Mr, 
Towialey,  in  his  tran^lntion  of  Maimomdea 
I  ou  the  Laws  of  Moses,  regards  this  legeod 
ms  ^'  ft  story  jirobably  occasioned  by  a  red 
\  ©chre,  OTPr  which  the  river  ran  with  vii>. 
Jenoe,  by  its  minuul  increase  at  thijs  seafion 
of  tbe  year,''  (P.  3i3,  note  svi»  where 
copious  references  on  the  subject  are  given. 
See  also  Lightfoot'ii  Works,  folio,  vol.  i. 
p.  ^.OlH.j 

There  are  several  iufttances  of  *'  blood*' 
springing  out  of  the  grotiiid,  in  the  Saxon 
Chronicle,  umhr  the  ytari  HlOB,  1100, 
und  1103,  and  ull  occurring  In  Berkshire. 
Whether  the  annalij»t  meant  to  connect 
them  witb  the  death  of  Williani  Rufns,  in 
11  (DO,  and  the  ecarcily  which  prevailed  in 
the  other  years,  lit  tiol  quite  clear-  Lord 
HaileSf  tn  his  Annuls  of  Scotland  (ed. 
1797|  vol.  i.  p.  3''2>JJ,  relates  an  instance 
more  fipecilically  from  ancient  hiatoriansi 
under  the  year  11H4, 

**A  fountain,  neiir  Kilwinning,  in   the 
shire  of  Air^  ran  blood  for  eight  day  a  and 
eight  nights  without  iiitermission,     This 
portent  had  frcijuently  appeared,  but  never 
for  so  long  a  space.    In  the  opinion  of  the 
people  of  the  country,  it  prognosticated 
the  eifus  ion  of  blood.  Be  nedictus  Abbas  and 
Roger  Hovcden  rtilate  the  story  with  per- 
fect credulity.    Bencdiclus  Abbas  improves 
a  littk  U[ti>ti  his  brother,  for  he  is  positive 
*  tliat  the  fountain  ron  with  pure  blood.*  " 
i  (K.  Hoved.  0^2      Ben,  Abbas,  lOtJ.) 
I      Tbe  solutitfu  of  this  prodigy  may  pcr- 
I  haps  be   inferred  from  the  circumstance, 
Lthat  in  Ayrshire  *'  there  is  abundaucc  of 
icotil,  lime,  aod  ironttone^   in  every  dis- 
itrict/'     (2!?ee    Plavfoir'a    Description   of 
[SiiOtland,  IHIJI,  foL  i,  p,  170.) 

3.  There  u  another  fancy  which  regards 
lytiLh  appearances,  nut  aa  indicative  of 
l-fiiture  di»ai»ter8^  but  of  former  ones.  In 
Ijlr.  G.  Woodward's  Answer*  to  Ikrkuliire 
rduerice  (Art.  Eiist  Uendred),  io  the  Bib- 
IjiotbecaTopograpbica  Britannicaj  No.  xvi. 
30,  a  ca^e  of  this  kind  occurs, 
I  never  heard  of  any  battle  nearer 
ban  Wantage,  where  the  iahabiiimbi  tell 
ou  of  a  battle  between  the  Danes  and  the 
xons,  and  shew  you  a  dose  called  Blood 
Vi^se,  from  that  action  }  and  if  yon  will 


bfjiievu  them,  the  earth  is  so  drenched  with 
blood  in  one  particular  place,  that  it  now, 
ou  a  suusbitiy  day,  throws  a  purple  hue 
upon  the  sboea  and  boots  of  the  traveller; 
hut  this  IB  much  better  accounted  for  from 
tbe  sort  of  loom  that  composes  this  part 
of  the  field,  which  i&  naturally  of  a  purple 
colour,' ' 

In  Mr,  Eyrc'fi  *'  ObBcrrations,  made  at 
Pwis  during  tbe  Peace,  1803,*'  another 
such  ap|ieaiance  is  described  as  occurring 
in  (he  Place  de  la  Concorde,  which,  if  not 
accounted  for  by  the  natvire  of  the  ^oil, 
carries  with  it  a  melancholy  reality  from 
the  recent  occurrence  of  the  cause, 

**  There  is  a  circumstance,  generally  be- 
lieved in  Paris,  and  indeed  witnesflcd  by  a 
colonel  in  the  British  ijuard^,  who  himeelf 
■  elated  it  to  me,  that  1  think  necessary  to 
raentiou  here.  During  the  iisurpation  of 
Robespierre,  execul ions  in  this  square  were 
so  tiumerotis  and  frecjuent,  that  the  earth 
absorbed  such  showers  of  blood,  that  even 
at  this  distant  period,  after  a  storm  of 
rain,  a  purple  liquor,  resembling  blood,  is 
aeen  to  issue  from  the  ground.  Without 
wiiihing  to  invalidate^  the  testimony  of  the 
narrators  of  this  wonder,  in  my  opinion, 
this  marvellous  nppearnnce  may  proceed 
from  a  natural  canse,  as  any  soil  of  red 
clay  would  produce  the  same  phcnome* 
non,'^     (P.  73,) 

With  this  exception,  if  mecesBary,  it  is 
to  the  credit  of  our  old  hiatorian  Puller, 
that  he  was  one  of  the  lirst  to  place  Ibis 
idea  in  its  true  light,  '*  What  \¥illiam  of 
Newborough  writea  of  the  place  near  Battle 
Abbey,  in  Suasex,  where  the  fight  waa 
fought  hetwceti  the  Normans  and  the 
English,  that  on  every  shower  fresh  blood 
springetli  out  of  the  earth,  as  crying  to 
God  for  vengeance  ;  being  nothing  eUe 
than  a  natural  tincture  of  the  earth,  which 
doth  dye  the  rain  red,  as  in  Rutland  and 
in  other  place*.'*  (Church  Hi»t.  b.  vi, 
8.  14.)  But,  though  discarded  from  the 
pale  of  admitted  fact,  it  muy  be  allowed 
to  keep  it^  place  io  poetry.  Hatmah 
Morc'e  Legend  of  the  Bleeding  Rock  wtis 
luggested  by  a  picturesque  rock  at  Bel- 
mont, about  six  luilea  from  Bristol,  exhi- 
biting red  Rpots  of  sandstone.  Thus  tbe 
suppoaitioD  has  found  ita  level,  which  it 
may  isarmleasly  retain. 

There  is  a  curious  article  on  the  pUnt 
called  Danett' Blood  (Dancwort)  in  Mr, 
HalliwelPs  Popular  Rbvmes  and  Nurteiy 
Tale^,  18-19,  under  the' head  of  Sheraton 
Magna,  p.  19B-9. 

Yoaw,  &c  J.  T.  M* 


*  Milton,   Par,  Lost,  i.  501,  where,  however,  another  reading  is  ''suffaaed  with 
lilood,'*     The  catalogue  of  Yibioi  Sequester  omiti  the  Adouis  among  its  riven, 

Gknt.  Mau.  Vou  XXXLX.  3  U 


614 


Correspondence  ofSylwinui  Urban. 


CMay, 


St.  James's  Pa&k. 


Mr.  Urban,— Very  little  seems  to  be 
known  about  the  conditon  of  this  park  be- 
fore it  was  replanted  and  beautified  by 
Charles  II.  In  Mr.  Cunningham's  excel- 
lent '*  Handbook  of  London/'  it  is  said, 
till  that  time,  to  have  been  little  more  than 
a  grass  park,  with  a  few  trees  irregularly 
planted,  and  a  number  of  little  ponds.  I 
subjoin,  however,  the  contents  of  two  do- 
cuments which  shew  that  the  laying  out 
and  embellishment  of  the  park  upon  a 
somewhat  elaborate  scale  was  effected  by 
James  the  First.  Some  of  your  corres- 
pondents may,  perhaps,  have  the  oppor- 
tunity of  showing  how  the  decorations  ex- 
ecuted in  pursuance  of  the  following  war- 
rants had  so  entirely  gone  to  ruin  as  to 
leave  no  suspicion  of  their  existence.  The 
particulars  of  the  planting  of  the  **  mul- 
berry garden  "  given  in  the  "  Handbook,*' 
as  having  taken  place  in  1609,  **  when  935/. 
were  expended  by  the  king  in  planting  mul- 
berry trees  near  the  palace  of  Westmin- 
ster,'' are  quite  consistent  with  the  execu- 
tion of  the  following  warrants.  And,  per- 
haps, some  of  the  '*  number  of  little 
ponds  "  which  existed  before  the  relaying 
out  of  the  park  by  Charles  II.,  may  have 
been  the  remains  of  the  "  waterworks  and 
ffountaynes,"  which  had  fallen  into  decay 
by  the  lapse  of  time. 

The  mention  of  '*  houses  and  defenses 
for  orenge  trees,"  presents  a  curious  fact 
in  the  horticultural  history  of  the  country. 
These  orange  trees  must  have  been  some 
of  the  earliest  in  England,  perhaps  only 
second  to  those  said  to  have  been  planted 
at  Beddington  in  Surrey,  by  Sir  Francis 
Carew,  who  married  the  niece  of  Sir  Wal- 
ter Raleigh,  the  Arst  introducer  of  the 
fruit ;  and  which  trees  are  alluded  to  by 
Bishop  Gibson  in  his  Additions  to  Cam- 
den's **  Britannia,"  as  having  been  there 
in  1595. 

The  first  document  is  the  draft  for  a  war- 
rant under  the  privy  seal.  Being  incom- 
plete, as  drafts  were  often  left,  it  is  with- 
out date.,  but  the  mention  of  the  princess 
Mary,  who  lived  only  from  March  1605 
to  Dec.  1607,  confines  it  within  a  very 
limited  period  : 

*'  James,  by  the  grace  of  God,  king  of 
England,  Scotland,  Fraunce,  and  Irland, 
defendour  of  the  faith,  &c.  To  our  trusty 
andwelbeloved  Sir  Thomas  Knyvet  knight, 
warden  of  our  mynt,  greeting  :  Where  we 
have  appointed  you  to  make  within  our 
parke  belonging  to  our  pallace  of  West- 
minster, comonly  called  Saint  James 
parke,  certcyne  ffountaynes,  walkes,  water- 
workes,  and  other  thinges  for  our  plea- 
sure, and  certaine  bowses,  and  defenses  for 
orenge  trees  and  other  forreine  fruites  for 


the  beawtifying  of  our  said  parice,  mi. 
likewise  certaine  howMs  for  the  Iraepinga 
and  feedinge  of  our  reyne  deeni»  and  of 
our  game  of  daoks.  And  wHereu  by  the 
direccion  of  the  Earie  of  Sttffolka,  our 
chamberleyne,  you  haTe  made  certeiBe  no- 
cessarie  lodginget  for  tome  genUewomeii 
attending  upon  the  Ladie  Muie»  oar 
daughter.  Tbeise  are  to  will  and  aactho* 
rise  you  out  of  inch  our  monejea  aa  an 
or  ihalbe  from  time  to  time  hi  your  handea, 
risinge  by  the  profitt  of  our  minte,  to  pay 
or  cause  to  be  paid  all  sach  aomet  oif 
money  as  shalbe  reqoiiite  for  themaldnge^ 
finishinge,  and  amendinge,  of  the  aaM 
ffowntay  nes,  walkes,  waterworks,  and  other 
thinges,  and  for  the  said  boildiiigs  and 
keepinge  of  onr  games,  aocordmg  to  audi 
billes  of  charge  of  the  same  aa  shalbe  sab- 
scribed  by  the  officers  of  our  workes  ffsr 
the  time  being  or  any  three  of  them, 
whereof  the  surreyor  or  oomjitndler  of 
our  said  workes  to  be  allwayca  ona.  And 
we  are  further  pleased  to  grannt  nato  yoa 
an  allowaunce  of  six  pence  by  the  day  §k 
the  attendance  of  one  man  to  kame  oar 
said  orenge  trees  and  other  forraina  fraltoi^ 
and  also  an  allowaanoe  of  fovre  panoa  by 
the  day  for  one  other  man  to  keepe  and 
'  feede  our  said  raine  deere,  dnckaSy  and 
other  fowles  in  our  said  parka,  to  ba  alsa 
paid  out  of  onr  moneys  arising  by  tha  pro- 
fitts  of  our  said  mynt.  And  thais  oar 
letters  shalbe  your  sufficient  warrant  and 
discharge  in  this  behalf.  Graven,  &e.  nn* 
der  our  privie  scale,  at  onr"  (not  ooea* 
pleted). 

But  I  bsTC  also  met  with  an  srfffaaf 
warrant  under  the  privy  seal,  retadng  to 
the  same  matter,  and  directed  to  the  aama 
person,  but  varying  oonsidsrahiT  in  elTect 
as  regards  the  extent  of  eodwllislunsnt  dm* 
signed  for  the  park .  It  hss  the  adTantaga 
of  being  complete  in  every  respect. 

**  James,  by  the  grace  of  God,  king  of 
England,  Scotland,  France,  and  Ireland, 
defendour  of  the  faith,  &c.  To  onr  tmsty 
and  welbeloved  Sir  Thomas  Knyvet,  knt., 
warden  of  our  mynt,  greeting  t  Where  wa 
have  appointed  you  to  make  within  onr 
parke  belonging  to  our  pallaoe  of  West* 
minster,  comoiHy  called  St.  Jamea  parka, 
certaine  bowses  and  defenses  for  orenge 
trees  and  other  forreine  fmitas,  for  the 
beawtifying  of  our  said  parke,  and  likawiaa 
for  the  keepinge  of  our  game  of  dncka  i 
Theise  are  to  will  and  anethorise  jon  oat 
of  such  our  moneyes  as  are  or  shalbe  from 
time  to  time  in  your  handes,  to  pay  or 
cause  to  be  paid  all  such  somes  of  money 
as  shalbe  requisite  for  the  said  bnildings 
and  keepinge  of  cure  games,  aocordingjo 
such  billes  of  charge  of  tha  i  '   *~ 


1853.] 


Notes  of  the  Month* 


515 


subflcribeil  by  the  officers  of  our  worke 
for  the  time  being,  or  any  three  of  them, 
whereof  the  surveyor  or  comptroller  of  our 
uid  workes  to  be  allwaye«  oup.  And 
theiB  our  letters  shiilbe  your  stiffidetit 
warrant  and  discharge  in  thia  behalf. 
Giiren  under  our  prlvie  senile  at  our  man- 
nor  of  Greenwich  J  the  six  tenth  day  of 
April  I,  in  tbe  third  yere  of  our  raigne  of 
England,  France  and  Irland,  and  of  Scot- 
land the  eight  and  thirtieth. 

**  (Signed)  Tmo*  Padseh. 
'*  Dep.  Hug.  Alingtoti. 
'*  To   our  trusty  and   welheloTed    Sir 
Thomas  Knyvett,  warden  of  our  mynt." 

The  date  of  thia  warrant  (1605)  i«  fonr 
years  firevious  to  the  planting  of  the  mul- 
berry garden. 

Eut  wc  are  not  lefl  to  conjecture  whether 
these  directions  were  carried  out.  In  the 
■♦Pell  Records,  Extracts ;  James  I/' 
edited  by  F.  Devon,  esq.  are  entries  of  se- 
veral payoieDts  relating  to  the  stocking 
and  laying  out  of  Saint  James*a  park, 
which  shew  that  operations  for  that  pur- 
pose were  in  progress  for  some  years,  and 
that  the  king,  besides  the  rare  collection 
of  *'  orenge  trees  and  other  forri^inc 
friaitcs/'  (what  were  these  latter?)  must 
hare  bad  a  considerable  zoological  collec- 
tion  there.  Among  them  will  be  found 
payments  for  works,  including  the  pur- 
chase of  land,  the  building  of  houses  and 
tnaklog  of  ponds  for  cormorants,  ospreys, 
■nd  otters,  to  be  there  kept  for  the  royol 
'*  disport ;  '*  the  ponds  being  supplied  with 
water  by  a  sluice  from  tbe  Thames.  **  Ro- 
samond's pond  '**  was  supplied  by  a  stream 
from  Hyde  park. 

With  reference  to  the  laying  out  of  tbe 

f  park   specified  in  tbe    documents  given 

ibove,  there  will  be  found  in  tbe  same 

vork  complete  evidence  that  the  directions 

Here  fulfilled  ;    at  ail  events,   that  they 

*werc  paid  for.     At  pp.   327-331,  is  the 

[  copy  of  a  warrant  issuc'd  upon  the  appoint- 


ment of  the  Earl  of  Montgomery  to  he 
keeper  of  the  palace,  &c,  of  Westminster, 
under  the  date  of  4  Dec.  1617.  It  is  di- 
rected to  the  treasurer  and  under-trea- 
surer  of  the  Exchequer,  and  recites  that, 
*'  Whereas  by  virtue  of  sundry  former 
warranto  under  our  privy  seal,  there  hath 
been  a  yearly  sum  of  Ml.  U.  Bti.  paid  out 
of  tbe  receipt  of  our  exchequer  as  well 
nnto  our  right  trusty  and  weli-belovcd 
Thom«s  Lord  Knivett,  as  to  Robert  Vis- 
count Rochester,  late  Earl  of  Somersetf 
k^pers  succeasively  of  our  palace  of  West- 
minster, and  other  places  thereunto  an- 
nexed ;^*  Stc.  which  mm  wns  apportioned 
for  the  paying  of  charge's  for  vari<>ufi  sorts 
of  fowls  kept  in  Saint  James's  park  ;  and 
by  virtue  of  other  letters  under  the  privy 
seal  (one  dated  27  October,  anno  2  ;  the 
other  12  December  anno  3  ;  to  one  of 
which  the  draft  given  above  very  probably 
belongs),  sundry  other  nllowances  were 
granted  to  tbfl  said  Lord  Knivett,  warden 
of  tbe  mint,  namely,  **  'Jtl/.  per  annum 
for  loss  of  lodgings  at  Whitehall,  formerly 
in  his  charge  as  keeper  of  our  privy  cham- 
bers  and  gardens  there;  6d,  daily  for  a 
man  to  keep  the  orange  trees  and  other 
foreign  fruits  i  and  4df.  daily  to  another 
man  for  feeding  the  rein  deer,  docks,  and 
fowb;"  all  which  yearly  allowances  amount 
to  the  sum  of  72/.  5j»,  lOd.  **  We  being 
graciously  pleased  to  bestow  the  said  of- 
fice of  keeper  of  the  palace  of  Westminster 
on  our  right  trusty  and  right  well-beloved 
consio,  the  Earl  of  Montgomery,  during 
bis  life,  are  pleased  that  he  shall  receive 
all  the  said  particular  allowances  yearly 
during  his  life,  out  of  Ihe  treasury  of  the 
receipt  of  the  Exchequer  ;*'  therefore  the 
said  treasurer,  &c.  are  to  pay  the  same,  to- 
gether with  the  charges  for  keeping  in  re- 
pair of  the  **  fountains^  walks,  waterworks, 
hooves,  and  defenses  for  orenge  trees  lately 
made  by  the  said  Lord  Knivett  by  our  ap- 
pointment/* 

Yottrt,  &c.  J.  B. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

tie  Instittite  of  BriSjbii  Axttrntt^-'-Amn^mmk  of  the  New  Crystal  Palaea  CompHny-Tlie  British 
Mujeion— NdMO  CtttiM|p0OdBn0*'Siqtti«m  MSS.— Statues  for  Ui<?  Londou  Manslou  House-- 
Monrnnimt  to  tbe  DhJdb  of  WcUinglon  In  OmlliWiaU^Tho  Moore  SUtue  In  I>Bl*liu-Tb*j  CaxUiU 
MaraortaJ'-liciaoriali  of  the  lato  Dr.  Picr«ira— Tho  'rradoKSiit  Monument— PiUntingi  of  St.  PauI'm 
Cathadr»l"TliB  London  traJvcralty-Clirirt's  HoapHaJ— JlelUa  of  Sir  Umc  Newton-^Work*  of 
0«ine<H-Scl«ntlflc  Personal  honours-Mr*.  JJoochcr  Stowa— Tba  Bev.  WUllara  ElUa-ranorania  of 
Qranada, 

and  presented  to  Mr.  Sidney  Smirke,  is 
the  representative  of  his  brother^  who 
was  prevented  from  attending  by  the  state 
of  his  health.  To  Mr.  Hargrave  (now  in 
Australia)  is  awarded  the  Silver  Medal  of 


-      At  a  meeting  of  the  Ifmtitute  of  Britith 

I  Arehii^cta  held  on  the  4tb  of  April,  the 

I  itinusi  medaU  were  presented  by  the  Pre- 

ijdent,  Earl  de  Grey.    Her  Majesty's  Gold 

"iedsl  wu  awarded  to  Sir  Robert  Smirke» 


M6 


Note*  of  the  Month. 


tM«y, 


the  Institute,  for  im  essay  on  the  Construc- 
tion of  Walls;  to  Mr.  John  Chamberlain, 
a  sitnilar  medal,  for  an  eaaay  an  the  Ena- 
ploymenl  of  Colour  in  the  Decoration  of 
Building  St  induding  the  use  of  Frescoes » 
Jtc;  to  Mr.  W.  G,  Coldwell,  a  medal  of 
merit,  for  an  essay  on  tbe  Use  of  Iron  in 
Architectural  Construction;  to  Mr.  J.  T. 
Knowles^  a  medal  of  meril,  for  ru  essay  on 
Architectural  Education ;  and  to  Mr.  T. 
A.  Britton,  a  premium  in  Ixioks,  for  Lis 
sketches  of  the  monthly  suhjects  proposed 
to  llxe  students  hy  the  Coundl.     At  the 
same  meeting,  Signor  Abbati  r<^Jid  a  paper 
**  On  the  Decorative  Painting  of  Pompeii." 
This  gentleman  hss  devoted  the  greater 
part  of  his  lift!  to  tlie  study  of  the  remains 
of  Pompeii,  more  especially  in  their  artis> 
tic  featiireB;  and  he  exhibited  extenHve 
ieriea  of  very  beautiful  drawings  of  the 
paintings  of  that  eity,  which  he  described 
aa  fre^(!oeF,  executed  exactly  in  tbe  modern 
method,  except  that,  as  the  whole  of  the 
platter  on  which  the  subject  was  paiDtetl 
was  kid  upon  the  wall  at  once^  some  por- 
tions became  comparatively  dry  before  tbe 
colour  WHS  applied.     He  entered  minutely 
into  the  form  and  arrangement  of  tbe  Pom- 
pelan  bouses,  and  into  tbe  conapOBitioQ  of 
tbe  diflerent  colours  employed.    Tbe  litter 
branch  of  the  subject  was  further  elnci- 
dited  by  Mr.  M.  D.  Wyatt,  and  consider- 
able interest  was  evinced  in  the  restoration 
of  a  Pompeian  housC;,  now  in  progress, 
under  Ike  superlntendeoce  of  Signor  Ab- 
bati and  Mr.  Wyatt,  at  tbe  New  Crystal 
Palace  at  Sydenham. 

Mr.  Anderson,  an  agent  from  the  Cryetal 
Palace  Company,  has  made  a  careful  in- 
spectioQ  of  the  two  British  possessions 
in  Egypt  —  Cleopatra's  Needle  and  tbe 
Ltaxor  Obelisk — with  a  view  to  a  contin- 
gent resolution  to  remove  one  of  theoi^  if 
not  both,  to  London.  The  iuKpection,  it 
appear:^^  h  uufavonrahle  as  regards  the 
Urst.  The  Needle  is  actually  built  into  a 
part  of  the  sea  wall  and  ramparts  forming 
tbe  fortilicatiou  of  the  city  of  Alexandria, 
and  to  pull  down  so  much  of  the  fortifi- 
caticfQ  as  would  be  required  to  disinter 
tbe  obelii^k  and  to  launch  it,  imd  after- 
wards to  rebuild  the  wall^  would  not  only 
occupy  a  great  space  of  time,  hut  must 
involve  a  considerEible  amount  of  expense 
not  originally  anticipated*  In  oddition  to 
theie  circumAteinces,  it  is  stated  thnt  the 
Viceroy  hirowelf  has  a  very  dtrong  objection 
to  a  breach  of  ^uch  a  nature  t)eing  made 
or  left  open  for  any  time  in  tbe  prenent 
state  of  European  (.lolitics.  With  respect 
to  procuring  casta  from  tincieiit  work^  of 
art  in  Egyptt  which  lV>rmed  also  one  of 
the  ohjects  of  Mr.  Andfrano's  vi»if«  to 
Alexandria,  that  |;enlleman  reports  that 
be  had  an  ini«  rview  with  the  Viceroy  of 


Egypt  on  the  5th  of  March,  and  the  Paaba 
tben  kindly  assured  him  that  ev^j  fldli^ 
should  be  afforded  to  any  person  eonailt- 
sioned  by  the  company  to  collect  C0|ifcli 
of  works  in  Egypt. 

The  account  of  tbe  income  and  ^xptiaM- 
tur«  of  tbe  British  Museum  for  the  jtmr 
ended  March  31  ^  together  with  the  ati> 
mate  for  the  current  year,  has  been  josl 
issued  by  order  of  tbe  House  of  Commons. 
The  state  of  the  Library  makes  it  now 
impossible  to  find  room  for  new  books  tn 
any  quantities  : — accordingly,  the  mm 
asked  for  the  purchase  of  printed  books  in 
only  half  of  that  granted  for  last  yrar, 
namely,  &000/.  The  wants  of  tbe  Librj 
are  not  diminished,  and  the  e^peiisei 
the  catabliEihment  cannot  be  reduced,  for 
over- crowding  and  constant  shifting  c( 
books,  alterations  of  press-marks  in  cata- 
logues, and  other  operations  following  of 
necessity,  make  more  work  than  would  the 
whole  live  thousand  poiinda'  woii:h  of 
books,  with  plenty  of  ihelf-rooro  in  the 
Library  to  arrange  them  on,  Whcsa  Uw 
library  building  shall  be  enlarged,  iaffr 
annual  graiits  will  be  rei|uired,  books  will 
be  both  more  difHctilt  to  find  and  more 
expensive  to  buy  than  now,  and  the  nation 
will  feel  bitterly  the  cost  of  procrastina- 
tion, because  the  richest  kingdom  In  tbe 
world  cannot  resolve  to  place  its  national 
library  on  a  fair  fooling  with  tti  other 
public  establishments. — Atfyen^um* 

Nelson's  Correspondence  with  Lady 
Hamilton< — ^the  same  that  was  printed  by 
Mr.  Pettigrew  in  his  recent  **  Life  of  Lord 
Nelson/'  formed  a  three  days'  sale,  la>t 
month,  at  Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkin- 
Hon'ti,  and  on  the  whole  brought  good 
prices.  The  letters  in  Nelson*«  otvn  Uutul- 
writing  were  about  iOO  in  n  I 

sold  for  sums  varying  from  '' 
The  prUe  of  the  collection  Mrn$,  the 
letter  which  NeUou  lived  to  write.  It 
written  on  thick  grey -blue  letter  paper, 
and  wail  found  in  bis  cabin  unhoiahitd 
after  Battle  of  Trafalgar.  Sir  Tliomas 
Hardy  and  Or.  Scott  inclosed  it  to  La»ly 
Hamilton  in  a  sheet  of  foolscap,  and  aeaW 
tbe  envelope  with  their  seolt.  This  hij 
interesting  letter  sold  for  2i/., — and 
gone,  we  are  glad  to  state,  to  enrich  thv* 
treasures  of  the  British  Muaeutti*  It  runi 
08  follows : — 


mr' 

'^  V'tctory, 

19,  liii»,iioaii, 

l«arlM«>4of 
tuiiiSii  tiiat  lit* 

love  OA  1 
litliT,  1*1.. 

-   ♦i"H  of  i«jrt. 

all  1  VLi 

vthmn  I 
liwi  wri 

..1 

Jl 

n 


1853.] 


Noiea  of  the  Month, 


517 


I 


liop«  in  God  that  f  ibAU  line  to  flnlsli  my  letter 
after  the  kittle.  May  FfciiTeii  blciw  yoti,  pray* 
your 

"  fJctotn^r 'iotli.  In  \ht  morning  we  werorlo.se 
lo  tbe  mouth  of  tlie  Straitii,  but  the  wln<!I  lind  not 
come  fir  eiiouirb  to  thu  wmtMriird  to  allow  tlie 
coiii1>fTi6»l  tlwbi  to  weathi*r  the  shenihi  otT  Tt«- 
Ikl^nr ;  but  rliejr  wenj  counted  an  fu-  as  forty  alU 
of  jiliifk-*  uf  war,  whieU  I  suppoiie  to  Ik?  tUlrty-fonr 
of  the  line,  und  six  Cripite.s.  A  group  of  them  waa 
seem  off  Cadiz  tJiis  morning,  btit  it  blown  do  rory 
fresh,  And  thick  ueiirher,  ttutt  I  rather  heUeve 
they  wUI  go  into  the  horlNiitir  before  nlgbt.  Hay 
God  Alml^fhty  tfive  u*  unc^^efc^s  over  theie  fellow-*, 
and  enatile  \\<  to  get  a  pence." 
The  wnting  extends  over  three  §ide9,  and 
bears  the  follawing  words  in  Lady  Hamil- 
ton's penmnnj^hip : — 

"Thi*  letter  wrw  found  open  on  nis  dc:^k,  ami 
hroui^ht  to  Liiily  RumJII^Ju  hy  Captain  Hiinly, 
Oh,  mU-rabJe,  wreti  heit  llnumi  -0)^,  i^lorfutis  an  el 
happy  Nehon  !" 

The  letters  most  eagerly  contended  for  were 
those,  of  cotirsei  in  in'bicli  the  "  Nelson 
touch"  was  most  charnotcnalically  exhi- 
htted  ;  liueh  as,  bis  thirst  for  battle — his 
burning  desire  to  bo  up  with  the  French 
and  at  theDi — or  his  calm  and  modest 
conlideuce  that  victory  would  not  fail  him. 
Others,  again,  were  eagerly  sought — snd 
these  chiefly  on  the  first  day— which  bore 
for  their  iseal  the  large  and  beautiful  profile 
of  Lady  Hamiiton.  Some  which  alluded 
to  the  hero's  bonjue  at  Mcrton,  and  to  his 
desire  for  rest  on  shore,  were  much  in 
r ec|ue  s  t ,  n  fi  d  b  r ought  good  pri  ee^i .  4  /,  1 0#. 
were  given  for  a  letter  written  in  1 799^  in 
whicb  he  says  :  ^'  I  long  to  be  at  the 
Freneb  Heet  as  mucli  os  ever  a  Miss 
longed  for  a  husband,  but  prudence  stops 
me.  Tbey  will  say  tiiis  cried-up  Nelson 
Is  afraid  with  eighteen  ships  to  attack 
twenty-two.  The  thottght  kills  mc.^'  The 
sum  of  %L  wa*  well  laid  out  in  obtaining  a 
long  letter,  with  this  Nelson-like  writitjg 
in  it :  *'  John  Bull,  we  know,  calciUates 
nothing  right  that  does  not  place  tlie 
Britisb  fleet  alongside  that  of  France.  1 
hare  now  trovelled  a  thousand  leagues  of 
sea  after  them.  French  fleet,  French  fleet, 
is  all  I  want  to  h/vve  answered  me.  I  shall 
nerer  rest  till  I  find  them. — and  they  shall 
neither  if  I  can  get  at  them."  The  cor- 
respondence of  the  Queen  of  Naples  with 
Lady  Hamilton  sold  iu  one  lot  for  12/.  \2s. 
Of  the  letters  to  Nelson p  the  most  inter- 
esting were  from  brother  office rs^  as  Earl 
St.  Vincent,  Sir  T.  Hardy,  Lord  Hood, 
and  several  from  the  Duke  of  Clarence. 
Tbe  sale  included  part  of  the  Worcester 
porcelain  breakfast  service  presented  to 
Nelson  by  the  ladies  of  England.  The 
service  is  not  remarkable  for  ekgancc  of 
form  ;  but  as  each  article  bears  the  Nelson 
anna,  and  other  charactt*ristici«.,good  prices 
were  given  for  even  inferior  portions.  Th<? 
total  produce  of  the  sale,  including  the 
break ffti^t  itervicf,  was  ^^IL  0«,  M* 


Napohon  MSS.^''  Nearly  six  hundred 
nnpubligbcd  and  most  confidential  letters 
to  his  brother  Joseph,  written  with  heart 
in  hand,  caleylated  to  throw  the  truest 
light  on  Napoleon^s  real  character,  senti- 
ments, and  purposes,  and  dispel  clouds  of 
Srejudices,  with  difliculty  concealed  by 
oseph  in  Europe,  and  brought  to  thm 
country  for  safe  keepmg,  were,  after  his 
death,  by  my  iuatrnmentality,  depo.sited 
in  tho  United  States'  Mint  at  Philadelphia 
as  a  place  of  aectarity  j  and  after  four 
years'  jiafc  keeping  there,  on  the  !?3rd  of 
October,  18-19,  in  my  presence,  surren- 
dered by  Joseph's  testamentary  executor 
to  his  grandson  Joseph,  then  twenty-five 
years  of  age,  according  to  his  grandfather^ 
will,  which  bequeaths  to  that  grandson 
those  precious  developments,  together  with 
other  unpublished  manuscripts ;  among 
them  part  of  Joseph's  life,  dictated  by 
himself,  and  the  republican  Marshal 
Jourdan's  Memoirs,  written  by  himself. 
These  perfectly  unreserved  and  brotherly 
confidential  letters,  — several  hundred  in 
Napoleon's  own  handwriting,  written  be- 
fore he  became  gre^it,  will  demonstrate 
bis  real  sentiments  and  character  when 
too  young  for  dissembling,  and  quite  un* 
reserved  with  bis  correspondent.  Joseph 
relied  upon  themt  to  prove  what  he  always 
said,  and  often  told  me,  that  Napoleon 
was  a  man  of  warm  attachments^  tender 
feelings,  and  honest  purposes." — Ingtr^ 
Motr»  Hiatoryfifihe  Second  American  War. 
We  noticed  in  our  Magazine  for  August 
18^2,  the  determination  on  the  part  of 
the  Corporation  of  London  to  commission 
the  production  of  a  certain  number  of 
Statues  for  the  adornment  of  the  Mansion- 
hoQsc.  In  carrying  out  their  intention; 
the  Corporation  have  ovoided  competi^ 
lion;  they  visited  various  studios,  and 
tlicn  named  by  ballot  six  sculptors,  who 
arc  commissioned  to  produce  an  ideal 
figure  frijm  one  of  the  English  poets,  and 
to  be  paid  700/.  each.  The  arti^ta  selected 
are  Messrs- Bail y,  McDowell,  Foley ^,  Lough, 
Calder  Marshall,  and  Tlirupp  ;  and  tbey 
have  each  submitted  a  sketch  in  plaster  of 
their  design,  one  fourth  the  real  siie, 
which  is  to  be  somewhat  larger  than  Life. 
The  subjects  are — following  tbe  same  order 
as  the  namcs:^"  Bright  Morning  Star/* 
Milton  i  Leah,  from  Moore's  Loves  of  the 
Angels;  Egeria,  from  Byron's  Childe 
Harold;  Com  us  ;  Griselda;  and  a  figure 
called  the  "  Lion  Slayer,'^  which  last  is 
withdrawn,  and  a  substitute  to  be  pro- 
vided. 

The  committee  of  Common  Council 
on  the  proposed  CV7y  Mttnument  ta  the 
Duke  of  WetUnytfiU  have  made  their  re- 
port, and  the  itourt  have  thereupon  re- 
solveU  to  Hiibmit  the  stainr  to  the  general 


518 


NoUs  of  the  Month. 


[May, 


competition  of  British  artists.  The  price 
is  to  be  5,000/.  and  three  months  are  to 
be  allowed  for  the  production  of  the  ne- 
cessary models.  Five  hundred  guineas 
are  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  committee 
for  the  purchase  of  five  of  the  rejected 
models  at  such  sums  as  they  may  choose 
to  give  and  the  unsuccessful  competitors 
to  take.  To  provide  a  suitable  site  for 
the  monument  in  Guildhall,  and  in  order 
that  it  may  form  a  companion  to  the 
Nelson  monument,  it  has  been  resolved  to 
remove  the  Beck  ford  monument  from  its 
present  position,  at  the  east  side  of  the 
steps  opposite  the  principal  entrance,  to 
the  west  end  of  the  Hall. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  subscribers  to  the 
Testimonial  to  the  late  Thomas  Moore, 
lately  held  in  Dublin  under  the  presidency 
of  the  Earl  of  Charlemont,  it  appeared 
that  1,315/.  had  been  subscribed,  out  of 
which  1,161/.  has  been  paid  up,  and  an 
expenditure  of  138/.  incurred.  A  commu- 
nication had  been  received  from  London, 
through  Mr.  Longman,  announcing  that 
the  London  subscription  amounted  to  279/. 
The  testimonial  is  to  take  the  shape  of  a 
bronze  statue,  to  be  executed  from  the 
marble  portrait  taken  of  the  poet  by  Mr. 
Charles  Moore.  It  is  to  be  placed  in  an 
open  space  fronting  what  was  the  Old 
Parliament  House  of  Ireland,  and  close  to 
Trinity  College,  where  Moore  received  his 
education. 

A  Memorial  to  the  memory  qf  Cajtion 
was  promoted  some  years  ugo  by  the  pre- 
sent Dean  of  St.  Paul's  (sec  our  Magazine 
for  August  1647),  but  it  fell  far  short  of 
the  anticipated  receipts.  At  a  meeting  of 
the  subscribers  held  on  the  10th  of  July, 
1B51,  it  was  resolved  to  place  the  fund  at 
the  disposal  of  the  council  of  the  Society 
of  Arts,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  statue 
in  iron.  Difficulties,  however,  occurred  In 
carrying  out  that  lesolution,  and  it  is  now 
proposed  to  put  the  sum  in  hand,  amounting 
to  170/.,  together  with  any  unpaid  sub- 
scriptions which  may  hereafter  be  received, 
in  charge  of  the  Printers*  Pension  Fund, 
in  order  to  found  an  annuity  to  be  called 
the  Caxton  Annuity,  and  to  be  applied  to 
increase  the  annual  allowance  of  that  pen- 
sioner who  before  he  became  necessitous 
may  have  contributed  the  largest  amount 
to  the  Printers*  Pension  Fund. — We  are 
glad  to  add  that  the  recent  anniversary 
festival  of  the  same  institution,  under  the 
presidency  of  Lord  Mahon,  was  more  suc- 
cessful than  any  of  his  predecessors. 

While  on  the  subject  of  memorials,  we 
may  mention  that  two  committees  have 
been  formed  to  obtain  funds  for  honouring 
the  memory  of  the  late  Dr.  Pereira ; — 
the  one,  general,  of  which  Mr.  N.  Ward  is 
chairman,  and  Mr.  T.  B.  Christie  secretary. 


— the  other  in  connexion  with  tbs  Flur- 
maceutical  Society.  The  first  propoietto 
place  a  bast  in  the  College  of  ttie  London 
Hospital,  and  to  distribnts  n  p«rtrut 
amongst  the  8ub8criberi,^the  Utter  coo- 
templates  obtaining  a  die  for  n  medal  to 
be  awarded  as  a  priie  for  reaeardieo  or 
proficiency  in  Materia  Medlca. 

A  new  tomb,  which  wu  tabterlbed  for 
some  time  since,  to  the  memory  of  the 
old  naturalists  and  collectors  of  antiqsi- 
ties,  the  Tradeteanti,  has  been  erected  in 
Lambeth  churchyard. 

Mr.  Parris  hai  completed  a  floating  gal- 
lery in  the  cupola  of  St.  PouTm  CaiUdr^^ 
to  accomplish  the  intended  restoratioa  of 
the  paintings  of  Sir  James  TbomhiQ. 
Viewed  from  below  it  appears  like  a  lesf- 
like  kind  of  platform  of  boards  floatinf  is 
mid-air  some  320  feet  high.  (ThegriBat 
cornice  where  the  paintings  begin  is  00 
feet  above  the  whispering  gallery,  and  the 
cupola  rises  60  feet  perpendlcolarly,— 
altogether  220  feet  from  the  psTement  of 
the  Cathedral.)  It  is  only  on  readusg 
the  whispering  gallery  that  its  oharaelsr 
can  be  properly  estimated.  It  coraprisss 
two  galleries,— one  on  a  level  with  tlM 
great  cornice,  and  the  other  some  30  Asl 
above  it,  in  the  spring  of  the  eopola.  Tbe 
flooring  of  each  is  sustained  by  poka^ 
firmly  secured,  one  end  riveted  into  Hum 
bolts  inserted  into  snd  through  the  soUd 
masonry  of  the  eopola  (two  feet  and  a-kalf 
in  thickness),  and  secured  with  iron  plates 
on  the  outside,  while  the  further  «id  is 
supported  by  strong  wire  ropes  aecurad 
above  through  the  upper  gallery  to  tke 
framework  of  the  of  er-oome.  Tlie  platform 
occupies  only  one -eighth  part  of  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  cupola;  so  that  when  ooa 
compartment  is  finished  the  gallery  wUi  be 
shifted  round  to  the  nert,  and  so  on  till 
the  restoration  of  the  whole  Is  oonpleted. 

Tbe  Senate  of  the  ^osdiii  Uni9€r9U^ 
have  appointed  two  Ezain&ners,^-one  In 
Classics,  in  the  place  of  the  lata  Dr. 
Jerrard,— and  one  io  Materia  Medica,  in 
the  place  of  the  late  Dr.  Pereira.  Thm 
candidates  for  the  classical  ezamlneraUp 
were  very  numerous ;  but  Dr.  William 
Smith,  the  editor  of  the  Dictionaries  of 
Greek  and  Roman  Antiquity,  Biography 
and  Geography,  and  Professor  of  Clasales 
in  New  College,  London,  has  been  ap- 
pointed, and  no  more  fit  person  could  bate 
been  selected.  The  candidates  for  the 
Materia  Medica  examinership  were,  Dr. 
Ballard,  Dr.  Garrod,  Dr.  H.  Davies,  Dr. 
Dickson,  Dr.  Lankester,  Dr.  Pitman,  Dr. 
Royle,  and  Dr.  G.  O.  Rees.  The  last- 
named  gentleman  was  appointed. 

The  election  of  the  Master  of  CkrtttU 
Hospital,  vacant  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Rloe, 
took  place  on  April  6.    Upon  the  present 


1859.] 


Noiei  ofiht  Month. 


oocBsion  the  old  rale  of  confining  tlie  choice 
to  the  persons  educated  on  the  foandatioo 
was  §et  aside  for  the  first  time.  The  can* 
didatea  were  the  Rev.  A.  G.  Jacob,  D.D,, 
Principal  of  the  Sheffield  Collegiate  School, 
and  the  Rev.  H.  Newport,  M.A.  Master 
of  Exeter  Grammar  Sclmoj.  Ttie  result  of 
the  ballot  wa^  anoounced  as  follows  :  Rev. 
A,  G.  Jacob.  H«;  Rev.  H.  Newport,  80, 
The  «al»ry  attached  to  the  office  it,  we 
believe,  800/*  per  an  nam,  with  a  residence. 

At  a  amrit  given  by  Mr.  Weld  at  the 
apart menti  of  the  Royal  Society,  the 
Neu'iun  Collection  t  lately  bequeathed  to 
the  Royal  Society  by  the  Rev,  Charles 
Turner,  wa«  exhibited  for  the  first  time. 
Among  the  articles  is  the  philosopher's 
gold  watch  in  a  richly  chased  case,  hearing 
a  medallion  with  Newton's  likeness,  and  the 
following  in«;ription  :■ — '*  Mrs.  Cathenne 
Conduit  to  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  Jan.  4, 
17t>8.''  Tbc  Royal  Society  now  posseaaes 
the  most  complete  collection  in  existence 
of  reUca  and  memorials  of  their  former 
illustrious  preiildeot. 

A  new  volume— the  ninth — of  the  great 
edition  of  the  Works  qf  Galileo  Galilei, 
piiblislied  by  order  of  the  Grund  Duke  of 
Tuscany,  has  just  made  its  appearanc-e  at 
Florence.  Its  chief  interest  consists  in 
the  documentary  history  of  the  celebrated 
Galileo  proc^Si  drawn  from  the  original 
records  preserved  io  the  Vatican.  It  coo- 
tains  also  a  large  mass  of  correspond encC) 
includini^  letteis  to  or  from  Castelli,  Cava- 
lieri,  Cesi,  Campanello,  Gassendi,  Mican- 
gio,  and  Torricclli.  This  makes  the  fourth 
volume  of  the  Galileo  Correspondence, 

Mr.  Hinds,  the  astronomer,  has  ac- 
cepted the  appointment  of  Superintendent 
of  the  Nautical  Almanac,  vacant  by  the 
death  of  Lieut,  Stratford.  It  is  worth 
about  hOQl.  a  year. 

Her  Majesty  has  boen  pkased  to  coufer 
the  dignity  of  a  Baronet  on  Dr.  Henry 
Holland f  who  is  well  known  in  his  profeS' 
sion  for  u  series  of  essays  and  papers  en- 
titled **  Medical  Note*  and  Reflections." 

At  the  University  of  Cambridge  the 
Chancellor's  gold  medals  to  two  com- 
meDciog  Bachelors  have  been  adjudged  to 
t.  L,  Craven,  Truaity  ;  /.  E.  A.  Scott, 
Trinity. 

At  Oj^ord  Arthur  Gray  Butler,  scholar 
of  University,  has  been  elected  to  the 
Ireland  Scholarship  \  and  for  the  Johnson 
Scholarships  Mr.  Arthur  George  Watson, 
fi.A.  of  Balliol  College,  as  Theological 
Scholar  ;  and  Mr.  Joshua  Jones,  B.A.  of 
Lin  en  In  College,  as  MBthemoticai  Scholar. 

The  University  of  Kiel  have  conferred 
ikonoris  emu6)  the  degree  uf  Doctor  of 
Fhilosopby  on  our  countryman  Prqf,  Do- 
naldsQtt,  in  recognition  of  bia  «cienti*«  •«- 
searches  and  various  public 


(ration  of  ancient  architectare,  and  in 
acknowledgement  of  Ma  services  in  the 
formation  of  their  Msseom  of  Antiquities. 

CAepalier  Bunsen  has  obtained  a  recog. 
nitlon  of  his  services  to  ancient  church 
literature  —  particularly  by  his  work  on 
**  Ilypolitus  and  his  Age  " — from  the  Uni- 
versity of  G5ttingen.  The  Theological 
faculty  of  that  University  hns  conferred  on 
the  historian  the  degree  of  Doctor,  *'  for 
the  rare  theological  acieooe  of  which  he  has 
given  proof.'* 

The  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Berlin  has 
granted  to  Dr,  Fretmdt  the  eminent  phi- 
lologist and  lexicographer,  the  expeases  of 
a  journey  in  Switxerland  and  the  Tyrol, 
for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the  Ro- 
manic dialects  spoken  In  the  districts  of 
ancient  Rhaetia. 

The  Emperor  of  Austria  has  granted 
the  Golden  Medal  for  literary  and  artistic 
merit 4o  Mr.  Leoni  Levi  for  bis  work  on 
the  "  Commercial  Law  of  the  World." 

Mrs.  Becker  Btowe,  the  authoress  of 
*'  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin,"  landed  at  Liver- 
pool on  the  10th  April,  and  has  been  re- 
ceived with  much  distinction  at  Glasgow 
and  Edinburgh.  Her  first  public  appearaoce 
in  ScotUnd  was  at  the  City  Hallf  Glasgow, 
when  above  two  thousand  persons  were 
assembled  to  welcome  her.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Stowe  acknowledged  the  honour  done  to 
his  wife  in  an  address  marked  by  much 
good  taste  and  feelings  In  reference  to 
American  slavery,  Professor  Stowe  spoke 
in  a  temperate  and  judicious  tone,  explain- 
tng  the  difficulties  attending  any  scheme  of 
immediate  abolition,  and  assuring  the 
meeting  that  many,  even  in  the  Slave 
States,  were  anxious  for  the  removal  of 
the  evil,  and  that  the  tone  of  public  feeling 
on  the  subject  was  steadily  advancing.  One 
of  Mrs.  Stowe's  brothers,  the  Rev.  Charles 
Beecher,  also  addressed  the  meeting,  and 
resolutions  were  passed  bearing  on  the 
subject  of  slavery,  and  on  the  services 
rendered  to  the  cause  of  religion  and 
freedom  by  Mrs.  Stowe.  Her  husband, 
the  Rev.  C.  £.  Stowe,  is  Professor  of 
Tlieological  Literature  in  the  Andover 
Theological  Seminary,  Massachusetts,  and 
has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the 
most  learned  divines  and  classical  scholars 
in  the  United  States.  The  Liverpool  ad- 
mirers  of  Mrs.  Stowe  gave  a  substantial 
testimony  of  their  regard  in  the  form  of  a 
parse  of  a  hundred  and  fifty  guioeas.  At 
the  Edinburgh  meeting  the  sum  of  1000/. 
was  presented  to  Mrs.  Stowe  on  a  silver 
salver, — the  salver  to  be  retained  as  a 
memorial  of  her  visit ;  the  money,  which 
had  chiefiy  been  the  produce  of  penny 
offeiinga,  to  be  spent  according  to  Mrs. 
Stowa^t  discretion  in  promoting  the  Aut^ 
caiu^e. 


520 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[May. 


The  Rev,  Wiliiam  EUice,  long  a  mis- 
sionary in  the  South  Sea  Islands,  and  au- 
thor of  "  Polynesian  Researches,*'  has 
volunteered  to  proceed  to  Madagascar, 
with  his  family,  as  representative  of  the 
London  Missionary  Society,  and  will  super- 
intend an  effective  staff  of  missionaries. 
The  Queen  Regent  has  for  some  years 
cruelly  persecuted  the  native  Christians, 
and  expelled  European  teachers ;  but  the 
Prince,  who  has  long  professed  Christi- 
anity, has,  on  coming  of  age,  openly  de- 
clared in  their  favour.  Upwards  of  7,000/. 
has  been  collected  to  enable  the  directors 
of  the  London  mission  to  carry  out  their 
plans.  Mrs.  Ellis  is  the  author  of  "The 
Women  of  England,''  and  other  works  of 
wide  popularity. 


A  new  Panorama  is  to  be  seen  at  Mr. 
Burford's  in  Leicester  Square.  The  ssl^ 
ject  is  the  Cr/y  qfOrtmada,  end  its  wide 
and  fertile  plun  as  viewed  from  the  gsr 
den  of  die  Greneralife,  the  romantie  old 
Moorish  tUU  which  orerlooks  the  Alham* 
bra.  A  writer  in  the  Qonrterly  Review, 
in  whom  we  cannot  fail  to  recognise  Hr. 
Ford,  the  best  English  nuthority  on  sU 
eosas  de  Etpana,  bears  Talnable  testimoBj 
to  its  merit ;  and  we  can  apeak  personally 
to  the  fidelity,  both  as  to  outline  and  co- 
lour, with  which  the  artbt  has  reprodnood 
the  crumbling  towers  of  the  Moorish  dti- 
del,  the  broad  blue  Vega,  and  the  masBfe 
forms  and  delicate  tints  of  the  Siena  Ne- 
vada. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


7%<r  Peak  and  the  Plain;  Sceneit  in 
Woodlandf  Field,  and  Mountain*  By 
Spencer  T.  Hall,  The  Sherwood  Forester. 
\2mo. — Mr.  Hall  has  been  known  for 
some  years  as  a  popular  writer,  especially 
in  his  own  district  ;  his  compositions, 
whether  in  prose  or  verse,  having  for  the 
most  part  a  reference  to  local  scenery  and 
local  associations.  His  "  Forester's  Offer- 
ing," a  volume  of  verse  published  in  1811, 
and  his  "  Rambles  in  the  Country," 
which  first  appeared  periodically  in  the 
Sheffield  Iris,  and  then  in  a  volume  in 
1812,  were  both  shortly  out  of  print :  and 
the  present  very  pleasing  little  volume 
is  a  selection  of  the  best  portions  of 
both  those  works,  with  several  additional 
chapters.  The  district  which  has  sug- 
gested the  greater  portion  of  its  contents 
lies  about  the  Derbyshire  hills,  the  rivers 
of  Hallamshire,  and  the  still  lingering 
echoes  of  Merry  Sherwood  ;  where  Robin 
Hood  aud  Little  John  arc  yet  familiar  in 
the  tales  of  local  tradition.  His  tenth 
chapter  is  an  argument  on  Robin  Hood's 
identity.  Mr.  IJall  will  not  allow  the 
bold  outlaw  to  have  been  a  myth  :  and  yet 
he  docs  not  appear  to  have  considered 
Mr.  Hunter's  recent  evidence,  that  the 
reign  of  Edward  II.  was  his  true  period — 
adhering  to  the  previous  notion,  which 
connected  him  with  the  partisans  of  Simon 
de  Montfort. 

As  a  specimen  of  Mr.  Hall's  pictorial 
skill  wc  extract — in  a  somewhat  condensed 
form — his  graphic  sketch  of  the  Notting- 
hamshire Water-mills,  a  class  of  buildings 
about  which,  to  a  penetrating  and  re- 
flective mind,  the  spirit  of  the  past  attaches 
more  permanently  than>Imo8t  any  other : 
*'  To  say  that  the  old  water-mills  of  Not- 
8 


tinghamshire  surpass,  or  even  equal,  all 
others  in  that  antiqae  and  grotesque  id- 
terest  which  makes  them  anch  &Toar- 
ites  with  tourists  and  landscmpe-painten* 
would  be  incorrect.  Yet  how  many  in- 
stances could  be  pointed  ont,  between  the 
Ere  wash  and  Doverbeck,  of  old  mills  with 
patch-work  walls  and  mossjr  roo6,  that 
have  maintained  a  quiet  standing,  longer 
even  than  that  of  the  parish  cfaorches,  and 
sounded  their  monotonous  clack  to  the 
slow  and  dreamy  march  of  nearly  a  then* 
sand  years !  Many  of  these,  if  they  do 
not  rival  their  contemporaries  of  the 
Derbyshire  doughs,  or  the  ravines  of 
Northern  and  Western  Britain,  in  the 
wildness  of  their  situations,  have  still  a 
good  deal  of  the  same  origiDslity  of  archi- 
tecture— the  same  corions  aoHqneness  of 
construction  in  their  well-wom  wheels  ; 
and,  above  all,  that  neeeuary  proximity 
to  some  beautiful  glimpse  of  water,  lying 
like  a  patch  of  fallen  sky  in  the  green  ana 
bowery  valley,  which,  under  any  circnn- 
stances,  affords  a  more  than  weloome 
charm.  *  ♦  ♦  Whenever  a  mill  IS 
denoted  by  the  rising  of  its  dump  of  grey 
buildings  from  the  bottom  of  our  valleys, 
a  ]>ond — sometimes  so  large  as  to  deserte 
the  name  of  a  lakelet — ^is  also  sure  to  be 
seen  expanding  in  the  sunshine,  clear  as 
crystal  and  serene  as  the  light,  its  margin 
fringed  with  luxuriant  Tcrdure  ;  and  if 
the  rush  and  clatter  of  the  works  be 
temporarily  stayed,  the  waters  playfally 
esiraping  by  some  sparkling  weir,  as  if 
overjoyed  to  find  a  wsy  to  their  natnni 
channel,  which  may  be  seen  winding 
away,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  accom- 
panied by  its  train  of  light  willows,  or 
dusky  elders."     After  alloding  with  re* 


!853.] 


MisceUaneous  Reviewit, 


m\ 


I 


grret  to  tlie  removal  of  the  old  Abbey  Mill 
ttt  Newsteadt  Mr,  Hall  proceeds  :—'*  At 
the  end  of  the  kke  at  Ruftbrd,  the  Abbey 
Mill  still  clacks  as  of  yore  id  Ibc  green- 
wood shade ;  there  are  several,  too,  oo 
the  little  river  Greet,  in  the  iieigkhour- 
hood  of  Southwell  ;  and  sounda  aod 
glimjiaes  of  niany  others,  etiually  ancient 
and  niral^  come  crowdiug  on  the  me- 
mory while  wo  are  talking.  By  J  he  wny, 
do  you  remember  Goldthorpe  Mill,  and 
one  or  two  others,  where  that  rivulet 
winds  so  beautifully  down  from  Roche 
Abbey,  end  glides  through  the  orchards 
and  pastures  of  Oldcotcj*  ?  *  *  *  • 
And  do  you  remember  the  old  '*  King*s 
Mill,"  between  Sutton. in- Ashfield  and 
Mansfield  ?  It  was  at  the  bottom  of  a 
very  deeji  dell,  on  the  side  of  the  road, 
equally  ilistaiit  from  the  two  towns^  and 
about  the  loneliest  building  between  them. 
It  18  believed  by  many  that  it  got  its  name 
from  the  miller  therCj  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
the  Second,  having  arreated  that  king  upon 
suspicion  of  his  being  a  deer-stealer.  My 
own  belief  is,  that  it  wai  so  called  from 
being  the  manor- mill'^the  manor  being  a 
royal  one.  Though  with  a  few  anachro- 
nismt^ — fluchj  for  instance,  as  introducing 
guns^  which  were  a  much  later  invention 
^Robert  Dodsley  has  embodied  the  popu- 
lar ideas  pleasantly  enough  in  hi«  play  of 
**The  King  and  the  Miller  of  Manjifield." 
It  ig  supposed  the  ballad  from  which  he 
chiefly  obtained  them  wai  com  ponied  long 
before  the  invention  of  printing  \  and 
that  some  portions  of  the  mill,  as  it  re- 
eently  j-itood,  was  of  an  older  date  than  of 
the  reign  of  Henry  the  Second,  there  can 
be  no  t|uei5tion.  Not  only  for  its  legendary 
asiociationst  but  for  the  antiquity  of  its 
appearance,  and  the  picturesqueneas  of  its 
position,  have  I  often  lingered  in  my 
yoiitUful  days,  and  looked  down  upon  it 
from  the  road  with  true  delight.  There  it 
itood,  a  low  dusty-grey  pile,  under  the 
bosom  of  a  fresh  green  bank  that  guarded 
its  dam  above,  bearing  the  mark:^  of  innu* 
merable  alterations  and  repairs.  At  a  short 
distance  foamed  the  little  river  Mann,  in  a 
heautifiil  fall  between  mosiy.  rocks,  and 
flowed  on  by  a  pleasant  shrubbery,  catch- 
ing the  waters  of  a  small  cajcade  by  the 
way,  that  fell  like  liquid  silver  from  a  rock 
beneath  the  road.  John  Cockle's  house 
was  incorporated  with  the  mill,  and  in 
later  timcj^  had  ceased  to  be  a  residence,  a 
neat  little  cottage  having  b^n  erected  for 
that  purpose  in  the  shrubbery.  Ancient 
broken  wheels  and  worn-out  mill-stones 
were  reared  against  the  grey  old  walls,  or 
scattered  about  the  yard.  Ad  ample  bam 
and  its  inferior  appendages  shewed  that 
agriculture,  if  not  forest-keeping,  was  com* 
bined  with  the  niiller'4  nvoeation  after  the 
Gent,  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX» 


days  of  Sir  John  Cockle,  And  with  iuch 
Q  lovely  prim  rosed  slope  on  one  hand,  as  I 
scarcely  ever  elsevvheri;  saw  ;  and  so  many 
quaint  traits  and  memormls  of  primitive 
life  on  the  other;  with  the  brook  calmly 
gliding  away  through  its  centre  into  other 
and  for  ditTerent  scenes ;  whenever  the 
dell  of  the  old  King's  Mill  aod  its  roman- 
tic nf^ociatious  recurs  to  my  memory,  such 
feelings  nre  sure  to  arise  with  it  as  it  in 
sweet  to  cherish — ^only  that  out  of  ttieui 
will  grow  a  pensive  regret  that  future 
times  can  see  no  trace  of  what  it  was  in 
those  gone  byV 

Treaiue  on  the  Local  Nomtnelaiure  qf 
the  Anffh' Saxom ,  a*  exhibited  in  lAe 
**  Codes  Dlpiomatictit  s^ivi  Saxonici ,' ' 
translaied  from  ike  German  of  ProfesBor 
Heinricli  Leo,  Ph.  and  LL.D.  of  Halle, 
Wiih  additional  Ejtamphx  and  ejrplana- 
tory  Note* :  [&*/  Benjamin  Williams,  Esq, 
RS,A.}  llmo.^Wc  ta^e  the  liberty,  on 
the  aQthority  of  the  initials  which  we  Hud 
attached  to  tlie Translation  Preface,  to  stnte 
the  name  of  the  Engli^ihman  to  whom  wc 
are  indebted  for  this  republication  of  the 
valuable  essay  of  Professor  Lt'o*  n  work 
which,  though  directly  relating  to  Englaod, 
founded  on  the  great  English  work  of  Mr. 
J,  M.  Kemble,  and  actually  published  ten 
years  ago,  has  hitherto  enjoyed  no  place  in 
our  literature,  H  is,  however,  we  should 
add,  only  a  portion  of  Professor  LL*o*i 
work,  the  full  title  of  which  is  *'  Rectitu- 
dincs  Singularnm  Person  arum,"  and  its 
scope 

The  etymology  of  places  is  a  subject 
which  has  always  excited  a  considerable 
amount  of  curiosity,  but  generally  attended 
with  so  much  uncertainty,  so  great  a  vn- 
riety  and  diversity  of  conjecture,  and  so 
wide  a  latilnde  of  acceptance,  as  to  have 
di'generated  into  mere  tricing,  instead  of 
contributing  a  substantial  and  valuable 
quota  to  descriptive  topography*  This  has 
evidently  arisen  from  a  want  of  system* 
and  a  failure  in  tracing  to  their  pristine 
elements  those  names  of  which  the  ortho- 
graphy is  now  much  perverted.  When  we 
know  that  by  far  the  greater  proportion  of 
English  names  is  of  Saxon  origin,  it  ii 
obvious  that  no  better  source  of  informa- 
tion on  this  head  can  be  found  than  the 
charters  in  Mr.  Kemble^s  Codex-  The 
names  in  Domesday  book,  there  is  reason 
to  believe,  arc  in  many  cases  perverted  by 
the  misapprehension  of  the  Norman  clerks, 
who  took  them  down  from  oral  report ; 
but  the  large  body  of  names  in  the  Codex 
Mvi  Saxouici  furnishes  an  ample  and  au- 
thentic field  for  the  foundation  of  accurate 
principles  in  this  inquiry. 

The  Anglo-Saxon  will  help  us  to  the 
meaning  of  most  of  I  he  names  of  our  tH- 
3  X 


■MM 


522 


Miicellaneotu  Reviewi. 


[May, 


lages.  Those  of  the  larger  towns,  together 
with  the  rivers  and  hills,  and  other  natural 
features  of  a  striking  character,  liaye  an 
anterior  origin.  *'  Many  (ohserres  Mr, 
Williams)  must  be  sought  for  in  old  Bri- 
tish words,  some  in  Norman- French,  more 
in  the  Danish  and  Icelandic"  (p.  z.) 

Professor  L«o  starts  with  this  rule: 
**  Names  of  places  amongst  all  the  (Ger- 
man races  are  generally  composed  of  two 
members,  the  second  designating  by  some 
general  and  appropriate  word  the  settle- 
ment or  neighbourhood  to  be  described — 
such  as  town,  mountain  ;''  the  first  dis- 
tinguishing the  particular  place  from 
others.  **  This  first  component  has  refe- 
rence to  matter  of  history,  to  an  event,  to 
a  local  feature,  to  a  mode  of  worship,— -or 
it  is  an  adjective."  Very  frequently,  also, 
and  this  is  a  point  which  is  not  sufficiently 
admitted  by  Professor  Leo,  the  first  com- 
ponent is  the  personal  name  of  the  original 
settler  or  early  owner. 

The  first  part  of  Prof.  Leo's  essay  is 
divided  into  four  sections  :  I.  Of  German 
names  of  places  in  general ;  2.  The  inti- 
mations of  German  Mythic  and  Traditional 
history  afforded  by  Anglo-Saxon  names  of 
places  ;  3.  References  to  Nature  in  names 
of  places ;  4.  References  to  Moral  Quali- 
ties and  Customs  contained  in  names  of 
places. 

The  reference  of  various  local  names  to 
the  gods  and  other  mythic  personages  of 
Saxon  story  is,  we  think,  rather  over- 
strained in  Section  II.  Whilst  some  of 
them  may  be  admitted  as  bearing  allusion 
to  Woden  or  Thomar,  and  the  deities  or 
heroes  of  pagan  superstition,  others  per- 
haps retain  merely  the  similar  name  of  an 
early  proprietor ;  or  the  prefix  may  bear 
some  other  interpretation.  Wi*  or  IFttA, 
as  Mr.  Williams  suggests,  may  be  the  Bri- 
tish usk^  signifying  water ;  and  Grim,  in 
Grimsdike,  &c.  is  (according  to  Mr. 
Guest's  inter])retation)  not  from  grima, 
maleficus,  but  always  allusive  to  a 
boundary. 

We  also  look  with  suspicion,  we  must 
confess,  upon  such  romantic  and  senti- 
mental etymologies  as  arc  introduced  into 
the  following  jiassage,  though  its  curious 
suggestions  have  ]>ossibly  some  partial 
foundation  : — **  Islands  appear  to  have 
been  specially  considered  holy  ground 
amongst  the  pagans,  like  as  they  were 
devoted  to  monastic  purposes  in  Christian 
times.  Es-ig  (asen  or  ansen  island,  the 
island  of  demi-god^),  Hel-ig,  (Hela's 
island,  the  island  of  hell,)  and  particularly 
some  savage  mythological  names  of  islands 
or  islets, — these  force  upon  us  the  convic- 
tion that  islands  were  the  scenes  of  those 
executions  which  assumed  the  form  of 
human  sacrifices  amongst  the  Germans, 


and  in  which  the  eriminal  wmi  immolatad 
as  an  expiation  to  tlie  gods  ;  tfans  Torney, 
the  island  of  anger ;  Beddee-ej,  islet  of 
the  effeminate  i  Lndes-ey,  island  of  tk 
worthless.  Domecces\qe,  ineoln  acici  ja^ 
dicii,  seems  to  have  been  a  place  for  con- 
demnation and  execution."  Here  we 
cannot  but  remark  that  Tomej  Is  periiaps 
only  a  variation  of  Thomey,  and  that 
Ludes-ey  and  Baddes-ey  may  each  hasi 
been  called  after  the  personal  names  of 
their  owners.  It  is  anggeatad  by  Ike 
anthor  that  they  were  places  wbere  tht 
condemned  were  drowned  beneath  hvrdlsi^ 
as  related  by  Tacitns.  We  forfher  aospael 
that  many  of  the  places  whiidi  are  sup- 
posed to  perpetuate  the  nythie  or  send* 
mythic  King  Offa,  and  other  personages  of 
the  like  character  (p.  9)»  are  really  naaed 
after  creatures  of  flesh  and  Uood,  who 
were  once  their  sturdy  possessors. 

In  some  cases,  wliere  the  etymology  of 
a  place  appears  evident,  it  is  liable  to  nio* 
interpretation, from  one  of  the  woida  wtudi 
entered  into  tlie  compodtion  of  the  nasse 
having  itself  changed  ita  sense  in  the  tapes 
of  ages.  Of  this,  bridp§  is  aa  example : 
Professor  L^  remarks  that  "  The  void 
bryeg,  brugg,  does  not  represent  what  we 
should  now  call  a  bridge,  bnt  aa  artiAdal 
elevated  road,  a  stone  pier,  serring  as  a 
pathway,*  or  anT  paved  way.**  We  ima* 
gine,  however,  that  the  ezampki  dted, 
Weybridge  and  Cambridge,  are  derived 
from  bridges  across  rivers.  The  asfthor 
tells  us,  also,  that  although  wiiig  oceors 
constantly,  in  the  sense  of  vsy,  as  well  ss 
path  and  Mtrai,  still "  trof  may  also  have 
been  used  for  names  of  dwelling-places, 
for  Mylenweg  (Cod.  Dipl.  1.  109)  might 
be  such  a  place,  according  to  the  sense  in 
which  it  occurs." 

A  review  of  the  words  wUeh  bear  refe- 
rence to  cultivation  predscas  an  interest* 
ing  remark,  that  by  nr  thsir  most  distin- 
guishing characteristic  is  this  that  every 
property  was  inclosed  within oertainbonad- 
aries.  **  Not  only  are  those  the  moat  fre- 
quent words  in  nomendatnre  whiofa  oonvsy 
this  idea  of  inclosure  and  cireamTallatioa, 
and  such  a  one  is  ffis;  bat  the  greater  prfr- 
portion  of  the  words  themaelvea  aignify  the 
same  thing.  Besides  fiSa,  ham,  boh, 
hearh,  s6ta,  wufS,  haga,  fyfSe,  aaadee, 
are  of  the  same  stamp.  Inclosures,  land- 
marks, walls, '  palings  round  about,  are 
everywhere  indicated,  and  appear  to  ' 


*  In  our  vol.  xxxvii.  pp.  486,  576, 
577,  were  several  articles  upon  the  MiffSt, 
landing-places  on  the  Thamea  and  other 
rivers.  From  the  above  definition  it  will 
be  observed  that  the  term  was  applied  to 
them  quite  as  legitimately  u  to  bridges 
which  span  the  whole  stream. 


18515.] 


MisceUaneouM  R«mew.-< 


528 


I 


be«n  morfi  or  lets  Inviokte  mud  sacred — 
through  legal  decrees  or  popular  prepot- 
sessions.  An  appreciatioQ  of  the  sacred 
nature  of  pcraoniil  propertj  betrays  itbelf 
tliroughouL  Anglo-Saxon  culdvation  ;  the 
whole  race  b  imbued  with  rlip  notinii  of 
the  uecnrit/  sud  the  lauclity  of  private 
right,'  and  thiA  b  in  analogy  with  what  we 
trace  io  other  German  Irihe*." 

In  the  section  which  di»euB£^ea  '^^  refe- 
rences to  moral  qualities  and  cusloms,** 
supposed  to  be  contained  in  names  of 
places,  the  anthor  has  relied  too  uuplicitly 
on  tbe  superduoaa  and  merely  ornamental 
epithets  with  which  the  writers  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  charters  embellii^hed  those 
compositinns.  He  Bven  goes  bey  and  their 
intended  meaniog  when  he  interprets  the 
phro^ei  "  locus  qui  ceUh^i  Rimecuda  nwij- 
cupator  oDOinatet"  as  itnpljing  an  "ho- 
nourable appelLatioa,"— where  ceiehrin  is 
notbing  more  than  "^  well-known/*  or 
"  notorious/'  So  also  with  the  term  ludi^ 
dundo  nominff  it  was  a  passing  faucy  of 
the  clerk,  but  surely  does  not  amount  to 
etymological  evidence.  Under  this  head 
we  meet  again  with  Qrim,  wbicb  is  here 
derived  from  grimOt  a  mask. 

After  ail,  there  ore  probably  many  sug- 
gestions put  forth  in  tht^se  page^,  tbat  will 
admit  of  discuj^sion  and  dispute  ;  for  cty- 
mology  at  the  best  is  atubiguous  aud 
deceptive  ;  but  Professor  Ldo  aiid  Mr. 
Wiliinms  deserve  our  beat  thanks  for  tbe 
Joundation  they  bnve  laid  for  ft  more  tyi> 
tematic  and  more  rational  interpretation 
of  the  local  nomenclature  of  Euglaod  than 
bos  hitherto  prevailed.  The  index  to  the 
component  particles,  which  is  given  at  the 
cIobc  of  tbe  bookt  will  furuieh  the  means 
of  pursuing  this  interesting  inquiry  as  oc- 
coaion  suggests. 


An  Analjftit  qf  Herodoiut.  By  J,  1\ 
Wheeler.  (Bokn't  (Mnicitl  Library),  Poti 
%vo. — We  are  glad  to  see  that  this  series 
int  ludes  subsidiary  works,  as  well  as  trans- 
lations. This  is  the  second  edition  of 
the  Analysis,  a  work  which  (as  the  author 
ooohdently  expects)  the  bard-working 
student  will  find  to  lighten  his  labours. 
The  notes,  though  not  numerous,  are  per- 
tioeut*  but  we  regret  that  tbey  are  nearly 
confined  to  the  two  first  books.  The 
Summaries  of  tbe  ancient  history  of  As< 
Syria,  Egypt,  &c.  which  ^'have  been  in- 
corporated in  tbe  form  of  notes/'  it  muit 
be  confessed,  deserve  tbe  latter  name 
rather  than  tbe  former.  There  was  a 
time  when  manuscript  analyses  of  classics 
used  to  be  told  at  a  shop  near  Magdalen 
Bridge,  in  Oxford ;  bat  things  are  mitob 
altered  for  the  better,  as  this  volume  can 
suffituently  testify* 


No(§tf  on  Heroiioius.  liy  Dawson  W. 
Turner,  {Bohn*9  Clmsicat  Library).^-' 
These  are  in  a  great  measure  re-written 
for  the  second  edition,  and  additions  have 
been  made.  They  are  partly  origioa)  and 
partly  selected  from  the  best  com  mentis 
tors,  sDch  as  Wesaelliigi  Baehr,  Heereni 
Stc,  Dr.  Doddridge  io  his  "  Family  Ex- 
positor "  bad  already  remarked  the  coin- 
cidence between  Herod,  ii.  114  and  Gala- 
tians  fi.  1*.  To  the  note  on  b.  iv.  c.  35, 
it  may  be  added,  that  the  late  Dr,  Owen 
Pughe  conjectured  that  Alon,  one  of  the 
earliest  British  bards,  '*  is  the  same  per- 
son as  is  called  Olen,  OlenuB,  Ailinus» 
and  Linus,  among  the  dilferent  people  of 
Greece,  and  e*en  in  Egypt  ;  fur  it  is  re* 
mark  able  that  the  same  attributes  are 
ascribed  to  him  with  them,  m  our  triads." 
(Cambrian  Biography,  p.  5«)  Some  notices 
of  Herodotus,  from  various  writers,  are 
prefixed.  It  is  altogether  a  very  useful 
compendium,  and  we  hope  that  the  ex* 
ample  wiU  he  followed,  by  illustrating 
other  authors  in  the  same  way. 

The  Phartalia  of  Luean,  lYofulated 
into  Engliih  Prtuie.  By  H.T.  Riley,  B.A. 
(Bahn'»  Clatticai  Library,)  Po§t  8vo, 
pp.  xi,  427. — ^A  series  of  classical  transla* 
tions  of  course  includes  Lucan ;  but  a  poet 
whose  writings  read  turgidly  in  venie,  is 
not  to  be  simplified  by  reducing  to  prose. 
Tbe  poet  who  bears  this  process  best^  as 
well  as  we  can  remember,  is  Ovid,  whose 
Metamorphoiea,  translated  by  old  Clark 
of  Hull,  delighted  us  in  our  boyish  days* 
The  main  question,  however,  is  not  smooth- 
ness but  correctness  {  and  wherever  we 
have  tested  Mr.  Riley's  translation,  wa 
have  reason  to  be  satisfied,  for  it  is  nc* 
curate  without  servility.  The  text  of  Wcise 
has  been  adopted,  except  in  a  few  in^ 
stances,  where  the  reading  of  Cortiai, 
Weber,  or  tbe  older  commentators,  seemed 
to  be  preferable**  Notwithstanding  their 
labours,  the  text,  us  Mr,  Riley  owns  with 
regret,  is  still  tn  a  corrupt  state,  Tbe 
notes  are  so  numerous,  that  they  will  often 
save  the  trouble  of  reference  to  other 
books,  for  which  tbe  reader  may  well  be 
thankful.  Mr.  Riley  does  not  always  agree 
with  his  author,  but  in  his  estimate  of 
CieaAr*s  character  charges  htm  with  un- 
truth, maintaining  that  Cscaar  was  "  more 
humane  than  most  of  the  coni^uerors  of 
ancient  times/'  (b.  tii.  1.  795.)  The  con- 
eluding  note,  to  the  effect  that  '*  the  work 
of  Lucan  breaks  off  at  tbe  same  point  as 
CRsar^a  narrative  of  the  civil  wari  '  abowa 

*  The  edition  of  Cortius  was  published 
al  LeipsEig  in  1726  ;  that  of  Weber,  at  the 
same  place,  1821-31,  in  3  vols. }  and  that 
of  Weieeat  Quedliaburgh  in  l833.-^]Ur. 


524 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[May. 


that  Mr.  Riley  has  diligently  studied  the 
subject,  and  may  also  g^?e  rise  to  some 
critical  speculation.  lUe  narrative  is  il- 
lustrated by  parallel  passages  from  the 
Commentaries,  and  other  histories  of  the 
civil  war.  No  notice  is  taken  (that  we 
perceive)  of  May*s  Supplement,  which  has 
obtained  the  distinction  of  being  appended 
to  several  editions  of  the  Pharsalia. 

We  think  a  few  opinions  on  the  original 
will  not  be  unacceptable.  The  contem- 
porary judgment  of  Quintilian  is  perhaps 
the  most  important.  **  Lucanuty  ardens, 
et  concitatus,  et  sententiis  clarissimus, 
et,  ut  dicam  quod  sentio,  magis  oratoribus 
quam  poetis  adnumcrandus."  (Inst.  Orat. 
X.  i.  90.)  Even  from  this  eulogy  some  de- 
duction is  made  by  Crevier : — *'  Ajoutons 
qu'il  n'cst  orateur  que  par  I'energie  et 
I'audace  dc  ses  pensees  et  de  ses  expres- 
sions, et  que  la  simplicity,  le  naturel,  ct 
la  douceur,  lui  manquent  absolunient.*' 
(Hist.  Emp.  Romains,  ii.  503.)  A  little 
before,  he  says  in  plain  terms,  "  C^cst  unc 
histoire,  et  non  pas  unpoeme.''  Niebuhr, 
in  his  Lectures  on  Roman  History,  speaks 
in  stronger  terms  of  disparagement. 
"There  cannot  be  a  more  unfortunate  epic 
than  Lucan's  Pharsalia ;  it  proceeds  in  the 
manner  of  annals,  and  the  author  wants  to 
set  forth  promiocntly  only  certain  par- 
ticular events.  There  arc  passages  in  it 
like  the  recitative  of  an  opera,  and  written 
in  a  language  which  is  neither  narrative 
nor  i)oetry."  Again,  **  Lucan  belongs  to 
the  school  of  Seneca, and  his  example  i«liews 
us  how  much  more  intolerable  its  tendency 
is  in  poetry  than  in  prose.  Chateaubriand, 
who  is  the  offspring  of  a  similar  school,  is 
a  perfect  pendant  to  the  bad  poet  Lucan.'* 
(ii.  157,  220.)  La  llarpe  remarks,  as  ac- 
counting for  the  failure  of  the  translations 
to  become  popular,  "  Dans  I'origioal  il 
n'est  guci e  lu  que  des  littt'rateurs,  pour  qui 
m(}me  il  est  trcs  peuible  k  lire."  (Cours 
dc  Litt.  i.  224.)  Still  it  is  fair  to  add,  in 
the  words  of  Ilarle*?,  "  Ncc  tamen  defue- 
runt,  qui  cum  defendcrent,  atque  Lucanus 
multos  nactus  est  et  editorcs  et  interpre- 
tcs."    (Notitia  Litt.  Rom.  1803,  p.  HI.) 


Ii  iit  Written,  From  the  French  of 
Projeesor  Gawtsen,  Post  Svo.  pp,  231. — 
This  is  the  third  English  edition  of  the 
work  on  "  The  Plenary  Inspiration  of  the 
Scriptures,'*  entitled  Theopneiutia,  which 
was  noticed  in  May  1843  (p.  500).  We 
then  remarked  that  **  M.  Gaussen  not 
only  combats  objections,  but  also  follows 
up  evasions,  and  that  with  great  ability  ; 
and  the  impression  which  he  leaves  on  the 
reader's  mind  will  be  very  powerful,  unless 
anticipated  by  invincible  prejudices. ' '  This 
opinion  we  now  gladly  repeat,  not  only  on 
ftccount  of  its  justice,  but  also  (to  speak 


candidly)  because  it  nudces  our 
task  the  easier.  The  present  editioB  ii 
somewhat  condensed,  bat  for  that  reasoa 
it  will  be  more  soitaUe  to  a  nnmenns 
class  of  readers.  Some  eztraeta  from  a 
letter  of  the  anther  to  a  London  jonnul 
are  prefixed,  which  serve  farther  to  ex- 
plain his  views  and  rebnt  impntntioBs  of 
sentiments  which  have  been  impropeilj 
attributed  to  him.  We  can  add  a  cnraun* 
stance  of  some  little  importanee  in  a  notice 
of  this  volume.  A  clergyman  of  oar 
acquaintance,  having  occasion  to  address 
an  individaal  on  the  snbjectt  found  be 
could  not  do  better  than  make  an  analysis 
of  M.  Gaussen's  work  ;  and  his  attempt 
not  only  effected  the  object,  bat  particiilBr 
commendation  was  passed  apon  it  in  a 
society  where  it  was  afterwards  read.  We 
must  conclude  by  saying  that  this  edition 
is  neatly  printed,  and  forms  an  elegaat 
volume. 

Talpa,  or  Chronicles  qf  a  Gay  Arm. 
By  C.  W.  H.  Vignetiss  by  O.  OmA- 
thank. — ^Talpa,  the  mole,  has,  no  donbt, 
much  to  teach  man — ^the  farmer.  Hap- 
pily some  farmers  are  not  unwilling  to  be 
taught ;  and  so  it  has  been  with  C.  W.  H., 
of  whom  we  know  nothing,  except  that, 
after  having  written  some  cUirer  papcn  is 
the  Gardener's  Chronicle,  rather  scattery 
in  their  style  and  tantalising  ia  the  im- 
perfect information  they  gaTe,  be  has 
tacked  them  up  in  a  remarkably  tastefal 
book,  and  has  had  the  good  fortune  to 
obtain  from  Mr.  Cruikahank  twenty-sis 
of  his  very  cleverest  iUustrative  vigoeites. 

The  plot,  if  we  may  so  speak,  of  Talpa, 
is  briefly  this.  The  author-ftrmer  did  not 
take  his  farm  at  aU;  "  ii  took  kirn,"  It 
was  a  melancholy  possession ;  growing 
worse  year  by  year.  Eveiy  incoming  te- 
nant diminished  the  lent  drew  a  little 
more  of  the  life-blood  that  was  in  the  soil, 
but  did  not  draw  it  into  his  own  veins,  for 
all  who  dealt  with  that  land  were  infected 
with  influenza,  or  ague,  or  marsh-fever. 
So  it  came  to  pass,  that  he  who  chronicles 
the  clay-farm  had  but  the  alternative  of 
trying  to  work  upon  it  himself  or  of 
abandoning  everyremunerative  ides.  **  Col- 
lective wisdom ''  had  pronounced  it  nn- 
drainable,  because  there  was  no  fill.  In 
conclusion,  however,  the  chronicler  found 
**  collective  wisdom  **  wrong,  by  nine  feet, 
and  thereupon  manfully  determined  to  find 
it  wrong  many  times  yet  before  he  gare 
over. 

To  follow  him  through  his  various  min- 
ing exploits,  tnminff  the  land  bottom  vp- 
wards,  and  confounding  every  other  former 
in  the  country,  would  take  too  much  of 
our  space.  Besides,  no  one  ahonld  nnd 
extracts  from  Talpa,  misring  tiie  fom  «r 


1B53.] 


Miscellaneous  Heviewx, 


525 


the  illn^lralor.     Cmi  anything  be  beUct 
tban  the  pictiirt^  of  liorror  and  oppodtioD 
at  the  downfall  of  field  fences,  testified  in 
the  wild  uplifted  twii'ted  arms  of  the  two 
old   bcldnme    pollarda   (p.    48),    again  at 
which  our  Quixotic  chronicler  ia  advanc- 
ing lance  in  hand  ?    \Vc  do  not,  however, 
allow  thia  to  be  a  caite  of  mere  "  preju- 
dice."    **The  park  and  the  pleassunce" 
are  wholly  iasufficient  to  grntify  our  love 
of  fit'ld  houndariea.  Let  tields  have  breadth, 
if  you  please,  but  for   Heaven's  sake  do 
not  denounce  the  leafy  green  frame- work 
of  these  beautiful  pictures  !    At  that  poiot 
where  the  yellow-brown  wheat  meets  the 
line  of  turnip  or  of  cloverj  let    us   not 
be  begrudged  a  little  border  of  the  sweet- 
briar  rose,  or  the  wild  hop,  or  the  cle> 
mitis  \   &  haok   where    the    thyme  and 
Tiolet  may  grow,  and  primroses  ia  spring 
make  the   whole  face   of  nature  cheery 
and  gay.     How  unobservant  must  be  our 
chronicler    if    lie    ha«    not   noticed    the 
quiet,  almost  pathetic,  beauty  that  Lies  in 
our  hedge- rows !     They  are  absolute  sane- 
tuarie*   for    our    wild-fl,owcrs  —  the   only 
eputii   kft   by  tlie  aconrging  and  scavea- 
gering  farmer,  where  now  and  Iben  some 
poor   little  scrap   of  moss  or   fern   may 
nUTMS  itself  up  in  peace.    And,  as  in  every 
coittitry  there  miist  be  roadjs,  who  gao  con- 
template the  bare  drift-way,  without  the 
sfielter  of  a  tree,  pasftingover  hill  and  dale, 
and  not  think  with  fond  recollectioD  of  the 
pretty  rural  lanes,  trees  meeting  over- be  ad, 
sbadowa  thrown  over  the  ground,  and  bor- 
dered in  season  by  all  the  glonoos  bloooi]  of 
May  and  the  bright  red  berries  of  autumn  ?, 
i5o  then,  witty  and  wise  farroer^ingeni- 
ous  C  W,  H. !  we  part  at  issue  with  tbec 
in  Ihiti,  thy  most  outrageous  heresy  ;  and 
not  the  less,  because  thy  very  laat  vignette 
marks  out  just   the  sort  of  Newmarket 
Heath  road  to  which  thou  wouldest  re- 
duce the  poor  travel ter.     Of  such  roads 
we  have  bad  enough — treading  them  often 
with  a  wearied  and  sickened  spirit — pining 
for  the  abeltered  hedge-row  aiid  deep  (not 
lo«  deep)  embowered  lane,  and  thanking 
God  for  ireei  as  fervenily  as  Mr.  Howitt 
thanks  Him  for  inoHittains. 


after  form  a  leading  lealure  in  the  educa- 
tion of  the  agriculturist.  The  author  has 
appended  to  hia  work  two  chiiptcrs  on  the 
diseases  of  cereab,  a  subject  he  appears  to 
have  carefully  studied,  and  he  suggests  many 
valuable  and  ingenious  methods  for  the 
prevention  and  cure  of  those  troublesome 
moladies. 

The  EUmenU  of  Land  Valuation.  By 
Jobn  Lanktree, — This  is  a  praiseworthy 
attempt  to  place  land  valuation  on  a  less 
arbitrary  and  empirical  basis  than  that  on 
which  it  has  hilhcrto  rested.  The  author 
proceeds  on  a  sound  theory  of  rent,  and 
furnishes  practical  rules  and  tables  for  cal- 
culation. It  ia  especially  intended  for  the 
use  of  valuers  of  land  in  Ireland,  but  might 
afford  useful  bints  to  those  of  the  other 
parts  of  the  kingdom. 


The  Fanner's  Manual  qf  AffticultHral 
Cfiemivtry.  By  A.  Normandy. — This  little 
work  is  arranged  tn  a  popular  form  and 
divested  of  all  perplexing  technicalities,  so 
that  it  may  be  taken  up  and  follower! 
through  its  various  steps  by  persons  pre- 
viously uninitiated  in  chemiatry.  It  ia 
therefore  peculiarly  suited  to  those  whose 
business  prevents  them  from  atudying  the 
subject  in  a  more  extended  form.  The  im- 
portance of  a  knowledge  of  chemistry  to 
the  practical  farmer  ia  now  generally  re- 
oogniaedi  md  we  have  do  doobt  will  here* 


Vnitu  io  Htfii^  Farm*  8uo.  pf^,  30* 
T/te  Prettt/  Vilhfju.  %f>o,  pp,  32.— These 
are  two  pleasing  volumes,  in  large  type, 
for  young  children  (we  presume),  in  the 
style  of  the  '*  Book  about  Animals,*'' 
noticed  in  our  Magajsinc  for  Deccinberi 
p.  61 9'.  The  engravings  would  he  very 
attractive  to  children  on  a  booksellcr'a 
counter.  But  they  put  u»  in  mind  of 
*'  day  a  gone  by*'^  and  lead  us  into  a  train 
of  thought  unadapted  to  present  avoca- 
tions. So  we  must  stop  tihort  at  com- 
mending them  to  our  juvenile  friends. 


TT^reff  Months  under  (he  Snow.  18w»o. 
pp,  162. — This  narrative,  which  contains 
the  jottrnal  of  a  young  inhabitant  of  the 
Jara,in  a  perilous  situation,  is  taken  from 
the  French  of  M,  Porch  at,  who  assures  its 
that  it  is  ^*  founded  upon  truth. "^  If  it  is  too 
Uighly  wrought  in  language  for  our  calmer 
English  tastes,  it  is  very  tnPitructive,  and 
may  perhaps  be  the  means  of  enabling  its 
readers,  through  the  exercise  of  aimilar 
motives,  to  meet  the  trials  of  other  lati- 
tudes than  the  mountains  of  the  Jura. 


Diary  of  Martha  Bet  Anne  Baliott/rom 
1753  to  1731.— This  is  an  engaging  book, 
— written  after  the  fashion  of  many  of  the 
imitation  diaries  which  we  have  of  late 
years  read.  And  yet  it  is  more  to  our 
taste  than  several  of  like  dote  and  origin; 
while  simple  and  well  conceived  and 
tolerably  accordant  with  what  we  know 
of  the  state  of  Scotch  society  a  hundred 
years  ago,  it  does  not  approach  too 
nearly  to  our  authentic  records  of  cha- 
racter. We  confi-ss  to  a  dislike  of  intro- 
duciug  actual  aoecdotes  of  celebrated  per- 
sons in  these  newly-framed  *'Diari«»'' 
and  **  Records,^'  aa  in  the  case  of  **  Sir 
Thomas  More.** 

Martha  Bcthunc  Baliol's  Diary  em- 


iM 


526 


braces  the  period  of  one  among  the  many 
plots  for  bringing  in  the  Scots'  **  true 
king,''  each  of  which  cost  heart-breakings 
and  deaths.  Martha  is  the  affianced  wife 
of  the  soQ  of  Charles  Earl  of  Derwent- 
water,  who  fell  on  the  scaffold  in  1745. 
This  Charles  and  his  elder  brother  were 
alike  subjected  to  attainder  in  1716;  but 
while  the  elder  fell  the  younger  then  es- 
caped, only  to  perish  thirty  years  after. 
— ^The  surviving  son,  Charles,  accompanied 
by  Dr.  Archibald  Cameron,  the  brother  of 
Lochiel,  comes  over  on  like  enterprises, 
and  the  Diary  treats  of  his  short  resi- 
dence beneath  the  Baliol  roof,  the  court- 
ship and  engagement,  his  flight  on  disco- 
very, the  seizure  and  execution  of  Came- 
ron, and  the  death  in  the  battle  at 
Hastenbee,  while  fighting  against  the 
Duke  of  Cumberland,  of  Lord  Derwent- 
water  himself.  The  novel,  for  such  it  is, 
is  busy  and  stirring,  and  has  some  well 
portrayed  scenes  and  characters. 

Pitcaim :  the  Island^  People^  and  Pan- 
tor.    By  the  Rev  T.  B.  Murray.     Lon- 


Antiquarian  JResearches, 


[May, 


doHs  ChrieHm  Kn»mUi§m  AMfaty.- 
This  is  a  Tery  intereitiog  and  weU-writln 
compendium  of  all  that  hu  been  told  v 
of  Pitcaim's  island  up  to  the  hot  yew 
particularly  showing  the  preMot  state  o 
religion  among,  the  lettiBray  under  th 
ministry  of  this  Rer.  Mr.  Nobhi,  aw 
giving  an  account  of  the  viiit  of  Admin 
Moresby. 


The  PhUo9ophff  ^  tkt  Setum.  B^ 
R.  S.  Wyld.  Dep.  9vo.  pp.  xiv.  50&.- 
This  treatise  takes  a  view  of  '*  Men  in  eon 
nexion  with  a  material  world."  It  aeen 
to  have  been  suggested  by  a  eonree  o 
lectures  delivered  at  St.  Andrew's  Uid' 
versity  by  Sir  David  Brewster.  The  a«' 
thor  remarks,  that  his  attempt  to  unite  ii 
one  volume  both  physics  and  metaphjsia 
is  rather  perilous,  but  the  subject  require 
it.  (p.  T.)  He  has  touched  on  too  man] 
debateable  subjects  to  pleese  all  reader 
alike  ;  but  there  is  a  becoming  serionsaesf 
in  the  tone  of  his  work  which  ought  ti 
secure  for  it  a  respectlU  attention  i^ 
least. 


ANTIUUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


t,OCI£TY  OK  ANTIQUARIES. 

March  17.  Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Pres. 

Matthew  Dawes,  esq.  of  Bolton-le- 
Moors,  solicitor ;  Charles  John  Aruiistead, 
of  Leeds,  gentleman;  and  Jonathan  Good- 
ing, es(i.  Town  Clerk  of  Southwold,  were 
elected  Fellows  of  the  Society. 

Rob.  Cole,  esq.  F.S.A.  presented  a  manu- 
script copy  of  a  proclamation  issued  by  the 
Pretender,  dated  23rd  Dec.  1 743  :  stated 
to  have  been  affixed  in  the  towns  through 
which  the  rebels  passed  in  1745. 

Edward  Phillips,  esq.  F.S.A. ,  exhibited 
a  variety  of  medieval  remains  found  re- 
cently in  the  bed  of  the  Shirborn  river  at 
Coventry,  consisting  of  rings,  a  variety  of 
implements,  coins  (the  greater  portion  ap- 
parently of  the  15th  century,  with  one  small 
brass  Roman  coin  of  Crispusj,  trades- 
men's tokens  of  the  17th  century,  some 
pilgrims*  and  livery  brooches  of  lead,  &c 

Jonathan  Gooding,  esq.  of  Southwold, 
exhibited  a  medal  by  Albert  Durer,  bear- 
ing the  date  150»,  with  Albert  Durer's 
monogram.  It  represents  a  female  bust 
nearly  to  the  shoulders,  the  head  thrown 
back,  but  looking  upwards.  The  original 
drawing  for  this  medal  is  preserved  in  the 
British  Museum.  The  lady  represented 
was  Albert  Durer 's  wife.  In  the  Museum 
there  is  also  a  copy  of  this  medal  with  a 
reverse,  which  this  has  not :  it  is  supposed 
that  the  reverse  was  probably  attached  to 


the  medal  at  some  subsequent  period,  Mr 
Gooding  also  exhibited  the  matrioee  of  tw« 
seals,  a  weight  of  a  quarter  noUe»  and 
several  farthing  tokens  of  the  raign  & 
James  I.  and  Charles  L  found  near  South 
,  wold. 

Robert  Lemon,  esq.  exhibited  an  oii< 
painting  in  his  possession,  prasomed  to  \h 
a  portrait  of  the  poet  Milton.  It  had  lor 
merly  the  poet^s  name  in  an  old  hand, 
written  at  the  back  upon  the  canvass*  bnt 
which  upon  the  re-lining  of  the  picture  e 
few  years  ago  was  removed.  Mr.  Lemon, 
in  illustration  of  this  portrait,  presented 
the  copy  of  a  letter  presenred  among  thi 
Harleian  Manuscripts  in  the  British  Mn< 
seum  (No.  7003,  fol.  116),  from  Mr 
George  Vertue  to  Mr.  Charkis  Christian 
dated  August  I2th,  1721,  describing  ei 
interview  between  Vertue  and  Dehors! 
Milton,  the  poet's  youngest  daughtert  ii 
which  she  repudiated  a  supposed  por^rel 
of  her  father  then  shown  to  her,  **  it  bein^ 
of  a  brown  complexion  and  black  hair,  em 
curled  locks.  On  the  contrary  (she  said) 
her  father  was  of  a  fair  complexion ,  a  Utth 
red  in  his  cheeks,  and  light-brown  land 
hair;''  a  description  which  Mr.  Lemoi 
considered  closely  to  tally  with  the  portreii 
before  the  Society. 

Arthur  Taylor,  esq.,  F.8.A.,  eommnni. 
cated  some  remarks  *'  On  the  name  oi 
Godmanchester,  as  derived  end  eipUdned 


1853,] 


%n  Htf searches. 


527 


I 


I 


by  Camden/'  That  great  antiqoary  be- 
liflTed  tbe  asme  to  be  deriretl  from  a  cer^ 
tain  Gormo,  a  Danish  chief,  whom  he  iden- 
tified with  Gnthf  um  the  Dane,  who  ob- 
tained from  Alfred  the  kmgdom  of  East 
Anglia,  after  the  battle  in  H78,  which  re- 
stored the  Saxon  throne.  The  only  aotho- 
ritiea  that  have  appeared  in  support  of 
Camden*!  rather  confident  hfpnthesls»  are 
a  namele^M  verse,  and  a  passage  from  Picus 
or  Pike,  a  writer  of  the  time  of  Henry  L 
To  the«e  can  only  be  added  one  to  the 
aame  effect  from  MaLmesbnryr  containing 
the  words  '*  Gudrnm  quern  nostri  Gur- 
mu»dumvocnnt\*'  and  one  from  Ingulf^ 
with  the  worda  ^'  Godroun  quem  nos  Gur- 
m&mtd  ?ooftmui/*  A fter  mves ttgati og  these 
statements,  and  the  identity  of  a  person- 
age whom  the  Dauiah  antit|narie9  hare 
caUed  Qormu  Anglicua^  but  whose  actual 
existence  appears  very  apocryphal,  Mr, 
Arthur  Taylor  concluded  by  remarking 
that  in  the  Oonaesday  Book  the  place  is 
Godmundc€9irtfj  ob  it  is  also  called  by 
Henry  of  Huntingdon ;  and  in  a  charter 
to  the  Abbey  of  Ramsey,  pretending  at 
leaat  to  a  Saioa  origin,  we  find  it  Guth- 
munetater.  Tbepe  are  obviowsiy  different 
forms  of  the  same  word,  and  imply  a  deri* 
vation,  not  from  the  Guthrum  or  Godronn 
hitherto  under  notice,  bat  from  some 
Gn^imund  or  Godmumf,^ — the  Saxon  lord 
oft  detertod  Roman  city. 

John  Brnce»  esq,  then  read  a  paper  upon 
the  Imprisonment  of  William  i^enn  in  the 
Tower  of  London,  A.D.  1668,  founded 
upon  tome  i^ntrics  on  the  minutes  of  the 
Privy  Council  of  that  period,  communi- 
cated by  Robert  Lemon,  esq-  The  im* 
prisontnent  in  question  having  arisen 
out  of  a  publio  disputation  between  Pcnn, 
or  rather  between  Whitehead  nssinted  by 
Penn,  and  the  Re?*  Thomas  Vincent  an 
ejected  minister  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen's 
Milk  Street,  in  the  City  of  London,  Mr. 
Bruce  "a  first  point  was,  that  the  biogra* 
pben  of  Penn  had  over-estimated  the  im^ 
portauoe  of  Penn'i  share  in  that  discus- 
aion,  mnd  that,  misled  by  the  Quaker  re- 
ports of  what  took  place,  and  having 
omitted  to  inquire  into  the  biography  of 
Vincent,  and  the  report  of  the  transaction 
given  by  him,  they  had  done  Vincent  con* 
iidemble  injustice.  Vincent  waa  shewn  to 
be  a  man  of  great  learning  and  piety,  who 
rendered  eminent  service  daring  the  great 
plague  in  1665.  Mr.  Bruce  proved  that 
PenQ*j  comoiittal  to  the  Tower  was  upon 
the  sole  authority  of  Lord  Arlington,  and 
upon  a  charge  of  blasphemy  published  in 
a  work  entitled  '*  The  Sandy  Foundation 
Shaken.^*  The  puniahment  of  the  printer 
of  his  book  was  also  shewn,  and  alao  that 
Vincent,  having  endeavoured  to  print  a 
reply*  the  printer  and  cononaler  of  a  small 


portion  of  his  book  were  brought  before 
the  Council,  and  summarily  dealt  with 
after  the  fashion  of  the  Stiir  Chamber. 
The  endeavours  made  by  Sir  \>  ilUam  Penn 
to  effect  the  release  of  hia  8^>n  were  es* 
tablished  from  the  Council  Book^  ;  and  the 
consequences  of  the  King's  interference, 
and  mission  to  young  Penn  ol  the  cele- 
brated Stilllngfleet  afterwards  Biiihop  of 
Worccater,  vrere  minutely  traced,  and  are 
likely  to  make  considerable  alterations  in 
the  published  biographies  of  the  great 
Quaker  philanthropist.  Stilling  fleet's  in- 
fluence wafl  shewn  in  the  Apology  pub- 
lished by  Penn  for  his  Sandy  Foundation, 
and  it  seemed  to  be  Mr*  Bruce *a  opinion 
that  Stillingfleet  without  the  Tower  would 
probably  have  brought  Perm  back  to  the 
Church. 

Mr.  Bruce  also  entered  upon  the  history 
of  Penn's  **  No  Cross  no  Crown,"  showing 
that  the  first  edition,  published  in  16G9, 
was  a  totally  different  book  from  the  se- 
cond edition  published  thirteen  years  after* 
wardit  and  that  the  statements  of  i*enn't 
biographers  respecting  the  portion  of  the 
work  written  in  the  Tower  are  very  loose 
and  inaccurate. 

The  paper,  although  depriving  William 
Pcnn  of  something  of  the  high-flown  ro- 
mantic interest  which  is  endeavoured  to 
be  thrown  around  every  portion  of  his  life 
by  his  biographers,  is  by  no  means  depre- 
ciatory of  the  young  Quaker  hero. 

April  7.     Sir  R.  H-  Inglis,  Bart,  V.P. 

Arthur  Taylor,  esq.  F.S.A.  presented 
to  the  Society  eleven  proclamations :  via, 
one  of  King  Charles  IL,  nine  of  King 
James  II.,  and  one  of  WiUinm  11 L 

George  Godwin,  esq.  one  of  the  au- 
ditors appointed  to  audit  the  accounts  for 
the  year  1)^53,  read  an  abstract  of  the  re- 
ceipts and  disbursements. 

Henry  Mogford,  esq.  of  Denbigh -street, 
Pimlioo ;  John  Breot,  jnn.  esq.  of  Canter- 
bury; and  John  Watkins,  esq.  F.R.C.S. 
of  Aldersgate-street,  were  elected  FellowSi 

Dawson  Turner,  esq.  F.S.A«  exhibited 
a  fac-Himile  drawing  of  an  illuminatiou 
prefixed  to  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  in 
a  Latin  MS.  of  the  Gospels  given  by  Ada 
sister  of  the  Emperor  Charlemagne  to  the 
monastery  of  St.  Maiimin  at  Treves,  and 
now  preserved  in  the  public  library  of  that 
city.  From  its  perfect  resemblance  to  i 
simitar  figure  in  the  Codex  Aureus  of  tha 
Harleian  Collection  No.  2788,  it  mnit 
have  proceeded,  if  not  from  the  same 
hand,  yet  from  the  same  ichool  of  art, 
probably  Italian. 

The  Rev.  Matthew  Lowndes  of  Bock- 
faatleigh,  Devon,  communicated  a  spe- 
cimen of  the  old  horn-book  for  children^ 
in  general  use  about  sixty  years  ago  in 
damea*   Bchools,   but  which   were  fxtiti* 


528 


luisbed  bf  the  introd action  of  Dr.  Bell's 
Saad'bag. 

Heary  L.  Long, esq.  communicated, from 
the  archives  of  tbe  rauuidpality  of  Vc¥aj 
in  Switzerland,  a  letter  in  French  from 
General  Ludlow  to  the  atitboKtiea  of  that 
town  f  where  be  had  bved  in  exile  after  the 
restoration  of  King  Charles  IL,  written  ia 
July,  15B9*  1  in  mediately  previous  to  bis 
return  to  England  upon  the  accession  of 
KingWiliinmllL 

The  next  paper  read  waa  ''Ad  Account 
of  the  Roman  Villa,  and  the  Discoveries 
made  on  the  Borough  Hill  near  Daventry, 
the  ancieot  Bennavenna;''  by  Beriah  Bot- 
fiddi  esq.  F.S.A.  of  Norton  Hall :  wHb 
illustrations  by  Mr*  Edward  Pretty  of 
NorthamptoDr  and  a  map  of  the  vicinity. 

The  Secretary  lastly  read  a  portion  of 
"  Annals  of  Thothmes  III,  as  derived  from 
Uieroglyphical  Inscriptions  ;  '^^  by  Samuel 
Birch,  eBC|.  of  the  Eritiitb  Museum. 

April  14.     Capt.  Smyth,  R.N.,  V.P. 

Samuel  Joseph  Mackie,  esq.  of  Folke- 
stone ;  Richard  Kyrkc  Penson,  esq.  of 
Oawestry,  architect j  Henry  J.  U.  Nichol- 
son, D,D.,  Rector  of  St.  Albau's,  and 
Vice- President  of  the  St.  Albania  .Archi- 
tectural and  Archseological  Society  ;  Wi\- 
Vmm  Francis  Ainsworlb,  esq.  of  Hammer- 
smitb,  F.G.S,,  and  F.R,  Geog.  S.  i  and 
Frederic  CoUings  Lukis^  M.D»  of  Gnern- 
acy,  were  elected  Fellows, 

A  note  from  the  Rev.  J.  Henthorn  Todd, 
D.D.  was  read,  upon  a  porcelain  seal  found 
in  the  county  Liuaterick  ;  an  animal  on  its 
top  seems  to  be  a  rabbit,  although  the 
head  is  shapeless.  Such  seals  ore  fonnd 
in  many  places  in  Ireland,  at  such  depths 
ia  the  ground  aa  prove  that  they  are  of 
tome  antiquity.  They  are  usually  how- 
ever  square,  and  the  present  is  peculiar  in 
being  oval.  Another  note  upon  the  same 
subjiflct,  from  Samuel  Birch,  ee»q.  of  the 
Bdtisb  Museum,  was  also  read.  He  had 
found  the  inscription  to  be  in  tlie  Chinese 
seal  character.  There  has  been  already 
published,  by  Mr.  Edmund  Getty,  a  work 
entitled,  Notices  of  Chinese  Seals  found 
in  Ireland,  Ito,  Belfast,  IB50;  anil  the 
inscription  on  the  present  oval  one,  an 
unusual  type,  resembles  half  of  that  fig. 
9,  13,  4b\  63,  described  as  partly  unintel- 
ligible. One  character  is  jrtfi,  heart,  but 
the  upper  character  is  uncerlain,  and  the 
seals  have  been  read  in  the  most  coti- 
llictiog  manner  by  tbe  late  Dr.  GutilaCT 
and  some  Chinese  themselves.  Mr.  Birch 
inclosed  the  impression  of  a  seal  of  this 
class  which  some  years  ago  belonged  to 
Mr.  T.  Allen  of  Lambeth.  It  is  the 
No.  9  of  Mr.  Getty's  Plate  I.  This  was 
said  to  have  been  brought  from  China  by 
ft  pi'ruon  who  gave  it  to  his  wife's  mother 
wbru  a  ifirK  ' '  This  (remarjteil  Mr.  Birch) 
9 


Aniiguarian  Researches* 


[May. 


may  perhaps  help  to  fix  the  ege  of  tlie 
seals,  which  are  inscribed  v^itb  a  chancter 
by  no  means  so  ancient  as  some  have  cua- 
jectured." 

Robert  Chalmers,  esq.  exhibited  a  sk 

of  a  small  cross  and  chain,  recently  fofl  

in  a  grave  at  Kingoldrum,  Forfsr»liSi«> 
Tbe  chain  is  of  bronze,  eight  iiiebes  looc : 
tbe  cross  of  the  same  mater:  '  ■  *  "ttie 
more   than   two   inches  in    ^  A 

skeleton  waa  found  with  tti...,  _  I'Ad 
head  and  knees  together,  placed  in  a  sittini 
posture  between  three  alaba  of  stone;  i 
fourth  bad  probably  been  removed,  but  U 
did  not  appear  whether  the  place  of  inter* 
racnt  had  been  covered  with  another  ftoD«. 
Tbe  grave  had  been  at  one  time  witliio 
the  precincts  of  the  cburchyAj-d.  A  i 
glass  vessel,  with  one  or  two  at  her  i 
of  which  no  dii^tinct  account  was  obtj 
were  found  at  the  same  time. 

F.  W.  Fairholt,  esq,  F.S.A.  exhibited  s 
drawing  of  a  remarkable  coffin  lid  of  blaek 
marble,  now  preserred  in  Ely  CaLheilnd. 
It  onee  formed  part  of  tbe  pavemeat  of 
St  Mary's  Church  in  Ely,  until  the  reptir 
of  that  structure  in  1B39,  when  it  wat  re* 
moved  to  the  cathedral,  and  has  been  set 
upright  in  tbe  ambulatory  of  the  choir.  It 
was  found  face  downwards  oa  the  Aoor  of 
the  church,  which  may  account  for  ^ 
perfect  preservation  of  all  parts,  except  tbe 
faces  of  the  figures  on  it,  and  tbey  may 
have  been  marks  for  iconockstic  ^al  at 
the  time  of  the  Reformation  or  the  age  of 
tbe  Commonwealth.  Prom  tbe  character 
of  the  architecture,  which  is  minutely 
chiselled  on  the  canopy,  there  need  be  no 
hesitation  in  fixing  the  date  of  this  work 
to  tlie  early  part  of  the  12th  century  ;  the 
peculiar  treatment  of  tbe  angers  wiag% 
and  tbe  oroameut  upon  the  dress  are  »ddi- 
tional  traits  of  the  art  of  that  period.  The 
inficription  in  Lombardn:  letters  on  the 
soffit  of  tbe  arch — Sanctaa  Hkhadis  or  ale 
pro  me — is  a  clue  to  the  meaning  of  the 
central  bas-relief,  which  represents  the 
soul  of  a  bishop  carried  to  heaven  by  tbe 
Archangel  Michael.  This  eoQTentiocial 
mode  of  representing  the  sool  es  a  smftU 
naked  figure,  has  many  parallelt  in  early 
Byzantine  art.  Tbe  crozier  which  ncoota- 
panics  the  figure  is  of  very  early  cbarar' 
ter ;  it  is  a  simple  crook,  and  la  eeen  of 
simtlaf  form  on  the  monumental  effigy  yf 
Roger  Bishop  of  Sarum,  1193,  in  Saib* 
bury  Cathedral,  after  which  period  the 
form  fell  into  disuse.  An  early  example 
occurs  on  the  monument  of  Bishop  Ra* 
dulphu*,  1123,  in  Chichester  Cathedral, 
to  which  period  Mr.  Fairholt  attribatra 
the  slab  under  notice. 

April  i*:j.  This  being  St.  George's  0.iy, 
the  anniversary  meeting  was  held,  and  tbr 
President  deliTered  his  customary  Addrtsi. 


1833.] 


Ant Iq ua )  ia n  Researches, 


529 


It  appeared  that  fiftj-tieyen  bad  heeii  addend 
to  the  Sot'iety  during  the  preHent  Sesj.ion : 
agalfiBt  nhich  it  has  sujfered  the  loss  of 
aijc  from  death  and  mx  from  retire  ments. 
The  Council  elected  for  the  ensniog  year 
ifl  08  follows:  Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Pre* 
slilent;  Sir  R.  H.  luglift,  Bart.,  the  Lord 
Bifliiop  of  Oxford,  J.  Payne  Collier*  esq., 
and  Cnpt.  W,  IL  Smyth,  R.N.,  Vice  Pre- 
fiiderita  ;  John  Bruce,  esq..  Treasurer  ;  the 
Lord  Mecount  Stningford»  Director ;  Sir 
Henry  Ellis  and  J.  Y.  Akermnn,  esq., 
SeLTctariea;  George  God  win »  esq.,  Henry 
^hanr*  eai^.,  ;  nnil  as  new  members,  J.  B. 
Bergne.  esq,,  Right  Hon,  C.  T.  D'Eyn- 
court,  Richard  Ford,  esq,,  Edward  Haw- 
kiuSt  esq.,  James  Hey  wood »  esq.  M.P,, 
the  Rev.  Juaeph  Hunter*  Robert  Lento  a, 
esq.,  Peter  Levesque,  esq.,  J.  H.  Parker, 
esq.^  and  Sir  Charles  George  Young, 
Garter. 


ARCHAEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTE. 

April  I.     Sir  J.  P.  Boile^iu,  Bart.  V.P. 

Mr*  W.  H.  Clarke,  of  York,  communi* 
eated  an  nccoiiut  of  tlie  tessellated  pave- 
ment recently  found  at  York,  which  was 
noticed  in  our  last  Magazine,  p.  398. 

Edward  Hawkini,  e^jq,  introduced  to 
the  notice  of  tbe  meeting  a  portiiin  of  the 
remarkihlc  British  and  Roman  antiquities 
discovered  on  Farley  Heathy  Surrey,  in 
184B,  on  the  property  of  Henry  Drnm- 
mondl,  esq.  M.P.  Exteagive  vesittges  of 
entrenchments  are  there  Tisible,  and  tra- 
dition pointed  out  the  spot  as  tlie  site  of 
an  ancient  town.  Foundations  of  build- 
ings have  been  brought  to  light,  and  in 
the  course  of  excavations  prosecuted  by 
Mr.  Drummond's  direction,  numerous 
ornament*  have  been  found,  many  of  them 
beaatifully  euameUed  and  of  very  singular 
forma ;  several  bronze  celts,  of  uuuiiual 
types,  a  Urge  assemblage  of  Roman  coins, 
upwards  of  a  thousand,  compKaiog  coins 
of  forty -live  Caesar?,  and  several  unde* 
scribed  coins  of  British  princes.  A  pot- 
ter^s  kilii  was  discovered,  containing  seve- 
ral urns  of  the  usual  Romano- Brit  tab 
wares,  arranged  therein  for  tbe  purpose 
of  being  Ared ;  numerous  fragments  of 
Samian  vessels,  relics  of  glass,  &c« ;  and 
witb  these  were  discovered  also  objects  of 
an  earlier  period ,  weapons  or  implements 
of  stone,  aiid  antiquities  of  the  class  usu- 
ally  attributed  to  &a  early  Brittsh  age.  A 
record  of  these  remarkable  discoveries  was 
published  in  1850,  by  tbe  accomplished 
poet,  Martin  Farqnbar  Tupper,  esq,  who 
resides  in  tbe  immediate  neighbourhood. 

Mr.  Hewitt  communit^ted  an  account 
of  tbe  monster  cannon  preserved  at  Edin- 
burgh Castle,  known  as  Mons  Meg,  and 
formerly  at  the  Tower  of  London,  wbence 
it  WAS  convevcid  hack  to  Scottund^  bv  order 

Grnt.  Mio,  Vol.  XXX IX, 


of  George  IV.,  in  1829.  This  extraor- 
dinary piece  of  aocieut  ordnance  closely 
resembles  the  huge  bombard  at  Ghent, 
supposed  to  be  tbe  same  which  is  men- 
tioned  by  Froissart.  Mons  Meg  is  first 
named  in  the  reign  of  James  IV.,  having 
been  used  at  the  siege  of  Dumbarton  in 
UBi)  ;  but  tradition  affirms  that  the  piece 
existed  long  prior  to  that  time.  The  con- 
struction is  very  curious^  long  bars  of 
iron  are  welded  together,  like  the  staves 
of  a  cask,  and  strongly  hooped  with  welded 
iron  ;  the  length  is  upwards  of  fifteen  feet, 
and  the  enormous  weight  rendered  this 
cannon  almost  unmanageable  in  the  field. 
It  has  been  tiupposcd,  with  much  proba- 
bility, that  it  was  fabricated  at  Mont,  in 
Flanders,  wherure  James  IL,  King  of 
Scots,  imported  in  14b'0,  as  chroniclers 
have  recorded,  a  celebrated  bombard, 
called  the  Lion, 

The  Dean  of  Exeter  exhibited  a  draw, 
ing  of  tbe  fresco -painting,  representing 
the  Resurrection,  lately  discovered  in 
Exeter  Cathedral.  The  whitewash  has 
been  carefully  removed,  and  the  painting 
is  a  work  of  considerable  merit,  apparently 
of  tbe  fifteenth  century.  Tbe  principal 
figures  measure  about  live  feet  in  height. 

Mr.  Nesbitt  produced  a  selection  from 
his  collection  of  German  sepulchral  brasses, 
comprising  the  memorials  of  Frederick  the 
Warlike,  Elector  of  Saxony,  who  died 
1128,  two  of  bis  successors,  and  other  en- 
graved memorials  from  Bamberg,  Erfurt, 
and  Nanmburg,  specimens  of  monumental 
chalcography  of  large  dimension,  hitherto 
unknown  to  collectorti  iu  England. 

The  Hon.  Richard  Neville  laid  before 
the  meeting  several  bronze  weapons,  witb 
a  bronze  mould  for  tbe  fabrication  of  celts, 
fouml  in  North  Wales,  and  several  orna- 
ments lately  brought  to  lig^ht  by  his  own 
excavations  on  a  site  of  Romnn  occupatioD 
discovered  in  the  previous  month  on  Lord 
Brsybrooke*6  property  at  Wenden,  Essex. 

Mr.  Hewitt  gave  an  account  of  a  fine 
helmet  exhibited  by  the  Hon.  Board  of 
Ordnance  ;  it  is  of  German  workmanship, 
of  the  time  of  Henry  VI I L  and  remarka- 
ble for  its  peculiar  construction,  and  the 
elaborately  engraved  ornament  which 
covers  every  part.  He  also  produced  a 
Spanish  **CDchil1o  di  monte,"  bearing  the 
arms  of  Castile  and  Leon,  and  presenting 
a  cloAe  resemblance  to  tbe  earlieat  form 
of  tbe  bayonet ;  he  supposes  tbe  bayonet 
to  have  been  originally  used  in  boar- 
huoting. 

Mr.  Henderson  produced  a  cariout  piece 
of  enamelled  plate,  bearing  the  royal  arms 
of  England  with  those  of  Cardinal  Bain> 
bridge,  to  whom  this  interesting  ohjrct 
doubtless  belonged.  The  enamel  is  of  the 
most  fariliiant  colour,  and  the  work  may 
3  Y 


530 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


[May, 


be  Italian  I  executed  during  the  Cardinal*  8 
embassy  to  Rome,  where  he  died. 

A  short  account  was  given  by  Mr.  Way 
of  the  existence  of  another  example  of  the 
extraordinary  and  barbarous  punishment 
of  sacrilege,  by  nailing  the  skin  of  the 
offender,  in  terrorem,  on  the  door  of  the 
church.  Tradition  had  connected  this 
practice  with  the  times  of  the  Danes, 
as  at  Hadstock,  in  Cambridgeshire,  and 
in  the  present  instance  such  a  notion 
had  prevailed.  The  door,  of  which  both 
sides  had  once  been  covered  with  human 
skin,  is  to  be  seen  at  Westminster  Abbey, 
and  the  existence  of  this  strange  relic  of 
barbarity  was  pointed  out  by  Mr.  E. 
Cooke,  the  artist,  during  the  visit  to  the 
Abbey  last  year,  under  the  guidance  of 
Professor  Donaldson,  for  the  inspection  of 
the  royal  tombs.  Mr.  Way  also  called 
attention  to  the  mural  painting,  rarely 
seen  by  the  public,  a  remarkable  example 
of  art  in  the  fourteenth  century,  in  a 
chapel  situate  between  the  south  transept 
and  the  Chapter  House.  It  represents 
St.  Faith,  and  is  engraved  in  Malcolm's 
Londinium  Redivivum,  and  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  December,  1821. 

Amongst  other  objects  of  curiosity  ex- 
hibited were  the  spurs  once  worn  by  Sir 
Robert  Cotton,  shown  by  Mr.  Homfray ; 
some  ancient  Peruvian  pottery,  sent  by 
the  Rev.  W.  Hennah  ;  the  seal  of  Simon 
Basset,  of  Sapcote,  summoned  to  Parlia- 
ment amongst  the  barons,  in  the  time  of 
Edward  I.  which  was  lately  found  in  Lin- 
colnshire ;  and  several  rings  and  personal 
ornaments  of  various  periods. 


ARCH^OLOOICAL  AR80CIATI0N. 

March  23.  Mr.  Albert  Woods,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster  Herald,  exhibited  a  collection  of 
coins,  among  which  was  a  half-sovereign 
of  Elizabeth,  a  false  denarius  of  Marciana, 
a  small  brass,  struck  at  Rome  in  the  age 
of  Constantine  the  Great — and  the  cast  of 
a  coin .  of  great  rarity — Sulpicius  Antoni- 
nus, a  usurper  in  Syria  of  the  time  of 
Claudius  Gothicus.  The  reverse  has  the 
temple  and  figure  of  the  famous  Deity  of 
Elagabalus,  El  Gabal,  and  reads  emicion, 
the  people  of  Emicia. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  F.S.A.  read  a 
very  interesting  paper  on  the  so-called 
Celts,  with  a  view  to  their  classification. 

Mr.  Charles  Warne  exhibited  a  portion 
of  stencilled  panel,  obtained  from  an  old 
house  in  Dorsetshire,  of  the  time  of  Eliza- 
beth. It  represents  a  human  figure  with 
an  ass's  head,  carrying  a  large  stick  over 
his  shoulder,  from  which  was  suspended  a 
fish.  This  probably  is  a  rebus,  or  has  re- 
ference to  some  legend. 

Mr.  Tacker  exhibited  a  pedigree  of  the 
family  of   Newcomen,   of   Salt  Fleetby, 


signed  by  Cooke,  Clarencieux,  and  Cot- 
grave,  Richmond  Herald. 

Mr.  Pettigrew  continued  his  description 
of  a  pack  of  pictorial  cards  caricaturing 
the  events  of  the  English  Commonwealth, 
and  he  illustrated  the  subjects  it  represents 
by  a  reference  to  various  biographical  and 
historical  works,  and  particularly  to  the 
ballads  and  broadsides  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum,  upon  the  presentation  of 
George  III. 

KILKENNY  ANTIQUARIAN  SOCIBTT. 

March  16.  At  this  meeting  resolutions 
were  passed  for  enlarging  the  sphere  of  the 
Society,  by  adding  to  the  title  Kilkenny 
the  words  *'  and  South-east  of  Ireland  ;" 
and  by  making  an  arrangement  for  the  pub- 
lication of  original  historical  documents. 
It  is  proposed  that  in  addition  to  the  an- 
nual subscription  of  Five  Shillings  mem- 
bers shall  optionally  contribute  Ten  Shil- 
lings, and,  should  one  hundred  such 
additional  subscriptions  be  procured,  an 
annual  volume  shall  be  printed,  to  consist 
of  antiquarian  and  historical  rare  or  un- 
published matter  of  a  local  nature ;  such 
volume  to  be  distinct  from  the  Transac- 
tions of  the  Society,  and  to  be  supplied 
solely  to  the  subscribers  of  Ten  Shillings. 
For  this  purpose  a  store  of  manuscripts 
is  waiting  in  the  hands  of  the  secretaries, 
derived  from  the  archives  of  the  city  ; 
Mr.  Hore,  of  Pole  Hore,  is  prepared  to 
edit  many  documents  relating  to  Kilkeiiny 
and  Wexford ;  and  the  Dean  of  Waterford 
has  forwarded  some  relating  to  that  city. 
Mr.  John  O'Daly,  of  Dublin,  has  also  com- 
municated a  translation  of  an  Irish  tractate 
on  the  Inauguration  of  Cathel  Crobhdhearg 
O'Connor,  last  King  of  Connaught,  a.o. 
1224,  fully  illustrated  with  notes  by  Pro- 
fessor  O' Donovan. 

The  Secretary  announoed  that  the  sub- 
scriptions for  the  repairs  of  Jerpoint  abbey 
amounted  to  56/.  7«. ;  and  it  was  agreed 
to  present  petitions  to  Parliament  for  the 
preservation  of  National  Monuments,  and 
for  assimilating  the  law  of  Treasure-trove 
to  that  of  Denmark. 

Among  the  presents  were  a  brass  pocket 
sun-dial,  found  in  a  sand-hill  near  Shan- 
kill  ;  and  a  supposed  oenser  of  stone  found 
in  1 B04  in  the  royal,  but  pagan,  cemetery 
of  Rathcroghan,  co.  Roacommon. 

The  Rev.  James  Grayes  read  a  paper  on 
a  piece  of  silver  Ring- Money,  purchased 
for  the  Society's  museum.  It  is  of  the 
purest  silver,  rudely  formed,  and  weighs 
14  dwts.  1  gr.  It  is  the  only  piece  pre- 
served of  a  hoard  of  silver,  which  would 
have  filled  a  quart,  found  in  the  cuttinga 
of  the  Waterford  and  Kilkenny  Railway  at 
Derrynahinch,  in  Sept.  1841.  There  were 
about  tweWe  or  fourteen  ringt,  many  flat 


1853.] 


Aniiq ua ria n  Rexea I'ch €j» . 


lai 


pieces  of  silver,  aiid  others  of  tari^iis 
forms. 

R.  Hitchcock,  es(|.  of  THuity  College, 
Dublin,  communicatetl  a  noticre  of  a  sculp- 
tured stone  in  the  loneiy  sea-side  church 
of  Annagh,  co.  Kerrj.  It  exbihit:^^  iu 
rude  and  bold  relief,  the  figure  c^f  a  aiau 
on  horseback. 

John  G.  A.  Prim,  esc|,  r^d  a  paper  oa 
the  Olden  Popular  Piistiinea  in  Kiiketmy, 
The  foremost  of  thi'sei  was  Bull-haitingp 
which  was  practised  in  the  town  jirohehly 
from  its  foundation  by  the  liurl  Marelmi 
of  England  in  the  thirteefith  century.  Its 
arrangements  were  c-onficled  to  a  conimft* 
tee  of  the  municip:i]  body  styled  **The 
Grand  Council  of  tlw  BuIUrjog;"  for  ad- 
mission to  which  two  burgesdHE^s  paid  mo 
less  a  fee  than  twenty  marks  in  ibe  year 
1591.  The  chief  constable  of  the  town 
was  called  Lord  of  Butlrinst  a»id,  after  the 
town  received  a  mayor  for  its  chief  mugls" 
trate  in  1609,  the  Mayor  of  Bullring*  n 
salary  of  6/.  13«.  id.  being  aaaigued  to  the 
office.  At  the  same  period  this  order  was 
made  :  "  The  butchers  of  the  city  always 
to  provide  sufficient  bulls  for  the  EiiU- 
baiting,  to  be  used  on  St.  John's  day  In 
the  Christmas  holidays^  aud  the  Mayor  of 
the  Bullring  to  provide  rop«sand  Cieit ;  and 
the  butchers  that  do  not  contribute  be 
prohibited  following  the  tmde,^^  A  little 
more  than  a  century  ago  coek-tighliiiig 
became  more  fashioimble,  and  ia  Mil  the 
sum  of  20/.  was  granted  by  the  corpora- 
tion  for  building  a  c  uukpit.  Tbia  cockpit 
was  in  use  in  1816  and  later  ;  but  a  bull 
continued  to  be  baited  on  every  Michael* 
mas  day,  on  the  occu^ion  of  flwearing  the 
new  mayor  into  offict;,  and  theeut^tom  was 
last  observed  on  the  3:ith  SepU  1837* 
Mr.  Prim's  paper  treated  algo  of  dranaatic 
mysteries,  performifd  on  Corpus  Cfarbti- 
day,  cards,  dice,  archery,  tetinis,  and  other 
games,  as  illustrated  by  the  recardfl  of 
the  corporation. 

Mr.  Hitchcock  aho  comaiunicatednQtef 
on  the  Round  Towers  of  the  coanty  of 
Kerry. 


THE    SUFFOLK    INSTITUTE    O*   AftCB^O- 
LOGY    AND  NATURAL  HISTOHF. 

April  13.  At  the  fifth  aunual  meeting 
of  the  Bury  and  Wi^i^t  Suffolk  Archteolo- 
gical  Society,  the  R^,^".  Lord  Arthur  Her- 
vey  took  the  chair. 

In  pursuance  of  Rcsoliitiotii  passed  at  a 
Special  Meeting  held  on  the  J  3th  Jan. 
1853,  arrangements  have  been  tnadia  for 
placing  the  Institute  in  uiiiuu  Mrilli  the 
Bury  St.  Edmund's  AthenKum  ;  by  Vfhich 
the  valuable  collection  of  spedineo^  hither- 
to known  as  the  Bury  and  West  Suffolk 
Museum,  will  come  und^r  the  direction  of 
the  Institute;  and  for  t^naporary  reeeptiou 


and  display  of  which  a  commodious  hoti^e 
h^s  been  provided.  It  has,  thereforei 
been  deemed  advisable  tn  widen  the  range 
of  the  Society's  action,  by  taking  in  the 
whole  coouty  of  SulTolkf  and  to  extend  i|a 
spheric  of  rciiearch  by  emh racing  every  d6-> 
partment  of  the  natural  history  as  well  w 
of  the  archiBology  of  the  district*  With 
this  view  it  H  proposed  to  alter  the  title  of 
the  Society  to  the  Suffolk  Institute  of  Ar- 
cheology iind  Natural  History  ;  to  extend 
the  eittsting  museum  and  library*  aod  to 
form  a  gallery  of  Jirtj  to  which  each  mem^ 
be r shall  have  access  for  hitHself  andfrienJfi| 
to  holdr  as  usual,  four  meetingij  in  the 
year^  for  the  ei^hibitiou  of  objcGts  and  spe- 
cimengf  and  for  readiijg  commuuicatiotia 
explanatory  thereof,  or  io  clucLdetion  of 
auy  suh]t;«c  connected  with  the  objects  of 
the  Society.  As  these  Itni^ortant  exten^ 
ftions  com  only  be  carried  out  by  an  inefeaflfl 
of  funds p  it  1^  propo^d  to  raise  the  sub- 
scriptioas  frotn  btAo  \0s.  per  annumi  and 
estrnestly  to  invite  all  who  desire  to  see  tho 
science  of  their  county  sdcquately  reprie^ 
seated  and  set  forth,  to  give  tb^ir  counte- 
nance and  support  to  the  Society* 

Mr.  Chcirles  Uiue  eommunicated  an  la- 
terestiug  letter  from  the  Duke  of  Rich^ 
mund  to  **  Honest  Tom  Martin/'  of  PaJ' 
grave,  dated  ^'  King's  Head  Quarters^  Ha* 
nan,  July  13,  1743,'^  givitig  souic  pnrtica- 
lan  connected  with  the  battle  of  Dettingens 
which  wa^  followed  by  anioiereiiting  papet 
drawn  up  by  the  aecretft.ry,  Mr.  Tymma, 
on  the  old  Hectory  Lloiitb  at  Hiiwsted^ 
built  by  Dr.  Joseph  Hall^  Bishop  of  Nor* 
wicb,  and  now  about  to  be  pulled  down, 
in  which  was  iatrodaced  the  pious  pre^ 
Ute's  own  simple  and  toochiiig  account  of 
his  preseutation  to  the  lU'lng,  his  marriiiige, 
aud  stay  In  and  removal  from  that  ''*  sweet 
and  eiviU  county  of  Sutfolkt  nenr  to  Si 
Eduiotid'i  Bury/*  aS'  eYicliincini^  some 
*'  speclaUtleft  of  Piviue  Providence  "'  in  his 
life. 

Lord  A'  Merfty  eihibited  a  number 
of  fing  impreiiions  of  rare  l^man  coim, 
aoine  English  sUfer  coimi,  and  a  cop- 
per mfdal  of  Pope  Urban  VI IT,  Mr, 
S.  Goldipg  exhibited  a  number  of  ancient 
documents  connected  with  property  in  the 
county,  S4;verfll  of  them  having  tine  imprw* 
sioas  of  royal  and  other  seals  attached ; 
and  Mr.  A 1  mock  a  dee<l  of  grant  from 
Nicholas!  Rabbye  to  Anthony  Butler  tud 
H<?ury  Collyn,  gentlemen,  of  the  messuage 
**mllfd  tht?  GuildhallJ'  in  Risbygnte*»ti 
Bury,  ddiedT  Oct.  1569* 

The  Rev  H.  Creed  exhibited  a  gold 
rin^  ilkcovcFeLl  in  1852^  near  Onehouje 
Bridgf^i  iin  the  silt  of  thfi  river  Gipptog, 
with  the  devicB  in  a  ^mall  »4|iiiiiri:  facet  id 
an  owl  in  the  act  of  pouiiciag  upon  a 
mouse  I  a  oouve.i,  Roman  tntagllo  orn  vU 


532 


Foreign  News. 


[May, 


treous  substance,  representing  a  Roman 
sacrifice,  set  in  silver  as  a  seal ;  a  fine  gold 
seal-ring  discovered  at  Fareham,  Hamp- 
shire, with  the  device  of  a  rose-slip,  on  an 
oval  facet ;  and  a  silver  gilt  ring,  dis- 
covered July,  1852,  in  Wetheringsett 
churchyard.  It  has  a  lozenge- shaped  agate 
and  the  legend  -}~  ^^^  nazarbnvs,  rex 
I.  Mr.  6.  Fenton  exhibited  a  gold  ring, 
with  pelican  feeding  her  young,  found  in 
Bury  ;  a  Roman  belt,  found  in  a  tomb  at 
Cumse,  Sicily,  from  the  collection  of  the 
Count  de  M ilano ;  and  a  presumed  Celtic 
weapon  of  stone,  found  at  Mildenhall. 

ANCIENT  BABYLON. 

The  French  government  has  employed  a 
party  of  gentlemen  to  explore  the  site  of 
ancient  Babylon  ;  and  it  appears  that  they 
have  ascertained,  beyond  reasonable  doubt, 
that  the  ruins  beneath  a  tumulus  called 
the  Kasr  are  those  of  the  marvellous 
palace-citadel  of  Semiramis  and  Nebu- 
chadnezzar. They  arc  in  such  a  state  of 
confusion  and  decay  that  it  is  impossible 
to  form  from  them  any  idea  of  the  extent 
or  character  of  the  edifice.  They  appear, 
however,  to  extend  beneath  the  bed  of 
the  Euphrates — a  circumstance  accounted 
for  by  the  change  in  the  course  of  that 
river.  In  them  have  bceit  found  sarco- 
phagi, of  clumsy  execution  and  strange 
form,  and  so  small  that  the  bodies  of  the 
dead  must  have  been  packed  up  in  them — 
the  chin  touching  the  knees,  and  the  arms 
being  pressed  on  the  breast  by  the  legs. 
These  sarcophagi  have  every  appearance 
of  having  been  used  for  the  lowest  class  of 
society  :  but,  notwithstanding  the  place  in 
which  they  were  found,  the  discoverers 
are  inclined  to  think  that  they  are  of 
Parthian  not  Chaldean  origin.  There  have 
also  been  found  numerous  fragments  of 
enamelled  bricks,  containing  portions  of 
the  figures  of  men  and  animals,  together 
with  cuneiform  inscriptions  —  the  latter 
white  in  colour  on  a  blue  ground.  Ac- 
cording to  M.  Fresnel,  the  chief  of  the 
expedition,   these  bricks  afford  a  strong 


proof  that  the  ruins  are  those  of  the  palace 
of  Nebuchadnezzar,  inasmuch  as  the  orna- 
ments on  them  appear  to  be  sporting 
subjects,  such  as  are  described  by  Ctesias 
and  Diodorus.  The  foundations  having 
been  dug  down  to  in  certain  parts,  it  has 
been  ascertained  that  they  are  formed  of 
bHcks  about  a  foot  square,  united  by  strong 
cement,  and  that  they  are  in  blocks,  as  if 
they  had  been  sapped  in  all  directions. 
In  a  tumulus  called  Amran,  to  the  south 
of  Kasr,  interesting  discoveries  have  also 
been  made.  They  appear  to  be  the  ruins 
of  the  dependencies  of  the  palace  situated 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Euphrates  ;  and 
they  contain  numerous  sarcophagi, in  which 
were  found  skeletons  clothed  in  a  sort  of 
armour,  and  wearing  crowns  of  gold  on 
their  heads.  When  touched,  the  skele- 
tons, with  the  exception  of  some  parts  of 
the  skull,  fell  into  dust ;  but  the  iron, 
though  rusty,  and  the  gold  of  the  crowns, 
are  in  a  fair  state  of  preservation.  M. 
Fresnel  thinks  that  the  dead  in  the  sarco- 
phagi were  some  of  the  soldiers  of  Alex- 
ander or  Seleucus.  The  crowns  are  simple 
bands,  with  three  leaves  in  the  shape  of 
laurel  on  one  side,  and  three  on  the  other. 
The  leaves  are  very  neatly  executed.  Be- 
neath the  bands  are  leaves  of  gold,  which 
it  is  supposed  covered  the  eyes.  From  the 
quantity  of  iron  found  in  some  of  the 
coffins  it  appears  that  the  bodies  were  en- 
tirely enveloped  in  it ;  and  in  one  there 
is  no  iron  but  some  ear-rings,  a  proof  that 
it  was  occupied  by  a  female.  The  sarco- 
phagi are  about  two-and-three-quarter  yards 
in  length  by  between  half  and  three- 
quarters  of  a  yard  wide,  and  are  entirely 
formed  of  bricks  united  by  mortar.  In 
addition  to  all  this,  a  tomb  containing 
statuettes  in  marble  or  alabaster,  of  Juno, 
Venus,  and  of  a  reclining  figure  wearing  a 
Phrygian  cap,  together  wit]^  some  rings, 
ear-rings,  and  other  articles  of  jewellery, 
has  been  found,  as  have  also  numerous 
statuettes,  vases,  phials,  articles  of  pot- 
tery, black  stones,  &c,  &c.,  of  Greek, 
Persian,  or  Chaldean  workmanship. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


Authentic  accounts  of  the  revolution  in 
Ava  have  at  length  been  received.  The 
report  of  the  King  of  Ava's  death  was 
premature ;  but,  by  the  latest  account,  he 
was  besieged  in  his  palace,  with  only  300 
followers,  by  his  younger  brother,  Prince 
Memdoon,  who  had  ^e  whole  army  and 


populace  on  his  side.  Prince  Memdoon 
had  solicited  a  truce  with  the  British  force 
and  promised  to  ratify  peace  on  our  terms, 
as  soon  as  he  had  finally  disposed  of  his 
brother,  and  obtained  the  supreme  power. 
His  success  and  his  brother's  death  were 
considered  certain.     In  coofeqnence  of 


1853.] 


Domestic  Occurrences^ 


5a;3 


orders  received  from  Ava  tke  Btirraese 
troops  liati  evacuated  Ihe  province  of 
Pegu,  aod  General  Steel  had  occupieil  all 
tUe  strong  positions  in  the  district.  The 
province  of  Biigsei[i  bus  been  cleared  of 
the  cnemj  by  Captains  Fytcb  and  Rennlc; 
but  ao  ex}iediiionT  about  1^0  strong, under 
the  eommand  of  Captain  J^mbert,  R.N. 
waa  repulsed  ou  the  1 6th  of  Jatinary, 
with  a  loss  of  1"^  t>r  i(j  killed  and  wounded, 
in  an  attack  on  the  position  of  the  bnndit 
chief,  Meeir  Toora^  who  had  ensconced 
htmeclf  in  a  stronghold  some  15  miles  in- 
land from  Doi^ebew.  A  second  expedi- 
tion wns  despatohedj  commanded  by  Capt. 
Loch,  R.N.  ami  consisting  of  1 10  seamcQ 
and  marines  of  Her  Majesty's  ships  FoXj 
Winchester,  and  Sphinx,  together  with 
350  of  the  t>7th  Bengal  Native  Infantry* 
under  Major  M  inch  in ;  they  attacked 
Meeir  Toora's  position  on  the  ►Ird  of 
February,  but  were  repulsed  with  the  loss 
of  B8  killed  and  wounded ,  Among  the 
officers  killed  were  Captain  Loch  and 
Lieut,  Kennedy,  R.N.  aud  Captuia  Pryi^e, 
Li?th  Bengal  Native  Infantry*  AQiongtbe 
severely  wotinded  were  Lieut.  Bushnelli 
E.N*  and  Mestrs.  Hiade  and  Wilson, 
Mates  of  the  Winchester.  (See  further 
particulars  in  the  memoir  of  C  apt.  Loch 
ill  OUT  present  Month'a  Obituary*) 

At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope^  the  Go- 
vernor on  Feb.  1 1^  proclaioied  that  **  Peace 
and  amity"  have  been  restored  betwei^n 
her  Mfljesly  and  her  faithful  frieutl  Kreili, 
who  on  his  [>art  promised  to  be  true  and 
laithful  ttj  all  his  engagements,  and  to  re- 
gard the   rivers   Jndwc  and    Kei   as  the 


boundary  betireen  her  Majesty's  territo- 
ries and  his  own.  Sandilli  has  abaudoncd 
h  15  hopclcaa  contest  with  the  British  power, 
and,  agreeably  to  the  rec|uirements  of  tlie 
Governor,  has  retired  from  Kaffraria.  He 
ha«^  announced  this  fact^  acknowledged  hi  a 
dercAt,  and  signtiied  his  submission.  He 
15  now  beyond  the  Kei,  together  with  Ma- 
como,  Anta,  and  Tola,  so  that  the  Kaffir 
war  to  all  appearance  is  closed. 

The  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  has  at 
length  released  from  prison  Francisco  Ma- 
diai  and  Rosa  his  wife,  whose  sufferings 
on  religious;  grounds  have  enlisted  for 
many  months  much  interest  in  thi^  coun- 
try. During  hii*  eighteen  montha  of  soli- 
tary  confinement  at  Leghorn  the  mind  of 
Francisco  baa  given  way.  The  released 
prisoners  were  conveyed  immediately  from 
Florence  to  Leghorn, 

The  Dnke  of  Brabant,  the  son  and  heir 
apparent  to  the  King  of  the  Belgians, 
having  attained  his  majority  of  eighteen 
yeiirs  ou  the  fJtli  of  April,  took  hie  scat 
in  the  Senate  on  that  day  as  Crown  Prince, 
with  ceremonial  of  great  iclui.  All  the 
uiinisters,  high  functionaries,  and  mem- 
bers of  the  diplomatic  body  were  present 
in  grand  costume,  and  the  palace  of  the 
Senate,  which  waa  adorned  with  the  na<^ 
lional  colours,  was  guurded  by  a  consi- 
derable number  of  troops.  The  young 
lirinee,  before  taking  his  seat,  protested 
bis  devotion  to  the  constitutional  .Hyi^tem 
of  government,  swore  to  maintain  the 
charter,  and  was  then  proclaimed  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Senate  by  the  Prince  de  Ligoe, 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


The  Qtupcn  Itns  been  pleased  by  letters 
jiHtent  under  the  Great  Seal  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  hi'aring  date  the  'JSJth  day  of 
March  instant,  to  ordain  and  declare  that 
the  borough  of  Manvhenter  shall  be  a  City, 
and  whall  be  called  and  stykd  ^*The  City 
of  Manchciterjin  the  county  of  Laapaster.^' 

On  the  7tli  April  her  Majesty  was 
safely  delivered  of  a  Prince,  at  Bucking- 
ham Palace* 

In  the  House  of  Commons,  on  the  ^th, 
the  Cbanoellof  of  the  Exchequer  detailed 
his  propositions  with  regard  to  the  A^a- 
tiouat  Debt.  He  proposed  to  pay  off  cer- 
tain minor  stocks,  namely,  the  South  Sea 
Stock,  Old  and  New  South  Sea  Annuities?, 
Bank  Annuities,  and  3  per  ccuL  Annui- 
ties, 1751.  Three  alternatives  are  to  be 
otfered  to  the  holders  of  these  Stocks, 
namely,  to  receive  110/,  24  per  cent, 
Stockj  f^'i/,  lOf,  3|  per  cents.,  either  of 


these  stocksi  being  irredeeniuble  tilt  1894, 
or  Exchequer  bonds  for  lt>0/.  benring  in- 
terest at  2%  per  cent,  for  a  time  to  be 
fixed  by  Parliament,  and  afterward?*  at  *I\ 
per  cent,  to  be  redeemable  at  the  option 
cither  of  t}ie  Government  or  the  holder  tn 
\%^A,  The  Chancellor  also  proposed  to 
allow  holders  of  A  per  cent.  Consols,  or 
3  per  cent.  Reduced,  which  stocks  to« 
gether  amount  to  nearly  500,000,000/.  the 
option  of  taking  either  of  the  new  stocks 
or  Exchequer  bontls  on  the  same  terms  as 
those  on  which  they  are  offered  to  the 
holders  of  the  minor  stocks  which  are  to 
be  paid  off.  This  option  is,  howcvrr, 
subject  to  the  proviso  that  not  more  than 
30,0^)0,000/.  of  ihe  new  2i  per  cent, 
stock,  or  of  the  Exchequer  bonds,  will  b<j 
issued.  The  2\  per  cent,  stock  thus  offered 
at  110/.  will  give  an  annual  income  of 
2/,  15#.  and  the  V^  per  cent,  stock  an  an- 


634 


Prefei*ments. 


[May, 


nual  income  of  2/.  17«.  9d.  in  exchange 
for  100/.  of  3  per  cent,  stock. 

On  Friday  the  15th  April  the  third 
reading  of  the  Jewish  Disabilities  Bill 
passed  the  Commons  by  a  majority  of  288 
to  230. 

On  Monday  the  18th,  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer  brought  forward  his 
Budget,  Its  chief  features  are  a  complete 
abolition  of  the  excise  on  soap,  and 
gradual  reduction  of  the  duty  on  tea, 
bringing  it  to  Is.  \0d,  now,  and  in  three 
years  to  Is, ;  a  legacy  duty  on  all  property 
•succeeded  to  in  consequence  of  death ; 
an  extension  of  the  Income-tax  to  Ireland, 
and  down  to  incomes  of  100/.  a-year  ;  a 
reduction  on  the  duty  upon  life  assurances 
from  2s.  6J.  to  6d.  per  cent. ;  a  shilling 
off  the  present  Is.  Qd.  advertisement  duty 
and  an  abolition  of  the  stamps  on  news- 
paper supplements,  containing  advertise- 
ments only ;  a  beneficial  reduction  of 
the  duties  on  hackney  carriages,  private 


carriages,  and  an  alteration  of  poat-horae 
duties,  substituting  a  licence,  which  i« 
expected  to  prove  less  burdensome  than 
the  mileage  now  in  force ;  a  redaction  of 
colonial  postage  to  an  uniform  rate  of  6d, ; 
and  a  reduction  and  abolition  of  daiy 
upon  some  hundreds  of  articles  of  food 
and  general  convenience. 

A  contract  for  supplying  a  tuw  Copper 
Coinage  for  Great  Britain  hat  been  ob- 
tained by  Messri.  Heaton  and  Son,  of 
Birmingham,  the  purchaaers  of  the  cele- 
brated minting  machinery  at  Soho,  where 
the  old  heavy  and  solid  pence  were  coined 
in  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century.  The 
weight  of  coin  required  by  the  contract  is 
no  less  than  500  tons,  to  be  minted  into 
pence,  halfpence,  farthings,  balf-farthings, 
and — novel  currency— qoarter-firthinss. 
The  copper  is  to  be  of  the  best  quality, 
and  the  dies  are  to  be  snppUed  by  the 
Mint.  Messrs.  Heaton  will  be  required 
to  furnish  80,000  pieces  a  day. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Preferments. 

March  18.  William  Topham,  esq.  to  be  Lieu- 
tenant of  Her  Majesty's  Hon.  Corps  of  Gen- 
tlemen-at-Arms. 

March  ao.  Sir  Wm.  St.  Lawrence  Clarke  of 
Rossmore,  co.  Cork,  Bart,  and  Elizabeth  Bar- 
bara his  wife,  to  take  the  name  and  arms  of 
Travers,  in  memory  of  John  Moore  Travers. 
esq.  of  Clifton,  co.  Cork,  father  of  the  said 
Dame  Elizabeth  itarbara. 

March  26  Robert  Hodgson,  esq.  to  be  Chief 
Justice  for  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  Joseph 
Holroyd,  es^.  to  be  a  Member  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council  of  that  island.— Robert  Crosby 
Beete,  esc].  to  be  First  I^lisnc  JudR^e  of  British 
Guiana.— Charles  Douglas  Stewart,  esq.  to  be 
Attorney-General,  and  James  Clement  Cbop- 

§in,  esq.  Solicitor-General,  for  the  island  of 
t.  Vincent.— George  Rutherford,  esq.  to  be 
Collector  of  Customs  for  Natal,  in  South  Africa. 

April  1.  Royal  Artillery,  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir 
R.  W.  Gardiner,  K.C.B.  to  be  Colonel  Com- 
mandant. —  Royal  En^neers,  brevet  Mi^or 
R.  K.  Dawson  and  brevet  Major  H.  Tucker  to 
be  Lieut.-Colonels.- 1st  Regiment  of  Foot, 
brevet  Lieut.-Col.  B.  Daveney  to  be  Major.— 
96th  Foot,  Minor  D.  Rainier  to  be  Lieut.-Colo- 
nel;  Major  E.  llaythorne  to  be  Major.— 9d 
West  India  Regiment,  Major  H.  Mends  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt.  H.  W.  W.  Wynn,  from 
7th  Foot,  to  be  Major.— Scott  Nasmyth  Stokes, 
esq.  to  be  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Inspectors  of 
Schools. 

April  6.  The  Right  Hon.  George  Stevens 
Byng  (commonly  called  Viscount  Enfield), 
summoned  to  the  House  of  I'eers  by  title  of 
Baron  Strafford,  of  Harmondsworth.  — The 
Manjiiess  of  Stafford  to  be  Lieut,  and  Sheriff 
Principal  of  the  Shire  of  Cromarty.— Henry 
Reeve,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  to  be  Registrar 
of  the  Privy  Council,  under  the  provisions  of 
the  Act  3  and  4  W  ill.  IV.  cap.  41,  "  for  the  bet- 
ter  administration  of  justice  in  Her  Majesty's 
Privy  Council."— Lieut.-Gen.  the  Hon.  George 
Cathcart,  Governor  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 


to  be  High  Commissioner  for  the  settliof  and 
adjustment  of  the  aflUra  of  the  territories  in 
Southern  Africa,  adjacent  or  contiruoos  to  the 
eastern  and  north-eastern  firootter  of  that 
colony,  save  and  except  the  territories  of  the 
Orange  River  Soverdgntf ;  and  Sir  George 
Russell  Clerk,  K.aB.,  and  Charles  Mostyn 
Owen,  esq.  to  be  Assistants  to  the  High  Com- 
raissioner.~Sir  Oeoi)re  Russet!  Clerk,  K.C.B. 
to  be  Speeial  Gommissioner  for  the  settling 
and  aiyastment  of  the  aflUrs  of  the  aforesaid 
territories  of  the  Orange  River  Sovereignty. 

April  7.  James  Peters,  esq.  to  be  one  of  Her 
Majesty's  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentlemen-st-Arms, 
vice  Topham,  promoted. 

April  8.  So  Dragoon  Guards,  Major  J.  D. 
Dyson  to  be  Uent.-Colonel ;  Cigi.  fi.  Dyson 
to  be  Major,  vice  J.  D.  Dyson. 

April  18.  Henry  Holland,  of  Sandlebridge, 
CO.  Chester,  and  or  Lower  Brook  street,  M.D. 
(one  of  Her  Mijesty's  PhysicisBs  in  Ordinary), 
created  a  Baronet. 

April  aa.  Unattached,  brevet  Ueot.-Col.  T. 
O'Brien,  from  Major  half-pay  87th  Foot,  late 
Deputy  Ac^utant-gen.  at  Bartiadoes,  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel ;  brevet  Bfi^or  F.  W.  H.  Lord 
Burghersh,  from  S5th  Foot,  to  l>e  Malor.— 
Brevet,. Capt.  F.  O.  Bull,  on  half-pav  of  eoth 
Foot  (Staff  Officer  of  Pensioners),  to  oe  Miyor 
in  the  Army. 


Anglesey  Militia,  Maior  T.  P.  Williams  to 
be  Lieut.-Colonel.— Buckinghamshire  Militia, 
Major  G.  Fitxroy  to  be  Ueat.-Ookmel ;  Capt. 
G.  W.  Cavendish  to  be  Mi^.-M  CheshirB 
Militia,  Major  W.  D.  Davenport  (late  Malor 
36th  Cameronians,  and  in  1st  Cheshire  Militts), 
to  be  Lieut.-Colonel.— Glamorganshire  MiHtIa, 
C.  H.  Knox.  esq.  a  Captain  unattached  in  Her 
Majesty's  Land  Forces,  tobeMaiprand  Usui. 
Colonel.— Herefordshire  MiUtiaJ^api.G.''    ' 


out,  M.P.  (late  of  1st  R^ment  of  Life  Guards) 
to  be  Uent.-Colonel.— Sd  Lancashire  MOttte. 
Sir  T.  G.  Hesketh,  Bart,  to  be  UouC-OoIomI. 
^th  Uncashira  MiUtia,  B.  PUW>s»  esq.  Oalt 


1859.] 


Pvcmioticyns  and  PreJermenU* 


585 


I 
I 


I 


Cipt.  in  tlie  3d  RcffimeiH)  to  b<»  Major  j  J.  S. 
MtrJseriErh,  ^fiq.  (late  Cnptitm  iu  th«  ad  Reizi' 
raent)  to  b^  Mfljor— 5th  Ijincasliire  Militia, 
F.  IJrtnclreth,  e8«i.  (Iiit«  Lieut, -Colonel  Scots 
FuaiLier  GuardR)  to  be  Major;  J.  Towneley, 
esq.  to  be  Major —Tf it  Artillery  Regioient  of 
Lanrasbire  Militia,  Sir  l>.  MKcdimi^ail  (iate 
LieiiL-Colonel  TOtb  Hig-b  la  riders)  to  be  Lieot.- 
Gtolonel  Comaiatidant.  —  OKfardsbire  iMilitia, 
Capt-  A.  M.  Storcr  to  be  Alajor.— 1st  ftoyal 
Surrey  Militia,  LionL^asloaef:  F.  CampbeU, 
etq.  lat«  Lirut.'Col.  Fuailier Guards  ^  Ciptiin: 
R.  Granre,  esq,  Captnin  balf-pay,  K.K.f.C.S. — 
Sd  Koyal  Surrey  Militia,  T.  C.  B.  Cha] loner, 
eao.  (formerly  Lieut. CoL  Comtnandfirit  4th 
Inmntry  Regirofnt)  to  be  Lieut, -Colonel  Com- 
nmndant.— 1st  ijtaffordsbire  MillUa,  G.  Ten^ 
11 R lit,  esq,  (late  Major  BStlj  ilegitnentl  to  be 
Mfljor.— 3d  StiOordshire  .Militia,  Colonel  C, 
Umt  (late  of  Grenadier  Guards)  to  hv  Lieat.- 
Cotoftel  Commandant,  To  be  M*ijtirs :  11.  B. 
Levtitt,  esq,  (late  Capt.  in  tlie  60th  tltfles),  and 
C*  Coyncy,  esq,— Warwickahirc  Militiii,  Major 
SlrT.  G.  Skipwith.  Bart,  of  the  ist  Re^imeutt 
to  be  Lieut, -Colonel  of  the  2d  Rcfrimeot:  bre- 
vet Lieut-CoL  C.  Wise  to  be  Major  iii*the  1st 
Regiment.— 4th  West  York  Militia,  Lord  Beau- 
mont to  be  Ueut. -Colonel  Commandant. 


Lieut. -Colonel  Henry  Morgmn  Clifford,  M.lV 
lo  b<e  a  Commissioner  of  iJuiiacy,  vice  Lord 
Seymour,  re«ig:ned. 

Memberi  rehtmed  io  serve  in  Farliament. 

Atklane*  —  William    Keo^b^  esi).  (Solicitor- 
Gen  erul  for  Ireland)  re-elected. 
BH*1^Horth.—SQ\\\i  Phtchardi  e*q. 
Cttrlour  Co.— Wm.  IL  M'C.  Bunburyi  e«q. 
HitiliierMfieid. —VifiCQUDt  Godericb . 
LaHcatt^i',—T\ii)maLS  Greene,  etq. 


Naval  Pri;7Ermbnts. 


,  _^J/a,  Vicc-Adm.  Lord  Withain  Fitzroy, 
K.CJ.B.  to  be  Admiral  of  ttie  Blue  ;  liear  Adm. 
Henry  Hope,  C.B.  to  be  Vice-Admiril  of  the 
Blue;  Capt<  G.  F.  Rich,  to  be  Kear-Admiral  of 
the  IJIue. — Capt,  J.  C.  Fitijijerakl,  to  command 
the  VVincheater*— Commander  E.  K  Barnard 
(IH>S2>  to  command  the  Virai^o  6,  ateam-sloop; 
F.  P>  Warren  (1&53)  to  command  the  Star  S. 

EoCLKKIASTtCAt  rHKPJE&Mt^TS. 

Rev.  C.  J.  Abraham,  to  the  Archdetconry  of 

Waimate,  dio.  New  Zealand. 
Re?.  T,  Orettoui  to  be  Succentorof  the  Catbe- 

dnl  Church  of  Hereford. 
Rer.  K.  Howella,  to  be  CnstOK  to  theColleze  of 

Vicara  Choral  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of 

Hereford. 
R*;v.  J .  O.  Parr  (V,  of  Frcaton)  to  Hon.  Canonry 

in  Manchester  Cathedral. 
Rev.  J.  Turner,  (\'.uf  Lancaiiter)  to  Honorary 

Canonry  in  Manchestt^r  CathedraL 
Rev,  W.  Acwortb,  FlumBtead  V.  w.  East  Wick- 

ham  C,  Kent. 
Rev.  R,  Aldrid;?e,  Eaist  Relfoni  V,  Notts. 
Rev.  C.  B.  Auber,  Clonahoroui^h  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  E.  IlickersletU,  Aylesbury  V   Bucks. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Utedermaun,  Ramoan  H.  and  V. 

dio.  Connor,  and  to  the  Chancellorship  of 

that  diocese^ 
llev.  J.  Doweo,  Ortuu-Lonrvill  R,  vr.  Uotulpb 

Uridine  R.  Hunts 
Rev.  J.  Bridge,  U«Uycommou  R.  ftiidV.  dio. 

Rildare. 
Rer.  J.  Cautley,  Thorney-Atibey  D.C.  Cainb. 
Rev.  G.  W.  Corker*  Weald  P.C.  Kent. 
Rev.  G.  P.  Cosscrat,  Dnnkitone  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  R.  Croeae,  Ockham  R.  Surrey. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Cnrtler,  Ahbess^RoUinjr  R^  Essex. 


Rev.  O.  W.  Davys,  Stfltoti  R,  Hunt^. 

Rev.T.  Daws,  uinOD-Pyon  V.  Herefordfbire. 

Rev.  W.  J.  Deane.  Ashen  R.  Esuex. 

Rev.  R.  Deeker,  Lyndon  R.  RutlindaUire, 

Rev.  D.  Dickson,  iiextou  V.  Hertn^ 

Rev.  J.  W.  Dutin,  Warkworth  V.  Norlhundj. 

Rev.  J.  R,  Ellis,  Chriat  Church  PC.  Wenter- 

dale,  Yorkshire. 
Rev,  J.  A.  Frere,  Shitlitigtoo  V.  Beds. 
Rev.  R.  A.  Gonkn,  Barley  R.  Herts. 
Rev.  T.  R.  Govett,  Albv  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  G.  Green,  Duke  :5treei  Chapel,  St.  Mar- 

^ret,  Westminster. 
Rev.    A.    Hamilton,    MeUifODt    Incumbency, 

Ireland. 
Rev.  W.  Harte,  St.  Mary  R,  Blandford,  Dorset. 
Rev.  H.  C.  T.  Hliayard,  Rowley  St.  Peter  R. 

Yorkshire. 
Rev.  E.  Hill,  Great  WootHton  R.  Bocks. 
Rev.  J.  Homan,  Eltcl  P.C,  Lancftfthire 
Rev.  E.  U.  llui^bes,  Llan-Dejiiolen  R.  Carnarv, 
Rev.  C.  Jenkyns,  All  riainta'P-CTuckiUK-mill^ 

Cornwafl. 
Rev.  H.  Jollye,  Winpfield  P.C.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  A.  Kent,  Coin  St.  Aldwyn  V,  Glouc. 
Rev,  W.  Lay  cock,  St,  Annc-in-the-Grove  (or 

Briers)  P.C.  Halifax,  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  T.  B.  Ludlow,  Slap  ton  R.  Bucks. 
Rev.  J.  Lyne.^i,  Buckland-Monnchorum  V.  w. 

St.  John  C.  Devon. 
Rev,  R,  W.Marmion,  Macruom  R.  and  V,  dio. 

Cloyne. 
Rev.  W.  T.  Maudson,  Bareaford  Chapel,  Wal- 

worthi  Surrey. 
Rev.  C.  MajKwell,  Leckpatrick  R.  dlo.  Derry, 
llev,  C  Moody,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne   V.  w. 

Gostforth  C.  Northumberland. 
Rev.  J.  S.  B.  Monsell,  F.^rUam  V,  Surrey. 
Re V.  J. D.. Morgan,  Llanii^pythid  V.  Brecknock sh. 
Rev.  M,  U>  xXorman,  Harby  R.  lA^iccatcrshire. 
Rev.  A>  H.  Northcote^  Dowland  P.C.  Uevon, 
Rev.  H.  .M.  Northcote,  Mouk-Okehampton  ii. 

Devon 
Rev.  J.  II.  r*igrBrott.  Cuxham  R.  Oxfordshire. 
Rev.  J.  Place,  Ulebam  V.  CambrJd^e«ihire. 
Rev.  J.  Prior.  Kirklinj^oo  R.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  W.  Prosaer,  Aston- natnvi lie  R.  w.  Bur- 

bag^e,  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  W.  iiiUinf,  Old  Rainney  R.  w.  Romney. 

Mar.Hh,  Kent. 
Rev.  R.  A.  Rackham,  Whatfleld  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  V*  Raven,  Great  Fran  sham  H.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  E.  W.  Reltoo,  Ealing  V.  Middlesex. 
Rev.  A.  Robarti,  Wootton-under-Wood  P.C. 

Bucks. 
Rev.  T.  J.  Rowsell,  St.  James  R.  Westminster. 
Rev.  H.  J.  Hhackleton,  Rottilev  V.  Leicestersh, 
Rev.  T.  R.  Shore,  St.  Nichoks- Within  P.C. 

Dublin. 
Rev.  W,  L.  Smith,  Radstone  P.C.  Northampt. 
Rev.  R.  S.  Sutton,  Ripe  R.  Suaaex. 
Rev.  W.  Tait,  St.  Matthew  P.C.  Rmyby,  Warw. 
Rev.  J.Thomai ,  Holy  Trinity  Chapel,  Waltham 

Cross.  Herts. 
Rev.  J.  Tophamt  Qosberton  V.  Liocolnah. 
Rev.  i^  Trevor,  Willand  R,  Devon. 
Rev.  R.  F.  Uniacke,  t^ydney  R.  Cape  Breton « 
Rev,  F.  H.  Vivian,  St.  Bartholomew  P.C.  Beth- 

nal  Green. 
Rev.  E.  B  Wel'-t.  r  Hn««....ii.^tai*..  i*  r  Cnmb. 
Rev.C.  J.  W.  Warw* 

Re^\  R.  Whit  I  iicsbirc. 

Rev.J.S.  Wl 

Rev.  T.J,  Wh  re. 

Rev.  J.R.  \\  re. 

Rev.T.  ILWil. .,..-.-,„  ...... .  -..,.  i...:.sii- 

Rev.  A.  Willlaiiis,  St-  AkibAjce  R.  Loudun. 
Rev.  M.  Wilson,  Lower-Cumber  R.  dio.  Derry. 

Th  Chspittind^M^ 

Rev.  G.  Calthrop.  to  Trinity  College,  Camb. 
Rev.  C,   Fry   {\\  of  lUlronao),   to    Earl   of 
DoQoug'hmore. 


536 


Marriages. 


[May, 


Rev.  T.  H.  Greene,  to  Bisliop  of  London. 
Rev.  T.  S.  Hill,  to  the  Infirmary,  Salisbury. 
Rev.  W.  Holderness,  to  the  Convict  Prison, 

Portland. 
Rev.  J.  Kirkman,  to  the  Union,  Melton. 
Rev.  R.  W.  B.  Marsh,  (P.C.  of  St.  Mary's  Plai- 

stow)  to  St.  George-in-the-East  Industrial 

Schools,  Plashet. 
Rev.  T.  D.  Millner,  to  Karl  of  Carlisle. 
Rev.  J.  d.  Moran,  to   the   Female  Convict 

Prison,  Brixton. 

Collegiate  and  Scholastic  Appointments. 

Rev.  J.  Baker,  Mastership  of  Cathedral  Gram- 
mar School,  Oxford. 

Rev.  C  Hardwick,  Professorship  of  Pastoral 
Divinity,  Queen*s  College,  Birmingham. 

Rev.  A.  O.  Hartley,  Head-Mastership  of  Fau- 
conberge  Grammar  School,  Bungay,  Suffolk. 

Rev. Inchbald;  Assistant-Master,  Gram- 
mar School.  Cre<liton,  Devon. 

Rev.  G.  A.  Jacob,  D.D.  Head-Mastership  of 
Christ's  Hospital,  London. 

W.  E.  James,  B.A.  Vice- Principal  uf  the  South 
Wales  Training  College,  Carmarthen. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Kewley,  to  he  Diocesan  Inspector 
of  Schools,  dio.  Sodor  and  Man. 

Rev.  A.  Pott,  Principal  of  Diocesan  College, 
Cuddesden,  Oxfordshire. 

Rev.  B.  Price,  Sedleian  Professorship  of  Natu- 
ral Philosophy,  Oxford. 

R.  A.  Whalley,  B.A.  Second  Mastership  of  the 
Grammar  School,  Norwich. 


Hon.  and  Rev.  S.  Waldegrave,  Bampton  Lec- 
turer, Oxford,  1854. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Loughlin,  to  the  Lectureship  at  St. 
Andrew,  Holborn,  London. 


BIRTHS. 

Jan.  26.  At  Sultanpore,  Benares,  the  wife 
of  Frederick  Gilbert  Jellicoe,  esq.  of  the  53d 
Regt.  Bengal  Native  Infantry,  a  son. 

March  10.    At  Stornoway,  N.  B.  the   wife 

of  Capt.  R.  Burnaby,  Royal  Eng.  a  dau. 

14.   At  Addiscombe,  Croydon,  Mrs.  Col.  Jacob, 

a  son. 16.    At  the  Admiralty,  the  wife  of 

Capt.  Milne,  R.N.  a  dau. In  Tilney  st.  the 

Viscountess  Newark,  a  dau. 18.  In  Glou- 
cester place,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Seton,  a  son. 

21.  In  Arlington  st.  the  Marchioness  of  Salis- 
bury, a  son. —  24.  At  Thickthorn,  Kcnil- 
worth,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  G.  H.  Holland,  a  dau. 

25.    At  Welbeck  street,  the  wife  of  Henry 

J.  Farquharaon,  esq.  a  dau. At  the  Manor 

house,  DurriuRton,  the  wife  of  Thos.  E.  Fowie, 

esq.  a  son  and  heir. 26.   At  Hurdcott  house, 

the  wife  of  Alex.  P.  E.  Powell,  esq.  a  son. 

38.    In  Upper  Belgrave  street,  the  Duchess  of 

Marlborough,  a  son. At  Pembroke  lodge. 

Lady  John  Russell,  a  dau. 29.    The  wife  of 

Andrew  Caldecott,  jun.  esq.  Woodford,  a  son. 

At  Fir  grove,  West  end,  the  wife  of  Arthur 

Walpole  Uavenscroft.esq.  a  son  and  heir. 30. 

At  Danby,  near  Whitby^thc  wife  of  Robert  Faw- 

citt,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 31.    At  Corsham 

court,  Cliippcnham,  Lady  Methuen,  a  son. 

At  Conisborough,  Yorksh.  the  wife  of  Charles 
Hornby,  esq.  a  son. 

April  1.    At  Kernick,  co.  of  Cornwall,  the 

wife  of  Major  Rose  Wynter,  a  son. 2.    At 

Bracklands,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Ruggles  Bri.se,  a  son  and  heir. At  Farthing- 
hoe  lodge,  the  wife  of  Thos.  'I'yrrwhitt  Drake, 

es(i.  ot  jSliardcloes.  Bucks,  a  dau. S.    At 

Wimborne,  the  wife  of  R.  A.  Long  Phillips, 

esq.  a  son  and  heir. 4.    In  South  st.  Park 

lane,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Vesey  Dawson,  a  son. 

7.     Lady    Frances  Lind.say,  a  son. 8.    At 

Queen  sq.  house,  Guildford  st.  I^ady  Pollock, 
wife  of  the  U)rd  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer, 

JO 


a  dau. 9.  At  Trelaske,  Cornwall,  the  wife  of 

Edward  Archer,  esq.  a  dau. In  Edinburvb, 

Lady  Blanche  Balfour,  a  son. 10.    At  £il- 

warpe  rectory,  Worcester,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
W.  W.  Douglas,  a  son. 11.    At  Wickham 

Slace,  Essex,  Lady  Champion  de  Crespigny,  a 
au . 12.    At  Tickton  grange,  Yorkanire,  the 

wife  of  Major  Harrison,  lOth  Hussars,  a  son. 

At  Hopton  hall,  the  wife  of  Rear-Admiral 

Plumridge,   a  son. 18.    At  Heath  bouse, 

Cheddleton,  SUff.  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Alfred 

F.  Boucher,   a  dau. 15.    In   Dublin,  the 

Countess  of  Courtown,  a  sod. 16.    Id  Hyde 

park  square,  the  wife  of  George  8.  Trower,  esq. 

a  son. 18.    At  Antwerp,  Mrs.  Robt.  Bwings, 

a  son. 20.    In  BryaDstoo  aq.  the  Hon.  Mrs. 

Augustus  Byron,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 

F<;6. 19.  At  AH  Souls' Church,  Langham  pi. 
S.  Berry  Qodbold,  esq.  Upper  Seymour  st.  Port- 
man  sq.  second  son  of  the  late  Rev.  G.  B.  God- 
bold,  to  Henrietta- Maivaret,  only  dau.  of  H. 

C.  Orton,  esq.  of  Ashford. P.  H.  M*Kerlie, 

esq.  you  ngest  surviving  son  of  Robert  II*  Kerlie, 
esq.  Piers  hill,  Edinburgh,  to  Marianne-He- 
lena, only  dau.  of  the  late  T.  B.  Logan,  esq. 

M.D.  surgeon,  5th  Dragoon  Guards. At 

Marylebone,  Henry,  eldest  son  of  Richard 
Smithp  esq.  of  Bankfleld,  Ulverston,  to  Julia, 
youngest  dau.  of  Henry  Hill,  esq.  of  Tetten- 
hall  wood,  Staffordshire. 

21.  At  Lee,  Kent,  James  Frederick  Daf,  esq. 
of  Park  road,  Stockwell,  to  Anna,  third  dau.  of 
the  Uta  Eraamus  Madox,  esq.  Barrister-at-law, 
ofCamberwell. 

22.  At  Kensington,  Capt.  Frederick  Maude, 
son  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  John  Charles  Maude, 
and  nephew  of  Lord  Viscount  Hawarden.  to 
Catherine,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  very  Rev. 
Sir  George  Bissnopp,  Bart.  Dean  of  Lismore, 
and  sister  of  Sir  George  Curxon  Bisshopp, 

Bart. William,  only  son  of  Ueut.  William 

Oooset  R.N.  formerly  of  Ipswich,  to  Harriet, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  W.  Wood,  esq.  of  Croy- 
don, Surrey. At  St.  Pancras,  John  Gilletpie, 

esq.  of  Park  st.  Westminster,  eldest  son  of 
John  P.  Gillespie,  esq.  of  Camberwell,  to  Lau- 
retta-Louisa, youngest  dau.  of  Joshua  Dorset 
Mayhew,  esq.  of  Fitxroy  sq.  and  of  Enfield, 

Middlesei  "    *    -    *     ■ 

Richard  J      .      ,      . 

late  of  Melbourne,  to  Ftany,  dau. 

Heath,  esq.  of  Oak  hill  lodce,Toobridge,  Kent. 

At  St.  Georve's,  Dr.  W.  J.  HamUfon,  R.N. 

only  son  of  Andrew  Hamilton,  esq.  of  Curra- 
frce,  county  of  Donegal,  to  Caroline-Anne, 
second  dau.  of  John  Hunter,  esq.  Hart  st. 

Bloomsbury  sq. At  Bosbam,  Sussex,  Josiah 

Young  Mes9um,  esq.  R.N.  to  Sophia-Mary, 
eldest  dau.  of  Henry  Brooker,  esq.  R.N. 

23.  At  the  British  Embassy,  Beriln,  Robert 
Poihleyt  esq.  Q.C.  to  Anne-Josephine- Marie, 
only  dau.  of  Baron  Von  Laner-Muenchhofen. 

24.  At  New  Brentford,  Francis  amltk,  esq. 
M.D.  of  Richmond,  Surrey,  to  Charlotte-Laing, 
dau.  of  George  Cooper,  esq.  Brentford,  Mid- 
dlesex.  At  PaddiogtOD,   Dr.  William    E. 

Humble^  M.D.  of  the  New  Kent  road,  South- 
wark,  to  Henrietta-Fraier,  dau.  of  the  late 
i^ter  Breton,  esq.  suiigeon  Hon.  E.  I.  Co. 'a 

Service,  Calcutta. At  Paddington,  Gapt. 

Brook  John  Knight,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Edward  Knight,  esq.  of  Godmersham  park, 
Kenr,  and  Chawton  nouse,  Hants,  to  Marga- 
ret, eldest  dau.  of  Charles  Pearson,  esq.  of 
Gloucester  sq.  Hyde  park,  and  Ute  of  Worm- 

lebury,  Herts. At  Deronport.  Winoachbr 

Harcourt  Carter,  esq.  Captain  7th  Royal  Fusi- 
liers, only  son  of  Joshua  Garter  esq.  formerly 
of  the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  to  Bliia,  third  dau. 


Middlesex. At  Hildenborough,  Tunbridge, 

]  PM/jMll,  esq.  of  West  fkrlelgb,  Kent, 
' "      orj.  H.  G. 


1853.] 


Marfiagesn 


537 


I 


of  Uie  late  Geoii^c  Palinetit  cs^-nf  Maburii  IiaII, 

Yorkshire. At  the  Scotch  Churdi,    River 

terriUL'e,  Islingtoiij  James  /lanMait,  late  of  H.M. 
Navy,  son  of  David  ElaniiAy^  vsq,  to  MflrjctBret, 
dftu.  of  Joseph]  Thompson^  esq,  o(  the  Oriental 

Bink  Corporation- At  Tevf-rsliam,  C^mbs* 

Charles  Octavius,  son  of  \V.  C  llumifhrrys, 
esq,  of  WoQti  green,  Tottenham,  to  Harriet- 
Anne,  eld<*8t  djiu*  of  John  U  rain,  eso.  of  Tever- 

sham. At    Northaifipton^    ttraily    Hewiff, 

MB.  of  Radnor  pi.  Hyde  pk.  to  Kliiabeth- 
Lfoullou,  only  dau,  of  Wlllifim  Hollit^  ch<].  of 

Northnmpton. At  l.khtield,  IJet^lor-Cattip- 

hell,  youngest  ^on  of  Arthur  IlfUham,  esq. 
MJJ.  London,  to  Klizaberh,  youngest  tUu,  of 
Jolin  Harrison,  esq.  of  Lirhlield. At  Rich- 
mond, 'I'hamas  Batrote,  esq,  of  Southull  (freeu, 
to  Mary,  dauof  WillJiani  Fnrlow,  esq.  of  Cran- 
ford- At  Tnubridi^e  Wells,  I_^  Connie  Alex- 
andre de  HtflamU,  stin  of  Gen,  Comte  de  By- 
landt*  of  MasElatuit  JUeita,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Holland,  to  HarriuUe-Mary,  only  dn«.©f  James 
Deme,  esq*  of  Cumberland  house,  Tiifibndjre 
Wells. 

35.  At  Vaiiije,  Essex,  the  Kev.  Phihp  Booths 
AI.A.  ([i,A.  1826),  of  a»riJU*i  Chrisli  college, 
Cambridi^e,  Heclorof  Little  VVilbrfihain.Camb, 
to  Mary-Ehiwibelh,  <  lilcit  dau.  of  the  lale  Mr. 

HendalL  of    tlethel. At   Queeni»town,    the 

Rev,  Wjlhaui  Dkk^ant  Chaplain  to  H.M.S. 
Ajax,  to  L«>uba,  widow  of  G<  Grubb,  esq*  of 
Coolville.  Tipperary. 

26,  At  Stock  wen,  Richnrd  H.  Warren  Stwtfe, 
esq.  fourth  son  of  tfie  late  Rev.  Benjaintn 
Swete,  Prebendary  of  Killbritt&in,  CO.  Cork,  to 
Annie- Blizahetli,  only  iIhu^  of  Thomas  M^Kit- 
Iriek,  esq.  Ordnance  Department. — —At  Ar- 
inin,  John  WttttmiUU  esq. of  (^vrood,  to  Mary- 
Anne,  eldest  dau*  of   the  lite    Kev.   Henry 

Arthur  Jleckwiili,  Vicar  of  CoUingliam. At 

Southfleet,  Thos, //mV(\  escK  M.D.  of  London^ 
to  KliEfvbctl),  eldest  dan.  of  John  Garland,  C9<i. 
of  Court  todffe,  Southfleet,  Kt-nt. 

Lateft;,  At  I'^^tland,  J.  C  V*  Minnett^  esq. 
("npt.  in  Her  Mflpsty's  Royal  Canadian  ilifles, 
to  Mary,  dnu,  of' J.  linldwtn,  esq.  J,l\  of  Clave 

hou»e> At  Cavan,  ttic  Kev.  (letjri^e   iJe-l'a- 

Foer  Beres/ord,  Rector  of  Fcai^lij  iiud  nephenv 
of  U>r<I  Drcie!*,  to  MftrlanDe,  relict  of  the  Rev, 
J.  Delap. 

M*irth  1 .  At  St.  Jamch'a  IHccadilly,  t'raiicis 
Uorialey  Hohirtiurt,  esq,  i^ecund  &oa  of  the  late 
SSir  <jeori;e  Abercrondiie  Kubiiison,  Bart,  to 
Anna,  witttjwr«>f  Arthur  lUikes,  faq.  Uteofthe 

Benfcat  Civil  rieruce. At  Hi.  Paucras.  Anne- 

Eli£Mb4?th,  diiu.  of  Dr.  Wallich,  Cpper  Gower 
strcer.  to  Olias.  Severin  Mulifr,  esq.  of  Broinn- 
ton.-— At  l^uldin);toii,  John  Kcynell  MorAt, 
esq.  of  Ham]»?i(nid,  iNliddtt'Hex,  to  Catherine- 
Krancea-Margarel,  ••t4lest  dan,  ofUco*  D'Arcy 

Warburton,  PAq.  of  llolthy,  Yorksldrc. At 

StreAthacii,  Juaopli  G-  Barrett^  esq.  MJ>.  of 
Bath,  to  Mary,  second  dau.  of  Will  jam  l^vill, 
e§q.  of  Bushev  hoii.sf,  Sircalham  hilL- — At 
St-  Geoixe>,  Robert  EUic<£,  esq.  to  K^^lantine- 
Charlotle-UiuiftJi,  third  dau.  of  the  tat^^  Lieut.- 
Gen.  liilfour,  of  lialbirnie,  N.li. — -At  How- 
den.  David'Farrar,  .ion  of  Joseph  Bowert  esH^, 
of  Spring:  grove,  Hnnslet,  i^eds,  to  Martha, 
daiu.  of  the  late  Hichard  Ward,  e^|.  of  Kilpin 

Pyke,   Howden* At  Walter  Belclw,Tnp,  Ks* 

sex,  Cornehus  Surffei/,  esq,  of  Wrey  common^ 
Reirale,  to  KU*a-Aiine,  eldest  dau.  of  Wm. 

Wrijrht,  esq.  of  I'lyston  halL  near  Sudltury. 

At  fiarlby,  Roht-fi  idiKli  ffiHclair,  esq,  Capt. 
unattached,  (o  Rlmira-^^^uttsu,  eldest  dau.  of 
George  I\'l&ant  l>aw«on,  e^u  ol'Usg^ndby  lialf, 
Yorkshire.— The  Rev.  T.  N.  Farthing,  M.A. 
locumbent  of  Christ  Church,  Hen  ton,  Man- 
cbeater,  to  Mary-Ann,  eldest  d:iu.  of  John 
MoIIady,  es^]-  of  Marble  house,  Warwick. 

3«  At  Brii^titon  cri^^cent,  Porlobello,  James 
Fatccrtt,  esq,  of  Scftleby  castle,  C umber U»d, 

Gum\  Mar.  Vot.  XXXIX, 


to  3!$u9atiChEir1otte-Angu&ta,  dau.  of  the  late 
KeT.  Daniel  Wilkie,  of  Ratho  Byres,  and 
Miniiter  of  the  New  Grey  ^Y^«^l  Church, 
Edinburgh. 

3.  At  Bath,  James  T,  Vrastrr,  e»q.  38th 
l^egt.  only  son  of  the  late  Lieut. -Col.  Crister, 
to  tlmtaeliue-Aiinie-Bradliy,  youngest  dto.  of 
the  late  Jnnies  Kd<%  esq.  of  Ridjfeway  castle, 

Suutlmmptou. At  St.  (jeorge^s  H&nover  sq. 

John  Clikhffllcr  Knox^  eii|  late  Capt.  QuceD'& 
Mays,  son  of  the  lale  Ri«:hi  Hon.  George  Knoi, 
and  cousin  of  tli^  Earl  of  Rnntnrliy,  to  tlie  Lady 
Louisa  Ceon^iana  Dawson   Dnmer,  youngfest 

slater  of  the  1-larl  of  rortarlingtoo. At  St. 

Mary^'s,  tlattersea^  Francis  flawtrpp,  esq.  late 
Capt,.  Uoynl  Cnnndian  Ritks,  fourth  son  of  the 
late  Rev,  Richard  Cox,  RfCtar  of  Caherconlish, 
Ireland,  to  Mnmia.Catheniie,  young'Cist  dau.  of 
thf!  lat?  Duncan  M^Kellar,  e«q.  Grove  house, 

Baltersea. At    Matden    Brndley,   George- 

Gambier-Chambers,  son  of  the  Rev.  R-  G. 
JcgtOMt  of  Avon  lKis«telt,  Warwickshire,  to 
Eliimbeth,  third  dau.  of  Mr.  William  King,  of 

the  Grange.  Maiden  Bradley.  Wilts, At  9l. 

Jaiiies'sn,  huldni^tou,  Cliarles  C-  G.  Cok/mt, 
e&q.  8lh  Bombay  Native  ttifanlry,  youuffest 
son  of  tlie  late  Col.  'l\  \.  Cowper,  Bonihay 
Ertirincers,  to  Jane,  second  dau.  of  the  lale 
R/^'lnith,  esq    of  Gloucester  terrace,  Hyde 

Park  ^ardenf^. At  Corfu,  Trophine-Georffe- 

Gordon,  of  the  iMh  Re^t.  youngest  son  of  ttie 
ltvtci5ir  James  Wtddtrhtrne,  to  Caroline,  dau. 
of  Wilham  Uixon,  tj^q.  late  Capt.  in  the  Royal 
Artillery.— —At  Paignton,  Richard  Gdrrfner, 
esq.  of  Exwifk,  Essex,  to  Susaimah,  eldest  dan. 
of  H.  Hunt,  e-iq.  of  Paigniofl, 

4.  At  Calais,  the  Baron  Voii  llojpiuint  to 
Anne,  younp:est  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.  Col. 
James  Wif^hi,  Hod.  East  India  Company's 
Service,  M.idras  Presidency. 

5.  At  Wanstead,  Essex,  the  Rev.  Robert 
tomkinsoii.  Curate  of  St.  James's,  Rin^ton- 
upon-Hutl,  to  Maria- Rebecca,  widow  of  tl»e 
Rev.  Francis  Colem&u  Wilson,  Incumbent  of 
All  Saints'  IslingtOD.^ At  the  British  Em- 
bassy, Pans,  Alexander  Edwnrd  Kelso  tfatnil^ 
font  esti.  elde?5t  son  of  Alexander  H,  Haiuitoii, 
esq.  of  The  Retreat,  to  Jane-Harriet,  only  sor* 
viving  child  of  Lieut -CoL  Lane,  C  B. 

7-  At  iit.  Mary's,  St.  MaryleboDe,  the  Rev, 
Dr  PariMh,  Incumbent  of  Montpcllcr  Chspol, 
Twickenham,  late  of  Iho  H.K.I  C.S,  to  Miss 
Freer,  Jate  of  Ware  ham. 

8.  At  Paddlng:toiii,  David  Pugh,  esq.  to  Ame- 
lia, eldest  dan.  oi  Jo-iLquti  I'liRli.csii.oI  Porches-- 

ter  terrace,  Kcnsinffttm  gardens. At  Shef- 

Jield,  Horace  Walktri  esq,  of  Cnnnoti  hall,  to 
Ellen,  second  dau,-,  and  at  the  same  tiran, 
Joseph  BvrdekiM.  enq.  of  Highlield,  to  Mary, 
yoiiuH^eat  dau.  of  Thomas  Blake,  esq-  Noi  bury, 
near  SheineUL— At  Clevcdon,  Henry  Adey 
tloiwofth^,  esq.  of  Box,  near  Uaih,  to  Rosa* 
Beatrice,  second  dau.  of  G.  Fowler,  esq.  of 

Clcvedon,  Somerset. At  Wldcombe,   FJath, 

I  be  Rev.  Francis  Cruse f  B.A.  Curate  of  Great 
Warley,  E9*ex»to  Charlotte-Aiif^usta,  youngest 
dau.  of  Jo:'.cnh  Brace,  CBi\^  of  Widcoinbc-hUl 

house,  near  Batb. At  CUri*)t  Church,  Turn* 

ham  fffcen,  (Jharles  James  BVa/c,  esf|.  Lieal. 
33d  Regl.  B  NJ.  secotul  son  of  Robert  Weale, 
esq.  Inspector  of  Poor  Laws,  to  Hebe-  Elizabeth, 
eldest  di'i.  of  J-  V   Hull,  r:^^,  Arlington  house. 


^At  - 
Oinb. 
the  lat- 
in. 
esq,  «-; 
dtl  J,  . 


rtettB  Charlotte,  oau, 


1,  Dr.  JVcfli/e,  of 
invest  dau.  of 
Lufplon. 

I'r    Lechiff 

I,  second 

I  in,  third 

:rff^  L.-^q,    llieobalds, 

st  dau.  of  John  R. 

I  ark- At  Woolmch, 

ftayal  Artillery,  to  Meo- 
of  Col.  H.  W.  Gordon, 


3Z 


588 


Marriage*. 


[Ma^. 


Royal  Artillery. At  f -—  -    rornwall.  Geo. 

GirdmsT  Alexander,  Uj)hl  Marine 

Artillery^  to  Mariftui  t  I  dau,  of  this 

late  Rev»  George  Trertt;rM,  iv^ri-jr  of  lllogan. 

^At  Florence  place,  Henry  Alexander  Rtw- 

me,  esa.  Wetijyss»  to  Ag-tiea,  youngemt  dau*  of 

John  Hamitton,esc|'  Lanark. At  Edmonton* 

David  7)frif,  esq.  of  the  Moantt  Upper  Nor- 
woodt  to  EliK<i-Emma,  onljr  dau.  of  the  late 

Rfv    ' '      "■■rne,  e«q.  of   Edmonton. At 

M  i  ►  iiry  Tootil  BroadkHrti,  ^Bq.  to 

M  I,  dan.  of  Samoel  Ilr<K>ka»  esc| 

12.  At  tit.  Jame6*«.  Piccjidills^,  John  Arthur 
EvaH*t  Cnpr.  fVimbay  Army,  eldest  uonof  T.  A. 

Evansv  f:  ■     f  '^ I.....  ,.    ' '- fordshire,  and 

Norrli'l  ■  ^reE-Kleanor- 

Geurg*!]^.  J  km.  William 

Fnuer,  ia  :?,uiouii.— .m  .-:i.  ja»ijes'fit  West- 
bourne  terrace,  Henr>%  youngest  aon  of  the 
late  Edward  \Vf^b»ter  BnlWKk  IVebtter,  eaq.  of 
HeiidoDt  to  R  -  r  St  dan.  af  Edward 
LcvJeD,  eiq.  oj  ttrrace,  Hyde  park. 

At  9t-  Lu  1  .  W .  Teale  Belling- 

kamt  esq.  to  Auku?^"  t*  >uuugeat  dau,  of  the 
lAtii  Chaa.  Keep,  esq-  of  Lindaey  row*  Chelaea. 

At  81.  John's,  Hampsteadr  George  B*  V. 

niter,  esq.  Springfleld,  Clanada  West,  to  Cliar- 
lotti'-Finden,  elder  dau.  of  Thomas  Copr«  esq. 
West  end,  HarniiHtead. 

14.  Ati^t,  Pr-  -  '' ^- lea  Edward  A'eww*^!-, 
eaq.  to  Fauny ,  i.  of  B.  N.  R.  Untty, 
fifiq.  Fenny  h^:                     .id* 

15.  At  UniJ.,  Kit  ivvv,  iieor^e  A,  M.  LitUt 
A.M.  ClirJAt'a  college,  Cambridre,  and  Chap- 
lain of  H.M.S.  Imperieuae,  to  Fraticet-Anne, 
Youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Arthur  Weston,  esq. 
MJiJor  3d  Dmffoon  Guards,  and  of  the  Itoynl 

Crescent. At  West  Wraltintr,  Camb.  Wm* 

T.  /><>*/,  esq.  of  UnderwocMl  hall,  Wealley,  to 
^rsh-£liubeth-AnQ«  dau,  of  Rev.  Samuel 
Silver,  M.A.  Vicar  of  All  3aifit9%  Fulboume. 

At  St.  Gcorjrc's  Hanover  sq.  John  Dunn 

Gardner^  u<tq.  of  Chatteris.  Camb.  to  Admi 
eldest  dau.  of  William  Fitfntt,  esq.  and  g^rand- 
dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  Jead'er^on  and  the  Vis- 
countess  Gormnnaton,  of  DuUing;hara  house, 

At   IJaihwickj   Henry   Jamea   GdNr,   esq. 

HE  J.Ci^.  to  Hurriett-Aune,  eldest  dau.  of 
John  William  Hooper*  eaq.of  liatbwick  house, 

Baih.^ At  St.  John's,    Nolliiiff   hill,   Jean 

Fidl:le  De  ifertant^  esq.  to  Frances-Ann,  uuly 
child  of  Edmund  Tomlin,  esq.  late  of  Not- 
tingham. 

16.  At  C<)ttinp^luim,  Yorkab.  Joseph  Hj/krut 
esq.  of  Raywell,  to  Anne-Elixabetb,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  John  Broadley,  esq.  of  Sooth 
Ella. 

17-  At  St.  Jameses.  West  bourne  terr.  Wm. 
FinniB^  esq  LL.H.  of  Trinity  college.  Camb. 
barrister-at-law,  third  sc^n  of  the  late  James 
Finnie,  esq.  of  Newlield,  Ayrshire,  and  Tube 
bill,  Surrey,  to  ATitoinpfte,  yonnKe*?t  dati.  of 

Gcorfe  Hi-^^ '    ■    -    ■"•--■   "-      ■    f-.'    •;  •, 

At  h 

Mid-CaK 
the  late   ■  iti  . 
Grebby  h^ll,    < 
Stock  well,  Ui;; 
andSalTr       " 
only  chi 
road.  St 
Hil^hbury.  n^ 
1lou»e,  flag^sli' 
Oeo.  Bowie y  M 
At  Walthatu.'ki 
£<ir^«ff,  R.  Ai 
ball,  Yorkfth.  r 
aurvivinjf  dau.  v\  .n* 


to  Eliiabeth.dau  of  Sir  THomBS  Beckett,  Bart, 
of  Somerby  park,  Liticolnabire. At  Clap- 
bam,  Susaex.  Williaiu  Edward  Charles  A'oNr^e, 
esq.  of  Brvan stone  ^t  i.  "mi,.  «i,|^  i^jn  ©f  i\^^ 
Rev,  William  Nour^  ;  Clapham,  to 
Emily- Frances*  onh  onja^  HiUier 
Potter,  esq.  late  of  .M-. .  . 

19.    At  Potter's  bar*  I  h^'^  t 

son  of  Frederic  Gre^hW,  *  \t 

Harriet-Sarah,  dau.  of  the  Uu  ..,i.,<.u.  Um.wu, 
e*q.  of  South  Mima, 

32.    At  Si,  Jameses  Piccadilly*    Huf^b-Lee. 

«on  of  Hugh   Lee  P -''■  - -  ■     ^U*    of 

Scots  house,  CO.  of  P  -.t 

dau.  of  Jotiti  Shield,  v* 

cAstle-upoii-Tyne.— ^..i '  \- 

leboue,  Abraham^  eldest  >  i  e 

late  John  Herbert,  en^.  cf  i^ 

Esther,  v'^'-'  ■'•■'•    ■•'  '*''- 
esq,  of  F I 

of     N .      ,11    ,lU-.li*i.,      ,1.1.-..      .J.T..         -M        V._.UU 

l>i  |.  Controller-Gen.  tit  Her   Ht^ 

j..  *ns. At    Bermondsev.   John 

O.  11.,  ,.«c:»i  ^n  of  the  late  H- "  '  »  •  O. 
HarrUQnt  of  Devonport*  to  Jaxi<  >. 

of  Charles  Glyde  Wraokmore,  t-  ■ 

Ntone.  Gilbert  U&ttthintet  esq* 
tin  ^ir  WiHiam   Heathcote.  Bart,  of 

li  "—      •■   '■'"■•■    ■■'■'^--' 't 

I '  ■  i-.^ ,, 

J1  u. 


1, 

K.>.   .rii.ku  ru 

est  dau.  of  tJ 
of  Howden. 

fir  '        -'   \ 

d.,, 

Aodret 

bttniat*  I 

el..'.-- 

t 

h. 

W 

i; 

t_ 

\\ 

J. 

Only   ciqiK   ot 
At  Storrinjrto' 
in  the  Hkgh  r 
Catherlti     ■ 
Rev.  \\i 
and  Clr> 
At  Albu 
of  Stav 4 
iitin,  f'f 


5iq.    ot 

At 

k>^ell, 


I  ij[iijji>'.Miiriin' 

only  dau.  of 

.  :AiUTy  pk. — — 

'  a[n,  VV.  Town  send 

hamett,  of  Hutton 

j.hiue-Ellfn.  eldest 

r]jii  JL'^srqjp,  esq.  of  Wnl- 


tham  abbey,— At  C^rringhanj,  Henry  IJick- 
man  Uac&Hr  e«q.  eldest  nun  of  Nicholas  Bacon  * 
esq.  and  icrandson  of  the  late  Bir  Edmund 
Bacod*  Bart,  of  [Uveuingham  ball,  Norfolk* 


tUtt  lUi 
nidaii. 

' '  r     r.f 


t'> 

bury,  J. 
esq  of  I 
dau.  01 

At .''. 

Elica,  ehlr^l  'ln*\    < 
loerly  of  Trinity  h» 


>eeoMl 

■   0f  Al- 

he 

r  Dvcr- 
n  Wttpy 

:"    to 


'la^oTf, 

i^Rd«  to 


S3» 


OBITUARY. 


LottS  SKEtMlRSDALE. 

April  3,  At  Latham  House,  Lftnoa- 
I  ibire,  in  his  H3riJ  ye^,  the  Right  Hon. 
Edward  Bootle  WilbrHham,  Baroa  Skel- 
tneradale,  of  Skelmersdjile,  co.  Laacaater. 
Lord  Skelmeradale  was  boro  in  Loadon. 
OQ  Ihe  7th  Ma  J,  1771.  He  wa^the  eldeiil; 
ton  of  Richard  Wilbraham,  esq,  M,P,  for 
ChftBter  (who  assumed  tlie  additiooal  name 
of  Bootle,  under  the  will  of  hitj  wife's 
uncle,  Sir  Thomas  Bootle,  Knt.  Chan- 
cellor to  Frederick  Prince  of  Wales),  by 
Mary,  daughter  and  solo  heir  of  Robert 
Bootle,  e$q.  of  Latham  Hous{^« 

He  first  came  into  parliamenC  in  Dec. 
'  1795 1  M  one   of  the   memherB   for  the 
I  borough  of  Westbury,  in  Wiltshire.     At 
i  the  general  election  of  1796  he  was  re- 
I  turned    for     Newcaatle-under-Lyne,     for 
which  borough  he  sat  until  the  year  1819, 
when  he  was  left  in  a  minority  on  the  poll 
In    1818  he  was  returned  for  Dover, 
I  After  a  contest  which  terminated  thus  : — 
Edward  Q.  Wilhraham,  esq.  510 
Sir  John  Jackson     .     .     «.  505 
R.  B.  Rob&on,  esq.       •     *  356 
In  1820   he  was  re-elected  for  Dover 
[  without  oppoaltioQ  ;  and  In  1826,  when 
there  were  six  candidate!,  he  waa  placed 
far  at  the  head  of  the  poll,  having  pulled 
j  11 Z^  fotes,  And  Charles  Poulett  Thorn  bod, 
I  the  other  succegsful  candidate  (afterwards 
I  Lord  Sydenham),  746. 

la  Jan,  1828,  Mr.  Bootle  Wilhrahnm 
Fwas  idvaaced  to  the  p€«rage  hy  the  title 
lof  Lord  Skelmersdate. 

He  was  for  many  years  an  active  mem- 
[b«r  of  parliament.  In  the  early  stage  of 
lliifi  oratorical  career  we  find  hitn  addresi- 
liog  the  hoiue  in  defence  of  the  policy  of 
>Mr.  Pitt,  on  the  19th  May,  l797t  and  on 
[the  meeting  of  parliament  on  the  5nd 
[Nov,  following  he  was  the  mover  of  the 
f  iddrcss* 

Lord  Skclmersdale  mnrried  on  the  29th 

FApril,  179(>,  Mary- Elizabeth,  daughter  of 

I  the    Rev.    Edward   Taylor,    of    Bifrons, 

iKent^  sister  of  the  late  Sir  Herbert  Taylor, 

Secretary   to    the   Dnke   of    York,    and 

ht  the  late  Sir  Brook  Tuylor,   sometime 

{British  Minister  at  Berlin.     By  that  lady, 

irho  died  on  the  20tli  Jane,  1^40,  he  had 

liisae  two  sons  and  two  daughtert :   1 .  the 

loo.  Mary- Charlotte  Bootle  Wilbraham, 

irho  is  uilmarried  ;  2.  the  Hon.  Richard 

iBootle   Wilbraham,   sometime    M.P,  for 

»Jorth  Lancashire,  who  died  in  I B44,  leaving 

i&sue  by  Jessy,  third  daugh ter  of  Sir  Eiebard 

Brooke,  Bart. (who  survives  him),  Edward, 

DOW  Lord Skelmcr»dale(bomUDec.  1837), 


and  foor  daughters  ;  3.  the  Right  Hon. 
Emma- Caroline  Countess  of  Derby,  mar- 
ried in  1825  to  the  present  Earl  of  Derby, 
and  has  issue  Lord  Stanley,  oae  other 
SOD,  and  one  surviving  daughter  ;  1.  Co). 
the  Hon.  iidward  Bfjotle  Wilbraham,  late 
Lieut, -Colonel  in  the  Coldstream  Gitards, 
who  married  in  1841  Emily,  fourth  ilaugh- 
ter  of  James  Ram:§i bottom,  ti^q.  and  has 
issue. 


Mauskial  Haynau. 

March  12.  At  Vienna,  aged  07,  Feld- 
zeugmeister  the  Baron  Julius  von  Haynau, 
late  Governor  of  Hungary, 

He  was  born  at  Cansel,  the  capital  of 
Hesse,  in  1786  ;  and  entered  the  Austrian 
service,  aa  a  Sub-Lieutenant  in  the  25th 
Infantry,  in  1801.  His  rise  was  slow. 
He  became  a  Colonel  in  18  JO,  and  in  1844 
a  General  of  Divifiion.  In  1H47  he  com- 
maoded  at  Tanieswar,  and  in  184 B  be  was 
at  the  head  of  the  8th  division  of  the  army 
in  Italy.  His  services  in  that  campaign 
obtained  for  him  the  cross  of  a  commaoder 
of  the  order  of  Maria  Theresa. 

In  1849  he  became  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  army  in  Hungary,  sod  m 
1S50  he  was  made  civil  and  military 
Governor  of  that  kingdom.  He  held  his 
last  appointment  but  for  a  short  time,  for 
on  the  6th  July,  in  the  same  year,  he  was 
placed  in  retirement  from  that  and  from 
the  command  of  the  Third  Division  of  the 
Anstriaa  army. 

Bis  severities  in  suppressing  the  Hun- 
garian revolution  roused  the  indignntion 
of  aU  Europe,  and  particularly  of  the  free 
press  of  this  country ;  and  so  much  were 
the  feelings  of  the  British  public  irritated 
by  their  recital  that  they  could  scarcely 
recL'ive  the  Marshal  with  their  wonted 
hospitality  on  his  visit  to  England  in 
184.4;  whilst  at  the  brewery  of  Barclay 
and  Perkins  he  met  with  a  memorable 
outbreak  of  John-Bullism,  in  which  many 
Englishmen  of  manners  more  hnbitunlly 
restrained  were  tempted  to  sympathise. 
Our  pablic  prints  and  caricatures  teemed 
at  the  same  time  with  satirical  rcflectioni, 
and  the  ^larshal  hastened  his  departure 
from  our  indignant  shores. 

Since  his  dismissal  from  the  government 
of  Hungary,  Hayoau  had  lived  privately 
at  Graetx.  He  was  at  Vienna  at  the  ttmc 
of  his  death,  and  it  was  reported  that  he 
was  about  to  be  appointed  to  succeed  the 
aged  Mar^ihal  Radetzky  in  Italy.  He  had 
supped  with  the  Prime  Miuister,  Buol- 
Schauenstein ;  and  had  iecently  returned 


540       Adm.  Sir  T.  B.  Capel,  G^aB^—Hon.  F.  A,  PriUie,     [May, 


home  and  retired  to  reft,  when,  jubt  iiflter 
midnight,  a  stroke  of  apoplexy  terniinaled 
hi«  eventful  life.  His  body  received  the 
honour  of  u  public  funeral  at  Vienna. 


Adm.tbk  Hon.  Sta  T.  B.  Capel,  G.C.B. 

March  4.  At  Rutland -i^nte,  Hyde-park, 
in  hia  77th  year,  the  Hon.  Sir  Thomas 
Bladen  Capel.  G.C.B,  Adminil  of  the  Red  j 
uncle  to  the  Earl  of  Kssex. 

He  wa^  horn  on  the  25th  August  177G, 
the  fifth  and  youngtBt  son  of  William  the 
fourth  Earh  by  his  second  wife  Harriet, 
daughter  of  Colonel  Thomas  Blflden. 

When  ksa  than  six  years  of  age  he  wag 
placed  on  the  books  of  the  Phatton  38  ; 
and  ten  years  later  he  embarked  on  the 
rith  A|iril  1792,  on  board  the  Aasistjance 
50,  Capt  Mnnstield,  stationed  off  New- 
fouadlAud,  wherct  in  Marc'h  1T'*3^  he  be- 
came midshipman  of  the  Syren  :li*.  Ho 
afterwards  belonged  to  the  Apollo  28,  Lc* 
Ttathan  74,  and  Sans  Parell  8fl  ;  in  the 
last  of  whidi  he  parti  d|i  at  ed  in  Lord  Br  id- 
port's  acriioii  July  23,  1795,  and  waB  np- 
pointed  an  acting- Lieutenant  May  16\ 
179G.  He  was  made  Lieutenant  of  the 
Cambrian  40,  April  5,  1797  ;  and  on  the 
18th  April,  17!)8,  transferred  to  the  Van- 
guard 74,  the  flag-ship  of  Sir  Horatio  NeU 
a  on,  to  whom  he  served  a5  si  j^al- Lieutenant 
nt  the  battle  of  the  Nile.  On  that  occasion 
be  was  promoted  to  the  command  of  the  M  u- 
tine  16,  and  sent  home  in  charge  of  a  dupli- 
cate of  the  despatches,  and  of  the  sword  of 
M*  Blanquet,  the  senior  French  officer  sur- 
vivini^-  At  this  period  Nelson  reconi* 
mended  Captain  Cupel  to  the  Lords  of  the 
Admiralty  as  *'  a  most  excellent  ofticer,'* 
His  commission  was  confirmed  on  the  2(1 1 h 
October:  and  on  the  27th  Dec*  in  the 
same  year  he  wbh  further  promoted  to  post 
rank,  while  in  command  of  the  Alec  to 
sloop  at  Spithead.  On  tbi^  5th  Jan.  IT^K'li 
lie  was  appointed  to  the  Arab  ^22t  on  the 
West  India  Btation;  on  the  U)thJuly  1800, 
to  the  Meieager  32,  in  which  be  was 
wrecked  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  J)tb 
June  IHOl  ;  nn  the  5?l»t  May  1802,  to  the 
ReTolutioiuiaire  3i3,  lying  at  Spithead;  and 
on  the  2-1  th  August  following  to  the  Phoebe 
3Gj  oa  the  McJitfrraneao  stalion^i  He 
shared  in  the  battle  uf  Trafalgar,  and  at  its 
close  saved  from  dchtruction  the  prize  ship* 
of-the-line  SwifEsure.  On  the  27th  Dec. 
1805  be  removed  to  the  Eodymion  40,  in 
which  be  conveyed  the  British  ambaisador 
to  and  from  Constantinople,  and  acted  a 
prominent  part  in  the  hostile  operations 
carried  on  at  the  DardHuelles,  during  which 
he  lost  3  men  killed  and  10  wounded.  Oo 
the  14th  Dec.  ltd  I  be  wtw  appoiutedto  La 
Hogur  74,  and  4.*ommanded  oir  ihe  north 
coast  of  Amifjca  a  jimall  sc[UiidroQ  em- 
ployed in  blockading  the  enemy's  frigntcji 


in  New  London.  On  the  4th  June  181^ 
he  was  nominated  a  Companion  of  the 
Batli. 

On  the  15th  Dec.  1821  Captain  Capel 
aastimed  the  command  of  the  Royal  Georg»i 
yatcht,  which  he  retained  until  promoted^ 
to  the  rank  of  Rear-Admiral  on  the  27tlti 
May  1825.  He  was  advanced  to  the  dig*| 
nity  of  a  Knight  Commaoder  of  the  Bath 
on  the  SOth  Feb.  1832. 

From  the  30th  May  1834  to  July  1837 
Rear-Adm,  Capel  held  the  chief  oommandd 
of  the  East  India  station,  with  his  flag  i 
the  Winchester  50.  He  attained  the  ranki 
of  Vice-Admiral  in  Jan.  1837»  and  that! 
of  Admiral  in  1851.  In  1853  he  waM 
raised  to  the  highest  grade  of  the  order  or| 
the  Bath.  Ho  also  enjoyed  a  good-scrvic 
pension  of  30O/. 

He  married   on  the    lOtb   May  181  &|1 
Harriet-Catherine^  only  daughter  of  Fran* 
CIS  George  Smythf  esq.  of  Upper  Brook-st.jf 
but  by  that  lady,  who  survive*   him,   b«] 
had  no  issue. 

Sir  T*  B.  CapePs  will  has  been  proveifl 
by  his  widow,  power  being  reserved  to  thai 
Earl  of  Essex  and  John  Urummond,  e«q«j 
the  other  executors.  The  personalty  wa'^ 
f^worn  under  12,000/.  Lady  Capel  taLei| 
n  life  interest  in  the  estates  ;  and  is  the^ 
residuary  legatee. 


Hon.  Francis  A*  Prittik, 

March  8.  At  Dublin,  aged  73,  the 
Hon.  Francis  Aldborough  Prittie,  Custoa 
Rolutorum  and  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the 
county  of  Tipperary  ;  only  brother  mid 
heir  presumptive  to  Lord  DunaHey* 

He  woa  bom  at  Kilboy,  co,  Tipperary^. 
on  the  4th  June,  177^,  the  second  aoti  ( 
Henry  first  Lord  Dunalley,  by  Catharine 
Ficcond  daughter  and  co-heir  of  Francli 
Sadleir,  esq*  of  Sopwell  hidl,  co.  TipperargrJ 
and  widow  of  John  Bury,  C8t|.  father  of'" 
Lord  Cbarleville. 

He  was  formerly  M.P,  for  thr  rrmntv  tif 
Tipperary,  for  which  be  was  i  ji 

in  1807,  after  a  contett  in  win  A\ 

Mathew  and  himself,  on  the  Whig  uUti  td 
defeated  Mr  Bagwell  and  Mr.  Pennefatbe 
He  was  rechosen  in  l>^12  without  a  contest.' 
but  in  1H18  he  was  left  in  a  minority, 
Viscount  Cahir  and  the  Hon.  M.  Mathew 
being  relumed.  In  18l2(>  be  recovered  hia 
seat,  being  returned  at  the  head  of  the 
poll.  In  1830  he  wa«  re-elected  without  a 
contest ;  but  in  1331  he  retired  from  par- 
liament. 

He  was  twice  nmrried,  first  on  the  10th 
Sept.  1800,  to  Martha,  nnk  -l .».  .Iktrr  of 
Cook  fJtway,  r.sq.   of   <  v.  eo. 

Tipperary,  iind  widow  ot  »  r'poK', 

esq,  of  Shrulc  castle,  Qui't-rri»  cuunh        f  <* 
died  in   March,   1802.      He   marjiid    :c 
condJy,  July   !<>«   1803*  El»abcth.  only 


^1^ 


J 


1853.] 


Sir  E,  Doughty, — A  dm.  Sir  T,  Livingstone. 


541 


"daughter  of  the  Right  lion.  George  Pon- 
soaby,  Lord  Chancellor  of  Ireland  ;,  and 
beciimc  a  fternml  time  a  widower  on  the 
1 1th  Joiit^,    1819.     By  Ins   first  wife   he 
had  i«aiie  one  daughter,  Martha,  married 
in  1S:I7  to  the   Hon,  and  Very  Rer.  Ro- 
bert   WiJUam    Henry     MaudL',  Oeaix    of 
Clogher,   .intl    has   ifiaue  ]  by  his   second 
wife  he   had  issue   three  sjoub   and  tbree 
daughters^  1 ,  Mary,  numarried ;  2.  Kate- 
Chjirlotte,    married    in    1830   to    Lie  tit. - 
[Colonel  William   Leuder  Maberly»  Secre- 
rtary  to  the  Postmaster-General ;  3.  Henvy 
[Prittie,  esq.  (oow  heir  presumptive  to  the 
[|>eerageO  born  in  1807,  and  married^  in 
[l04T,    the    lion.     Anne     I«ouiflii     iVIary 
1  O'CwUaglmn,  only  daughter  of  Lord  Vij*- 
I  count  Lismore,  and  has  ifistie  a  son^  born 
in   1851  J    L    George    Ponsonby  Piittie, 
L  esq.  who  married  in  1841  Henrietta  Hes- 
|tcr,    only   daughter   of  the    hxt^    Lieut, - 
I  Colonel  Gregory,  and  lias  iajtue ;  5,  Fran- 
i  cis  Sadlier  Prittic,  esq.  late  an  officer  in 
[the  army^   who   married,   first   in    18^18, 
r  Mary,  only  child  of  the  Hon.  Peter  Rose> 
one  of  the  Judges  of  Demcrarap  and  se- 
1  condlyf  in   !846,  Susanuii,  only  dau;ghter 
,  of  William   Henry  Carter^  esq*    of  Caatk 
Martyn*  co«  Kildurc,  and  has  issue  by  bia 
first  wife  j  antl  G,  Fanny,  married  in  1838, 
[  John    Bagwell,    esq,    nf    Marle6eld,   co. 
I  Tipperary,  and  has  issue. 

Sir  Edward  Douohtv,  Bart; 
March  Ti.  At  Ticliboriic   Park,  Hamp- 
■hirej  in  bis  71st  year,  Sir  Edward  Dough- 
ty, the  eighth  Baronet  (of  the  famtly  of 
Tichborne,  1G20-1),  a  Deputy  Lieuteaant 
I  of  Dorietshire. 

He  wa«  born  at  Tichburne  Park  on  the 

I  S7th  March,   17B2,  the  third  son  of  Sir 

Ueory  Tichborne,  Ihe  sixth   Buronet,  by 

Xiucy^  daughter  of  Edmund  Plowden,csq. 

of  Plowden,  CO,  Salop. 

I  n  1 826  he  a^iiumed  the  uame  of  Doughty 
only,  on  succeeding  to  the  estate  of  hia 
^  cousin  Mri.  Eli2abcth  Doughty,  of  Soar- 
I  ford  Hall,  Lincolnihire,  the  daughter  of 
George  Brownlow  Doughty,  esq.  by  Fran- 
cea-Cicrly,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Jo3«ph 
Tichborne,  the  fourth  fiuronct. 

Hi;  succeeded  to  the  dignity  of  a  Baronet 
on  the  death  of  his  brother  Sir  Henry,  in 
1S45  ;  and  he  served  tho  office  of  Sberiif 
of  DofjJetshire  in  1834. 

He  marriiul,  2tith  June,  1827}  the  Hon. 
Katharine  Arundell,  third  daughter  of 
Jame£  Evcrard,  ninth  Lord  Arundel!  of 
Wardour,  and  sister  to  the  Inte  and  preaeut 
lords  ;  ond  hy  that  lady,  who  survives 
him,  he  Had  issue  one  fton,  Henry,  who 
died  in  \%'Mi,  in  his  sixth  year,  and  one 
daughter  and  heireiit;,  Katharine  Mary 
Elizabeth  Doughty. 
He  b  succeeded  in  the  baronetcy  by  hit 


brother,  now  Sir  James  FrancU  Tichborne, 
who  was  born  in  ITH-I^nnd  married  in  1837, 
Harrietta-Felioita,  daughter  of  Henry  Scy- 
moitr,  esq.  of  Knoyle,  in  Wiltshire,  and  h««i 
issue  a  son  and  two  daughterH. 

Adm.  Sir  T,  Livingstone,  Bart. 

AprU  1*  At  Weatquarter,  Falkirk, 
Admiral  Sir  Thomas  Livingstone,  the 
tenth  Baronet  (of  Nova  Scotia,  1625), 
Hereditary  Keeper  of  the  royal  pidace  of 
Linlithgow,  aiid  of  the  cas»tle  ot  Bbckne««, 
and  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  Linlithgow- 
shire. 

Sir  Thomas  LIvlngtone  was  heir  and 
representative  of  the  Earls  of  Linlithgow, 
whidi  peerage  fell  under  attainder  at  the 
rebellion  of  1715,  tbe  first  Baronet  having 
been  the  fourtb  aon  of  the  ft  rat  Lord 
Livingstone,  and  younger  brother  to  the 
first  Earl  of  Linlithgow.  Sir  Thomas 
(now  deceased)  was  tJie  third  but  eldest 
surviving  son  of  Sir  Alexander  the  ninth 
Baronet  by  his  first  wife  Anne,  daughter 
of  John  Atkinson,  esq,  of  London.  He 
entered  the  navy  Sept.  17,  I /.1 2,  on  hoard 
the  Brome  frigate,  C apt.  E-  H,Biekertou, 
on  the  Home  station  ;  where  and  in  the 
West  Indies  he  served,  in  the  Dafdalus32, 
Dictator  64,  IrresiBtible  71,  Sybil  frigate, 
and  Boyne  [J 8,  until  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Lieutenant  Nov.  22,  1790.  In  HJtl 
he  was  appointed  to  the  Camel  store  ship, 
and  in  1793  to  the  Monarch  74,  com* 
raATided  by  the  late  Sir  James  Wallace, 
nnder  whom  he  witnessed  the  uusucceBS- 
ful  attack  made  in  the  following  June  upon 
Martinique.  In  April  1795  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  Asia  74,  the  flag-ship  of 
Kear-Adrairal Thomas  Pringlein  the  North 
Sea,  and  he  removed  with  that  officer  to 
the  Tremendous  of  the  same  force.  He 
succeeded  his  father  as  a  Baronet  in  1795. 
At  the  close  of  1796,  after  having  act<*d 
for  four  months  as  Commander  of  the 
Echo  sloop  at  the  Ciipe  of  Good  Hope,  he 
was  confirmed  in  his  appointment  to  that 
vessel ;  which  was  condemned  as  unfit  for 
service  in  Feb.  1797,  and  in  consequence 
he  took  a  pai^sage  home. 

Ue  waM  next  appointed  June  2,  179B, 
to  the  Expedition  44,  in  which  be  was 
employed  in  1799  lo  conveying  part  of  the 
Russian  contingent  from  Revel  to  Eug- 
lAud.  He  was  posted  Jan,  13,  1800,  into 
the  Diadem  64,  employed  as  a  troop -ship 
in  the  eicpedition  to  Quiberon  &nd  Belle- 
iale ;  and  in  December  he  was  invested 
with  the  fiommand  of  the  Athenienne  G4, 
in  which  be  accompanied  Sir  John  B. 
Warren  to  the  coast  of  Egypt ;  she  was 
paid  oH*  in  Oct.  1802.  to  July  1801  he 
was  appointed  to  the  Mediator  frigate,  and 
in  June  1805  removed  to  the  Renomm^*e, 
which  in  April  180€  effected  tbe  capture 


542    Sir  J.  Campbell— Sir  C.  S.  Rumhold.—Sir  G.  Sitwell.    [May, 

Sir  Gboror  Sitwell,  Bart. 

March  12.  At  Bo^or,  aged  55,  Sir 
George  Sitwell,  the  second  Baronet,  of 
Reinshaw,  co.  Derby  (1808),  a  Depatj 
Lieutenant  of  that  county. 

He  was  born  on  the  20th  April,  1797, 
the  only  son  of  Sir  Sitwell  Sitwell,  the 
first  Baronet,  some  time  M.P.  for  Weat 
Looe,  by  his  first  wife  Alice,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Parks,  esq.  of  Highfield  Hooae, 
Lancashire. 

He  succeeded  to  the  baronetcy  on  the 
death  of  his  father  on  the  14th  July,  1814. 
^  On  the  enlargement  of  the  representa- 
tion of  Derbyshire,  by  the  operation  of 
the  Reform  Act,  he  became  a  candidate 
for  the  Northern  difision  of  the  coanW, 
but  be  was  defeated  by  the  two  Whig  candi- 
dates, the  poll  being,  for  Lord  CaTendish 
(the  present  Earl  of  Burlington),  3338, 
Thomas  Gisborne,  esq.  2385,  and  for  Sir 
George  Sitwell,  1183. 

He  married  June  1, 1818,  Susan-Murray, 
eldest  daughter  of  Crawfurd  Tait,  esq.  of 
Harvicston,  co.  Clackmannan;  and  by 
that  lady,  who  surrives  him,  he  had  issue 
three  sons  and  four  daughters.  The  pre- 
sent Baronet,  Sir  Sitwell  Reresby  Sitwell, 
was  born  in  1828,  and  is  unmarried  ; 
George-Frederick,  the  second  son,  is  ao 
oflficer  in  the  army;  and  the  youngest, 
Campbell,  died  in  1844,  in  his  fourteenth 
year.  Sir  George's  eldest  daughter  Susan- 
Alice ,  was  married  in  1844  to  the  Hon. 
Wellington  Henry  Stapleton  Cotton,  only 
son  of  Lord  Viscount  Combermere. 


of  the  Vigilante  brig-of-war  of  1 8  guns, 
and  which  was  put  out  of  commission  in 
June  1808.  He  was  not  again  employed 
until  1821,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Genoa  74,  on  the  Lisbon  station.  He 
became  a  Rear- Admiral  in  1830,  and  a 
Vice- Admiral  in  1838. 

Sir  Thomas  Livingstone  married  in 
1809,  Janet,  only  surviving  daughter  of 
Sir  James  Stirling,  Bart,  of  Mansfield. 
His  lady  died  in  1831,  without  issue. 
The  title  has  devolved  on  his  nephew,  now 
Sir  Alexander  Livingstone. 

The  body  of  the  deceased  was  interred 
by  the  side  of  his  late  wife,  on  the  6th  of 
April ;  attended  by  twenty  gentlemen,  his 
old  friends  and  neighbours,  and  by  his 
tenantry. 


Sir  John  Campbell,  Bart. 

Jan.  18.  At  the  residence  of  the  Hon. 
John  Le  Gall,  Kingstown,  St.  Vincent's, 
aged  44,  Sir  John  Campbell,  the  seventh 
Baronet,of  New  Ardnamurchan,  co.  Argyll, 
(1628),  recently  Lieut.-Governor  of  St 
Vincent's. 

He  was  born  on  the  27th  Nov.  1807, 
the  son  of  Sir  John,  the  sixth  Baronet,  by 
Mary,  sixth  daughter  of  the  late  John 
Campbell,  esq.  of  Lochend. 

He  wa^  admitted  an  advocate  at  the 
Scottish  bar  in  1831.  On  the  death  of 
his  father  in  1834,  he  succeeded  to  the 
family  baronetcy,  and  in  1H45  he  was  ap- 
pointed Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  island 
of  St.  Vincent. 

He  married,  Nov.  21,  1833,  Hannah - 
Eli2abeth,  daughter  of  the  late  James 
Macleod,  esq.  of  Rasay,  by  whom  he  has 
left  several  children.  His  son  and  heir, 
now  Sir  John  William  Campbell,  was 
born  in  1836. 


Sir  Cavendish  S.  Rumbold,  Bart. 

March  27.  At  Nice,  aged  38,  Sir  Cav- 
endish Stuart  Rumbold,  the  fourth  Baro- 
net (1779)  of  Ferraiid,  Yorkshire. 

He  was  born  at  Calcutta  on  the  26th 
August,  1815,  and  was  the  second  but 
eldest  surviving  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Wm. 
Rumbold  the  third  Baronet,  by  the  Hon. 
Henrietta  Elizabeth  Parkyns,  third  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas- Boothby  first  Lord  Raw- 
cliffe.  He  succeeded  his  father  on  the  34th 
August,  1833. 

He  married,  in  1836,  Mary-Harcourt, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Rear-Admiral 
Manby,  of  Northwold,  Norfolk,  and  widow 
of  the  Baron  de  Flassans.  By  that  lady, 
who  died  in  1850,  he  had  no  issue. 

The  title  is  inherited  by  his  brother, 
now  Sir  Carlo  Arthur  Henry  Rumbold, 
born  in  1820.  and  late  a  Captain  in  the 
army. 


Gen.  Sir  Edward  Kerrison,  Bart. 

March  9.  At  his  residence  in  Great 
Stanhope-street,  aged  78,  Sir  Edward  Ker- 
rison, Bart.  General  in  Uie  anny,  Colonel 
of  the  14th  Light  Dragoons,  ILCB.  and 
G.C.H. 

He  was  born  in  St.  Mary's  parish,  Bun- 
gay, in  1774,the  only  son  of  Matthias  Ker- 
rison, of  Bungay  and  Hezne  hall,  co.  Suf- 
folk, esq.  by  Mary,  daughter  and  heiress 
of  Edward  Barnes,  esq.  of  Baraham  in  the 
same  county.  He  entered  (he  army  as 
Cofnet  in  the  6th  Dragoons,  on  the  23rd 
June,  1796 ;  was  made  Lieutenant  in  the 
same  corps  in  1798  ;  Captain  of  the  47th 
Foot  on  the  18th  Oct. ;  and  in  the  7th 
Hussars  on  the  8th  Not.  in  the  same  year. 
He  served  with  that  regiment  in  the  expe- 
dition to  the  Helder  in  1799,  and  was  in 
the  actions  of  the  19th  Sept.  and  2nd  and 
6th  of  October.  He  obtained  a  msjority  in 
his  regiment  in  1803,  and  a  lieutenant- 
colonelcy  in  1805.  In  Oct.  1808,  he  em- 
barked with  it  for  Spain ;  and  on  the  plains 
of  Leon,  on  the  %5th  Dec.  following,  he 
was  severely  wounded,  his  arm  being 
broken  in  two  places.  He  commanded  hS 
regiment  at  the  passage  of  the  Oberon,  at 


1853,]      Gen.  Sir  E.  Kermm,  Barl^Gm.  Sir  C.  Imhoff, 


543 


the  action  of  Sauveteme,  and  at  the  battles 
of  Orthes  iiinl  Toulouse.  At  Orthes,  as 
expressed  m  Lord  Wellington's  despatch, 
'*  The  7th  Hussars  difitioguuhed  them- 
selvL'^,  and  made  many  prisoners :  their 
charges  were  highly  meritorioys ;  "  and  in 
that  action  Colonel  Kerriton  was  severely 
wounded.  On  the  return  of  the  regiment 
to  EDglaud^  its  officers  presented  a  piece 
of  plate,  of  two  hundred  guioeaj^  ?&lue,  to 
Colonel  KerrUon  in  testimony  of  their  c«ti- 
matiou  of  hiw  cunduot. 

He  again  served  in  the  campaio  of  1B15  ; 
was  slightly  wounded  at  Waterloo,  where 
aUo  his  horse  was  shot  under  him,  but 
continued  with  his  regiuientt  and  woj^  pre* 
sent  at  the  siege  of  Cainbray,  and  the  sur- 
render of  Paris. 

Sir  Edward  KerrUon  received  a  medal 
for  the  battle  of  Ortbes,  and  the  f^ilver 
medal  with  two  cIoKpsfor  Sahugan,  Bene- 
vento,  and  Toulouse.  He  was  nominated 
a  Commander  of  the  Bath  at  tlie  en  Urge* 
ment  of  the  order  j  received  thv  honour  of 
knighthood  on  the  5lh  Jan.  16}I> ;  wu^ 
created  a  Baronet  by  patent  dated  July 
27^  1851  \  nominated  a  Grand  Cross  of 
the  Hanoverian  Gaelphic  Order  in  1831 
(baring  been  previously  a  Kiught  Com- 
mander of  the  same),  and  a  Knight  Com- 
mander of  the  Bath  in  1840.  He  attained 
the  rank  of  Major-General  in  IBl^;  wud 
appointed  to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  Htb 
Light  Dragoons  in  1H30  ;  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Lieut. -General  in  11^37,  and  to  that 
of  General  in  18oL 

Sir  Edward  Kerrisoii  was  a  candidate  for 
the  borough  of  Shaftesbury  at  the  general 
election  of  1812  j  and,  though  not  re* 
turned,  was  teated  on  pLtitionr  and  repre- 
sented  that  borough  until  the  dtiaolution 
of  IBli:!.  At  the  election  of  that  year  he 
stood  for  Northampton,  and  unoealed  the 
former  Whig  member,  Sir  George  Robin- 
son* the  poll  being,  for  Earl  Compton 
(the  present  Martinets  of  Northampton) 
%\h,  Sir  Edward  Kerrision  GBG;  and  Sir 
George  Robinson  t»3^. 

8ir  £dward  was  first  elected  for  Eye  in 
the  year  1824,  and  he  was  rechogen,  witik- 
out  opposition,  at  every  subsequent  elec- 
tion, until  the  lust  of  185^\  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  his  son.  He  wa«  always  a 
cousifitent  and  zealous  supporter  of  the 
Conaer?ative  cause* 

'* Among  the  followers  of  that  great  chief 
whom  we  have  lately  lost  (says  the  United 
Service  Ga^ettCt)  there  was  none  more 
deeply  impressed  with  ilie  genius,  or  wore 
xeafous  to  carry  out  theinstruction«,  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,  than  he  on  wham  the 
grave  has  so  shortly  afterward.^  closed.  Ho 
served  bis  country  long,  faithfullyi  and 
truly ;  and  none  who  have  evt)r  known  him 
will  think  there  is  any  eiaggeration  in  de- 


claring that  his  warmth  of  heart,  his  gene- 
rous sympathy,  and  his  ever  overflowing 
benevolence  of  character,  made  him  no 
less  beloved  iu  his  private  than  respected 
in  bis  public  life/^ 

Sir  Edward  Kerrison  married,  on  the 
20th  Oct.  1913,  Mary-Martha,  daughter 
of  Alexander  EUict\  of  Pittencrief,  co»  Fife, 
esq.  and  by  tliat  lady  he  had  issue  one  son 
and  four  daughters  :  K  Anne,  married  in 
I B3 7,  to  the  present  Lord  Heoniker,  and 
has  issue;  2.  Emily-Harriet,  married  in 
1834  to  Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  only  son 
of  Earl  Stanhope,  and  has  issue  ;  3.  Ade- 
laide-Maynard,  who  died  in  1831;  4.  Sir 
Edward  Clarence  Kerrison.  the  present Ba* 
ronet;  and  5.  Agnes- Burrell,  born  in  1831, 

The  present  Baronet,  who,  as  already 
mentioned,  is  M.P.  for  Eye,  was  born  in 
1831,  and  married  in  1844,  Lady  Caroline 
Margaret  Pox-Strangways,  younger  daugh- 
ter of  the  Earl  of  Ilchester* 


General  Si&  Charlks  Imhofv. 

Feb.  14.  At  Darleaford  House,  Wor- 
t.'cstershire,  aged  86,  General  Sir  Charlei 
Imboff,  Knight  of  St.  Joachim. 

Sir  Charles  Imhoff,  though  of  German 
extraction,  was,  we  believe,  a  native  of 
this  country,  and  related  to  the  celebrated 
Warren  Hastings,  who  was  a  native  of 
D^^rlesford. 

Id  17  8G  he  was  recommended  by  Queen 
Charlotte  to  the  notice  of  the  reigning 
Prinoe  of  Waldeck,  and  was  appointed  by 
his  Serene  Highness  to  the  command  of  a 
company  in  one  of  his  regiments,  which  he 
joined  in  1787,  at  Arolsitn,  the  capital  of 
W'aldeck.  He  remained  in  Germany  for 
some  years ;  but,  having  completed  his 
military  education,  returned  to  England  at 
the  c.otnmenoemeut  of  the  war  in  17&3,  and 
accepted  a  commission  in  the  Berkiibire 
militia ;  which  be  quitted  a  Captain  in  1798, 
and  then  purchased  a  troop  in  the  First 
regiment  of  Life  Guards,  by  commisaion 
dated  April  4,  I  7^)9.  In  180L  be  beoamfl 
Major  in  the  4th  Foot,  and  on  the  6th 
of  Feb.  1802,  Lieut.. Colonel  in  the  aaine 
regiment. 

At  the  peace  of  1809  he  again  visited 
the  Prince  of  Waldeck,  but  returned  home 
from  Berlin  at  the  renewal  of  the  war.  He 
continued  on  half-pay  un(il  1807,  when  he 
was  for  a  abort  lime  Inspecting  Field 
Ofiioer  of  the  voluoteera  of  the  North  In- 
liiiu)    '  F  Nottingham;  and  waA  next 

apj  .t. -Colonel    of    the  fourth 

^Q.ii,..i  „,..lion,  Btationrd  in  Jersey, 
He  retained  that  command  in  the  Channel 
Islands  until  Juno  181*2,  when  he  was 
placed  on  the  statf  as  Inspecting  Field 
Officer  of  the  iiuernsey  Militia  ;  and,  after 
having  occasionally  officiated  as  command^ 
ing  officer  of  the  garrison  during  the  ib* 


544        Gen.  Sir  R.  Barton.'-^Rear-Adm.  Sir  C.  T,  Jones.      [May, 


scnce  of  the  Lieut.- Goveraor,  he  was  re- 
gularly sworn  into  that  office  on  the  25th 
June  1814,  and  exercised  its  functions 
until  the  20th  August  following. 

He  was  successively  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Colonel  in  the  army  in  1811, 
Major-Generall814,  Lieut.-General  1830, 
and  General  1846. 

On  the  18th  May,  1807,  he  received  the 
royal  licence  to  accept  the  insignia  of  a 
Grand  Commander  of  the  Order  of  St. 
Joachim,  and  from  that  period  he  had  en- 
joyed the  titular  distinction  of  a  Knight  in 
this  country, — the  regulation  to  the  con- 
trary with  respect  to  Foreign  Orders  of 
Knighthood  not  being  issued  until  the  year 
1813. 

Sir  Charles  ImhofF  married  Feb.  19, 
1795,  Charlotte,  sixth  daughter  of  Sir 
Charles  William  Blunt,  Bart.  She  died 
on  the  14th  March,  1847. 


General  Sir  Robert  Barton,  K.C.H. 

March  17.  At  Montagu-place,  Mon- 
tagu-square, in  his  84th  year,  General 
Sir  Robert  Barton,  Knt.  and  K.C.H. 

He  was  born  at  Fethard,  co.  Tipperary, 
the  fifth  son  of  William  Barton,  esq.  of 
Grove,  co.  Tipperary,  by  Grace,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  Very  Rev.  Charles  Massy, 
Dean  of  Limerick,  and  sister  to  Sir  Hugh 
Dillon  Massy,  of  Doonas,  Bart. 

Being  in  his  youth  in  the  south  of 
France,  Sir  Robert  Barton  commenced 
his  military  career,  in  1 790,  as  a  volunteer 
in  the  first  division  of  National  Guards ; 
and  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  National 
Convention  for  his  conduct  in  the  affair 
of  Moissac.  Having  returned  to  England, 
he  entered  the  British  service  in  1793. 
In  1795  he  was  in  Flanders  with  the  11th 
Dragoons,  and  in  1799  in  Holland,  where 
he  received  the  thanks  of  Sir  Ralph  Aber- 
cromby  for  his  conduct  at  Oude  Carspel, 
on  the  8th  Sept.  in  that  year.  In  1812, 
as  Lieut. -Colonel  of  the  *2d  Life  Guards, 
he  took  part  in  the  Peninsular  campaign. 
He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major- 
General  in  1819,  to  Lieut.- General  in  1837, 
and  to  General  in  1851. 

Sir  Robert  Barton  received  the  honour 
of  knighthood  in  1837. 

He  was  twice  married :  first,  to  Maria, 
daughter  and  co-heir  of  John  Painter,  esq. 
many  years  of  the  Navy  Office,  Somerset 
House,  and  niece  to  Lady  Northcote,  of 
Pynes,  Devon  ;  and,  secondly,  to  Marian 
Colette,  widow  of  Colonel  M'Pherson, 
daughter  of  John  Addison,  esq.  and  great- 
grand-daughtcr  of  Archbishop  Smith.  She 
died  in  1844.  By  his  first  wife  he  had 
issue  Hugh,  a  Major  in  the  army;  Grace, 
married  to  Capt.  Addison ;  and  Maria. 
By  his  second  wife  he  had  another  daughter, 
Alexandrina-Charlotte. 
11 


Rear-Admiral  Sir  C.  T.  Jones. 

April  4.  At  Montgomery,  in  hia  76th 
year,  Rear-Admiral  Sir  Charles  Thomas 
Jones,  Knight,  of  Fronfraith,  Montgo- 
meryshire, a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  that 
county. 

He  was  the  third  son  of  Charles  Thomas 
Jones,  esq.  of  Fronfraith. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  May,  1791,  as 
Captain's  servant,  in  the  Vulcan  fire- 
ship,  Capt.  S.  Ferris,  lying  off  Spithead, 
and  shortly  after  removed  as  first-class 
volunteer  to  the  Alcide  74,  stationed  in 
Portsmouth  harbour.  In  the  Leviathan 
74,  he  witnessed  the  occupation  of  Toulon 
in  August  1 793,  and  was  wounded  in  Lord 
Howe*8  action  of  the  1st  of  June,  1794. 
In  the  Sans  Pareil  80,  he  participated  in 
the  action  fought  off  the  Itle  de  Cfoiz, 
June  23,  1795.  He  was  made  Lieutenant 
Oct.  16,  1798,  into  the  Fairy  18,  on  the 
coast  of  Africa.  On  the  S6th  Aug.  1799,  he 
was  removed  to  the  Neptune  98,  Lord 
Gambler's  flag-ship  in  the  Channel ;  and 
he  afterwards  served  for  tome  years  in 
several  ships  on  the  East  India  station. 
On  the  16th  May,  1807,  he  was  appointed 
to  the  Trent  frigate,  bearing  the  flag  of 
Vice- Admiral  Sir  J.  H.  Wbitshed  at  Cork. 

In  1809,  he  received  the  honoar  of 
knighthood  from  the  hands  of  the  Duke  of 
Richmond,the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland. 

Sir  C.  T.  Jones  attained  the  rank  of 
Commander  Aug,  15,  1810.  On  the  16th 
June  1814,  he  was  appointed  to  the  Har- 
rier sloop,  which  was  employed  among  the 
Canary  Islands,  off  the  coast  of  France, 
and  on  the  Haliifaz  station,  until  paid  off 
in  Dec.  1818. 

He  wai  promoted  to  Post-Captain  Aug. 
12,  1819.  He  accepted  the  retirement  of 
that  rank  Oct.  1,  1846,  and  became  a  re- 
tired Rear-Admiral  in  1851. 

He  married  in  1817f  Miss  Salton,  daugh- 
ter of  Gilbert  Salton,  esq.  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Bermuda. 

Captain  Dilkb,  R.N. 

March  24.  At  the  house  of  his  rela- 
tive Mr.  Featherstone  at  Rugby,  Tliomas 
Dilke,  esq.  Captain  R.N. 

He  was  the  younger  son  of  William 
Dilke,  esq.  of  Maxstoke  CasUe,  co.  War- 
wick, (who  died  in  1797*)  by  Louisa- Anne, 
daughter  of  Richard  Geast,  esq.  of  Blythe 
Hall,  CO.  Warwick,  and  sister  to  Dugdale 
Stratford  Dugdale,  esq.  of  Merivale. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  May  1811  as 
first- class  boy  in  the  Revenge  74,  in  which 
and  the  Marlborough  74,  bearing  the  flags 
of  Rear-Admirals  the  Hon.  A.  K.  Legge 
and  George  Cockbum,  he  served,  off 
Cadiz,  until  Nov.  1812.  Daring  the  next 
six  years  he  was  employed  in  yarioos  ships 
on  the  West  India,  Home,  and  Mediter« 


1853.]        CapL  Dilke,  R,N.—Capi.  Granmtle  Loch,  R.N,  545 


nnean  stationi.     On  the  3rd  Oct.  1818, 
I  be  bcframe  acting-Lieutenant  of  the  Myr- 
midon JO ;  and  he  was  confirmed  in  tbnt 
rank   on  the  ^12nd  Jan.    1B19.     On  the 
I2tli  July,  1821,  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Cherokee    10;   and  on   tlie    12th   April, 
18'2;i,  to  the  Naiad  IG  j  in  which  he  con- 
tributed to  the  defeat  on  the    ilat  Jan. 
^BS4,  of  the  Tripoli,  Algerine  corvette,  of 
^  go  OR ;  and  on  the  oight  of  the  'i:lrd 
lay  following  coromatided  the  boats,  in 
conjunction   with    LieutH.   Micliael   Quin 
and  George   Evans,  at  the  brilliant   dc- 
l(ruction  of  a  iG-g-un  hrig  moored  under 
protection  of  the  fortress  of  Bona*     On 
the  ^2«th  Dec.   ISi'C  lie  removed   to   the 
Asia  W4,  as  Flag -Lieu  tenant  to  Sir  Edward 
Dodringtonj   Commander-in-Chief  In  the 
ifditerraneon  ;   and   for  his  conduct  ini 
At   ship,    at    the    battle    of    Nararino, 
*  Oct.  20,  1827,  he  was  promoted*  on  the 
■an:ie  day,  to  the  Rose  sloop*  in  which  he 
[  continued  until  some  time  in  the  follow* 
ring  year,     lie  was  afterwards  appointed, 
I  Aug.  4,  1835,  to  Llie  Wanderer  brig,  on 
the  North  America  and  West  Indifli  sta- 
tion;   and   on   the   10th  Jan.   1837  was 
promoted  to  post  rank,  since  whkb  time 
Le  has  been  od  half-pay. 

Mr,  Dilke  had  walked  from  the  railway 
Btatiori   at   Rugby   to  the  house   of  Mr« 
Featherstone*  and  bad  been  shown  into 
I  bis  room,  when  be  suddenly  fell  and  cx- 
j  pired.      It   was   ascertained    that    death 
I  eniued  from  water  formed  in  the  peri- 
cardium. 


Captain  Graxvillb  Loch*  R.N. 
Ftb.  3.  Slain  J  when  commanding  an 
LcjrpeditioD  against  the  Burmese  on  the 
I  Irawaddy,  in  bis  50tb  year,  Capt,  Grao- 
1  fiile  Gower  Loch,  RN.^  HagX'aptain  of  the 
[  Winchester. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  James  Loch, 
I  esq.  of  Dry  law,  co.  Edinburgh,  M.P.  for 
Kirkwall,  &c.  by  Anne,  youngest  daughter 
of  P.  Orr,  cnq.  of  co.  Kincardine.  His 
I  QDcle,  Francis  Erskiae  Loch,  esq.  is  a 
I  Post  Caplain  of  the  year  1314,  and  couiio 
I  to  Admiral  Sir  Cbarles  Adam,  K.C.B. 

He  entered  the  navy  on  the  23rfl  Feb. 

!  iB'^fJ,  Olid  passed  his  exaniination  io  1832. 

|fie  was  mude  Lieutenant  Oct.  23, 183^  ; 

ppointed  on  the  2Ut  Aug.  1834,  to  the 

>cean  SO,  and  on  the  ?7th  Aug.  1835,  to 

I  the  Howe  120,  as  flag.  Lieutenant  at  the 

llfore  to  the  Hon.  C*  £.   Fleming.      In 

lAlarch  1836  be  joined  the  Vanguard  BO, 

hen  fitting  for  the  Mediterranean,     On 

beS^eth  Feb.   1837   be  was  made  Com- 

nander ;  on  the   12th  July  1838  was  ap- 

ointed  to  the  Fly   18,  mid  on  the  i6th 

Dec.    1840  to  the  Vesuvius  steamer,  id 

-which  he  served  on  the  South  American 

Gknt.  Mag.  Vot.  XXXIX. 


and  Mediterranean  stationi.   On  the  26th 
Aug.  1841,  be  wasadvnnced  to  post  rank. 

In  the  following  year  he  went  out  in  the 
Dido  to  »erve  as  a  volunteer  on  the  staff  of 
Lord  Gough  in  the  war  in  China.  He  acted 
as  an  ejctm  aide-de-camp  at  the  storming 
of  Chin  Kiang-Foo  on  the  2l5t  July, 
1842;  and  was  present  with  Sir  Henry 
Pottinger  at  all  the  conferences  which  ter- 
minated that  war.  He  publisbecl  a  very 
interesting  work,  entitled  **  The  Closing 
Events  of  the  War  in  China." 

In  184G  Capt.  Ijmh  obtained  the  com- 
mand of  the  Alarm  26,  then  on  the  West 
Indiastation,  In  this  capacity  he  conducted 
a  very  s]uritcd  expedition  in  boats  up  the 
river  San  Juan  de  Nicaragua  (the  scene  of 
one  of  Nclson*s  early  exploits),  which 
enabled  him  to  adjuist  the  differences  then 
existing  between  the  British  Government 
and  the  Nicaragnan  Republic,  and  to  dic- 
tate a  treaty  with  that  State.  For  this 
service  he  received  from  Her  Majesty  the 
Companionahtp  of  the  Bath,  upon  the  re- 
commendation of  Lord  PulmerBton* 

In  1852  Captain  Loch  was  appointed  by 
the  Duke  of  Northumberland  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Winchester  50,  which  was  or- 
dered to  reheve  the  Hastings  as  flag-ship 
in  the  East  Indies.  Shortly  after  his  ar- 
rival at  Rangoon  Admiral  Austen  died  of 
cholera.  The  Commodore  remained  with 
the  squadron  off  the  coqbI,  and  the  com* 
mand  of  the  river  devolved  principally  on 
Captain  Loch.  In  spite  of  an  oppressive 
climate  and  a  harassing  enemy  he  kept 
the  common i cations  open,  nnd  succeeded, 
against  enormous  odds,  in  compelling  the 
Burmese  to  retire,  in  great  measure,  from 
the  stockades  and  positions  they  held  on 
the  banks  of  the  Irawnddy.  An  attack 
was  about  to  be  made  upon  a  strong  posi- 
tion at  Donabew,  where  a  marauding  chief, 
with  upwards  of  a  thousand  followers,  had 
occupied  the  square  of  the  psgoda  and 
ejected  the  head  man  of  the  town,  who  hud 
been  faithful  to  the  Britit>h  throughout  the 
war.  These  marauders,  or  dacoits,  had 
already  given  some  trouble,  for  they  oc- 
cupy a  country  covered  with  jungle  ond 
intersected  with  creeks,  in  the  unknown 
delta  of  the  river.  Very  recently  a  squadroo 
of  boats  and  a  steamer  had  been  sent 
against  them,  and  had  returned  with  loss* 
never  baviD^  seen  the  enemy,  though  they 
asocnded  a  narrow  creek,  staked  in  several 
places,  and  were  exposed  to  a  galling  fire. 
It  was  therefore  thought  necessary  to  re- 
new the  attack  on  these  formidable  rob  ben  . 
with  a  larger  force,  and  Captain  Graovillc 
Loch  determined  to  lead  this  enterprise  in 
person.  The  resnlt  of  this  attack  proved 
most  unfortunate.  It  was  repulsed  by  the 
natives  with  very  severe  loss,  amounting  to 
no  less  than  88  killed  and  wounded  out  ui 
I  A 


546 


OBiTVAHY^^^Lieui^Col,  Charles  DeanCf  KtS, 


[May, 


a  party  which  catinot  liave  ejEceeded  300  or 
400*  Two  guns  were  also  lost ;  and,  as  if 
to  render  tbiii  disaster  the  most  painful 
occurrence  in  the  campaign,  it  woa  marked 
by  the  death  of  Captain  Loch  him  eel  f,  who 
commanded  the  ejcpeditiouf  and  of  Lieute- 
nant Kennedy}  of  tbe  Pox,  while  several 
other  officers  and  mates  were  severely 
wouuded. 


Lifit7T..CoL.  Cha-rleb  Dbanb,  K.U. 

March  18.  At  Newport,  Monmouth- 
shire,  in  bis  62d  year,  Lieut.-Colonel 
Charles  Deanei  K*U.  in  command  of  the 
lat  battalioii  of  tbe  First  or  Royal  Regi- 
ment of  Foot. 

This  distinguished  officer  wsi  bora 
June  a,  179 ly  at  Southampton,  and  wai 
the  eldest  son  of  Captain  Charles  Mere* 
dith  Deano,  of  the  S4th  Light  Dragoons, 
and  of  his  wife,  Ann,  eldest  dayghter  of 
John  Deane,  Esq.,  of  Hartley  Courts 
Berks,  a  magistrate  and  receiver  for  tbe 
cotiDty*  Mrs,  Deane  was  authoress  of  a 
"  Tour  through  the  Upper  Provinces  of 
Hindostan  in  1804  |"  and  died  at  Bath  in 
1847,  leaving  two  sons,  1.  Cbarles,  the 
subject  of  this  memoir;  and,  2,  the  Rev, 
John  Bathurst  D«ane,  M.A.  F.S.A. 

liieut.' Colonel  Deane  entered  the  army, 
as  Cornet  in  tbe  S4th  Light  Dragoons,  at 
the  early  age  of  fourteen  yemn,  nndisr  the 
unnsually  interesting  circumstance  that  his 
cornetey  was  given  by  Lord  Lake,  on  the 
field  of  battle,  at  Delhi,  to  his  father,  of 
whose  gallantry,  in  the  celebrated  charge 
by  which  the  24th  (then  27th)  Light 
Dragoons  broke  and  dispersed  the  rear 
division  of  the  Mahratta  army,  his  lordship 
had  bef'Q  an  eye-witness.  Cornet  Deane 
joined  his  regiment  at  Cawupore,  in  lBOf>, 
as  Lient£aant  (by  purchase),  and  was  pre« 
sent  with  it  in  the  cRmpaigns— of  IB09, 
against  Runjeet  Sing;  of  1B17,  against 
the  Mahrattahs;  and  of  IS  18,  against  the 
Pindarrees.  At  the  siege  of  Hattras,  in 
1817,  Lieut»  Deane  when  on  picquet  duty 
with  half  a  troop  of  tbe  24lh  Light  Dra- 
goons, charged  and  repulsed  a  body  of 
8O0  horsemen  of  the  enemy,  clad  in  diala 
armour,  and  escortiog  a  large  convoy  of 
tfoiisure,  with  which  they  were  attempting 
to  escape  from  the  fortress.  Many  of  theee 
horsemen  were  cut  down,  and  several  of 
tbe  treasure  waggons  captured,  and  sent 
by  Lieut.  Deane  into  the  British  camp. 
In  1818,  Lieut,  Deane  obtained  (by  par* 
chase)  a  troop  of  the  ^4th  Light  Dragoons, 
which  returned  home  and  were  disbanded 
the  same  year.  In  1823,  Captain  Deane 
exchanged  from  H.  P.  into  the  First  or 
Royal  Regiment  of  Foot,  then  in  MadraSj 
and  accompanied  it  to  the  Burmese  War. 
In  November,  1B25,  he  was  detached  by 
Sir  Archibald  Campbell  with  lOfi  men  of 


the  Royals  and  lO-U  Sepoys  to  defend  the 
important  post  of  Fuddowo,  on  the  Irra- 
waddy,  30  miles  in  rear  of  the  army  then 
in  advance  upon  Ava.     On  the  continued 
occupation  of  this  post  depended,   in  a 
great  measure,  the  supplies  of  the  armf 
by  water — their  only  means  of  c^rrtoge; 
and  it  appeared  an  act  of  imprudence  m 
the  General  to  trust  the  maintenance  of  sd 
important  a  position  as  Puddown  to  so 
small  a  force  as  200  men,  assisted  though 
they  were  by  a  few  boats  under  the  oom« 
mand  of  Lieutenant  Kellett,  R,N.     The 
post,  neverthekas,   was  succcsifully  held 
by  Captain  Deane  and  his  heroic  little 
band,  in  which  the  Sepoys  emulated  the 
valour  of  their  European  comradesi  wbe 
repulsed  the  repeated  attacks  of  upwards 
of  5o00  Burmese  on  three  several  days, 
and  Anally  compelled  them  to  rcliaquish 
the  siege  after  they  had  penetrated  Into 
and  set  every  quarter  of  the  village  on 
fire.     For  this  service  Captain  Deane  was 
rewarded  (but  not   till   ten   years   i/ter- 
wards,  when  he  had  purchased  his  ma* 
jority)  with  the  Cross  of  the  Hanoverian 
Order.     He  obtained,  also,  the  war  medal 
for  bis  other  campaigns  when  tbeee  lio- 
norary  distinctions  were  ^ardilf  deUfcnd 
out  to  the  veterans  of  the  In^an  wan  of 
Lake   and    Wellesley.      In    1H4:1    Mi^or 
Deane  purchased  theLieutenaot-Coloneky 
of  the  2nd  Battalion  Royals,  but  was  un- 
fortunately compelled,  through  ilUbealth, 
to  relinquish  it  a  month  afterwards,  on  the 
regiment  being  ordered  to  the  West  Indies* 
In  1846  Major  Deane  obtained  the  brevet- 
rank  of  Lieutenant- Colonel,  ajid  proceeded 
to  Joiu  his  regiment  in  St.  Lucia;  and  after 
Chat  in  New  Brunswick.     Soon  after  the 
return  of  the  1st  Battalion  to  England  in 
1851,  Lieutenant -Colonel  Deane  tiook  tbe 
command  of  it,  in  consequeooe  of  tbe  ill- 
ness of  Lieutenant 'Colonel  Brows  i  whidi 
command  be  retained  till  within  a  few  days 
of  his  death,  March  18,  1B53,  neoluiely 
discharging  his  duties  to  the  lasti  althougli 
daily  sinking  into  his  grave,  wiUi  that  in- 
domitable energy  which  had  been  bis  cha- 
racteristic through  life.     He  wui  butied 
on  the  22nd  inat.  in  the  beautiful  church- 
yard of  Malpas,  with  the  mihtary  honours 
to  which  his  rank  and  position  were  en- 
titled, the  whole  regiment  then  at  head- 
quarters being  in  attendance,  uul  thou* 
sands  of  spectatora  witnessing  tbe  moat 
considerable  and  most  impressive  taamn^ 
which  had  ever  been  seen  in  that  counlfy. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Deane,  K.H.  has  left 
behind  him  in  his  regiment  the  reputattuD 
of  a  kind  commander  and  an  asceUent 
officer  \  one  who,  always  observant  of  itriot 
discipline,  was  ever  attentive  to  the  com- 
foru  of  his  men,  and  one  to  whom   him 
regiment,  in  the  hour  of  aotiou,   womUl 


I 


d^Kt^aiCabi 


mtfT'i 


R,  Macleod^  Esq.^^H*  Cony^n,  Eiff. — If,  Southern^  Esq*  547 


hare  cheeif  ally  and  confidently  tnistcd  the 
honour  of  a  Hag  charged  wtth  the  names  of 
fifteen  Tictonea. 

Lient.-Colonel  Deane  married  in  1823, 
Aug  us  I  a,  third  daughter  of  the  ktc  Dr. 
Lempri^rc,  author  of  the  Clajisicat  Die- 
tiouary  ;  and  has  left  several  sons  and  one 
married  daughter. 


Mart^h  13.  At  his  seat,  luvergordon 
Castle,  Ross- shire,  iu  his  G7th  year, 
Roderick  Macleod^  esq.  of  CadboU,  Lord 
Lieuteuaiit  of  the  county  of  Cromarty, 
and  a  Deputy  Lieutenaut  of  Ros«'Shire. 

He  was  the  only  son  of  Robert  Bmee 
jCIneaa  Madeod,  esq.  who  was  also  Lord 
Lieutenaut  of  Cromarty sMre,  and  tta  re- 
preaentatiTe  in  parliament  from  1807  to 
\%\%  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Alexander 
Macleod,  esq.  of  Harris. 

He  was  returned  to  parliament  for  the 
counties  of  Cromarty  and  Nairn  at  the 
general  election  of  1H18,  but  in  1820  was 
sneeeeded  by  the  Hon,  G*  Pryce  Camp- 
bi'U.  '  In  Sept.  1831,  on  the  death  of  Sir 
Hugh  Innei,  Bart,  he  was  elected  for  the 
connty  of  Sutherland  (for  which  hia  father 
had  been  an  unsuccessful  candidate  in 
17£^0)  ;  and  again  at  the  genersl  elections 
of  1832  and  183d.  At  the  foUovving  elec- 
tioti  in  1837  he  was  returned  for  the  In- 
veraess  district  of  bnrghs,  defeating  James 
J.  R.  Mackenzie,  esq.  by  "^36  votes  to 
317  ;  but  in  March,  1840,  he  retired  from 
parliament  by  accepting  the  stewardship 
of  the  Chiltern  hundreds.  His  vote  bad 
generally  supported  the  Liberal  party, 

Mr.  Mackod  was  constituted  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  the  shire  of  Cromarty  in 
163  ij  on  the  resignation  of  his  father,  who 
had  held  the  office  from  the  period  of  its 
first  institution  in  1794. 

He  married,  in  1813,  T a ab elk,  daughter 
of  William  Cunninghame,  esq.  of  Lain- 
shttw^  in  Ayrshirei  and  had  issue  two  sons, 
Robert- Bruce- jEneas,  and  Henry-Dun- 
ning ;  and  three  daughters,  Margaret- 
Elizabeth,  Anna-Maria^  and  Isabella, 


Henry  John  CoNrima,  Esa. 

March  30.  Aged  61  p  Henrr  John 
Conyers,  esq.  of  Copped  Hall,  Essex,  a 
Deputy  Lieutenant  and  Magistrate,  Co- 
louel  commandant  of  the  East  Essex 
Af  tlttia,  and  a  Yerdorer  of  Epping  Forest. 

He  waa  bom  in  Feb.  1783,  the  only 
flon  of  John  Conyert,  esq.  of  Copped 
HoU,  who  died  in  1818,  by  JuUa.Cotha- 
rine,  only  daughter  of  WiUiana  Mathew, 
esq. 

Colonel  Cooyers  was  a  Tory  and  Pro- 
tectionist in  politics.  In  March  1830,  on 
the  death  of  Sir  Eliab  Harvey,  he  was  a 
candidate  for  the  repretentfttion  of  the 


county  of  Essex,  but  Mr*  Bramstoti  was 
elected  by  the  large  majority  of  1840  to 
66 L  The  Colonel's  most  conspkuooi 
character  was  as  a  sportsman.  He  might 
(says  the  Chelmsford  Chronicle)  well  be 
called  the  father  of  the  Essex  hunting-field, 
since  he  had  been  at  the  head  of  a  pack  of 
fox-hounds  for  half  a  century,  atid  no  man 
bad  spent  more,  or  applied  a  greater  por- 
tion of  time  and  energy  to  the  pursuit  of 
the  chase  in  all  its  spirit.  For  the  last  few 
years  age  had  begun  to  tell  on  his  once 
iron  frame,  but  his  last  illness  was  not  of 
many  days'  duration* 

He  married  Jan.  8,  1817,  Harriet, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Thomas  Steele,  and  bad  is.^^ue  three 
daughters  :  1.  Julia,  married  in  1M0  to 
the  Hon.  Anthony  John  Ashley,  barrister- 
at-law,  brother  to  the  present  Earl  of 
Shaftesbury;  2.  Charlotte-Elizabeth, mar- 
ried in  1839  to  Richard  Jefferson  Eaton, 
esq.  some  time  MP.  for  Cambridgeshire, 
and  was  left  his  widow  in  1847  ;  and  3. 
Henrietta- Maria,  who  died  m  1846,  aged 
twenty-five. 


HsKRY  Southern,  Esq.  C.B. 

Jon.  28.  At  Rio  de  Janeiro,  aged  54, 
Henry  Southern,  esq.  C.B.,  H.M,  Minister 
at  the  Court  of  the  Brazils. 

This  gentleman  was  a  member  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  graduated 
B.A.  1819,  as  22nd  Senior  Optime  M.A. 
1822.  He  afterwards  became  a  member 
df  the  Middle  Temple,  but  was  not  called 
to  the  bar.  For  some  years  he  was  a  con- 
siderable contributor  to  literary  periodi- 
cals. He  was  the  originator  and  editor  of 
the  Retrospective  Review  \  he  afterwards, 
conjointly  with  Dr  Bowring,  conducted 
the  Westminster  Review  j  he  was  the  pro- 
prietor and  editor  of  the  second  seriea  of 
tbe  London  Magazine  \  he  contributed  to 
the  Atlafi  upon  its  first  starting,  and  passed 
from  it  to  the  Spectator,  under  its  origi- 
nator and  present  able  conductor,  Mr,  Rih- 
tonl.  He  also  took  a  part  in  the  literature 
of  the  Examiaer. 

In  1833  he  accompanied  Mr.  Villlers, 
DOW  Earl  of  Clarendon,  on  his  being  ap- 
pointed Minister  to  Spain,  as  his  private 
secretary.  He  was  presently  placed  on 
the  diplomatic  staff,  and  after  remaining 
some  years  at  Madrid  was  appointed  Se- 
cretary of  Legrtion  at  Lisbon.  In  1848 
be  bet^me  Minister  to  the  Argentine  Con- 
federation, and  in  1851  was  promoted  to 
the  Court  of  the  Brsxits,  and  received  the 
insignia  of  a  Companion  of  the  Bath. 

He  died  after  an  illaeas  of  only  three 
days.  He  bad  been  la  his  usual  state  of 
health  at  the  Legation,  in  the  middle  of 
the  day  of  the  ^4tb  Jan.  when  the  beat 
was  very  great,  and  where  be  inhaled  the 


348       Ckemtthr  Kestne)\~E.  P,  Charhmorth,  Eaq.  M.D,     [May, 

poiflonous  atmos[jhtre.  I  q  the  cTening  he 
returxied  to  hia  country  liotise  in  an  ope o 
carriage,  exposed  to  the  datnp  air,  and  in 
the  ti'ight  was  taken  estretnely  ill,  and  suf- 
fered very  greatly  during  three  days,  when 
nature  could  resist  no  longer,  and  be  was 
relieYed  by  death  from  further  struggle. 
TbuB  has  died,  in  the  service  of  his  country^ 
tiot  merely  one  nf  ber  ahleat  men  in  the 
iiphere  in  which  he  was  placed,  but  one 
who  unflinchingly  and  untiringly  devoted 
the  best  energie*  of  \m  large  oiid  liberal 
mind  to  the  futhlmeiit  of  his  dutie^^.  1  n 
private  life  Mr.  Southern  wai  greatly  be- 
loved and  respected  for  hrs  very  many 
amiable  personal  cjualities,  and  his  varied 
learning  and  acquirements. 

On  the  2Hth  of  January  (the  day  of  hia 
death)  his  body  wdb  conveyed  to  the  Le- 
gation in  Rio,  where  the  royal  hearse  was 
in  attendance,  with  a  large  cavalry  eacort. 
The  Minister  for  Foreign  A^airs  and 
Under-Secretaries,  all  the  diplomatic  corps 
in  town,  and  a  large  number  of  pin-son*  of 
distinction,  formed  the  funeral  procesaion 
from  the  house  to  the  British  burial- 
ground,  where  the  greater  portion  of  the 
Britiab  retjidenta  and  many  Brozilian*  of 
high  respectability  awaited  the  arrival. 
The  itTvjce  wag  read  by  the  English  Cler- 
gymiin;  and;  on  the  body  being  lowered 
into  the  ground,  the  artillery  and  infantry 
tired  the  customary  salutes. 


CUEVAl.tER  KbSTNRR* 

March  J.  Ac  liome,  id  hb  76th  year, 
Chevalier  Kestner,  late  Hanoverian  Miuis- 
ter  at  the  Pontifical  court. 

During  a  residence  of  more  than  forty 
yciirs  iu  that  i:ity,  he  had  justly  become 
the  f;ivourite  of  the  English  residents  and 
visitors.  AlLhough  he  nevi^r  rii?ceived  the 
slightest  remuDi  ration  from  Enghtod,  he 
bad,  even  after  the  place  of  Hanoverian 
Miuisterat  Home  wai*  abolisilied  iu  IJ^-ll, 
performed,  iu  the  absence  of  au  Englit^h 
rt'inident,  all  those  acts  of  courtesy  and 
kindness  for  which  foreignera  generally 
look  to  tlic  representatives  uf  their  own 
government. 

Augustus  Kestner  is  known  to  thi-  Eog- 
liah  literary  public  by  different  wsa^;}  on 
the  fine  arts,  in  particular  by  a  small  hut 
highly  instructive  volunacon  painting,  which 
was  ably  trauslatiid  by  Sir  Charks  East* 
Uke.  Himself  a  distinguished  draughts- 
man and  u  practised  painter,  he  posw^scd 
a  profound  knowledge  of  the  arta,  both 
ancient  and  modern,  and  a  keen  sente  of 
classical  beauty,  which  had  been  sharpeo- 
ed  to  an  almost  iuatiuctivc  tact.  To  him 
IB  owing,  for  the  mont  part,  the  formation 
of  the  best  collection  of  castji  of  antique 
gems— that  published  by  the  Tnstituto 
Archeologico,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the 


founders  and  distingujiihed  f unctioniiriej , 
and  at  the  sittings  of  which  he  regularly 
presided  for  many  years.  He  also  yom^ 
sc&sed  a  choice  collection  of  worka  or  Art 
— Egyptian,  Greek,  Etnue&iit  Roman — 
including  medals,  gems,  camcot,  bromes, 
vases,  aud  a  considerable  number  of  choice 
pictures  of  the  histoncal  Italian  school, 
and  engraWngs,  which  formed  together  the 
Museum  ICe^tnerianura*  He  had  oil  but 
finished  an  accurate  catalogue  of  this  mu- 
aeunip  which,  we  believe,  he  has  with  bl 
noble  patriotism  left  to  the  university  of 
bis  native  country,  the  illustrious  Geori^'^ 
Augttflta  (G5ttingen),  and  which  would  ( 
honour  to  any  priucely  collection.  As  I 
delighted  in  drawing  and  painting,  so 
was  not  only  au  enthusiastic  admirer  ' 
true  music,  but  birasEflf  a  composer.  In 
short,  be  combined  in  his  persua  a  rare 
eminence  in  almost  every  branch  of  the 
tine  arts,  being  at  the  same  time  an  aocom* 
pliihed  man  of  busiaess,  and  well  oc- 
quainici]  ivith  the  duties  of  his  own  pro- 
fetssion,  which  he  ennobled  by  sioccrity, 
truthfulness,  and  unflinching  moral  oou* 
rage.  But  his  highest  and  rarest  merit 
was  his  universal  kindness  and  his  faithful 
frieudship,  his  childlike  soul,  his  pure  and 
spotless  character,  and  bis  enthusiasm  for 
every  thing  which  elevates  humanity  and 
adorns  society. 

He  has  left  behind  him  re^dj  %o  appear 
1^1  print  bis  father's  correspondeooe  with  ih^ 
poet  Got'tbe,  in  the  years  1772  and  177^ 
(the  period  of  Gotz  and  of  Faust),  before 
and  after  the  marriage  of  Kestner  with 
Lotte,  the  lovely  original  of  that  paetical 
creation,  Werther's  Lotte.  This  corre- 
spondence does  as  much  honour  tu  humAii 
rifiturc  in  general  as  to  the  three  primipd 
persons  concerned  in  it.  Measures  huve 
been  taken  to  secure  an  EnghaU  trani>la* 
tion,  with  notes  and  illustrations. — l\mn* 


E.  P,  CWARLKSWOttTH,  EscA.  M.O. 

Feb.  m  At  Lincoln,  aged  51,  Edward 
Parker  Charlesworth,  esq.  M.D.,  an  hono^ 
rary  Vice* President  of  the  County  Hfl*tpi- 
tid,  the  Lunatic  Asylum,  and  the  Liitcohi 
General  Dispensary. 

Dr.  Charlesworth  was  the  ton  of  tlw 
Rev.  John  Charlesworth,  A.M.  Fellow  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  Rec- 
tor of  Ossington,  NotUogham!»Uire.  Hia 
graudfathitr  was  of  the  '  '  profes- 
sion, of  a  family  long  ri  ^ttiag* 
bamshire,  formerly  of  Cli  i,  Der- 
byshire. Tbe  doctor's  medicoi  education 
was  begun  under  the  pupilage  of  thr  Hte 
E.  Harrison,  M.D.  of  Horn  r. 
wards  of  Holies-street,  liOOil 
pleted  in  Edinburgh,  where  Lv  j^-  *  I 
in  1807.  Having  previously  marriti,  h* 
at  ouce  settled  in  Lincoln.     From  Kdm- 


ISoii.]  OuiTUAtiy.^i?.  P.  Charleiworth,  Esfj.  MM. 


540 


bur^h  he  broagbt  rare  c^uaUUes.  Gifted 
with  in  excellent  aiemorj,  he  was  a  close 
observer  and  a  sound  logiciau.  No  mau 
coy  Id  excel  hiiui  m  hia  clear,  analytic 
power  of  reasoning  ;  every  thought  was 
directed  to  some  practical  end.  Though 
not  a  closet 'BtuJeut,  he  read  much.  He 
profoundly  studied  the  book  of  nature  ; 
arid  no  one  had  more  deeply  read  man- 
kiad.  With  such  qualities  for  forming 
a  tir^t-rate  physician,  do  wonder  be  rose 
rapidly  into  repute,  and  acqiiirud  a  wide 
practice  ia  the  county.  He  was  early 
appointed  phyucliui  to  tlie  Lincolnshire 
County  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  beflides 
giving  gratuitous  ad?ioe  at  his  own  house. 
To  meet  those  increased  demands  upon  his 
exertions,  he  became  a  perfect  economist 
of  time.  Tliroughnut  life  bis  early  habits 
mid  the  scrupulous  exactness  with  which 
ho  fulfilled  both  public  and  private  en- 
gagemcntii  became  proverbiaL  In  con- 
sultation he  was  clear,  careful,  correct ; 
bJB  treatment  of  disease  bold,  but  [irudent; 
he  never  subjected  bis  patient  to  rash  ex> 
perimeotr  nor  pestered  the  medical  at- 
tendant with  multiplied  remedies.  His 
opinion  was  generally  expressed  in  few 
words,  for  he  had  the  power  to  speak,  as 
he  wrote,  in  aphorisms ;  and  seldom  was 
there  room  for  dissent  from  his  dictum  ; 
yet  his  deference  and  courtesy  in  canvass- 
ing an  opposing  opinion  were  remarkable ; 
he  delighted  to  discern  merit  iu  others ; 
aod  one  great  aim  of  his  life  was  to  exalt^ 
nut  to  deprecialCp  his  fi^ How- practitioners. 

But  we  should  be  doing  great  injnstice 
to  the  memory  of  Dr.  Charlesworth  did 
we  regard  him  merely  in  the  capacity  of 
Kn  eminent  and  successfnl  medical  prac* 
titioner.  Convinced  that  the  well-being 
€>f  public  iustitutions  depended  upon  strict 
BU[iervifiion,  and  scrupuioiis  performance 
of  their  duties  by  both  officers  and  altcud- 
aiitSf  he  was  deemed  by  some  a  stern  dis- 
disciplinariau ;  but  be  it  bonie  id  mind 
that  he  fuught  on  the  side  of  mercy  and 
charity.  He  was  a  thorough  reformir,  and 
(like  all  reformers)  was  for  a  while  looked 
U|iOD  as  a  wild  innovator,  for  to  battle 
•gainst  ignorance  and  prejudice  is  to  ex- 
'  Ite  oppoaitioQ. 

The  great  work,  however,  of  thirty  of 
the  beat  years  of  his  life — "  the  labour 
of  love*'  he  laid  out  for  himself— was  his 
persistent  effort  to  alleviate  and  improve 
the  condition  of  those  who  suffer  under 
the  most  dire  and  grieroni  affliction  with 
which  it  pleases  God  to  visit  his  creatures. 
No  aooDcr  was  the  Liucotn  Lunatic  Asy- 
m  opened,  than  be  was  appointed  one  of 
the  pbysidans.  He  had  seen  the  working 
of  a  private  osylum,  conducted  by  bis  pre- 
ceptor, Dr.  Harrison,  at  Horncastle,  on 
the  plan  of  all  similar  establish menta  of 


that  day,  where  men  were  kept  cliainod  up 
like  wild  beasts  * 

At  Lincoln  he  was  speedily  roused  to 
exertion,  RemoDstrant  letters  poured  in 
from  him  to  the  board.  With  kim,  a  pur* 
pose  once  formed  was  a  law  from  which 
nothing  could  divert  him«  Impressed  with 
the  cruelty  and  mischief  of  the  *'  brutal 
means  of  reatraint "  then  practised,  he 
conceived  the  grand  idea  to  substitute 
moral  control  and  kindness  in  the  place  of 
pbyftical  control  and  coercion »  For  years 
he  had  to  contend  against  adverse  boards, 
opposing  colleagues,  refractory  officers  ^ 
bnt  his  was  the  cause  of  refractory  pa* 
tients.  Cautiously  but  vigorously — year 
by  year  ^  step  by  step — he  proceeded. 
Leg-locks,  and  otlier  Instruments  of  tor- 
ture, hung  up  as  obsolete  curiosities  in  his 
library  j  strait-waistcoats  were  forbidden  ; 
restraint -chairs  broken  up  ;  vigilant  su- 
pervision by  night  and  day  was  provided 
for  I  public  inspection  courted ;  every  im- 
pediment in  the  way  of  coercion  multi- 
plied, until  the  imposition  of  restraint 
was  more  irksome  to  the  attendant  than 
to  the  patient.  As  his  plan  beciime  deve- 
loped, and  his  requirements  from  time  to 
time  were  obtained,  boards  of  manage- 
ment became  more  manageable  and  ap- 
proving. The  humane  and  gifted  Co- 
nolly  saw  the  system  at  work,  adopted 
and  fallowed  it  out  at  Ban  well,  and  wa4 
ever  proud,  both  in  public  and  in  private, 
to  ockoowledge  his  obligations  to  his 
teacher  and  guide.  House-surgeons  caught 
the  enthusiasm ;  seconded  by  the  exer- 
tions of  those  energetic  officers,  under  one 
th«  lai^t  relic  of  instrumental  restraint 
vanished,  a  second  threw  open  the  seclu- 
sion rooms ;  and,  so  complete  had  the 
arrangements  become,  that,  uudur  the  pre- 
sent indefadgable  resident  officer,  manual 
reatruiut  and  out-door  ciassihcatiou  are 
found  no  longer  necessary « 

If  Fnince  may  justly  boust  giving  birtli 
to  the  man  who  had  the  humanity  and  cou- 
rage first  to  strike  the  fetters  from  the 
raging  maniac,  England  has  no  less  right 
to  be  proud  of  him  who  bad  the  wisdom 
and  prescience  to  propound  the  maxim— 
*•  and  out  of  love  be  taught  it** — that 
moral  restraint,  gentleness,  with  firmneas, 
were  not  only  quite  compatible  with  the 
safety,  but  were  indeed  the  true  principles 
on  which  the  treatment  of  the  insane  should 
be  conducted  ;  and  henceforth  the  names 
of  "  Pinel  *'  and  **  Charlesworth  "  will  go 
down  to  posterity  together* 

In  social  life  Dr.  Charlesworth  was  most 
hospitable  and  courteons ;  his  varied  know- 
ledge of  men  and  things,  his  agreeable 
manners,  and  his  animated  nod  instructive' 
conversation,  made  htm  a  fascinating  com- 
pRnioD .    H  is  professional  brethren  and  the 


W.  Noitidge,  Esq.^W,  R.  H.  Brown,  Esq. 


550 


public  have  to  deplore  his  loss  as  a  man  of 
high  mark,  for  he  possessed  in  the  first 
degree  those  eminent  qualities  which  con- 
stitute the  true  philanthropist,  the  talented 
physician,  and  the  perfect  gentleman. 

His  extreme  punctuality,  energy,  and 
decision  of  character  enabled  him  to  find 
hours  when  others  would  not  have  found 
minutes.  The  Lincoln  Stock  Library  owed 
its  foundation  to  his  energetic  exertions, 
and  he  was  elected  the  first  President  of 
that  excellent  institution.  The  Lincoln 
Mechanics*  Institution  also  had  his  warm 
support  and  assistance,  and  he  for  some 
time  acted  as  its  president ;  and  the  Lin- 
coln National  Schools  found  him  a  most 
useful  friend. 

On  the  subject  of  public  health  he  pub- 
lished a  pamphlet  entitled  **  Health  and 
Cleanliness,''  and  almost  every  suggestion 
in  it  has  since  been  carried  into  effect. 

He  married  Susan,  only  daughter  of  Dr. 
Richard  Rockcliffe,  of  Horncastle. 


[May, 


William  Nottidoe,  Esq. 

March  17.  At  Wandsworth,  Surrey, 
in  his  86th  year,  William  Nottidge,  esq. 

Few  persons  in  o  private  station  have 
contributed  more  to  the  public  good  than 
this  benevolent  man.  Fifty- six  years  ago 
(in  1797)  he  became  a  governor  of  the 
asylum  for  the  support  and  education  of 
the  Indigent  Deaf  and  Dumb  Children, 
and  for  the  last  thirty-eight  years  he  was 
its  respected  treasurer.  That  in  this  in- 
terval it  rose  from  very  small  beginnings 
to  be  a  great  and  prosperous  institution, 
was  mainly  due  to  his  judicious  councils 
and  prudent  guidance.  The  Free  Gram- 
mar School  at  Bermondsey,  known  as 
Bacon's  Free  School,  of  which  he  was 
treasurer  for  nearly  the  same  time,  and 
which  he  found  in  a  dilapidated  state,  be- 
came imder  his  management  an  efficient 
middle  school  well  adapted  to  the  district, 
and  greatly  sought  by  the  inhabitants. 

In  the  parish  of  Bermondsey  he  filled 
the  offices  of  treasurer  of  the  governors 
and  directors  of  the  poor,  and  chairman 
of  the  board  of  guardians,  and  he  was  for 
many  years  the  treasurer  of  the  Surrey 
and  Kent  commissioners  of  sewers.  He 
was  in  the  commission  of  the  peace  for 
Surrey  for  more  than  forty  years,  and 
during  a  large  part  of  that  time  chairman 
of  the  Wandsworth  petty  sessions. 

The  Conservative  party  in  the  county 
reposed,  to  a  remarkable  extent,  their  con- 
fidence in  him,  and  he  was  for  many  years 
the  president  of  the  East  Surrey  Conser- 
vative Society. 

Mr.  Nottidge  was,  in  truth,  a  man  of 
unimpeachable  probitv  of  character,  and 
of  rare  and  singular  discretion  in  the  ma- 
nagement of  public  aflairs.      In  priyate 


life  he  was  exceedingly  bdored.  A  hum- 
ble and  devout  Christian,  and  a  faithftil 
son  of  the  Church— Christianity  was  not 
with  him  a  sentiment,  or  a  profettion  only, 
but  a  life. 

His  body  was  buried  at  fiermondsey,  on 
Wednesday  the  23rd,  with  such  marks  of 
respect  as  befitted  his  memory.  One  hun- 
dred indigent  deaf  and  dumb  children  fol- 
lowed him  to  the  grave,  and  fifty  bors  of 
the  Bermondsey  Free  Grammar  School, 
— the  mournful  procession  being  kd  by 
the  parish  authorities,  and  deputations 
from  the  various  societies  with  which  he 
was  connected. 

No  small  part  of  the  population  of 
Wandsworth  and  Bermonds^  associate 
this  venerated  man  with  thehr  earliest  re- 
collections, and  his  death  is  uniTenrsaUy 
lamented. 

W.  R.  H.  Bnowir,  Esq. 

Feb,  15.  At  his  residence  in  Doughty- 
street,  aged  86,  William  Robert  Henry 
Brown,  esq. 

This  gentleman,  daring  a  long  life,  de- 
voted a  mind  of  considerable  energy  to 
Tarious  objects  of  public  utility.  In  his 
early  days  he  was  connected  wiUi  the  legal 
profession,  but  in  1794  he  became  the  pro- 
jector and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Morn- 
ing Advertiser  daily  paper,  and  of  the  Li  • 
censed  Victuallers*  Schools  at  Kennington, 
supported  partly  by  the  proceeds  of  that 
paper,  and  which  now  forms  a  very  large 
establishment. 

In  the  year  1804  Mr.  Brown  projected 
a  plan  fbr  a  new  public  brewery,  on  the 
joint-stock  principle,  for  which  100,000/. 
was  soon  suoscribed,  and  it  was  so  sncces- 
ful  that  upwards  of  57,000  barrek  were 
brewed  in  the  first  year  of  its  operations. 
This  establishment  was  known  br  the  name 
of  the  Golden  Lane  brewery.  Mr.  Brown 
continued  his  connection  with  it  until  the 
year  1812;  the  concern  was  carried  on  for 
some  years  afterwards,  but  was  finally 
wound  up  in  consequence  of  much  oppo- 
sition from  certain  quarters. 

In  1807  Mr.  Brown  was  elected  one  of 
the  representatives  of  the  ward  of  Cripple- 
gate  in  the  Common  Council  of  tiie  Ci^ 
of  London.  At  this  period,  hafiog  di- 
rected his  attention  to  the  prfncipfos  of 
Life  Insurance,  he  contributed  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  Hope  Life  Insuranoe 
Company,  of  which  he  was  the  first  Chair- 
man. The  successful  operations  of  this 
well-known  oflice  lasted  more  than  40 
years,  when  it  recently  was  incorporated 
with  another  society. 

In  1816,  his  friend  the  late  Alderman 
Wood  being  Lord  Mayor,  Mr.  Brown  was 
elected  by  the  Court  of  AUermAi  to  the 
situation  of  GoTemor  of  Newgate,  where 


1853.3     Madame  F'anny  Wright  J}aruxmont, — C  J^een^t  Esq,      651 


\ 


\ 


he  deroted  hU  active  energies  to  Xhe  dis- 
charge of  Ihat  arduoaa  and  paJafuUy  re- 
Sf^ODJiible  office  \  commuDicating  with  the 
kadiog  pLilanthropista  of  the  day  iipoo  the 
subject  of  prisoD  disci  pi  ine,  and  tlie  refor- 
matioQ  of  criminal  oifeaders.  After  hold- 
ing this  appointment  for  five  year^.  he  re* 
signed  it  in  m^i^,  when  he  r«u:eived  the 
thanks  of  the  Coart  of  AldernoeOt  who 
voted  him  ft  piece  of  plate  of  the  vaLoe  of 
50  guineas,  to  record  the  high  aense  enter* 
tatncd  of  his  good  conduct  and  public  ser- 
vices. In  the  same  year  he  received  the 
appointment  (upon  the  nomination  of  Lord 
Chief  Justice  Dallaa),  of  the  patent  office 
of  Warden  of  the  Fleet  Prison  in  the  city 
of  London,  and  Keeper  of  the  Old  and 
New  KalaceSf  in  the  county  of  Midciksex^ 
—in  modern  parlancef  Westminster  Hall. 
These  offieea  md  been  held  together  for 
many  centariet.  The  Fleet  was  the  ancient 
prison  of  the  Courts  of  Chancery ^  Common 
Pleas,  and  Exchequer;  and  the  wardenship 
wa«  formerly  a  situation  of  considerable 
emolument,  but  of  late  years  much  re- 
duced in  value  in  cousequeoce  of  the  ya- 
rtoufl  alterattons  and  amendments  in  the 
law.  Mr.  Brown  held  this  appointment 
for  twenty  years,,  when  it  was  aboliahed  by 
Act  of  ParljameQtia  lB42r  in  conaequence 
of  the  discontinuance  (tn  a  great  degree) 
of  the  system  of  imprisonment  for  debt, 
thoae  confiaed  in  the  Fleet  being  trans- 
ferred to  the  Queen's  Bench  prison,  which 
has  since  (under  the  denomination  of  the 
Queen's  prison)  heciime  the  prison  of  all 
the  supreme  courts  of  law. 

During  the  last  ten  years  the  subject  of 
this  memoir  closed  in  retirement  an  ex- 
tended imreer  of  public  u£4;fulness  and  pri- 
vate  worth. 


Madamk  Fanny  Wright  Dabusmont. 

Jtm,  M.  At  Ctncinnati,  aged57t  Ma- 
dame Fanny  Wright  Daruamont,  ouce  ce- 
tehmted  as  a  political  agitator. 

Fanny  Wright  waa  born  at  Dundee,  in 
Scotland,  and  was  early  initiated  in  repab- 
lican  principles  by  her  father,  who  was 
well  known  iu  the  literary  circles  of  hi* 
time  as  a  scholar  and  a  politician  of  ex^ 
treme  opinions.  He  was  intimate  with 
Dr.  Adam  Smitli,  Dr.  Cullen,  and  other 
men  of  literary  and  scientific  eminence  of 
bia  day.  In  early  life,  under  the  tuition 
of  his  maternal  uncle*  Professor  Mylne, 
his  daughter  Fanny  had  ubtatned  a  learned 
education,  and  at  the  age  of  18  she  wrote 
a  little  book  called  *'A  Few  Dayi  in 
Athens/'in  which  she  defended  theopinions 
and  character  of  Epicurus.  She  was  soon 
afterwards  left  an  oquhan,  and  was  reared 
aa  a  ward  in  Chancery  by  a  maternal  aont. 
6he  visited  America  in  1B18*  and  remained 
nearly  three  yearii  and  aoon  after  pub- 


lished her  observations  under  the  title  of 
"  Views  on  Society  and  Manners  in  Ame- 
rica." She  afterwards  visited  Paris  on 
the  invitation  of  General  Lafayette.  On 
her  return  to  America  about  18^5,  she 
purchased  about  2000  acres  of  land  at  the 
old  Chickasaw  BkufTa,  now  Memphis,  and 
peopled  it  with  a  number  of  slave  families 
whom  she  had  redeemed.  In  1833  she  ap- 
peared as  a  public  lecturer.  Her  deep 
soprano  voioOt  her  commanding  figure,  and 
marveUoufi  eloquenoet  combined  with  her 
lealous  attacks  on  slaTery  and  all  Ameri- 
can abuses,  soon  made  her  famous  over 
that  vast  continent.  Her  powers  of  orar 
tory  were  extraordinary,  and  thouaaDdi 
flocked  to  hear  her.  She  waa  followed 
and  flattered  by  mojiy  men  in  New  York, 
who  fortned  **  Fanny  Wright  fiocietiea," 
with  notions  of  *•  reform"  resembling 
those  of  the  French  communists.  Elated 
by  her  powerSp  she  visited  all  the  principal 
cities  of  the  Union,  but  aa  she  too  often 
made  the  philosophy  of  her  **  Few  Days  in 
Athens'^  the  groundwork  of  her  discourses} 
»he  aroused  the  hostility  of  the  press  and 
the  clergy,  and  fur  two  years  she  battled 
single-handed,  by  her  pen  and  her  tongue, 
with  her  powerful  foes,  and  kept  the 
country  ringiug  with  her  name.  Mean- 
while she  had  her  redeemed  slaves  educated 
iu  agricultural  pursuits  and  geoeral  know* 
ledge,  and  they  promij!?ed  to  make  a  thriving 
colony,  whtu,  uwfortunately,  the  ill-health 
of  Misif  Wright  forced  her  to  quit  her 
estate,  and  to  leave  the  management  of  it 
in  incompetent  and  wasteful  hands.  The 
establishment  was  consequently  broken 
up,  and  the  slaves  sent  to  Uayti.  She 
then  joined  Robert  Owen  in  his  commun- 
iat  scheme  at  New  Harmony,  editing  the 
Gazette,  and  lecturing  In  its  behalf  at  the 
principal  cities  and  towns  of  the  west  of 
America. 

Either  at  Cincinnati ,  or  on  another  visit 
to  Franoet  Miss  Wright  married  M.  Daroo* 
mont,  a  man  who  professed  her  own  phi- 
losophy :  but  they  soon  separated,  and 
she  returned  to  America  with  their  only 
child,  a  daughter.  Her  husband  purtued 
her  ia  the  law  courts  of  America,  iu  order 
to  posaess  himself  of  her  property,  which 
added  still  further  to  her  notoriety.  This 
circumstance  and  her  ill 'health  seem  lat- 
terly to  have  cooled  her  entlmniasoi  and 
modified  her  opiniona* 


Chablbs  PEEKSt  Ksu. 

Feb,  6.  At  Chislehampton  Lodge,  Ox- 
fordshire, aged  76,  Charlea  Peers,  esq. 
D.C*L«  and  F.S^A.  Recorder  of  Henley- 
upon-Thames,  a  magistrate  and  Deputy 
Lieutenant  of  the  county. 

lie  was  the  only  son  of  Robert  Peera, 
^aq.  of  the  same  plaoe,  by  Mary^  daufbter 


552 


Obituary, —  W.  A*  Niekohon^  Esq. 


[May. 


of  John  Day,  esq.  of  Entli,  Kent.  He 
was  a  member  of  St.  John's  college,  Cam- 
briilge,  where  he  graduated  B.A,  1799, 
M.A,  1801.  In  1HU5,  he  gained  the  Sea- 
tonian  Prize  '*  On  the  Lamentation  of 
Chmt  over  Jenisalem."  lie  was  called  to 
the  bcU'  at  the  Inner  Temple  Nov,  19, 
1802  ;  and  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  D*C,L.  from  the  Universitj  of  Oxford 
on  the  14  th  June  1820,  He  succeeded  to 
hia  pAternal  property  in  1818^  and  Kerved 
as  sheriff  of  Oxfordshire  in  182L 

Endowed  with  a  gifted  mind,  Mr.  Peers 
cultivated  the  purest  taste  and  the  most 
refined  knowledge^  and,  whether  on  politi- 
cal subjects,  or  in  advocating  objects  of 
benevolence,  his  chaste  diction  andivolished 
sentences  disclosed  both  the  scholar  and 
the  gentleman  *  and  the  atteotioti  he  ever 
cotntnanded,  and  the  pleasure  which  his 
speeches  conveyed,  were  heightened  by  (be 
recallcctioD,  that  moral  worth  and  genuine 
Christian  feeling  were  the  basiB  of  his 
character- 

The  subject  of  the  prize  poem  above- 
mentioned  afterwEirdfl  suggested  to  him 
"The  Siege  of  Jerusalem/'  a  poem  which 
he  publisliedin  I81B,  in  on  octavo  volume, 
with  some  verses  on  the  death  of  the  Prin* 
cess  Charlotte. 

In  his  efhciency  as  a  coanty  magistrate, 
his  conscientious  discharge  of  alibis  various 
duties  as  a  man  and  a  Cbristian,  in  big  re- 
gard to  the  poor,  hid  consideration  a«  a 
larwllord,  his  warm  and  generous  friendship, 
hij*  courteons  hospitality,  hisgenuine  kind* 
ness  of  heart,  he  showed  how  real  religious 
principle  gives  the  truest  charm  to  ail  that 
is  refined  in  manners  and  rare  in  attain- 
men  ts,  M  r .  Peers  m  ar ri  e  d  i  n  1 8 26  M ary , 
eldest  daughter  of  the  Rev,  Robert  Lowth, 
and  gmnd-daughter  of  the  Right  Rev.  Dr. 
Lowtli,  Bishop  of  London ;  but  has  left  no 
family.  The  estates  at  Chislehiunpton  and 
Stadhampton  are  ber|ueathed  to  the  Rev. 
John  Peers,  of  Tetsworlli,  a  cousin  of  the 
deceased* 


W,  A.  NicuoLiiON,  Esq. 

Ajtri!  8,  At  Boston,  aged  49,  William 
Adams  Nicholson,  esq.  architect,  of  Lin- 
coln, Fellow  of  the  Royal  Institute  of 
British  Architects. 

Mr.  Nicholson  weib  instrumental  in 
adorning  his  own  and  the  neighbouring 
counties  with  many  of  their  most  important 
buildings,  public  and  private.  He  was 
especially  devoted  to  ecclesiastical  archi- 
tecture, and  leaves  many  proofs  of  his  hVtc- 
cess  in  it,  such  as  the  church  of  G  Ian  ford 
Brigg,  those  of  Wragby  and  Kirmond,  on 
the  estate  of  (.*.  Tumor,  esq.  and  many 
others.  Among  I  he  family  mansions  boilt 
him  are  Worsbrough  Halt,  Yorkshire,  the 
cattle  of  Bayons  Manor  (the  seat  of  tbe 
12 


Right  Hon,  C.  T.  D*Eyncoiirt),  Elking^j 
ton  Hnll  near  Louth  (the  residence  of  thmi 
Rev.    W,  Smyth),  &c«      The   u«merou§l 
parsonage  houses  which   he   has  er 
throughout  the  district  are  remarkable  1 
neatness  and  correctness  of  style,  and  simid 
plicity  and  suitableness  of  arraugcmenUl 
His  practical  skill  and  great  experience  iiil 
farm  buildings  were  in  much  rec^ueat  iatl 
the  agricultural    county  in  which  he  w«l^ 
settled.     The  estates  of  General   Reeve, 
Sir  John  Wyldbore  Smith,  Bart.,  C.  Tur- 
nor,  esq.  C.  Chaplin,  esq.,  Btc  will  long 
bear  witness  by  their  ranges  of  builditigt  | 
to   Mr.  Nicholson^a    excellence    in    thiif 
branch  of  his  profession.     As  aa  evident  | 
that  he  was  not  less  dtstingnished  in  school  J 
and  cottage  architecture  we  may  menliott  | 
the  village  of  Blankney,  which  has  hctm  ] 
almost  rebuilt  under  his  soperintendeoee. 
This  undertaking,  which  was  indeed  a  la- 
bour of  love  to  him,  is  in  its  extent  and 
completeness  a  monument  not  less  of  the 
munificence  and  good  taste  of  the  owner, 
C.  Chaplin,  esq.  than  of  the  cane  ami  skill 
of  the  architect.  i 

The  ancient  city  in  which  be  dwelt  owot 
much  to  Mr.  Nicholson's  taste  and  lote 
of  his  art.  He  was  among  the  first  to  call 
attention  to  the  need  of  improvement  in  J 
street  architecture,  and  the  town  possesses 
numerousedifices  of  his  which  may  be  justly 
termed  models  in  their  several  kinds. 

Mr,  Nicholson's  work  at  the  church  of 
St,  Peter  at  Gowts,  which  he  did  not  live 
to  complete  entirely,  is  deservedly  praised 
OS  a  genuine  and  faithful  restoration  of  that 
beautifiil  Gothic  building.  Several  of  the 
local  institutions^  such  as  the  Lincolnshirn 
Literary  Society,  the  Topographical  and 
Arch8eological  Societies,  lose  in  him  a 
member  to  whose  suggestions  and  contrf- 
butioTis  they  are  largely  indebted.  He  was 
especially  devoted  to  the  topography  of 
his  neighbourhood,  to  which  \xU  Literary 
productions  wore  mostly  confioed,  Hts 
publications  on  the  Stone  Beam  in  Lin- 
coln Cathedral,  Tattershall  Castle,  and 
others  of  a  like  nature,  are  specimens 
of  his  clear  description,  carefal  research, 
and  thorough  acquointaooe  with  his  sub- 
ject. It  is  due  also  to  Mr.  Nichol- 
son's memory  to  st  least  allude  to  thesin- 
gylor  sccuracy  of  his  estimates,  and  his 
value  as  a  medium  between  the  employerand 
employed  ;  in  services  of  this  delicate  and 
diflScult  nature,  hia  integrity,  discernment, 
and  experience  made  his  deciiiona  almost 
always  conclnsive. 

Mr.  Nicholson  was  a  native  of  Sonth- 
well,*  and  early  became  a  pupil  of  tlielato 

^  In  an  interesting  and  now  scarce  pub- 
lication of  the  Utetory  of  South  well,  liy 
Richard  Phillipi  Sbilton  (trhtch  we  b^ 


185,*!.]      Thomas  Pcm;y,  Esq* — Baron  Leopold  von  Buck.  553 


I 


John  B.  PapwoKh,  eiq.  He  bad  beeti 
nettled  in  Linculn  since  1827.  He  was 
twice  marrieilj,  iiad  leaves  no  iasae. 

In  person  he  was  tall  and  of  a  tiobie  de- 
pa  rt  m  ent  ^  i  n  man  ners  aingu  UrI  y  co  urteous 
and  consLderafef  and,  inotie  war  J,  we  may 
truly  «ay  hia  lips  were  withnut  guile,  and 
hi*  life  withoat  oflence.  His  health  (al- 
ways delic:jte)  had  been  for  same  time  im- 
paired by  his  close  application  to  buBiness. 

Oji  the  €?trning  of  his  deaths  though  se- 
riously indisposed,  he  left  borne,  a<^otn- 
pnnied  by  Mrs.  Nicholson,  to  keep  a  pro- 
fessional appoiatmenL  Having  at  Boston, 
retired  early,  io  order  to  be  ready  for  his 
duties  in  the  morning,  he  waiJ  suddenly 
seized  with  synaptoms  of  an  olurmiTig  na- 
turtj  ;  and,  notwithstanding  the  efforts  of 
Dr.  Soaith,  who  was  at  once  called  in,  he 
gradoaUy  sank,  and  about  miduight  quietly 
breathed  hb  laist. 

Nowhere  will  his  1ob«  be  more  sensibly 
felt  than  in  the  parish  where  he  resided, 
that  of  St.  Swithin  ;  his  attrntions  to  the 
pariah  iutere»tj$  (grutuilous,  and  oftentimes 
at  the  sacrifice  of  much  valuable  time) 
«iil  long  be  remeuabemd,  and  we  under* 
%tnnd  tliat  the  parishioners  have  unani- 
mously requested  leave  "  to  testify  their 
respect  for  bis  name  and  character  by 
erecting  a  suitable  tnunuiueiit  to  so  good  a 
man/' 


Thomas  pERav,  Esq. 

March  \^.  In  bis  89th  year,  Thomas 
Perry,  ti c|   o f  W ol verh a m p to n . 

Living  apiirt  from  ibe  scenes  of  the  gay 
and  fushionable  world,  he  quietly  and  ua- 
ostentntiously  pursued  the  even  tenor  of 
his  ovi'D  course  of  life,  not  intermeddling 
with  other  uicu's  atifnird,  but  delighting  ia 
the  maBigemeiit  and  improvement  of  bis 
estates,  and  rejoicing  iu  the  rational  society 
of  a  Bmal!  circle  of  friends  and  relatives, 
to  whom  the  sunvity  of  his  diKposition, 
the  courfcfjy  of  his  miiuners,  and  his  amiable 
and  excellent  feelings ?ind  principlen, greatly 
endeared  hi  en. 

Th  sugh  a  true  lover  of  the  institutions 
of  bis  country,  he  studiously  avoided  po- 
litical  animosities  aod   party  strife,   but 

lieve  Mr.  NichoUon  assisted  in  preparing 
for  the  press),  we  find,  in  proof  of  the  lon- 
gevity which  distinguishes  die  town,  the 
names  of  many  of  his  ancestors  who  lived 
to  that  advanced  a^e  which  it  was  not  or- 
dained by  Providence  that  he  should  at- 
tain :  dffioag  them  are  his  maternal  grand- 
father^  WiUtsm  Adams,  84,  and  that  gen- 
tleman's four  brothers,  Jobn  Adams,  83  ; 
Robert  Adams,  78  ;  Richard  Adams,  73  \ 
and  Francis  Adams,  67.  In  the  same  list 
occurs  the  name  of  his  father*s  grand- 
mother, Charlotte  Nicholson,  aged  84* 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol,  XXXIX. 


never  shruok  from  the  avowal  of  bis 
opinions,  and  from  acting  in  accordance 
with  them  whenever  he  thought  it  was  bis 
duty  fio  to  do. 

He  served  the  office  of  high  sheriff  for 
the  county  of  Hereford  in  the  year  182'), 
and  vvill  long  dwell  in  the  affectionate  re- 
membrance nit  only  of  his  relations  and 
friends  but  of  a  numerous  tenantry^  to- 
wards whom  he  always  proved  himself  aa 
excellent  and  considerate  landlord. 

He  died  a  bachelor,  and  is  succeeded  la 
his  property  by  his  nephew  William  Bcr- 
rick,  of  Beau  Manor  Fark,co.  Leicesq. 


Baron  Leopold  ton  Buch. 

March  4.  At  Berlio,  aged  79*  Baron 
Leopold  von  Buch,  one  of  the  most  emi- 
merat  men  of  science  of  the  age. 

Of  eminent  social  position,  very  an* 
cient  and  distinguished  lincnge,  and  hold- 
ing a  high  office  at  the  Court  of  the  King 
of  Prussia,  he  was  enabled  through  his 
influence  to  render  numerous  services  to 
science  and  scientific  men.  He  expended 
large  sums  Iw  the  same  good  cause,  and 
w»s  in  the  habit  of  printing  and  illustrating 
bis  ori^iual  memoirs  for  private  g'rstui- 
touH  distribution.  This  he  did  from  the 
puresiit  motives,  nnd  with  no  taint  of  osten- 
tation, from  whit  h,  itideed,  be  was  siogu- 
larly  free.  A  remarkable  instance  was 
the  ptiblicutioQ  of  his  large  {i;en logical 
map  of  (lermany  and  the  neighbouring 
regions,  at  great  cost  and  labour,  without 
any  indication  of  the  name  of  the  author. 
He  was  a  great  traveller,  even  to  bis 
latest  vesrs,  and  explored  on  foot  a  con* 
siderable  portion  of  Europe.  As  a  geolo- 
gist he  held  tbe  very  highest  rank,  and, 
beyond  any  other,  waa  universal  in  his 
geological  knowledge  His  appreciatton  of 
tbe  physical  and  natural  history  depart- 
me  cits  of  geology  was  equal,  and  bii 
hibours  in  both  alike  remarkable.  One 
of  bis  most  celebrated  works  is  his  **  Pby* 
steal  Description  of  tbe  Canary  Islands," 
published  in  18^5.  In  this  valuable 
volume,  he  gave  to  the  world  his  views 
respecting  the  volcanic  phenomena  of  all 
parts  of  the  earth.  One  of  his  favoarite 
subjects  was  the  investigation  of  the  phe- 
nomena of  the  metamorphism  of  rocks. 
Not  until  the  latter  half  of  his  life  did  he 
take  up  the  palieontolagical  inquiries  that 
have  conferred  as  brilliant  a  lustre  on  his 
name  as  his  phjsicid  researches  did.  Di- 
recting bis  attention  to  tbe  rehitions  of 
the  forms  of  fossils  to  their  sequence  in 
lime,  he  di*»covered  and  developed  the 
laws  of  the  conformation  of  the  sutures  of 
Ammonites,  and  demonstrated  within  that 
extensive  and  important  genus  the  ciiat- 
cnce  of  a  eerie*  of  typical  groups,  each 
characteristic  of  a  certain  range  of  strata. 
4  B 


* 


Obituary. —  William  BoycaU  Eitq, — M.  Orfila.       [May» 


554 


Following  up  these  viewSt  he  proved  the 
TniLDLfefibitioii  of  simikr  phenomena  by 
the  DUtnerous  forms  of  Bracbiopoda,  His 
memoir  mi  the  Cystidea^  also,  ia  a  model 
of  philosophical  treatrnt-nt*  In  nWt  he 
pablisliud  nearly  a  hundred  works  and 
memoirs,  every  one  of  which  had  Ibe 
merit  of  being  ao  advance  in  knowledge. 
He  *Tote  with  singular  clcarncsa  aiid  con- 
ciseness. In  person  Baron  von  Buch  was 
rather  short  j  his  countenance  beamed 
with  intelliEjence.  and  his  manners  and  ad- 
dress, whil!}t  occasionally  marked  by  slight 
eccentricities,  were  kind  and  enDsidLT&te 
in  the  highest  degree  wherever  he  per- 
ceived merit.  We  believe  that  he  was 
never  married.  He  was  a  member  of 
dmost  every  learned  society  in  the  world. 
— Liierary  Gazette, 


William  Boycot,  E#q. 

Dee,  22.  At  the  Fin.  Kidderminster, 
in  bia  83  rd  ytar,  William  Boy  cot,  efiq. 
alderman  snd  senior  magistrate  of  tliat 
borough. 

He  was  born  near  WeUington,  in  Shrop- 
shire, and  having  pQ»sed  through  his  edu- 
cational coursie  with  the  celebrated  Hus- 
kisson,  settled  at  Kiddenuiuster  in  1795 
as  a  draper  in  High  Street.  He  after- 
wards removed  to  the  pre  raises  now  occu- 
pied by  Mr*  Ransom,  which  he  purchased 
and  rebuilt.  When  the  volunteers  were 
enrolled  during;  the  French  war,  he  jottied 
them,  and  htfld  a  commission  as  Captain. 
A  short  time  ufter,  a  vacancy  having  oc- 
eorred  in  the  Kidderminster  troop  of  the 
Yeomanry  Cavalry  by  the  decease  of  Mr. 
Jeston  Homfray;,  of  Broadwater?,  Mr. 
Boycot  WNE  appointed  without  his  know- 
ledge to  the  office  of  Captain  m  that  body. 
This  post  he  occupied  till  the  Yeomanry 
were  dishanded  ;  he,  however,  held  his 
title  as  Captain  till  his  decease.  Being 
elected  a  tuemhur  of  the  old  corporation, 
he  filled  the  oflSce  of  high  bailiff  three 
times.  He  was  placed  among  the  first  on 
the  commlsBton  of  the  peace  in  1836»  and 
being  the  eldest  of  the  f«w  6l ill  living  was 
eons^equemly  the  sytiior  miigistrate  of  the 
boroy^'h.  lie  retired  from  business  for  a 
short  time,  hut  afLerwards  returned  to  it. 
When  the  Municipal  Act  cam*^  into  opera- 
tion ill  18.'54  lie  was  precluded  from  a  seat 
iti  the  town  council ;  the  house  where  be 
then  lived,  Hill  Grove,  being  just  outside 
the  munici|^ial  boundary.  So  ^rest  was 
the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by  the 
farmers  in  the  neijothhourhood  that  when 
he  aommenced  building  The  Fira^  where 
he  spent  the  remainder  of  bis  days,  they 
gratuitously  drew  all  the  hricka  (from  Bell- 
brougbton)  as  well  as  all  the  other  neces- 
sary materiaJa  for  the  erection  of  his  new 


residence.  About  six  years  ago  he  w; 
put  on  the  burgess  list,  and  was  the  san 
year  elected  into  the  town  council,  and  t 
the  first  meeting  of  that  body  afttrwar 
unanimously  elected  mayor,  to  which  offio«| 
he  was  again  elected  in  the  succeeding  [ 
(1847).  During  the  secoiid  year  of 
mayoralty  a  subscription  was  entered  intvl 
to  have  his  portrait  taken,  which  waa  exe- 
cuted by  Mr.  Lticy,  and  is  uow  hung  up 
in  the  Town-hall,  Upon  tbe  first  vacancy 
he  was  elected  alderman,  which  office  he 
held  at  his  decease. 

Mr.  Boycot  was  a  firm  supporter  of 
''  Church,  Queen,  and  Constitulioo,''  and 
has  taken  part  in  the  sereral  elect iotta  t 
a  staunch  Conservative.  He  has 
successively  the  nominator  of  the  late 
Godson*  e^,  and  aubse(]uently  of  J.  Bealil 
esq.  at  the  last  two  elections.  I'be  politic 
cal  principles  which  he  professed  he  oou- 
siftently  maintained  throughout  his  life. 

His  body  was  interred  in  the   familjp  I 
vault  in  the  graveyard  of  the  old  churciil 
at  Kidderminster.       It  was  attrnded   by  f 
the  Mayor  and  Town  Council,  the  clergy,  J 
and   other   inHuentiid    gentlemen.       '^^i 
mourners  were  his  only  sorviving  »oa  Wtml 
Boycot,  esq.  Walter  and  Joseph  Stoddart|l 
nephews,  and  Wm.  Boycot,  juo.  grandso#  I 
of  the    deceased ;    and   the   pall- boa rer%,| 
William  Groavenor,  esq.  (ex- Mayor),  W, 
B.  Beat,  eiiq.  William   NickolU,  esq.   H. 
Woodward,  e«q.  H    Crane,  esq«  J.  Arnpb^ 
letti  esq.  William  Buy  cot,  esq,  of  Don* 
nington,   and  William  MasefieJd,   eaq, 
Dudley,  the  two  latter  being  nephews  lo  ' 
the  departed, 

M.  OaviLA. 
March  5.    At  Paris,  aged  70,  M.  OrfiUf 

the  eminent  physiciaii. 

He  was  bom  a  Spanish  fttl^^f  *^  ^^^ 
Mahon  in  Minorca,  but  was  tiaturalif«4 
in  France  in  tfic  eurlv  part  of  the  rcigflll 
of   Louis  Philippe.     In   1>^()5   M.   Orfilft| 
went  to  sea   in    a  merchant  vessel,   tn^l 
it  was    intended    by   his   friends  that   hc 
should  enter  tlie  nnvy.  but  he  bad  already 
a  strong  inclination  for  tbe  medical  pro- 
fession, and  suddenly  abandoned  the  seA^  . 
and  went  to  Valencia  to  study  mediciiM,| 
As  a  student  he  greatly  distinguiahed  hin 
self,  and  carried  off  the  first  priae  in  pliyaid 
and  chemistry.    A  favourable  report  ^wvin 
been  made  of  his  studies  bo  the  Junta 
Barcelona,  that  body  resolved  to  send  bin 
to  Paris  to  study  the  natural  sciences,! 
a  sum  of  1,500f,  per  annum  was  voted  1 
him  for  that  purpose.     He  arrived  In  Parii^ 
in  1B07,  aod  hud  hardly  been  there  Imi 
months  when   war   broke    out    betw^eeii 
France  and  Spain.     He  was  thu#  deprived 
of  pecuniary  reso areas  for  continuing  his 
studiea ;  bnt  be  fniionsldy  had  an  uticle 


1853.] 


Obituary. — Mr,  Oliver  Lang. 


555- 


tsUbltHhed  at  Miir»ei11es»  wbo  agreed  to 
provide  liim  with  1 ,500f.  per  annum  until 
fie  ghuulJ  obtaifi  the  di(>loma  of  doctor  in 
t'dlciiie,  M*  OrfiLa  pas«cd  a  britiiant 
txamianttou,  and  obtained  his  diploma, 
Uavmg  DO  loDger  m\j  funds  at  bis  com- 
vandf  be  opi-ned  a  course  of  lectures  in 
cbeinintry,  tvbicb  was  well  attended ^  and 
lurut^bed  bim  witb  the  means  of  living. 
Some  of  the  most  eminent  men  of  tbe  pre. 
lent  day  trere  among  Iiis  pupils  :  among 
may  be  mentioDi'd  M.  Jule^  Coqu«t, 
i»rd,  sen.,  and  M.  Edwards.  Tbe 
tion  of  M.  Odi3a  continued  to  in. 
erease,  and  in  1B16  be  was  appainted  one 
of  tbe  pbvsicbns  of  Louis  XVI 1 1.  lie 
w»8  next  elfcted  a  professor  tif  tbe  faculty 
of  tegal  mcdieirjCf  and  in  1823  be  wai 
cbosen  to  btl  tbe  chair  of  ebetniBtry.  He 
bad  d>lready  been  elected  a  member  of  tbe 
Academy  of  Medicine.  Tbe  revolution  of 
\WM  opened  to  M.  Orfila  a  new  era  of 
distinction.  He  was  £ucce«s)rely  elected 
dean  of  tbe  faculty,  member  of  the  council 
genera]  of  bo«pitiils,  and  member  of  tlie 
council  general  of  tbe  depnrtment.  After 
be  had  received  h,\&  letters  of  uaturali»atioa 
he  WMS  uppuiofeed  a  member  of  the  council 
of  public  instruction,  and  wat  luocesairely 
named  chevalier  <ftnd  officer  and  com tuander 
of  I  be  Legion  of  Honour. 

Tbe  Ecientific  reputatiou  of  M.  Orfila 
mny  be  said  to  bare  commenced  with  bis 
Treatise  an  Poisons,  or  General  Toii co- 
logy.  Tbe  next  works  publi»bed  by  bim^ 
which  acquired  European  reputation,  were 
the  Elements  of  Legal  Medicine  and  Les< 
iFons  on  Legal  Medicine,  which  weot 
through  several  editions  ;  but  be  was  also 
tbe  autbor  of  many  other  works  of  almost 
equal  celebrity. 

In  tbe  celebrated  LafFarge  caae  M.  Ras- 
pail,  wbo  was  oppoeed  to  bim.diipiited  wiih 
great  energy  most  of  his  stutemeuta,  but 
witbout  cBci^t ;  and  subsequently  the  opi- 
nion expressed  by  M.  Ortila,  to  opposition 
to  that  of  M.  Raspailf  as  to  the  absorption 
of  poisons  by  the  human  body  after  inter- 
men  t^  by  contact  with  tbe  earth,  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  reveal  tbe  presence  of  a  quan- 
tity  which  would  le^d  to  asuppositiou  tbat 
it  bad  been  administered  during  life,  las 
been  coottrroed  by  most  of  tbe  eminent 
men  who  have  been  examined  on  such 
questions  before  courts  of  assize. 

During  th€  wbole  of  ihe  reign  of  Louis 
Philippe  M.  Orfila  remained  at  the  bead 
of  tbe  faculty  of  medicine,  but  after  the 
revolution  of  February  the  Provisional 
Government  revoked  bis  functions.  M. 
Orfila  sufFered  pbysically  for  some  Lime 
before  bis  death*  and  had  beeo  loog  a  se- 
vere mental  sufferer  from  tbe  aflltction 
caused  by  the  illness  of  hit  son,  who  had 
become  epileptic  aad^affected  in  mind,  that 


it  was  found  necessary  to  place  him  to  a 
maison  dc  saDt^, 

M.  Orliia  was  an  accomplished  musician, 
and  highly  celebrated  for  his  exquisite 
singing.  His  body  was  interred  in  the 
cemetery  of  Mont  Purnassei  attended  by 
a  numerous  concourse  of  men  of  science. 
ITjie  cords  of  the  pull  were  held  by  MM. 
Paul  Dubois,  Berard,  Dubois  d'Amieas» 
and  de  Buisiy. 


Mr.  OLivEn  Lang. 

April  12.  At  Woolwich,  aged  75, 
Oliver  Lang,  esq.  Master  Shipwright  at 
Woulwich  Dockyard. 

The  deceased  served  his  apprenticcsbip 
at  Devofjport  Dockyard,  and  wben  he  had 
cumpleted  his  time  W4S  placed  over  tbe 
workmen  emplrtyed  in  constructing  tbe 
ttlegraphs  used  during  the  war  along  the 
oonsts  of  tills  country.  He  was  subse- 
quently overseer  of  the  shipwrights  em- 
ployed in  building  a  74-gui]  ship  ;  and  oo 
bis  return  to  Devonport  Dockyard  was 
appointed  quartcrman  in  charge  of  a  oom<- 
psny  of  shipwrights,  and  was  shortly  after 
removed  to  Deptford  as  foreman  of  the 
shipwrights  at  tliat  yard.  From  Deptford 
be  returned  to  Duvonport  on  being  up- 
]>ointed  asisiiitant  to  the  Master  Shipwright 
there.  Prom  Devonport  he  was  removed 
to  Somerset- house,  where  he  officiated  as 
Asfisttint  Surveyor  to  tbe  Navy  Board. 

la  1823  he  was  promoted  to  be  Master 
Shipwright,  and  appointed  to  Sheeruesa 
Dockyard,  where  be  remained  three  years, 
until  removed,  on  the  22d  of  July,  1826. 
to  Woidwicb,  where  he  served  as  Master 
Shipwright  for  twenty-five  years,  and  bis 
loss  will  be  severely  felt  by  tbe  poor,  lo 
whom  he  was  a  great  although  oaosteota^ 
tious  friend,  lie  was  a  great  favourite 
with  George  IV.  and  so  pleased  that  Mo- 
narch when  superititeudiog  some  works  at 
Virginia  Water  that  bii  Majesty  oifered  to 
knight  him,  but  Mr.  Lan^  respectfally 
declined  the  honour.  He  was  also  a  great 
favourite  of  William  IV.,  and  received 
numerous  pre»eot«  from  the  Emperor  of 
Rus'^ia,  the  King  of  Prussia,  and  the  King 
of  Denmark. 

Mr.  Lang  introduced  a  great  tiiimber  of 
improvements  into  tbe  cotistrucuou  of 
ships  and  steamers,  and  tbe  sfrengHi  of 
ves^U  of  his  construction  b  evidrnt  to  all 
who  have  inspected  the  Royal  Albert,  131, 
screw  steam^ahip,  and  the  Terrible  istcamt 
frigate,  both  at  present  at  Woolwich,  the 
former  nearly  ready  for  launching.  Mr. 
Lang  was  the  first  to  desi^»  a  steam-vessel 
fgr  tbe  Royul  Navy,  and  the  Comet  pad' 
dlewheel  i^team-veissel,  of  80 -horse  power* 
bmlt  under  bis  superintendence  at  Dept- 
ford, is  stilJ  in  tlie  service,  and  employed 


V 


Obitltary. — Miss  Hardwick — Mt\  Edwin  Seguin,      [May, 


I  the  west  const  of  Scotland  Id  protect* 
ing  the  fishcriea. 

Although  of  B  good  old  age,  Mr.  Lang 
was  bale  and  henrty,  and  has  carried  on 
Kis  responsible  duties  up  to  the  latest  pe- 
riod with  a  vigour  that  was  truly  astonish- 
inf  ♦  and  unsurpasee^l  by  any  junior.  His 
sudden  death  has  antkipated  a  retirement 
which  lie  c<jntem plated  a  few  months  $^ince. 
Mrs.  Lnog  observed  at  about  V2  o*elock 
at  night  that  ht-r  husband  breathed  heavily, 
nnd  tent  for  Dr,  Browning,  surgeon  of  the 
ytrd,  but  before  he  arrived  Mr.  Lang  had 
almost  ceased  to  exist,  and  died  tn  a  few 
roinutea  afterwards. 


MiBS  Hakdwick. 
This  lady's  father  was  in  eorly  life  astir* 
gfon  in  the  mereautile  navy,  and  for  aome 
years  before  his  decease  carried  on  buAi- 
oess  in  Bi^hopAgate-atreet  as  *  wholesale 
chemist,  Mii!f  Hardwick,  his  only  daugli- 
ter  at  his  death,  lived  an  eccentric  life  in 
Chesterfield,  where  her  property  was  per- 
mitted to  accumulate,  as  she  did  not  eipcnd 
upon  her  efitabh'sbtneat  a  hundred  a-year. 
She  died  about  a  year  i\%u^  leaving  the  bulk 
of  her  property  to  the  Lord  Mayor  of 
London,  and  the  Chftraherlrtio  for  the  time 
being,  to  act  with  her  executor,  Joseph 
Shrpton,  esq,  solicitor  at  thestrrfield^  hs 
trustees,  to  distribute  it  amongst  sucU  of 
the  charities  of  the  city  of  London  as  they 
might  ill  their  discretion  select.  The  ex- 
ecutor plnred  at  the  tii:!ipo."al  of  th«*  trui^tees 
the  sum  of  J 8,000/.  and  the  trustees  had 
been  occupied  several  da)'s  in  mukbg  the 
requisite  tuvestigritions  previously  to  the 
execution  of  their  award,  when  a  letter  ad- 
dressed to  the  dece^ised  lady  v^afi  received 
by  the  executor,  to  the  effect  that  if  she 
would  send  a  guinea  to  the  writer  of  the 
letter  she  ^*  should  heiir  of  something  to 
her  advantage."  t)pnn  application  to  the 
writer  of  the  letter^  be  gave  information 
which  led  to  the  discovery  that  a  aum  of 
S.9&0/.  Four  per  Cent.  Stock  in  Mtsa  Hard- 
wick's  name,  with  t?7  yeora"  dividends,  had 
been  transferred  to  the  Commissioners  for 
the  Redemption  of  the  National  Debt, 
This  further  amount  (about  4O00/.)  as  soon 
aa  the  usual  facilities  can  he  complied  with, 
will  be  tninsferrcd  to  the  trustees.  It  was 
one  of  the  pt^culiaritiea  of  the  case,  that  if 
either  of  the  three  tnistees  had  died  before 
the  execution  of  the  award,  or  if  they  had 
disagreed  in  the  mode  of  di^ttributing  the 
money,  the  whole  amount  would,  in  the 
opinion  of  tlie  lawyers,  have  lapsed  to  the 
next  of  kin,  oi,  the  power  to  select  the 
chttriiiea  and  to  apportion  the  money  baring 
been  vested  in  the  discretion  of  iLe  three 
trnatf  e»,  it  was  necessary  that  it  should  be 
the  discretion  of  the  three  conjointly*  The 
folio  wing  is  the  dittnbtitioa  agreed  upon. 


Educational Ch6rUi9M.—'S\^T\Xit  Society,  ,, 
350/.  ;  Christ's  Hospital,  1^00/.  \  City  of  ^ 
London  National  School  hbOl. ;   City   of  1 
London  and  Field- lane  Rajrged   Srbools, 
each  S2(W.  %  various   Church  and  Chapel 
Schools,    from   2'*>0/.  to   110/    each;    and 
from  110/.  to  330/.  to  each  of  the  Ward 
Schools  of  the  City. 

Medical  CAffri/i>#.— Hospital  for  Dis^^i 
cases  of  the  Cheat,  550/. ;  St    Bartbolo*  ' 
mew's  Hospital,  1,100/.;  ditto  Samaritaa 
Fund,   300/. ;  ditto  ditto  Maternity  Cha* 
ritVt    2'iO/.  ;     Roval    Maternity    Charity,  ^ 
330/.;  City  Truss  Siciety,  330/.;  Royal  Ge 
neral  Dispensary,  330/.;  Western  City  Dts*| 
pen&ary,  220/.  j  City   Di«tpensory,  Queen 
street,  330/.  ;   Hospital  for  Diseases  of  th*l 
Skin,  550/.  I  Farringdon  General  Dts(>e(i«| 
sary,  330/. ;  Metropolitan  Free  Hospit*!,.} 
550/.  ;     Metropolitan    Di^ptnsarv^   330/. | 
London  Opthalmtc  Hospital,  550/.  ;  Sea' 
men's   Hospital  Society,  550/, ;  Relief  ol 
City  Kitchen,  220/. ;  Sherilf  Fund,  220/. 


Mr.  Edward  Ssomic. 
Lauiy,     At  New  York,  Mr.  Edward 

Seguin. 

This  gentleman  was  one  of  the  rarliri 
pnpiJs  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Masifti 
ill  H n no ver- square,  London,  where  he  dis 
tingnished  himself  very  considerably.     Ha 
made  his  detut  at  Her  Majesty  s  Tiicatrttl 
in  Citnaroaa's  opera  of  **  II  Mnirtnumiial 
Segreto,"  in  which,  even  by    f  fl 

Labiaebe,  bis  voice  and  style  < 
him  not  only  a  highly  fliitterin;^  .  .  i 
but  also  lad  to  a  call  at  the  elosc  of  the 
opera.  Sohseqoently  his  services  wrre 
retained  by  Mr.  Bunn  for  Drury-Iafia 
where  be  again  distinguished  hittiiuelf  it 
"La  Sonnambula,"  "  f: 
many  other  operas,  in  \m  d  la 

conjunction  with  M  «*"»'"  M  "^ 

Buno's  operatic  e»]>  1 

did  not  receive  muci I  «, 

as  favourable  ovi-rturL-«  were  uui4i:  tu  Mr* 
Seguin  for  hitn6«lf  and  his  wife  (formerly 
Miss  Clttildt',  a  pupil  of  the  Royal  Aradcmf 
of  Mu«iic)  from  Amcriea,  they  lelt  ab<»i 
fourteen  years  nitice.     Tbesacce»a  of  Mr 
and  Mrs.  Segnin  during  their  sojuuni  i 
America  was   highly  satisfactory,  and   h 
widow,  wiih  four  children,  is  left  in  very 
comfortable  circumstaQcea. 


Da.  D.  J.  Van  Ltswif. 

Feb.  JO.     At  Amsterdam,  otn^l  7i. 
David  Jacob  Van  Lenuep,  C**) 
the  Lion  of  the  Netherland»,  I 
History    and    Ancteut    Uterataic   m 
Atbenicum  of  Amsterdam. 

Vau  Lenoep   was  born  in    1774,  c»f 
patrician    family,    lung   distinguiahed 
classical  attainments.     He  studied  und 
Rhuoken  and  Wytt^baob,  aad  tn  1799* 


1850.] 


Clergff  Deceased. 


557 


nt  the  early  afe  of  25,  Bacceet!ed  the  latter 
as  pro  feasor  at  Amsterdam.  Here  he  oc- 
cupied the  chair  of  History  an  J  Ancient 
Litenitiire  till  ]H4y.  Perhaps  no  professor 
in  HoiLani]  fould  e^tr  boast  so  Inrete  & 
number  of  distinguished  pupils,  who,  in 
a  great  dcjrree^  jire  indebted  tt>  him  for 
their  mental  deTelopoieut,  We  may  men- 
tion HamBker  (late  profeasor  of  Oriental 
Languages  at  Leyden,)  and  ReuveoB, 
Thorbecke  (now  miuisier  of  Hume  Affairs, 
formerly  profes»nr  at  Leyden.)  anil  Geel, 
Bosseha  and  Da  Costa  (a  cotirerted  Jew, 
a  ditstLnguiBbed  poet  and  Ideological  writer), 
Vati  Hall  and  Koopmaii,  Van  Capelle  and 
UHenbroik,  Koenen,  andTer  Haar,  Rood* 
baan  (the  general  of  the  Jcsuils),  and 
Merle  d'Aubign^  (llie  historian  of  the 
Reformation)* 

The  loti^  list  of  ht«  works  opens  with  a 
Yobmo  nf  Latin  poems,  published  at  the 
■ge  of  Itij  and  tlosei  with  the  last  volume 
of  hU  Hrsbd  (for  a  review  of  the  first 
%o!ume  see  the  Classical  Museum,  %'ol.  iii, 
p..  Ill),  «:hti'h  he  lived  to  finish,  but  not 
to  see  completely  through  the  pre?"8. 
Between  these  appenred  varitms  works  on 
historic  and  nntiquurian  Uirr;  Cantus 
Cyeni,  or  dying  strains  of  Latin  poesy  j  a 
volnme  of  Datch  poems  coltecied  at  the 
request  of  the  Queen,  &c.  ^c.  All  be 
wroie  is  character is<>d  by  the  natural  fluw 
of  thought  ntid  noble  simplicity  of  exprea- 
siun  nhich  he  aduiirc d  oud  taught  others 
to  admire  in  the  masterpieces  of  Greek 
and  Rornau  antiquity.  lloUand  has  lost 
Iti  bicD  &  genial  port ;  an  accomplished 
jcholajr  \  thk  last,  perhaps,  of  her  Latin 
poets ;  llie  trdeal  defender  of  clasaical 
itadicB,  u  a  necessary  foundation  of  all 
snpe  tor  education;  a  man  with  a  genuine 
Dtitch  henrt,  united  with  a  mind  nourished 
by  the  tvoblet^t  fruiEs  of  cUi^sic  afitic|aityt 
long  will  he  be  remembered  as  an  amiable 
friend,  a  useful  citizen,  and  a  pioua  Chris- 
tian* 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

14.     At  St.  Jnhn*s  college,  Auckland,  New 

'    "^  The   iifi"^ ,  Arihur  OitirrU  Ctytton, 

c.  C*inibrid«(' ;  mvdmcI  n.m  of 
iiel  CoUon,  Uectorof  Thamlrf, 

lJ,,l.,i.      l.tM.-T. 

.  %.  At  itutitirt  Tou'Ti,  Vrtn  Dieuitaa^s  Land, 
i  7a,  til e  Kev-.  WtilMm  B^ifimt,  D,D,  the  Se» 
r  OliApUln,  broiher  W  Jovtiitu  T.  BcMiford,  (wj. 
[  Doputy  of  Uie  w»rd  of  Farrl»i;Uon  Witbuut, 
,  JLoadoa. 

Ihec.  ft.    Near  ihc  rip*iii-""     -f    ins  brother, 
Edward  Wood,  «*q.  J. I'-  >  ,  near  Mel- 

)>oume,  New  Stmlb  Wi»Ji  !  illy  Iklliof 

from  a  gii^,  the  Her.  Dan..  .  .  .,  ^.^.X.  formerly 
(  Curate  of  St,  Petcr'jt,  Vere-«truct,  Lundon,  He 
k  lisd  been  trawltini?  fi>r  the  lo^t  four  yearn,  bod 
r  preaehfid  to  ae^rly  every  city  ^n  Europe,  an  well 
f  BB  E^ypt.  Syria*  lu:.  wbero  there  was  an  English 
I  COQigreigaitioD,  and  at  tlio  tlni«  of  hi*  death  «-a« 
Ismporary  Hector  of  St*  Peter*«,  Udboume.  hav- 
ing iMea  appointed  by  th«  liiahop  to  pcribrm  thr 


duty  of  the  \vj\.  Archdeacon  tJariea.  Hb  body 
Wilis  followed  to  the  grave  by  the  Lieut.  Gov.  of 
the  colony,  the  Bishop  and  Clergy  of  Malboume 
and  it^  vicinity,  and  many  of  the  congregation  to 
whom  he  had  preajched  the  previooa  Sunday. 

Jon,  1).  At  Leamington,  aged  85,  the  Rev. 
Chartei  Tumor,  late  Vicar  of  VVendover,  Buoki. 
F.^^.A,  He  was  the  fourth  and  younpust  */tn  of  Ed- 
mtmA  Tumor,  esfj.  of  Stoku  HochfLird  and  Fantoa 
Moose,  CO.  Lincoln,  by  Mary,dAu.  ofdithn  lJl*ney, 
esq,  of  Lincoln  ;  and  youn^^^r  brothiT  to  Edmtuid 
Tumor,  e^q.  F.R.S*  and  F.S.A-,  and  MP.  for  >Ud- 
har.st,  the  historian  of  Stoke  Rochford.  He  waa 
of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  B.A,  1791,  MA. 
179i,  and  waa  Instltated  to  Wondovcr  in  ISII. 
Me  hiiA  made  a  hequcat  to  the  Hoyol  SctcJcty,  which 
ia  nodcod  in  our  *'  Note*  of  t lie  Month.'* 

Fet>.  A,  At  Alwalton,  KuntingdonHhire,  in  bla 
65 Ih  year,  the  hcv.  Jtjhn  Ji/ipkititon ,  Rector  of  Al- 
walton  ttodof  Etton  rimr  recerliorough,  and  an  act- 
ing maglKtrAtu  fur  the  Uherty  of  Petcrborongh.  He 
waft  the  younger  mn  of  the  Uev,  Sannucl  Edmund 
Hnpkinfton,  B  r>.  Vicar  of  Morton  with  Hacconhy 
(of  whom  u  memoir  is>  given  in  the  Gentleman'!!  Ma- 
giwine  for  Nov.  l»41,  and  nn  I'nif raving  tii  Ms  mu- 
nuinent  in  that  for  March  1842),  and  only  brother 
of  WiiHatn  Ilopkinson,  esq.  of  titamford.  Hp  wtk* 
a  member  of  Cbre  ball,  Cmnhridife,  an»i  grdtd anted 
B.A,  1S18,M,A.  1»'2L  He  was  pn'^piled  to  the 
rectory  uf  Ettim  on  the  resignation  of  his  father 
in  laiti,  t»y  tlie  iale  Earl  Fit/w  lillam,  te  wttom  he 
wii*  Domestic  Chaplain  (and  whusiO  funeral  «er- 
tnou  hit  |ireuch(!d  at  Marliolm,  and  it  wax  printe^l 
l^:i:i),  and  to  AlwaJton  in 


at  PeterlMirouirti 

IfV312  hy  thd  [ 
which  catli< 

left  a  WJU  ttTr 

Feb.'X    A. 
1t»n,  iigcd  83.  ?l 
that  parlali      11. 
Cliriiti  colleife, 


liter  of  Peterborough,  of 
lie  Precentor.    Ue  hai 


17tt2. 


B.D.  ISOO;  and  was  pre-^pnted  to  hh  living  in 
HUT.    He  was  formerly  of  Clanville  near  Anduver. 

Ftti.  13.  At  Kilniuinhan)  Wotxl,  Aleiith,  the  llev. 
Thifma4  Fortier,  for  forty-eight  year*  incumbent 
of  that  ])ari»li. 

F^b.  15.  Aged  31,  the  Rev.  Rkhani  Jkniet^ 
Vicar  of  Lhintlwny,  co,  tXrmnrthen. 

Ftt,  16,  At  NcWi'aatle-umler-Lyme,  aged  77, 
the  Rev.  Ctrment  Ltigh,  Rector  of  that  parlab 
(IStS).  He  was  of  Christ's  college,  CambridgO^ 
B.A.  17D7,M.A.  1800, 

Fib,  17,  At  Vienna,  the  Rev.  John  Gregory 
I/avJtifu,  late  Curate  of  I.«vington.  Suffolk.  He 
WUA  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rev,  John  HawkUiN, 
Viear  of  Rainahnry,  WUtt  {  and  was  of  Pttmhroke 
oolltJiBe,  Oxford,  B.A.  1^40. 

m.  18.  At  Mount  Pottinger,  Bel^t,  the  Rev. 
Omrffe  BmnHti  eldest  »on  of  George  fietmett, 
eau^ac. 

hb.  20.  At  Vittoria,  Hallow,  the  Eer.  aadteiBe 
Robert  ifamilion.  Rector  of  Mallow. 

Feb.'il.  At  Leea«.  acred  G9.  t}ie  Rev.  Jtohert 
FouHtaine  Etwin,  Rector  of  Wilby  with  Hnrirhain, 
Norfolk.  Mr.  Elwtn  wu  of  Ca-  "  f'uoi- 
bridge,  BA.  1805,  and  was  pt«»  Ang 

in    18 1  (J-     He    married    Timui  Ider 

daughter  of  Thomas  Blake«  ew^  >ii  .^i...l,<.u.  ^jor* 
folk.  Mr.  Elwtn  was  wtdl  known  to  uioh  of  tlie 
clUrens  of  Norwich^  |Mrticiihirty  the  inu»jcal  ^lor- 
tttin,  for  the  very  active  an''  •"*— '  Tiftjt  he  took 
in  the  "  Muaicol  Festival'  '  umnience^ 

nil  cot :  but  he  had  retins:!  w  years  to 

L«edB,  to  tiniah  his  days  h^x,  .^,  ..,.,.,  ^id  beloved 
daughter,  the  wife  of  George  Hyde,  eaq,  of  thai 
place.  Mr.  lillwln  sot  only  poMe^ed  a  Ane  mn* 
Nleal  taste,  hut  was  aim  neatly  skifled  in  Dte- 
chanics,  and  wai  an  eiuceUent  connoiaseur  of  tba 
line  arts ;  and  whetlitir  In  the  com]tony  of  tliB 
irr,  It  <.,  iir#.^idlnt{  at  the  Choral  Soi idyll  raeel- 
uring  to  mecluuUr^,  it  wn«^  always  4e- 
instructive  lo  li»ttn  to  him, 

...  .^^  Ijjmney,  ngvi  7*,  the  Itov.  John  Nmteg. 
LKi>,  i;«ctor  of  Old  Romney  ( 1«S0)  and  Hope  Ail 


m 


CUt*gy  Deceased* 


[May, 


i  i  183T>,  He  via  of  Worcester  oolktfe,  0&* 
*  jbrd,  B,A.  17<J8,  M.A.  lAOl,  6.  and  DJ>.  18tS. 

J^^fr.  n.  Aj^  73»  the  Kev.  Eamtmd  Squirt, 
Sector  of  Aitien«  Eaaex  (1834).  He  waa  of  CbrUt's 
colleute,  Cambridge*  M.k.  1«K>4. 

/liA.  ftS.  At  CLan,  co.  Kilkenny,  the  Rer,  ^Si«{> 
to«i  Orrwofi,  Vicar  of  that  place. 

Feb.  aft.  At  Intfutentone,  Ksflex^  aged  »<>,  the 
Rev.  John  LntU,  Rector  of  Intmtfhtonc^  with  t!ie 
perpetual  curacy  of  Butt&bury  (I79tj),  and  Rector 
€f  Rlveii)ial]<1M4). 

FA.  36.  At  Railttock,  Somerwtaliire.  aged  74. 
fine  Ber.  McktB^d  BoodU^  lloctor  of  that  parl.^h.  He 
vaaof  JeiOiooUcKe,  Cambridge,  B.A,  ISOO,  M.A. 
IMS. 

Ftb,  97'  At  aea^  aeed  40^  the  Rev.  DaniA  Qs- 
torn,  of  9t«  Qeoir]ge*s«  JajoAice.. 

J%A.  38 .  At  KnareadAle,  NortbiimTMBrlaiid,  aacd, 
TS,  fhe  Rev.  Thama*  Btt*$^ir,  Rector  of  that 
fMuiih  (lBli4>,  and  for  roanj  yeftra  aeniiir  inaglA- 
trato  of  tlie  Uexhatn  dlvMoti  of  the  coun^.  Hft 
waa  fkther  of  the  Rev.  Thomoa  J,  Bewflber,  of 
Great  UolUuid. 

At  Cheltenham ,  the  Rer.  Sffvart  Sf^r  Trmch^ 
LL.D.  Chancrllar  of  Christ  churcli^  DalOlfn,  and 
Eeetor  of  tjllbertiitowTi^,  co,  CjiHow. 

March  1.  In  111*  Eiuth  year,  the  Roy.  Joseph 
J^trriJl,  Ucctor  of  Brf)UK]it<ni  Suliiey,  Notts- 

MarcJt  5.  At  Ihillycarthy,  near  Tralee,  the  Rer, 
Eduarti  AWA^  Hector  of  Ba11yMedy,CA.  Kerry. 

At  Thcrfleld.  Herts,  a^red  7»»  the  Re\\  tktniH 
TlK4mimg,  Rector  of  TlierflBld,  nerln,  (!H3'i),  atid 
Stilton  (J806),  Hunt*.  He  vra-^  formerly  Kellow  of 
Fmnhroke  colIeK^i  Ctitnbrldgc,  where  he  tn^dtt- 
■ted  B.A.  IBOO,  MA.  1803, 

Marth  7.  At  Bmkhdrtt,  Sannln;  HUl,  Rj^ed 
67,  the  Rev.  titorgf  Hunt. 

March  8.  At  Canon  I*yon,  Herefordshire,  on  his 

tand  bSrthdtty,  the  Rev,  i'hrMtttfthtr  Jamt$^  \\o)6^ 

of  that  parinh,  and    lY'rp.  Curate  of  Womiiiley, 

'  Herefordshire    (lal»),  and    Custom   of   Hereford 

^  ««aiodnJ(l«OG).  He  wM  of  Chrlflt  church,  Oxford, 

^  B.A.  I80&. MA.  ISOS. 

Marrh  9.  At  Bray,  near  Dublin,  agred  33,  the 
Key.  Thitma»  Ruufti  Cradoci,  MA.  Incumbent  of 
the  pariah  of  St*  Nlcboliu  WiUiin.  in  thut  i  jty. 

March  13.  The  Rer.  TkmnoM  Wartftvion  DunHon. 
Of  I>oiibcad  St.  Mary,  Wllta.  He  was  of  li^eter 
CoUege,  Ojcfbrd,  B.A.  tli96. 

At  CRftoD,  aged  69,  the  Rer.  IFIiflli^iin  IlawkiHs. 
X.A.  Inlttof  DbiV> 

At  Aspley,  Bedi.  aged  61,  the  Rer.  BotHer  Cher* 
iioc^<  SntHh.  He  wna  of  TriaUy  coUi'ge,  Oxford. 
B,A.  1847. 

MitrcH  U.  At  Thetftvrd.  »acd  59,  the  Rrr. 
Thtrmtu  MtthoM,  Rertor  of  Kllrerstone,  Norfolk 
(1896).  Ho  WAS  of  OonrlJIe  and  Cains  coUcget, 
Cambridge,  B. A.  1S1<},H.A.  tH3{). 

At  Worthlni?,  the  Rev,  Thoma*  Wpatt,  M.A. 
Vi4::Ar  iif  Wroxton  and  BaJacot,  OJiford»blf«  ( 1831 ). 
He  vruii  of  Trinity  college,  Oxford,  B.A*  1819, 
M.A.  1821. 

March  15.  Aged  59,  the  Eer.  Jmeph  Fretmmtt 
of  Stroud,  CO.  Gloac  and  late  of  Gharweltmi,  cti. 
Kortliampton.  He  was  of  Trtnlty  collMre.  Oxford , 
B.A. 1816. 

JTarcA  16.  At  Eaat  Rotferd,  Notta.  aged  (^9, 
the  Rev.  Thomat  F.  Btttvtilh,  B.D.  Vlear  of  that 
place,  lo  which  ho  was  prsMOled  in  iS'il  by  Sir  It. 
Button,  Bart. 

MorrfiiH      A* 'iivnr.iiiri   U1"  of  Wight,  a$ed  Tl, 
theVi  I  and  CoainHaEory 

Of   hM  uAfwfck  In  Ihiit 

oo«nt> , .....  ..    ..,„.....„  -  .„.  I.  uebanA.   Be w«» 

the  youngatt  and  hwi4  turvtving  son  of  OolemeJ 
Hfll,  ol  St.  BonUice.  He  waa  etfoeated  at  Win- 
elwaler,  and  at  New  college,  Oxftird*  whefe  li« 
^eeuie  a  F^atleiw.  Be  mdoaied  8.A«  1 805,  M.A. 
1808i.  Tliroiiglhoal  hla lift  hie  parochial  admtnlA- 
tnliecui  were  devoted  lo  thoae  among  whom  ha 
had  been  known  tmm  hi*  childhood,  afid,  when 
Bonchurch  had  become  a  n^ort  of  atrangers  and 
Inralitts,  a  new  church  wim  enwted  under  hU 
MujiteM,    la  18-ift  ho  wta  appointed  to  Die  Arch- 


deaeomry  of  BaekJngtiain,  and  bit  ai^Kitt'tiEiirtit 

WU&  followed  by  itrenamii  and  ■tiroes^! 

repair  the  «acred  edifices  within  his  j 

HU  puhlbhed  charge  evince  an  Intiinni  i 

anoe  with  thu  dntitw  of  hia  office,  and  u  '^ilu'I)'  inl- 

berence  to  the  prlnciplei  of  tbe  He^onneil  Cburcli 

of  England, 

At  ILirmony  Lod^re.  Cork,  tite  Rev.  Ro&mrt 
Burit,  Kect(»r  of  Co*tIe.  dk*c  Cloyoo. 

At  Abberley,  Wore,  agt-d  H7,  the  Rev.  #ir«i»ff 
Linfeti^  fornierly  Kellow  of  ^Vadham  college,  Cki.- 
ford,  B.A.  17B7,M  A.  1793. 

Mdtdt   IP.     Killed  by  being  thrown  frmu  hla 
P.ev.  Wilham  Hemry  JtoaMrtHae^,, 
^s  and  Perp.  Carmte  of  LAlif  • 
K    Hewaa  ttic-cvOTiiI  snn  of  Sr 
W  iUhiui   Ik'jmchttmp  Proctor,   i 
Park,  liy  Anne,  eldeat  dan.  of    \ 
esq.    UewasofChrist'aeoUeice, 
184I«  M.A.   IM4.    Hehoste^  ai^i«Krvi,  \^ii!i   t\y^ 
children. 

The  Rov,  John  Bragg ^  Vicar  of  QosberttMi,  Line, 
Cm46).  He  waa  of  Ciffi>U!i  Ghrlati  coll^go,  Cvm* 
bridge,  B.A.  182r),  M.A.  18^9. 

JforcAao.  At  Itoeewarnft,  Cornwall,  afed  41, 
the  Rev.  Wtttkm  Priot  le»ii.  Curate  of  Llanirta> 
Mint,  Mocmioalliablre. 

Atfcd   73,   the  Kev,    Jamff   Ffn.trt   f^hrM-yphrr 


ii.A  a. 

J/ii.'  .    Vn-brirvlN  Rosworih,  Letc,  agea 

45,  the  i:._'v  /(    II     -               :-'   /,/,  M.A. 

Marrh  HZ,     A I  f^od^e,    Keawiick, 

a)fe*1  f-'i.  fhf  RtM  icjir  of  Ain>4ali)o, 
CtinilT  '      ' 

AM  the  Rer.  Wmiitm  f/enrf  Grtimw, 

UhU'  (ev.  BfvU   <tft!W>      M^  waf«  oC 

if"  ..iry, 

th«  I.  ,roT 

that  pjirtsn, 

ifon  A  35,  At  Birkenhead,  ag«d  74.  tbe  Rer. 
/g4e/A  2trftit«H  WofUim,  of  Trinity  collt!ir«*  Osin- 
bricii«,  b.A.  II»0L  M.A.  Iti(k4. 

i^ffH^  16.  At  WatUngton,  near  Lynn,  aged  97, 
tlie  Rev.  MAfotd  J<ikm  Hm*  Uw/hm,  Uurmia  of 
Holtne* 

Murdi  n.  AK  Uanrport,  aged  7 1 ,  tlte  Iter  John 
Bimalfi^  MtM  of  Croas  Cauunby,  CumbcrUiid 
(1(106). 

IfioreA  aiK  At  Soitlhiunpton.  aged  77,  the  ftev. 
John  Fmtef,  Vicar  uf  t>tiidlev,  Wwrw.  (li»>,  and 
Ch^Ualo  to  tlie  Earl  of  (Wiio^  '       '!  •  w«a 

Ibr  fbrty^one  year*  Minlnter     '  ^  **( 

Hnntingdon*t  chaftel  lii  Tntilirt  I  i  the 

senlortmrt*-! '-'^'    -  '  I'r 

cnUege,  Cjii 
preset] tcf I  in 

Robert  lCui^L..x.^,.'i.'«  ..,i, ,..,-,,, ... .v  ,  .4:^4 

the  Earl  of  (iainsboruugh  a|»|N:»lnte«i  bUn  one  of 
bla  chaplains  ha  l»41. 

JforcASI.        *""-    ...-.,..•    .l„-.,.t     .11;.,^^      ......I   VH 

tho   Rev.   A 

Windsor,  ![> 

Rural  Deafi 

William  Mil. 

f eldPKt  son  ' ' 

t^.rl,    ,U,,i.^M,  ;    ,,.    ,, 

iiir'ihlikro'.     I. 
1^23.  M.A 

.U.I  rh:n.t.  I 


i*riiy  ,  t  eceived  «  sUvbr  U  .^ , 

M&tc<:  D.  K.  Markhem, 

riahloji  ..  -.     -...iugfieel,  aaan  cir.ri 

ear*  Oklaeia  ftir  tUa  private  wort 

■ekmmledgmenl  of  hia  snwe^i 

their  Ixdovid  elwinrfaan  dnrir.^ 

twelve  yearK  May.  1898,"  He  waa  otjUikily  <r»tcg*jtffd 


185d.] 


Obituary. 


559 


i  J)j  Mt  parkhkncra  in  Ettez ;  and  w«a  one  of  tli« 

|«aciit  iiCtiTe  iDemben  of  the  chii[>t«r  of  Wlodtor, 

irlMtre  he  bscuae  a  Canon  in  IH27.    U«  marned 

tbe  wroe  year   Cathedine-Fmiice^Nannette, 

^laughter  of  Sir  WilllAin  Morflaunt  Milner,  Bart. 

I  had  lunn  rwo  warn  and  three  daoxhters.    UU 

roldett  son  died  at  «ea  in  IB50.     His  eUlest  daugh- 

r  ter  wa»  tnarriptt  In  I  ftftS  to  CapL  R.  R.  Quia,  fi^. 

I  fon  of  Lord  G<?<vrjrii  Qutn. 

April..  The  Rvsv.  Jiff  ee  Wemn^onlion^dJonett 
\  Perp^  Curate  of  AM  Saint««  Newcantlc-Qpon-Tjme 
i  41647  >,  and  Clkaplain  ti»  tha  J3eaf  and  Oumb  Aay- 
I  Ivm,  He  was  oC  Jesus  co1lei?e«  Oxford,  ii.A-  IS»7, 
April  1.  At  Broadwiter,  Suisex,  a«isd  S4,  tbe 
Her.  fV<<v  Wood,  fat  fifty-eix  jreara  liactor  of 
Broadwater  and  Bnsper.and  a  Prebendary  of  CW* 
oliMter  (li*3»).  He  was  of  University  college, 
Dxfbrd,  B.A.  17111,  MA.  1794,  [n  1847*  on  lija  at- 
■■Iniiii;  tbe  60th  year  of  hi*  inciiiol>ency,  a  sllver 

Ifsandelabrcim  wa^  presented  to  liiiu  by  hia  pa- 
rlahiooiera.  He  sun i\Hl  not  qultci  a  twelveniontli 
lib  auociate  for  more  tlkan  forty  yean»,  the  Ber. 
ilfllllaiD  DarlioD.  Hinutur  of  the  Chapel  of  £««• 
4lt  Worthing,  who  wai  nottoed  In  our  voi.  xxxtu. 
ApHt  3.  Aj^  9H},  tile  Rev.  Richard  JUtey^  Hector 
of  Marwood/ Devon  (1804),  He  wa^  fonnerly  a 
JBenior  Fdlow  of  St.  John'i  C4]lieKV,  Cambridjope, 
and  gm4uatetl  D,A.  17tiA,  ai  ISfth  Wrangler,  M.A. 
17S8,  B.D.  I7&5, 
April  i.  At  Dnnterton,  I>cvo&iilartt,  agod  A6, 
the  Her,  NaihtmiM  Thomtu  Ho^Bt,  Rector  of  that 
parish  ( 1433).  He  wa«  of  CorpoA  Chriati  eolk^e, 
CainlridKe,  B.A.  \%%i. 
At  EldinburKh,  aged  41,  the  Rev.  fJtor^  Atkim- 
mtn  Walkfr,  Pcrp.  Curate  of  Alverthorpe,  York- 
■hire  (ltt4(J).  Hf  waa  of  Ohrifft'i  college,  Cam- 
bridfiet  il.A.  Iii34,  MA.  11139. 

Aprils,    At  Uurthwnog,  near  DO'lgeJlr*  aged 
80,  the  Rer.  Jt4iH  JontJf^  M.A.  fbrmeriy  Rector  of 

II^Tanaber  (1643),  a  deputy  lleateoaiie  and  nuigla^ 
trate  of  tba  county  of  )Ii:rrioneth. 
Apriti.  At  DuhUn  (where lie  niddefity dropped 
^own  dead  whilst  attending  the  meeting  of  the 
Proteataat  Alliance) »  aged  5:1,  the  Rev.  John 
JTinmas  WMtutone,  B.A.  Rector  of  KJll^ven, 
Jlonaghan. 
.  Aprii^i.  At  hla  residence,  Park«toi»e^ 
Foofe,  Dorset,  in  his  70th  year,  the  Rer, 
iraekolKin,  formerly  Rector  of  Pentrldge,  In  that 
county.  He  waa  of  Cineen's  college,  Oxford,  B.A, 
1603,  K.A.  1907. 
Aged  77,  tbe  Hoii.  and  Rev.  Armisu  Wodchotue, 
freat-ancle  to  Lord  Wodehofue.  He  was  the  third 
ton  of  John  flri«t  Lord  WodohiMwe,  by  Sophia,  dan. 
of  Charles  Berkeley,  eeq.  of  Bniton  Abbey,  and 
niece  to  John  fith  Lord  Berfcetey  of  SIratton.  He 
waa  of  St.  Jehn'^  coll«fte,  Cunfaridge,  M.A,  1709, 
and  wa«  ekcted  a  Fellow  of  Clare  hall  in  ISOO. 
He  waa  presoited  In  IJiOO  by  Lord  Wo(lehon«e  to 
tiie  rectory  of  Weat  Lexhain,  Norfolk,  which  he 
Jbeld  fbr  many  years.  He  marriod  Ui  liilS  Emily » 
third  daughter  of  the  late  Sir  Thoma*  Beauchamp 
Proctor,  Bnrt.  and  that  Lady  survives  him,  withont 
iwne. 

April  1 0.    At  Little  Walalnghara,  Korfolk.  aged 
61,  the  Rot.  John  Drake  Crafts,  Mcar  of  Hough- 
ton (1H35),  and  for  th{rty-«even  years  Chaplain  of 
,,ll«  WaWngham  Bridewell.    "  


He  wa«  of  Trlni^  oollege,  Cambrid^,  BJL.  1SS», 
M.A.  ISSB.  He  watfor  (bur  year*  Curate  of  St 
Jama'ft,  Poolo,  and  in  1831  was  preferred  to  the 
perpetual  curacy  of  Litchet  Min«lcr,  near  Poole, 
CO.  Dorset. 


b  eoUwe,  Cambridge .  B.A.  1614, 
I      At  DokUci,  the  Ret.  IMffbv  Co 


of  Trinity 
IH17. 


He 

.ILA. 
J  Cootf. 
The  Rer.  Tkemuf  Bkdttm,  B,A   Incumbent  of 
Ballyjametdnff. 

Ajn-H  Ifi.  At  Leleeiler,  the  Rev.  Anthony  Ram^ 
9odc  NttrriJKm,  M.A.  Onrate  of  St.  Georgtt^a  In  that 
He  waa  of  queen'*  oollege,  Oaford*  B.A. 
Ift36,  M.A.  la4t. 

At  Ghelmafonl,  aged  73,  the  Eev.  Jama  iftUd^ 

iMwi,  Uaater  ol  the  Grammar  School  lu   that 

i  town,  Curate  of  Chelm^brd,  and  a  currogal^.    He 

wa.H  of  St.  John's  colkge,  Cambridge,  B.A.  lun, 

M.A.  18«3. 

April  li».    Aged  dC».  the  Rev.  James   CuUhatv 

Rector  of  St«nUin   Wyvllle,  Lelc.  (ia*a). 


DEATHS, 

ABJUIVQBI}  IW  CHRONOLOGICAL  OEDEIL 

Auff,  5,  At  Hobart  Town,  Tasmania,  Dipt.  Ed- 
ward Forman,  1ate51$t  Kcj^. 

On  hi«  paisage  from  India,  aged  2a,  John  Frani^a 
Page,  En«.  S»ai  Madraa  N.  Inf. 

Otf.  SA.  On  hoard  the  DInapure,  at  aea,  Henry^ 
Flaber,  eldesKt  surviving  wm  of  tho  late  Rev.  Am- 
bro(<e  Staple  ton,  \''lear  of  E»»t  Bndlcii(h,  Devon. 

Cki.  29.  At  Adelaide,  AastraUa,  a^ed  39,  Eil- 
ward  Bwwyer  Vaux,  .second  »on  of  thelate  Georg« 
Vatut,  esq.  M  J>.  of  IiM-wich. 

JToe.  A.  At  Melbourne,  hy  a  fiill  from  hlo  horse, 
Edmund  Pestle vhaltef  esq.  second  son  of  J.  Po«tl0» 
whaitc,  esq.  of  Dolfton,  Lane. 

Ntm.  6.  At  Bofjral,  Port  Stei»hcna.  in  hi*  G5th 
year,  Archibald  Wni.  Libme,e!M|,  I^eputy  Governor 
of  the  Aiutralian  Agricultural  Company.  He  was 
the  only  mn  of  Thomas  Blane,  esq.  eldest  brotlier 
of  the  late  eminent  pbyalclaii  Sir  Ciilbcrt  Hlane, 
Bart.  He  formerly  held  variauj  offices  tn  the  civil 
adtolnljitratioD  of  tlie  Cape  of  Guo^t  Hope  and  the 
iaiand  of  Maurittnif,  and  had  a  aeat  lu  tbe  Couueil 
of  the  Utter  coliony.  Recently  the  wealth  of  the 
IVel  river  district  In  Au^tnUia  had  been  hnraght 
to  light  tinder  Uii^  tfUiierrlKion  ;  and  he  had  mate- 
rially benefited  In  hb  fortune  by  the  nnejtpeeted 
rice  in  value  of  that  property.  He  manned  ta 
1834  Mary  •Magdalene,  thitt^t  daughter  of  Thotnaa 
D«lvea  Broughtnn,  esq.  tliird  Htm  of  the  Rev.  Sir 
Thomaa  Broughton,  Bart.  an«L  by  tlmt  lady,  who 
survives  him,  he  ha*  left  Ato  children. 

Nov,  la.  Drowned  at  Sydaey-liarhour,  by  Um 
np«;ttlng  of  a  boat^  Frands  Methuen  Noel,  mate  in 
H.MS.  Calliope,  third  son  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev, 
Francis  Noel,  of  Teston,  Kent, 

Det.  ...  Accidentally  drowned  while  crowing 
tho  Murray  river,  Aimtnilia,  aged  ^7,  Algernon- 
Edward,  flftli  turn  of  Henry  Tootal,  esq.  Fhichley 
New-road,  Regent's-park . 

i>er.  SO.  At  Konte  BLmda,  ncAT  Leghorn,  aged 
63f  Robert  Coulthard,  eetq.  late  of  the  let  Dragotm 
Onardji. 

£kc.^].  At  Prome,  aged  16,  Lieut.  Frederick 
Minchlo,  35th  Madras  N.  Inf.  second  son  of  Jamea 
Mincbin,  e»q.  of  Tiveriion. 

Ikt,  Ml.  At  M*!UM3m"ne,  Victoria,  Henry  Gam- 
bier  Howe,  younger  son  of  Edward  R.J.  Howe, 
eaq.  of  Cliart  Sotton,  KeiiL 

Ihe,  n.  At  Molboome,  W.  A.  H.  Poekman, 
eeq.  yoange»t  ion  of  J.  Packman,  esq.  of  Pncke-- 
ridge,  Herts. 

Jan.  1.  At  Melbourne,  aged  30,  Arthur,  eldest 
son  of  Mr.  James  WeddaU^  Late  r>f  Bank  Hou»e, 
near  Selby,  and  grandson  of  the  late  Chaa.  Wed- 
dall,  esq.  of  Selby. 

y<m.  a.  In  Madon,  aged  2&,  Richard-GrifflUi, 
third  son  of  the  late  Capt.  C.  W.  G.  GrifOu,  R.N. 
of  Falmouth. 

Jan.  7.  At  C^akutta,  Henry  Monamy  Cornwall, 
youngef«t  and  only  »nrTiving  aon  of  Henry  Cobb 
Ctiniwall,  esq.  of  Kensington.  He  was  third  ofSmr 
on  board  the  ship  Tndor,  and  was  drowned  in 
the  ri^-er. 

Jan.  a.  KQIed,  at  Pegn,  In  a  night  attack  by 
the  Bnrraeae,  aged  46,  Capt.  Thomas  F.  Nioolay, 
1st  Madras  Fusiriera,  Brigade  Major  at  Bangelara. 

Jan,  13.  On  his  passage  ftom  Panama  to  Lima, 
Charlas  Vanghao  Pugh,  eldest  sen  of  the  B«t.  Q. 
Fogb,  Chaplain  to  Her  Majesty's  Legation  at 
Naples. 

Jan.  IG,  At  Tezwre,  Asaam,  aged  36,  Capt. 
Charles  S.  Reynolds,  49th  Bengal  K.L  principal 
aasistant  to  the  Commlselafner  of  Assam,  son  of  the 
late  Wra.  BejntildBt  esq.  forineriy  of  Lympetone, 
l>rroo,  and  Malpas.MonmoiBth. 


ifa 


500 


Obituary. 


CMay. 


/an,  94.  At  Cnpa  Town,  HgcA  31,  Jtthti  Ulrttta 
AUia^uQ«  esq.  Deputy  AisslrtAiit  CommlMuu-y  Ge- 
iierulr  elttbst  sou  of  J.  U.  AUlnavn,  eaq.  Borgeoa, 
Wtjolwicb. 

JuM.  'ijt.  On  board  tbe  ship  Sir  George  Scjinour, 
tn  MAdratf-rtrndft,  utider  ordcra  to  Baruiiih,  Ji«red  122, 
Lieut,  WiUiam  Dollaa,  Madras  Horse  Brigade  A.rt. 
eldest  sou  of  WiUUm  Dalian^  esq.  of  Bayriw*ter. 

Jan.  .^  Killed  In  ad  cnciL'untcr  witli  rirat<v»  on 
the  river  Sakflrrnn,  Bomio*  ii,Lrcd  2G,  Alian-Bot- 
ville,  third  son  of  Robert  Newton  lA-e.esq  ofGlou- 
ccster-terr,  llyde-iwirk,  and  u:r«nd!*(jn  of  the  lutu 
tlobprt  Newton  Lee,  esq.  uf  ColdrtTt  Hunt*. 

/Vft,  1.  On  liourd  tb*'  A-r  -  - '  -  m  h^r  ptu^^saae 
to  AuHtriilhi,  aj;*?d  31,  A''-  'Mmn*  Daw- 

8ett»  and  third  dan.  of  :  >r  Juin^'^erin, 

efn\.  of  tl>e  Grciit  SJiltem  «  imtii, 

Ffb.  2    At  FattnoutJt,  41,  CLarJc* 

William  Uh^kcIL,  tas*^.  y  'f  tim  lute 

Joie]>h  nickcll,  esq.  fom  i* ..,    .     ,.  ,  ik-. 

jfU.  5.  KlileJ  in  uction  at  iJonalMiw*  near  Ran'* 
gMn,  Capt.  ItolK-rt  l*rite,  67tb  B«>ntraJ  Native  [nf. 
ieoond.'voii  of  K^ilph  Prittt,  ejwi.ofSydenbanit  Kent. 
And  |]rn»ndj(ijn  of  Sir  Ctuirle^  Prict!^  Bort.  Aldtimjaii 
of  Londcjo, 

Fff>.  7.  At  Cjtlcutta,  Frederidt  Ingle,  c-mj.  of 
Lynn„  Norfolk. 

/VA.  'i.  In  Jjimak-a,  at't- d  25,  Tliotna^,  fourth 
son  of  the  bito  Ivum:  Ilig^,  esq.  of  London-st 
City. 

/-Vfe.  10.  At  VAlporolfto,  the  Hoti.  Henry  Eden, 
Ittte  mate  In  D.M  S.  Virajjo,  fet^ond  wn  of  Lord 
AnckUuid,  Bi^ibop  of  SoHttir  und  Mjin. 

/>A.  13,  Lftfln>  Fr»n<-iB  dones*,  Lieut. -Colonel  of 
the  2nd  Weat  India  Uegt.  In  comuuuid  at  Hie  lal&nd 
of  St.  Vincent. 

Ffb.  14,  In  lIontA^-itiiMt,  Fortaun-aq,  Kj^or 
O'iijTne, 

Frb.  19.  At  Conniuiore,  of  ferer»wjed  2i5,  Heat. 
T.  C.  Newbcry.  IGth  MadrA«  Nat.  Inf.  eldest  son  of 
T,  C  Newbt'rv,  t!««q.  of  Ottery  St.  Mury,  Dtvon. 

Ftb.n.  At  Blots,  in  France,  uged  52,  Osltorn 
WOUam  Chambers,  CAq. 

Aged  104  year*  anrt  9  months,  Henrietta  llae- 
JNniie,  of  Auchriaclmn,  ncArTumintouL  She  was 
In  Ml  poaiCSBion  of  all  her  fiuMiUJe-K  until  about 
twelvft  mondiH  ai^o.  His  (Jnice  the  Dtiliti  of  KleU. 
mttnd,  for  mAiiy  years  previous  to  her  death,  ji«r- 
mitteil  bor  to  live  rent-free.  She  bo*  left  two 
dAuji^bterH  and  two  sons.  Tile  iddest  daujuhter,  who 
lived!  ^ith  her*  1«  tipw«rd«  of  KO  year  a  of  tme. 

At  Burnhiimt  netr  Barton -npon-Humher,  aged 
fi€,  Jant!,  nvlfe  of  John  Taylor,  t^. 

r^b.  22,  At  Selby,  ayed  66,  the  Rev.  Geo.  Best, 
Roman  Catholic  prie*t  at  tbiit  plju'e  upvrardft  of 
thirty  years,  and  chaplain  to  the  late  llo«.  E.  K. 
Petre,  and  hia  widow  the  Hon.  Hrs.  Petre, 

At  St.  Qeorg^'a,  Beruindji,  a«e<l  HU,  Rolivrt  tea, 
mq.  Ai«l«taDt  Conunkisiary  Genenil.  He  hod  ]>een 
Uijiwanl?  of  M)  yi-arw  in  the  Catninisjariat -,  prior  to 
his  entcTtn^t  tluit  drpsrlment  he  wa*  Payma«tcr 
of  the  Duke  uf  Kent'*  Own  Hdle  Corpi*. 

At  Hn*bornc  Cnmlty,  P*^ls,  aged  AB,  ElijsAtetht 
wife  of  John  rainier,  ewi.  U.N. 

^rft.  38.  At  Wall -ii.  au*  1  20.  Fraud*  Fothenrill 
Hood,  late  Lkut,  '■  -  mid  Bon  of  John 

Hooii,i*(|,  of  Netil  inc. 

Mairh'l,    At  St  .  .1J4.  Ueot  Tho- 

aia  Uorj^an^HOthBLvt.  Lieut.-Gen. 

SaVfun.  of  Singleton,  TV 

MartJi  i.    A(^  34,  M  Scobie^  esq. 

manager  of  the  Provincktl  ilaaL  of  LngUtnd  at 
Hereford. 

March  fi.  At  the  aockbonse,  Ashf^jrd,  Middle* 
•ex,  aped  70,  Francis  Clifford  *  «saq* 

At  VV«irthlMK.  Barbodoea,  aged  31,  the  Right 
Hon.  Sarah  Lady  Harrhi,  She  was  the  youn,g«At 
djw.  of  the  Ven.  Qtortse  Cummins,  Archdeacon 
of  Trinidad,  was  married  in  lt<i50,  and  has  left  a 
•on  tiom  In  isai,  and  a  daughter  born  in  lH.Vi, 

At  fiatli,  MgffA  6d,  Ann,  widow  of  Uent.-Col. 

Mvxh  7.  At  Aoffloaoa,  near  Go^port,  M arRaret- 
Qtorglna,  wile  of  FmticU  FtBlTonri  e«q.  of  Fornto 

13 


CaMle,  FifcaUire,  N.B.    Her  n»raif  na  were  in  terr^d 
in  Scotland. 

At  Berwicli,  n^in\  7%  Tliomju  Hoie«rth,  eaq.  « 
moeittrate  fur  the  borough,  and  late  &  1Jeat.-4IoL 
in  Her  Majcsly**  ««rvlce, 

<Ju  hl«  homeward  voyace  from  Hohart  Town, 
fUS&l  32,  Frederick,  aeeond  son  of  Jeremiah  Ovrea, 
C8<i.  M.D.  of  Storkwidl-jd-  Stirrey* 

At  the  Mount,  in  the  5uburt««  of  York.  ajre4  f%,^ 
Mrs.  Tcmjiseiul,  Mr. lor  of  the  late  and  aunt  of  C 
present  Sir  W.  SI    vf    •   -    '    -t   f.f  Nun  Aptdetwil4| 

Morch  H.    At  r ;  1 19,  Janie^  «lAk»«^lf 

uey,  oMi,  hite  Cr**  r  the  co.  Cialway. 

lu  Pari*,  aireil  u,,,  ..    ..    .  .  Cuuyntihanie,  esq., 

second  »on  of  the  late  Sir  Win.  A.  CunyngUAtD<v  ] 
Bart,  of  Mtlncmig,  N.B, 

At  Bayswater,  a^ed  r^T.  EdwHr.i  .i,.hn 
of  the  Srrdnd,  chronometer  aii 
Her  MdjfcHty  the  Queen,  the  t 
BuA$ia£,  and  inventor    and   Jjj,:   ,,,- .    ...     xveral  ' 
scJejttitic  de^ddcratH. 

In  Old  Quebec -*t.  a«ed  71,  Ciipt.  1  homa*  Eyrf. 
K.N,     He  entered  tf,.-  ^.  ivi.^  m    iT'tj    t*,**  ttk..I« 
Lieut.  IHOO.  Coin 
pay  1815,  and  r-  » 

prBMjnt  tn  Sii  i:.  ji 

l>»l4wnsO 

A^eddt  iltoo, 

late  of  U.  il  .  _  "U  of 

LIeut.'Col.  I  ultun,  h.  il 

At  Trinity  college,    i  u«ip- 

George,  second  son  of  S'l  u— :_    .: ,    >q.   of 

Abu}|;dnn. 

At  Ardvvick,  Manebester,  Mary,  wifb  of  CtiarlM 
Hicksonf  e«q. 

AtEast  Meiliinfr,  KtMir 
cond  dauprhter  of  the  I  i 

Hon i ton,  Devon,  iin!  n:  1 

Hill,  formerly  \h 

Suddenl|%  Mr"  ;  t^teA 

le*Tie<^  •'{  tlu'  Ha-  .'*»  ut 

Mr 
tbt  1 
bus  I 

in  l>. , 

bilTl. 

bor  _ 
Sir. I 

A'  ■  '  '     '» 

S1.M 
Ar 

Cbnl 

At 
ae*sj 

In  '. 
esq. 

Ai 
of.].. 

A! 

riett  . 

At  V.  ■ 
WookuU.' 

Mary,  *T 

UpplT  s  I 

Rev   I 
parK . 

At  Asliburtoii,  itjiua  ai),  Jumper  AddeJiM  AniOTy,^, 

Aged  77,  Mr.  Thomas  BIyth,  of  All  Sa»iite%  Oo**  J 
cheater,  (ortnerK  aMerman  of  the  old  com      "- 
an  il  for  forty-six  ytar»  uppwitor  of  the  i 
of  Colche*ter* 

At  L»orche«ter,  atred  83,  MUa  Bryw- 

Ag«d  64,  William  Dadaon.  eaq.  of  Ro«lM«t«r. 

At  Dcmnport,  a^ed  S7,  llnrrl*!.  widow  of  Om 
Kev.  James  Ftimeam,  I"  at  r 

late  Rev.  Josiaa  Foot,  ot 

Aged  43,  Ctuirlea  Jo»r ; 
iNon  of  the  late  Henry  SkiuglL-y,  tsq,  K>i 
park^honsc,  CogK^^lu^H,  Esueji, 

At  OunOle,  Korthaajptonahlre^  ayad  «T|  llHffiif|«| 
wife  of  lleury  Vor ke, « 


Sai«n,  eldest  dad.  of  Ctie  I 


d  2«,  llarHei. ' 

[ilt^n,  vgtA  6t,  Ilea- 

^wattir,  aired  69,  G<** 
!  and  liti«»«ii-liUL 
irmln^on,   eaq.  of 

..tbcToftha 
i<UR««ei>i*«- 

KrnL 


1853.] 


OBlTUAftY. 


Mirh  10.  Mr.  Ulchgurd  C»tcr»  niany  yearB 
M  i mdinj?  Naval  Trtinj»portH,  otid   aub- 

I  I'r  plJoti  under  the  bthurd  of  Trinity 

M  SU)\v-<mAhAA\o\t\^  ftgerl  7G,  Jrtck*oii  Clnrk, 
es<i.  for  moro  ttiAii  thirty  years  ntuiiiif^er  of  a 
biuiklng  efltabUahment  In  that  town. 

Aged  43,  Paler  HBliuwortli,  t-^q.  of  Korjileigh, 
near  LockIji,  doth  m&niifiictiirer. 

At  Clifton,  aged  7T,  Mrs.  Jonc*,  relict  of  Fre- 
derick Jouea^  csui. 

At  Ityc,  Ofe'tid  6G,  Mr,  Troorge  Kni^liL,  surgeou. 

At  tlio  tirjuse  of  hi*  Irrothur  Cbarlps  Law>  esq. 
Artillery  pi,  Firisl>»iry-*q.  J.  Alfred  Lftw»  cjmj.  of 
the  Wnwlrons,  Croydon. 

Frederick  Mmiaisoii,  cmj.  of  the  AdniirallT,  So> 
meriiet  Uotue. 

At  BcamlBlt,  near  Obester-le-atreet,  agiHl  S6, 
R.  W,MatlM!Ws.eaq. 

At  the  residence  of  the  lie  v.  W,  Math  ins.  Cat- 
cott,  Soiuerset,  iljiiry,  widow  of  Charles  Mathiod. 
esq.  of  LAinphty  Coarr,  l*eml)> 

At  the  Ursullne  Convent,  Cork,  ujireil  I IG,  ilnrj-, 
widow  of  J.  Power,  esq.  und  aunt  of  the  Imtc  Right 
Hon.  II.  L.  SheU.  Jtrn.  I\>wcr  till  very  reccnUy 
rc.'flded  at  Bath,  and  at  the  age  of  1 14  ^he  made 
two  vlsitA  from  tliat  pUee  to  Loadiin,  to  see  the 
Great  Exhitntion.  It  wa*  her  own  remark  that 
^c  lielieved  herself  to  be  the  grofttest  curiosity 
Iherti, 

At  ManMd  ilou50,  tlercf.  lupbd  70,  Caroline,  only 
dim.  of  tlie  bite  Sir  Uvedale  Price,  Hurt, 

At  Cltijrw^cU,  Eisex,  aged  67,  Mjirgartft-SmJlh, 
wife  of  Lient.-Col.  Squire,  late  oftlie  latli  regt* 

At  Clifton,  near  Cork^  aged  H.^,  John  Moore 
TrAVcni,  esq.  D.L, 

At  CamberweO,  aged  76*  Mi»i  Ann  Young. 

M&tth  li«    At  Uttoxetcr,  Fnuicia  DLagg,  e.i4j. 

At  F^tertliAm,  aged  wa,  Mias  Cjitiienne  Boyd, 
(liBier  of  the  late  Blr  John  Boyd,  Bart,  of  Donsofl, 
Kent. 

At  Clicdditr,  Cj«orge  Budgttt,  esq.  nutltateir  and 
itreiwr. 

Hosettii*  <lm.  of  the  lato  Rev,  Wiltiiun  Oartnr, 
ItetMur  of  Anhttad,  Surrey. 

IMziilM^lh,  wife  of  ttju  Kev.  Trand*  Hawkins 
Cole,  of  lijrde  Lodge,  Winchcjiter,  liantit^ 

III  Cork'Pt.  Hurlington-jriirdcnp,  jijic^l  74,  Mary, 
widow  of  Uobi*ri  C^imden  Ci-»pe,e%i[.  lalc  of  Longb- 
^h\\,  CO.  Amiiigh. 

Aged  "J;t,  Jariioa-Trevelyaii,  eldest  hou  of  Chad, 
ilydc,  es^i,  of  Ely-place  and  Hlghga,to*rl«c. 

At  Dulnich,  tjged  73,  Jane,  rclitt  of  Cbarlc& 
Khij^slcy,  cj»i, 

in  CA«iogau-|d.  j^ged  33^  WilUitm  Putter,  caq. 

At  iiawkhurst,  Kjuit,ag«dfj7,Saiuu«il  Poyndcr, 
CJtq. 

At  iUrketihead,  ajjed  79,  WlUium  VaughaD, 
c^[.  of  Mupujai  Uonm*,  Statr. 

AfitrrJi  12.  At  Hutton-gardoni  aged  37,  Morrifl 
Alcxjuidcr,  c?iq. 

At  Hiteliiin  ngad  73,  Hory-Morgaret,  rclkt  of 
ThuTiMW  Brown,  esq. 

Aged  7ft,  Mn»,  I.Verkclcy  Bntt,  widow  of  Ecy. 
JEolicrt  Diitt,  of  Strauorbine,  co.  DoneguK 

At  Scaloby  ILUi,  CumlKTland.agfd  64,  Ueui^ 
Farrt^r,  cm]. 

At  tiunbiir>%  MUM  I  ":   '    '  nel  Wil- 

haui  ilaukin.s,  U.EJ  '  ncy. 

At  llnsting!^,  aj?e<i  :,  wife  of 

Uiclinrd  ilou^^bton,  wi,  ui  i'Mmti">it,  '«o«l  eldest 
diiu.  of  Jrilin  Siott,  c^|.  Inlo  of  the  AdmlmUy, 
S<ijiucr?rt]l  liont»e. 

ilaniiuht  wife  uf  Sir.  W.  W  '  '^  '  'iL^ULyun, 
only  ihni.  of  \Vm.  BurkcK ,  Id. 

A I  ninbrid-r,  nrv-i  tyn,  \]  .   Millc^. 

^•'   " ■  '     '■ '     "rill    ujiii.  iH    till»    hllc 

'•'B.  flccond  dftu.  of  tJic 

liiit'  I  iii'iiiii'*  i  iati.-.r-i|    Ml  London. 

Qtroiine,  yoiingi'Kt  dau.  of  the  toie  Jnttn  Flti' 
ney,  esq.  of  Kx<?ter. 

At    Bridge  1 1 ;i,   Uenry  Heed,  eaci. 

solicitor. 


Gknt*  Mav 


XXXIX. 


In  M&ildox-4t.  Hanover-»q.  aged  hO^  Sarah  t  relict 
of  John  Aypc  Shei>pard,  cwj* 

SiDsannah,  eldest  iXun.  of  Arihar  Stone,  esq.  of 
Grtnat  Portiand'stneet. 

At  StockwcJI,  Surrey,  ne&l  rto,  Ann,  reBct  of 
Lient.-Colonel  Hugh  SuUierland,  and  mother-in* 
Jaw  of  the  widow  of  \Vm.  .'j^iienc^cr,  (»r[.  1«rrUter- 
at-law,  «ecoMd  son  of  the  late  I«aac  Spencer, esq. 
of  I  lie  Plantation,  near  York. 

At  Cran brook,  a4?fd  *>3,  Cburle*  Willi*,  mil.  «Al- 
cilor,  one  of  the  coroner^i  for  the  Western  divlidou 
of  tliu  eounty  of  Kent  for  the  lant  2U  years. 

At  Pnlhatu,  Mr.  Coniciius  Whur,  i^cttcr  known 
a^s  *■  The  SufToik  Poet/'  the  author  of  dercral 
voluLncs  of  poem:«. 

March  13.  At  Ware,  agwl  44,  Cioorge  Down 
Adiuas,  eldest  sou  of  the  hite  Thomas  AdauiA,  u»q. 
liianker. 

In  Upper  Muntatn^-iit.  Eliza,  widow  of  Symonds 
Brid^^'water,  esq.  of  inaminiea. 

At  Enntry,  ogod  r>7,  itichard  S.  Leggatt,  eaq^. 
surgeon. 

At  ReffcntS  Park,  oped  W,  rrtsciUa,eldcrt  dan. 
of  tlic  late  Citpt,  W.  lUrtiu  Lys-icr,  t^ueon'^  RoyaU. 

At  Wk'iihtidcJi ,  Edward  Miinnem,  c»q.  eldest  aoQ 
of  t)ie  late  Enri^an  Manners,  ofM^,  of  Kcnipton-[mrk, 
MiddJci>»cx. 

At  Salperton  lion^-,  G]once»tcr»liire:,  aged  (iO| 
Sopfila-Aun».%  wife  of  Win.  Feci,  C:^. 

In  r.itlle  Chcl*ca,  aj;ed  113,  Anne,  relict  of  Mr. 
Oeorjfe  P!itil"cn,  and  niotlier  of  Major  GcorgO 
Phitlen,  formerly  in  the  'M\  Regt.  (or  Dufla). 

J^ura-MatiklB,  wife  of  ti.  W.  Pllt,  esq.  late  of 
tlic  Itth  Hnjeunk. 

At  Holt,  Norfolk,  Rebecca,  wife  of  the  Her. 
Benjamin  Pnlleyno. 

M^tlia,  widow  of  the  R«^.  Thomnw  Roy,  of 
Wo  bom,  Beibi. 

Age<l  &«,  Samuel  iiouthall,  of  Leominster,  a 
higlily  respectable  meoiber  of  tlie  Society  of 
Friends. 

At  Aylaliam,  Norfolk,  CiUhcrlnc-Ncville,  Uiird 
fttirvlviBjr  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  KcvUle  White,  o£ 
TirelsbaU. 

MfarcA  14.  At  Brij^Uton,  ai^>d  til),  Jaine^!  AlKton» 
caq,  of  Bryanaton-iiqiiaro,  and  of  Winson-tnlKnear 
Blnoltigbaiii. 

At  Worcester,  Sarah*.! atio,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
Thomaa  Hetdieth  Digg^,  Itectur  of  WhltL>ome, 
Mertsfonlihlrc, 

At  iiuiitiuKdon,  ElliBlwtii-Anne,  wife  of  the 
lEcv.  UolK-rt  Couix-r  Block,  Hod  fourth  dmu  of  tiie 
Rev.  W.  CaruA  Wilson,  of  C    '  ' !  "    " 

At  Glower  Lodge,    Win 
River*,  wife  of  Coiit,  Bulk.  I 

At  lIorNham,  Sa*4in7i;iJi-i  ■•     ■■■■m»,  itm-.i - 
Ijcrt  .lone*  C^hlan ,  r   ,    ■ 

At  New  Steyno,  lii._   i 
of  t  he  lute«  and  skiAtei' ut  li 

Uomvillo,  Bart,  Her  fnthor  was  I.»ord  >[ayor  of 
Loiiduii  wlieti  (Icorgc  IV.  ivnd  the  Allied  isflve- 
reJ^ns  visited  the  eily ;  and  thiit  lady  ivcted  as 
Lady  Hayoreiw  fur  that  year. 

At  Aahday  BaU,  near  Halifax,  u'^'e^l  HO,  Sarah, 
wife  of  Thomas  Drake,  <«q. 

At  hlii  brother'^  re^idcmic,  LowwtolT,  Snlfoik, 
JoMpb  Glover,  e<w|.  inirf^eon,  and  youuirCAt  sou  of 
Ihc  late  Mr.  John  lUovur,  of  (MKMlruingute,  Nor- 
wich, ironniDTiffer  and  whitCMnitli. 

At  Mjiuor  llall,  Little  Chclsco,  Mi«  Jeniitua 
Uulmea. 

At  New  CrOf«*,  aged  l>i^  Mrs.  Sally  ilortun, 
mother  of  Wm-  Morton,  it^i-  p»vma«ter  R.N. 

At  Addi*cymt)c.  J  T  *       '  -    '    H'ru.  .J«euli, 

of  the  Ibtu.  t:.i-t  lij. 

At   Bath,  S.irali*  widow  of 

Nathaniel  Jekyll,  c^i.  -i  i  n.  .i...^  liuui^e,  Sc>. 
mcr^t. 

in  Coniiaiight-!$q.  a^anl  71,  WllUaiu  Eoaniain 
Jolinwn,  o«i. 

At  Pentrrj^i,  near  Moutgomcry,  Lucy,  elde»t 
dan.  of  the  late  Thoiuaa  Jones,  esq. 

At  Hyile-fiark-iMi.  Kalharine-EUiaf  eldest  dau. 
uf  tbu  Vlce^Cboncellor  KiitdtfrBley. 

4G 


■  ijft- 
idK. 

■■■■M»,    ITM-.l    'fl     KO- 

■  uliiipc,  (J lone, 
I  Nvinor,  chle.^t  dau. 
|.u-^eiit,  air  Willlaui 


5B2 


Ai  llrijvhtoii,  Jitria*  wife  of  Wm.  B«ad  Ring,  esq. 

At  Ajidej  H«I1,  F^rancn-liiUiieiit-irewdQgAte- 

Ltidfofd,  Hccoi^d  dau.  of  the  late  John  Kewd««ftte 

Lutlforrt,  fj'^q.     She*    wtt^  dl.^tinKTii'^hed  for  very 

B11|i.'i  "  M'B  moit 

A;  .  i*«l.  , 

tiuniifjiy,  lit  ii-*vcr.  Mnnn-J.i*;oua.  wife  of 
LieuL-Col,  Smart,  Jato  of  the  Ttojml  Eu^neen. 

At  Mine-tnn,  Soptiiii,  fourth  diiu.  of  Thomaa 
Sout^ 

A  ie»  SAlford,  ftt  an  adranced  «(e«, 

Sdi4  ,  esq.  Xiopulorty  known  m  "  uie 

OWiit'iti-tJiin-  inx-tor." 

At  PUUtowr.  Essex,  Moit,  t^ct  of  OttOflO 
fiandert  Turner,  unj. 

At  Sbcpptirton.  Ilidill<;«cx,  ftg«d  58,  Fr«derlcX 
Wincb,  esq. 

Ajf«1  ft«.  MftrT-Kl!^4lM»H,,  wife  of  wm!«m  Win- 
ton.  -  I. .,...,...  1. f  .  '  TV-  '-'•:--_  Kent. 

Wi-  ;uloii. 

J/  I,  i>.riLj]ii-Auiiij.iuiJa,  HOn  oT 

wiit  ..-►*_.  'iri:  Uentinclr,  ■ ■ 1.| 

toa  of   iJi  \ilni,    VVHIijai 

SllC!  wae   r  I    of  Ihc^  Uv 

of  Falfort  •      i,.,,  r 

flan,  uf  ^\ 

WAN  Qiai  r> 

At  Tan. 
lateBer  ^ 

At  Wot  I 

wife     of     Jul...     ;,.,.,,     ,      -,         IV,,.       i,,r,,,       .,,      «t,^v.      .», 

William  tboir  wni 

At  Ittttlirietton,  Ahcrdeenfebire,  iged  :I7,  Artbnr 
LewU,  Jun.  «Aq. 

At  CbelteiLham,  Eioaia*  wife  of  thA  Ber.  Wil- 
liam RoauintiL 

At  AUh^ton,  DerhyilUrie,  aged  08,  Cleorgtt  WU- 
•oo,  eaq, 

March  16.  At  Buapttmii^  aged  SS*  MIm  KUia- 
both  Anlcedf. 

M  Leeda,  Aged  76,  J.  Brtmlef,  Ciq. 

At  an  advoncicd  n^ce.  HJjm  Ibirtlia  Brook  ^  liwt 
»cirviFfn|?  dan.  of  the  liit«;  TliofnoA  Brook ^  sen.  mq. 
fonnerly  art  cmJiiexit  proctor  In  Vork. 

AL£(Uuburgb,Tboma»  Bro^vu,  esq.  of  Water* 

At  Fope'ft-KTOTO,  Twickonbiunf  ngfsd  70,  Lieut.- 
Colonel  Cooper,  Madnu  oed'Tlee. 

Ill  Bedfiml-pl.  Koniitigton,  aged  OO,  EUiuibeth, 
Toangwt:  dau.  of  the  Ul«  John  A.  DnttuiaKin,  of 
the  Stock  ExcliiiiigQ. 

At  LtoniJugtuti,  aged  73,  Fhebe,  widow  of  John 
flilior,  oiq. 

At  Amiick  Grange,  Dorliaili*  tgttd  7 1 ,  Jobs  Bar- 
bottle,  Cf><l. 

At  Ciun|)don-enite,  Keoaiiigion,  ogv^  39,  Jaineft 
Edward  lleunGll,  esq,  of  tho  fiuier  Templo. 

After  long  suffering^  agod  63,  Col.  JiiUaji  Jaek> 

BOQ. 

At  the  Abbey,  Peoixasea,  Bichard  Long,  e^* 
At  Plymonth.  Robert  Lowiay,  r<q.  Ltoat  B.N. 
Ee  entcn^l  the  Nav^  lAflA,  ww  made  Lieut.  ISI-S, 
■ml  went  on  ltalf-|Miy  1844.  He  wn*  bfother  of 
Capt.  Henry  Lowcay,  U.K.  and  of  retired  Com- 
nundcr  Sir  VViu.  Lowuay^  who  died  lo  July  laat. 

At  BkcktiuutJi,  aeod  16,  CaraUno* Amelia,  dau. 
of  the  lato  FbiUp  Coarloa  Moore,  esq.  of  DoctonT 


Obituarv 


At  OidhaCD,  Mr.  Aldcnswn  Taylor.     He  do. 
ttroyt'^l  htiij>t«Li  b>r  riittiiicr  hi*  throat  with  a  ruor. 

.A!  I   -'  .  ^^  iSliam  Stenie  llphe, 

aoti  <i.  vo.  Westmea^ 

y  •    WurAki-r     lAtie  pf 

^'^  !  iimcr 

Wj*!i  .:,*n 

Ma» 

Ofi-r     .  1 ,  ,   ^  L ...  _.  ^...., , 

7orkaluic,  aiiii  ^  UM»iiev.  OjMim  iJrdno  liikr- 


nard,  Bector  of  Itli^i  »y ♦  UneftlnilklfO,  She  wm  the 
datL.  of  Gapi.  Ki"  -'  "  -' Titinti  wiui  married 
to  Sir  GriMth  1  G,  left  UlswlAww  to 

lft01,and  remiiri 

AtBlackheaii  ^'     *  '  ■  f'romley, 

of  the  Arm  of  '  Uonsrs, 

Royal  Excbang« 

Mar)*,  wife  d 

CatheriDe.  wi  i  i 

CoUyer,  Arcbtl* 

log  dan.  of  WiiiKiui  ^  liv  of 

Londgii. 

At  Bury  Si,  Edmuii  ^^t  dan. 

of  tkielaie  '  ' '  M*kli 

Frant i  :  to  \ 

Age  A»«jr 

At  Brl 
dati.  of  Ci 

At  tb. 
Mi-  ^*  ■■ 

r  Ktiis,  relict  of  C'orii  .n 

M'  y Ion ,  Mfcond  dim,  i  >  i  : .  - 

tti4   .a,,-.,.  ,,Mliert*,  C4<^  of  Burt'.-i.   ^.,,.......^k, 

Dornci. 

At  Witndaworth.  aROd  7»,  France**  rellel  of  W.M. 
Newtnn,  f'**  ■ 

AtYf^i  rhofiii* 

Cllar1«a^  II.  SoC. 

At  Mir'  ■'—  e< 

the  late  >  t- 

tluit  I'ark 


In   OambridgfeHrt.   Rydo-park-a^. 


L«;ed  R  J I  Olxabetb ,  reUc4  of  io 
"sq.  iQTgeoii. 
,  agod  7o,  Robert  ClaHto,  m^. 


Bl.i 


Broco|iioa-cre«;.hariDg  snrrhol  hb  wtJk  acanMly 
ODO  montti. 

At Mortborotigh,  aged Bl.  William  Foach  tlUlkr, 
eiq.  banker. 

Ajtcd  69,  Jdjnoa  Loma*,  eaq,  nearly  fartf  jvara 
pdncipal  of  Klrklington  Acadcnny^  Be  p^mmmd 
eminent  ocqaircJoeoDi  aod  Wi«  4ii  iocooiptlabAd 
scholar. 

At  prp*tt"tTV,  M.M.r  rtuMritf.rtiii  mrvd  «a» Cat^ 


lUio-Sopli 
Sbo  1 


Johu  Paf«t. 

Jana,alaoat 

r*?org«  Snow, 

I  tjhe  Ru  Err* 

uU  WeDa^ 


.  Pwothr.K 
..rc.aad  ibttf  of  ( 
Sm  wa*  tnaitled  Io 


dKi 

Edu. 

waa  itmri 

AtGrt 
CoLPorkei.    . 
Rlicht  Hoo.  Lurd  iLMtAUiuit;- 
l7Ufi. 

At  SouthwoJd.  atj;«vJ  07,  Ann*  rellot  of  Slr^ohii 
Perring,  Bart* 

At  Done  Court,  K<mt,  ogi'd  -iA,  George* WtUUsa, 
fourth  0fm  r>(  liiw.tr.i  Hnyd  Rice,  eaq.  M.I*,  and  a 
Oommftn'l'  ntcred  (li^aprrtM  ttl  t^4>i 

had  thti  B'  ind  went  out  In  the  Tm.  it, 

with  Oomu  ,  iiuviKJft  WhlUt  leadliki  Ilia 
ineu  at  Priiiue,  ha  roculvist  a  wmund  drum  a  tnuK 
k«t-tKilI  poaNUig  In  at  the  iMick  of  his  hoad  and  cm 

at  lluv  wmt 

A  .  c«<i.  of  UarfWooiS-«q« 

\  1  .uul»;t,  relict  of  G»  P.  Sey> 

nfiiii  ■!',"..  Somerset. 

,\  '  <if  Thomi 

i»ii  «  Caftic,  CO.  1 

Sb.  ^Ai  T 11^  I.I 

.^  r-  (tf  IHe 

late  ...._-  T  jiui* 

cheater* 

March  19.    By  acridetiialh  i  pood^ 

eii.'1-ii  ,Vi,  in,'tuiiii   r.t'iis..u   1.  lu^haad 

-iT,  one 
T  anoa^ 

J  lUdlnO 

ditilithUjili 


^Uiieia. 


1853.] 


Obituary* 


56d 


AtWormlflyJi  iibatfi,  relict  of 

Thottuui  Evirt,  r  1 1  Nliter  of  tbfl 

Utc  C«pt.  WelstL 

At  Porbinaoutlj,  ii^lh)  s;^  C':niira.  AJaxandfir 
OUtnour,  R,N*  H«  entered  tho  wrvioo  177H, 
serveil  for  33  year*  on  full  juxy,  wa-j  made  Lieu. 
tenAOt  1T9B,  ttnd  a  r«tiriHl  CoDimander  18,^0. 

In  S«Tfie-row,  M*ry-Madlda,  nifu  of  William 
tmric,  esq. 

At  Whitby,  ii^fld  W,  Aiubella.  Lwt  survi^iiijj 
duu,  of  Thoft.  J«ckjon,  estin  Lloyid'*  Burvoyor. 

At  Cbeljtea,  *ced  M,  Mr?.  LcnrTbeAter,  relict  of 
Mn  HictukM  Leadbeat^  i  f  Falmoatli. 

At  Kentfiigtont  MffH  Lkay. 

At  Sonthsea,  a^od  i:<iy,  roUct  of 

DftOiel  lfcODy,ct«|.  1JasU?i  H.N- 

Ae«d  63,  llr.  JoliB  Deer  Pledger,  of  tlie  Una  of 
Mortlock  and  Co.  buikeri,  ofCiirabridgo. 

Aged  23,  No]iemliili-Jjijnisa«  third  son  of  JoMph 
RoAselU  e«i  Tredegir^.  Bow-«»d»  »nd  White 
Hftrt  court,  Lombard-fttroet, 

At  Worthing,  IIel«Q,  wif&  of  tbe  Kev.  ThODiuu 
Syket,  Vicar  of  Luton,  Bed». 

At  Thuniaeoe,  Yark«liir«,  Caroline*  wifb  of  the 
Her.  J  aha  Gnrwen  tifmpioti,  only  dAU.  of  O.  H. 
Harris,  qjk].  RooklandJif  Torquay. 

At  Graotham.  aged  60,  Huy^  r«lJet  of  tJio  Rer. 
Jolin  Grondy  Thotoipion. 

Mareh  30,  Ajjed  70,  Clara*  the  wife  of  R.  Har- 
riaon  Black,  esq.  LLJ>.  and  iiecond  djiu.  of  the  late 
Charles  Feaxnon,  esq.  of  Gi-venwlch. 

At  Ballymacaah,  co.  Antrim^  aced  76,  BDen, 
relict  of  Oeorffe  Ulock,  of  StraonnlUi,  eati. 

In  Upper  Avenue-road,  Rei^nfa-park*  Harriet- 

Eliubeth.  wU^  of  lladgwick  Sr>ke^r  Davidson,  <s»q. 

At  Hitltown  orKinnemoy,  pari-h  of  Edit,  aged 

J  t3,  ARnes  Fife.    She  Und  never  during  her  lung 

lif^  been  ont  of  her  native  tuuriib. 

At  RaKtinga,  aged  30,  Robert  Kerr  Lewin,  etq. 
mercliaut,  ol  I>onglas,  IsJe  of  Haa. 

At  MunlGh,  aged  lb,  Darid  Homnan,  Count 
Baurogajlen,  graadioti  of  the  Right  Hon.  L^^nl 
Erakine. 

At  St  Leonard'iHOQ-tlio-S«a,  aged  2&,  Rti«amond 
Aognitta  Do  Rolt*  wil^  of  Cbarltti  runnlngtou, 
AMt.  Rifle  Brigade. 

At  Harpenden.  llr.  Henry  Plf^gott,  yootigest  fon 
of  the  late  J.  I^gott,  es*^.  of  St.  Albania. 

At  r  ^ttu  "  -kejiey,  HiiiTiot,  eldest  dan.  of  llio 
late  '  .  \\  oM). 

^^  >  ^r  Lamley  SUdgh, e»q.  fbrmerly 

of  tiw  .  u..  ..„i^„nn^  and  aftenrards  of  the  Ath 
Fiifllieri,  otily  ion  of  tlie  late  Capt<  Sleigh,  of  Stik- 
pleford,  ooar  Nottinftham. 

At  Hambletoa.  Yorkslilre,  aged  afi,  llr.  H«fnry 
Stobbinisr,  a  celebrated  tniining  groom,  late  of 
Newmurket,  siinivliiK  IUa  urifiB  iml  a  Ibw  dayau 
Mr.  Stobbinff,  in  addition  to  Uio  training,  kept  a 
large  eitabUjdimsnt,  and  waa  proprietor  of  Ftat- 
eateber,  and  a  great  number  of  brood  morea. 

March  31,  At  Hackney,  by  banging  henelf, 
ag«d  4T»  MiJa  E;iicabetii  Bomui. 

At  Standen,  Jale  of  Wight,  aged  7d,  Ann,  vife  of 
Ll«nt.43«i).  Evelegb,  R.  Art. 

At  West-terraee,  QrAngo«road,  Capt.  Thomoa 
Hunter,  lotei  Paynuiter  7th  Dragoon  Goarda,  and 
prevf  ouily  of  tbe  dBth  Foot. 

At  FtlMfu  Hard,  near  Goapori,  Utitmri  Jenklna, 
esq.  tor  many  yean  OnUnoooe  Store  Keeper  at 
thJdplaoe. 

At  Otdswlck,  Maria,  tecond  dan.  of  the  late 

Thomaa  KeightJej,  eaq.  of  Ktwton,  eo.  of  Klldare. 

At  OtNidge  Hoiutt,  Taonton,  MatUda-Pugli,  wife 

of  Gapt.  Matier. 

At  St«jnttbon«e,  J.  Nonock,e«q.  Paymonier  R.N. 

At  Deeping  St.  Jamea,  Uocolnati.  aged  7 1 ,  ^odm 

Fmwiett,  c^). 

£lijuirw3tb-Bonnin,  youngoaft  dau.  of  the  lil«  jobit 
Peter  Rul^'fdeau,  e«].  of  Cheliea. 

At  bumluim,  near  Barton-ofi-Humber,  Jane, 
wife  uf  ,h}hn  Tiiylor,  eaq. 

In  Forcnt-pi.  LeytoQatooe,  Ogod  7J»,  AnnM-ltarUi, 

relict  of  A«  D.  Welrh,  eaq.  of  SiiarMhrook,  Ejunx, 

In  Cadogon-pl.  after  a  very  Miort  lUneai,imed 


U.  G«o«  Wblttom,  e«|.  Olifef-Clerk  in  the  PriToie 

Bill  Qflke,  Honae  of  Commonit  i  und  nepbcw  of  the 
lots  Oeorge  WMttam,  esq.  formerly  «  Clerk  of 
the  JoamoLf. 

Uareh  n.  At  OUfton,  aged  d9,  Elisabeth,  widow 
of  John  Acranian,  caq. 

At  Sprinicfield,  Mnidstonc.  aged  7fi,  Oathrrinc, 
rdict  (tf  Willwini  Biil:^ron,e,<k), 

A«eii  r>2.  Samuel  Foster,  wai  of  Kcnalngton- 
^ore,  iind  Iritc  of  Feuohairh-st. 

At  Little  Che^el,  SautLampton,  aged  74,  Uiaa 
Catherine  Hule, 

Solomon  Jucoh»,  esq.  of  Great  Alie^st. 

At  CoUiuupton,  aged  CA,  llr,  Frederick  Leleh. 
MiUcitor. 

In  Ena*lolgh-st  Tavistock -«q,  aged  79,  Thomaa 
HiJl  Mortimer,  esq,  of  the  Albany,  And  Kilbnni 
Priory. 

At  Micklegatc,  York,  aged  fld,  Robert  B.  Pearc«, 
esq.  o(  Gray'iHinu,  barrutter.  He  woa  eddied  to 
tlie  !«ir  Nov.  I«,  18HR,  and  pructSw^  af  ai}ieci«1 
pkM  ■'.'.■::;  ,r. 

^^  i-,a,eldeatdaii 

of!i  ijijeri«nd,Lim 

Ajfua  iu,  uuAUi.'Ui,  rtiJi;t  ut  Lilword  Warmald. 
eaq.  of  Cawuo<i  CoAtle. 

Matehia.  At  Buruluun*  Somerftetahlre,  aged 
GO,  Harriet,  wife  of  John  Allen,  eaq. 

Al  Leedi,  aged  85,  Emma,  dau.  of  John  Atkin- 
son, Oiftq.  of  Eiwt-fiaipadf . 

AtBr^*:^:  ■•    .     ' -'    •  ■  •      '■  " 

AgcdiJ-^  and. 

At  Dub.  wtiof 

tbe  late  Uui  cl-il  ijirniv\,ir!>i[,  oi  Luihv  ni'jmi.  Antrim. 

At  Bognor,  aged  7«,  Martha,  relict  uf  Rii  hard 
Haaler,  esq. 

At  Trcgiintcr,  Brocnr^  "  '■  i  Maria,  eldeat 
dan.  ami  co-heire.Hsi  of  r  i  llughta,  e»q. 

At  l'p|«?r  He*rent-6f  .ubetli,  r«Uct 

of  T '    "  •  '^rSaaon,  fccM,.  ,„  o-uui  Croiton. 

i  of  Tbomaa  I'ordoe,  eaq,  of  Qttti 

Mij  I  i  :y  uf  KiddBriain«t«r. 

A  ii,agod83,  A-i'  1  w    -i.   ...It     f 

J"-  ilami,  M.D.  fni 

ell!  HJ    JtCT.    JOK  1  r 

Triui..»  i.nu.vu,  Coventry,  ttoiu  ♦  •  •.!  u.  inn. 

At  Ncthercotc,  Rom  Aab,  Iierron,  aged  'J«,  WU- 
Uam  Tanner,  esq. 

At  i  V.I  r-i,..  o  cavnn,  aged  Sl»,  Horrtett, 
w\f  *. moti*  esq, 

^  Wyatt,  of  Oxford,  one  of 

March  M.  At  tiradtey  rectory,  nisar  Aahbuuni, 
Derbyihbw,  aged  69,  Cupt.  Thomoi  Arcber,  U.K. 
fomtii  son  of  Thomaa  Arcber,  eaq.  Mount  John,,  co. 
WIcklow,  Ireland.  He  entered  the  ncrvfec  1^01. 
waa  made  Lieutemaut  I^Oti,  and  served  fur  fifteen 
yean  on  fhll  pay; 

In  Cbapel-at.  I*ark>lane,  aged  70,  John  FuaaeU, 
o«q.  of  Kuoney  Oourt,  SofDOTBetihlre. 

At  Elm  Villa,  Batberleigh,  CUfford  Brooke  llol* 
liuflheod,  e«q. 

At  Elaatinga,  aged  37,  Mary  Ann,  wii^  of  Robert 
HtighO!!  Matthewa,  en-  *>f  Cavtndiab^oad,  St. 
JoimiVwood. 

At  Bamea,  aged  Sft,  Aognata,  aacond  dan.  of 
WiUUm  Chairen,  of  tStreathooi'MU,  and  wUb  of 
T,  C.  Hetbloy,  of  Fern  Lodge. 

At  MUlon,  aged  M,  Lonlaa,  the  ddoit  aurvivlng 
dan.  of  the  lute  Ilev.  Franirts  Montgomery. 

Ar  I,  Helen,  wife  of  Henry  Hwanibo- 

rt»u  iwond  dau,  of  tlio  Uev.  J.  W, 

Jon<  I  liuivh   Biout^liton,  and  Inctim- 

bent  uf  Su-uptuiJ ,  ''  ■  ' 

At  ItrfKiklyn,  >  nn  A»ptnwal1,  wife 

of  I^wbt  Tappan ,  '  i  of  Col.  AtpliiKiall, 

Cunntil  of  the  Unittil  SULc^  al  l40iidon. 

M>trch  ib.  At  Cifcnf^ier,  C-aniilbi,  tlau*  fif 
Seymour  Allen,  eiiq.  of  Cresat^Ily ,  PeiiiibrMUeXhirB, 

In  Brighton,  tkgvi  59,  John  I 

At  Finehley,  agofl  7),  John  i  i, 

Ajjed  2P,  Fanny-Caroline,  ^f  tbt 

Rev.  FrwL  tJortance,  Hector  ol  t  "IwmK,  iieref. 

At   Hcnley-in-Arden,  Wjirwickahire,   agetl  M^, 


504 


Obituary, 


I^ 


PcnclQ;i«,  younfje^it  survivinffrt&u.  Df  J«col>  Elton, 
eMl.  liile  of  WithHTu. 

In  Tuniu^^ton-N*!  injeU  4«,  F.dwjira  HerbMrt Fitit- 
Uerbert*  vi^\.  M.A.  of  the  liuiiT  Temjilf,  iKirrUti^r- 
at'taw,  Hf  vrnf  ctLlled  to  the  Imr,  Miiy  7,  1»35, 
and  wenl  this  We-^lem  circuit. 

Al  I'ltiiiff  vicnrflifti,  flgC4}  Tim,  linryt  wifo  of  the 
Bev.  W.  L,  r,  trftmuns- 

Auod  77,  Ilichnnl  Httlktt.  esij.  of  Won<lfor*1» 

At  WfiocIbrtilgCt  ftgwl  93,  Ann,  r«»lk*t  nf  Tliumii* 
How  (one  of  tho  Society  of  FiiendM).  SIic  liotilcd 
In  London  about  sixty  ycnra  ago,  and  for  nenHy 
forty  yenrs  dtnoied  lierself  most  cnci'^etiicaUy  lo 
wnrkMJf  Hmrlly  andiniblic  ulilily.  Sli*  uriurinuteil 
many  Institutions  for  the  Iwneflt  of  fcnnilos,  und 
tntei-e^ted  lieri«Jf  woriuly  on  iM-lmlf  of  tbe  tjrjkhjins 
of  Sftilnr*  and  soldiers.  Itetiring  to  Jier  njilive 
t&wn  nboul  Mjventcen  yeai-a  ago,  Mrs.  How  pur* 
sued  llie  iiime  course  of  piety  and  benevoluticv, 
denying  Ucrsi-lf  &1I  1iixarit2«f  and  many  eomfoTt.'s, 
for  the  salt e  of  lier  nufferlng  fellow-creatUR'*. 

At  Clifton,  near  BrlMtol,  iigud  74,  iienry  Lccto. 
fl«},  nf  Thrapston. 

At  Ijinaijoime-road,  Notting-hUl,  Mary,  dan.  of 
the  lute  Saiuuel]  Markland,  e!iq.  of  Lcice^tur,  and 
niece  of  the  lAtfi  Will  lam  LhiwooJ,  ©**!►  of  Fort>'- 
im,  Enfield. 

At  HammeranUh,  LaaLsn,  wifeof  Wm.  Topbani, 
esq.  late  of  Mortlukc. 

At  tbe  Mount,  York,  ojged  M,  Mrn.  TownKbeiid, 
ulster  of  riie  kte  and  aunt  or  t]»e  present  Sir  W.  M. 
Hflner^  Uari.  Slie  wsl'*  Loui.^-Suriih,  third  dam. 
of  Sir  WiUiftin  the  !»ccond  Baronet,  by  Eliiubcth, 
dan*  and  cobt^lr  uf  the  liur.  rits^rge  Mordaunt, 
jotmgflr  brother  to  Cbark>«  KuH  of  PetetlH»rougfi. 
me  woa  marrfetl  in  I7wt>  to  tlie  Very  Rev.  Edwiird 
Townsliond,  1».D.  Ekniti  of  Wlndwr,  nephew  to 
CImrlcs  first  MartiuoAs  Town*liend. 

At  the  Consent  of  Mercy,  tkinnondiicy,  aged  36, 
HlisO.  ZbuiDer,  one  of  the  sii^t^r^  of  ttte  convent, 
under  the  imme  of  H.  Xavlcr. 

Uarch  aC,  AiTi d  h7.  Catherine.  VkUlciw  of  Ed- 
ward Ar  i  ■  'u:rly  of  Muid^tont'. 

At  lllll  I'j^  1 1ioraiiv»  Ibiylijy,  ewj. 

Atl'ft'i!       .  J,  Jklujor  tieorge  ,**now  Ulun* 

dell,  lat<- 1  j  lU.    'J-t  Ik  Mfjftl  N.l, 

At  Brouiiitrm<r»fe*c.  aK*n\  hiy,  Hargiiret,  widow 
of  J'lirmiu^  l>avidson,  M.I^. 

In  I'mnee,  aged  31,  Aotbony,  cldo«t  him  of  tbo 
late  Aiithuny  Edmonds,  e»m.  of  Lo\ford,  Kv*ex^ 

At  bla  father's,  in  Tliayer-nt.  ujgeA  2<i,  AnguntU!^ 
Gran  I,  v^iq.  j^nrtfoou. 

At  Kcui^ingtoTj,  William  Inc©,  esq,  of  South- 
ampton-NtTe<'l,  Strand. 

At  Rydt%l.W.,  Sutherland  Maekenjtle,  e*q*  of 
l^inhurjy[li. 

At  Kotting-Llll-terrat'L*,  after  18  year*.*  Ulne^i, 
aged  43,  MiM^  Harriet  Xiin  AbidDckji. 

A{?(h1  to,  Williatn,  fourth  <ion  of  'J'lioiiu«  Miles, 
CJMj,  of  |[ur«tbourne,  near  Aadover. 

At  the  hon!.e  of  hor  son-in-law,  11.  II.  Ilulhert, 
AM).  Itavi/t-s,  imed  7».  CiiarJotta,  r«Hct  of  Imuic 
BiMhleigh  R-ach,e.«^i. 

In  Ob^uuiestcr-roflit,  Rej.fcnt'»-pftrk,  ITenrj-  Cbas, 
ILIeliordN,  CHI. 

At  lUiUkauii>ton,  n^jed  »2,  D<'imo,  relict  of  Hjury 
Salmon ,  cai]. 

March  27.  At  Llanifattoclc  Place,  Brecon iblre, 
mge\]  :i%  Hugh  IliUon  Bradaliaw,  e^j.  Into  oif  the 
nth  Hn*>«nr^. 

Aued  .'»K,  \N  jltldui  ShlEilon  Broxi-uing,  esq.  of 
of  ,Sijdt]ifb.dd-biir>,  and  LanKlcy-marsh,  Uuek,**. 

At  LiiMerwurth,  *iged  fl2,  SJiiiekbur^h  Cliap- 
tusn,  ejtq. 

Agif*}  M,  Mr.  Gfd»fi«l  Joseph  Oale,  fonnerly  of 
NrningtrHi,  Surrey*  .ntry;epTi, 

At  roIkoHloiie/jktftd  711,  liichartt  IfrdMJny,  eM^. 
for  uinny  vpath  u  iiutiriMtndo  ^iffbat  lo^rt. 

A'-'  1  ■■■  '  r<' iif  Hiiniiiel  Mur»tinl1,  e?u|. 
t'  I  dan.i*f  the  hilr  TUnoUiy 

-'^-    " u  ...^.  i.,iji)iKfU'id,  Surrey,  n^rnl  m4, 

Mn.  klorrrlt. 


At  CAmberweU,  aged  74,  Doreait,  wife  of  G< 
WaicHtafT,  cjtq.  hito  of  Olney,  Buekt. 

Afanh  *iEH.    At  rort**a,  n'r.nd  40,  Charka 
field,  «>M\.  of  Ijondon. 

At  Dartmouth,  Mrtry-Ann,  widow  of  *r*  tt. 
nott.  cai- 

At  Clieltonhaui,  CImrlotte,  relict  of 
GoniynH  Cole.eisq.  of  MUbwuTie  St.  Andrew, 
in  MiUon-st.  Don»Bt-Mi,  aged  3fi,  Frank  ' 
esq,  formerly  of  Bombay. 

in  London,  Lioiit.-C(d,W,  Gimeron  Forbea, 
At  Dover,  .aged  73,  Samtnl  Filter,  ©sq,  form 
of  Stonebill  Houtte,  Kgerton. 

At  Itoerteld.  Clilheroe,  a^csl  78,  Jnrotnifth 
iiett,  sen,  e*i, 

At  Havre,  Aujifustiv-Otway,  wife  of  Gupt.  G<* 
aytli  Kefft.  of  Kreucli  Infmitn%»«*ld**M-  *»'  *•'« 
ThoniiLs  Itarfoot  Obvor.eiq.  fonnerly  of  CIim 
Hull,  Leic. 
At  Wefcton  pAtrlck,  aged  7»,  Oeorge  fJr^n*, i 
At  Nc\ve-ARtle-«iK>u-.Tyue,  age-l  74,  iMkliella, 
isu nixing  dan.  of  tbe  Uto  TI«»ioa^  Kn*er»t>u  III 
lam,  c-«(i,  of  rrttte-ibead. 

At  Plymouth,  Mr^,  Locke.rcltct  of  Dr  S.  !*« 
D.D.   and  ^^iNter  of  Major -Gun.  PerfitB,  VIM 
Army. 
At  Liveri»ol,  Aleiuiuder  Reld  Seott,  e-q. 
In   Alhion-Kitroet,  Hyde-park,  Iflluihetl] 
younger  dan.  of  the  late  Joaunh  tiotiert*^ 
Camberwell. 
In  ManchcKter'-t  .itred  ^X  Mf«,  SuowUalM-, 
Marrh'J^^.     A  i,u»»  Ami*itmng, 

of  Ciarcmont-i 
In  Funingdi  II  IJ^ullin,  c^y 

At  Brighton,  lhou4j*  AIi>tt  CaIoq,  <m*i, 
At  South seji,  FraiiL'ea.reUet  of  Itlrhxrtl 
esti,  of  Tialhiii.itv.  .■..,  WVvfnril, 

I  Uomn*  G^ldaril* 

1 

^      '  1 1 ,  wife  of  Hiamaa  < 

nc}',  t;.-Ji.  id  t^-iUjii-vilJjtj,  £dgeWAre>nia<l. 
Mary,  ^i^ife  of  Jobti  Geor^'  HAininock,  tm 

Ltw<5x  lIou>e,  Bow-roatU 
At  liit^iinKs,  Elliott,  wite  of  Gavin  llanllfi, 

of  Bhukheath. 
At  CnriAbrnuke,  i.W.  a^6n,  tfenrr  (tardy,  t 
At  YeoLmpton,  Devon.  TbomaM  llolberton,  e 
At  Spalding,  a«ed  G3,  TbtxipbUiia  Falrftuc  Jci 

lun,  ejki.  one  of  \wi-  MiiJ._'>iv^  ui-ll'-">  of  th* 

and  do|)uty-1i('i 

of  the  llev.  ^] 

Ft','      Hull,    Kvr' 

vl.  • 
1^ 

Ih 

thi'      ,1 

of   I..III-- 

Arm*-,  .i 
Willni^i 


tH 


-   '   ^' I,.     II 4j  >cncd  UiL  tilUie  ( 

111  !ii»v  lu  ]Hi'j,    He  marrtnl 

CM  uii.l  ^Ati  heir  of  Sleph«n  Vt<n_ 

*iii'  I  svoll,  Surrey,  and  uloee  ia  i 

M    irr,  r).IX  Rector  oi  5|«lilln|;, 

left  I'^Mic  Jill  (Hilly  son. 

At  WiiK-liester,  Itary,  wife  of  Launecloc  1 
comb,  OM\, 

At  Charlton  King'.sGIouc  rimd  to,  JuhFi  W 
home  Lovi'isy,  of  Coxhome. 
In  Hyde-ii>iirk-?i(i,  .lijed  f^ 
ofGen,  tiui  Hon.  Hohert  M^ 
V\  .  W.  DrAlliiig,  lloit,  of  ICiij 
She  wa*  tlie  dan.  of  the  late  -■ 
wft"  ntirricd  in  isw,  and  i 
h:i' ■       "  -1,10  a  numermr-.  (muiv. 

1"*  ParVer,  r^q    nf  Snftnn  <%rnt4 

I  I 


til 

Whirn,    I 

w)iA  ro'< 
eery,  U>  i 
maiiH  vri'M^  <!' 
t'Imrch  of  Top*  i 


(8 


185a] 


Obituary. 


56^ 


I 


III  OK!iatmreh*»t.  RegentVpork,  aged  92^  Y^U 
LUui  Henry  Thorn  itaon,  M.D. 

Mardi  m.  At  HoitinsB,  Bgtsd  1*4.  Elljtal«lli, 
wife  of  Walter  I>.  A]l«n,^sq.  of  lUchmuml,  Surrty, 
ftnti  Koeond  dau,  of  Jimie»  Tasaell,  cwi.  of  risrfy 
Court,  Wyf. 

At  lib  tttiluT'ft,  Bur>'  Si.  EkliJiiHur*,  ftgoJ  21* 
Alfred  LaiiisTvrrel^  son  of  J.  L.  Bnlt.'htT»ta4j*  liitc 
of  Brand  i»tti  u  I  laJ  I ,  Nt>rful  k . 

At  tit)uil!iur(^t,  Kent,  Oikw  Miller,  cati. 

At  SouthauqitoD,  aged  m,  Maryi  relict  of  Alex- 
Auder  Patterson,  t^,  Itita  of  SoathJHca*  lUnU 

KleoQur,  youni^e?it  dun.  of  I'alpli  A.  TliirknevH?, 
CM).  MX. 

At  Foot*s  Cray,  a«tMl  S'a,  Anne,  widow  of  If  enc- 
age Twyadeu,  v^i  (brotlier  to  Sir  William  Twy^- 
doii,  lJurt.)  iind  Mvnnd  daiu  of  tIiL<!  late  Sir  John 
Dixon  Dykd,  Bairt,  of  Lullintr*tonc  Cu^itle,  Kent, 
by  Plilltulelphia-Pajnxo*  diiii-  of  (.it'oryo  nomt\  of 
Eiwt  Griimtead,  caq,  St>o  was  mjirrlal  in  l?4na, 
and  left  u  widow  without  ebildtwi  in  IH'iG, 

At  Lcwnington,  Agml  2U,  Caroline,  youuj^ivit 
dAU^bt^r  of  tlio  late  Capt.  Kmncis  Warren,  ^Jtli 

March  31 .  At  York-terr.  Ilegent'e-pk.  Frunce^- 
Jaji«,  dau.  of  tbu  lata  John  Abemetliy,  <i^q.  1- JLS. 

At  Tiwrton^  &urafa,  yoimgeiit  difLu.  of  the  lute 
Bernard  Bealy»  mq.  formerly  CoUeetor  of  Ufc  Cus- 
lomj  of  Exetor. 

Jo  PicciuUUy,  Lieut.-Gcn.  (Sart^^Tight,  Bcn^til 
Army. 

Aged  tS,  Emuia-Mart^arcHtA,  i«Pcond  juulyoong" 
mt  dan.  of  tba  late  Hlp^lit  lion.  Luni  Cliief  JiuUco 
Dolwaty. 

At  Weykill,  near  Andovor,  Tbomaa  Gale,  e«q. 

Ageri  Htl,  fclnianucl  Go<.Nlliart.  f^i.  of  tangky* 
park,  Hcckenliuni,  Rent. 

At  Uaklanth,  Vk  torUi-pftrk»  agwl  li,  ClmrlgttC, 
eigUtli  dau.  of  Juiu<?-?*  Iver-*ba\i',  c-u\,  IIJ', 

At  GlyiiclydaclK  near  Neaili,  uj^ed  i7,  Rcbcccm, 
vouDg^  and  laat  suniving  dau.  of  John  Bow- 
undi  etM|. 

In  Orait  HuAsoU-At.  Btoosnjibury,  F.lbea-Ifcnrt' 
etta,  wife  of  ThoTni-  i  .t.i  .,m   ..^^.  DarUnKton. 

£<i(p/tf.    In  Sr<.i  I  aijltiwDorotby 

CImrlottu  Bea  for^  I .  I  tite  Vlce-Adailml 

Bodiwl*  tif  StQudli^..,  . ^JTfO. 

Al  Cttniwftlliii-crijscenI ,  Ciilioa,  Qg«d  6a,  Pitrick 
Qxvluin,  CAq. 

Mijor  Jiuuej)  Klve&  Uore,  on  tlio  retired  lint, 
He  wu  A  Imv^e  aiud  ai«tlii4niti)i^'l  onic<;r,  foui^'ht 
under  Lord  Gochnuie  (Uic  Earl  of  Dundonaid), 
and  tmd  a  peniiim  of  lOOf.  per  luiimm  for  wounds 
received  in  tbe  Jtcnico. 

BovCt  wife  of  the  Ilev.  K.  B,  Lompct,  Vlear  of 
Grftit  BanWeld, 

Aged  &3,  Mr.  Jameii  Little,  a  bachelor,  of  Chow- 
b«it,  nisar  Wiifan.  Aftor  liis  death  Im-rc  sura*  of 
money  were  fbimd  accreted  hi  aitTerenl  jtart**  of 
tiie  lioiue  wrajfped  in  ni«v  aud  pa^jcr,  aiuountrng 
to  near  !t,000/.  in  ^Ineioftt  sovercignt.  note^,  aiid 
uilTer,  and  a  great  aumber  of  watcbc*.  and  ailvcr 
plate,  llio  hottw  wna  crowded  with  funilturts 
Ac.  of  all  dc«crii)>tioiii.  Tlio  doceaced  li\f<fd  by  hlin- 
seir,  without  aervatit,  a  dlctajit  female  relative 
going  occaaionaUy  to  clean ,  i^^.  Tlie  likilk  of  bin 
property,  which  la  landf  hoiuea,  ike.  will  go  to 
some  balf  coiuiin«  In  YorkAlike.  Some  days  alter, 
on  toaking  an  iii\>entory  of  the  gooda  for  lale*  and 
exmmJiLLng  an  old  dark  room  roll  of  liiiaaber,  an 
addltlona]  itim  of  upwanU  of  dOOf.  In  gold,  In  old 
rac*!  corered  with  chlr^,  waa  found.  Rt:  wa^  tli« 
laat  mrrivor  of  a  tainily  who  were  atwayB  notoH- 
iiui  for  Uieir  iwnnrioiiM  habit». 

April  \.  At  Plymouth,  aigcd  GO,  S.  3>  Bajti^tt, 
eiuj .  late  of  St.  Kscada. 

At  Birkenlicud,  Cbe!ihire,agfid  Tfi.Sellna-MrtrU, 
rf  bet  of  Li.  Col,  Batea,  and  dan.  of  Sir  lUibert 
Waller,  Bart.  po.  Tipiicrary. 

At  Tiverton,  near  Batii,  the  re^denev  of  her 
brotiier-Sn-law  Mr.  Buoce,  aged  7&,  IHone** 
Brewer,  grand-^tlau.  of  Uie  lato  Jltrv.  4h}bn  lludte- 
■tone.  V  Icar  of  KcUton,  and  aUo  of  tbe  late  Arch- 
dctcon  Htidl&it4)n«.  Wella. 


At  B«rti»taple,  IfUa  Bndd«  distcr  of  R.  Btidd,  esq* 

At  Liverpool,  ag<d  ^1,  William  Cbkxton,  essq. 

At  Bromley,  Middle^eit,  n«ed  2*.  Murj'-Jane, 
wife  of  W.  .r.  Coffey,  n^i. 

At  CoUnahayis  Bruton,  agiHl 'i3,Gltri!»tinsi<i'ttx, 
fuorth  and  younge»«t  tbiu.  of  tbe  bktf  I£ev.  John 
Dampler. 

At  Suntiioinptou,  (tctii,       "       1   '     inb,  t*c|. 

AtUlU'rtott  Hall,  Clu-  dipt.  Wni, 

Fiiwdya  liindle,  lute  of  i  on  raiardi, 

of  W<K»d  ti  jU  -purk ,  Lnncji^  1 1  j  w . 

At  Wt?*lVirijn\wlrli,  4«;eiJ  7^+  Mrs,  ShortlioiiMe, 
relict  tjf  Aunnel  Sliortlioniien.  esii.  and  mutber  of 
John  SlKirtlioiise,  t>q,  uianarjrer  of  tlie  Uiulley 
and  Wt'^tljrotnwit'b  Bank. 

At  Knuil\>rd,  Nutljaniel  TbadLli'UA  Simmons,  e^q, 
only  sou  of  tbr  late  Nrttluinici  Kj chard  Siintnoi)«k, 
o?i«i.  of  Croydon, 

At  Uoy.ston,  ngetl  57,  Ricluird  Simpston,  esq,  of 
Lon;^.ft(>w  Ibtll,  Ciuub, 

At  Bnominon,  aged  GS,,  Murj'-Ann,  relict  of  tbe 
lute  Cbarli'it  Sinitbf  o»q.  of  Milton^neixt-Sittiu^- 
boiirne. 

At  flai^tlngs,  SaBumnab-Bctty,  widow  of  Huliert 
Smitb,  e^,  of  kKlng^.Hton,  Surrey,  and  eldest  dnu^ 
of  the  late  George  Letjnnnl  srchunitn,  e^q,  of 
Croydod,  Surrey.  She  Nva*  m;irrietl  in  I  HOT,  and 
left  a  widow  In  IA14,  bavin^^^  had  i^bue  one  son, 
tbe  present  Gtsorge  Stulnuian  Stein nian.esci.  F.S.A, 
and  two  ilauiufliter't* 

At  Down  liouw,  Wcwtbury-upon-Tryra,  aged  76, 
iStchard  Brick  dale  Ward,  esq. 

AptU  2.  At  Ifptuu  Warren  nectory,  4ged  ^1, 
Miaa  Lydbi  BiOIh 

At  Edinburgh,  Jane  Counteaa  dowaiger  of  Caltli- 
HOBS.  Her  ladyship  wiu  the  Aocond  dan.  of  Qene- 
ral  Alexander  Campbell,  of  Balcardlne ;  was  mar- 
ried in  i7B.4  to  JiunM  I2tli  Barl  of  Caltlineas,  and 
was  left  a  widow  in  l^'l\  having  had  Iwue  Hie 
pa«ient  Earl  and  luaTiy  other  cbildren. 

Id  Queen-^i.  Bloomsbury,  aged  iiS,  Mary,  wife 
of  Charles  Devon,  caq. 

At  Itffigwood,  Aged  ^0,  TlioiH.  Dyer,  am.  rargeoii. 

At  llewortb  Lodij;o,  near  York,  agjed  34,  Sep- 
tinnih  Waltor  Hiiayard,  esq* 

At  Boddicott  floui^e.  Oxon,  aged  4C,  £llxa,wlfo 
of  W.  II.  HluhttHk,  estf^.  and  eldest  dau.  of  James 
Crowdy,  e8*|.  of  Hlghwortli,  Wilts, 

At  Worthing,  agetl  65,  Wm.  Morter,  ewj.  sur- 
geon. During  u  »ueec<ii>fLi]  practice  of  upwards  of 
forty  year«>  in  Worthing  lie  had  socturad  and  te- 
rained  a  lio^st  of  friends. 

In  Klng-at,  tinshnry-sq.  aged  86,  Daniel  Lopea 
fN^relra,  esq. 

At  Hanover »  aged  IG,  Oeorge-Ooclirane,  Uilnl 
son  of  Sir  Frederic  Therigcr,  M.P. 

At  ShIpton-on-CherweU,  agetl  9.1,  V.  J.  Tiimer, 

CM]. 

At  Keni>i{nglon ,  aire^l  Vi,  Inward  Waldron^eaq. 
of  Beech  IJotuM'.  LU'lllnouKbton.  Wott% 

ApriiSi.  Ai^enI  t9,  Hol:>ert,  yoimgcMt  son  of  the 
late  Samuel  Campion,  e«tq.  of  luak  Hall,  SleigblAt 
near  Wbitby. 

At  &diibiu7,  aged  Hi,  Wm.  Henry  Coatee,  etiq. 

Al  rAri>,  aged  27.  I*abeUe-Miirie,  wife  of  M, 
Charles  Dcruelle,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Rer.  Henr^' 
Luke  Dillon,  of  Bruges. 

At  Stoke,  aged  7H,  Ann,  relict  of  John  Sheen 
Downea,  esq. 

Al  Castle wood-bouiie.  Punow,  Qneen'iico.  at  Ute 
Mftidencfl  of  her  fMn-ln-law  J,  B.  Pixon,e«q.iigetl 
66,  Harlot-Aiina,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Tlios. 
Cumming,  eaq.  of  No  wry.  cu.  Down,  and  relict  of 
tlte  late  George  Gardner.  c^|.  barrister,  LlneolnS- 
Inn,  and  Birthwaitc  Hall,  W&stnicrland. 

At  Torquay,  aged  79,  Jolm  Cbrtidoplun-  Oapel 
AstmAii  Hiirtland,  esq.  of  raignton,  formerly  of 
New.*'. -,, 

l>  I  Thoinaa  Oeorge  H4»icti,  esq.  of 

Brnii-  !■ 

In  Pjdl  *l 
Hughes,   . 
Htone,  wIki 
trlven  in  oiu  \.u\.  xktx.  \>.  IMO     Slit-  wd-,  iho  iS.jn 


566 


Obituary. 


[May, 


of  Mr.  John  Rassell,  of  Maidstone,  and  was  first 
married  to  Jolin  Alexander  Clarinjybould,  esq. 

At  South-bank,  Regenfs-park,  aged  87,  Mrs.  B. 
Ker. 

At  Warminster,  aged  65,  Frances,  wife  of  George 
Vicary,  esq. 

ApHl  4.  At  Brussels,  Anne  Viscountess  Lake, 
wife  of  Henry  Gritton,  esq.  She  was  the  2d.  dan. 
of  the  late  Adm.  Sir  Richard  Onslow,  Bart.  G.C.B. 
She  became  the  2d  wife  of  Francis-Gerard  second 
Viscount  Lake  in  1833,  was  left  his  widow  in  1836  ; 
and  was  re-married  to  Mr.  Gritton  in  1837. 

At  Norton,  near  Malton,  aged  31,  Henry,  son  of 
the  late  John  Leefe,  esq. 

At  Sandford-terrace,  near  Dublin,  aged  75, 
Mrs.  M'Clelland,  widow  of  Hon.  James  McClelland, 
Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  Ireland,  who  died  in 
1831. 

At  Edinburgh,  Amelia  -  Opio,  twin  dau.  of 
Robert  Na.smyth,esq.  F.R.C.S.E, 

At  Exeter,  aged  48,  Julia-Ann,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
Howell  Jones  Phillips,  formerly  of  Upper  Sey- 
mour-street. 

At  Bath,  Charles-I^attison,  eldest  son  of  Mi^or 
Tinling,  late  of  the  74th  lllt,'hlanders. 

At  Dalston,  aged  08,  Samuel  Tujonan,  esq. 

At  Beaminster,  aged  99,  Wm,  White. 

At  Bath,  aged  24,  Ellen-Jane,  fourth  dau.  of 
Charles  Allen  Young,  esq.  of  Clapham-common, 
and  Southwark,  Surrey. 

AprHh.  At  Hayboum,  Berks,  aged  70,  John 
Armstrong,  esq.  late  of  Pimlico. 

At  Shanganah,  co.  of  Dublin,  Jannet,  wife  of 
Henry  Forde,  esq.  M.D.  of  Dublin. 

At  St.  Leonard*s-on-Sea,  Anne-Catherine,  widow 
of  Col.  Hildyard,  of  Winestead  Hall,  Llncohish. 
and  of  Flintham  Hall,  Nottinghamshire.  She  was 
the  only  daughter  of  James  Whytc,  esq.  by  Anne- 
Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir  Robert  Hildyard  the 
third  Baronet,  of  Winestead,  and  was  heiress  to 
her  uncle  Sir  Robert  Darcy  Hildyard  the  4th  and 
la-it  Baronet,  who  died  in  1814.  She  married 
Thomas  Blackbornc  Thoroton,  esq.  who  assumed 
in  consequence  the  name  and  arms  of  Hildyard, 
and  liad  issue  the  i)rescnt  Mr.  Hildyard  of  Flintham 
Hall,  formerly  M.P.  for  South  Nottinghamshire, 
three  other  .•«ons,  and  four  daughters,  one  of  whom 
is  the  wife  of  Sir  John  Thorold,  Bart. 

At  Boulton,  aged  78,  Catherine,  relict  of  Henry 
Holdsworth,  e.sq. 

In  Stanhope-st.  RegentVpark,  aged  72,  Sarah- 
Ann,  widow  of  John  Kitson,  esq.  of  Woll-st.  Jer- 
myn-st. 

At  Fishl>onme  Lodge,  the  residence  of  her  son- 
in-law  W.  N.  Howard,  e^^q.  aged  83,  Sarah,  relict 
of  Jose])h  Lomer,  esq.  of  Southampton. 

At  Pljnnouth,  aged  77,  Mary-Anne,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  George  Mangles,  late  of  Mutloy  House, 
Devon,  and  only  surviving  dau.  of  Uio  late  Capt. 
Raynor,  R.N. 

The  Hon.  Lucas  Paul  Methuen,  infant  son  of 
Lord  Methuen. 

At  Lcith,  an  old  man  named  Nelson,  who  had 
expressed  a  wihh  that  he  should  be  buried  in  his 
ordinary  clothes.  lYovious,  however,  to  attiring 
him  in  the  usual  wuy,  the  family  he  had  l)eeu 
living  with  examined  his  clotlies,  and  were  not  a 
little  surprised  to  tlnd,  secreted  in  Uie  band  of  his 
drawers,  the  sum  of  300/.  in  notes,  2002.  ht  the 
band  of  his  trousers,  a  bill  for  300/.  within  the 
lining  of  Ills  hat,  and  there  were  otherwise  found 
in  odd  corners  about  his  clothing  sums  amount- 
ing to  126/.— altogether,  926/.  sterling !  These  trea- 
sures were  all  hidden  in  the  clothes  he  wished  to 
be  interred  in. 

At  Strangford  House,  Ireland,  aged  94,  the  Hon. 
Sarali -Henrietta- KlL2Hl)eth  Ward,  dau.  of  Bernard 
first  Viscount  Bangor. 

Aged  82,  H.  I),  Warter,  esq.  of  Cnick  Mcole, 
Salop,  a  deputy-lieutenant  and  magistrate  of  tliat 
county. 

AprU  6.  In  Wim)»ole-st.  aged  34,  Richard  Cham- 
bers, M.D.  Pliysiciiui  to  the  Royal  Free  Hosipltal, 
the  Cancer  Hospital,  the  Dispensary  for  Consump- 


tion and  Diseases  of  the  Chest,  and  tha  Blenhflim- 
street  Dispensary.  He  received  his  diploma  at 
Edinburgh  in  1838,  and  was  for  some  yean  Phy- 
sician to  the  Essex  Hospital  at  Colchester.  A 
coroner's  Jury  returned  for  thehr  verdict,  ••  Tliat 
the  death  of  the  decea.sed  was  caused  by  a  diaeaaed 
heart,  under  the  influence  possibly  of  pmaaic  add 
taken  medicinally." 

At  Brighton,  aged  45,  Fitxherbert  Coddington, 
esq.  late  Major  of  the  40th  Foot. 

In  Chester-st.  Belgrave-sq.  Miss  Donglaa,  last 
surviving  sister  of  the  late  Adm.  John  Eraklne 
Douglas. 

In  the  Close,  Lichfield,  aged  15,  Sophia-Amelia, 
second  dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  Sir  W.  Nigel  Greal^, 
Bart.  Rector  of  Seilo,  co.  Leic. 

At  York,  Anne,  wife  of  George  Home,  esq. 
staff  surgeon. 

At  Langport,  Somerset,  aged  67,  Maria,  widow 
of  Adolphus  Kent,  esq. 

At  Ashprington  rectory,  Devon,  Caroline,  wllb 
of  the  Rev.  Jacob  Ley. 

At  Ludlow,  Francis  Massey,  esq.  alderman  and 
Justice  of  the  peace  for  that  borough. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  66,  Richard  Nason,  eaq. 

At  Sunbuiy,  aged  31,  Matflda,  wife  of  Peter 
llainier,  esq.  K.N.  of  Southampton. 

At  Brighton,  Mary,  widow  of  Jacob  Sims,  etq. 
of  Leytonstone. 

AprU  7.  Sarah-Ann,  youngest  dan.  of  R.  Coles 
Arnold,  esq.  of  WoodviUe,  Gravesend,  and  South- 
church,  Essex. 

Alice-Eliza,  wife  of  Wm.  Stephen  Dew,  esq.  of 
Kennington-green,  Surrey,  and  niece  of  J.  K. 
Clement,  esq.  of  Leytonstone,  Essex. 

In  London,  Frances,  wife  of  Henry  Bernard 
Fitzwilliam,  esq.  of  Paris. 

At  Cowfold,  aged  67,  Fanny,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
Wm.  Gablitas,  Rector  of  Kodmill,  Sussex. 

At  Naples,  aged  69,  Charles  Hill  Hall.  esq.  of 
West  Wickham,  Kent. 

In  Canonbury-sq.  Islington,  aged  78,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  Henry  Swann  Lowe,  esq.  formerly  of 
Devizes. 

At  Portsmouth,  aged  84,  Catherine- Worsam, 
relict  of  Gen.  Frederick  MaJtland.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  John  PnttQohn,  esq.  of  Barbados,  was 
married  in  1790,  and  left  a  widow  in  1848,  having 
had  i.ssue  the  late  Capt  John  Madan  Maltland, 
Major  Fred.-Thomas  Maitland,  and  two  daughters, 
the  widow  of  Capt  Thomas  Qarth.  R.N.  and  the 
late  Mrs.  Donald  Maclean. 

At  Grove-hill,  Gamherwell,  aged  20,  MarU- 
Louisa,  wife  of  Charles  Pearce,  eaq.  of  ths  Stock 
Exchange,  and  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wrench, 
Vicar  of  Salehurst,  Sussex. 

At  Stowe-hill,  near  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  aged  76, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Pollen,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Geoige 
Pollen,  Rector  of  Little  Bookham,  Surrey. 

Aged  %b,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Walter  Powdl,  esq. 
of  Park-walk,  Chelsea. 

At  Dover,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Capt.  Louis  Augus- 
tus Robinson,  R.N.  and  only  surviving  child  of  the 
late  John  Clayton,  esq.  of  Kippax. 

At  Balgownio  Lodge,  Aberdeenshire,  Maigaret, 
wife  of  Alexander  Robcnrtson,  esq. 

Aprils.  At  Stanhopc-terr.  Uyde-park-gardena, 
aged  65,  Tltomas  Forbes  Bentley,  esq.  son  of  the 
lato  Tliomas  Forbes,  esq.  of  Clifton,  formerly  in 
the  Bengal  Civil  Service. 

Dr.  Black  well,  of  Dunleer,  one  of  the  coroners 
for  the  county  Loutli.  He  was  found  dead  in  his 
bed,  having  retired  to  rest  on  the  previous  night 
in  his  usual  health  and  spirits. 

At  the  Beach,  near  Macclesfield,  aged  64,  Mi^or 
Brooksbank. 

At  Plymoutli,  aged  55,  John  Burnett,  esq. 

At  Bitteswell  House,  aged  77,  Elizabeth,  relict 
of  Abraham  Caldccott,  esq.  of  Rugby  Lodge,  and 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  Marriott,  of  Cottesbach 
rectory,  I^tc.  Her  remains  were  removed  for  In- 
terment in  the  fiunily  vault  at  Ruglnr. 

At  Hackney,  aged  66,  Mary,  wife  of  Thomas 
Dean,  esq. 


1853,] 


Obituaey. 


567 


At  Brighten,  a^fod  74,TliomAi  FreeiOAti,  maq. 

At  Humsif^te,  aged  ^T^  Fmntea-Trftprltt,  reUcI 
of  I'hemias  Jctffer1e«,  c«t*i.  of  S^^lDClfln,  Wilbi. 

In  NkiioLf-flQ.  Bgie^i  Ti,  llr.  Jamcci  Arctier  LtUer, 
muny  ji^an  a.  netikleiit  of  VViiltliAins^tow. 

At  CSiHiiiAfttrrti  CulliertM,  (iftli  dan.  of  the  ficv. 
John  Mortfttfit  formerly  ftector  of  tiiat  porbJl. 

At  Biild(»ak,a£)ed  fta^Jolm  Pr^cMr^eAi,  «lil£$tson 
of  .fcihn  lurd  Pry  or,  ^j,  of  CUj  Hull,  Herts, 

At  Koyston,  ft4f©a  .'i7,  iliclsAiril  SImiivon,  esq*  oi 
Long^ttcm  UaII,  C;«tiib. 

.^p/i/  u.    Agod  r.o,  wmiftm  OUv<a-  CoJt,  P*a.  of 

ilowrobaQu.  ilantii>. 

Suddenl}',  irhys  oil  a  n«lt  to  Ids  tffoUi^  at  MMd- 
i-lonc,  t^egrve  Goofier,  bb^«  of  CuveralinTJi,  OxO'H, 
I^vlTi^  l.^i  ('Tdhlrett  to  liuufldt  their  tmly  prkn;tit.. 

At  Ef^tati,  Mjirr,  wife  of  Mr,  Fraxiclifs  Iloggvnli  t 
utid  fin  thQ  1 0th  Mr,  FnmcU  Iloorgiirtti,  lior  hut- 
Imiul,  Tholr  united  akcji  auioiinte^  to  It;^  J-tnrip 
ami  they  hmJ  bcien  niiUTkMl  to  e;it'h  otUor  tor  tiny- 
s^yc-a  ycirs .  Thuf  irere  Itotli  iiitftmsl  1  n  otia  gr&te 
tn  Egtan  chiLrchyiinili, 

At  Bailing  Mbnii,  Hunta,  Henry  tfurI<ion«  eni. 

At  Iiii^thi({!^,  D^^  N,  IlAfrfot,  ruMct  of  Gkiu-l^a 
LilIiii;;»fton,  ewj,  of  Stiroug^htj^m  OUftuntrytSnirolk. 

A I  Ffjlpliam^  SnJMtiA^  rlarnes  LamnK,  ein^.  eldest 
son  of  tbe  lure  llcut.-Gcn,  Loniu;. 

At  CamtxirwelU  oi;^  "^6*  3itiiiaBiii  relict  of  John 
MuIMns^,  e^|.  of  lioit,  WUt«(, 

At  AV^yniontth,  Frederick  PfurndljC«q.  Htiiliot 
hlEnHclf  through  tlie  hc^d  with  a  plsfbal. 

Agixl  A6»  Jowph  Kogflrs,  ewi*  of  Areloy  llon«ei 
Staarport,  Wore, 

At  Frankfort,  BvoaeM  AdcIaJde,  tlic  wifo  of 
Jknin  Glurle«  do  ItotJischilil. 


At  BoTEttoiit,  CO.  Wexford,  IrelADd,  J<)hrb  Watrd, 
e#q.  formerly  of  Fiil[&Rt«kd,  Kcnt. 

A/nilO,  At  Hnalar  Hoipitulp  Ihr.  JaiiiCi>  An- 
derion*  M^cUcal  Insipector  ot  Horspitjils  ftfia  Fleets, 

At  tJie  T'lcai'utfii,  Luij^^iitOTi  {luj^icanilt  ut^  l€| 
AnTiti,  dtva.^  of  the  lute  Chark«  lUurkbunip  esq. 
formerly  of  thu  ftoyiil  KaTjil  College,  PortamoTith, 

At  Scr&fEon  Lodgc%  nuar  Hiddlt^h^m^  Fruiee^t 
reliot  of  Jijiie^  Croft  Brctoke^  &n,  of  LittIethorp«i, 
uearKlpon, 

Age^l  64,  Joseph  A.  B^i^^^t  ft^i.  J.!'.,  Ujildou, 

At  Btidlcigh  SnltertoDf  ogtKl  74^  George  GlmiH- 

At  Ksiinhurgh,  James  ShiMt  Docut,  e*i,  W.S, 

At  the  firovo,  neor  A>hboufnOf  (leorj^atia'Anne,. 
relict  of  njflJp  flpll,  e.*q.  of  Hopion, 

At  Hilde^i,  manT  PortsiMf  u^&I  ^"i^  FAlward  Hnrte, 
QMi.  late  SuperJiitcmdeut  of  the  TlrdiiaJic^  Deput' 
tn<!nt,  Jlil't^a. 

At  BroiiiI(?y  CoUefc,  Kent,  ai^ed  m,  Ann,  reUet 
of  tliA  UoT,  John  WllK>ti,<if  Kcwendtfii,  Kent^ 

^;'ri/  11.  At  Great  Bartfleld  Lodge,  Efi«»L, 
age^l  7:^,  Miltj,  reUci  of  Stqf-geoD  Nairn  Briiw^^tet, 
esMi.  of  Whm  NtJtlcy  Sfall, 

AgfHl  (U),  Jwteph  Chsaold,  Eisq.  of  thd  Sleek  ^- 
chaikgQt  Aod  Pppcr  7'iLli!H.^-liilK 

At  Liverpool,  Aged  3^,^  Ilunfiatk-Mtiry,  ddodl 
dun.  of  liietmrd  BathtKmOi  ew^. 

At  rFmimi  Floec,  Smaax^  m^  14,  WmfRiai 
StATifonl,  t»iitt. 

At  herHon-iu-Uw'**  W*  H,  Dr«w,e«n.  St.  John's, 
WivkuTifvJd,  HfirHett,  rcaSct  of  Gwrg«  WUmh,  mu. 

JpnJ  It.  At  Gheliea,  o^d  ^»  John  Bain* 
ttddige,  eaq*  lJM«  of  SarUiy-at,  CBYendlfllt-wi. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 


Deaths  lUf  iatered 

^1 

Week  endiiif 

Sftturdftft 

UiKteri  15  to 

GO  and     Age  noi 

Total. 

Males. 

Petnalei* 

15.  1   eo. 

upwards. '  specified. 

f£ 

Mttrch     U  . 

598 

420 

284           19 

1  inn 

mr 

034 

1480 

April         2  . 

719 

595 

419     1       15 

1748 

B6I 

887 

1904 

,,        9  ^ 

621 

411 

307             1 

1310 

703 

635 

1591 

,,      16  . 

aaa 

419 

E47          n 

I23G 

mt 

554 

IG79 

.,      23  , 

540 

SS5 

2U            U 

11811 

ei» 

370 

UHQ 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORK,  Amii- 22. 


Wheat. 
i.    d. 

44  10 


Barley* 
a,  d. 
31    11 


Oata. 
a,    d. 
19     0 


Rye, 
29  10 


#.    if. 

34     li 


Peat. 
t.    il. 

33   y 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Apwi.  22, 
Sisiiei  Pockets r  &r  hi,  to  6/.,(lt.^fC<-nt  Pocketa,  5i.  ht,  to  Si.  0*. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  AraiL  22. 

Hay,  3/.  5ji,  to  4^  1^, —Straw,  1/.  6f.  to  \L  12i,^Clo?er,  ;il,  10* ,  to  5/,  5f , 
SMITHFI  ELD,  Aphil  22.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  atone  of  81bs. 


Beef*. 3#. 

Mutton  .....  ,.,,,,  4». 

Veal 3f. 

Pork ,3#* 


^iL 

to  4t. 

id. 

^d. 

toht. 

id. 

u. 

to  4«. 

Bd, 

Of/. 

to4f. 

2f/, 

Head  of  Cikit\c  at  Market,  April  13. 

BcastH. 4,0D2    Catves  IB8 

Sheep  and  Lam bi    26,4tfO    Pigs      305 


COAL  MARKET,  APAiLi2. 

Walla  Euda,  &c.  13^.  M.  tu  25^.  Gii.  per  toti.     Olber  sorts,  14i.  Gif.  to  25#.  a<f. 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.^TQwn  TaMgw^  4S«.  M,     Yellow  Rouia,  AB*.  %d. 


568 

METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Strand. 

From  March  26,  to  April  25,  1853,  both  inclusive. 


Fttliieiiheit's  Tberm. 


ai 


Mar. 
2<i 
27 
28 


s 

o 


a^ 


32  '  39 
:i5  AS 
40     46 

29  ;  37  '  46 

30  38  ;  52 

31  46  1  54 
50  ;  54 
50  55 
49  49 
53  i  59 
5t  58 
50 
50 


A.I 
2 
3 
4 


in.pts. 

32  29,  9t 

41  30,  03 

34  ,11 

34  ,09 

40  29,  75 

47  ,67 


Weather. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm 


m 


lap  ^ 


6 

7 

8  1  46 

9  43 
10  I  49 


59 
56 
41 
46 
55 


45 
46 
49 
51 
60 
52 
46 
38 


,  36 
,68 
,  62 
,74 
,83 
,91 
,86 
,  93 


41>  30,  26 
46       ,05 


fair,  cloudy 
do.do.snw.rn. 

|do.  do. 
do.  do. 

;do. 

do.do.hvy.rn, 
do.  heavy  rain 
Ido.  cldy.  rain' 
|cldy.  fine*  ruJ 
cloudy,  rain   ! 
ruin,  fair 
I  fair,  rain 
cldy.  fine,  rn. 
.do.  hail,  rain 
do.  fair 
'do.  do. 


Apr. 
U 
12 
13 
li 
15 
16 
17 
JB 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


m 

42 
46 
51 
55 

m 


H  '  60 

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J.  B.  NICHOLS  AKD  80N8|  PRINTIR8,  25|  PAELIAMBirT  STEBBt. 


THE 

GEiNTLEMAN'S   MAGAZINE 

HISTORICAL   REA  lEW. 

JUNE  1853. 


CONTENTS. 

FA  OK 
MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— Desigimticni  of  Uie  lUld*  of  Honour— BUhop  Kaye— Vbeoiint 

Wellc§ley— Literary  tJuerien—Namptwich  Token,  &C ..♦....*...        570 

The  Daughter!  of  King  Charles  the  First 571 

A  Visit  to  Rome  in  the  year  1 736  :  with  Anecdotes  of  the  Family  of  the  Frc- 

teoder.     By  Alexander  Cumuugh  am,  M.D,   ,..*.**.. ...*...  579 

The  Philopseudes  of  Lucian  ..,.•*. 583 

A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regicma  of  Scotland;  wid  the  ^lodern  Hutory  of  Leadhills. .  589 

Survey  of  Hedingham  Castle  in  1592  (wiih  Two  Fiales) , 596 

Layard's  Discoverie§  in  Nineveh  and  Babyloti  {wUh  Enffrttvingt)    . .  .,,,..,...  598 

C&Urornian  and  Auitralian  Gold  . . .»*....«...*.  . . • .  *  . .  608 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  STL  V  ANUS  URBAN— Establishment  of  the  Cloth- MannflKtare  at 
Kendft]  aiid  at  York«  temp.  Edwurd  Ut. — St.  Jam«i'i  Park— Romeland— Qneen  JoanV 
WardrolMJ  near  Aldersigate,  and  tlie  Prince's  Wftrdj  robe  in  the  Oid  *Te«rry  .,,. 61 3 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— The  Indostriu!  ExIiiMfion  jit  Doblin-Tlie  Art  Union  of  London— 
Tbu  Literary  Fund— Royal  Society  of  Literature— Tlie  Cimidfin  Soi'ioty— Geographical 
Society— Foundation  of  Biiildlng  for  tbu  Hull  Llbrikry  and  I'liiloKoplilcAl  tkidety— Uui- 
veraitlt!*  of  Oxford  and  Cainhridge— Queen's  CoUejje,  Cork— f^eeent  S^^lentifio  IHstlnodons— 
Annunl  »I«fUng  of  tbe  Arclia&oJoKioAl  ItiisUtiite    Exhibition  of  the  Fi<J<»rv4lry  Colloetlon   ..        690 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCKLLANEOUS  liEVreWS.  -Lord  Bacon  and  Sir  WultiT  Raleich,  by 
MacT«y  Napier,  fia4  ;  Wclllii^tosi,  by  JuIca  MAurel— FotLntains  of  Brititth  Hi-^ton^  explored, 
©25;  BugsestJona  on  the  Ancient  Hriton*t»  026;  Ulater  Journal  of  Arcbitokiyrj' ,  627; 
Qloflsary  of  Sujtiiex  ProvlHclaliiiuja,  by  W.  DurriiHt  Cooper^  fJ2M  ;  Clarke'*  Aicoant  of  the 
Prtary  of  Llaiitlvony— CKtdin^a  History  of  Cheltcnhfini- Millft'4  3acr«d  SymlKilOjfy,  629  ; 
Schools,  &/*.  for  the  hulustrlol  Clasaea,  by  the  I>eiin  nf  Herefonl— Oyclopoadlii  filblio- 
mphica- WlUklis  TnLle*  of  the  Valae*  of  LifehoMs.  Stc,  «30j  RojiaJie— The  Entrlish 
BlWe  newly  dhidocl  into  PunigrapU*,  ]>y  K.  U,  Blikckader —Fjiiie*  Ciiiilon*^  Epitutne  ofthe 
Chronology  of  Greece — Smith**  Ciironolocical  Tiibl4?-i  of  firc«k  and  Roman  History,  631  ; 
Old  Ri^ads  and  hVw  Road^—Majidc  and  Wirt'hfraft— Frafikliti's  F'ooL"itepfr— The  Milage 
Dootnr— Obi^ervatiouH  on  India,  639;  Temifde  Bar  tbo  City  tiktlgotha,  C33;  CoUcctanea  , 
Atitiqua— Sbaw*«t  Handljo<jk  of  MedJsval  Alphabeta,  t>34  ;  Ak<;rtnan'«  Remains  of  Pagan 
Sftxondora— Selection  frorn  Rey.  H.  MelvllFa  LectarM- Tlie  Roue-bud— Broinby's  Lltargy 
and  Church  HUlory— Tm'lor'K  Life  of  Jann^  Watt  .. ...«,. .«.. ,. .. GSS 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES^Society  of  AnlifiuaTics.  fiaS  ;  Archasological  Institute,  637  ; 
Arcbieological  Aflaodation- NumiAniatic  Society  of  London^  639  {  Society  of  Antiqnariea 
ulNewca8tl«-ap(m<Tyne»  640 ;  Es«sk  Arehjeologieal  Sorfety,  Ml ;  Royal  Society  of  Norths 
em  ARtiquarlea—FOfintainii  Abbey C4S 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  Newu.  613 ;  Domestic  Oocnrreiicett *. 644 

Promotions  and  Preferment!!,  <54A :  Births,  646 ;  llarriitff«5 MT 

OBITCTARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  Sir  Godfrey  Welwter,  Bart. ;  Sir  Datiiel  Toler  0»bome,  Bart,  i 
0«n.  S^T.  O.  Montresor;  Lleut.-Ofiii.  Sir  |Walter  Gilbert ;  Rear-Adni.  Sir  Thomaa  Fel- 
lowea  ;  Lieut.-<i«rt,  J.  W.  SmiUi ;  Major-Gcn.  Daubeney ;  MMior-G«n.  Gabriel ;  Capt.  W. 
Pooi^,  R.N, ;  Captain  Grmit ;  Lieut.  W.  S.  StrutfonI,  R.N. ;  George  Palmer,  Esq. ;  An* 
drew  Lawson,  E.^q. ;  William  Briimmell.  E%q.  ;  .fame*.  Roche,  E«*i, ;  Dr.  Bntler.  Dean  of 
Peter boro»i^ti ;  Reir.  John  Savlle  Oglc,D,I>. ;  Pev.  Professor  tkholetleld ;  Rev.  Ttiomas  K. 
Arnold,  M,A. ;  W.  F.  Lloyd,  Jilaq. ;  John  tionsofi  Carrow,  Eini.  :  Rev.  Oeorffe  Burgee; 
WUliani  Catt,  EiK}.  ;  Samuel  Woodbnm,  Esq. ;  Le^ria  Wm.  Wyatt,  Esq. ;  Hrs.  Becker ; 
Rev.  Robert  Weaver ..661— C7I 

CL£auT  DscmaaKD iff  I 

Dkatiu,  ainnged  in  Chronologfeal  Order 67^ 

Kegtfltr«r-(ie(tiera]'i  Setmma  of  Mortality  to  the  lletropoUji — ^Karketi,  679;  Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Prtce  of  Strides... MO 


Bt   8YLVANU8  URBAN,   Geht. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


HISTORICAL   REVIEW. 


THE  DAUGHTERS  OP  CHARLES  L 


CRASH A>V%  the  poet  and  protegt 
of  Henrietta  Maria»  appears  to  have 
ilriveii  with  much  zeal  and  entire  fruit- 
lessneae  to  catch  the  laureate  crown, 
which  Bt*n  Jon  sou  had  worn  with  rough 
but  glitterinf^  di^nitj.  Never  did  any 
patented  "  Veraificator  Kegit*,"  irom 
Gualo  to  Davetiaiit,  so  praise  princes 
and  prlocesse^i  born  or  expectant,  as 
CniaWw  did.  The  Carolijiian  birtha 
were  the  active  Blimtilants  of  hit^muse. 
The  coming  of  the  heir  apparent  was 
hailed  by  his  "  In  Sanctisaima;  Regina? 
purtuni  hyemaleni."  The  firt^t  wailing 
cry  of  the  little  Duke  of  York  was 
celebrated  in  the  ^*  Natalia  Ducia  Ebo- 
raoeosis*"  His  prophetie  muse  waxed 
bold  during  a  later  pregnancy  of  the 
Queen,  and  the  tiutes  confidently  pre- 
dicted the  addition  of  another  prince 
to  the  family  circle  of  Charles.  Nor 
was  he  wrong  :  the  ode  "  Ad  Princlpein 
nonduui  Natuin,  Hegind  gravida,"  was 
apt  welcome  for  the  uncontKuous  Duke 
of  Gloucester,  who  lived  to  be  the  simple 
**  Maater  Henry  "  of  the  plain-spoken 
Furiiana.  The  zeal  of  Cra^haw  went 
to  far  that  he  even  ruished  into  metre 
to  make  thankful  record  of  the  King's 
recovery  from  an  eruption  in  the  face. 
The  rhymer  8  "  In  Fmciem  Augustijssimi 
Hegis  a  morbilll»  integram  "  pleasantly 
portrayed  how  his  sacred  Majesty  had 
been  afflicted  with  pimples,  and  how 
he  had  been  ultimately  relieveil  iVom 
the  undignified  visitation. 

The  poet  would  seem  to  have  some- 
thing ungallantly  neglected  the  daugh- 
ierii  of  Charles  and  Henrietta  Maria. 
His  poetic  fire  never  blazed  very  bril- 
liantly for  the  Princesises.  His  inspira- 
Uon,  lilce  the  Salic  taw,  favoured  only 


the  heirs  male.  The  young  ladies,  how- 
ever, were  not  undeserving  of  having 
lyres  especially  strung  to  sound  their 
praises.  There  were  four  of  them, — 
nanidy,  Mary,  born  in  1631  ;  the  he- 
roic little  Elizabeth  J  born  in  1635;  the 
happy  Anne,  in  lG:i6-7;  and  the  cele- 
brated Henrietta  Anne,  in  1644. 

Of  these  the  Princess  Anne  was  by 
far  the  happiest,  for  she  had  the  inex- 
pressible advantage  of  gently  deacend- 
ing  into  the  grave  at  the  early  jit 
sufficiently  advanced  age  of  three  years 
and  nine  months.  It  was  some  time 
before  the  birth  of  "  happy  Anne  "  that 
Rochester  Carr,  brother  of  the  Lincoln- 
shire baronet  Sir  Robert,  publicly  de- 
claredj  in  his  half-insane  way,  that  he 
would  fain  kill  the  King  if  he  might 
only  wed  with  hia  widow.  When  Siia 
offensive  »ort  of  galluntry  was  reported 
to  Henrietta^  **  she  fell  into  such  a 
passion  as  her  lace  was  cut  to  give  her 
more  breath*"  Thus  the  storms  of  the 
world  blew  around  **  felix  Anna,"  even 
before  her  little  bark  entered  on  the 
ocean  over  which,  angel-led,  she  made 
so  rapid  a  patssage  to  the  haven  of  the 
better  land. 

Mary,  the  eldest  of  the  dauffhterfl  of 
Charles,  had  something  of  a  caTculating 
disposition;  she  poeaesaed  a  buainesa- 
like  mind,  had  much  shrewdness,  and 
contrived  to  secure^  in  her  (juiet  way, 
ae  much  felicity  as  she  could  or  as  she 
cared  to  secure.  Her  mother  bad  an 
eager  desire  to  rear  this  favourite  child 
for  the  Romish  communion.  Char  lea 
Uimself  is  said  by  the  Queen's  chaplain 
Gamache  not  to  have  cared  much  about 
the  matter.  The  priest  says  of  the 
King  that  the  latter  held  that  aalvatiou 


185a,] 


Tht  DaughtBVB  of  Charles  I, 


573 


I 


otlier  medical  men  to  whose  care  t^be 
wa5  entrusted ;  and  wc  liear  from 
Evelyn  that  her  decease  "  entirely  al- 
tered  the  face  imd  gallantry  of  the  whole 
court-*'  Burnet,  by  no  means  so  good 
authority  in  tbis  particular  case  as 
Evelyn,  gived  a  dmerent  view  of  the 
effect  prodaeed  lit  court  by  the  demise 
of  the  Princess  Royal,  following  so 
swiftly  as  it  did  on  the  deaths  also  by 
emall-pox,  of  her  young  and  clever 
brother  Henry  Duke  of  Gloucester, 
**  Kot  long  after  hiui,"  isays  Burnet^ 
"  the  Princeits  Royal  died,  also  of  the 
small -pox,  but  was  not  much  lamented." 
Burnet  acknowledges,  however,  her 
inuny  merits, — that  she  had  been  of 

food  reputation  as  wife  and  widow^ 
ad  lived  with  becoming  dignity  lus  re- 
garded herself  and  court,  treated  her 
brothertt  with  princely  liberality,  and 
kept  witbijj  the  limits  of  ber  own  in- 
come. The  same  writer  eays  of  her 
that  her  head  was  turned  by  her  mo- 
ther's pretence  of  being  able  to  \u&rry 
her  to  the  King  of  France, — a  prospect 
that  turned  the  heads  of  many  ladies 
at  that  time,  the  niece  of  Cardinal  Ma- 
zario  among  various  others.  Burnet 
roundly  asserts  that  to  realise  this  pro- 
spect she  launched  into  an  extravagant 
splendour,  the  cost  of  which  not  only 
injured  her  own  income,  but  tempted 
her  to  deal  diahoaestly  with  the  jewels 
and  estates  of  her  son,  held  by  her  in 
a  guardianship,  the  trusts  of  which  she 
betrayed*  He  adds  that  she  not  only 
was  disappointed  in  her  expectations, 
but  tbut  she  "  lessened  the  reputation 
which  she  had  formerly  lived  in,^' — a 
strange  epitaph  to  be  wrlttten  by  him 
who  found  a  benefactor  in  her  son, 
and  of  her  who  is  allowed  to  have  been, 
with  some  faults,  gentle,  ft>rgiving,  pa- 
tient, affectionate,  and  firm- minded. 

Of  ber  younger  sister  Elizabeth, 
Clarendon  has  given  a  perfect  picture 
in  a  few  expreusiTe  words.  She  was, 
8tys  the  parenthesis- loving  historian, 
**  a  lady  of  excellent  parts,  great  ob- 
servation, and  an  early  understanding." 
The  whole  of  her  brief  but  eventful 
life  gave  testimony  to  the  truth  of  thiB 
deacriptton.  The  storms  of  the  tifues 
had  swept  her  from  the  hearth  of  her 
parents^  as  they  had  indeed  also  divided 
those  parents,  and  extinguished  the  fire 
at  that  hearth.  She  bad  successively 
been  under  the  wardenship  of  Lady 
Dorset  and  of  old  Lady  Vere,  and  was 


transferred  from  the  latter  to  the  cus- 
tody of  the  Earl  of  Kortbumberlaod, 
who  was  already  responsible  for  the  safe 
keeping  of  lier  brothers  York  and 
Gloucester.  In  the  good  Earl  they  had 
no  surly  gaoler,  and  he  shared  in  the 
joy  of  the  children  when,  in  1647,  they 
were  permitted  to  have  an  interview 
with  tneir  unhappy  father  at  Maiden- 
head, and  to  sojourn  with  bim  during 
two  fast -flying  days  of  mingled  cloud 
and  sunshine  in  Lord  Craven*s  house 
at  Caversham,  near  Heading*  The 
house  still  stands,  and  is  a  conspicuouii 
object  seen  fj'om  the  Reading  station. 
It  IS  in  the  occupation  of  the  great  iron- 
master Mr.  Crawshay. 

Some  of  the  touching  interviews 
which  were  held  in  Cavers  ham  House 
arc  said  to  have  been  witnessed  by 
Cromwell,  and  Sir  John  Berkeley 
states  that  Oliver  described  them  to 
him  as  *'  tbe  tenderest  sight  his  eyes 
ever  beheld/'  "  Cromwell,'"  adds  Sir 
John,  "  said  much  in  commendation  of 
his  Majesty,'*  and  expressed  his  hope 
that  God  wouM  be  pleased  to  look 
upon  bim  according  to  the  sincerity  of 
his  heart  towards  the  King." 

The  prison  home  of  the  Princess 
Elizabeth  and  ber  brother.i  was  Syon 
Mouse  at  Isleworth, — the  house  of  ill- 
omen  from  which  Lady  Jane  Grey  bad 
departed  by  water  for  the  Tower  to 
seek  a  sceptre  and  to  tind  an  axe* 
llie  monarch  visited  his  children  more 
than  once  at  the  house  of  the  Earl  of 
Northumberland,  at  Syon,  ^Vith  the 
boys  he  talked,  and  to  them  gave 
counsel ;  but  iJ*  be  advised  Elizabeth 
he  also  listened  with  marked  and  grati- 
fieil  attention  to  her  dcv^criptions  of 
persons  and  things,  and  to  ner  clear 
ideas  upon  what  was  passing  around 
her.  His  chief  advice  to  her  consisted 
in  the  reiterated  injunction  to  obey  her 
mother  in  all  things  except  in  matters 
of  religion, — "  to  which  be  commanded 
her,  upon  his  blessing,  never  to  hearken 
or  consent,  hut  to  continue  firm  in  the 
religion  she  had  been  instructed  and 
educated  in,  what  discountenance  or 
ruin  soever  might  befall  the  poor 
church  at  that  time  under  so  severe 
prosecution.'*  She  promised  obedience 
to  her  father*s  counsel,  and  imparted 
joy  by  that  promise,  as  fbe  did  two 

} rears  subsequently  when,  in  1649,  i<he 
ay  on  her  sire's  bosom  a  i^^w  hours 
before  his  execution^  and  made  him 


674 

alternately  weep  and  smile  at  the  im- 
pression which  nc  saw  had  been  made 
upon  her  by  the  calamities  of  her 
family,  and  at  the  evidence  of  advanced 
judgment  afforded  by  her  conversation. 
As  the  young  girl  lay  on  the  father*s 
heart — that  heart  that  was  so  soon  to 
be  no  longer  conscious  of  the  pulse  of 
life,  he  charged  her  with  a  message  to 
her  mother,  then  in  France.  It  was  a 
message  of  undying  love  mingled  with 
assurances  of  a  fidelity  strong  unto 
death.  The  little  message-bearer  was 
never  permitted  to  fulfill  her  mission, 
and  the  mother  to  whom  she  was  to 
have  born  it  found,  it  is  said,  a  pillow 
for  her  aching  head  on  the  sympatnising 
breast  of  the  Eurl  of  St.  Alban's.  The 
wife  of  Ca?sar  stooped  to  a  centurion. 

"  If  I  were  you  I  would  not  stay 
here,"  was  the  speech  uttered  one  day 
by  Elizabeth  to  her  brother  James. 
Ihey  were  both  then,  with  the  Duke 
of  Gloucester,  in  confinement  at  St. 
James's.  The  si)eech  was  at  once  an 
incentive  and  a  reproach.  Elizabeth 
urged  him  thereby  to  accomplish  the 
flight  which  their  father  had  recom- 
mended him  to  attempt.  The  young 
Duke  of  Guise,  heir  of  the  slayer  who 
was  slain  at  Blois,  escaped  from  his 
prison  by  outwitting  his  keeper  at  a 
childish  game.  The  royal  captive 
children  of  the  Stuart  for  the  same 
end  got  up  a  game  at  **  hide  and  seek," 
and  they  were  still  in  pretended  search 
of  James,  when  the  latter,  disguised  as 
a  girl,  was  awkwardly  but  successfully 
making  his  way  to  temporary  safety. 
For  their  share  in  this  escajxule  the 
little  conspirators  were  transmitted  to 
CarisbrooK,  where  they  were  kept  in 
close  confinement  in  the  locality  where 
their  father  had  so  deeply  suffered  in 
the  last  days  of  his  trials.  The  Prin- 
cess bore  her  captivity  like  a  proudly- 
desponding  caged  eaglet,  whom  grief 
and  indignity  can  kill,  but  who  utters 
no   sound  in  testimony   of  suffering. 


The  Daughters  of  Charles  L 


[June, 


The  utilitarian  goyemment  of  the 
period  designed,  it  is  said,  to  have  vp' 
prenticed  mis  daughter  of  a  line  of 
kings  to  a  needle  or  button-maker  in 
Newport  I  Providence  saved  her  from 
the  degradation  by  a  well-timed  death. 
'*  Elizabeth  Stuart**  sickened,  died,  and 
was  buried.  The  very  locality  of  her 
burial  even  perished  with  her,  from 
the  memory  of  man.  It  was  only  <^- 
covered,  more  than  two  centuries  alter, 
when  kings  were  again  at  a  discount 
and  ultra-democracy  was  once  more 
rampant. 

It  is  somewhat  singular  that,  whereas 
among  the  inhabitants  of  Newport  it 
became  forgotten  that  the  body  of  the 
youn|^  Elizabeth  lay  in  their  churoh, 
the  villagers  of  Church  Handboroush, 
near  Whitney,  boasted  of  possessing  uie 
mortal  remains  of  her  fatner  Charles  I. 
This  boast  was  founded  on  a  very  mas- 
nilo(|uent  inscription  on  a  tablet  vrithin 
the  church,  and  which  the  parishioners 
took  for  an  epitaph.  He  was  a  hearty 
old  cavalier  who  wrote  it,  and  though 
the  villagers  comprehend  nothing  of 
the  robust  Latin  of  which  it  is  con- 
structed, they  understand  Uie  senti- 
ment, and  to  this  day  consider  it  as 
testimony  to  the  fact  that  they  are  as 
guardians  round  the  grave  of  the 
Charles — who  is  aol  there  interred.* 

The  young  ElizabeUi  died  about  a 
year  and  a  half  after  her  father's  ex* 
ecution.  In  the  year  1793,  the  year  ^ 
the  decapitation  of  Louis  XVI.  and  <tf 
Marie  Antoinette,  ultra-democracy  was 
a^ain  raising  its  head  in  the  England 
where  Charles  had  been  stricken. 
Gentlemen  like  Dr.  Hudson  and  Mr. 
Pigott  drank  seditious  healths  at  the 
London  Coffee  House,  and  rode  in 
hackney  coaches  to  prison,  shouting 
Vive  la  RepMifjue.  Libels  against  the 
Queen  of  France,  like  those  of  mad 
Lord  Greorge  Gordon,  were  flyinff  about 
our  streets  **  thick  as  leaves  m  Val- 
ambrosa.*'    The  Keverend  Mr.  Win- 


*  The  following  is  the  inscription.  It  might  have  been  written  between  a  volume 
of  Walker's  Lacbryinae  EccleHitie  on  the  one  hand  and  a  flask  of  Canary  oo  the  other. 
Tlius  rolls  its  thunder  and  thus  sighs  the  strain  : — "  M.  S.  saoctissiini  regis  et  martyris 
Caroli.  Sisle  viator;  lege,  obmutesce,  mirare,  memento  Caroli  illias  nominis,  pantor 
et  pietatis  insigoissiniee,  pruni  Magnee  Britannise  regis,  qui  rebellinm  perfidia  primo 
dectptus,  et  in  perfidiorum  rabie  perculsus  inconcossus  tameu  legmn  et  fidei  dereDSOTi 
schismaticorum  tyrannidi  succubuit,  anno  servitutis  nostrs,  felicitatis  mm,  primo,  eorooA 
terrestri  spoliatus,  coelesti  donatui.  Sileant  autem  peritaraa  tabellv,  perl^e  rallquiat 
vere  sacras  Carolinas,  in  queis  sui  mnemosynem  Kre  perenniorem  ylTseiiiS  enrUnlt  t 
ilia,  ilia  "  («e)  "  Eikon  Bwilike." 


1853.] 


The  Daughters  ofCharlei  L 


575 


terbottom  wag  fined  and  imprisoned  for 

Ereacliing  treasonable  iermoiifl,  and  so 
igli  did  party  spirit  run  that  good 
VicesimuB  Knox  had  well  nigh  got  into 
aeriouB  trouble  for  deHvering  from  the 
Brighton  pulpit  a  philippic  ugainst 
going  to  war.  The  disco ursti  so  ruffled 
the  plumage  of  some  officers  wlio  hap- 
pened on  tlie  following  evening  to  meet 
the  reverend  doctor  with  his  wife  and 
family  at  the  theatre,  that  they  created 
a  patriotic  riot,  before  the  violence  of 
wnicli  the  celebratetl  eii«ayistt  his  lady, 
and  children  were  fairly  swept  out  ol 
the  house,  the  loyal  audience  in  which 
celebrated  their  triumph  over  as  loyal 
•A  subject  as  any  there,  by  singing  fxod 
gave  the  King  and  Rule  Britannia, 

Amid  this  noise  of  contending  pariiei^, 
royalist  and  republican,  a  ij[uiet  sexton 
wai  tranquilly  engaged,  id  October, 
17i>3,  in  tliggingagrave  in  the  chancel 
of  Newport  church  for  the  body  of 
Septimus  Ilenry  West,  the  youngest 
brother  of  Lorn  Delaware.  Tlie  old 
delver  wa«  in  the  full  enjoyment  of 
his  exciting  occupation  when  his  spade 
struck  against  a  stone,  on  which  were 
engraven  the  initials  "  E,  S.**  Cu- 
riosity begat  research,  and  in  a  vault 
perfectly  dry  waa*  found  a  cotfin  per- 
fectly fresh^  on  the  involuted  lid  of 
which  the  wondering  eJtamincrs  read 
the  wordh — *^  Elizabeth,  2d  daughter 
of  ?"  late  King  Charles,  dece**  bept, 
8,  AfDCL  "  Thus  the  hidden  grave 
of  her  who  died  of  the  blows  dealt  at 
monarchy  in  England  was  discovered 
when  like  blows  were  being  threatened, 
and  at  the  very  moment  when  the  re- 
publicans over  the  channel  were  slaving 
their  hapless  queen.  The  Hifrighted 
spirit  of  Eliziibelh  might  well  have 
asked  if  nothiiJ>r  then  had  been  changed 
on  thin  troubled  earth,  and  if  killing 
kings  were  still  the  caprice  of  citizens? 
The  only  answer  that  could  have  been 
given  at  the  moment  would  have  been, 
m  tlie  worda  of  the  adjuration  **  Vatene 
in  puce  alma  beata  e  bella."  Turn 
we  now  to  the  sister,  who  was  of  quite 
another  complexion. 

On  the  site  of  Bedford  Crescent, 
Exeter,  there  once  stood  a  convent  of 
niack  or  Dominican  friars.  At  the 
Keformation  the  convent  property  was 
transferred  to  John  Lord  Kussell,  who 
made  of  the  edifice  thereon  a  pro- 
vincial town  residence,  which  took  the 


name  of  **^  Bedford  House,''  when  the 
head  of  the  EusseHs  was  advanced  to 
an  earldom.  As  further  greatness  was 
forced  upon  or  ucbieved  By  the  family 
the  old  country  mansion  fell  into  decay. 
There  are  still  some  aged  persons, 
verging  upon  ninety,  whose  weary 
memories  can  faintly  recall  the  old 
conveutuid  building  when  it  was  di- 
vided and  let  in  separate  tenements. 
It  was  taken  down,  to  save  it  from 
tumbling  to  pieces,  in  1773,  and  on 
the  site  of  the  house  and  grounds 
stands,  as  I  have  said,  the  present 
"  Bedford  Crescent."  "  Friars'  Row  " 
would  have  been  as  apt  a  name« 

In  the  year  1644  the  shifting  fortunes 
of  Charles  compelled  his  queen,  Hen- 
rietta Maria,  to  seek  a  refuge  in 
Exeter,  in  order  that  she  might  there 
bring  into  the  world  another,  and  the 
lust,  heir  to  the  sorrows  of  an  unlucky 
sire.  The  corporation  assigned  Bed- 
ford House  to  her  as  a  residence,  and 
made  her  a  present  of  two  hundred 
poiinds  to  provide  n gainst  the  exigen- 
cies of  the  coming  time.  In  this  hnu«io 
was  born  a  little  princess,  who  was  the 
gayest  yet  the  least  happy  of  the 
daughters  of  Charles.  The  day  of  her 
birth  was  the  16th  of  June,  1644.  She 
was  shortly  after  christened  in  the 
cathedral  (at  a  font  erected  in  the 
body  of  the  church  uiuier  a  canopy  of 
state),  by  the  con^pound  name  of  Hen- 
rietta-Anne. Dr.  Burnet,  the  chan- 
cellor of  the  diocese,  ofliciated  on  the 
occasion,  and  the  good  man  rejoiced  to 
think  that  he  hud  enrolled  another 
member  on  the  register  of  the  English 
Church.  In  this  joy  the  t|ueen  took 
no  part.  It  is  said  that  the  eyes  of  the 
father  never  fell  upon  the  daughter 
lx>rn  ill  the  hour  of  Ins  great  sorrows; 
but  ufi  Charles  was  in  Exeter  for  a 
brief  moment  on  the  '26th  July,  1644, 
it  is  more  than  probable  that  he  looked 
for  once  and  all  ufjon  the  face  of  his 
unconscious  child. 

The  Queen  ;  Henrietta  Maria  left 
Exeter  for  the  continent  very  soon, 
some  accounts  say  a  fortnight  after  the 
birth  of  Henrietta  Anne.  The  young 
princess  was  given  over  to  the  tender 
keeping  of  Lady  Mctrton  ;  and  when 
opportunity  for  escape  oflered  itself  to 
them,  the  notable  governess  assumed 
a  somewhat  squalid  disguise,  and  with 
the  little  princess  (now  some  two  year* 


The  Daughters  of  CharUtt  L 


576 


old)  attired  in  a  ragged  costume,  and 
made  to  pass  as  her  son  Peters  tshe 
road^  ber  way  on  foot  to  Dover,  as  the 
wife  of  a  siTvaot  out  oi'  place*  The 
only  peril  that  she  ran  was  from  tlie 
recalcitrating  objections  made  by  her 
precious  and  trouble>some  cbarffe.  The 
little  princess  loved  fine  clothes,  and 
would  not  don  or  weai*  mendicant  rags 
but  with  ^jci'^aming  protest.  All  the 
way  down  to  the  coast  "  Peter  "  strove 
to  intimate  to  passing  wayfarers  that 
there  was  a  ease  of  abduction  before 
them,  and  that  she  was  being  car- 
ried ofi'  ugainst  her  will.  Had  her  ex- 
pression been  as  clear  as  her  efforts 
and  inclinatioOi  the  pretty  plot  would 
have  been  betrayed.  Fortunately  she 
was  not  so  precocious  of  speech  as  the 
infant  Tasso^  and  the  passengers  on 
board  the  boat  to  Calais*,  when  they 
saw  the  terrible  "Peter"  scratching 
the  patient  matron  who  bore  him,  they 
only  thought  how  in  times  to  come  he 
would  maice  the  mother's  heart  smart 
more  fiercely  than  he  now  did  her 
cheeks.  Peace  of  course  was  not  re- 
stored until  Lady  Morton,  soon  after 
landin^r,  cast  oiT  the  hum])  which 
marred  her  naturally  elegant  figurct 
and  transforming  **  Peter "  into  a 
princess,  both  rode  joyously  to  Paris 
in  a  roac^h-and-six — as  wonderful  and 
as  welcome  n»  that  built  by  fairy 
hand.H  for  the  lady  of  the  glass  slipper, 
out  of  a  fM>rtly  pumpkin. 

The  fugitive  princess  had  scarcely 
reached  Paris  when  Henrietta  Maria 
resolved  to  undo  what  Dr.  Burnet 
had  so  well  done  at  ExeterT  and  to 
convert  Henrietta  Anne  to  Romanism. 
Father  Garoaehe  attempted  the  same 
with  Lady  Morton,  but  as  the  latter, 
though  .she  listened,  would  not  yield, 
the  logicEil  Jesuit  pronounced  her 
death  by  i'l^y^ir^  many  years  subse* 
quently,  to  he  the  award  of  heaven  for 
her  obduracy  J  lie  fouud  metal  far 
more  duet ile  in  the  youthful  daughter 
of  the  King  of  Enghmd.  For  her 
especial  U'<e  he  wrote  three  heavy 
Ociuvo  voiuDies,  entitled  "  Exerciser 
d'une  Ame  Hoyale,"  and  probably 
thought  that  the  desired  conversion 
was  accomplished  less  by  the  banhom 
of  the  court  than  the  reasoning  of  the 
confessor. 

The  royal  exiles  lived  in  a  splendid 
misery.     They  were  so  magnificentlj 


[Jiinei 


lodged  ftnd  so  pitiably  cared  for^  UmiI 
they  are  said  to  have  oflen  lain  to- 
gether in  bed  at  the  Louvre  during  a 
winters  day  in  order  to  keep  them- 
selves warm ;  no  fuel  having  been  pro- 
videtl  for  them,  and  they  laeKing 
money  to  procure  it.  Tbey  expe- 
rienced more  comfort  in  the  asylum 
atlorded  them  in  the  convent  of  St. 
Marie  de  Chaillot.  Here  Henrietta 
Anne  grew  up  a  graceful  ctuld,  the 
delight  of  every  one  save  Lotiis  XIV,, 
who  hated  her  mortally^  until  the  time 
came  when  he  could  only  love  htjr 
criminally.  Mother  and  daughter  vi- 
sited England  in  the  autumn  of  the 
year  of  the  Restoration*  I*epya  has 
left  a  graphic  outline  of  botli.  *^  The 
Queen  a  very  little  plain  old  woidao, 
and  nothing  more  in  ber  presence,  in 
any  respect,  nor  ojarbe.,  tnan  any  or- 
dinary woman.  The  Princesa  Hen- 
rietta is  very  pretty,  but  much  below 
my  expectation ;  and  her  drei»«iJng  of 
hersell,  with  her  haire  frized  short  up 
to  her  eares,  did  make  her  seem  ra 
much  the  less  to  me.  But  my  wife 
standing  near  her  with  two  or  three 
black  patches  on,  and  welbdressed,  did 
seem  to  me  much  handsomer  than  she.** 
Defith,  as  1  have  before  stater! ,  marred 
the  festivities.  Love  luingled  wilb 
both  ;  and  Buckingham,  who  had  been 
sighing  at  the  feet  of  Mai-y  Priucest*  of 
Orange,  now  stood  jwuring  UDUiter> 
able  nothings  into  the  ear  of  her  sister 
Henrietta    Anne.     When   the   tatter. 


with  her  mother,  embark* 
on  this  royal  visit  to  E 
spent  two  days  in  reacij..,;^  . 
On  their  return  they  went  on 
at  Portsmouth,  but  storms  drove 
back  to  port,  and  the  princess 
tacked  by  measlej>(  whde  on  the 
Buckingham,  in  his  character  of  lover* 
attended  her  to  Havre,  displaying 
an  outrageous  extravagance  of  griel. 
Philippe,  the  handsome,  elfeminate, 
and  unprincipled  Dukeof  Orleanii,  her 
atlianecd  husbaml,  met  her  at  the  \%%X* 
named  port,  and  tended  her  with  «$ 
much  or  as  little  assiduity  as  man 
could  show  who  never  knew  what  it 
was  to  feel  a  pure  affection  for  any 
woman  in  the  world.  The  Princ^tt 
felt  little  more  for  him,  and  still  ItM 
for  Buckingham,  on  whose  forced  de- 
parture from  Paris  the  daughter  of 
Charles  wiia  married  to  the  brother  of 


18530 


The  Daii^ghters  of  CharleM  I* 


m 


[X'Oui&^  die  last  day  of  Marclii  1661,  in 
[full  Lent,  aatl  witU  indDied  rites^ — a 
^disregard  ihr  seasons  anil  ceremonies 
I  which  caused  all  France  to  ougiir  ill 
for  the  consenuences. 

"Madjiuie/  as  she  was  now  called, 
became  the  idol  of  a  court  that  loved 
wit  and  beauty,  and  wiis  not  particular 
on  the  score  of  morality.  All  the  men 
adored  her;  and  the  King,  to  the  scan- 
dal of  bi3  mother  (Anne  of  Austria) 
was  chief  among  the  worshippers.  Her 
memoirs  have  been  briully  and  rapidly 
written  by  her  intimate  friend  Mailame 
de  La  layette.*  The  latter  was  an 
authoress  of  repute,  and  the  **  ami  de 
CQBur,*'  to  use  a  soft  term,  of  the 
famous  La  Rochelbucauld.  This  lady 
wrote  the  memoirs  of  the  Princess 
from  materials  furnished  by  her  royal 
highness,  and  thus  she  portrays  the 
delicate  position  of  Louis  le  Grand  and 
Henriettii  d^Angleterre  :  —  "  MadaDie 
entered  into  close  intimacy  with  the 
Countess  of  Soissons,  and  no  longer 
thought  of  pleasing  the  King,  but  as  a 
sister-in-law.  1  think,  however,  that 
she  pleased  him  after  another  fashion  ; 
but  1  imagine  that  she  fancied  that  the 
King  himself  waa  appeeable  to  her 
merely  as  a  brother-in-law,  when  he 
was  probably  something  more ;  but, 
however,  as  they  were  both  infinitely 
amiable,  and  both  born  with  disposi^ 
tiona  inelined  to  gallantry,  and  that 
they  met  daily  for  purposes  of  amuse- 
ment and  ft;sti?ity,  it  was  clear  to 
everybody  that  they  felt  for  one  another 
that  sentiment  whjch  is  generally  the 
forerunner  of  passionate  love," 

"  Monsieur'  became  jealous,  the  two 
Queen-Mothers  censorious,  the  court 
delighted  spectators,  nnd  the  lovers 
perplexed.  To  conceal  the  criminal 
fact,  the  poor  La  Valiere  was  selected 
that  the  King  might  make  love  to  the 
latter,  and  so  give  tUc  to  the  belief 
that  in  the  new  love  the  oM  had  been 
tbrgotten.f  But  Louis  fell  in  love  with 
La  Valiere  too,  afler  his  fashion,  and 
soon  visited  her  in  state,  preceded  by 
drums  and  trumpets.  "  Madame"  waa 
piqued,  and  took  revenge  or  consola- 


tion in  receiving  the  aspirations  of  the 
Count  de  Guiche,  "  Monsieur"  quar- 
relled with  the  latter,  confusion  en- 
sued, and  the  ancient  Queens  by  their 
intrigues  made  the  confusion  worse 
conibunded.  Not  that  they  were  re- 
s[ionsible  for  all  the  confusion.  How 
could  they  be,  since  they  only  mis* 
ruled  in  an  imbrngiio  wherein  the  King 
luved  La  Valiere,  the  Marquis  de 
Miirslllac  loved  Madame,  Madame 
loved  the  Count  de  Guiche,  Monsieur 
affected  to  love  Mud  a  me  de  Valen- 
tinojs,  who  loved  M.  de  Pegu i Ion,  and 
Madame  de  Soissons,  beloved  by  the 
King,  loved  the  ilarquls  de  Vardes, 
whom,  however,  she  reatlily  surren- 
dered to  '^  Miidamc,"  in  exchange  for  or 
ai  auxiliary  to  Monsieur  de  Guiche  ; 
and  this  chain  of  loves  is,  after  all,  only 
a  few  linkii  in  a  net- work  that  would 
require  a  volume  to  unravel,  and  even 
thtjn  would  not  be  worth  the  trouble 
expended  on  it.  They  who  wuuld 
learn  the  erotic  history  of  the  day,  may 
consult  the  memoirs  by  ALidame  de  la 
Fayette.  The  story  is  like  a  Spanish 
comedy,  full  of  intrigue,  deceptioDf 
stilted  sentiment^  and  the  smallest  pos- 
sible quantity  of  principle*  There  lire 
dark  passages,  stolen  meetings,  un- 
blushing avowals,  angry  husbands  who 
arc  not  a  jot  better  than  the  seducers 
against  whom  their  right«ous  indigna- 
tion is  directed,  and  complacent  pneatfl 
who  utter  a  hjw  "oh,  fie!"  and  absolve 
magniticeni  5tnners  who  may  help  them 
to  scarlet  hats  and  tlie  dignity  of 
"Eminence."  The  chaos  of  immom- 
bty  seemed  come  again*  *'^  Madame" 
changed  her  adorers,  and  was  con- 
tinually renewing  the  jealousy  of 
*•  Monsieur,"  but  she  in  some  sort  pa- 
cified liim  by  deigning  to  receive  at 
her  tuble  the  **  ladies"  whom  he  moiJtly 
delighted  to  honour.  Thclivea  of  the 
whole  parties  were  passed  in  the  un- 
limited indulgence  of  pleasant  si  mi,  and 
in  gailv  paying  for  their  absolution 
from  tne  consequences  I  Old  lovers 
were  occaBionally  exiled  to  make  room 
for  new  ones,  or  out  of  vengeance, 
but  the   **commercc  d*amour"   never 


*  A  new  snd  highly  improved  edition  of  thtfse  Memoira  lua  just  appeared  in  Parit. 
It  bears  the  titk  of  **  llistoire  de  Madaruo  Heariette  d'Anglct^rre,  prcmkrc  femmc  de 
Philippe  de  Frttucp,  Due  d'Orlcan*.*'  Par  Madame  de  hi  Fayette*  Public  pnr  Feu 
A,  liiLzin.     It  la  a  most  amutiing  piece  of  "  caquet.'* 

t  Burnet  say»  tlmt  the  King  amdc  love  to  Henrietta  to  conceal  his  p-iMion  for  La 
Valiere ;  but,  considering  how  he  paid  court  to  the  latter,  this  ife  Dot  vi  ry  Ukely. 

Gbiit.  Mag,  Vol,  XXXIX.  4  E 


The  Daughters  of  diaries  /. 


578 


ceased  in  the  brilliant  court  of  Louis 
le  Grand. 

There  was  scarcely  an  individual  in 
that  court  who  might  not,  when  djjing, 
have  said  what  Lord  Muskerry  said  as 
that  exemplary  individual  lay  on  his 
deathbed,  — "  Well,  I  have  nothing 
wherewith  to  reproach  myself,  for  I 
never  denied  myself  anything !  " 

At  length,  in  1G70,  Henrietta  once 
more  visited  England.  It  was  against 
the  consent  of  her  husband.  She  had 
that  of  the  King ;  and  her  mission  was 
to  arrange  matters  with  her  brother 
Charles  U.  to  establish  Romanism  in 
England,  and  to  induce  him  to  become 
the  pensioned  ally  of  France!  To 
further  her  purpose  she  brought  in 
her  train  the  oeautiful  Louise  dc  Que- 
rouaille.  This  was  a  "  vrai  trait  de 
genie."  Charles  took  the  lady  and  the 
money,  and  doubly  sold  himself  and 
country  to  France.  He  made  a  Duchess 
(of  Portsmouth)  of  the  French  concu- 
bine, and  Louis  added  a  Gallic  title  to 
heighten  the  splendor  of  her  infamy, 
and  that  of  the  monarch  who,  for  her 
and  filthy  lucre,  had  sold  his  very  soul. 
There  was  some  horrible  story  refer- 
ring to  himself  and  Henrietta  which 
was  probably  only  invented  to  exaspe- 
rate the  husband  of  the  latter  against 
her.  There  is  probably  more  truth  in 
the  report  that  the  young  Duke  of 
Monmouth  gazed  on  her  with  a  gallant 
assurance  that  met  no  rebuke.  A  few 
days  afterwards,  on  the  '29th  June, 
1670,  she  was  well  and  joyous  with 
Philippe,  no  participator  in  her  joy,  at 
St.  Cloud.  In  the  evening  she  showed 
some  symptoms  of  faintness,  but  the 
heat  was  intense ;  a  glass  of  chicory 
water  was  offered  to  her,  of  which  she 
drank ;  and  she  immediately  com- 
plained of  being  grievously  ill.  Her 
conviction  was  that  she  was  poisoned, 
and  very  little  was  done  either  to  |)er- 
suade  her  of  the  contrary,  or  to  cure 
her.  The  agony  she  suffered  would  have 
slain  a  giant.  Amid  it  all  she  gently 
reproached  her  husband  for  his  want 
of  affection  for  her,  and  deposed  to  her 


[Jane, 


own  fidelity!  The  court  gathered 
round  her  bed ;  Louis  came  and  talked 
religiously ;  his  consort  also  came,  ac« 
companied  by  a  poor  guard  of  hotioiir, 
and  the  royal  concubines  came  too 
escorted  by  little  armies  1  Bumct  says 
that  her  last  words  were  "Adieu,  Tre- 
ville,"  addressed  to  an  old  lover,  who 
was  80  affected  by  them  that  he  turned 
monk — for  a  short  time.  Bossact  re- 
ceived her  last  breath,  and  made  her 
funeral  oration ;  of  the  speaker  and  of 
the  oration  in  (question,  Vinet  says: 
"  Since  this  great  man  was  obliged  to 
flatter,  I  am  very  glad  that  he  has  done 
it  here  with  so  little  art,  that  we  may 
be  allowed  to  think  that  adulation  was 
not  natural  to  his  bold  and  vigoroas 
genius."  The  oration  could  do  as  little 
good  to  her  reputation,  as  the  dedica« 
tion  to  her  by  Racine,  of  his  "  Andro* 
maaue,**  could  do  to  her  glory.*  As 
to  her  ultimate  fate,  it  was  difficnlt 
even  at  the  time  to  prove  that  she  was 
poisoned.  The  chicory  water  was 
thrown  away,  and  the  vessel  which 
contained  it  had  been  cleansed  before 
it  could  be  examined.  There  were 
deponents  ready  to  swear  that  the 
body  betrayed  evidences  of  poison,  and 
others  that  no  traces  of  it  were  to  be 
discovered.  All  present  protested  Jn- 
nocence,  while  one  is  said  to  have  con- 
fidentially confessed  to  the  King,  on 
promise  of  pardon,  that  he  had  been 
expressly  engaged  in  compassing  the 
catastrophe,  ^o  wonder,  amia  the 
conflicting  testimony,  that  Temple,  who 
had  been  dispatched  fh>m  London  to 
inc^uire  into  the  affair,  could  only 
oracularly  resolve  that  there  was  more 
in  the  matter  than  he  cared  to  talk 
almut,  and  that  at  all  events  Charles 
had  better  be  silent,  as  he  was  too 
powerless  to  resent  the  alleged  crime. 
And  so  ended  the  last  of  the  daughters 
of  Charles  Stuart,  all  of  whom  died 
young,  or  died  suddenly, — and  none 
but  the  infant  Anne  happily. 

At  the  hour  of  the  death  of  H«i«* 
rictta,  there  stood  weeping  b^  her  side 
her  fair  young  daughter,  Maria  Louisa. 


*  The  funeral  oration  contained  the  following  passafre,  "  She  mast  descend  to  those 
gloomy  regions  (he  was  speaking  of  the  royal  Taults  at  St.  Deniti)  with  those  annihilated 
kingfl  and  princes  among  whom  we  can  scarcely  find  room  to  place  her,  so  crowded  are 
the  ranks."  When  the  body  of  the  Dauphin,  son  of  Louis  XIV.  was  deposited  in  these 
vaults  in  177H,  it  was  remarked  with  a  "vague  terror,'*  as  Bnngener  says  in  hie 
"  Un  Sermon  sous  Louis  XIV,*"  that  the  royal  vault  was  entirely  fulL  lliere  was 
literally  noplace  for  Louis  XYL  in  the  tomb  of  his  ancestors. 


18500 


A  Vmt  (o  Romti  in  17s 


570 


[  The  cliilJ  was  eiglit  years  of  age,  and 

[!Montag^U(>^  on  thjit  very  day,  bad  beeu 

I  painting   her   portralL      In    the  year 

I  I68»f  tbut  child,  who  had  riticu  to  the 

dignity  of  Quetju  of  Spain,  and  was 

reiiuwnod  for  lier  beauty,  wit,  and  vi- 

VRcity,  was  [>re«ented  by  an  att4andant 

with  u  cup  of  milk.     She  drank  the 

draught  and  diod. 

Tlma  was  extinguisfied  the  i'eiualo 
line  desciinded  from  Chjirleji.  Their 
mother,  Henrietta  Maria,  lett  her  heart 
to  the  Nuns  of  tbe  Visitation,  to  whose 
gou4  keeping  Jauiet*  11,  left  his  own, 
and   eontided   that   of   his  daughter, 


Louisa  Maria.  The  beurt  of  the  King 
was  finally  transferred  tu  the  ubaptA 
of  the  Eni^lish  Benedietine*  in  the 
Faubourg  St.  Jacques,  During  the 
Revolution,  the  insurrectionists  of  the 
day  jihivered  U)  pieces  the  urn  in  which 
it  was  contaiued^  and  trod  tlie  heart 
into  dust  upon  the  fhK>r  of  the  chapel. 
They  did  as  njuch  to  the  royal  hearts 
enshrined  at  the  **  Visitation  "  The 
very  duiit  of  the  sons  and  the  daiighteri 
of  Stuart  was  again  an  iibomiuation  in 
the  eyes  of  denioeracy. 

J.  DojLAJf, 


A  VISIT  TO  ROME  IN  THE  YEAR  1736. 

By  ALK3LA.NDGR  CuNHjMGHAM^  M.D.,  aftenvards  Sir  Ai^KXANiiKH.  Dick,  ot 
Prefitontieldp  Bart. 

(Tk€  Journal  continued /rom puffe  26G.) 


WE  rcgnme  oar  cxtractj*  from  Dr. 
Cunning  bald's  Diary,  with  some  pAMftgea 
rektiug  to  the  exiled  Royal  Family  of 
Eughind,  wbidi  will  be  found  to  po&sesa 
cousiderablt:  ioterest. 

We  bad  visits  from  Mr.  Hay :  Dr. 
Wright,  Dr.  Irvine — the  Chevaliers 
alkis  the  Prett'nder's  two  pliVi^jcians. 

(hi  the  Utb  NoPembcr,  [1736,]  we 
were  carried  to  sec  the  Jesuits*  clinrch, 
wbciX'  we  hap pL" lied  to  find  the  Che* 
valier  and  my  Lord  Nithsdale*  very 
piously  employed  at  their  devotions  in 
the  time  of  veispers. 

November  IB, — Dr.  Wright  dined 
with  nie^  and  gave  me  many  diverting 
histories  of  the  young  Chevalier,f  viz. 
his  jumping  about  among  the  Pope  and 
Cardinals,  as  it  were  in  play,  and  of 
his  refusing  to  kiss  his  Holiue»i*s  toe; 
of  his  wilfutness,  and  restlessness,  stud 


hardiness ;  his  quickness  of  capaeity  : 
for  all  which  he  likewise  celebrated 
his  brother  the  Duke  of  York.J  After 
dinner  we  went  to  the  Villa  Ludovisif 
and  saw  there  that  youn^j  Prince  and 
his  brother  the  Duke-  We  hail  an  in- 
troduction and  salute  by  Lord  Dun- 
bur's  means,  to  whom  I  was  introduced 
by  Dr.  Wright.  My  Lord  happcnt^d 
to   be   my    unele    Mr.   Cunningham's 

fyiipil,  who  was  professor  of  the  lioniau 
aw  at  Edinburgh  along  with  Mr. 
FJetcher  of  Sal  ton,  alter  wards  Lord 
Milton  our  Justiec-Clerk,  who  at  that 
time  had  the  direction  of  all  the  afTairs 
of  Seothmd  under  the  Earl  of  Islay, 
who  was  brother  to  the  Duke  of  Ar- 
^le,  and  came  afterwards  to  be  the 
Duke  himselfj  My  Lord  Dunbar 
askt^d  me  many  ouestious  about  his 
old  friends  and  fellow -students.     He 


*  Wlihftm  MaxwelK  fifth  Earl  of  Kithsdak,  who  wni  taken  pruoner  at  Preston 

14  Nov.  1715,  coavicted  of  high  treason,  and  sentenced  to  he  executed  with  the  Earl 
of  Denrentwtttcr  and  the  Viscount  of  Kcnmurc»  on  the  24 tb  Feb.  1716,  By  the 
counyse  ttnd  rcaolution  and  ingenuity  of  hiB  wife  (Lady  Winifred  Herbert,  daughter  of 
the  Marquetia  of  Powis)  he  effected  his  escape  from  the  Tower  of  London,  ai  related  in 
her  narrative  pubbsUed  in  vol.  L  of  the  Transactions  of  the  Society  of  Aatii|UAriea  of 
SGotlaod:  and  fugitively  prcuerfed  in  the  wdl-kuown  Ballad.  He  died  at  Rome, 
March  20,  17-I4|  and  the  Countens  died  alAO  Mt  Romfl  in  1740. 

t  ''  The  young  Chevalier""  wita  boro  at  Rome  on  the  3Ut  Dec.  17^0.  At  the  daie 
€f  Dr.  Cumiinghuui's  vidit  Lo  that  city  he  waa  therefore  not  quite  sixteen. 

X  The  Dake  of  York  was  born  at  Uoiue  on  Ihe  21  at  March,  17i5  ;  he  wai  therefore 
ticlwcen  ten  aud  eleven. 

§  Archibald  Campbell,  bom  1682,  constituted  Lord  High  Treasurer  of  Scoth&od 
1705,  created  Earl  of  Islay  1706,  succeeded  as  Duke  of  Argyll  I7i3,  died  1761. 


580 


A  Vmt  to  Rome  in  1730. 


[JunU| 


fi^MJmed  to  be  a  very  genteel  mnn,  and 
became  well  bis  blue  ribbon  and  star* 
lie  is  brother  to  tbc  prcseut  Lord 
Muns field,  and  was  very  early  in  the 
Hou&e  of  Commons,  before  tbe  Rebel- 
lion in  171r5,  and  was  considered  as  a 
very  line  speaker  for  bis  nge* 

The  Prince  that  afternoon  went  a 
sbooting  blackbii'ds  in  the  ^uirden,  and 
was  very  dextrous  at  it.  Tim  little 
young  Duke  his  brother  was  very 
grave,  and  behaved  like  a  little  p!iilo- 
sopher.  I  could  not  help  thinking  be 
had  some  resemblance  of  bis  great- 
grandfatbcr  Charles  I,  Walked  two 
Eours  with  Lord  Dunbttr  in  thegardenst 
and  afterw  ar d  s  w  en  t  to  the  e u  11  ee-  ho  use 
to  whieh  Lord  Wintounf  resorted  and 
aeveral  others  of  bis  stmnp^  and  there 
fell  a-ainging  old  Scots  songs  and  were 
very  merry, 

Nffvemhcr  19. — T  was  invitetl  to  dine 
with  the  Chevalter*s  physician,  Dr* 
Irvine^  who,  being  curious  for  inrml- 
riea,  mentioned  several  Anecdotes  of 
importance  relating  to  the  followers  of 
the  old  Chevalier ;  and,  u^  he  was  a 
man  of  good  sense  and  observation, 
satisfied  me  in  some  curious  particu- 
lars I  wanted  to  know  about  the  country 
of  Italy,  the  manners  oi  the  j people, 
and  the  government  that  prevudLHl. 

Notyember  20, —  Invited  to  dine  with 
Captain  Hny^  formerly  a  sea-officer  in 


the  lluBsian  servicis  Mr.  Hay,  a  brothirr 

of  Drumel//ier4  and  Mr. Campbell,!  * 
were  ull  in  the  Chevalier'^  service  j 
about  his  person.     We  bad  afWrwa 
a  little  concerto  and   supper  at  my 
clmmber* 

Not^ttiber  24. — Went  in  the  sfW- 
noon  to  the  Borghet«e  gardcnf.  where 
we  met  with  the  Duke  of  York  enter- 
taining hhn^iclf  with  some  of  his  com- 
rades at  junipinr;,  where  he  de^^ircd  ufs 
to  partake  of  the  diversion,  which  wc 
did. 

IStornnber  26. — Invited  to  dine  with 
Mr.  Hay,  Drumelzier's  brother,  where 
we  had  a  great  deal  of  good  compcuty. 
AfterwartU  went  to  the  eotlee-hou«c, 
and  chatted  about  politics  witli  the 
Earl  of  Wintoun  and  Mr-  CamnbelL 

November  30, — St.  Andrew  s  clay, 
when  a  St.  Andrew'^  cro^<  was  »cnt 
me  by  the  Duke  of  York,  lleiird  gnind 
music  at  the  St.  Andrew*s  della  Valle* 
and  afterwanb  at  Cunlina!  Ottoboni**  : 
likewise  music  at  Sf .  Angclo.  InvitiHi 
to  sup  at  Mr.  IlAy's*  laughed  and  dratik 
a  good  whilct  where  we  luid  the  Earl 
of  Wintoun,  and  a  great  deal  of  good 
company. 

December  1.— Walked  in  the  V^IIa 
Ludovisi,  and  saw  the  young  l*rtnoe« 
there;  and  the  Chevalier  '^  ■'    v 

at  the  Capuchin?,  and  was  ^>  > 

see  him  so  fond  of  hh  dirty  gr-M^y 


*  The  Hon.  Jnme^  Murray,  lecond  son  of  David  fifth  Vlscoont  of  Siormont,  wm 
admitted  a  mcmhtrr  of  the  faculty  of  ndvocat^fl  1710,  elected  to  parliament  for  F«-   rv 
&c.  in  1710  and  1713,  and  agiitn  in  1715,  bat  then  declared  not  duly  elected.     11 
at  Avignon  in  Aug.  1770,  hijing  about  eighty  year*  of  age. — Douglaa'a  Peeraj5c*»t  ^^^ 
hind,  hy  Wood,  vol  ii.  p.  543,  where  his  creation  to  the  title  of  Viscount  DtmUr  by 
the  Pretender  itt  unnoticed* 

t  George  Seton,  fifth  Earl  of  Wintoun,  entered  England  with  the  rebel*  in  17'' 
WM  taken  prisontT  at   Preston,  found  ^lilty  of  high  treoBoti,  but  escaped  ff' 
Tower  of  London  on  the  Uh  Aug,  1716,  and  died  unmarried  at   Rome  on   th- 
Dec.  1749.     Early  in  life  he  received  this  charrictcr  from  Mackay  :  *'  He  »»  «  j-  nu^ 
gentleman  wbo  hath  been  much  abroad  in  the  wodd,  is  mitfhty  $u/jjeet  io  apardruiyr 
caprice  ualurai  to  hix  familif  ;  hath  a  good  estate  ;  a  zealous  protirstajit ;  not  2:*  ye4r« 
old,'*   It  wai  probably  hia  characteristic  caprice  that  induced  him  to  becotiie  tW*'  p'^rmn 
of  the  Freemasons  io  Italy,  to  whom  he  introdaeed  Dr.  Cunniogbain  **   i  fi 

the  27th  Dec.   1736»  atul  a  few  dns  nfttr  an  a  member,  ms  appears  by  tl*  ^ 

paasage:  "  1737, /wj^.  2.— Mr.  AUnn  Ramsay  and  I  thtg  erening;  were  i. ..*,,;  ^ 
frcemaaona  by  the  Earl  of  Wintoun,  a^  Grand  Mnater  of  the  Romaw  Lodge.— Afemo- 
randttm  (added  at  a  subsequent  date)  July  1778,  Mr.  M'Gown  brought  me  from 
Paria,  from  Mr.  Andrew  L«m*den  my  cooain,  the  original  book  of  mmulei  of  th« 
Roman  Lodge  of  Freemaaons,  to  which  is  referred  for  ia«pectiofi  and  ejtaminaUon.  tt 
being  noxv  in  my  custody.  It  was  found,  I  auppose,  in  the  Earl  of  Wintona'a  coitody 
it  his  death/'  ' 

t  Hay  of  Drumelzier.  who  died  in  1789,  in  bjs  8fttb  year,  was  a  grandion  of  tH« 
first  Earl  of  Tweeddale.  Douglai'a  Peerage  by  Wood,  vol  ii*  p.  Cm,  Of  hk  youitger 
brother,  Wilham.  nothing  more  is  recorded  in  tbc  place  juit  cited  but  tbtt  he  d{eil 
without  usue. 


1853.] 


A  Vistii  to  Rome  in  1736. 


581 


I 


priests.  Perc  (Uank)  is  his  favoiinte. 
Caiiio  afterwurds  to  tho  play,an<l  iienrd 
thij  liilcrmczzofi  for  the  bst  time  this 
winter. 

December  8. — While  we  were  walk- 
mg  from  the  Teniplo  of  Bacchus,  our 
old  iViend  the  pardon  Mr.  Smith  *  being 
with  us,  lueeliog  tht!  Chevalier  in  his 
coacli,  with  Lord  Nithsilale  and  Mr. 
John  Stawart,  Lord  Bute'sf  brother^ 
wc  saluted  them  as  we  passed,  and  had 
a  very  polite  bow  in  return  from  them 
all.  The  English  parson  on  this  oc- 
casion made  some  moral  rellcctioiis 
upon  tiie  unhappy  fate  of  the  old  Che- 
valier, who  had  lost  three  kingdoms 
for  his  religion,  and  whose  aspect  had 
a  very  melancholy  cast. 

December  13- — Heard  solemn  ina.^s 
at  St.  John  de  Lateran,  with  grand 
music.  The  French  arabiissador,  the 
Duke  de  St.  Aiguan,  who  was  a  very 
pious  man,  and  it  was  said  would  soou 
be  made  a  Cardimd,  he,  and  a  great 
retinue  with  hini,  assistetl  there*  In 
the  afternoon  went  with  CamUlo,  &c. 
to  the  Borghc'ie  Gardens,  where  we 
met  with  the  old  Chevalier's  family  ; 
the  Prince,  we  observed,  was  an  ad- 
mirable shooter. 

December  24. — Dr.  Lnrinc,  Captain 
Hay,  and  Mr.  Hay  dined  with  me. 
Afier  dinner  we  had  a  visit  from  Lord 
Wintoun  at  my  house^  where  plenty  of 
Scots  tunes  and  Scots  healths  went 
round.  It  being  the  eve  of  Christmas, 
attended  at  the  Tope's  Chapel,  and 
heard  the  solemnity  o(  the  music  there. 
Atler wards  was  present  in  the  Great 
Hall,  where  above  twenty  csirdinals 
were  at  supper »  served  by  bishops  and 
dignified  clergy nien  in  their  robes. 
The  Pope,!  who  was  then  blind,  could 
not  be  with  them,  which  I  suppose  is 
usual ;  but  he  supped  privately  in  the 
next  room  to  where  they  were. 

December  31. — This  evening,  being 

that  of  Prince  Churleii's  birthday,  Car- 

Idinal  Corsini,  the  Protector  of  Britjdn, 

fave  a  magnilicent  ball  at  his  palace. 
^ukc  Strozzi,  a  Chevalier  of  Malta  of 
tHie  family,  directed  the  balL  A  young 
rlady  of  the  Borghese^  and  another  of 


the  Bernini  who  accompanied  her,  were 
both  very  handsome,  and  very  richly 
dressed  lu  jewels,  the  hist  being  the 
intro<luctrix  of  the  first,  who  took  her 
leave  of  all  the  ladies  in  the  most  solemn 
manner,  being  in  a  few  days  to  be  made 
a  nun,  which  greatly  alfected  the  whole 
company,  especially  the  many  English 
noblemen  and  gentlemen  who  were 
present.  Signore  Sudoriui,  Gcti uno,  and 
Collagola  were  all  handsome,  but  Bao- 
naveutura  particularly  so;  she  danced 
with  the  young  Prince  Charles.  We 
observed  all  the  ladies  had  jewels  of 
immense  value,  but  especially  the 
mother  of  the  young  Borghese  who 
was  to  fall  the  sacrifiee  so  soon  after, 
being  made  a  nun.  They  danced  mi- 
nuets and  country -dances  alternaiely. 
The  Constable  Colonna,  the  Duke 
Graviu,  a  Prince  Justiniani,  and  Ko- 
spiniosi,  uncle  of  the  Borghese,  were 
all  dressed  in  clothes  of  the  richest 
brocades.  The  two  sons  of  the  Che- 
valier were  both  dressed  very  well ;  the 
eldest  looked  best  \  but  none  of  them 
ia  dancing  had  so  much  spirit  ws  the 
Chevaliers  two  sons,  Prince  Charles 
and  the  Duke  of  York,  which  last 
danced  very  genteelly  the  Amable  Va- 
nic^ue.  Most  of  all  the  English  then 
at  Eome  were  present;  also  many 
German,  Dutch,  and  Swiss  gentlemen. 
Our  acquaintance  the  Count  de  Linden 
danced  among  the  country -dances;  also 
the  French  ambassador's  two  sons,  and 
a  French  colonel  of  horse  called  the 
Miu-quess  Crescent io,  the  handsomettt 
man  present  there,  and  a  fine  dancer. 
Cardinals  Corsini,  AlbaDO,and  Bigi  wore 
present  in  black  velvet  coat^,  s<farlet 
stockings,  and  red  heehj.  The  hall  was 
very  magnificent,  adorned  with  lustres 
antf  statues,  and  the  best  paintings  of 
Rome  in  the  roof  by  Pietro  de  Cor* 
tana.  The  young  Chevaher,  Pnnce 
Charles,  was  received  in  the  staircase 
by  the  Prince  Corsini  and  his  mother, 
and  conducted  into  the  ball* room, 
where  the  ball  began  with  the  young 
Patrici,  who  advanced  mighty  well,  as 
does  her  mother,  who  is  under  forty, 
still  a  pretty  good  dancer  and  much 


*  See  the  note  Feb.  number,  p.  163. 

f  James,  tbe  only  brother  of  the  Etrl  of  Bute  (aftenrarda  Pritne  Miniater  to 
I'Oeoi^e  III.)  waa  bora  in  Hl^i^i  and  took  the  name  of  MKckeozie  on  succeeding  to  the 
|tttate  of  bia  greater iindf a ther,  Sir  George  Mackenzie.     He  died  in  1800^  in  his  B2nd 


pjcar. 


X  Lorenzo  Coraini  became  Pope  as  Clement  XIL  in  1730j  ind  died  in  1740* 


o82 


A   VuU  to  Rome  in  1736. 


[June, 


admired.  Her  history  with  the  Mar- 
quess Crescentio  was  told  me,  but  I 
have  forgot  it.  Tlierc  were  oilcred 
all  sorts  ot*  coni'ections  and  renfrescos 
served  in  great  order.  The  company 
did  not  part  till  ahout  two  in  the  morn- 
ing. The  old  Chevalier,  the  St.  George, 
IVince  Charles's  lather,  was  there.  lie 
came  at  eight  o'clock  and  stayed  till 
twelve ;  he  was  dressed  in  an  olive- 
coloured  velvet,  embroidered  with  gold, 
and  was  a  tall,  thin,  raw-boned  man, 
with  a  sallow  complexion,  and  a  pretty 
high  nose,  with  a  strong  likeness  of  aU 
the  Stuart  family.  Though  upon  other 
occasions  we  observed  him  have  a  me- 
lancholy cast,  he  that  evening  api)eared 
very  gay  and  well  pleased,  and  seemed 
to  be  much  in  conversation  with  the 
French  ambassador. 

1737,  Jannary  12. — Ended  the  after- 
noon in  walking  with  Mr.  Campbell 
by  the  Porto  Ludovisi,  and  sum>ed  at 
Captain  Fletcher's,  one  of  the  Cheva- 
lier's family,  who  taught  Prince  Charles 
fencing,  in  which,  he  said,  he  was  a 
great  proficient. 

February  2«. — Went  to  the  o|)era 
with  Mr.  IJarclay's  governor,  who  was 
of  liis  name,  a  worthy  ohl  man  I  knew 
formerly  in  Scotland.  Here  we  saw  the 
Duke  of  JJerwi(;k,*  with  the  Chevalier 
and  his  two  sons,  the  young  Princes. 

[We  tiliaU  conclude  the  present  selection 
from  Dr.  Cunningham's  Diary  with  some 
further  passages  relative  to  the  manners 
and  customs  of  Rome  at  the  period  of  his 
visit,  still  ri'siTving  matters  relating  to  art 
and  anticiuities.] 

17;i(),  Nonemher  '25. — Went  to  the 
church  of  St.  Catharine,  where  J  heard 
the  music  of  the  Pope's  chapel.  There 
were  twenty-two  cardinals  present, 
particularly  IJarbarini,  Albano,  Camer- 
luigo,  two  Altieri,  Spinola,  Gentili, 
Cullona,  (^ulievieri,  two  Albanos,  and 
the  Pope's  nei)hew  cardinal  Corsini, 
who  was  very  like  old  Sir  John  Hogg 
,  of  Cambo ;  also  the  Pope's  Secretary, 
a  handsome  tall  old  man ;  they  were 
all  grey-haired  and  venerable,  but  too 
oflen  look  merry ;  Cardinal  Ottolxini 
was  tluTc  also,  and  Petro,  St.  Genario, 
Caraffii,  Fini,  Cellari,  Brigi.  The 
music  was  more  magnificent  than  yes- 


terday, but  the  church  not  so  fine. 
All  the  altar-pieces  were  coTered  with 
silver  shrines. 

1737,  January  18.— Went  with  Mr. 
Barclay  to  Caracalla*s  Baths,  which  are 
the  most  stupendous  ruins  of  that  kind 
in  Rome.  Ihc  Pope  employs  sevenil 
of  them  as  granaries  for  keeping  wheat; 
for,  as  the  father  of  his  people,  he  lays 
in  great  stores  for  bread  in  cheap 
seasons,  and,  when  there  is  a  scarcitj, 
he  supplies  the  bakers  so  well  as  to 
keep  the  price  of  bread  the  very  same 
in  all  seasons.  The  profit  he  has  in 
plentiful  years  enables  him  to  suffer 
the  loss  by  the  difierencc  in  times  of 
scarcity.  This  is,  indeed,  a  wonderful 
instance  of  good  policy,  and  ouffht  to 
be  imitated  in  all  states  where  it  can 
be  obtained.  The  Pope  has  likewise 
great  magazines  of  wine  of  the  growth 
of  the  vineyards  in  and  about  Komcb 
which  arc  deposited  in  the  great  cel- 
lars of  the  ^lonte  Testaccio,  and  sold 
out  thence  to  the  citizens  of  Rome  at 
an  ec^ual  price  with  uniformity,  as  I 
have  experienced  when  mj  serrant 
Anthony  bought  wine  for  me  from 
thence,  called  by  the  names  of  Gensano 
and  Monte  Jovi  wines,  &c.  The  Monte 
Pulciano  wines  came  from  Tuscany, 
and  were  somewhat  dearer. 

February  2. — ^Being  Saturday,  weut 
to  see  the  function  ot  the  candles  at 
the  Pope's  Chapel,  it  being  Candlemaa 
Day,  where  every  one  of  us,  as  we 
walked,  ibreigners  as  well  as  natives. 
Papists  us  well  as  Protestants,  were 
presented  each  with  a  candle. 

Februiiry  13. — This  day  the  Pope 
chose  a  new  Roman  senator  in  t£e 
place  of  Franffipani,  deceased.  lie  is 
a  Swede,  called  Count  Bielki,  of  a 
noble  family.  It  is  a  political  maxim 
here  to  choose  a  stranger  into  that 
office.  They  made  rejoicing  on  hit 
account  that  day,  and  in  the  night 
there  were  fine  fireworks. 

February  23.~The  first  day  of  the 
Carnival  went  to  see  the  execution  of 
justice  (so  called  at  Rome)  upon  the 
Abbe  Count  Trevilli,  who  wrote  a  aa« 
tire  against  the  Pope  and  Camera,  noi 
near  so  bitter  as  are  daily  written  in 
our  public  [)apcr8  a^inst  the  Kins 
and  the  Ministry.    He  had  his  head 


*  The  first  Duke  of  Berwick,  the  natural  son  of  James  the  Second,  was  killad  at  tha 
siege  of  PhilipHburg  in  1734.  The  person  mentioned  in  the  text  was  therefore  his  aon 
the  second  Duke. 


1853.] 


7%B  Phihpseiidiis  ofLuvmn* 


583 


cut  off  by  a  maehioe  exactly  like  our 
Mniclew  in  Scotland,  whicli  has  a  hroad 
axe,  loaded  witb  lead  on  tbe  back,  and 
is  pulled  by  n  rope  and  pulley  up  a 
large  timber  s^Iider,  six  or  eight  feet 
high  ;  there  ia  a  block  beluw  on  which 
the  crimiriars  bead  h  fixetl  by  his  neck  ; 
then  the  executioner,  when  the  Maiden 
h  pulled  up,  and  the  rope  fastened  be- 
low, and  the  criminal  placed,  he  with 
a  smjill  axe  cuts  tbe  rope,  and  in  an 
instant  the  head  is  separated  from  the 
body.  This  machine  iras  invented  in 
Scotland,  as  it  ia  aaid^  by  the  Regent 
the  Earl  of  Morton,  in  Queen  Mary*a 
time ;  and,  what  was  remarkable,  after 
the  Regent  was  condemned  for  treason, 
he  was  the  first  that  was  beheaded  by 
it.  Mr,  Ramsay  and  I  were  placed  in 
a  window  so  near  that  we  aaw  the 
whole  of  this  tragedy.  The  priest  took 
the  gentleman  often  backwards  and 
forwards  into  a  large  room  to  make 


him  discorer  hia  aceompltces,  and  to 
renounce  what  he  had  written,  neither 
of  which  he  would  do.  He  was  not 
allowed  to  «peuk  to  the  people,  who 
were  very  numeroUi?  assembled,  and 
an  infinite  number  of  ladies  and  gentle- 
men at  the  windows.  We  were  told  by 
some  who  were  vt^ry  near  him,  that  he 
thought  he  got  very  hard  justice.  He 
died  with  the  greatest  resolution  and 
firmness,  and  appeared  to  us  from  the 
window  to  be  a  man  of  a  tall  line  per- 
son, and  looked  very  like  a  gentleman. 
Everybody  seemed  to  be  very  sorry 
for  his  fate.  But  as  we  say  in  Scot- 
land it  may  be  ?aid  here  of  the  Fope 
an<l  the  priests,  "  Beware  to  attack  tne 
De'il  and  the  laird's  buiru!?." 

Febntart/  "IH. — Went  to  the  Corso 
de'  Cavalh,  where  there  was  bloody 
work  upon  the  horses*  backs  by  the 
priekly  plates  of  iron  acting  upon  them 
when  they  run. 


THE  PHILOPSEUDES  OF  LUCIAN. 


THAT  there  is  nothing  new  under 
the  sun  is  an  apophthegm  especially 
true  with  respect  to  the  literature  of 
rictioii ;  indec<l  tlie  origin  of  all  the 
best-kno\vu  tales  of  mo4]erji  Europe 
may  be  traced  till  they  disappear  in  Ihc 
darkest  gulnha  of  antiuuity,  as  if  in- 
vention, prolific  in  the  infancy  of  the 
world,  had  become  sterile  in  its  ma- 
turity. Thus,  with  the  exception  of 
that  portion  of  it  which  portrays  tbe 
manners  of  the  age  to  which  it  belongs, 
the  primary  idea  of  nearly  all  may  be 
found  in  the  remains  of  the  Greek  and 
Roman  authors.  When  we  consider 
how  many  of  their  writings  have  been 
lost  to  us,  we  may  believe  that,  if  we 
had  the  whole,  we  should  find  their 
successors  had  little  indeed  to  boost  of 
in  point  of  invention. 

In  the  Philopseudes,  or  Lover  of 
Lies,  Lucian  has  thrown  together  a 
few  tales  of  witchcrall  and  necromancy, 
each  of  which  contains  the  germ  of 
many  legends  of  later  times,     Tbe  cx- 

iiulsion  of  reptiles  from  Ireland  by  St. 
^atrick,  the  \Vild  Huntsman  of  (jct- 
many,  and  the  statue  in  Don  Giovanni, 
though  doubtless  transmitted  tluv>ugh 
many  auccessive  versions,  seem  here  to 
have  bad  Ihdr  original  source.     IMany 


simitar  instances  trill  suggest  thetu* 
selves  to  the  reader  versed  in  the  lore 
of  the  nmrvellous. 

The  tales  are  thus  introduced  :^Ty- 
chiades  (which  is  hut  another  name  tot 
Lucian  himnell')  expresses  to  a  friend 
hia  surprise  that  people  are  so  generally 
addicted  to  lying.  Some,  he  says,  do 
so  for  the  sake  of  profit ;  pocta,  again ^ 
tell  lies  for  their  hearers  entertain* 
ment ;  and  states  intersj»erse  fabulous 
tales  with  their  early  history,  for  the 
puqiose  of  enhancing  their  dignity. 
All  these  he  deems  excusable ;  but  how 
jrravB  and  bearded  rnen  can  tell  a  serica 
of  palpable  lies  without  any  object,  he 
is  utterly  unabletoun'  -  • — '  The^e 
reflections  have  l>eei«  i  tu  him 

by  a  morning-visit  Ik  i...-  ,,^,4  paid  to 
Lucrates,  a  wealthy  Athenian  gentle- 
man, who  is  ill  of  the  gout,  Of  this 
visit  he  proceeds  to  give  n  narrative. 
On  entering  he  found  in  tbe  sick 
chamber,  besi«les  the  invalid,  hk  phy- 
sician Antigonus  and  three  philoso- 
phers, each  of  whom  was  lookefl  upon 
as  the  head  of  his  sect — Ion  the  n»- 
tonist,  Dtnomachus  the  Stoic,  and 
Cleodemujs  tbe  Peripatetic.  Tho  «iek 
miui*a  disorder  had  naturally  siven  tho 
turn  to  the  conversation,  ancl  Tychiadc^ 


564 


The  Philopseudeu  of  Luvian, 


[June, 


found  them  engaged  in  discussing  vrhat 
are  commonly  culled  sympathetic  re- 
medies. He  imprudently  expreaaed 
his  utter  disbelief  in  the  efficacy  of 
spells  and  periapts^  and  was  at  once 
attacked  on  all  fsldes  ns  an  atheist.  His 
narrative  then  proceeds  as  follows  : — 
**  Never  mind  him/'  cried  Ion,  **  but 
listen  to  me.  1  was  quite  a  lad^ — four- 
teen, perhaps,  or  thereabouts — ^when 
one  came  and  tolil  my  father  that  one 
of  his  men,  Mida.s  a  stout  hi  ml  and 
active^  had  been  bitten  by  a  viper,  and 
his  leg  wa»  mortify i  ng.  He  was  fasten- 
ing the  vines  round  the  polesj  when 
the  beast  crept  up  and  bit  him  in  the 
toe,  and  before  he  was  aware  it  was 
back  again  in  its  hole.  The  poor  fellow 
screamed  out,  being  in  great  toroient. 
We  had  scarce  heard  the  ill  news  when 
some  of  the  slaves  came  up  carrying 
Midas  on  a  bed.  'Twos  a  sad  tiling 
to  see  him  all  swollen  and  livid,  a  cold 
dew  on  the  surface  of  his  body,  and 
with  scarce  any  life  in  him.  My  father 
was  vexed  enough.  *  Never  mind,* 
cried  one  who  stood  by ;  ^  I  will  letch 
the  Babylonian — Chaldeans,  I  think, 
they  call  them — he  will  soon  cure  him.* 
To  be  brief^  the  Babylonian  came,  and, 
fastening  to  the  foot  a  stone  taken  from 
a  virgin's  tomb,  he  muttered  a  charm, 
and  the  venom  was  drawn  out.  You 
may  thiuk  it  a  slight  matter:  1  don*t 
know  as  to  that.  The  man^  without 
any  helpj  took  up  the  bed  on  which  he 
.  layt  and  walked  back  into  the  country ; 
such  power  had  the  charm  and  the 
stone  froDi  the  tomb.  But,  whatever 
yon  may  think  of  that,  some  of  the 
Chaldean's  feats  were  really  surprising. 
One  day  at  dawn  he  went  to  our 
conn  try -estate,  and  circumambulated 
it  thrice,  purifying  it  as  he  went  by 
burning  sulphur,  lie  then  pronounced 
seven  holy  names  taken  from  an  ancient 
parchment.  At  the  words  come  crawl- 
ing out  all  the  vermin  on  the  farm 
^-snakes,  asps,  and  vipers,  horned 
and  darting  adders,  efts  and  toads. 
One  old  setpent  only  remained  behind  : 
his  age,  I  fancy,  mnJe  him  lazy. 
*  You  are  not  all  liere,*  cried  the  ma- 
gician. He  then  took  the  youngest 
serpent  there,  and  bade  him  i'etch  the 
old  one.  In  a  few  minutes  ihey  came 
back  together.  When  they  were  all 
assembled,  the  sorcerer  breathed  on 
them,  and.  in  a  moment  they  were 
scorched  to  ashes*  We  all  stared,  I 
2 


assure  you." — "  Pray,**  said  I,  •*  did  the 

young  serpent  lead  the  old  one  by  the 
hand?  or  perhaps,  pour  old  fellow,  he 
had  his  atafi'  to  lean  on  ?" — "  Don*t 
talk  so,  I  beg,"  exclaimed  Cleodema&. 
^*  Let  nie  tell  you  1  was  as  great  a  dis* 
believer  as  yourself;  but  when  I  aaw 
a  man  dying  through  the  air — ^be  came, 
he  said,  from  the  n;yperboreaiis — 1 
was  necessarily  a  believer.  Indeed 
how  could  I  be  otherwise,  seeing  him 
in  broad  dajlight  itying  in  the  air, 
walking  through  fire  or  on  the  water, 
all  quite  at  his  ease?" — ''Did  you 
really,"  said  I,  "  see  the  Hyj>erboreaa 
dying  through  the  air  or  walking  on 
the  water?" — '^  Most  certainly,**  re- 
plied he ;  "  and  he  had  his  raw -leather 
boots  on,  such  as  his  countrymeu  usu- 
ally wear.  His  lesser  feats  I  ttass  over. 
One  thing  I  will  tell  you  tuat  I  saw 
done  in  the  house  of  Gluucias.  Glau- 
cias  had  lost  his  father,  and  had  just 
come  into  his  properly.  He  was  a 
pupil  of  mine,  and,  had  he  not  foobshly 
fallen  in  love  and  neglected  his  studies 
he  would  soon  have  learnt  all  I  couid 
teach  him.  He  was  but  eight  ecu,  and 
he  had  finished  his  physical  course,  and 
was  beginning  dijuectics*  Poor  hoy  I 
he  came  to  me  quite  beside  hiinsef 
with  love.  I  thought  it  my  duty  as 
his  tutor  to  call  tn  nt  onc^  the  Hyper- 
borean. The  terms  were  soon  agre«?<l 
on  :  four  niinff  paid  down — some  pre* 
liminary  sacrifices  were  necessary — ^aiK* 
sixteen  more  to  be  paid  when  the  youi 
man  obtained  his  Chrysis.  The  wizai 
dug  a  trench  in  a  part  of  the  hou 
that  was  open  to  the  sky.  When  tli 
moon  was  on  the  increase — the  tiui 
favourable  for  these  things — he  took  us 
to  the  spot  at  the  dead  of  night,  and 
culled  up  Glaucias^s  father,  who  hud^  ^ 
been  dead  seven  mouths;  the  old 
tleman  at  tirst  tlew  into  a  rage  at 
son's  folly,  but  after  a  time  gave  \i 
consent.  Next,  Hecate  was  brought  u; 
dragging  Cerberus  after  her.  Then 
Moon  was  drawn  down  from  the  ski i 
presenting  a  singular  spectacle,  sbil 
mg  from  shape  to  shape — a  woman 
a  heifer's,  and  a  puppy -dog*s.  Last 
all  the  wise  man  made  a  bttle  Cupid 
clay,  and  crying  to  it,  *  Olf  with  yoi 
and  fetch  Chrysis;*  away  it  flew,  m 
before  long  we  heai*<J  a  knocking  at 
d<»or;  we  opened  it,  and  found  tl 
young  lady  there.  At  cock-crow  t]i( 
Moon  ilew   up   to  the  skief,  HtHmi 


1853.] 


The  PhilopSBudes  of  Lucian. 


585 


Slink  down  underground,  antl  the  otber 
apparition)*  vanisuc^j;  ns  for  Chrpi;?, 
we  sent  her  home  abciiit,  day-break. 
Had  jrou  seen  all  tliis»"  jidde<l  he,  turn- 
ing to  me,  "  you  (loo  would  have  been 
a  beh'evLr."— "  Highf /'  said  I,  ''  Iiad  I 
iseeu  it,  I  would  have  believed  it :  now 
you  must  pardon  nie,  wanting,  as  1  do, 
your  iiuiekness  of  sight.  But  now  tell 
me  this :  I  know  the  young  lady  you 
apeak  of;  what  need  wjxs  there  of 
images  of  clay,  and  wizards,  and  moons 
from  the  skies?  Give  her  twenty 
drachma,  and  shc*d  follow  you  to  the 
ends  of  the  earth  \  indeed,  that  charm 
is  very  potent  with  her ;  people  say, 
and  youi  I  presume,  are  of  tlie  number, 
ring  a  pitce  of  brass  and  ghosts  run 
away  ;  just  the  reverse  is  the  case  with 
her;  ring  a  piece  of  silver,  and  slie*s 
sure  to  run  to  you.  A^ain,  let  me  nsk 
you  this  :  the  wizard  might  easily  have 
rendered  himself  beloved  by  ladies  who 
would  gladly  have  given  htm  talents 
by  wholesale,  why  then  take  four  minse 
from  Glaucias?**^ — **You  make  your* 
self  ridiculous,"  cried  Ion,  *'  by  these 
doubts.  I  should  like  to  ask  you  what 
you  think  of  those  who  cure  people 
possessed,  driving  out  the  demons  by 
their  s[Kdlji*  I  need  not  cite  you  in- 
stances ;  every  one  has  heard  of  the 
Syrian  from  Palestine,^  who  ia  clever 
in  those  case^,  where  at  the  sight  of  the 
moon  the  patient  falls  to  the  ground, 
rolling  his  eyes,  and  foaming  at  the 
mouth.  When  he  is  in  t!iis  state,  the 
exorci&er  comes  to  him,  and  n^ks  the 
spirit  whence  he  comes  from;  the  sick 
man  says  nothing,  but  the  demon 
answers  in  the  Ungun^e  of  the  coun- 
try he  comes  from,  whether  Greek 
or  barbarian,  both  as  to  whence  he  is 
and  how  he  got  into  the  man ;  then 
the  wijeartl,  by  conjuration^  or,  if  that 
will  not  do,  by  threats,  drives  him  out. 
I  myself  have  seen  one  ^oingout:  it 


"  Nay,"  broke  in  Eucratea,  "  there  are 
many  besides  Ion,  who  have  fallen  in 
with  denion?.  I  myself  b:ive  j^een  them 
thousantls  of  times*  At  first  I  used  to 
be  frightened,  Ijut  now  I  think  nothing 
of  thenij  especially  since  an  Arabian 
sorcerer  gave  me  a  ring  made  of  iron 
from  gibbets^  and  taught  me  the  sfKill 
of  many  names.  This,  perhaps,  you 
may  cavil  at ;  but  what  one  of  my 
statues  does,  the  whole  household  — 
young  and  old — will  tell  you.  You 
have  remarked,  I  dare  say,  a  statue 
standinij  in  my  court  close  by  the 
tank,  with  a  bald  head  and  round  belly, 
its  cloak  half  off  its  sh()uTdor,  ils  beard 
blown  about,  and  veins  swollen — in 
fac^i  just  like  life:  'tis  Pellichn^  of 
Corinth." — ^*'  Yes,"  said  I,  "  I  have  re- 
marked him :  he  has  fillets  and  withered 
garlands  mx  his  head,  and  gilded  plates 
on  his  chest." — **Aye,"  replied  Eu- 
cratcs,  **  1  had  them  gilded  when  he 
oared  me  of  a  tertian  ague,  of  which  I 
was  like  to  have  died.  * — **  He  was  in 
the  medical  line,  then,  this  fine  fellow?* 
said  L — *^ne  wns  so,"  replied  Eucrates, 
with  gravity,  "and  I  would  advise  you 
to  speak  respectfully,  or  you  will  sulFer 
for  it  before  long.  I  knt>w  whsit  his 
power  is-  Ferha|>9  you  forget  that  ono 
who  cures  fevers  can  as  easily  cause 
Ihera,"—'*  I  be^  the  statue*8  pardon," 
said  It  **  but  wnat  are  his  other  per- 
formances ?  you  say  the  whole  house* 
hold  have  witnessed  them  "f — "  Every 
night,"  answered  Eu crates,  "as  soon  as 
it  IS  dark,  he  descends  from  his  pe* 
destal,  and  walks  round  the  housOi 
sometimes  ssingtng  us  he  gf^e*i.  AVe  have 
all  of  us  fallen  m  wilh  him,  and  he 
does  no  one  any  harm;  you  have  only 
to  get  out  of  his  way,  and  he  passes  by 
quietly  \  for  the  mo5t  part  he  bathes 
and  amuses  himself  all  night  long ;  you 
may  hear  the  water  splasliing.  Again 
I  would  advise  you,  Tychiades,  not  to 


was  black  and  smoky  in  colour/* — **No  be  too  free  with  your  jokes.     I  know 

woncJer,  Ion,"  said  1,  **  that  you  should  how  he  punished  the  man  who  stole  the 

see  such  sights  ;  a  disciple  of  Plato  can  obols  we  offer  him  QV<*Ty  new  moon." 

see  iV^YM— things  far  too  shadowy  for  — '*  And  served  him  rights''  cried  Ion, 

the  eyes  of  us  thick-sighted  mortals." —  "  a  sacrilegious  wretch  I    But  pray  tell 


*  Some  comimmtators  have  supposed  thit  Lndan  here  intended  to  cast  ridicule  on 
some  Christian  enorcis^r  ;  but,  if  such  was  his  object^  it  docs  not  appear  why  he  did 
not  speak  ont,  as  bis  **  Death  of  Peregrinui"  shows  that  he  had  no  roserTC  in  cipreia- 
ing  an  ill  opinion  of  the  Christians.  Here  it  ia  prabable  that  some  such  person  as  the 
sons  of  .ScevA  (Acts  six.  14)  is  alluded  to. 

t  Perhiipa  the  germ  of  ihii  story  maj  be  found  in  that  of  the  hero  Aftrabacos. 
Bfirod.  V.  69. 

Getit.  Mao.  Vol.  XX XIX-  4  F 


The  PhilopaeudcM  of  Lucian. 


^JlUl^y 


113  all  about  it,  let  Tycbiadcs  think 
wlmt  he  pleases  " — **  There  were  a  great 
number  uf  obols,"  coatinued  Eucrates, 
"  lying  at  his  feet,  besides  ailver  coina 
and  plates  fast-ened  with  wax  to  his 
thighe,  given  cither  by  people  he  had 
cured  or  by  thode  who  hnpt-d  to  be 
€ured.  We  had  a  good-for-nothing 
fellow  in  the  house — a  groom  from 
Libya — ^he  took  it  into  ]i\a  bead  that 
Le  would  wutch  one  night  till  the  statue 
lell  hiti  pedestal,  and  steal  the  offer- 
ings, lie  did  so  :  when  the  statue 
came  back,  he  saw  the  trick  that  had 
been  played  him ;  he  took  his  revenge 
thus  ;  he  kept  the  thief  running  round 
and  round  tne  court,  aa  if  he  were  in 
a  labyrinth,  till  morning  came,  and 
he  was  taken  in  the  tact.  At  the 
time  he  got  a  sound  beating  \  but  that 
was  not  alii  every  night,  he  told  us, 
he  waa  well  flogged;  indeed,  every 
moraine  we  saw  the  weals  upon  his 
body ;  he  did  not  hold  up  long,  but 
died  miserably."  Here  the  physician 
chimed  in.  " 'Tis  just  Uke  my  Hip- 
pocratea :"  said  he,  ^*  a  brazen  statue, 
a  cubit  in  height :  the  instant  t  he  light  is 
out  he  goes  all  round  the  house,  clat- 
tering with  his  feet  and  slamming  the 
doors — aometiraes  he  upsets  my  drug 
boxes  and  mixes  my  drugs  together — 
we  observe  he  is  especially  mischievous 
when  the  sacrifice  is  delayed  that  we 
give  him  once  a  year.^* — ^'  Well,"  said 
Eucrates,  ^^  let  me  tell  you  what  hap- 
pened to  me  about  five  yeiira  ago. 
Twas  in  the  summer  at  vintage  time« 
At  mid-day  I  dismissetl  my  laboureru 
and  wandered  by  myself  into  the  wood, 
turning  over  something  in  my  mind. 
1  was  now  in  the  thickest  part  when  1 
heard  the  baying  of  liounda ;  His  only  my 
boy  JVInason,  thouo;ht  I,  hunting  in  the 
forciit*  1  was  mistaKcn :  before  long  the 
earth  quukcd,  and  I  heard  a  noise  as 
of  thunder  ;  then  ^1  saw  a  woman  ap- 
proaching— a  frightful  object — half  a 
stadium  in  height;  in  her  feft  hand  she 
had  a  torch,  in  her  right  a  sword  a 
cubit  long;  below  she  was  serpen- 
tinet  her  face  like  a  gorgon's,  with 
snakes  instead  of  hair  twisting  about 
her  neck  and  down  her  shoulders.  You 
Bee,"  added  he,  **  how  the  mere  relation 
of  it  makeH  me  shudder  T  ancl  he 
showed  us  his  arm,  on  which  the  hairs 
were  standing  upright.  The  old  fools 
about  him — pretty  mstructors  ofyouth 
indeed — swiulowod  without  difficulty 


his  tale  of  an  apparition  half  a  stodi 
in  height. — "  Pray,"  said  Dinociachi 
"  of  what  size  were  the  dogs  you  8»i . 
with  her." — "Taller," replied  Lucrates, 
"a  good  deal,  than  the  Indian  ele- 
phants< — horrible  objects  were  they — - 
black,  shaggy,  and  squalid.  I  Lad 
presence  of  mind  enough  to  turn  th^ 
seal  of  the  ring  the  Arabian  gave  m 
towards  the  inside  of  my  finger, 
no  sooner  had  I  done  so,  than  llecat^ 
struck  the  ground  with  her  serpentine  ^ 
foot,  and  a  chasm  opened,  into  which  ■ 
she  disappeared  with  a  lean  :  I  caught  1 
hold  of  a  tree  that  grew  nign,  and  leay  * 
ing  over  peeped  into  the  pit ;  and  what 
do  you  think  I  saw  ?  all  the  > 
Ilades,  the  burning  stream,  thi 
lake,  Cerberus,  and  the  dead,  indeed 
some  of  them  I  recognized :  uiy  own 
father  I  saw  quite  plainly,  dressed  in 
the  very  clothes  in  which  we  buried 
him." — "And  what,  pray,  were  tha 
souls  doing  ?"  cried  lon.^ — "  They  weria 
reposing  on  asphodel-beds,*'  replied 
Eucrates,  "chatting  pleasantly  wiili 
their  friends  and  relations." — * 
proves  Epicurus  in  the  wrong 
souls,  and  Plato  in  the  right,"  res|)oi 
the  Flatonist.  ''But  how  about  So 
crates  and  Plato?  did  you  happen  ti) 
see  either  of  them" — "Wh/,  to  be 
plain  witJi  you,"  replied  Eucmtes,  **  t 
think  I  saw  Socrates — at  least  I  saw  an 
old  man  with  a  bald  head  and  round 
belly,  whom  I  took  to  be  him.  As  for 
Plato  I  confess  to  you  1  did  not  t»e4S 
him — indeed  1  had  scarcely  got  a  clear 
view  when  the  chasm  began  to  close, 
and  some  of  my  servants  who  had  been 
looking  for  me  came  up  while  the  pit 
was  partly  open;  Pyrrhias  here  was 
one  ot  them*  Was  it  not  so,  Pyrrhias  P" 
added  he,  turning  to  the  slave. — **  In- 
deed it  was,"  answered  Pyrrhias,  **  and 
I  was  just  in  time  to  overhear  some* 
thing  of  the  hounds  barking,  and  to 
catch  a  glimmer  of  the  torch-lighl.'* 
I  could  not  help  laughing  at  the  fello^'a 
impudence  in  throwing  in  the  dc^i, 
barking,  and  the  torch-light*  Then 
Cleodemustook  his  turn. — "InalUhi^** 
said  he,  *'  there  is  nothing  to  be  sur- 
prised at ;  I  know  by  myself;  not  long 
ago  I  was  sick — Antigcinus  hem  was 
attending  me — I  had  a  fevtr^  *iwa«l' 
seventh  day  of  it,  and  'twas  bun  ' 
like  fire ;  they  had  all  lefl  me  and  i 
the  doors  after  them ;  you  reme 
AntigoQUfl,  you  bade  me  trj  if  1  < 


1853.] 


The  PhUopseudest  of  A 


587 


I 


get  a  little  sleep.  Well,  I  was  wide 
awftke,  when  auddenlv  there  stood  be- 
fore me  a  vounp:  man  clothed  in  white, 
and  siiigulnrly  beautiful :  he  took  me 
by  the  Imiid,  and  raising  nie  from  tuy 
bed,  led  me  tbrout^h  a  chasm  into  Hades, 
There  I  b<?held  Tantalus^  Tityus,  and 
Sisynhus— indeetl  a  great  tleal  more, 
but  I  need  not  trouble  you  with  that ; 
at  last  we  came  to  the  jud£fment-hall, 
where  I  saw  ^Eticus  and  Charon,  tlie 
Fates  and  the  Faries;  one  like  a  king 
(Pluto,  I  suppose^)  was  sitting  there, 
reading  a  list  of  names  of  those  whose 
time  was  out.  My  guide  took  me  and 
set  me  just  before  him,  when  he  fiew 
into  a  rage,  and  cried  **  His  thread  is 
not  spun  out :  away  with  you  and 
fetch  me  Demylus  the  smith;  he  ia 
beyond  his  time."  Pleased  enough  I 
jum[>ed  up,  quit  of  my  fever;  I  told 
those  about  me  that  Demylus  was  to 
die :  he  was  my  next-door  neighbour, 
and  we  had  been  told  before  that  he 
was  sick;  in  a  few  minutes  we  heard 
the  mourners  raising  their  cry  over 
hiniT^*^  The  commonest  thing  in  the 
world,"  (Tied  the  physiciun  r  "  I  know 
a  man  who  rose  twenty  days  after  he 
was  buried :  I  attended  him  myself 
both  before  liis  death  and  after  bis 
resurrection,  and  could  not  be  de- 
ceived** 

Juat  then  Eucrates*s  aon»  came  In 
from  the  wrestl  i  ng-  school — one  a  young 
man,  the  other  a  boy  about  fifteen. 
They  saluted  tite  company,  an"J  took 
their  seats  on  the  bed  by  their  father. 
The  sight  of  liis  sons  seemed  to  recall 
some  incident  toEucrates's  mind.  He 
laid  hrs  hand  on  their  heads  and  said, 
**  What  I  now  tell  you,  Tychiades, 
shall  be  the  truth,  so  may  these  boys 
of  mine  turn  out  well*  Their  mother, 
my  late  beloved  wife,  I  need  not  say 
how  well  I  loveil  her  ;  I  hope  I  shewed 
it  during  her  life,  and  after  her  death 
I  burnt  with  her  bofly  her  dress 
and  all  her  ornaments.  The  seventh 
day  after  I  lost  her,  I  was  sitting  on 
this  very  bed,  just  as  I  am  now,  trying 
to  console  my  grief.  I  was  reading,  1 
remember,  Plat^V  treatise  on  the  soul. 
While  I  was  reading  who  should  come 
in  but  my  lost  DeuiBsnet^.     She  seated 


herself  close  by  me,  just  where  Eucra* 
tidaa  is  sitting,"  added  he,  pointing  to 
the  younger  boy — the  child  aimddered, 
as  well  he  might,  and  the  colour  tied 
from  hi^  cheeks.  "  The  moment  I  be- 
heh!  heiV  continued  his  father,  "I 
threw  my  arms  around  her,  and  lifted 
up  my  voice  and  wept.  Leave  this 
vain  sori-ow,  said  my  wife ;  you  have 
done  much  for  me,  but  one  thing  more 
I  have  to  ask  :  you  have  burnt  only 
one  of  my  sandals,  and  they  are  of 
gold  ;  the  other  has  fallen  under  the 
clothes*cbcst.  While  we  were  tidking, 
an  accursed  ptippy  that  lay  under  the 
bed — one  of  tho.He  from  filelitu,  set  up 
a  howl,  and  the  ghost  disappearetL 
We  found  the  sandal  where  she  said 
we  should,  and  burnt  it  next  day. 
Surely,  Tychiades*  facts  like  these 
you  don't  distrust :  thev  are  self-evi- 
dent, and  of  every  day  s  ejcpenence" 
— *'  If  I  did,^^  replied  I,  *'  I  should  de- 
serve to  have  a  sound  drubbing  with 
the  self  •  same  golden  sandal  you 
spoku  of." 

Tychiades  then  informs  his  friend 
that  at  this  point  of  the  conversation 
Arignotufl  the  Pythagorean,  came  in^ 
in  whom  he  hoped  that  be  had  found 
an  ally  i  how  much  he  wns  mistaken 
our  next  extract  from  hi«  narrative 
will  show. 

t "  If  ever  you  happen  to  be  at  Co- 
rinth," saiil  tlie  new-comer,  "  ask  for 
the  house  of  Eubatidns,  which  is  by 
the  Craneura,  and  when  you  have  found 
it  tell  Tibius,  the  porter,  to  shew  you 
the  spot  where  the  Pythagorean  Arig- 
notus  dug  up  a  demon  and  drove 
him  away,  so  that  the  house  has  been 
habitable  ever  since  " — "  Ah  !"  cried 
Eucrates,  ''  how  was  that,  pray,  Arig- 
notus  ?" — **0h,"  antwered  he,  "  people 
had  for  some  time  been  afraid  to  live 
in  it.  If  any  one  ventured,  he  was  at- 
tacked by  a  frightful  u[)parition,  from 
which  he  was  lucky  if  he  escaped  in 
his  senses,  llie  consoquence  was  that 
the  walls  were  giving  way  and  the  roof 
tailing  off*— indeed,  no  one  was  bold 
enough  to  enter  it.  The  instant  I  heard 
of  it,  I  took  my  books — I  have  several 
in  Egyptian  on  those  subjects — and 
went  to  the  house  about  bed -time.   The 


*  Perhsps  the  origw  of  thii  story  may  be  found  in  that  of  Melissa,  wife  of  Periander.- 
Heroth  T.  t>2, 
t  A  similar  story  may  be  found  in  Pliny  the  Younger,  Epiit,  vU.  S7 . 


The  PhUopseudes  of  Luci^n* 


588 


gentleman  with  wliom  1  wm  staying 
tried  every  means  to  divert  me — in- 
deed he  almost  used  force— thinki  n«,' 
tlirit  *twa8  «ill  over  with  me  if  I  i>er- 
BiBted.  I  paid  no  attention  to  liim^  but 
took  my  lamp  and  entered  the  house. 
When  I  came  to  the  principal  apart- 
ment I  placed  it  on  the  ground,  and^ 
Beating  myself  by  it,  began  to  read 
qmetly.  On  a  sudden  the  demon  ap- 
peared ;  he  did  not  know,  as  it  seemed, 
who  it  was  ha  had  to  deal  with,  aiid 
fancied  I  should  be  frightened  like  the 
rest.  To  be  sure,  he  was  a  hideous 
object — squalid^  with  his  hair  long,  and 
blacker  than  ni^rbt.  Well  he  tried  to 
master  me,  attacking;  me  in  every  way, 
and  changino;  to  all  kinds  of  shapes — 
ft  dog*fl,  ft  bniry,  and  a  lion's.  I  got 
ready  ray  most  formidable  charm,  and, 
speaking  in  Egyptian,  kept  chanting  it 
and  driving  the  spirit  before  me  till  he 
sunk  into  the  ground  at  one  corner  of 
the  chamber.  The  moment  I  saw  where 
he  had  disappeared  I  discontinued  my 
labour*  Next  morning  at  daybreak 
they  came  in,  all  in  despair,  expecting 
to  find  me  dead,  like  the  rest-  To  their 
surprise  I  came  forward  and  congratu- 
lated Eubatidiis  on  baving  hii*  house 
free  of  goblins  and  sj^irits-  I  then  Look 
him  and  the  rest— the  novelty  of  the 
thing  had  brought  them  in  crowda^ — 
and  led  thc'm  to  the  tsfiot  where  the 
demon  had  vanished,  I  bade  them 
fetch  mattocks  and  spades  and  dig : 
they  did  so,  and  about  a  fathom's  depth 
under  ground  they  found  a  human 
skeleton.  We  took  it  up  mid  buried 
it,  and  since  that  the  house  has  been 
no  more  troubled  by  appnntious." 

Tychiades  then  rclutea  how  shocked 
all  the  company  were  at  his  disbelief  of 
suchastory  lohl  by  such  a  man,  and  then 
proceeds  with  his  narrative,  as  follows: 
— "  I  will  tell  you,"  said  Eucrates, 
**  another  story  tliat  haslallen  within  my 
own  experience^  which  I  hope  will  con- 
vince even  you,  Tychiades-  When  1 
wijs  quite  a  young  man,  my  father  seJit 
mo  to  Egypt  fur  my  e<lucation.  W'hile 
in  that  country  I  took  a  fancy  to  sail 
up  the  river  to  Coptos,  and  from  thence 
to  visit  the  stiitue  of  Memnfui,  nud 
hear  the  Ki^uml  it  utters  iit  ilie  rising 
of  the  sun.  Well,  I  benrd^ — not  the 
indistinct  sound  most  peojilo  hear — 
when  /was  there  the  statue  opened  its 
mouth, and  uttered  some  oracular  lines, 
which  I  would  gladly  re|>eat,  did  I  not 


^June, 


fear  it  would  be  tedious.  But  to  resume : 
on  my  return  I  found  on  board  a  scribe 
of  the   temple,  a  man   of  wonderful 
knowledge,    acmiainted  with    all    tlie 
learning  of  the  Egyptians;  indeed  he 
was   said   to   have    spent   three*and* 
twenty   years   in    the    subterraneous 
cliambers  of  the  temple,  learning  ma^c 
from  Isis." — "  I  declare,"  cried  Ang- 
notus,  "  you  must  mean  my  old  tutor 
Pancrates ;  was  he  not  shorn  like    a 
priest,  wore  linen,  absent  in  manneri 
spoke  very  pure  Greek;  tall,  with  a 
snub  nose,  blubber  lip#,  and  epiadle 
shanks?" — *^The  very  same,"  replied 
Eucrates ;  *^  when  I  first  met  him  I 
did  not  know  what  was  in  him ;  but 
when  I  saw  him,  as  ollen  as  we  put  to 
land,  working  all  kinds   of  wonders, 
riding  upon  crocodiles,  or  swimming 
along  with  them — the  animals  crouch- 
ing before  him  and  wagging  their  tails 
--^I  perceived  at  once  that  he  was  no 
ordinary   person*     liy   degrees  1   in- 
gratiated myself  with  him,  and  before 
lie  was  aware  we  were  quite  on  a  foot-i( 
jng  of  intimacy  ;  so  much  so  that  \m 
communicated  all  his  secrets  to  nie- 
At  length  he  persuaded  me  to  leave 
my  servants  at  Memphis,  and  follow 
him  unattended.     '  \\  e  shall  want  no 
servant**,'  said  he*    After  tliat,  tin's  waa 
our  method  of  proceeding — whenever 
we  came  to  an  inn,  mj  wizard   took 
the  bar  of  the  door,  the  broom,  or  the 
pestlct  and  dresaiDg  it  in  man*s  clothes, 
and  muttering  a  charm,  he  made  it 
walk  anil  look  in  all  point^j  like  a  man  ; 
it  would  go  and  draw   us  water,  gel  j 
Iirovisions,  and  lay  the  table,  indeed 
serve  us  in  all  respects  cleverly  enough. 
As  soon  as  we  had  no  more  use  ?or 
it^  he  would   mutter  another  charm, 
and  immediately  the  broom  became  a 
broom  again,  or  the  pestle  a  pestle.     1 
wanted  much  to  worm  this  secret  out 
of  him,  but  could  not ;  on  other  f)oint« 
he  was  open  enough,  this  he  grudged  , 
mc.     One  day  I  hid  mvself  in  a  dark 
corner,  and  overheanl  the  spell — ^*twfts 
only  three  syllablei  long— ne  told  the 
pestle  wliat  to  do,  and  went  off  to  the 
niiirket-plttce*     The  next  ilay  he  went 
out  on  business.     T  took  the  pcstla 
and  drcasetl  it,  and  pronouncing  the 
sfiell  I  baile  it  <lniw  water.     It   tilled 
tlie  water  jar  and  brought  it  me :  **  You 
may  leave  oil/'  said  I,  **and  be  a  i>estlo 
again."     It  paid  no  attention  to  me, 
but  kept  on  drawing  w«t«r,  till  tho 


1B53.] 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Scotland* 


589 


bouse  was  near  overflowed.  I  knew  not 
what  to  do ;  '  Fan t" rates/  said  I,  *  will 
come  back  axiil  be  anfrfy* — in  which. 
Indeed  I  was  right.  Well,  I  snatclieil 
up  a  hatchet  nnd  cleft  the  pestle  in 
hiilveai  and,  to  ray  horror^  instead  of 
one  servant,  I  had  now  two,  each  half 
catching  up  a  jiir  and  fetching  water. 
At  the  instant  Pancratcs  came  in,  and, 
seeing  wliat  hud  happened,  made  theiu 
wooden  a^iain  as  they  were  before  : 
for  liim^elf,  before  I  was  aware,  !ie  was 
gone,  vanishing  I  know  not  whither."— 
"  Could  you  now  then,"  cried  Uino- 
muchus,  **turn  a  pestle  into  a  man?" 
— *^  Certainly  I  could,"  replied  Eu- 
crates,  "  but  I  could  not  turn  it  back 


again  ;  if  I  once  made  it  fetcli  water, 
we  shouhl  all  of  us  be  drowned." 

The  narrator  concludes  his  narra- 
tive by  slating  tbrit  Eucrates,  having 
touched  in  passing  upon  the  subject  of 
a  ring  he  had,  with  a  figure  of  the 
Pythian  Apollo  engraved  upon  the 
seal,  which  Bonietimea  conversed  with 
him,  was  proceeding  to  ref>eat  a  re- 
sponse given  by  Ampbilocbuii'3  oracle 
at  Mallus,  when  his  benrer,  seeing  that 
there  was  likely  to  be  no  end  of  these 
idle  stories,  hastily  made  an  excuse, 
and  gladly  took  hi  a  leave  of  the  com- 
pany, who  on  their  parts  he  conceived 
were  equally  glad  to  be  rid  of  him. 


A  TRIP  TO  THE  GOLD  REGIONS  OF  SCOTLAND. 

{Continued Jrom  p*  468.) 


IN  resuming,  dear  Grotiuo,  our  con- 
versation of  lamt  night^  I  may  observe 
that,  if  the  old  records  of  the  gold 
minea  in  Crawford  iMuir  throw  some 
valuable  light  on  the  state  of  Scotland 
in  more  ancient  time?,  llie  modern  his* 
tory  of  the  Leadhills  possesses  equal 
interest  in  regard  to  many  of  the  most 
important  topics  of  the  present  day, 
and  is  calculated  to  interest  all  those 
who  have  paid  attention  to  the  great 
social  questions  of  the  Hmitation  of  the 
hours  of  labour,  the  land  allocation 
sehemesi,  and  the  truck  system.  This 
meLilliferous  district  may  be  divided 
into  two  portions.  The  one  lying  in 
Dumfriesshire  is  the  property  of  the 
Duke  of  Bnccleuch,  and  the  mines 
in  it  are  now  carried  on  by  the  noble 
proprietor  himself  A  collection  of 
their  products,  exhibited  by  him  in  the 
Crystal  Palace*  attracted  considerable 
attention*  The  other,  to  which  I  shall 
confine  my  observations,  consiMts  of 
that  portion  which  is  embraced  in  the 
county  of  Lanark,  and  baa  hy  suc- 
cessive purchases  become  vested  in  the 
Earl  oi  Ilopetoun.  I  think  I  have 
tdready  mentioned  that  this  family  first 
became  connected  with  the  district  in 
1638,  by  the  marriage  of  their  ancestor 
Mr,  James  Hope  with  the  heiress  of 
Kobert  Foulis,  a  descendant  of  that 
Thomas  Foullis  the  goldsmith  so  ho- 
nourably mentioned  ro  the  Act  of  Par- 
liament passed  in  1592,    The  fact  was 


that  the  young  lady 'a  uncle  bad  nsurned 
ber  property  during  her  minority, 
which  forced  b;?r  to  ajiply  to  the  Court 
of  Session  for  redress.  Mr.  Hope  was 
then  employed  as  her  advocate,  and 
the  result  of  the  litigation  was  that  this 
talented  lawyer  gained  not  only  the 
cause,  but  also  the  alfections,  of  his 
client.  Having  thus  acquired  an  in- 
terest in  the  mines,  he  applied  himself 
to  the  attainnxent  of  skill  in  niijieralogy, 
and  bis  endeavours  were  attended  with 
such  success  that  it  h  said  (Douglas's 
Peerage  of  Scotland,  by  Wood,  sub  tit, 
Hopetoun)  he  brought  the  art  of  mining 
to  a  perfection  uiiknown  before  that 
time  in  Scotland,  This  not  only  ad- 
vanced hisi  private  fortune,  but  also 
procured  him  in  1641  the  office  of  Go- 
vernor of  the  Mint,  to  which  was  after- 
wards annexed,  by  Act  of  Parliament, 
a  power  of  holding  courts  therein.  It 
would  appear  that  the  original  pro- 
perty acquired  by  this  marriage  formed 
but  a  very  small  portion  of  the  present 
estate,  wliich  has  been  increased  by 
successive  purchases  of  the  adjacent 
farms.  A  circumstance  connected  with 
one  of  these  ia  strikingly  illustrative  of 
the  great  uncertainty  of  mining  ad- 
venture. The  former  proprietor  had 
made  extensive  but  entirely  unsuc- 
cessful searches  for  lead,  and,  having 
sunk  his  whole  capital  in  these  opera- 
tions, was  forced  to  djspoae  of  the  land. 
Many  years  afterwards  one   of  the 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Scotland. 


590 

richest  of  the  Lcadhills  veins  was  fol- 
lowed into  these  lands  by  Lord  Hope- 
toun's  miners.  It  was  there  found,  in 
technical  phrase,  to  carry  the  astonish- 
ing and  unprecedented  breadth  of  18 
feet  of  pure  galena.  One  of  the  work- 
men employed  in  removing  this  most 
valuable  deposit  accidentally  struck 
his  pick  against  the  wall  of  the  adit, 
when  it  broke  through  into  the  old 
workings  of  the  former  proprietor,  who 
thus  had  missed  an  immense  fortune 
by  a  deviation  of  a  few  inches  from 
the  vein. 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  James  Hope 
his  family  do  not  appear  to  have  carried 
on  the  mines  extensively  on  their  own 
behoof,  but  adopted  the  system  of 
leasing  them  in  portions  to  various 
companies.  In  process  of  time,  how- 
ever, the  whole  district  came  to  bo 
leased  to  one  of  them,  known  as  the 
Scots  Mining  Company,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  small  part,  which  was  let 
to  an  association  of  gentlemen  from  the 
counties  of  Durham  and  Northumber- 
land, to  whose  want  of  success  and 
subsequent  desertion  of  their  works, 
which  entailed  injury  on  those  of  the 
other  company,  the  litigation  which  is 
supposed,  by  the  writer  *  in  the  "  House- 
hold Words,"  to  have  so  materiallv  af- 
fected the  prosperity  of  the  village, 
must  be  ascribed. 

The  Scots  Mining  Coinpany  was 
formed  by  the  exertions  of  Sir  John 
Erskine,  shortly  after  the  rebellion  of 
1715.  This  gentleman,  who  was,  I 
believe,  a  branch  of  the  Mar  family, 
lamenting  the  little  encouragement 
given  to  the  development  of  the  mineral 
resources  of  Scotland  and  the  want  of 
the'necessary  capital,  induced  a  number 
of  London  merchants,  most  of  whom 
were  connected  with  the  great  Sun 
Fire  Office  in  Threadneedle-street,  to 
form  themsolvos  into  a  comj^any  for 
the  purpose  of  prosecuting  mming  ad- 
ventures in  Scotland.  A  charter  of 
incorporation  was  procured,  and  leases 
of  mines  at  Leadhills  and  elsewhere 
obtained.  At  first  the  superintendence 
of  these  was  committed  to  Sir  John 
Erskine,  but  he  appears  to  have  been 
little  fitted  for  the  of  lice,  and  the  pro- 


[June» 


spects  of  the  undertaking  were  for  « 
time  anything  but  encouraging.  A 
change  in  the  management,  ana  the 
judicious  appointment  of  a  gentleman 
of  great  talents  as  agent,  soon  produced 
a  complete  alteration  in  the  state  of 
alfairs.  In  1722-3  Mr.  Stirling,  the 
well-known  mathematician  and  friend 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  undertook  the 
charge  of  the  mines;  and  from  that 
period  his  exertions,  and  those  of  his 
successors,  Mr.  Stirling  of  Grarden  and 
Mr.  Irving,  afterwards  Lord  Newton, 
secured  to  the  compan]|r  most  ample 
returns  for  its  capital  till  nearly  die 
present  day. 

Mr.  Stirling  brought  to  the  task  he 
had  undertaken  not  only  the  highest 
scientific  skill,  but  remarkable  admi- 
nistrative talents ;  and  it  is  to  a  code 
of  rules  and  regulations  drawn  up  bj 
him  shortly  after  he  came  to  reside  at 
Leadhills  that  the  village  owes  not  onlj 
the  greater  part  of  its  prosperity,  but 
most  of  its  singular  ana  peculiar  cha- 
racteristics. 

He  divided  the  workmen  into  four 
classes, — miners,  labourers,  washers, 
and  smelters. 

Tlie  first  class  were  emplojretl  ex- 
clusively in  getting  the  ore,  or  m  form- 
ing the  necessary  shafts  and  adit:^.  Tn 
the  latter  case  they  were  paid  according 
to  the  number  of  fathoms  cut ;  in  the 
former  by  the  tons  of  smelted  lead 
raised  by  them.  The  rate  of  payment 
for  these  varied  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  rock  and  the  richness  of  the 
vein.  The  miners  were  divided  into 
companies  of  eight  men  each,  to  whom 
a  particular  locality  in  the  works  was 
assigned.  As  the  dimensions  of  the 
workings  only  permitted  two  men  to 
work  at  once,  it  followed  as  a  mattv 
of  course  that  each  was  only  enticed 
for  six  hours  below  ground,  xhey 
were  therefore  relieve*!  at  noon,  mid- 
night, and  six  o*clock  morning  and 
evening.  Shortly  before  these  liours 
the  men  who  were  to  co  down  assem- 
bled in  a  room  called  the  Rendezvous, 
when  the  overseers  saw  that  they  were 
all  present.  There  was  an  important 
reason  for  this.  The  men  did  not  de- 
scend the  pits  by  ladders,  but  were  let 


*  GrotiuB  mny  he  permitted  to  add,  what  he  intended  to  have  stated  in  last  nnmber, 
that  this  paper  in  the  "  Household  Words  "  is  the  self- revealing  prodactioD  of  Mist 
Martineau.  No  one  can  mistake,  even  in  her  most  ftigltive  prodactions,  that  "  flae 
Roman  hand." 


l8o3.] 


ModfTti  History  of  the  LeudkilU^ 


n 


down  and  pulled  up  by  ropes  attached 
to  windlasses  worked  liy  their  com- 
rades. It  \vi\s  tlieretbre  necessary  that 
both  sets  should  be  at  the  jjit  at  the 
same  time,  in  order  that  they  nii^ht 
mutually  assifit  eaeh  other.  No  buckets 
such  u5  we  see  in  iioftl-pits  were  UBed, 
but,  u  knot  hiivitig  been  made  in  the 
cable,  the  rigid  leg  was  thrust  through 
it ;  the  rope  was  then  gasped  between 
the  left  arm  and  the  sides  \  the  candle, 
biaerted  in  a  ball  of  clay,  was  carried 
in  the  left  hand,  and  the  right  used  in 
fending  oH*  the  sides  of  the  shaft.  This 
bus  been  pronounced  by  the  most  com- 
petent autboritics  to  be  much  the  safest 
mode  tif  letting  the  men  down»  and  cer- 
tiiinly  accidents  during  this  process  were 
almost  unknown,  while  several  have  oc- 
curred since  hiddens  and  buckets  were 
introduced.  With  the  view  of  affording 
a  system  of  provision  for  old  agCi  a 
regulation  was  introduced  by  which  a 
man  who  had  become  less  able  for  hit} 
work  from  age  or  ill* health  was  allowed 
to  introduce  a  young  man  into  the  bar- 
gain as  his  assistant.  The  two  cer- 
tainly obtained  only  the  share  of  one 
able  miner,  but  the  junior  was  glad  to 
accept  a  comparatively  small  portion, 
as  he  was  instructed  In  the  business, 
and  all  vacancies  in  the  regular  body 
of  the  miners  were  lilled  up  iVom  these 
assistants.  In  fact  the  regulation  per- 
mitted eaeh  of  the  elder  miners  to  keep 
an  apprentice. 

The  labourers  were  considered  un^ 
skilled  workmen,  and  were  employed 
in  conveying  the  ore  obtained  oy  the 
miners  to  the  foot  of  the  pit,  where  it 
was  raised  by  a  horse -gin  in  bo  me  casesi 
and  m  others  by  a  windlass  which  they 
worked  thcmaefves,  and  laid  in  heaf>s 
at  the  mouth  of  the  shaft,  the  produce 
of  each  compimy  of  miners  bemg  kept 
by  itself*  The  employment  of  this 
bi>dy  of  men  was  more  irregular  than 
that  of  the  uiinera,  and  they  were  paid 
cither  by  day*s  wages,  or  contracted 
for  the  hringing  of  a  particular  parcel 
of  ore  to  the  surface. 

The  washers  were  employed  in  pul- 
verising the  ore,  and  separating  it  Irom 


impurities.  For  this  they  were  paid 
per  ton  of  smelted  lead.  They  had 
under  thom  a  number  of  boy^,  who 
were  chlelly  occupied  in  pounding  the 
lead  with  broad,  Hat  hammers,  a  pro- 
cess which  has  more  recently  been  jKjr- 
formed  by  mncblnery.  trom  these 
boys  tlie  assistant  mmers  already  re- 
ferred to  were  selected,  Allan  Hainsay 
the  poet,  who  was  born  in  the  village 
and  is  its  literary  celebrity,  began  life 
in  this  capacity, 

Ttie  fourth  and  last  class  were  the 
smelters,  who  were  very  limited  in 
number.  Till  the  commencenient  of 
the  present  century  they  were  generally 
stnmgers  brought  from  Engtanil,  the 
necessary  skill  Hut  having  been  ac- 
iiuired  by  the  native  workmen  tiU 
aliuut  that  pericjd.  They  were  also  paid 
by  the  piece.  They  usually  began  work 
at  an  early  hour  iu  the  morning,  and 
left  otf  about  1 1  o*clock  in  the  forenoon* 

Under  these  regulations  you  will 
observe  that  the  working  hours  were 
very  short,  and  a  large  jjortion  of  their 
time  wag  lel^  at  the  disposal  of  the 
workmen*  Another  rule  provided  fop 
the  eituitable  distribution  of  this  among 
the  men.  By  it,  it  was  arranged  that 
those  who  went  below  ground  at  mid- 
night during  one  week  should  do  so  at 
six  in  the  moiTiing  the  next,  and  so  tax 
in  rotation.  It  is  to  the  use  made  of 
thhi  unoccupied  time  that  the  village 
owes  the  remarkable  appearance  it 
presents  of  a  green  oa«i«  amon^  the 
•  surrounding  heath.  By  the  mming 
leases  Lord  Hopetoun  became  bound 
to  furnish  the  company  with  the  ground 
retjuisite  fur  the  houses  and  yards  of 
their  workmen.  The  word  yards  wa« 
without  doubt  originally  intended  to 
represent  no  more  ujon  a  small  garden 
attached  to  each  cottage ;  but  it  came 
by  degrees  to  receive  a  much  more 
liberal  interpretation,  the  Hopetoun 
family  having  allowed  every  miner  Ui 
occupy  as  much  waste  land  as  he  could 
reclaim  and  keep  in  cultivation  by  the 
labour  of  himseli  and  familjr.  To  these 
agricultural  operations,  which  were  en* 
tirely  carried  on  by  the  spade,  the  m\ 


*  Grotiat  doubts  this,  u  the  poet's  father  died  when  he  wag  an  irifaot ;  while  bu 
step-father  (hU  mother*s  seoood  husbaod)  wss  not  a  mioer,  but  a  small  **  liwdholder/' 
and  it  is  probable  a  sbeep-farmerf  hy  whom  it  is  believed  youttg  Ramsay  was  employed 
as  a  '*  herd.''  This  and  other  points  in  his  Leadhills  life  fihall  fall  to  be  consid£red  in 
the  forthcomiDg  life  of  the  author  of  **The  Geatte  Shepherd/*  already  announ^ied 
(January,  1B53,  p.  22),  by  Grotiui  in  this  Magoiiae. 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Scotland.  [June, 


592 


occupied  time  of  the  miners  was  de- 
votee. It  iilso  happened  tbat  the 
company,  injstead  of  erecting  houseBi 
permitted  the  men  to  build  llicni  for 
thcMiselves.  There  thus  arose  an  ill- 
defined  ri^hti  a  sort  of  <|Ui4si  property, 
in  these  Fands  and  houses,  ana  the 
minera  have  for  more  than  a  century 
been  allowed  to  sell  and  transfer  them 
to  their  neighbours,  under  the  control 
and  supervision  of  Lord  Hopetoun's 
local  agents.  The  rciJuk  of  this  system 
has  been  the  irre^lar  and  picturesque 
character  of  the  village,  where  every 
man  has  built  his  house  after  hia  own 
ideals  and  the  gi*cen  and  cultivated 
appearance  of  the  environs.  The  latter 
is  indeed  the  more  remarkable  when 
we  recollect  that  the  soil  around  Lead- 
hills  is  of  the  poorest  description,  and 
that  this  village  is  situated  in  latitude 
55^  28'  N.  and  at  an  elevation  of 
nearly  1300  feet  above  the  sea.  In 
spite  of  thcise  djyadvantaj^eSt  above  a 
mile  sixtiare  has  been  reclaimed  from 
barren  heath  since  1731,  and  its  annual 

firoducc  has  been  calcuhited  at  not 
ess  than  10,000  stones  of  hay  and  the 
same  weight  of  potatoes,  independent 
of  a  sniaU  quantity  of  oats.  These 
yards  provide  the  winter  fodder  for 
the  cows  of  the  vilhiger?|  and  to  supply 
their  summer  wants  the  company  lewises 
an  adjoinlnjij  turni,  the  rent  of  which 
jg  diviclcd  among  the  miners  according 
to  the  number  of  cows  kept;  and  the 
expense  of  this  nvernges  about  lOjf.  Qd, 
a  year  for  each  cow.  In  addition  to 
thiSj  most  of  the  miners  purchase  in 
the  summer  a  sheep  or  lamb,  which 
they  fatten  on  their  yardii,  and  kill 
towards  the  end  of  the  year.  Pigs  ai*e 
seldom  kept,  not  from  any  want  of 
means  to  do  so,  but  from  other  causes. 
Till  a   very   recent  date  a  Judaical 

J  prejudice  against  the  use  of  bacon  as 
bod  existed  among  the  peasantry  of 
remote  districts  of  Scotland,  from  which 
Leadhills  was  not  exempt.  Inde- 
pendently of  this  the  soil  is  impregnated 
to  a  certain  extent  with  minute  par- 
ticles of  lead,  which  have  the  most  in- 
jurious effects  on  the  lower  animals,  and 
to  their  noxious  influence  a  grubbing 
creature  like  a  pig  is  of  course  pecu- 
Uarly  exposed.  For  the  same  reason 
poultry  are  unknown,  while  dogs  and 
cats  are  less  numerous  than  in  other 
places.  It  is  stated  in  the  Household 
Words  that  this  systciu  of  land  alloca- 


tion  has  been  discontinued.  On  Uiis 
point,  however  (as  unfortunately  c*u 
nearly  all  points),  that  winter  lias  been 
misinformed,  l^o  change  has  been 
made  in  the  system,  though  it  has 
practically  fallen  into  abeyance  from 
the  altered  circumstances  of  the  vil- 
lage, the  diminished  population  being 
barely  sullieicnt  to  keep  In  cultiT.ntion 
the  land  already  reclaimed;  and  1  may 
add  that  the  advantages  of  these  small 
allotments  in  the  present  depressed 
condition  of  the  mines  arc  at  leiml 
questionable,  whatever  benefits  ntay 
have  been  derived  from  them  whctt 
the  works  were  in  the  full  tide  of 
prosperity. 

This  depresaion  has  been  attnhutifii 
bv  the  inform  ant  of  the  writer  in  ihc 
Household  Words  to  the  liti^'atioa 
which  has  occurred ;  but,  althougii  this 
may  have  in  a  small  degree  contributed 
to  It,  we  must  look  for  ita  real  oriOTn 
in  much  more  general  causes,  resulting 
not  from  human  but  natural  Inwi*.  The 
discoveries  of  modern  science  have 
completely  exploded  the  ideas  of  oar 
ancestors,  that  lead  and  other  metals 
were  constantly  l^eing  formed  beneath 
the  surface  of  the  earth.     W^  oow 

know  that  every  ton  of  Ic.ii^  ••* cil 

is  merely  so  much  capital  li 

from  the  ground — that  in  tAi,-  i^ 

state  of  our  i>lanet  it  is  never  replac<sd 
by  the  usual  operations  of  nature,  and 
that  the  more  we  have  procured  the 
less  will  be  left  for  our  successor!*.  In 
fact  the  mines  at  Leadhills  hav<*,  like 
those  at  other  places,  been  to  a  gi^al 
cxten t  worked  out.  As  long  ago  as  the 
year  1800,  Mr.  Stirling,  of  Ganleo»  the 
nephew  and  successor  of  the  matliema- 
ticuujjto  whom  we  have  already  referred, 
asagentfitLeadhillsfortheS  '  '^^  rg; 
CompaaVi  a  most  compctcn 
stated  that  the  Honetoun   i,MM  f 

their  lessees  had  taken  as  m«<  1:  if 
out  of  the  interior  df  one  ui'  the  luili 
which  bound  the  basin  in  which  t 
village  is  situated  as  would  /xjfi^ 
xnrfme  nf  it  with  gititu^aA  Hi  on  rtlg^t, 
The  results  of  such  extensive  opera- 
tions were  inevitable — deeper  and  more 
expcnaive  workings,  the  employment  of 
machinery  for  raising  the  water  whtcb 
could  no  longer  be  carried  itflT  hy  tb^ 
adits,  and  in  one  case  the  total  ahaii- 
doiiment  of  a  most  productive  vein 
from  the  intersection  oi  an  over- 
whelming   sidjterraneaii   spring,      la 


1853.] 


Modern  Histot'^  of  ike  LeadhilU* 


aggravation  of  these  increased  diffi- 
culties came  the  great  awd  sudden  ikll 
in  the  price  of  lead  consequent  on  the 
close  of  the  continental  war  and  the 
re-opening  of  the  Spanish  mines.  For 
more  than  twenty  ycurs  thu  whole 
produce  of  the  Leadhills  mines  has 
been  derived  from  the  portions  of  ore 
contained  in  the  rubbish  of  the  old 
workings,  which  was  thrown  aside  aa 
unworthy  of  attention  during  more 
proB{)erou8  times,  with  the  occasional 
addition  of  small  knots  of  ore,  very 
limited  in  their  extent,  which  had  been 
accidentally  niissetl.  Of  this  character 
Is  the  vein  called  California,  which  has 
nothing  tc*  do  with  ^old,  but  is  merely 
a  rather  rich  portion  of  one  of  the 
ordinary  lead  lodee  which,  in  the  usual 
vicissitudes  of  mining  operations,  had 
tilJ  lately  escaped  the  researches  of  the 
miners. 

The  combined  effect  of  diminished 
production,  increased  expense,  and  a 
less  remunerative  price  on  the  con- 
dition of  the  workmen  niay  be  readily 
conceived.  The  miners  naturally  en- 
deavoured to  meet  the  unavoidable 
fall  of  wage^  by  protracting  the  tiine 
they  worked  below  ground,  and  Mr. 
Stirling's  salutary  regulations  were 
abandoned.  Under  these  altered  cir- 
cumstances the  allotments  of  ground, 
which  had  formerly  been  of  so  much 
benefit,  became  a  snare  and  an  injury 
to  them,  producing,  although  under  a 
modihed  form,  the  same  evib  which  the 
possession  of  small  pendicles  of  land  has 
entailed  on  the  peasant  proprietors  of 
France,  the  smalt  tenantry  of  Ireland, 
and  the  crofters  of  the  Western  High- 
lands of  Scotland,  We  find  at  Lead- 
kills  as  well  as  elsewhere  that  clinging 
to  the  houses  and  patches  of  land,  and 
that  reluctance  to  abandon  them,  which 
induces  their  occupants  tu  accept  lower 
wages  and  submit  to  many  privations 
when  they  could  command  more  re- 
munerative employment  and  a  more 
comfortable  subiatence  by  migrating 
to  other  districN.  It  is  also  probable 
that  at  Leadhills  the  ever  varying 
hopes  and  vicissitudes  of  mining  op^- 
tions  have  contributed  to  the  hngering 
,^^^of  the  minere^  there  after  the  amount 
^^Hof  employment  has  diminished;  but 
^^^  there  can  be  as  little  doubt  that  their 
I  small  possessions  have  been  the  maiii 

I         cause.    At  the  same  time  you  must  not 
I  suppose,  my  dear  Grotius,  that  there  is 

i 


any  such  abject  poverty  at  Leadhills  as 
amon^  the  other  classes  I  have  referred 
to.  I  believe  the  sum  of  nine  shillings 
a  week  given  in  the  Household  Words 
OS  the  average  of  the  miners'  wages  is 
not  far  from  the  truth ;  but,  although  this 
nmy  be  a  low  remuneration  for  skilled 
labour,  it  is  certainly  not  below  that  of 
agricultural  labourers  in  the  county 
ot  Lanark  generally*  The  wages 
of  the  latter  would  be  rather  over- 
Rtnted  at  two  shillings  a  day ;  there 
must  also  be  many  days  on  which  the 
weather  p re venti?  them  being  employed, 
and  they  have  to  provide  for  house- 
rentt  and  purchase  milk,  &c.  The 
Leadhills  miner,  on  the  other  hand, 
has  constant  employment,  and  a  free 
house,  while  his  pendicle  of  land  main- 
tains a  cowj  and  perhaps  a  sheep,  and 
it  furnishes  him  with  as  many  potatoes 
as  bis  family  can  consume.  The  vil- 
lagers are  conseciuently  not  worse  off 
than  the  other  labourers  of  the  district; 
but  at  the  same  time  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  had  they  not  possessed  these 
houses  and  yards  their  wages  must 
have  been  higher,  and  that  to  an  ex- 
tent much  greater  than  the  largest 
value  which  can  possibly  be  placed  on 
these  possessions.  To  comprehend, 
however,  the  entire  bearings  of  the 
matter,  you  must  also  advert  to  the 
fact  that  the  effects  must  not  be  mea- 
sured only  by  the  injurious  influence 
they  exercise  on  the  wages  of  the  mmi 
himself,  but  that  you  must  pursue  the 
subject  further,  and  inquire  in  what 
way  they  affect  the  interests  of  his 
family ;  and  there  can  be  no  question 
that  at  Leadhills  at  least  they  have 
done  so  in  a  most  serious  manner, 
especially  among  the  female  part  of 
the  population.  The  cultivation  of 
the  small  patches  of  ground  requires 
at  certain  seasons  of  the  year  the  la- 
bour of  others  as  well  as  that  of  the 
miner  himself  The  character  of  this 
work  being  light,  it  can  readily  be  per- 
formed by  women  and  children,  and 
consequently  it  held  out  a  temnta- 
tion  to  the  miners,  especiaffy  in  a  place 
where  there  is  diflSculty  in  procuring 
the  services  of  strangers,  and,  as  I  shall 
afterwards  show  you,  a  want  of  ready 
money  for  their  remuneratioDi  to  re- 
tain their  children  and  more  particu- 
larly their  girls  at  home,  instead  of 
sending  them  into  the  world,  as  in 
other  villages,  to  seek  their  own  sub* 
4G 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Scotland. 


594 


sistence  by  agricultural  or  other  la- 
bour. The  operations  on  the  land, 
which  required  the  exertions. of  these 
persons,  and  led  to  their  remaining  in 
the  village,  were,  however,  desultory, 
and  confined  to  certain  periods  of  the 
year ;  and  the  system  having  been  pur- 
sued for  generations  has  had  a  most 
injurious  effect  on  the  character  of  the 
female  population.  It  has  produced 
an  inaptitude  for  regular  and  constant 
labour,  in  consequence  of  which  no 
farmer  in  the  vicinity  will  engage  a 
native  of  Leadhills  as  a  servant  if  he 
possibly  can  procure  one  from  another 
district.  I  am  afraid  I  must  also  add 
that  it  has  engendered  among  the 
young  women  of  the  village  an  idle 
and  gossiping  disposition,  with  its  in- 
evitable concomitant  of  a  great  and 
fearful  laxity  in  the  intercourse  of  the 
sexes.  On  the  fall  of  wages,  the  res 
angusti  (hmi  would  probably  have 
proved  an  antidote  to  these  evils,  but 
unfortunately  the  maniifacture  of  Ayr- 
shire needlework,  was  almost  simul- 
taneously introduced  into  the  village. 
At  first  the  receipt  of  high  waiges  from 
this  employment  appeared  to  justify 
the  contmuance  of  the  former  system ; 
but  in  this,  as  in  every  other  occupa- 
tion where  no  great  skill  or  strength  is 
required,  while  its  acquirement  is  easy, 
there  arc  no  bounds  to  competition, 
and  a  h\ji}i  rate  of  remuneration  must 
necessarily  be  temporary.  Such  has 
been  the  case  with  the  Ayrshire  needle- 
work at  Leadhills,  and  the  earnings  of 
those  engaged  in  it  have  long  been 
reduced  to  the  lowest  possible  amount^ 
while,  from  the  se<lentary  nature  of 
the  employment,  and  the  facility  with 
which  the  work  is  at  any  time  taken 
up  or  laid  aside,  its  introduction  has 
had  no  tendency  to  ameliorate  the 
character  of  the  population.  In  fact, 
the  presentrstate  of  the  village  of  Lead- 
hills is  but  another  evidence  to  the 
truth  of  the  conclusion,  that  the  pos- 
session of  a  snudl  pendicle  of  laud  is 
never  beneficial  to  the  labourer,  unless 
where  it  is  combined  with  another  oc- 
cupation so  remunerative  as  to  render 
protracted  hours  of  application  unne- 
cessary ;  but,  on  the  contrary,  is  pro- 
ductive of  great  and  serious  evil  where 
these  circumstances  have  never  i!xi:Jted, 
or  where  they  have  become  altered  in 
the  course  of  time. 
The  germ^  of  another  cause  of  the 


[Jiiiie» 


depressed  condition  of  the  Liemdhilis 
miners  can  be  directly  traced  to  the 
regulations  of  Mr.  Stirling,  and  ita 
noxious  influence  has  done  much  to 
counteract  the  benefits  which  hare 
resulted  from  the  ffeneral  jadicioua 
character  of  these  nues.  It  waa  there 
provided  that  the  miners  should  be 
paid  according  to  the  number  of  tons 
of  smelted  le»l  obtained  from  the  ore 
raised  by  them.  Now  it  almost  neces- 
sarily happened  that  a  period  of  above 
two  years,  and  oflcn  more,  elapaed 
before  all  the  operations  necessary  for 
reducing  the  produce  of  the  works  into 
this  state  could  be  performed;  and, 
till  this  was  done,  it  was  impossible  to 
ascertain  the  amount  due  to  the  men. 
To  remedy  this,  a  system  was  intro- 
duced  by  which  the  overseers  valued 
the  difierent  binge  or  parcele  of  ore  in 
their  unreduced  state,  and  the  men 
were  paid  according  to  this  calculation, 
but  subject  to  after  correction  when 
the  lead  came  to  be  smelted.  Unfor* 
tunatel^,  however,  nothing  can  be  more 
uncertain  than  the  yields  of  different 
portions  of  ore,  and  even  the  greatest 
care  and  skill  will  not  prevent  the  error 
of  a  mistaken  estimate.  In  consequence 
of  a  series  of  over-valuations,  and  the 
serious  inconveniences  resulting  from 
them,  the  Company  were  reluctant  J j 
compelled  to  abandon  this  plan.  Under 
these  circumstances  the  farmers  and 
dealers  in  the  neighbourhood  became 
unwilling  to  iunitsh  the  individual 
miners  with  the  articles  they  required 
in  small  quantities,  more  especiallj 
when  thcv  had  to  wait  so  long  tor  pair* 
ment.  The  company  were  according!  j 
forced  to  become  wholesale  purchasers, 
and  retail  to  their  workmen.  At  first, 
this  was  confined  to  meal,  potatoes, 
and  other  bulky  articles  of  consump- 
tion, with  the  candles  and  gunpowder 
required  in  the  mining  operations;  but, 
by  degrees,  the  system  was  extended, 
and  now  almost  every  article  which 
the  miners  re(|uire  can  be  procured  at 
the  companv*8  store.  Inhere  is  nothing 
illegal  in  this,  as  lead  mines  are  not 
enumerated  in  the  statute  generally 
known  as  the  Truck  Act ;  neither  do  I 
mean  to  charge  the  company  with  the 
exaction  of  exorbitant  profits,  the 
injury  of  which  workmen  generallj 
complain.  There  is,  however,  a  more 
subtle  evil  invariably  connected  with 
this  system,  the  baneful  effects  of  whkk 


IBSa] 


Modem  Ilisiafy  qfil$e  Leadhi/U^ 


595 


luve  been  folly  cxperieoced  at  Lead- 

hilLsT  viz.  the  fostering  a  spirit  of  im- 
providence among  the  worJcmen.  The 
company  may,  it  is  true,  ensure  itself 
against  loss  by  limiting  the  amount 
and  vulue  of  the  artit^les  furnished  from 
the  store  to  each  individual ;  but  what 
is  there  to  keep  the  man  himself  within 
the  bounds  of  prudence  ?  He  is  al- 
ways ino9t  sanguine  m  to  the  result  of 
the  iind  settlement,  and  invariably 
calculates  on  ft  lo^er  balance  than  the 
result  justifies.  He  may  not  an  yet 
have  been  very  successful,  but  he  trusts 
to  the  vici^itudes  of  mining,  and  hopes 
that  the  vein  on  which  he  is  engaged 
may  soon  i*ender  him  a  larger  return 
for  his  labour*  Buoye<l  up  with  this 
feelini?,  and  yielding  to  some  passing 
temptation  or  the  caprice  of  the  mo- 
ment} he  draws  goods  and  commodities 
from  the  store  which  a  more  sober  and 
correct  cBtimatc  of  his  position  would 
have  taught  him  to  do  without.  Be« 
«idcs,  ready  money  is  otlen  desired  for 
other  purposes,  and  here  again  the 
store  supplies  him  with  a  ready  but 
ruinous  resource.  The  articles  ob- 
tained thence  are  disposed  of  at  a  tower 
price,  and  thus  the  old  adage  of  bura- 
mg  the  candle  at  both  ends  is  exem- 
pli Hed  to  the  infinite  injury  of  the 
workman.  The  result  hft,s  been  that 
there  are  few  miners  at  LeudhlHs  who 
have  not  at  some  time  or  other  con- 
tracted debts  for  which  they  pledge 
the  precarious  security  of  the  houses 
they  have  built ;  but  those  who  have 
once  taken  this  fabe  step  seldom  if 
ever  can  retrieve  themselves*  and  the 
debts  thus  recklessly  incurred  hang 
like  a  millstone  round  their  neck  till 
their  dying  day,  trammeling  their  ex- 
ertions, binding  them  still  closer  to  the 
village,  and  adding  another  induce* 
ment  to  accept  lower  wages  therefrom 
their  inability  to  seek  employment 
el  !M2  where. 

With  all  these  disadvantage  bow- 
ever,  and  with  a  sttU  decreaaing  pro- 
duce from  the  mines,  the  miners  at 
Leadhiils  are  bv  no  means  so  low  in 
condition  as  might  have  been  supposed. 
Their  earnings,  as  I  said  before,  are 
more  than  equal  to  those  of  the  labouring 
classes  in  other  districts,  while  their 
general  character  for  honeatjr  and  intel- 
ligence stands  deservedly  high.  Crime 
is  almost  unknown :  on  two  occasions 
only  within  the  present  century  baa 


the  interference  of  the  public  prose- 
cutor been  required,  and  both  oaaes 
were  disposed  of  by  the  sheriff  without 
resorting  to  a  higher  tribunal.  The 
one  was  an  attempted  fraud  on  the 
company  by  the  removal  of  some  ore 
from  a  heap  where  a  lower  to  one  where 
a  higher  rate  per  ton  would  have 
been  obtained  ;  and  the  other  a  mere 
drunken  brawl  on  a  fair-night.  Ap- 
prehensions have  been  expressed  that 
the  intercourse  with  the  navvies  during 
the  formation  of  the  Caledonian  Rail- 
way has  hail  a  tendency  to  innovate  on 
this  high  character ;  but  I  consider 
this  erroneous.  From  no  email  ex- 
perience of  that  c!a5&,  I  am  convinced 
that  justice  has  been  seldom  done  to 
the  character  of  the  navvy.  Hia  vices 
and  faults  are  so  evident  and  obtrusive 
that  they  too  often  obscure  the  virtues 
which  exist,  though  less  prominently 
developed.  At  all  events  I  am  certain 
that  the  former  are  not  of  a  nature  to 
present  any  temptations  to  the  miners 
of  Leadhiils,  or  indeed  to  Scotobmeti 
ffeoerally-  80  far  from  any  injurious, 
I  am  inclined  to  suppose  that  the  in- 
tercourse in  question  which,  after  all, 
was  exceedingly  limited,  may  have 
produced  a  beneficial  effect.  It  will 
assuredly  have  tended  to  the  allevia- 
tion of  some  of  the  evils  already  enu- 
merated if  the  inh^ibitauts  of  Leadhiils 
have  imbibed  any  of  that  spirit  of 
mobility  which  characterises  the  navvy, 
rendering  him  at  home  wlierever  he 
may  be^  and  ready  to  accept  the  em- 
ployment offered  him,  careless  whether 
It  places  him  among  the  hedgerows 
and  lanes  of  England,  the  heath-clad 
passes  of  Scotland,  the  plains  of  France, 
the  sierras  of  S[)ain,  the  sands  of  Egypt, 
or  the  swamps  of  Darien. 

Undoubtedly  much  of  the  high  cha- 
racter of  the  Leadbiils  miners  is  owing 
to  the  religious  and  educational  ad- 
vantages which  have  been  provided 
for  them  by  the  liberality  of  the  Earls 
of  Hopctoun  and  the  mining  compa- 
nies. You  are  aware  that  by  the  laws  of 
the  Scotch  church  it  was  declared  that 
no  ordained  minister  should  be  insti- 
tuted at  any  place,  unless  an  endow- 
ment had  been  previously  settled  on 
the  incumbent  and  his  successors  in 
peq)etuity.  From  the  fluctuations  of 
all  mining  populations,  this  rule  could 
not  without  great  injustice  be  enforced 
against  the  proprietors  of  such  works ; 


A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Scotland. 


596 

and  there  were  strong  pounds  for 
considering  them  exceptional  cases. 
For  this  reason  the  General  Assembly 
in  1736  sanctioned  the  application  of 
Lord  Hopetoun  for  an  ordained  clergy- 
man at  Leadhills,  and  from  that  time 
the  village  has  had  the  benefit  of  the 
full  ministrations  of  their  church  at 
their  own  doors,  instead  of  having  to 
seek  them  at  the  parish  church,  a  dis- 
tance of  many  miles.  About  the  same 
time  an  excellent  school  was  also  esta- 
blished. The  houses  of  the  clergymen 
and  schoolmaster,  and  also  the  chapel, 
have  been  provided  by  the  proprietor, 
and  their  salaries  defrayed  mutually 
by  the  landlord  and  tenants  of  the 
mines.  In  1741  Mr.  Stirling  in- 
duced the  miners  to  institute  a  library, 
rightly  judging  that  it  was  better  to 
make  this  a  self-supporting  rather 
than  eleemosynary  institution.  The 
terms  of  admission  and  the  annual 
subscription  were,  however,  fixed  at  a 
very  moderate  sum.  Liberal  dona- 
tions of  standard  works  were  also  from 
time  to  time  presented  by  the  Hope- 
toun family,  the  Mining  Company,  and 
its  successive  agents.  These  were  ge- 
nerally well  selected,  and  the  institu- 
tion became  possessed  of  an  useful 
collection  amounting  to  about  1700 
volumes.  Keccnt  additions  have  not, 
however,  improved  the  character  of 
the  library,  and  I  am  afraid  it  now 
merit*  most  justly  the  description  in 
the  Household  Words.  The  causes  of 
this  would  appear  to  be  inherent  in 
institutions  oi  this  kind,  supported  hy 
the  contributions  of  the  members.  It 
is  impossible,  and  indeed  would  be 
unfair,  to  exclude  the  subscribers  from 
the  management,  but  unfortunately 
these  persons  are  often  very  far  from 
competent  to  pronounce  a  correct 
judgment  on  the  value  or  usefulness 
of  a  particular  book.  The  excitement 
connected  with  the  secession  of  the 
Free  Church  aggravated  the  evils  which 
owe  their  origin  to  this  cause.  Several 
of  the  most  active  subscribers  were 


[June, 


zealous  partizansi  who,  instigated  bj 
proselytizing  influences  in  certain 
quarters,  advocated  and  carried  reao* 
lutions  for  the  purchase  of  works  of 
controversial  theology  connected  with 
that  question,  which  certainly  were  bj 
no  means  calculated  to  instruct  or  im- 
prove persons  in  the  situation  of  the 
Leadhills  miners.  These^viU  are  not* 
however,  peculiar  to  this  library,  but, 
as  I  have  already  observed,  appear  in- 
separable from  institutions  of  this  kind, 
supported  by  the  contributions  of  the 
members.  The  subscribers  have  them- 
selves no  general  knowledge  of  books, 
and  are  consequently  at  the  mercy  of 
those  advertisements  called  **  Opinions 
of  the  Press,"  which  not  unfrequentlj 
consist  of  garbled  extracts,  and,  too 
oiten,  of  purchased  puffs.  On  the 
strength  of  these,  particulars  works  are 
procured,  without  any  accurate  in- 
formation of  the  nature  of  their  con- 
tents, and  in  total  ignorance  whether 
or  not  they  are  adapted  to  the  compre- 
hension of  the  members.  I  lately  had 
occasion  to  observe  a  striking  example 
of  this  when  looking  over  the  catalogue 
of  a  parish  library  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  Leadhills.  The  subscribers 
were  chiefly  the  small  farmers,  their 
servants,  and  agricultural  labourers, 
among  whom  you  may  readily  suppose 
there  was  but  small  Latin  ana  lesa 
Greek,  yet  one  of  the  first  works  which 
caught  my  eye  was  "  Burton*s  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy."*  Indeed  I  have  oflen 
felt  both  surprise  and  regret  that  some- 
thing has  not  been  done  to  remedy 
this  evil.  The  subject  is  certainly  one 
of  importance  when  wc  consider  the 
great  multiplication  of  these  local  li- 
braries which  has  taken  place  within 
late  years;  and  surely  the  Committee 
of  the  Council  of  Education,  or  some 
other  impartial  and  influential  public 
body,  mi^ht  easily,  and  with  the  most 
beneficial  result,  publish  periodically  a 
list  of  standard  works,  witn  their  selhng 
prices,  as  a  safe  and  trustworthy  guide 
to  the  managers  of  such  institutions. 


*  Fye !  my  good  friend.  This  is  an  unhappy  selection  to  objurgate.  Grotius  knows 
no  richer,  rarer  mine  of  thought  than  the  quaint  old  anatomist  of  Lindley.  It  roused 
Sam  Johnson  out  of  his  bed  "  two  hours  *'  earlier  :  and,  be  he  boor  or  be  he  scholar, 
the  "  quips  and  cranks  ''  of  this  rare  English  Democritus  cannot  come  amiss.  Grotius 
however  homologates  what  follows.  He  may  remind  the  reader  that  Bums  was  amoiif 
the  first  who  instituted  such  local  "  Libraries,''  as  Ramsay  was  the  first  who  estabiishM 
a  '*  Circulating  Library  "  in  Scotland,  much  to  the  scandal  of  scandaUIovinf  Robert 
Wodrow,  the  garrulous  Scotch  ecclesiastical  historian. 


1858.] 


Modern  ffhiorif  qfthfj  Leadhilh^ 


597 


If  the  moral  condiiioD  of  the  villoge 
of  Leadbllls  preient^  an  altractiYe 
subject  of  eooteniplatioQ  to  the  po^ 
lltic^l  ivhtlosoplier— its  physical  clia- 
racteridtica  arc  not  less  intercatitsg  to 
the  geologist,  the  botanist,  the  rae- 
teorologist,  and  the  medical  student. 
Bein^  the  highest  itihahited  phice  in 
the  kiogdom,  ttB  climate  is  by  no  means 
a  favourable  one.  From  its  elevated 
poiLtion  the  viUac^e  is  too  often  en* 
Teloped  in  cold  damp  mists  and  showers, 
while  the  lower  country  at  a  very  short 
distance  is  smiling  in  waroith  and  sun- 
aliioe>  From  this  cause,  rheumatism 
and  affections  of  the  chest  are  common 
among  the  inhabitants,  but  on  the 
whole  they  arc  remarkably  healthy, 
and  the  case  of  John  Taylor,*  though 
the  most  extraoTdinary,  is  not  the  only 
instance  of  longevity.  Fever  has  never 
been  prevalent,  and  the  village  has 
entirely  escaped  the  cholera  during 
both  the  visitations  of  that  pestilence. 
Some  year^  ago  the  painter  s  colic  or 
lead  brash  was  of  no  un frequent  oc- 
eurrenect  but  now  it  is  almost  nn* 
known.  The  cause  of  this  improve- 
ment is  undoubtedly  the  alteration  of 
the  smelting  furnaces.  Formerly  thete 
were  situated  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  villa^i  with  chimneys  of  small 
elevation.  They  have  now  been  re- 
moved to  the  distauce  of  a  milCf  and 
in  the  construction  of  the  flues  the  same 
prineiple  Ivas  been  adopted  as  suggested 
the  erection  of  the  immense  and  expen- 
sive chimneys  of  St.  RoHox  (Glasgow) 
and  Warrington.  From  the  nature  of 
these  localities  the  flues  have  lieen  ne^ 
cessarily  raised  in  an  isolated  and  pil- 
lar-shaped  tbnn ;  but  here  the  abrnpt 
ascent  of  the  hill  has  been  taken  ad- 
vantage of  for  the  purpose  of  support, 
and  the  flue  is  thus  carried  to  a  great 
height  at  a  compara lively  small  ex- 
pense. This  e  jc  peui  c  n  t  is,  bo  we  ver,  only 
a  partial  remedy,  and  the  great  extent 
of  ground  around  I  he  mouths  of  the 
chimneys  iit  LcadhilU  which  bus  been 
rende  r ed  i  n  capabl  e  of  s  u  ppo  r I  i  n  g  vegc  - 
tation  gives  a  bund  ant  proof  of  the  fiuan- 
tity  of  noxious  exhalations  which  still 
continue  to  pollute  the  atmosphere.  A 
still  more  scientific  cure  haii,  however, 
been  recently  adopted  by  the  Duke  of 
Boceleuch  at  Wanloehead,  where  the 
lead  fuincLH  are  foiM^ed  tbrough  a  mi- 


Mutdy  divided  shower  of  water^  which 
deprives  them  of  their  poisonous  quali- 
ties. For  this  condenser,  as  it  is  called^ 
a  prisje  uiedal  was  awarded  to  his  Grace 
at  the  Great  Exhibition,  and  a  detailed 
statement  of  the  arrangements  is  given 
on  p.  8  of  the  Reports  by  the  Juries. 
In  connection  with  this  subject,  I  may 
mention  that  when  the  smelting  was 
carried  on  by  strangers  from  England 
they  were  in  the  habit  of  consuming 
large  quantities  of  gin  and  porter  while 
employed,  and  with  them  the  painters' 
colic  was  continually  occurring.  The 
Scotch  workmen  who  succeeded  them 
contented  themselves  with  a  few  mouth- 
fulls  of  cold  water  while  at  work,  and 
they  have  almost  entirely  escaped  its 
attacks.  Indeed,  incredible  as  tt  must 
appear,  I  have  again  and  a^ain  seen 
these  men  blow  off  the  metallic  seum 
from  the  surface  of  a  vessel  of  water 
and  drink  it  with  the  most  perfect  im- 
punity. 

Such  arc  the  reflections  so  "jested 
by  the  present  condition  of  this  se- 
cluded village;  but,  before  we  re- 
sume our  homeward  route,  I  shall  en- 
deavour, my  dear  Grot i us,  to  answer 
your  further  inquiries  as  to  the  gold 
mines  of  Scotland,  and  first  as  to  the 
manner  in  which  It  is  procured  by 
washing.  This  appears  to  be  the  same 
in  almost  all  countries,  and  has  been 
little  altered  from  the  earliest  times. 
The  following  passage  from  Atkinson's 
work,  describing  the  process  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  might  almost  be 
taken  for  a  relation  of  the  proceedings 
of  the  workman  whom  we  see  employed 
in  this  search  near  the  centre  of  the 
village,  not  one  hundred  yards  from 
the  inn,  and  who  were  last  year  so  for- 
tunate as  to  obtain  a  nugget  of  two 
hundred  and  fifty  grains  m  weight. 
'*  First  to  use  tlie  arte  of  delving  with  - 
the sodd  (turf)  spade;  next  the  wheelc- 
barrow  or  hand-barrowe  to  carry  away 
the  same  earth  so  gotten  into  service- 
able places.  Thf*n  to  digg  the  next 
ground  under  that  sodd  so  gotten  with 
a  mat  toe  ke,  picke^  or  tow  bill ;  next  a 
shovell  to  throw  that  earth  so  gotten 
into  a  serviceable  and  convcwieut  place, 
neexe  unto  the  huddle  wht're  the  same 
earth  must  be  rendlcd  and  washed/' 
The  gold  is  always  found  in  the  ailn- 
vial  deposits  on  the  sides  of  the  small 


Eeliled  in  May  Magaxine,  p.  4S7, 


Sui^iy  ofHedingham  CasiUy  in  1592. 


598 

streams,  and  the  first  operation  of  the 
workman,  afler  selecting  one  of  these 
as  the  site  of  his  researches,  is  to  re- 
move the  surface  earth  till  he  comes 
to  a  stratum  of  fine  sand  between  the 
coarse  and  lighter  stuff  above,  and  the 
tile  or  rook  beneath.  Into  this  it  would 
appear  that  the  gold  sinks  by  its  own 
weight.  Successive  portions  of  this 
sand  are  then  placed  in  a  wooden 
trough,  and  washed  carefully  in  the 
stream.  As  the  lighter  particles  are 
scoured  away  the  gold  betrays  itself 
by  its  yellow  metallic  lustre,  and  is 
carefully  picked  out  with  a  quill,  and 
deposited  in  a  small  phial  partially 
filled  with  water. 

As  to  the  various  places  in  Scot- 
land where  gold  has  been  found,  I  may 
refer  you  to  the  Otho  MS.  in  the 
British  Museum,  to  Atkinson's  work, 
and  to  certain  memoranda  given  to 
Sir  Robert  Sibbald  by  Mr.  Robert 
Seton  and  Colonel  Borthwick.  The 
auriferous  district  of  Leadhills  appears 
to  be  the  largest  in  extent ;  for  gold 
has  been  found  not  only  in  all  the 
streams  which  descend  from  the  ele- 
vated plateau  on  which  the  village  is 
situated,  both  into  Dumfriesshire  and 
Lanarkshire,  but  there  are  records  of 
its  discovery  in  various  tributaries  of 
the  Clyde,  from  the  source  of  that 
river  as  low  down  its  course  as  Biggar, 
embracing  a  district  fully  thirty  miles 
in  length  by  twenty  in  breadth.  It 
has  also  been  found  in  several  of  the 


[Jane, 


upper  tributaries  of  the  Tweed  ^as  at 
Kersop  on  Yarrow  Water  near  Phllip- 
haugh,  and  in  Glensaber  bum  at 
Henderland,  in  EttricE,  where  the  re- 
searches were  most  productive.  It 
has  also  been  discovered  in  Mofiat 
Water  and  other  streams  in  Upper 
Annandale.  In  Aberdeenshire  tiiere 
are  said  to  have  been  several  gold 
mines  at  Dumdeer,  Drumffavan,  the 
bogs  of  New  Leslie,  and  Menzies  in 
the  parish  of  Foveran.  Rich  deposits 
are  also  mentioned  at  Overhiil  in 
Behelvie,  on  the  Strathmore  property, 
and  at  Long  Forglan  Moor  near  Dun- 
dee, and  other  places.  In  fact*  thou^ 
the  search  for  gold  may  be  seldom 
profitable,  it  is,  instead  of  one  of  the 
rarest,  one  of  the  most  widely  dis- 
seminated of  minerals,  and  wherever 
you  find  veins  of  quartz  in  connection 
with  other  metds  you  may  be  certain 
that  it  ezists  in  smaller  or  greater 
(quantities. 

And  now  as  time  and  trains  wait  for 
no  man,  except  it  be  a  railway  director, 
we  must  hurr^  down  the  glen  to  catch 
that  which  wdl  re-convey  us  to  the 
northern  metropolis  ;  and,  while  we 
thus  bid  adieu  to  Leadhills  and  its  en- 
virons, I  hope,  dear  Grotius,  that  you 
do  not  regret  the  time  we  have  de- 
voted to  it  and  to  its  story. 

[Not  at  all :  neither  it  is  believed 
will  our  readers;  and  they  have  to 
thank  Grotius. 
Edinburgh^  eonanmieaied  iy  A.B.G.] 


SURVEY  OF  HEDINGHAM  CASTLE,  IN  1592. 
(With  two  Plat9t.) 


THE  archaiologists  of  Essex  meet 
to  inau^ratc  their  new  society  on  the 
site  of  the  noble  castle  of  Hedingham, 
once  the  residence  of  the  De  Veres, 
early  in  the  month  of  July. 

The  castle  stood  in  the  midst  of  a 
fine  park,  upon  a  hill  fortified  by  ancient 
earthworks  of  a  very  formidable  cha- 
racter. When  the  present  house  was 
erected,  early  in  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, some  part  of  these  works  was 
destroyed,  but  enough  has  been  left  to 
enable  us  to  trace  their  extent  and 
fashion  most  satisfactorily.  Of  the 
buildings  the  only  remains  are  the  Great 
Tower,  of  the  Norman  period ;  a  fine 


brick  bridge  over  the  ditch,  of  the  Per- 
pendicular period ;  and  a  few  traces  of 
the  walls  and  towers  surrounding  the 
inner  court.  The  accompanying  plan 
(No.  1),  made  from  actual  measure- 
ment, will  show  the  arrangement  of  the 
works  and  the  position  of  these  remains. 
Mr.  Majendie,  the  present  proprietor, 
has  in  his  possession  an  accurate  survey 
of  the  honour  of  Hedingham,  taken  in 
1592  by  Israel  Armyne,  hy  order  of 
Burghle^.  Amonff  the  plans  in  this 
volume  18  one  of  the  castle  and  build- 
ings as  then  existing,  with  a  written 
statement,  which  was  intended  to  have 
embraced  the  actual  size  of  eaoh  court 


Layard^a  Discoveries  in  Nineveh  and  Babylon.  [June, 


GOO 


ad  occidentalem  finem  ejasdem  dao  pana- 
ria,  et  duo  cubiculi  supra.  Ac  subtus 
dictain  aulam  scituantur  duo  fornices  sive 
cellariee.  Quarum  una  continet,  &c.  Al- 
tera vero  contiuet,  &c.  Et  prope  orien- 
talem  finem  dictse  aulse  scituatur  unus 
quadrangularis  turris  ex  latere  confectus 
continens,  &c.  et  dudum  partitus  in  di- 
versos  cubiculos,  sed  nuper  exterminatos 
per  warrantum  antedicti  comitis.  Sunt 
preeterea  in  dicto  atrio  duo  alii  turres  ex 
latere  etiam  confecti ;  ac  ad  introitum  diet! 
atrii  scituatur  unus  alius  turris  superius. 
Qui  quidem  tres  turres  dudum  partiti 
fuerunt  indivcrsos  cubiculos,  nuper  quoque 
exterminatos  [per  warrantum]  dicti  comi- 
tis.  Deinque  in  dicto  atrio  scituatur  unus 
largus  et  profundus  fons  continens,  &c. 
Et  ex  boreali  parte  dicti  atrii  est  unum 
atrium  exterius  vulgariter  nuncupatum  le 
BasCf  le  Utter,  vel  le  Fore  Court ,  inclu- 
sum  australiter  et  occidentalitec  muro 
laterio,  et  orientaliter  cum  quodam  penario, 
granario,  et  ostiario  ex  latere  et  maere- 


mio  confectif ,  et  tegalis  oopertis»  m  bo- 
realiter  duobns  stabulis  ez  latere  et  mae- 
remio  constructis,  continent*,  &c.  et  tegvlii 
etiam  copertis.  Quod  quidem  atriam  ooa- 
tinety  ficc.  Porro  ezitu  boreali  dicti  atrii  cet 
unnm  aliud  atrium  Tocatom  ie  Back  Vmri, 
continens,  &c.  Ex  cnjos  orientali  parte 
scituatur  unnm  horreum  continent^  ftc 
et  tegnlis  copertum.  Et  dictoa  icitas  life 
mons  continet,  &c.  Deniqae  dictam  Tivt- 
rium  est  suffidenter  palatam  nve  robora- 
tum  et  continet  in  circaita  868  perticatat. 
Quae  efficinnt  21  stadia  28  perticataa.  Ez 
quibus  exurgunt  dno  millimria  tria  atadia 
28  perticatte.  Et  dictum  Tivariiim  naper 
partitum  fuit  in  ...  .  separalea  diviaioBCf 
sive  clausuras,  et  modo  in  aeparabilibw 
tenuris  sive  occnpationibaa  domini  Hea* 
rici  Bellingham,  Criatoferi  Lancton  dcrid, 
Georgii  Harvy  alias  Coe,  Edma&di  Baaham, 
Henrici  Smythe,  Thorns  Cooke,  Johanaii 
Parmeter,  et  Johannia  Jeggon,  et  coa- 
tinet,  &c. 


LAYARD'S  DISCOVERIES  IN  NINEVEH  AND  BABYLON. 

Discoveries  in  tbe  Ruins  of  Nineveh  and  Babylon  ;  with  Travela  in  Armenia,  Knidia* 
tan,  and  the  Desert:  being  the  result  of  a  Second  Expedition  undertaken  for  the 
Trustees  of  the  British  Museum.    By  Austen  H.  Layard,  M.P.   With  Mapa,  Plami 

and  Illustrations.     1853. 


THE  interest  excited  by  the  publi- 
cation of  Dr.  Layard*s  first  work  on 
tbe  discoveries  at  Nineveh  has  spread 
far  and  wide.  The  wondrous  monu- 
ments disentombed  from  their  deep 
resting-places  and  brought  home  to  our 
very  doors  have  mainly  contributed  to 
the  popularity  with  which  exertions  of 
an  extraordinary  kind  have  been  re- 
warded. Thousands  have  visited  them 
in  the  lofty  halts  of  the  national  mu- 
seum, and  cheap  engravings  and  de- 
scriptions have  Introduced  to  almost 
every  cottage  unlooked-for  information 
about  places  the  names  at  least  of  which 
are  associated  with  the  earliest  educa- 
tion of  prince  and  of  peasant.  Wherever 
the  Bible  is  to  be  found  there  Nineveh 
and  Babylon  are  words  to  awaken  at- 
tention and  rouse  inquiry,  and  Dr. 
Layard  himself  must  have  long  rtnce 
seen  with  satisfaction  that,  although  his 
energy  and  perseverance  were  destined 
to  be  shackled  by  the  inadequate  means 
placed  at  his  control,  his  exertions  have 
been  appreciated  by  his  countrymen, 
probably  even  far  beyond  what  he  him- 
self had  expected. 
4 


It  is  not,  however,  in  their  populsr 
phase  that  we  diacoai  and  estimate 
Dr.  Layard*B  laboon.  Apart  from  ill 
that  is  astoundips,  vast,  and  monstrooi, 
they  have  fumiuied  rich  materials  for 
the  sagacity  of  scholars,  and  Colonel 
Kawlinson  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hindci 
have  gone  industrioasly  and  apparently 
successfully  to  work  in  deciphering  tM 
hitherto  unexplained  cnneiform  cha* 
racter,  while  the  French  antiquaries, 
it  is  understood,  have  simultaneouily 
made  great  progress  in  explainioff 
them.  It  is  hardly  to  be  ezpectea 
that  a  task  so  difficult  should  be  ac- 
complished without  many  failures  and 
errors,  but  it  is  cyidcnt  the  learned 
investigators  are  on  the  right  scent, 
for  conducting  their  researches  inde- 
pendently of  each  other,  in  numerous 
mstances  they  have  arrived  at  the  same 
results,  and  thus  a  very  important  maM 
of  historical  information,  strikinglj 
verified  in  many  points  by  sacred  and  . 
profane  writers,  has  been  obtained. 
Th  e  adva  n  toges,  therefore,  of  the  former 
volume,  as  regards  novelty,  is  well  ba- 
lanced in  that  before  us  bj  the  great 


1853.]         LatfarcTs  Discoveries  in  Nineveh  and  Bahyhtn. 


6trt 


additions  made  to  the  interpretations 
of  tlie  Asajrian  ruonuiuenta,  and  es- 
pecially of  the  records  found  in  the 
pubces. 

In  1848,  it  appearg*  Mr,  Layard, 
after  a  brief  residence  m  England  for 
the  beneiit  of  his  health,  rejoined  hia 
post  at  Iler  Mftjesij'B  embaissj  in 
Turkey.  The  trustees  of  the  British 
Bf  u^eum  did  not  at  that  time  intend  he 
should  make  further  excavations  on 
the  site  of  ancient  Nineveh ;  but  when 
the  results  of  his  first  researchea  had 
been  published  and  well  receivetl,  they 
requested  him  to  undertake  a  second 
expedition  into  Asityria,  und  to  furnwh 
a  progTEimuie  of  operiitions.  At  this 
early  stage  we  gain  a  very  important 
piece  of  information,  which  will  explain 
the  cause  of  certain  steps  taken  by  Mr, 
Layard  in  the  course  u(  his  adventures, 
and  it  will  be  plainly  seen  that  he  was 
really  tied  down  to  a  very  limited  field 
of  research  in  comparison  with  his 
own  extended  views.  lu  reply  to  the 
trustees  **  Istated  "  he  observes,  *' what 
appeared  to  me  to  be  the  course  best 
calculated  to  produce  interestipfj  and 
important  results,  and  to  enable  us  to 
obtain  the  most  accurate  io formation 
on  the  ancient  history,  language,  and 
arts,  not  only  of  Assyria,  but  of  its 
sister  kingdom  Babylon.  Perhaf>s  m^ 
plan  was  too  vast  and  general  t^  admit 
of  performance  or  warrant  adoption. 
I  waa  merely  directed  to  re  turn  to  the 
site  of  Nineveh,' and  to  continue  the  re- 
searches commenced  among  its  ruins," 
He  accordingly  proceeded  as  directed ; 
but  before  he  left  Constantinople  we 
see  Mr»  Liiyard  in  the  character  of  a 
mediator  on  behalf  of  the  oppressed 
Yezidis,  and  throughout  his  career  we 
continually  find  him  either  exerting 
his  influence  to  soften  the  rigours  and 
stop  the  cruelties  of  Turkish  misrule, 
or  acting  as  pacificator  between  the 
warlike  and  half  savage  tribes  whose 
territories  he  had  occasion  to  visit. 

Mr.  r^ayard  took  the  route  of  eastern 
Armenia  and  Kurdistan,  as  being  less 
known  than  the  usual  tracts,  and  the 
reader  is  almost  at  once  introduced  to 
much  that  is  novel  in  the  habits  and 
customs  of  the  people,  and  in  the  an- 
ti(|uities  of  the  countries  through  which 
he  passed.  The  architectural  remains 
of  the  early  Mussulman  age  at  Akhtat 
are  exceedmgly  interesting,  and  induce 
a  wish  that  Mr.  Liiyard  could  have  de- 

Gkmt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXLX. 


voted  more  time  to  their  examination > 
The  identification  of  the  route  taken 
by  Zenophon  and  the  ten  thousand  in 
their  celebrated  retreat  is  not  without 
interest,  but  we  hardly  think  justice 
haa  been  done  to  the  researches  of  Mr. 
Francis  Ainsworth,  whose  name,  in- 
deed, seems  only  once  mentioned,  and 
that  in  a  foot-note  on  some  not  y^rj 
important  question.  The  discoveries 
made  at  Kouy  unj  ik  during  Mr.  Layard's 
absence,  although  by  no  means  without 
interest,  are  too  closely  allied  in  charac- 
ter to  those  already  described  in  his 
'^* Nineveh  and  its  Remains''  to  warrant 
the  long  description  that  would  be  ne- 
cessary to  render  their  peculiaritiet 
fully  intelligible,  and  we  pass  at  once 
to  the  dieeovery  of  the  grand  entrance 
to  the  palace,  the  bulls  inscribed  with 
the  name  of  Sennacherib,  and  other 
remarkable  sculpturesj  forming,  per- 
hjips,  the  most  striking  and  valuable 
chapter  in  this  altogether  interesting 
volume. 

When  Mr.  Layard  left  Kouy  unj  ik 
in  1848  for  Europe,  the  fore  part  o/'a 
human-beaded  bull  of  colossal  pro- 
portions bad  been  brought  to  light  on 
the  east  side  of  the  palace.  It  seemed 
to  form  one  side  of  a  doorway,  but,  aa 
the  workmen  proceeded,  it  was  found 
to  be  one  of  a  series  of  figures  forming 
part  of  an  exterior  facade,  the  grand 
entrance  to  the  palace,  180  feet  in 
length.  The  bulls  were  all  more  or 
lese  injured,  by  a  convulsion  of  nature 
it  18  conjectured,  but  their  lower 
ports,  on  which  fortunately  are  the 
mscriptions,  are  preserved.  On  the 
great  bulls  forming  the  centre  portitm 
of  the  grand  entrance  was  one  con- 
tinuous inscription  in  152  lines.  On 
the  four  bulls  of  the  facade  were  two 
ins<;riptionsof  the  same  import.  These 
two  recorils  contain  the  annals  of  six 
years  of  the  reign  of  Sennacherib,  with 
particulars  relating  to  the  religion  of 
the  Ajsyrians,  and  their  palaces,  all 
more  or  less  of  importance.  To  Dr. 
Hincks  is  due  the  credit  of  being  the 
first  to  detect,  in  18-19,  the  name  of 
Sennacherib  in  the  arrow- hem! etl  cha- 
racters of  the  inscribed  bricks  from 
this  edifice.  In  1851  Colonel  Rawlin- 
soii  nubltshed  his  translation  of  the 
inscriptions,  and  subsequent! v»  and  in- 
dependently of  Colonel  Rawhnsou,  Dr. 
Hi  neks  produced  his  transUtion,  an 
ubridj*ement  of  which  is  as  follows  ; 
4H 


J  853.]        Latfard*^  Discoveries  in  Nineveh  and  Babylon, 


603 


The  itiacnptionii  begin  with  the  name 
and  titles  of  Sennacherib.  It  ig  to  be:  re* 
marked  that  he  do^ii  not  stjle  himseir 
"  King,  or  rather  High  Priest,  of  Baby- 
lon,*^ m  bis  father  h&d  done  in  tbe  luttcr 
part  of  bis  reign ;  from  which  it  may  be 
inferred  that*  at  the  time  of  etigrEviog  tbe 
records  he  wae  not  tbe  immediate  aavereigu 
of  that  city,  althoogh  its  chief  may  bate 
paid  tribute  to  bim,  and,  no  doubt,  ac- 
kivowledged  his  supremacy.  He  oilhi  him- 
self "  the  Bubdnerof  kings  from  the  upper 
lea  of  the  set  ting  sod  (tbe  Mediterraaean) 
to  the  lower  sea  of  tbe  rising  Bun'*  (the 
Persian  Gulf).  In  the  first  year  of  hia  rc^Ji 
he  defeated  Merodacb  Bedadan,  a  name 
with  which  we  are  familiar^  for  it  is  tbvs 
king  who  ia  mentioned  in  the  Old  Teata- 
ment  as  sending  letteri;  and  a  present  to 
Hezekiah,*  when  the  Jewish  monarch  in 
hi»  pride  shewed  the  ambai&adors  *'  the 
bouse  of  bis  prccioua  things,  tbe  silver  and 
thi«  gold,  and  the  ipie^s,  and  the  precious 
ointment,  and  all  the  house  of  bis  armour, 
and  all  that  was  found  in  his  treasurea  : 
there  was  notbing  in  hia  bouse,  nor  in  all 
his  dominions,  that  llexekiah  showed  tbem 
uot;'^  an  act  of  vain  boasting  which  led 
to  the  reprot>f  of  the  prophet  Isaiah,  and 
to  bis  foretelling  that  all  tbe  wealtb^  to- 
gether with  the  descendants  of  its  owner, 
should  be  carried  away  as  spoil  to  the  very 
city  from  which  tbeae  ftmbittadors  came. 
KlerodacU  Balatdan  is  called  king  of  Kar- 
Duniyns,  a  city  and  country  frequently 
mentioned  in  the  Asftyrian  inscriptions, 
and  comprising  tbe  southernmost  part  of 
Mesopotamia,  near  the  conQuence  of  the 
TtgKs  and  Euphrates.  This  king,  with 
tbe  help  of  bis  Susianiaii  allies,  had  re- 
cently recoverrd  Babylon,  fromi  wbicb 
Sargon,  Sennscherib's  father,  had  expelled 
him  in  the  twelfth  year  of  bia  reign  i  the 
battle  appears  to  have  been  fought  conai- 
derahly  to  the  north  of  that  city.  The 
result  was  tbat  Sennacherib  totally  defeated 
Merodach  Baladan,  who  fled  to  save  his 
life,  leaving  behind  bioi  his  cbariota,  urj^- 
ffOfiM  (/),  horses,  mares,  atses  (/),  camels 
and  ridinff-hortetf  wilh  their  trappingtjbr 
ipar  (7).  The  victorious  king  then  ad- 
vanced lo  Babylon^  where  he  plundered 
tlie  pa  lace,  carrying  off  a  Taat  treaanre  of 
gold,  silver,  veaaeli  of  gold  and  silver, 
precious  stones,  men  and  women  serf  anU, 
and  a  variety  of  objects  which  cannot  yet 
be  sattafactorily  deierinined.  No  less  tbaa 
seventy- nine  cities  (or  fortresses),  atl  tbe 
coatkaof  the  Cbaldaeans,  and  eight  hundred 


and  twenty  smnll  towns  (or  villages),  de- 
pendent upon  ib^Qi,  were  taken  and  spoiled 
hy  tbe  AsRyrian  arniy»  and  the  great  wan* 
dering  tribe^f  *'*  that  dwelt  around  the  cities 
of  Me^opntamia,"  tbe  Syrians  (Arameans) 
and  ClmldueanB,  ike,  were  brought  under 
subjection.  Sennarberih  having  made 
Belib,t  one  of  bis  own  officers,  sovereign 
of  the  conquered  provinces,  proceeded  to 
subdue  the  powerful  tribes  who  border  on 
Euphrates  and  Tigris,  and  amongst  them 
the  Uagarrnes  and  Nal^atba^ns.  From 
these  wandering  people  he  declares  thai  he 
carried  off  lo  Assyria,  probably  colonising 
with  tbem,  as  was  (he  custom,  new-built 
towns  and  villages,  208,000  men,  women, 
and  children,  7,^00  horses  and  mares, 
11,063  ofjen  (?),  5,230  camels,  1^,100 
oxen,  and  80t$,&00  fibeep..  In  the  same 
year  Sennacherib  received  a  great  tribute 
from  the  conquered  Khararah,  and  sub- 
dued the  people  of  Kherimmi,  whom  he 
declared  to  have  been  long  rebellious.  In 
the  second  year  of  his  reign  be  appears  to 
baf  e  tnrned  bis  arms  to  tbe  north  of  Nine- 
veh. By  the  help  of  Aahur,  be  says,  he 
went  to  Bishi  and  Yasubirablai  (both  names 
of  doubtful  reading,  aud  not  identified), 
wbo  had  long  been  rebellious  to  the  king 
bia  father.  He  took  Beth  Kilamxakb, 
their  principal  city,  and  carried  away  their 
lueo,  small  and  great,  hori^es,  mares, 
attet  (/),  oxen  and  sheep.  He  made  tab- 
lets, and  wrote  on  them  (he  laws  (or  tri* 
bule)  imptiMed  upon  the  conquered t  end 
set  them  up  in  tbe  city. 

As  we  proceed  the  annals  increase 
in  interest,  and  in  remarkable  eoiuci- 
d«nce  with  events  recorded  in  sacred 
history.  In  the  third  year  of  bis  reign 
Sennacherib  overran  Syria*  the  people 
of  wbicb  are  called  by  tbeir  biblical 
nameof  Hittitea,  the  Khatti,  or  Kbetta, 
and  compelled  the  Kings  of  Sidon  und 
Phoenicia  to  pay  tribute.  All  tbe  kioga 
of  the  aea- coast  ^ubtuiited  to  bttn,  ex- 
cept Zidkaba  (Zedekiab  ?)  or  Zidka- 
bai  King  of  Aiicalon,  He,  however, 
soon  shared  tbe  common  tate. 

A  passage  of  great  importance  which 
now  occnrs  is  unfortunately  so  much  io<- 
jured  that  it  has  not  yet  been  satisfactorily 
restored.  It  appears  to  state  tbat  tfaa 
chief  prieittt  (/)  and  people  of  Ekroti  (?) 
bad  dethroned  their  king  Padiya,  who  was 
dependent  upon  Assyria,  and  had  delivered 
hitn  up  to  Hezekiah,  king  of  Judsea.   Tbo 


*  Tsatah,  xxxix.  T,  and  9  Kings,  xx.  I5f,  where  Che  name  is  written  Berodacb. 

f  Colonel  Uawlinson  reads  Bel-adou.  This  Belib  is  the  Behb us  of  Ptolemy's  canon. 
Tbe  mention  of  hia  name  led  Dr.  Hiocks  to  determine  the  acceision  of  Seoaocherib 
to  be  in  703  B.C, 


6U4 


La^artfi  DUcoveJ-ies  in  Nintmeh  ami  Bah^Utn.  [Jmnft, 


king!  of  Egy|)t  sent  an  army,  the  main 
p&rt  of  which  is  Kaiil  to  hnve  belonged  to 
the  kiog  of  Milukhkha  (Meroe,  or  Ethi- 
opia), to  Jodsea,  prebabt?  to  bdp  tlieii 
Jewish  alJieu.  Sennacherib  jmned  battle 
with  the  Egyptians,  totally  defeated  ibem 
near  the  city  of  Al  .  .  .  ku,  capturing  the 
charioteera  of  the  king  of  Milukbkha,  and 
placing  them  tn  conhnement^  This  battle 
between  the  armies  of  the  Aetyrians  tod 
Egyptiani  appears  to  be  hinted  ftt  iu  Iiaiab 
and  in  the  Book  of  Kiogs.*  Fadiyt  hav- 
ing been  brought  back  fiom  Jenasalem, 
fTBj  replaced  by  SeunacheKh  nu  his  throne^ 
"  Uezekiah,  king  of  Judah/'  aaya  tbe  Af- 
afrian  king,  *'  who  baa  not  submitted  to 
iny  authority,  forty -six  of  his  principal 
cities^  and  fortresaea  and  villages  depend- 
ing upon  them,  of  which  I  took  no  account, 
I  captured  and  carried  away  their  apoil. 
I  whni  up  (?)  himself  witbin  Jeruaaienii 
hia  capital  city.  The  forti^ed  towoB,  and 
the  rest  of  his  town«,  wbith  I  spoiled,  I 
severed  from  his  country,  atid  (;ave  to  the 
kioga  of  Ascalou,  Ekron,.  and  Gaza,  so  as 
to  make  his  country  tiiuoll.  In  addition 
to  the  former  tribute  imposed  upon  tlieir 
countriee^^  1  added  a  tribute,  the  nature  of 
which  I  fixed."  Tbe  next  passage  is  some- 
what defaced,  but  the  auhatance  of  il  ap- 
peara  to  be^  that  he  took  from  Hezekiah 
the  treasure  he  collected  in  Jerusalem, 
30  talents  of  gold  and  M^  tale  it  tt  of  silver, 
the  treasures  of  his  palace,  b€Mitle»  his  eoii* 
mud  hia  daughters,  amd  hia  male  and  female 
servants,  or  slaves,  and  brought  them  all 
to  Nineveh,  The  city  itself,  however,  he 
docs  not  pretend  to  have  taken. 

Colonel  RuwUiison's  verBioti  of  this 
portion  of  the  inscription  eligbtlj  dif- 
fers from  that  of  Dr»  Hi  neks,  byt  they 
agree  in  I  he  main  points,  ll'we  ttirn 
to  the  book  of  2  Kings  xviil,  13  and  14, 
We  shall  find  such  necorduntes  us  will 
leave  but  little  doubt  of  the  eventu 
there  described  being;  one  and  the  same 
with  those  recorded  in  the  inscriptions. 
Tbe  coincideoce  in  the  amount  of  the 
treasure  in  gold,  thirty  talents,f  is  too 
remarkable  to  leave  room  for  scepti- 
cism, and  I  as  ftir,  Layard  observes, 
'^too  much  stress  cannot  be  laid  on 
this  singular  fact^  as  it  tends  to  prove 
the  ffeneral  accuracy  of  tbe  historical 
details  contained  in  tbe  Assyrian  in- 
scriptions" The  extracts  here  given 
by  no  means  exhaust  this  interesting 
portion  of  the  volume^  and  we  c&anot 


even  refer  to  tbe  curious  sculptured 
illustrations  of  tbe  reign  of  thi«  Active 
and  ij  pi  end  id,  but  savuge  and  remone- 
liss  king. 


The  sericB  of  has-rebeft  represewl* 
ing  the  taking  of  Lachish  by  Setina- 
clicrib  are  jjcrhaps  the  tiiost  remark* 
able.  In  them  we  get  the  full-lengfli 
portrait  of  the  King  htmsetl^  ricalj 
array eil,  and  seated  upon  his  tbrooe» 
su}>erinlending  in  person  the  alayn^ 
and  flaying  alive  of  his  prisoners.  The 
throne  resembles  one  actually  dia* 
covered  in  the  |Mdace  at  Nituroud* 
Over  tbe  head  of  tbe  King  wai  in- 
scribed the  following,  as  traJiiilat«d» 
*^  Sennacherib,  the  mighty  King,  King 
of  the  country  of  Assyria,  sitting  at 
the  throne  of  judgment,  before  tht 
city  of  Lachish  TLakhisha).  I  give  per- 
mission for  ita  slaughter,"  The  takjog 
of  Lachish    by  Sennacherib   will    be 


*  Ifaiah,  ixxvia ;  2  KiDgs,  xix,  9. 

t  **  And  the  King  of  Assyria  appointed  onto  Hesekiab,  Kisg  of  Jadah,  900 
of  silver  and  30  talents  of  gold/'— ?  Kings,  xviij.  U. 


1853.]        Latfard's  Discoveries  in  Ninmeh  and  Babylon, 


605 


found  ill  the  Book  of  Kings  and  in 
Isaiah.  Dr.  Layiird  says  the  physiog- 
nomy of  the  captives  in  the  Bciilptures 
deludes  them  to  be  Jews. 

We  have  hitherto  only  referred  to 


some  of  the  concordanccB  between  the 
inscriptions  and  scripture  narruiive« 
The  discoveries  are  hardly  less  in- 
structive in  their  bearings  on  general 
history.    There  is  no  tilling  at  present 


to  what  extent  they  tnay  lead,  or  what 
new  directions  they  may  take  when  the 
whole  of  the  inscriptions  are  read,  and 
when  they  shall  l>e  collated  with  the 
results  of  the  French  explorers.  It 
would  be  unwise  and  profitless  to 
speculate  on  what  the  future  may  re- 
veal, when  we  ponder  over  the  mar- 
vellous things  which  have  been  made 
known  to  ua  in  so  brief  a  periwl  and 
under  such  diiBeulties,  and  when  we 
feel  that  we  are  as  yet  but  barely  upon 
the  threshold  of  the  Assyrian  archive 
chambers.  But,  under  the  guidance  of 
Dr.  Layard,  we  may  survey  the  archi- 
tecture of  cities  and  palaces,  examine 
workmen  engaged  in  transporting  and 
erecting  stones  and  sculptures  of  co- 
lossal proportions,  witness  the  various 
stratagems  of  war,  the  nnumer  of  fight- 


inwf,  and  the  paraphernalia  of  war,  the 
triumph  of  the  conquerors,  and  the 
miseries  of  the  conquered. 

The  Assyrians,  it  appears,  employed 
their  captives  in  quarrying  and  sculp- 
turing toe  vast  stones  used  in  decora- 
ting tue  palaces.  Many  of  them  worked 
in  chains  and  fetters,  supported  b^  a 
bar  fastened  to  the  waist,  or  with 
shackles  round  the  ankles.  Tbcv  were 
divided  into  bands,  superintended  by 
tajik- masters  armed  with  staves.  The 
sculptures  were  moved  by  sledges  and 
rollers  lifted  and  propelled  by  huge 
levers  of  wood  used  with  wedges,  pre- 
cisely as  at  the  present  day,  to  vary 
the  height  of  the  fulcrum.  Like  the 
Egyptians^  the  Assyrians  were  well 
acquainted  with  the  art  of  rope- making, 
for  the  cables  used  in  conveying  the 


606  Layard's 

iCulptures  were  evidently  «f  great 
length  and  thickness*  The  sWge 
bearing  thii  aoulptiire  is  represented 
as  followed  by  men  with  coila  of  rope 
and  implemeiila,  and  dragging  carts 
laden  with  cables  and  beams;  workmen 
accompany  it^  carrying  saws»  hatchets, 
piekaxes,  shovels,  &c»  The  King  su- 
perintends; and  so  completely  is  the 
picture  finished  that  even  the  landscape 
IS  introduced,  hills  wooded  with  Tines 
and  fig-trees^  rivers  and  marsh ea,  and 
a  town  or  large  village,  the  houses  of 
which  have  conical  roofs  resembling 
those  still  found  in  soine  parta  of 
northern  Syria,  The  more  usual  re- 
presentations of  warfare  are  occasion* 
ally  varied  by  scenes  of  dttmestic  life. 
On  one  of  the  Kouyunjik  slabs  is 
sculptured  a  view  of  the  interior  of  a 
for ti fied  cam p  i n  the  moun tai n s .  With- 
in the  walls  are  tents,  the  owners  of 
which  are  occupied  in  cooking  and  in 
preparing  the  couches,  while  others 
are  seated  at  table  with  their  shields 
hung  ufion  the  tent-pole  above  them. 

Dr*  Layard's  bulky  volume  is  agree- 
ably diversified  by  accounts  of  some 
excursions  he  made,  one  of  the  most 
interesting  of  which  was  a  journey  to 
the  banks  of  the  Khubour,  the  Cha- 
boraa  of  the  Greeks,  and  the  Habor  or 
Chebar  of  the  Samaritan  captivity  of 
the  Bible.  The  rapid  manner  in  which 
the  reader  is  introduced  to  discovery 
after  discovery  renders  the  digression 
agreeable,  for  he  is  aware  that  tried 
workmen  are  progresuing  with  their 
excavations,  and  that  after  awhile  more 
novelties  will  be  laid  before  him.  The 
river  Khabour  rises  in  the  north  of 
Mesopotamia,  and  winding  through  the 
midst  of  the  desert  falls  into  the  Eu- 
phrates of  Circcaium,  the  nuidei'n 
CJarfceseea,  as  the  Bedouins  call  it.  It 
has  been  but  imperfectly  explored,  for 
its  fertile  pastures  are  occupied  by  or 
resorted  to  by  wandering  tribes  of 
Arabs,  the  dread  and  terror  of  tra- 
vellers. Under  the  escort  of  a  Bedouin 
Sheikh,  accompanied  by  his  artist  and 
some  companions,  and  agreat  acceBsion 
of  volunteers,  who  inereused  the  cara- 
van to  nearly  one  hundred  men,  Dr* 
Lay  art!  proceeded  first  to  the  ruins  of 
Abou  Khameera,  where  some  of  his 
workmen  had  been  excavating  without 
much  success.  The  ruins  of  Sinjar, 
supposed  by  some  to  be  the  Singara  of 
the  Romans,  seemed  not  earlier  than 
the  Mohammedan  period.     It  h  there- 


in Nineveh  and  Bnbi^hn*  [June, 


lad  dii- 


foi*e  very  probable  that  the  remains  in 
question  were  not  those  of  the  Singarm 
of  which  so  many  coins  are  extant,  and 
which  must  have  been  a  place  of  toi> 
great  importance  to  be  entirely  de- 
stroyed. At  Arban  some  winged  hu* 
man -headed  bulb*  of  a  very  Arcbak 
character  were  extricated  from  a  momnl, 
but  the  walls  of  the  buildings  bad  dii- 
appeared.  They  found  vases, 
^la2ed  pottery,  glass,  and  a  small 
mscribed  with  Chinese  characters, 
as  are  not  unfrcquentlj  found 
Egyptian  tombs.  These  Chinese 
are  sup|xised  to  be  comparatively  mo- 
dern, and  to  have  been  brought  by 
Arabs  from  the  East  in  the  eighth  of 
ninth  century ;  such  are  still  i^old  it 
Cairo.  The  excursion  to  the  Khaboor, 
though  replete  with  incident  and  in- 
foruiation  relating  to  the  Bedouins  and 
Arabs  and  life  In  the  Desert,  was  not 
signalized  by  any  remarkuble  discovery 
beyond  that  of  the  general  course  ii 
the  river,  and  the  rectificalioD  of 
geographical  questions. 

In  the  meantime  the  excavationi 
Kouyunjik  had  l>een  vigortmsljr  aud 
successfully  carried  on.  The  long  gal- 
lery, on  the  walls  of  which  bad  been 
portrayed  the  transport  of  the  colossal 
stone  and  winged  bull^had  been  cieariMl 
of  earth.  It  proved  to  be  ^  /©el  iu 
length  and  13  m  breadth.  The  walls 
were  covered  with  sculpiured  slabs  six 
feet  high,  representing  processions  of 
servants  carrying  fruits  ot  various 
kin<]Sf  hares,  birds,  dried  locusts,  and 
fruits  resembling  pineapples  fastened 
on  long  sticks,  precisely  as  onions  are 
preserved  at  the  present  day.  Otben 
follow  with  tables,  bafikets  of  cakei» 
Iruits,  and  flowers.  On  the  opposite 
side  was  a  procession  of  horses  led  bj 

t rooms,  designed  with  much  spirit  ana 
delity.  Tliis  rich  discovery  was  mit^ 
ceeded  by  that  of  bas-reliefs  represent* 
ing  the  sacking  of  a  large  city,  conjee* 
tured  by  Dr,  Layard  to  refer  to  » 
campaign  in  Armenia.  The  Ass j Han 
army  is  seen  fording  a  river,  in  wbioh 
fish  are  disporting;  rivulets  bordered 
by  vines  and  orchards  empty  tf 
selves  into  the  mjiin  stream.  On 
side  the  sculptor  has  tried  to  gir« 
notion  of  a  valley  by  reversing  the 
trees  and  hi  lis.  In  these  sculptures 
the  gay  decorations  of  the  horses  art* 
particularly  conspicuous.  As  usual, 
the  campaign  ends  in  a  vl€tor3r  and 
massacre  of  the  captives.    We  are  now 


ruereu 


^^^ 


1853.]        iMffarcTs  Discoveriei  in  Nineveh  ami  Babylon. 


607 


introduced  to  the  tish-god,  the  DngoD 
of  the  FbdjatiDes,  and  Dext  to  one  of 
the  niost  mteresting  of  all  these  curious 
reTelatiooa — the  archive  cbambers  of 
the  palace  of  Nineveh^ 

The  Assyriaua  very  properly  appre- 
ciated the  durability  of  terra-cotta,  and 
the  ease  with  which  it  could  be  worked, 
and  to  this  material  they  entrusted  the 
national  records  and  public  documenta. 
Probably  nothing  else  would  have  so 
well  aoiswered  this  purpose,  and  it  is 
rathersu rpr lEing  that  terra- co tta sho ul d 
not  now  oe  used  wherever  it  ia  requi- 
lite  to  insure  ihe  preservation  of  iu- 
icriptions.  The  clay  tablets  on  which 
the  Assyrians  recorded  the  national 
mnnals  are  flat,  and  measure  from  one 
iBch  in  length  to  nine  inches  by  six 
and  a  half-  The  cuneiform  charactera 
an  most  of  ihem  are  singularly  shtirp 
and  well-defined,  but  in  some  cages  s4d 
minute  as  to  be  almost  illegible  without 
a  magnifying-glass.  The  chambers  de- 
voted to  these  fiotile  records  were  en- 
tirely filled  with  them  to  the  height  of 
a  foot  or  more  from  the  floor*  The 
inscriptions  upon  them  are  of  several 
kinds,  such  as  records  of  wars,  royal 
decrees  stamped  with  the  name  of  a 
son  of  Easarhaddon,  lists  of  gods,  an<l 
80  forth.  Oo  one  Dr,  Hi  neks  has  de- 
tected ft  table  of  the  relutive  value  of 
some  of  the  cuneiform  characters,  ex- 
pressed by  alphabetical  signs;  on  auo- 
ther  what  ap{>ears  to  be  a  calendar.  In 
one  of  the  chambers  was  a  recess  paved 
with  an  enormous  alabaster  slab,  21 
feet  by  16  feet.  Not  only  were  the 
exposed  parts  occupied  by  inscriptions, 
but  the  back  of  the  slab,  resting  on  a 
platform  of  bricks,  whs  also  covered 
with  cuneiform  writing. 

It  is  diflicult  to  understand  (»ayt  Dr. 
Lb  yard)  why  so  much  labour  should  have 
been  apparenllj  thrown  away  upon  an  in- 
■eription  which  would  remain  unseen  until 
the  edifice  itself  was  utterly  destroyed. 
Still  more  curious  ia  the  fact,  that,  wUtlst 
this  inscription  contwini  all  tlie  historical 
details  of  that  on  the  oppoiite  side,  the 
reeords  of  two  or  three  more  years  are 
added,  and  that  the  upper  inscription  stops 
abrupUy  io  the  middle  of  a  sentence.  It 
is  possible  that  the  Luilders  of  the  temple, 
foreseeing  its  ruin,  had  determined  that,  if 
ibeir  enemies  should  throui;h  malice  de< 
face  their  annaU,  there  should  still  remain 
another  record,  inacceeaible  and  unknown, 
which  would  preserve  Hik  history  of  their 
greatne»s  and  glory  unto  all  lime. 

The  inscription  on  this  ^eat  luuno- 


litb  is  mainly  a  narrative  of  wara^  in^ 
vasions,  exacting  of  tributCi  burning 
cities,  and  killing,  burning,  and  im- 
paling captives ;  but  a  portion,  not  yet 
deciphered,  relates  to  the  building  of 
one  of  the  palaces  of  Nimroud,  and 
may  probably  lead  to  the  restoration 
of  tlie  original  plan  of  the  edifice* 

No  one,  in  pondering  over  the  extra- 
ordinary discoveries  detailed  in  this 
volumct  can  fail  in  being  struck  by 
the  overpowering  evidence  of  the  low 
state  of  moral  feeling  in  the  Assyrians, 
and  of  their  sanguinary  and  ferocious 
disposition.  The  intellect  which  raised 
theirgorgeous  palaces,  and  formed  and 
fashioned  works  of  art  displaying  ad- 
mirable skill  and  ingenuity^  Beems  not 
to  have  modified  or  softened  the  in- 
nate brutality  of  the  Assyrian  cha- 
racter. Thus  among  their  monument* 
we  constantly  see  them  portraying 
tberuselves  as  flaying  their  prisoners 
alive,  wrenching  their  tongues  out,  and 
inflicting  all  sorts  of  tortures  that  the 
most  bruJal  cruelty  could  devise.  The 
bleeding  heads  of  the  slain  were  fast- 
ened round  the  necks  of  their  living 
coniradea  reserved  for  the  torturers. 
Superstition  of  the  foulest  kind  waa 
their  religion,  "These  men  having 
spoken  blasphemiea  against  Assbur,  tbe 
great  god  of  the  Assyrians,''  says  a 
brief  epigraph,  **  their  tongues  had  been 
pulled  out,  and  they  bad  afterwards 
been  put  to  death  or  tortured.**  The 
glory  and  splendour  of  the  palaces,  the 
processions  of  musicians  playing  the 
dulcimer,  the  harp,  the  tabor,  and  pipe, 
"  and  all  kinds  of  music,"  the  gem- 
decked  prince  and  his  servants  covered 
with  ornaments,  are  but  the  one  side 
of  a  picture  which  must  be  seen  in  a 
reversed  point  of  view  to  be  »roj>erly 
estimated.  The  soil  on  whicn  for  so 
many  ages  superstition  and  ignorance 
grew  in  rank  luxuriance  is  still  u»- 
purified,  and  the  Nestorian  persecu- 
tions, which  should  have  roused  Chris- 
tendom against  Turkish  oppression  and 
cruelty,  set^m  only  to  have  ended  in 
crushing  the  Christians,  and  in  cement- 
ing tbe  most  tyrannical  and  heartless 
of  all  modern  governments.  SuflTering 
humanity  will  be  grateful  to  Dr.  Layard 
for  bringing  before  tbe  civilised  world 
the  atrocities  of  Turkish  misrule,  and 
the  laurels  which  will  be  awarded  to 
the  philanthropist  will  throw  into  the 
shade  the  honinir^^  bestowed  u[)on  the 
antiquriry. 


6(m 


CALIPORNIAN  AND  AUSTRALIAN  GOLD. 

The  Gold  DiBCoveries  and  their  probable  CoDsequeacea.    By  Patrick  Jatnes  Stirling. 


WE  abftll  probably  not  overrate  the 
importance  of  the  reoent  and  almost 
simultaiieoua  disco veriea  of  gokl  in 
CftUfoniiii  and  Australia  if  we  conclude 
tbflt  these  events  will  constitute  an  era 
in  the  economical  history  of  the  world 
ag  decided  and  &b  influential  as  that  of 
tlie  di,Hcovery  of  America  in  1492. 
From  the  symptoms  already  manifested 
It  is  impoHsible  to  doubt  that  the  present 
epoch  will  be  marked  by  changes  which 
will  give  an  extraordinary  impulse  to 
the  progress  of  intercommunication  and 
coii-setiueutly  of  civilisation  throu^^hout 
the  worhl.  Califl>rriia^  from  a  desert 
waste^  has  already  beoome  a  populous 
state*  Our  Austr.dian  colonies  have 
received  an  enormous  accession  to  their 
population  ;  and  the  wants  of  these  new 
eominunitieia  have  culled  into  existence 
flun  amount  of  commercial  intercourse 
not  less  jistotiiahing  than  the  accounts 
of  the  gold  discoveries  themselves. 

The  effects  of  the  increase  of  the 
precious  metals  upon  property  and 
trade,  llirough  it^  ini^uence  upon  gene- 
ral prices^  niay  be  expected  to  be  as 
important  as  those  caused  in  the  six- 
teenth century  by  the  introduction  of 
the  produce  of  the  American  mines. 
And,  moreover,  the  present  econono Seal 
revolution  seems  likely  to  be  even  more 
rapid  in  its  progress  and  more  decided 
in  its  character  than  its  precursor* 

To  any  one  who  has  at  all  realised 
the  necessary  results  of  these  dis- 
coveries the  genend  apathy  displayed 
by  the  great  majority  even  of  reflecting 
persons  with  resj^ect  to  the  extraordi- 
nary influences  now  at  work  must  ap- 
pear almost  inexplicable.  We  can 
only  account  for  it  on  the  one  hand  by 
the  small  number  of  those  who  have 
taken  the  pains  to  make  themselves 
acquainted  with  the  subject,  and  on 
the  other  by  the  mistaken  views  pro- 
mulgated by  some  writers,  and  adopted 
by  a  portion  of  the  public  press- 
It  will,  we  believe,  not  be  a  loss  of 
time  to  expose  as  shortly  as  jK>S5ib]e 
some  of  the  fallacies  which  have  been 
promulgated  with  reference  to  the  effect 
which  a  large  accession  to  the  amount 
of  gold  in  eirculiitioii  tends  to  produce. 
The  belief  that  the  increased  abund- 
5 


ance  of  the  material  of  money  tnuit 
tend  to  diminish  the  rate  of  interest, 
though  often  exposed  and  refuted  by 

ftolilical  economists,  is  still  very  preva- 
ent,  and  is,  we  believe,  in  spite  of  its 
unsoundness}  so  general  as  to  produce 
in  some  degree  the  effects  which  it 
which  it  wouhl  lead  us  to  expect.  Tbt 
power  of  opinion  is  considernble  in  tbo 
money  market  as  in  other  uiurkets,  and 
it  is  not  imp(^ssible  that  the  rate  of  in- 
terest might  be  higher  than  it  is  at  tlM 
present  moment  were  it  not  supfKMid 
that  the  effect  of  the  continual  in| 
of  the  precious  metals  must  L»e  to  lo 
it  before  long  to  a  very  important  I 
tent.  This  influence  must,  at  all  erent^ 
be  felt  in  transactionti  where  money  U 
lent  for  a  considerable  period*  M  on 
mortgages,  and  will  affect  I  he  prk>os  of 
the  public  and  other  stcxUts  bctrhl^^ 
fixed  interest.  It  hots,  boweveri  I 
effect  on  the  rate  of  interest  for  i 
perio<ls.  This  has  lately  iocreiued 
from  1  per  cent,  on  money  on  raill  lo 
2i,  and  from  H  on  the  be«<t  htlfs  to 
nearly  3  per  cent.  When  it  h  re* 
membered  that  the  impendfng  rjje  of 
prices  from  the  influx  of  yold  tends  to 
render  permanent  annuities  oomfmrm* 
lively  undesirable  as  a  mode  of  Invest- 
ment, there  appears  no  other  fnct  to 
account  f<jr  the  continued  high  prices 
of  the  funds  except  the  opinion  that 
the  rate  of  interest  is  likely  to  be  per* 
manently  much  lower  than  at  preooDi. 

That  this  opinion  is  erroneono  h 
suflSeiently  evident  on  the  slightest  re- 
flection. A  change  in  the  value  of 
inonev  that  affects  capital  and  ioteresl 
equally  can  have  no  tendency  to  alter 
the  relation  between  them ;  nor  in  there 
any  reason  why  an  influx  of  gtddi 
which  may  be  appropriated  as  e^asily 
to  the  payment  of  interest  as  employed 
in  loans,  should  interfere  with  the 
balance  of  supply  and  demand  of  the 
latter. 

Bat  while  the  theory  that  an  in- 
creased supply  of  the  pr^*ioiis  ttiotab 
must  lower  the  rate  of  intereat  hfta^ 
though  unsound^  taken  a  strong  bidA 
on  the  public  mind,  it  is  capable  of  | 
monstration  that  the  reof  influence 
lung  as  the  influx  continues,  la  in  i 


1853.] 


CaUfornian  and  Australian  Gold, 


609 


opposite  direction.  The  upwai-d  ten- 
dency of  prices  in  fill  markets  imparts 
an  unusual  stimulus  to  tipeculationa  in 
comtnotllties,  while  tlio  dedre  lor  in- 
vestmenta  in  landj  Ijousesj  rail w ay s^ 
and  in  all  modes  in  wliicli  the  return 
shall  not  be  limited  to  a  fixed  amount, 
reckoned  in  a  dt^preciating  currency, 
muat  induce  a  more  than  usual  demand 
for  capital.  These  causes  all  tend  to 
raise  the  rate  of  turerest,  and  their 
efl'ect  is  already  traceable  In  that  now 
given  and  received  in  all  transactions 
tor  a  short  period,  and  must  before 
long  become  tjensible  in  the  prices  of 
securities. 

The  amount  of  the  precious  metals 
at  present  existing  in  the  currencies 
of  various  countries  ami  in  hoards  must 
of  course  be  in  a  great  measure  u 
matter  of  speculation.  The  gross 
amount  of  sjiecie  (gold  and  silver)  in 
the  world  has  been  variously  estimated 
at  from  340  to  400  uiil lions  sterling,  and 
by  some  writers  considerably  Li^jher ; 
but  if  we  estimate  it  at  4O0  millions 
we  shall  probably  not  err  to  any  extent 
that  will  materially  aJlect  the  value  ot* 
our  conclusions. 

The  present  annua  I  production  of  gold 
and  silver  is  calculated  at  43,000,000/., 
and,  allowing  for  wear  and  tear,  and 
loss  of  coined  money,  and  the  absorp- 
tion of  a  part  in  niauufacture  and  the 
arty,  Mr.  Stirling  concludes  that  nearly 
35,000,000/.  will  remain  as  a  net  annual 
addition  to  the  circulation.  At  this 
rate  of  increaBe  the  total  amount  will 
be  doubled  In  less  than  twelve  years.* 

If  these  culculations  be  baaed  up<jn 
anything  like  the  truih.  the  result  must 
be  that  in  thut  time  tlie  j*rices  of  all 
commodities  will  be  enbauced  in  the 
aame  proportion,  except  so  fiir  as  this 
tendency  may  be  counteracted  by  causes 
which  of  themselves  would  produce  a 
reduction  of  prices — namely,  the  dimi- 
nution of  cost  which  is  continually 
taking  place  in  cdl  branches  of  pro- 
duction, and  an  increasing  demand  for 
the  circulating  medium  to  carry  on  an 
increasing  trade, — altliough  we  must 


at  the  same  time  remembci"  that  trade 
is  continually  being  conducted  with 
greater  economy  in  the  use  of  the  ma- 
terial of  money. 

But  it  is  stated  that  gold  does  not 
form  the  sole  medium  of  exchange 
even  in  those  countries  (and  our  own 
we  believe  now  stands  almost  alone  in 
this  respect)  in  wliich  it  is  the  legal 
standard.  It  is  asacrtcd  that  we  ought 
to  take  into  account  bank  notes,  exche- 
quer and  other  bills,  bankers*  cheques, 
and  all  such  coutrivaiices  by  which  the 
actual  use  of  gold  is  avt>ided  in  by  far 
the  greater  number  of  business  trans- 
actions ;  that  the  addition  of  20  per 
cent,  to  the  i quantity  t>f  gold  in  exist- 
ence will  add  perhaps  not  2  per  cent, 
to  the  actual  currency ;  and  that  the 
effect  upon  prices  should  be  repre- 
sented by  this  latter  rather  than  the 
former  ratio,  while  the  requirements 
of  increasing  trade  will  in  fact  be  suf- 
ficient to  neutralise  and  absorb  the 
whole.  To  this  wc  reply  that  the  note^i 
and  bills  in  (lueation  have  no  intrinsic 
value,  but  depend  so!ciy  upon  the  value 
of  money — that  is,  as  tkr  as  this  country 
is  concerned,  of  gold;  that  this  artificial 
currency  retjuires  a  certain  amount  of 
gold  as  a  basis,  and,  if  the  amount  of 
gold  be  increased,  is  capable  of  being 
increased  with  it  to  an  indcfmite  ejt- 
tent.  The  theory  we  are  considering 
supposes  that  the  quantity  of  these 
notes,  bills,  and  cheques  will  remain 
the  same,  while  the  quantity  of  gold 
money  is  enormously  increased,  whereas 
it  ts  evident  that  they  will  tend  to  in- 
crease in  the  same  ratio. 

13 ut  there  are  some  theorists  who 
deny  jd(*>gether  the  eO'ect  of  the 
abundance  or  scm-city  of  the  circu- 
lating medium  upon  prices.  To  these 
it  would  seem  almost  unnecessary  to 
reply.  It  would  be  suflQcient  to  refer 
to  the  writings  of  any  political  econo- 
mist for  a  complete  refutation.  But 
would  those  who  ure  disposed  to  take 
this  view  deny  that  the  eflect  of  an 
abundant  harvest  is  to  lower  the  price 
of  bread,  or  that  of  a  scarcity  to  eu- 


*  This  cakuUtion  does  not  diitingtiish  between  the  two  tnetali.  The  exbtiug 
nu&attty  of  gold  nlone  is  sut)posed  to  be  nbout  150,000,0001.  and  its  unaual  pradaction 
32,000^000/.  a  rate  of  tDCreaae  which  would  doable  the  existing  quantity  in  even  a  less 
time.  But  it  ta  impossible  to  estimate  how  much  of  this  may  be  absorbed  by  the 
adoption  of  gold  as  n  convenient  medium  of  circolation  in  countries  where  silver  i$  the 
only  legal  standard.  Wc  can  only  say  that  the  effect  upon  the  single  metal  gold  cannot 
be  less  than  that  on  the  two  metaU  conjointly. 

Gbht.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX.  4  I 


mm^^ 


Californian  and  Amiralian  Gold-, 


610 

bnnce  it?  If  prices  sbould  not  be 
affected,  commerce  could  continiie  to 
be  carried  on  with  the  existing  amount 
of  the  material  of  money,  and  we  must 
Biippose  that  the  holders  of  the  addi- 
tional stock  will  aUow  it  to  remain  idle 
in  their  hsnda.  If  thej  sbotdd  not  be 
content  to  do  so,  their  competition  for 
commodities  must  enhance  prices. 

So  far  as  these  geneml  considera- 
tions are  concerned,  our  views  are 
completely  in  unison  with  thoae  of  Mr. 
Stirling.  But  Mr.  Stirling  promul- 
gates a  novel  and  ingenious  theory 
with  respect  to  the  mode  in  which  the 
enhancement  of  prices  h  produced,  to 
which,  however  ably  he  has  supported 
it,  we  cannot  entirely  assent. 

He  maintains,  that  *'a  potential 
supply  of  gold,  or  in  other  words  a 
permanent  diminution  of  the  cost  of 
production,"  does  of  itseli^  and  with- 
out the  instrumentality  of  an  extended 
currency,  **directly  and  ineUnlaneoiialy 
cause  an  elevation  of  general  prices/' 
This  theory  he  supports  as  well  by  an 
elaborate  analysis  of  the  the  in  jirioes 
which  took  place  in  the  sixteenth  and 
of  the  further  general  rise  which  suc- 
ceeded towards  theend  of  the  eighteenth 
centuries^  as  by  general  arguments 
and  a  reference  to  the  results  already 
seen  in  the  gold  countries  themselves. 

Into  the  theoretical  di^eusi^ion  we 
shall  not  attempt  to  enter  here — it  is 
most  ably  treated  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Mill,  in 
bis  '*  Principles  of  Political  Economy,'** 
and  we  do  not  think  that  Mr.  Stirling 
has  been  able  to  refute  his  positions. 

The  historical  argument  is  open  to 
much  question  on  account  of  the  very 
imperfect  data  to  which  we  have  access, 
especially  in  the  first  century  after  the 
discovery  of  America.     In  those  days 

From  12U2  to  1286,  price 

,♦     1287  n  1338 

,,     1339  ,,  1416 

M     1423  ,,  1451 

„     1453  M  1497 

M     149 J»  ,,  1545 


no  regular  accounts  of  the  ductualioBS 
of  prices  were  preserved,  and  it  is  ontw 
from  the  prices  of  the  single  tbofiigli 
important  article  of  wheat  that  w#  can 
form  any  conclusions  on  the  *abj«et. 
But  we  must  not  forget  that  the  pricet 
of  agricultural  produce  are  subject  to 
very  considerable  Huctuations,  tolaUj 
independent  of  the  value  of  the  cur- 
rency. Indeed,  the  conclusions  to  which 
meteorologists  have  recently  come  as  to 
alternations  of  a  series  of  favourabJe  or 
unfavourable  seasons  recurring  at  lonff 
intervals  should  put  us  on  our  guard 
against  hasty  eonclustons  drawn  eren 
from  averages  taken  through  a  con- 
siderable number  of  years.  It  k 
obvious  that  this  influence  would  tend 
to  give  what  would  otherwise  be  a 
gradual  and  continuous  transition  the 
appearance  of  a  sudden  change. 

Mr,  Stirling's  reasoning  is  alfKi  in 
some  measure  delusive^  mim  hh$  ar- 
guing as  if  the  year  1 492  wu^  the  period 
of  the  commencement  of  the  innax  of 
silver  from  America,  whercsis  the  inra* 
siou  of  Mexico  in  1515,  and  tfao  con- 
quest of  Peru  in  1539,  are  epochs  of 
much  greater  consequence,  Moreovefv 
whiit  his  theory  would  lead  aa  to 
exT)ect  would  be,  that  the  dimtnUhed 
value  of  money  should  untedAte  Ihe 
increase  of  supply;  and  it  gireg  no 
aupport  to  his  case,  but  rather  the  re- 
verae^  to  show  that  the  alleration  m 
the  value  of  monej  did  not  follow  the 
actual  (which  certainly  implies  ix>* 
tential)  increase  for  a  conside 
apace  of  time. 

With  this  caution  let  us  examine  i 
following  table  of  the  average  prie6t| 
wheat,  from  the  beginning  of  the  thto 
tcenth  down  to  the  middle  of  the  stx- 
teeenth  century. 


p«r  quarter,  2/. 

I9f,  Hd, 

M                          1 

18     8 

**                         1 

5    H 

M                            1 

1    H 

If                           f» 

14      I 

„                  0 

14     in 

price 


the  modern  valuer  of  money  for  con- 
venience of  comnarison. 

We  see  here,  tor  the  three  centuries 
preceding  the  discovery  of  America, 
evidence  of  a  constantly  declining 
range  of  prices,  nor  is   it  difficult  to 


account  for  this*  Durii^  that  Deriod 
no  considerable  sources  of  supply  ex* 
isted  from  which  the  constant  aiid  tie* 
ceasarr  waste  of  the  material  of  tuonej 
could  be  replaced ;  and  we  may  bellert 
that,  as  b  »uggeKt4jd  bv  Mr.  M*Cul* 
loch,  the  amount  of  los»  oy  the  firaetiot 


1853.] 


Califbrnian  and  AuMWnlian  Gold* 


fill 


of  concealing  money  and  valuable 
articles  in  ^ose  dangeroui  titues  was 
exceedingly  great*  Besides  this,  it 
would  be  reasonable  to  expect  that  in 
the  period  of  tranquillity  which  fol- 
lowed the  intestine  comuiotions  of  thy 
fifteenth  century  a  fall  of  prices  wouhl 
take  place,  which  would  be  further 
aggravated  by  the  increasing  demand 
for  a  circulating  medium  to  caiTy  on 
an  infant  but  growing  trade.  Nor 
shall  we  be  surprised  to  find  that  this 
process  was  not  immediately  counter- 
acted by  the  firi^t  importations  of 
American  silver.  On  the  contrary,  the 
average  price  of  wheat  fell  during  the 
twelve  years  from  1550  to  1562,  to 
l^s,  lOid.  a  quarter,  and  was  in  the  five 
last  of  these  years  uniform  at  8.**  From 
the  last  date  to  1-571  the  prices  are 
wanting)  but  for  the  four  succeeiling 
years  ilie  average  wa.H  !/.  2*.  2rf,,  and 
it  subsequently  appears  to  have  under- 
gone a  gradual  and  almost  continuous 
rise,  until  it  reached  in  the  ten  years 
ending  1653  the  amount  of  21,  Hn.Md. 

We  confess  that  we  are  at  a  los.^  to 
trace  here  that  sudden  expansion  which 
Mr.  Stirling  is  desirous  of  establishing. 
Our  data  are  unfortunately  most  im- 
perfect in  tlie  pcriorl  (from  15<i2  to 
1583)  in  which  ilr.  Stirling  places  the 
epoch  (1574)  t  fit  which  he  cnneludes 
that  a  sudden  and  marked  effect  was 
produced  ■  but  v?hen  we  remember 
thtit  during  that  interval  an  actual 
increase  took  place  in  the  quantity  of 
the  precious  metals  of  not  nmch'less 
than  ^0  miUions  sterling,  and  that  nearly 
RB  much  more  had  been  procured  dur- 
ing the  thirty  yeans  previous,  we  need 
hardly  have  recourse  to  a  mere  poten- 
tiality of  increase  to  eicplain  the  facts. 

During  the  seventeenth  century  the 
annuiiJ  supply  of  the  precious  metals 
appears  to  have  remained  nearly  con- 
stant at  about  4  millions  Stirling,  and 
towards  the  end  of  this  period  we  may 
fairly  suppose  that  this  amount  diil 
not  more  than  suffice  to  counterpoise 


the  effects  of  waste  and  the  require- 
ments of  a  then  rapidly  increasing 
commerccf  But  in  the  course  of  the 
eighteenth  century  a  marked  increase 
took  place  in  the  supply,  which  in  1750 
was  about  7i  millions,  and  before  1790 
had  exceeded  10  millions  annually. 

We  accordingly  remark  another  rise 
in  general  prices  during  the  latter  half 
of  that  century ;  and  this  rise,  which 
extended  over  a  period  of  aboiit  forty 
years,  may  also  be  readily  accounted 
for  by  the  actual,  without  having  re* 
course  to  the  potential,  increase  in  the 
sup|>ly  of  the  precious  metals. 

The  phenomena  wliich  have  pre- 
sented themselves  in  the  countries  in 
wbioh  gold  has  been  recentljf  disco- 
veretl  present  very  interesting  features, 
tliough  we  still  fail  to  find  suiEcient 
conlirmation  of  ^!r.  Stirling's  theory^ 
It  is  true  that  the  prices  of  commo- 
diiies  generally  have  been  considerably 
aUected  ;  but  when  we  remember  the 
large  remittances  of  siiecie  which  have 
taken  place  to  the  gold  region?,  and 
the  comparatively  small  quantity  of 
bullion  returned,  it  seems  impossible 
to  dou!>t  that  the  expansion  of  the  cir* 
culating  medium  has  been  in  as  large 
a  ratio  as  the  increase  of  prices. 

The  want  of  a  mint  to  convert  the 
gold  into  coin  has  not  prevented  it 
from  performing  to  a  great  extent  the 
fmictiuns  of  money,  though  at  a  lower 
rate  of  valiiation  ;  and  though  caution 
has  been  exercised  by  the  colonial 
banks  in  making  advanees  ujK>n  bullion 
such  advances  have  not  been  entirely 
withheld. 

We  do  not  deny  altogether  that  the 
expectation  of  supplies  of  jold  may 
have  some  effect  upon  prices  in  induc- 
ing an  expanded  eretlit ;  but  ordinary 
commercial  credit  cannot  anticipate 
changes  in  the  value  of  money  at  more 
than  a  very  limited  period.  Debtors 
must  fmd  means  of  meeting  their  en* 
gagements  when  due,  and  should  they 
ukil  in  doing  m  a  collapse  must  oecur. 


*  Commercial  Dictionsry,  art.  Prccioas  Metitls. 

t  It  if  to  the  discovery  of  Pot  on  I  in  I54.*>  that  Mr.  Stirling  attributeg  tbU  sadden 
rise;  but  we  would  remark  thnt  on  his  theory  the  reiuU  should  have  been  praduced 
much  sooner,  and  that  the  low  prices  from  15.51  to  1562  art?  almost  fatal  ta  it. 

I  It  is  staled  that  the  trade  with  ladia  absorbed  constantly  large  qaaa titles  of  silirer, 
which  wtts  there  in  demand  rather  as  nn  article  of  luxury,  and  for  the  accnmulation  of 
those  hoards  which  have  always  been  a  great  object  of  desire  auiong  eastern  pottntitc?, 
than  for  the  purpose  of  circulation.  These  treasures  were  again  in  some  degree  dit- 
gorgtd  towards  the  end  of  the  latt  centary. 


k 


Californian  and  Australian  Gold* 


But  whetlier  ibe  effect  is  to  be  pro* 
duced  by  potential  or  actual  increase 
of  supply  the  same  result  inu^t  soon 
ensue  from  the  enormously  increased 
production  of  the  precious  metals.  This 
increased  production  exists  in  silver 
as  well  as  gold,  though  not  fully  to  the 
same  extent  A  great  stimulus  will  be 
given  to  the  supply  of  silver  by  the 
discovery  of  quicksOvcr  mines  in  Cali- 
fornia, The  mine  of  New  Almadcn 
in  that  state  is  estimated  to  produce 
2,000,000  pounds  of  the  metal  annu- 
ally i  the  value  of  which  would  be  nearly 
250,000^.* 

How  far  the  present  enormous  an- 
nual increase  of  the  precious  metals  is 
likely  to  be  maintained  is  a  matter 
about  which  there  has  been  some  con- 
troversy* It  liijs  been  remarked  that 
in  a.11  instances  hithert^>  known  the 
productiveness  of  gold  fields  has  very 
rapidly  diminished.  The  main  sources 
of  supply  have  generally  been  the  al- 
luvial deposits  of  rivers,  and  this  is  the 
case  at  present  in  botli  Australia  and 
California,  iilthough  the  metal  has  been 
obtained  to  some  extent  from  the  rocks 
in  which  it  was  originally  imbedded, 
It  is  found,  jnoreover,  that  even  in 
these  rocks  the  metallic  deposit  has 
been  richest  near  the  surfiice,  and  that 
it  diminishes  so  rapidly  on  descending 
thai  the  cost  of  obtaining  it  soon  bo- 
comes  too  great  to  be  repaid  by  the 
metal  obtained. 

An  opinion,  gruuiidcil  u]ii>n  these 
facts,  has  been  expressed  l>y  many 
eraincnt^eologists,  nnd  among  others 
by  Sir  ifoderick  Mnrthison,  that  the 
newly-found  gold-fields  must  speedily 
be  exhausted.  It  should,  however,  be 
observed  that  their  superficial  extent 
is  not  yet  aseertaineil,  and  it  is  proba- 
ble, tfiough  this  view  may  be  per- 
fectly correct,  yet  that  for  some  years 
an  increasing,  rather  than  a  dimmish* 
ing,  supply  may  be  expected. 

It  has  Iwen  already  uhewu  that  the 


[^June, 


effect  of  the  present  annual  production 
will  be  to  double  the  amount  available 
for  circulation  in  about  twelve  years, 
and  the  consequence  must  be  that  gene- 
ral prices  will  m  the  course  of  that  time 
be  also  nearly  doubled  if  the  present 
standartl  of  money  be  maintained* 

It  is  not  probable  that  any  change 
in  the  standard  will  be  made.  We  do 
not,  however,  agree  with  those  who 
deny  that  a  change  made  in  nniiclpa- 
tion  of  the  diminished  value  of  the 
present  material  of  money  would  be 
luslifiable.  After  the  depreciatkm 
shall  have  taken  place  such  a  chimge 
would  certainly  be  unjust;  but,  con* 
sidering  that  '  the  principal  reeom* 
mendatlon  of  the  precious  tnel&li»  fts 
the  basis  of  the  currency,  hnj  bm 
their  comparative  stability  of  Trntnei, 
there  would  be  no  manifest  improprietj 
in  adopting  some  other  stand ar<l  not 
liable  to  the  same  fluctuat'  ii4 

such  be  devised*     At  pre  rt 

aware  of  no  single  commoiiiLy  wnich 
would  be  preferable  for  this  tJurpoM ; 
bnt^  while  we  are  fully  sensible  of  the 
caution  requisite  in  dealing  with  thiA 
subject,  we  believe  it  possible  so  to 
regulate  the  issues  of  an  inconvertible 
currency  upon  the  average  price*  of 
several  of  the  principal  conimodjC/af 
(inclusive  of  the  prcciou.'  metuJs)  ms  to 
maintain  the  standard  more  efrecttudi^ 
than  can  be  done  by  adojvttiig  any 
single  common! ity  as  a  ba&is. 

Setting  this,  however,  astcle  as  un* 
likely  to  be  attempted,  it  is  iuiportAiii 
to  examine  what  cUect  Uie  cxpeet^ 
depreciation  of  the  value  ot ;  ill 

liave  on  the  various  clas;sc?  m* 

munity.  This  will  of  coui?tj  sm^  liif* 
ferent  according  as  income^^  are  tised 
in  nominal  amouttt,  or  are  Uabhr  to 
vary  with  the  value  of  money,  while 
there  is  a  class  of  persons  who,  re- 
ceiving a  variable  income,  are  Umble 
to  fixed  nominal  deductions  from  It. 
Those  who  are  in  receipt  uf  lixtd 


*  It  \A  difficult  to  form  an  exact  estimnte  of  tbe  possible  efTects  of  tht«  diicorerr  00 
tbe  prodactioD  of  silver^  The  lo^  of  quicksilver  at  tbe  amalgatnatiou  worki  of  ifaU- 
briicKcet  near  Freyburg,  is  stated  to  be  -95  ounces  to  the  pound  of  silrcri  or  about  %  par 
cent.  If  we  suppose  the  present  annual  proctuctiou  of  ailver  to  be  about  40,OO0r00i 
ponndst  it^  reduction,  if  it  were  all  obtained  by  thii  proceM,  would  coniume  abcntt 
3,200,001)  poimds  of  quicksilver. 

Tbe  present  production  of  tbe  quicksilver  mines  of  Almadea  in  Spain,  Idria  in  Prinli, 
and  Huaneavebca  in  Peru,  amounts  together  to  about  3,000,000  poundt.  And  that  of 
other  mines  about  150^000  pounds!,  befidei  tbe  amount  produced  from  tlir  Chi 
minef. 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Syiifantuf  Urhan^ 


613 


notninal  incomes  raust  autfer  severely 
from  tbe  impending  cliariges ;  and  in 
thia  clftss,  it  should  be  remembered, 
are  included  many  whoso  means  are 
narrowest  and  whose  resources  are 
lew  eat.  There  are  some  perwons  who 
picture  to  themselves  all  fundholders 
aii  wealthy  drones,  whose  loss  would 
be  the  gain  of  the  industrious  com- 
munity, and  who  are  not  aware  to 
what  an  extent  the  national  creditors 
consist  of  widows  and  orphans,  cha- 
ritable institutiong,  and  depositors  in 
savings  banks, — precluded  for  the  most 
part  by  the  very  smallness  of  the 
amount,  or  by  the  dispcisitions  of  set- 
tlements or  wills,  fironi  seeking  other 
and  more  profitable  investment. 

At  the  expense  of  these^  the  mass  of 
the  tuxpajing  community,  those  whose 
weiddi  i;i  invested  in  tradi?  or  eoDsiats 
in  a  capacity  to  labour,  will  be  tbe 
gainers,  and  their  advantage  will  be 
enhanced  by  the  stimulus  which  will 
be  given  to  industry  by  the  opening 
up  of  new  markets  for  trade ^  and  by 
the  relief  which  emigration  will  a  (ford 
to  our  superabundant  population* 


But  the  third  class,  the  wealthy 
debtors,  whose  incomes  will  be  in- 
creased while  their  liabilities  remain 
nominally  the  same,  will  reap  the  chief 
benefit  of  these  changes.  In  this  po- 
sition it  is  the  good  fortune  of  most  of 
the  owners  of  land  to  be  placed,  and 
they  will  probably  thus  obtain  an  ample 
compensation  for  their  lost  monopoly 
of  the  market. 

It  would  be  interesting,  did  our 
space  permit,  to  trace  the  conse- 
quences that  may  be  expected  to 
tnose  interests  whose  monetary  rela- 
tions are  more  complex,  as  for  In- 
stance the  railway  companies  j  and  we 
cannot  help  regretting  that  Mr.  Stir- 
line  has  not  more  fully  treated  thia  di- 
vision of  his  subject.  His  remarks, 
however,  so  far  as  he  has  ti'Cated  it, 
are  just  and  well  considered;  and, 
although  we  are  compelled  to  differ 
from  him  on  some  points,  we  believe 
that  his  book  is  calculated  to  do  good 
service  in  directing  more  generd  at- 
tention to  a  question  of  so  great  prac- 
tical importance  to  all  classes. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN* 

Establishment  uf  the  Cloth -Mmnn&ctuns  At  Kendal  and  at  Torkp  temp.  Edward  [II.— St.  Jamm's  Park 
-Romdand-Qaeen  Joan*«  Wardrotic  near  Aldein>g»to«  and  tbe  PrlnoeV  Wardroto  in  the  Old 
Jewry.  • 


The  CLOTH-MANtFrACTUttE 

Mr.  Urban,  ^ — You  are  entitled  to 
many  thanks  for  the  interesting  paper  in 
your  last  Magaxtne  on  the  '*  AncJent  Com- 
merce of  Westmerl  and /'in  eluding  the  his- 
tory of  the  woollen  manufactures  of  Keodali 
yclept  Kendd  cottons  \  and,  as  the  whole 
subject  13  capahle  of  much  further  ill  nitra- 
tion, 1  now  oiTer  to  your  notice  a  few  ob- 
servattous.  I  engage  with  the  greater 
alacrity  iu  an  endeavour  to  elucidate  the 
early  hiitory  of  the  Kendal  cottons  became 
I  am  juit  now  gleaning  fresh  roateHftlfi  for 
a  new  edition  of  my  "  AnaaU  of  KendiL*' 
The  two  poiatf  of  interett  more  imme- 
diately called  iu  question  ore,  firat,  Whe- 
ther  the  woollen  monufacturcs  were  intro- 
duced into  Kendal  so  eirly  as  Edward 
L  III.?  and  how  Jobo  Kemp  is  identified 

I  therewith  ?    2ndly.  As  to  the  "  milk-white 

^^^eloth''  worn  by  the  Kendal  bow-men  at 
^^^■Flodden  Fieldr  and  the  derivation  thence 
^Hof'*  White  Holh" 

I 


OP  Kkndal,  and  of  York. 

Kemp  la  declared  to  be  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  wooika  manufaotnres ;  and  hy  im- 
plication yon  inquire  how  I  claiui  John 
Kemp  for  Kendal  when  the  Pictorial  His- 
tory of  Englatid,  and  some  other  unthori- 
tie«,  omit  the  mention  of  Kendal  alto^ 
gether  ? 

In  regard  to  John  Kemp  nothing  more 
cati  he  required  than  the  proofs  T  here 
forward  you  in  the  copy  of  the  "  Letter  of 
Protection  ^'  granted  by  King  Edward  III. 
to  John  Kemp,  as  translated  from  Rymer^s 
Foedera,  vol.  ii.  p,  823. 

A.D.  1331,  5  Edw.  Ill, 
On  behalf  of  John  Kempr,  of  Fhndtr^f 

cloth  weaver f  concerning  the  ester ctMe  of 

hU  croft. 

The  king  to  all  baihtTSf  Ulc*  whom  it 
may  concern,  greeting.  Know  ye  that 
whereas  John  Kempeof  Flanders*  weaver 
of  woollen  cloths*  hath  come  to  dwell  within 
our  kingdom  of  England  for  the  purpose 


Correspondence  of  Sylwmfu  Urban. 


614 

of  practising  his  craft  therein,  and  of 
initructing  and  informing  such  at  might 
desire  to  learn  it  of  him,  and  hath  brought 
with  him  certain  men  and  serTants,  and 
apprentices  to  the  said  trade,  we  have 
taken  the  same  John,  and  his  aforesaid 
men,  servants,  and  apprentices,  and  all  his 
goods  and  chattels  whatsoever,  under  our 
protection,  &c.  {according  to  the  tenor  qf 
nmilar  letters  at  far  at  thete  wordt;  vix.) 
for  we  promise  to  cause  similar  letters  of 
protection  to  be  issued  to  other  men  of 
the  same  craft,  and  to  dyers  and  fullers, 
who  wish  to  come  from  parts  beyond  the 
seas  to  dwell  within  the  same  our  king- 
dom for  the  aforesaid  object.  In  witness 
whereof,  &c.  these  letters  arc  to  hold  good 
during  the  King's  pleasure.  Witness  the 
King  at  Lincoln,  the  28ih  day  of  July. 

Next,  as  respects  John  Kemp's  locnt  in 
quo,  I  have  the  authority  of  the  En- 
cyclopsdia  Londinensis  for  stating  that 
John  Kemp  was  established  in  Kendal, 
**  where  (says  that  Cycloptedia,  p.  725) 
his  descendants  still  remain,  and  the 
woollen  trade  is  at  present  carried  on.*' 
Kemp  was  a  family  name  in  Kendal  down 
to  the  present  generation.  Then  it  is  to 
be  observed  that  tradition  has  always  spo- 
ken, with  the  most  confident  tone,  of  John 
Kemp's  connection  with  Kendal,  and  even 
in  cases  where  history  is  wholly  silent 
tradition  is  an  acknowledged  authority. 
For  these  reasons  I  have  not  hesitated  to 
assert  that  the  woollen  manufactures  were 
established  in  Kendal  by  John  Kemp  temp. 
Edward  III.  I  have  not  said  that  there 
were  not  woollen  manufactures  in  the  same 
reign  (I  believe  at  a  later  date  though)  in 
York,*  Halifax,  8cc.,  but  I  challenge  the 
annalists  of  these  and  other  towns  to  set 
up  a  better  claim  to  John  Kemp  than  I 
have  put  forth  in  favour  of  Kendal.  The 
art  of  weaving  might  be  known  and  prac- 
tised, in  a  small  and  rude  way,  before  the 
I3th  century,  in  some  of  the  towns  in 
England ;  but  there  could  be  nothing 
worthy  to  be  dignified  as  n  manufacture 
till  this  period  ;  for  Fuller,  alluding  to 
the  time  of  Edward  III.  says,  **  English- 
men were  then  so  little  instructed  in  the 
art  of  cloth- making,  they  knew  no  more 
what  to  do  with  their  wool  than  the  sheep 
that  wear  it."  (Church  History,  book  iii. 
p.  111.) 

Secondly.  With  regard  to  the  white 
coats  worn  by  the  Kendal  men  at  the 
battle  of  Flodden  Field  :— 


[June^ 


«  The  left-hand  wing,  with  all  hit  roato, 
The  lusty  Lord  Dacre  did  lead  ; 

With  him  the  bowi  of  Kentdale  ttoate, 
With  milk-white  coete  and  crMMt  red." 

Upon  this  stanza  I  had  obaerred,  in  the 
**  Annals  of  Kendal/'  that  it  seemed  to  Be 
not  improbable  that  the  pablic  buildioc 
called  White  Hall,  in  the  town  of  Kendal, 
might  have  been  designated  **  White  Cloth 
Hall  *'  originally,  from  the  manufactare  of 
this  white  cloth,  and  lo  the  name  after- 
wards changed  to  ^  White  Hall/'  Tlui, 
Tou  object,  is  founded  "  upon  a  minppra* 
neniion,  because  the  old  poet  (you  say) 
was  not  describing  a  colour  peculiar  to  the 
manufacture  or  archers  of  Kendal.*'  My 
derivation  is  in  no  wise  grounded  or  da- 
pendent  upon  tlic  white  cloth  beiof 
"  peculiar  to  Kendal."  You  observe  that 
there  were  also  "the  white  coats  of 
London."  So,  I  answer,  there  ia  the 
White  HaU  of  London !  And  wh^f  may 
not  the  original  of  this  have  been  Whitt 
Cloth  Hall,  where  the  white  clotha  for  the 
*'  trained  bands  of  the  City  '*  were  made, 
or  more  likely  only  expoaed  for  aale  ?  Ia 
the  town  of  Leeds  there  are  at  this  day 
two  Cloth  Halls,— a  **  White  Cloth  Hair* 
and  a  "  Coloured  Cloth  Hall,"  which  helps 
materially,  in  my  humble  opinion,  to 
strengthen,  if  not  to  confirm,  my  case. 

Again,  I  observed,  that  these  white 
cloths,  the  Kendal  cottons,  were  spotted 
by  hand  with  colours  red,  bine,  green,  Ac, 
and  that  such  si>ots  might  easily,  by  poetic 
fancy,  be  magnified  into  "crostea  red." 
This  you  incline  to  regard  aa  a  YnUcon- 
ccption,  "  because  white  coats  with  St. 
Cieorge's  cross  were  worn  by  all  the  in- 
fantry  of  our  English  army,**  and  **  every 
bowman  or  soldier  exhibited  only  one 
cross  back  and  front,  displayed  upon  the 
whole  of  his  body."  In  reply,  I  have  to 
observe  that  it  is  not  a  matter  of  contro- 
versy but  a  fact  that  the  early  Kendal 
cottons,  made  for  home  consumption,  wero 
mostly  white,  and  some  were  spotted  red, 
blue,  green,  8ce,  by  the  hand.-f  This 
species  of  manufacture  was  called  ermines, 
or  *'  spotted  cottons."  I  have  an  idea 
(which,  however,  needs  confirmation)  that 
these  *•*  spots  '*  might  be  designed  aa  the 
rude  armorial  bearings  of  the  different 
barons,  fur  the  purpose  of  distingMlahing 
their  respective  retainers,  and  hence,  per* 
ha])s,  a  reason  for  some  being  spottkd  rad, 
some  blue,  some  green.     M>11,  then,  if 


*  In  respect  to  York,  we  append  to  this  communication  an  extract  from  an  EiMj 
by  Mr.  Davies,  the  late  Town  Clerk  of  that  city,  giving  the  most  authentic  informa- 
tion that  could  be  discovered  by  his  well-directed  researches. — Bdii, 

t  Annals  of  Kendal,  p.  203, 


T853.] 


Correspondence  ofSiflvanui  Urhan> 


615 


my  sup  position  is  correct,  these  **  milk* 
white  cloths*'  were  spotted  with  the  local 
or  baroninl  mark.  Oo  the  other  hand 
your  atfttemeot  may  be  correct  tao,  the 
white  ulothii  io  your  case  being  spotted*^ 
with  the  national  mark.  However  this 
may  he^  you  will  hardly  doubt  that  the 
Kendal  men  were  the  wearers  of  the 
"spotted  cottons'' and  the  mBTiufacturera 
of  their  own  wear  at  the  battie  of  Flodden 
Field,  and  that  Is  the  main  point  for  my 
history.         Yours,  &c«, 

CoRNBLIDft  N1CHOI.SOK. 

Tkt  Hilf,  Horntgyt  May  *?3,  1853. 


The  Early  Cioth  Manufacture  at  York. 

(An  extract  from  **Tho  Statiittcs  of 
York,  In  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth 
Centuriea*  by  Robert  Davies,  Escj.  F.S.A/' 
published  in  the  Proceed inga  of  the  York- 
shire Philosophical  Society,  March,  1847.) 

**  The  most  importatit  feature  of  this 
period  is  the  introduction  into  the  City  of 
the  manufacture  of  woollen  cloth.  It  is 
a  well  known  historical  fact,  that  prior  to 
the  early  part  of  the  fourteenth  century 
wool  was  exported  from  England  in  large 
quantiticiS  to  rnrious  places  on  tlie  conti- 
nent of  Europe,  and  especially  to  the 
Netherlands.  Mr,  Frost,  in  his  valuable 
'  Notices  for  the  Early  History  of  Hull,' 
states, t  that  in  little  more  than  two  years 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  reign  of  King 
Edward  1.  upwards  of  10,000/.  was  paid 
for  the  duties  on  wool,  wooifeb,  and  lea- 
ther, ei ported  from  Hull  only.  In  ex- 
change for  their  wool,  the  Engliih  ob- 
tained the  liner  sorts  of  clotb^  and  other 
manufactured  articles,  which  they  were 
unable  to  produce  themselves.  King  Ed- 
ward III,  boring  had  the  opportunity  of 
personally  witnessing  the  vast  advantages 
which  tha  jieople  of  the  continent  derived 
from  their  various  manufoctures,  very 
soon  after  his  accession  to  the  throne  com- 
menced those  efforts  to  introduce  the 
cloth  manufacture  into  this  country  which 
ultimately  proved  soccessfol.  He  laboured 
incesaantly  to  induce  the  cloth-workera 
of  Brmbant  and  other  provinces  of  the 
Netherlands  to  visit  his  dominions,  and 
teacli  tho«re  arts  in  which  they  were  so 
skilful  to  his  less  ingenious  subjects ;  and 
the  city  of  York  appears  to  have  been  a 
peculiar  object  of  the  monarch's   solici- 


tude in  this  respect.  Io  Aogust  1336t  the 
second  year  of  his  reign,  whilst  the  kiagr 
was  at  York,  he  renewed  the  statute  called 
the  charta  mereatorum,t  which  was  espe^ 
daily  designed  for  the  encouragement  of 
foreign  cloth -merchants  to  settle  in  Eng- 
land. In  July  1331  $  he  granted  a  char, 
ter  of  protection  to  John  Kemp  of  Flan- 
ders, *  iejetor  pannorum  laneorum/  autho- 
rising  him  and  hia  servants  ond  appren« 
tices  to  exercise  their  mystery  in  England, 
and  promising  similar  protection  to  all 
others  of  the  same  mystery,  as  well  as 
dyers  and  fullers,  who  would  come  from 
pai'ts  beyond  the  sea  and  settle  in  this 
country.  II  In  December  1336,^  the  king 
granted  letters  of  protection  to  WUlielmut 
dfi  Brabant  and  Hantkintt*  de  Brabant t 
tejT tores  de  pariihi$  Brahantmt  who  had 
already  come  to  England  and  were  at 
York,  o^eium  fuum  ibidem  e^ercentet,** 
The  names  of  these  individuals  do  not 
appear  in  the  York  register^  nor  indeed 
was  it  to  be  expected  that  they  would  ha 
inrolled  as  citizens  of  a  place  which  they 
visited  for  a  temporary  purpose  only.  But 
the  appearance  of  the  following  names  in 
the  register  sufficiently  proves  that  many 
of  the  Netherlauders  and  other  foreigners, 
who  came  to  sojourn  in  the  city,  were  in- 
duced to  become  permanent  members  of 
the  munieipality  i — 

Nicholas  de  Ad  mare  dc  Brabant,  webtter* 
Robertus  de  Paris,  lEtester. 
Benesevyn  de  Florentia, 
Henricus  Morell  de  Flandr*. 
Ricardtis  de  Demelthrotbe  de  Ahnan. 
Michael  de  Newkirk  de  Flandr%  anri- 

faber. 
GosoLinoa  del  Haghe,  Esterling. 
Aroaldos  de  Lakensurchcr. 
Goddeskalk  de  Smithhusen. 
Goddeskalk  Scudik  de  Alman. 
Henricus  de  Oude  de  Malyns  in  Bra- 

banL 
Thomas  Brahan  de  Malyni,  tixtor. 
Laurencius  Conyng  de  Flandr*,  webster. 
Georgius  Fote  de  FUudr',  walker. 
Johannes  Lutyng  de  Holand. 
God^dus  de  Ulenbergh,  webster* 
Godfridus  Overscote  de  Brabant,  mer- 

cator. 

''  tn  1336<7  an  Act  of  Parliament  woe 
pasted  prohibiting  the  use  or  foreign  cloth, 
and  promising  that  *  all  ctothworkers  of 


*  The  **  crosses  of  Saint  George  *'  were  clearly  not  "spotted  "  or  printed  on  the 
coats  of  the  soldiery,  but  formed  of  red  cloth  se:wn  over  the  white. — Edit. 

t  FGBdera,u.  1 10.     Ed.  1816.  %  31st  Edw.  I. 

§  Rymer's  Foedcra,  iv.  496. 

II  It  is  said  that  Kemp  established  himself  at  Kendal,  and  that  bis  deacendanti  itilJ 
remain  there.     1  do  not  know  the  authority  for  this  statement. 

f  10th  Edward  III.  ^*  Rymer's  F^dera,  i?.  ?S3. 


Correspondence  of  Siflvanus  Urban* 


616 


strange  lands »  of  whatsoever  couniiy  they 
be,  which  wil!  come  to  Englaod,  Irdandt 
Wales,  and  Scotland,  shall  come  safely 
&nd  surely,  and  shall  be  in  the  Kiug'is  pro- 
tection and  safe  conduct,  and  have  frao- 
chbes  and  privileges  granted  to  tlicta*'' 
The  public  records  of  bis  reign  contain 
mnch  further  evidence  that  Edward  never 
lost  sight  of  this  important  object. 

"  That  before  tbe  terminEtion  of  this 
reign  the  manufacture  of  woollen  cloth 
was  established  and  extensively  prosecuted 
in  York,  the  regiiater  affords  abundant 
proof.  I>uring  tbc  two  preceding  reigns » 
scarcely  a  trace  i*  discernible  of  any  art 
or  occupation  connected  with  cloth -mak- 
ing. There  were  two  or  three  Saghers/ 
who  were  makers  or  sellers  of  a  coarse 
sort  of  hempen  cloth,  of  which  a  vestige 
remains  in  that  which  is  now  called  Suck- 
ing ;  and  three  or  four  persons  were  ad- 
mitted by  the  description  of  Chnloners^ 
muJcers  of  a  kind  of  woollen  bed-cloth  or 
coverlid  called  Cbnlun  or  Chalonct  Of 
weavers,  dyers,  and  fullers,  not  more  than 
two  or  three  were  admitted,  Ilut  the  reign 
of  Edward  III.  furnishes  a  list  of  about 
170  weavers,  100  dyers,  50  fullers,  and 
above  30  cb alone rs,  with  a  suitable  accom- 
paniment of  scherm  en,  wollepackers,  ta- 
petters,  oardmakerSj  and  other  trades  allied 
to  the  woollen  cluth  m«intifacture,  not  one 
of  which  ia  previously  mentioned.  It  is 
remarkable  that,  during  the  early  part  of 
the  reign,  in  the  register  the  dyer  is  called 
JVne/or  or    Tein(urerj  nod    the   weaver 


£Jujie, 


Te^tor  or  Tutouft  whiUt  tlie  fuller  baa  no 
other  name  than  Fullour  ;  but  soon  tht 
weavers  become  Webstera ;  the  dyers,  Li- 
testers  ;  and  the  fullurSi  Walkers.  TheM 
words — Webster,  litester,  and  walker,  are 
of  Teutonic  origint  and  it  seems  qoita 
natural  that  the  Netherlanders  should  have 
introdnced  their  technical  terms  to  the 
citizens  of  York,  whilst  they  were  im- 
parting to  them  their  skill  iti  the  tnaiiQ- 
facturiog  arts.  The  derivatioQ  of  womm 
of  our  most  common  surnames  may  be 
traced  to  this  source  ; — tbc  %Vcbster»»  tb» 
Listers,  the  Walkers.  Perhaps  the  C ha- 
lo ners  may  be  surprised  to  find  that  their 
name  has  so  ignoble  a  paternity, 

*'  A  pleasing  illnstration  of  tlie  mtaa- 
ing  of  the  term  walker  is  afforit  *  ' 
incident  mentioned  in  Lockh  • 
moirs  of  Sir  Walter  Scott*:^  lo  I.-*  ..-. 
of  a  Voyage  to  the  Hebridea  lu  1814,  >if 
Walter  records,  that  whilst  he  and  his 
party  were  at  Kilmore  in  the  Isle  of  Skj*, 
*in  a  cottage  at  no  great  distance,  vt 
heard  the  women  singing  aa  they  tr^miiwi 
the  cloth  by  ruhbing  it  with  Lbeir  haodt 
and  feet,  and  screaming  all  the  while  io  a 
sort  of  chorus.  At  a  distance  the  sovid 
was  wild  and  sweet  enough,  bnt  ratlMr 
discord tuil  when  you  approached  too  afltf 
Lhe  performers.'  It  seeuis  curious  t4>dit* 
cover  in  this  remote  part  of  the  kiagdott 
the  contmuance  to  this  day  of  the  priaii* 
tivo  method  of  fulling  cloth  as  it  waa  pra^ 
tiscd  in  York  in  the  fourteenth  centurj." 


SAi»fT  J  A  bias's  Park* 


Ma.  Urban,— The  suggestion  of  your 
Correspondent  J.  B,  (in  p.  514)  that  some 
of  the  iUile  pontU  that  e.ttstea  before  the 
re-laying  nut  of  the  park  by  Charles  II. 
might  have  been  the  remains  of  the  water- 
works and  fountains  ordered  by  King 
James  L  to  be  made  for  the  beautifying  of 
St.  James's  Park,  appears  to  me  unfounded. 
In  point  of  fact,  beyond  Mr,  Peter  Cun* 
idngham's  Handbook  of  London  (2nd  cd. 
Load.  185 1 ,  p,  257—^276),  which  I  mnstde- 
precate  being  used  as  an  authority,  every- 
thing that  1  have  seen  illustrative  of  the 
former  state  of  St.  James's  Park  tends  to 
show  that  the  ponds  were  not  "little/"  for 
that  keepers  were  specially  appointed  for 


the  purpose  of  unserving  theac  i>otida  at 
a  stated  salary,  I  believe  I  can  aaf«ly  say 
from  the  formation  thereof,  "'^'  "^'  -  -^  ^ot 
loujj^  previous  to  the  st&t.  -  HL 

'*  An  Act  declanng  the  limit  ug *i 

Palace  of  Westminster,''  and  cirrt^ynh 
after  the  year  lail,  when  the  >ite  of  the 
present  park  was  fully  acqniced  by  '*  Aa 
Act  concerning  an  Exchange  of  La n da  be- 
tween the  King's  Highness  ^■•^  •^«  ',  Hbot 
and  Convent  of  WestmiD^r  il«a. 

Vill.  c.  31.     However,  tbt  _,  «. 

tract  from  the  Patent  Roll  1  Ehx.  p.  :, 
mem»  8,  sbovrs  that  Queen  Elizskbrth  msdc 
such  an  appointment ^  and  that  such  ap- 
pointment was  no  new  one,  for  nllnsiaQ  is 


■  Soffarita,  (Due.)  Sagorum  venditor.     Saffum^  Panni  species. 

f  Shaihon  is  a  name  still  u^ed  for  a  certain  description  of  woollen  stuff,  aatd  to  | 

have  been  ortginally  manufactured  at  Chalons,  a  town  in  the  departmentfof  the  Mama  J 

in  France,  where  at  this  day  a  considerable  trade  is  carried  on  in  these  and 

coarse  stuffs. 

**  And  tn  his  owen  cbambre  hem  made  a  bedde 
W^ith  shetes  and  with  chaiona  faire  y-spredde.^' 

Chaucer.     Reve's  Tale.     Prompt.  Pkr?« 
iiir  p.  t230, 


t  Vol. 
6 


m 


18530 


Correspondenct^  of  Stflvanus  Urban* 


017 


tberem  made  to  the  IasI  occupant  of  the 
office.  The  tenor  of  the  royal  grant  is 
that  she  gave  to  Thomas  BuBsard  *'the 
office  of  Keper  of  our  Ponds  within  our 
parke  at  Westminster  and  at  our  hou^e  of 
Hampton  Court,  with  the  wages  and  fee 
of  ayxc  pence  by  the  daye,  and  twenty -two 
sbiUings  syxe  pewce  yerely  for  \ih  tiverye 
coate,  which  office  and  ffee  one  Ricliard 
Catlj^n  tdte  had,  and  is  presently  in  our 
diaposicion  :  To  have,  holde,  and  enjoje 
the  office  and  flee  aforesaid  to  the  said 
Thomas  Buaaarde,  by  himselfe  or  his  fiuf- 
ficieut  deputy c  or  deputyes  dating  hia 
lyfc." 

That  this  office  did  not  diminish  in  com- 
parative importance  may  be  inferred  from 
the  fact  that  the  keepership  of  the  pouda 
wiihm  the  Park  qf  Westmimier  (for  so 
St  James's  Park  was  at  tbat  time  called*) 
became  a  separate  office,  as  in  tlie  forty- 
first  year  of  tbat  queen *s  reign  one  Lau- 
rence Whitfield  was  appointed  keeper  solely 
of  these  ponda,  which  seem  to  bmve  been 
fed  by  the  watercourses  and  sluices  at  Eye 
(now  Piralico),  a  watery  placet  nod  in  ao- 
dent  times  an  uninhabitable  marsh.  Any 
one  that  would  duly  inform  bimftelf  of  the 
watercourse  in  this  locality  at  the  time 
King  Henry  the  Eighth  first  acquired  the 
possession,  ^^i  Dec.  irj:jOf  can  satisfy  him-' 
aelf  by  perusing  the  c barter  of  feolfment 
of  that  date  from  (he  abbot  and  prior  of 


St.  Peter  Westtnioater,  which  ts  set  forth 
verbatim  in  the  Act  I  have  mentioned 
(Authentic  Edition  of  the  Statutes  of  the 
Realm,  iii.  388),  1  subjoin  a  translution 
of  a  small  portion  of  tlic  parcels  conveyed 
to  the  King  by  the  abbey,  as  tending  to 
show  the  origin  of  the  name  of  Rosamund, 
given  to  a  formerly  well  known  bat  not 
tiith  pond. 

(TrEinslatlon.) 

'*  Aud  also  all  thoie  other  lands  and 
meadows  lying  near  to  and  between  lands 
lately  belonging  to  the  aforesaid  hoapital 
of  Saint  Jame^,  on  the  south  aide  of  the 
same  hospital,  and  so  from  the  aforesaid 
hospital  on  the  sontli  side  of  the  king's 
highway,  extending  towardstbecroaa  called 
Eycrossct  and^  turning  from  the  same 
cross,  extending  towards  the  south  by  the 
king's  highway,  stretching  towards  the 
town  of  Westminater,  up  to  the  stone 
bridge  called  Eybrige,  unti  frona  thence 
along  by  the  aforesaid  king's  highway 
leading  towards  and  to  the  aforesaid  town 
of  Westminster,  up  to  the  south  side  of 
the  land  there  called  Rotamundis.f  and  so 
from  theoce  along  by  the  aforesEiid  south 
side  of  the  aforesaid  land  called  Rcsa- 
mundya  towards  the  east,  io  a  straight  line 
to  land  late  parcel  of  the  aforesaid  great 
meesuttge  or  tenement  called  Petty  Caleis.*' 
Yours,  &c.    T.  E*  T, 

18  May,  185:K 


Mr*  UiiiiAN, — In 
the  Martyrdom  at  St.  A I  ban's  of  George 
Tankerfield,  a.o.  1555^  is  the  foHowiog 
passage  :  — **  The  sheriffs  brought  Geo. 
Tankeriield  to  the  place  where  he  should 
suffer,  which  was  called  R^mfiandt  being 
a  green  place  near  to  the  west  end  of  the 
Abby  Church,"  (Acta  and  Mon.  Ui. 
330.    Edit,  1698). 

This  piece  of  ground,  which  still  retains 
its  name  I  forms  an  irregular  triangle  about 
three  acres  in  cttent,  immediately  adjacent 
to  the  stlU  remiioiDg  gateway  of  the 
monastery.  It  is  boanded  on  the  east 
and  north  sides  by  houses,  some  of  very 
ancient  date,  and  a  mansion  called  Rome- 


RoalKLANP. 

Foxe's  account  of     land  House,  which  ap^icars  to  have  been 


pulled  down  about  a  century  since,  form- 
erly stood  at  its  western  extremity.  It 
retained  its  character  of  a  "green  place  " 
till  about  1040,  when  the  principal  part  of 
it  was  consecrated  as  an  additional  burial 
ground  for  the  parish  of  St.  Alban. 

It  is  remarkable  that  this  Rometand  at 
St.  .Uban^s  bears  the  same  relative  poii- 
tion  to  the  abbey  there,  as  the  Romeland, 
mentioned  in  your  nitmber  for  this  month 
by  Mr.  Corner,  has  to  the  Abbey  of 
Waltham.     Yours,  AiC. 

GERAao  W.  Lydekker. 

Ojrford  and  CamtfHdye  Ctub, 
May  bth,  1853. 


Queen  Joan's  Wahdhobe,  near  Aloersoate,  and  the  Prince's  Warj)EORE, 
IN  T«B  Old  Jewry. 

to  have  been  aware  that  there  was  another 
edilice,  that,  since  Richard  the  Second's 
time,  had  been  called  Queen  Jane's  Ward- 


Me.  Urban, — The  London  antiquary, 
Stowe,  in  his  remarks  upon  Tower  Royal, 
§ult  tit,  Vintry  Word,  in  alluding  to  the 
subsequent  nomenclature  of  the  building 
as  the  Queen's  Wardrobe,  does  not  appear 


robe,  as  having  belonged  to  Joan,^  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  the  First,  King  of  Navarre, 


*  I  find  it  called  St.  James's  Park  in  the  appointment  of  a  keepership  to  the  park  ia 
Pat.  15  Elis.  p.  8.  The  first  appointment  describes  the  office  as  **  Keeper  of  the  New 
Park  at  Westminster.'*     See  Pat.  25  Hen,  Vlll.  p.  1. 

I  t   In  the  same  charter  also  written  RosamundM. 

I  %  Joane  and  Jane  are  one  and  the  same  oame«  and  perhaps  the  present  is  one  of  the 

^^  Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX,  4  K 


Conespondmce  of  Stfhanu.9  Urban, 


BIB 


mieeii  contort  of  Henry  the  Fourth  of 
England  ;  and  that  one  other  edifice^  of  the 
former  use  of  which  some  tradition  appears 
to  have  existed  in  Stowc*s  youthp  had  heen 
called  the  Prince**  Wardrobe,  at  or  very 
near  the  period  he  refers  to,  the  time  of  his 
youth.  It  11  toy  desire  to  add  to  and  sup- 
ply what  has  escaped  the  attention  of  the 
lodefatigfthlc  antiquary  and  chronicler  in 
regard  to  these  two  wardrohe^. 

In  the  firft  place,  what  was  called  Q.ueen 
Jane's  Wardrobe  appears  to  have  been  at 
the  end  of  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Sixth 
and  beginning  of  Edward  the  Fourth's 
reign  **  a  messuage  or  place,  called  dueue 
Jane's  Waidrobe,  near  Aldricbgate,**  or 
Aldersgate,  and  by  this  description  bad 
been  granted  out  by  King  Edward  the 
Fourth  iu  the  first  year  of  his  reign  to  Sir 
John  Fogge,  knight,  for  hia  life,  but  im* 
laediatety  afterwards  the  ojffice  or  care  of 
this  '*  messuage  or  pUce'^  was  given  to  one 
John  Lathell  for  his  life.  The  grant  •  is 
AS  follows  (iranAla(hn),  viz.  : — 

**  For  John  Fogge,  Knt* 
"  The  King,  to  all  whom^&c.  greeting. — 
Wliereas,  of  our  special  gisce,  and  for  the 
goodf  faithful,  and  laudable  service  that 
our  beloved  and  faithful  Sir  John  Fogged 
knight,  affords  us,  and  every  day  ceases 
not  to  bestow,  We  have  granted  to  the  same 
John  the  inesiuagf  or  place  called  Qume 
Jane*9  Wardrobe,  nfgh  Aldrichgate,  Lon- 
doD,  to  have  and  to  hold  the  aforesaid 
mesauage  or  place  to  the  aforenamed  John 
for  the  term  of  his  lifc^  without  rendering 
anything  therefor  to  us  or  our  heirs,  or 
performing  any  other  thing  therefor,  as  in 
our  letters  patent  thtrtof  made  more  fuUy 
doth  apfiear:  We  more  fuUy  confiding  iu 
the  fidelity  of  our  beloved  John  Lathell » 
have  assigned  and  conslitnted  him  the  said 
John  aj^  well  to  oversee  the  aforesaid  mes- 
suage or  place,  as  also  twelve  tenements  to 
the  same  mesBuage  or  place  annexed,  and 
to  collect  and  receive  all  and  singular  the 
rents,  iiisues,  and  sums  of  monies  from 
the  tenements  aforesaid,  coming  and  ac- 
cruing from  the  feost  of  the  Nativity  of  oor 
Lord  last  past ;  and  with  luch  monies  so 
coming  therefrom  to  repair  and  cause  to 
unend  as  well  the  sciesBuage  or  place  afon^ 


[Jutie^ 


said  as  the  tenements  aforeaaid,  lo  ill  tftd 
singular  things  as  to  hioi  shall  seem  neees- 
sary,  and  to  render  account  thereof  to  iw 
at  our  Exchequer  by  his  oBth»  or  by  thtt 
of  hia  sufficient  deputy.  Add  furthermore, 
we  have  granted  to  the  same  Johti  the  oc- 
copation  (i.  e.  office)  of  this  over*eeitig, 
collection,  receipt,  and  amending  of  the 
messuage  or  place  and  tenemeiits  afore« 
said,  to  hold  and  occupy  for  the  t^rm  ol 
hia  life,  to  receive  therefor    »  iii 

wages  two  pence  per  diem  o\\  •  *, 

issues,  und  sums  of  monies  u^m  c»»*u  ku«b 
the  said  messuage  and  tenrments  afareiiid 
coming.  And  moreover  we  wiU,aod  by 
these  presents  do  grant  that  the  s«m« 
John,  in  his  account  to  na  at  our  Etche* 
quer  therefor  to  be  rendered,  ahull  hsve 
from  time  to  time  during  \u^  life  due  allow 
aoce,  as  well  for  whatsoever  tmymenU  fu^ 
such  reparations  and  amendmonit  to  N 
done  upon  the  aforesaid  moaauagie  tad 
tenements,  as  also  for  the  two  prnce  daitf 
for  his  wages,  by  hb  own  oath,  or  that  ii 
his  fuflicient  deputy  in  that  be  half  i  aflf 
stntute,  act,  or  ordinance  made  to  the  coa* 
trary  notwithstandlDg. 

**  In  [witness]  whereof,  &c.  T.  R.  apotf 
Wodostoke,  31°  die  Augusti  [U«l]." 

With  regard  to  the  Frince's  Wardrobai 
Stowe|iru^lii*Cotemsn-«irf'i  t  V\MrJ  •tnibt$ 
as  follows : — **  From  IV  of 

St.  Olttve,to  the  northcjM  \rj^ 

and  from  thence  west  to  xUii  ui*(iU  mud  of 
Ironu)ongers'*Une.  and  frimi  fl>r  mmid 
corner  into  Ironmofigen*-iaoa,  alivoat  tai 
the  purish  church  of  St.  Martin,  wi»  of 
old  time  one  large  baildiug  of  atOQ^,  ircry 
ancient,  made  in  |ili«e  of  Jews'  Uoviata, 
but  of  what  Mntiquity,  or  by  whom  Ihs 
same  was  huiU,  or  for  what  usc«  1  havt 
not  learnt,  more  than  that  l^ing  Hmry 
tbe  Siith,  in  the  sixteenth  year  of  hjyi 
reign,  gave  the  office  of  being  porter  or 
keeper  thereof  unto  John  Stent  for  tana 
of  his  life,  by  the  name  of  his  rtimrifid 
Palace  111  the  Old  Jury  :  this  waa  In  ay 
youth  called  the  Old  Wnrdrope,  bnl  of 
later  time  tlie  outwnrd  stone  wall  balk 
been  by  Uttlc  and  little  taken  down,  and 
divers  fair  houses  built  thereupon,  avaa 
roiLBdaboat.'^ 


earliest  instances  of  tbe  popular  alteration  of  a  Christian  name  that  has  very  loof  1 
deemed  homely.     Camdeo's  remarks  on  this  Christiau  name  are  as  follows  u^- 

*'Jane,  see  Joaui  for  in  33  JE/ir,  RegihiB,  it  was  agreed  by  the  Court  of  tha  Kitif*t 
Bench  to  be  all  ooe  with  Joan.  *  »  •  *  ♦  •  • 

Joflfi,  see  JdAn.    In  latter  years,  some  of  the  better  and  nicer  sort,  misUking  Joan^  have 
molhfied  the  name  of  Joan  into  /awe,  as  it  may  seem,  for  that  Jane  is  nevi-r  found  In  | 
old  records  ;  and,  as  some  will,  never  before  the  time  of  King  //enry  the  Ei^ht .    Tj 
in  like  sort,  some  learned  Johra  and  Han9ۤ  beyond  the  sea  ha? e  new  cli 
selves  by  the  name  of /«»?*«/•— Renisi  lies  concerning  Britain,  7th  ed*  It;       , 

*  Pat.   I   Edwiird  IV.  parte  2*.  mem.  12,  N*.  I2K     **  MeMuagiam  five 
vocat'  Queue  Jane's  Warderobe^juxta  Aldtkbgitc,  l^udon/' 


1853.] 


Corr9$pQni€ne€  ofSjylnemw  Urban 


Upon  p«msal  of  the  record  StOf?e  cites' 
to  my  astunUbinetit  I  found  that  from 
•ome  oversigbt  it  baa  been  bitherto  innc- 
coratelj  iUted.  Tbe  words  of  the  record* 
are  as  foUows  {tnmsluHon),  ?ii.  :— 

**  For  John  Stent  and  Robert  Savage. 

"  The  Kingf  to  all  wbom^&c.  greeting^. — 
Know  ye  that»  whereas  our  beloved  Jobti 
Stent,  having  of  tbe  grant  of  Henry  tbe 
Fourth,  our  trrandfather,  the  office  of 
porter  (jfinitoris)  witbiii  the  Palace  of  the 
Principaiity  m  tbe  Obi  Jewry,  within  our 
city  of  Londont  during  the  life  of  the  iaine 
John,  with  tbe  wagei,  ffees,  perquiaitet, 
and  profita  to  the  lame  office  of  old  due 
and  iccuttomed^  as  in  the  tettera  patent  of 
the  sume,  our  grandfather,  thereof  made 
11  more  fully  contained,  is  desirouf^  of  re- 
delivering thoie  letters  into  the  Chancery, 
to  be  tliere  cancelled  t  to  the  intent  that 
We  may  deign  to  grant  tbe  laid  office  to 
him  and  to  our  beloved  servant  Robert 
Savage  :  We,  in  consideration  of  the  good 
aervicei  that  tbe  aforeaaid  John  and  Robert 
have  afforded  and  shall  hereafter  afford, 
and  alao  for  that  tbe  same  John  has  re* 
delivered  the  aforesaid  letters  to  us  in  our 
Chancery  aforesaid ,  for  the  purpose  afore^ 
said,  to  be  cancelled,  of  our  apecial  grace 
have  granted  to  them  the  said  office  of 
porter  (janitorit)  within  the  Palac4i  of  tbe 
Principality  in  tbe  Old  Jewry,  within  our 
city  of  London,  to  have  and  occupy  by 
Ihem  or  their  sufficient  deputies,  daring 
the  life  of  them  and  the  other  of  thaoi  who 
thill  survive^  with  tbe  wages  of  twopence 
by  the  day,  to  be  psid  by  the  hands  of  our 
Raceiver  of  Cornwall  for  the  time  being, 
with  the  faea,  perquisites,  and  profita  to  the 
aame  of&cfi  of  old  due  and  accuatomedt  so 
tbat  the  said  wages  of  two  penee  be  acrus- 
toioableto  the  eaid  office^  notwithatauding 
that  eapreas  mention  ia  not  made  of  other 
grants  by  u»  or  our  progenitors  to  the 
albreaaid  John  and  Robert  by  theae  pre* 
aents  made.  In  [witness]  whereof,  &a. 
T.  R.  m^xki.  caatrum  auam  de  Ledyt,  xavij* 
dicMardj  [143g]." 

From  this  your  resdera  will  collect  that 
this  building  hnd,  lu  fact,  been  the  Palatial 
residence  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  waa 
known  by  the  name  of  the  Palace  of  the 
Principality  (an  appellation  aa  frei]ueotly 
applied  to  Wales  la  tiie  Bukoirrioi  ia  now, 


or  at  least  very  recently  waa,  to  tbe  eouotf 
palatine  of  Durham),  in  the  time  of  Henry 
the  Fourth,  if  not  iu  more  uncient  timet. 

With  regard  to  its  anbtequent  applica- 
tion and  use,  Stowe  informs  ua  of  tbe  tra- 
ditional name  it  enjoyed  in  hia  youth — The 
Old  Ward  rope.  1  am  able  to  corroborate 
the  antiquary's  youthful  recollections  by 
the  tenor  of  an  inquisition  taken  2H  Oct. 
6lh  Eliz.  [15G3].  after  tbe  decease  of  one 
**  llygb  Pope  of  Londou,**  before  Sir  John 
WhitCt  the  mayor  and  escbeator  for  the 
City.  The  jury  retunied,t  *'  Thut  long 
before  tbe  death  of  tbe  aforesaid  Hugh,  in 
the  said  writ  named,  one  Henry  Austen, 
citizen  and  haberdasher  of  London,  waa 
seised  in  hi^  demesne  as  of  ffee  of  and  in 
all  that  great  messuage,  and  alao  all  edi- 
fices, orchards,  void  groutidi,  and  all  other 
liberties,  privileges,  commodities^  profits, 
easements,  and  hereditaments  whatsoever, 
called  or  known  by  tbe  names  of  the 
Prviee't  Warderolte^  with  their  appurte- 
nances, lying  together,  situate  and  being  in 
the  parish  of  Saint  Okve  in  the  Old  Jtiwry, 
of  the  city  of  London ;  and  so  being 
aeiaed,  by  hi§  writing  bearing  date  the 
22nd  dav  of  July,  in  the  first  and  tecond 
years  of  the  reigns  of  Philip  and  Mary, 
he  gave  and  granted  them  to  Hugh  Pope 
and  Katharine  bis  wife,  und  the  hcira  of  the 
bodies  nt  tbem,  Hujuh  and  Katharine,  law- 
fully begotten,  and  for  default  of  nuch  issue 
remainder  over  to  the  right  heirs  of  him, 
the  said  Hagh,  for  ever,  as  by  his  aforeauid 
writing,  sealed  with  the  seal  of  the  said 
Henry  Austen,  and  to  the  jurors  aforos^iJ 
upon  tbe  taking  of  tbi$  Inqtiiaitiun  shewn, 
more  fully  ii  manifest  and  doth  appear }  by 
virtue  whereof  tbe  aforenamed  Hugh  Pope 
and  Katharine  his  wifis  were  seised  of  the 
aforesaid  great  messuage  and  other  tbe 
premises  in  their  demesne  as  of  ffee  toll  ; 
nud  BO  being  seised  thereof,  the  smd  Hugh 
Pope  died  tbe  second  day  of  September, 
iu  the  fourth  year  of  the  ajforesaid  rctgn  of 
tbe  now  Queen  :  and  tbe  aforesaid  Katha* 
rine  survived  him,  and  so  beld  herself  in, 
in  tbe  prcmiscf ,  by  right  of  survivonhip, 
and  was  and  ia  now  seised  thereof  in  her 
demesne  aa  of  fee  tail,  remainder  over  as 
If  aforeaaid ;  and  the  jurors  upon  their 
oath  aforesaid  further  lay,  that  the  afore- 
said great  meisaage  and  olber  the  pre- 


•  Pat*  16  Henry  VL  parte  7%  N*'.  5,  *'  Offidam  Janltorta  tnft'a  Palatittm  Princi- 
patus  in  Antiquo  Judaismo  infra  civitatem  nVam  London/' 

t  Escaet'  post  mortem  Hugonis  Pope,  6  Kli^'.  London,  N^,  110.  '*  Qui  dtcuut  super 
sacr*m  soum  quod  diu  ante  obitum  predicli  Hugonis  in  d'co  brH  nomiuut*  quidam  Henr* 
Austen,  civb  et  haberdasher  London,  fuit  sebitua  tn  d^vico  suo  ut  de  fcodo  de  et  in 
toto  illo  ma^o  messuagio  ac  omniliui  edificiis,  pnmnriis,  vacuis  fundii^  tt  ornnibua 
aliia  libertatibus,  privilegris,  et  hLreditamentis  quibnscumque,  vooat'  stix  cognit'  per 
Domina  le  PrypiceV  WarUerob<^  cum  suis  [wrtii/  inMmul  jaoen*,  sciCu^it',  et  cJtisiten  in 
paroojiia  S'ci  Olivi  in  le  Olde  Jure  civitatb  London. 


620 


Notes  of  the  Month* 


CJ« 


miaes  are  holden  of  the  said  Latlj  the  now 
QuecD,  her  heirs,  aod  lucceasors,  by  fealty 
only,  and  in  free  burgage  of  the  city  of 
London,  and  not  in  chief*  for  all  renta^ 
services,  and  demands  whatsoever ;  and 
that  they  are  worth  hy  the  year,  in  all 
iisuea  beyond  reprises,  c.  marks/' 


Since  Stowe'g  time  nothmg:  fbrth 
I  trace  or  ooUect.     Your  readers  will  re-  ' 
collect  that  the  King's  Wardrobe  was  in 
the  parish  of  St.  Andrew  Blackfiiarfi  or, 
as  1  have  seen  it  described,    *' Joxta  Bay- 
nard^s  Castle." 

Yours,  &c.  T-  E.  T. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Tl\t  ladustrial  Exhibitioa  at  DabUn—Tbe  Art  Diiioii  of  Loaaon— The  Lti*?riiry  \  Kn\>\  —  H> *ti%  1  > 

Literature— The  Camdeu  Society —Geoffrnphlcal  Society—Foundation  of  liutMiu-    tor   ihe    Hj 
Library  and  PMlowptdcal  Society— Unlvcrrity  of  OsLfcxrd  and  Camhridge— QuetJia  CoiLe^e,  Oork.- 
Racent  Scleatlilc  IMstinctioiis— Annaal  Meeting  of  the  Archajologlcai  Imtitnte—EiltiMdov  af  m 
Fi^anrfcry  CoDectioti. 


The  Induttrial  ExhibiHun  at  Dttblin 
wai  opened  with  great  ^cto^  on  the  li2th  of 
May.  At  the  western  extremity  of  the 
bailding,  immediately  beneath  a  grand 
organ,  built  by  Telfourd  of  Oxford,  chaira 
of  state  were  placed  on  a  raised  cTtfijf,  for 
the  Lord  Lieutenant  and  the  Countess 
St.  German's.  On  his  Excellency's  arrival 
a  procession  was  formed  at  the  entrance, 
the  national  anthem  beimg  played  as  Ibe 
viceregal  party  were  conducted  to  tlie 
pltoe  of  state.  An  address  from  tlie  Com- 
mittee of  the  Exhibition  was  read  by  Mr. 
G,  Rowe,  the  chairman,  and  replied  to  by 
his  Excellency.  The  mayor  next  pre- 
aented  an  address  from  the  Corporation  of 
Dublin,  which  was  aho  replied  to  by  Mb 
Excellency.  Mr.  Bentotii  the  architect, 
was  then  introduced,  and  bunded  a  plan 
of  the  building  to  his  Excellency^  who, 
desiring  him  to  kneel  down^  conferred  on 
hixn  the  honour  of  knighthood,  amid  nni- 
veraal  opplause.  After  a  considerable  time 
spent  in  inspecting  various  productions  in 
the  other  parts  of  the  btfilding,  the  vice- 
regal party  returned  to  their  seats.  His 
Excellency  in  a  loud  voice  iaid,  **  In  tLe 
name  of  Her  Majesty,  I  now  declare  this 
Exhibition  oppn  ;  and  In  so  doing,  I  pray 
Almighty  God  that  he  will  voncliiafe  to 
protect  and  prosper  this  undertaking/' 
The  Lord -Lieutenant  expressed  his  regret 
that  Mr.  Dargan,  whose  patriotic  conduct 
he  warmly  applauJedt  had  decUntd  the 
highest  honour  that  it  was  in  his  power  to 
bestow.  The  Dublin  Exhibition  owes 
everything  to  the  puibtic  spirit  of  this 
gentleman,  who  mude  his  money  as  a  rail- 
way contractor,  and  combines  with  the 
shrewd  energy  and  liberality  of  the  clasB 
to  wbich  be  belougs  a  spirit  comprehen- 
aive  enough  to  undertake  large  pectin iary 
risks  for  the  good  of  Ireland.  He  not 
only  volunteered  to  construct  the  build- 
ing, but  his  advances,  at  first  limited  to 
S?0,000/.  have  at  length  risen  to  a  sum 
little  short  of  80,000^.     The  underlaking 


has  been  entrusted  to  a  cominittee  ooea- 
prising  tlie  highest  and  most  hoDonrabfe 
names  in  Dublin  ;  it  U  in  connexion  wt0i 
the  Royal  Dublin  Society,  and  oo  tbfir 
grounds  Qdjoining  Merrion  Square  tbt 
builditig  stftods.  The  Queeo  haa  tart 
large  cotitributious,  and  the  Preooh,  Dutdu 
and  Prussian  Goverofoents  have  estendcd 
to  it  speciai  marks  of  their  iotefcclJ 
patronage.  Throughout  England  j 
laudable  zeal  has  been  displayed^ 
public  bodies  and  by  individuals, 
entering  the  building  the  visitor  fluds  I 
»elf  in  a  noble  hall,  425  feet  long  by  100 
wide,  and  lOh  feet  high,  being,  exceptiag 
the  height,  somewhat  larger  than  Clie  t/ao- 
sept  of  the  Crystal  Palacif.  The  Ant 
southern  ball  is  divided  into  compartizieiiU 
for  the  foreign  goods,  tbe  most  interMtiiig 
of  which  is  the  East  Indian  coliectiott* 
supplied  hy  the  East  Iiidia  Company,  the 
Asiatic  Society,  Lord  Gough*  and  maaj 
private  individuals;  and  a  very  copiom 
Japanese  department,  supplied  by  tlia 
Dutch  government.  The  second  southern 
hull  is  occupied  by  machinery.  Tiie  first 
northern  hall  is  devotad  to  textile  rabriea. 
and  the  second  to  a  mediaeval  court  wmi 
the  line  arts.  In  paintings  of  all  tlit 
schools  (which  were  absent  in  liyde  Park) 
the  exhibition  is  full  and  well  sustained* 
The  statuary,  of  which  there  ta  a  coa* 
siderablc  quantity,  is  dispersed  tliroQsboicl  \ 
the  building.  These  halla  ar«  :S2S  fm 
long  by  hu  wide.  Along  the  full  leMfti 
of  the  buifding  are  four  galleriea,  0tied 
with  miscellaneous  goods;  and  at  the  r«ar 
of  the  building  is  a  semictrcular  court,  fpr 
the  reception  of  agrictiltural  i40|i 
and  carriages.  The  building  ia  bttQt  oil 
wood,  with  iron  framings,  uuil  |jg1iia4 
from  above  by  skyligbtf.  The  iTimiliM 
colour  of  the  decorations  is  blue^  railapJ 
by  red,  white,  and  yellow. 

The  annual  meeting  of  TA0  .Art  Vmiam 
qf  London  was  held  at  the  Ltf^mm 
Theatre  on  the  26th  Aprils  Lord  Moai* 


1853.] 


fSiesoflhe  Months 


621 


eagle  presiding.  The  aubaeripttons  in 
thiSt  the  sevtnteenth  year  of  the  Society's 
operations^  amounted  to  13,348/.  8*.  ;  of 
which  was  ftet  apEirt  for  pictures  and  other 
prizeB,  8,00  l/,p  for  the  coj^t  of  engravingSf 
2,54B/,  8ir,  Irf.,  for  prmting  and  otber  ei- 
peti^ea,  with  reserve  of  two-and-a-half  per 
cent-,  2J99/.  U,  Md.  A  print  of  Mr. 
Seloua'a  picture  of  '*  The  Surrender  of 
CEtkia,'^  whicb  has  been  for  five  years  in  tbe 
kuinds  of  the  engraver,  Mr.  H.  Rnbiuisoa, 
bcidi  was  due  in  1 850,  b  at  length  finished, 
and  impressions  will  be  distributed  at  the 
earliest  possible  moment*  Impressions  of 
B  ruled  eopravinf/,  *'  Christ  led  to  Cruci- 
tixion,"  will  be  issued  at  the  same  time, 
*'The  Piper,"  after  Mr.  F.  Goodall, 
A.R.A-  is  completed ;  and  "  Richard 
Cceur  de  Lion,"  after  Mr.  Cross,  is  very 
uearly  so.  Each  subscriber  for  the  entiuing 
year  will  receive  UTipressions  of  these  two 
pkteB.  The  Council  have  iu  (heir  bands 
a  finished  plate  by  Mr.  Willmore,  from  the 
picture,  "  Wind  against  Tide :  Tilhory 
Fort,"  by  Mr.  Clarkson  Stam^fit^ld,  R.A. 
the  appropriation  of  which  has  not  yet 
been  determiaed  on.  They  have  also  a 
plate,  by  the  same  engraver,  from  tlic 
picture,  "  A  Water  Party,*'  by  J,  J. 
ChaloQ,  R.A.  Many  of  the  drawitiga  In- 
tended to  form  a  vohime  ilUistralive  of 
**  ChiiiJe  Harold,^*  have  heeo  engraved  j 
and  others  are  in  progress.  A  picture  by 
Mr.  Frith  A.R.A.  '*  Scene  from  the 
Bourgeois  GenUUiomme,"  his  been  placed 
in  Ibe  hands  of  Mn  Maguire,  to  be  pro- 
duced in  lithography.  In  coutinuation  of 
the  medallie  aeries,  Mr.  B.  Wyon  has 
been  commissioned  to  produce  a  medul 
conimemorative  of  Vanbrugb,  the  architect 
of  Blenheim  ;  and  Mr.  Carter,  to  execute 
a  medal  of  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence.  In  the 
department  of  sculpture,  the  coundl, 
auxloLLS^  to  obtain  a  memonol  of  the  lute 
Duke  of  Wellingtun,  ofiered  a  premium  of 
150/.  for  the  best  plaster  model  in  bas- 
relief,  illustrative  of  an  event  in  his 
military  life,  intending  to  U6UQ  an  en- 
graved representation  of  it  to  each  sub- 
scriber. Several  modeb  were  submitted, 
but,  unfortunately,  there  wa^  not  one,  in 
the  terms  of  the  advertiaemeut, sufficiently 
good  to  justify  the  award  of  the  premium. 
The  prizes  allotted  on  the  present  occasion 
wrre  25  works  of  the  value  10/.  each,  20 
of  15/,,  30  of  20/.,  2B  of  25/.,  38  of  40/., 
12  of  mLt  15  of  (JO/.,  12  of  80/.,  5  of 
imt.,  'I  of  150/.,  and  I  of  2Qk)L  To  these 
were  added  5  bronaeD,  "  Satan  Dismayed^" 
10  brontes,  **  Boy  at  a  Stream,*'  30  tazzhs 
io  iron,  riO  Parian  statuettes,  **  Solitude,** 
50 porcelain  statuettes,  "The  Danciug Girl 
Repostng/^  and  500  tmpreasioiis  of  **  Tbe 
CracifixiOQ.'^  The  prize  of  2a0i.  wm 
drawn  by  the  Hon.   F.  Lygoo ;  those  of 


150/.  by  Mr.  B.  Haynes,  of  Ewell,  and  H. 
Wilson,  of  Bury  St,  Edmund's  \  and  those 
of  100/.  by  the  Re?.  IL  Allan,  of  Canon- 
bury,  Mr.  C.  Long,  Euatoii  Square  Station, 
W.  A.  Richmond,  Kensington,  Miss  M. 
Snee,  Islington,  and  W.  Yarrell,  of  Ryder 
Street.  Mr.  Sidaey  Smirkc  drew  a  priac  of 
ao/.,  and  Mr.  D.  Colnaghi  one  of  25/. 

On  the  1 1  th  May  tbe  anniversary  dinner 
of  TAe  Liierarp  Fund  was  celebrated  with 
great  success,  under  the  presidency  of  Mr, 
Disraeli,  who  gave  a  long  and  elaborate 
bi^tory  of  the  institution,  and  vindicated 
in  glowing  terms  the  sound  and  delicate 
principles  upon  which  its  funds  are  admi- 
oiitered.  Among  the  speakers  of  chief 
interest  were  Lord  Stanley,  Professor 
.\ytoun,  and  Mr.  Justice  Haliburton  (Sam 
Slick).  Tbe  receipts  amounted  to  925/ J3». 
the  expenses  to  230/.  9t.  Grf. ;  leaving, 
therefore,  a  balance  in  favour  of  the  fund 
of  695/.  3^.  6rf. 

The  unnivernary  meeting  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Litwraturt  was  held  on  the  27th 
of  April^  The  Earl  of  Carlisle,  as  Pre- 
sident, delivered  his  anntial  address,  in 
which  he  congratulated  tbe  members  of 
the  society  on  its  present  prosperous  state, 
and  on  the  fact  that  while  death  or  resig- 
nation  had  caused  no  vacancy  in  the  Hat  of 
members  during  the  last  year,  a  consi- 
demble  number  uf  new  members  had  been 
elected  during  the  same  period.  He  gave 
an  able  and  rapid  gumniary  of  the  chief 
subjectjj  of  iuterest  which  had  been  brought 
under  the  attention  of  the  society  in  the 
different  papers  which  had  been  read  at 
its  meetings, — ^advertiug  particularly  to 
those  by  Mr.  Watkijss  Lloyd,  Mr.  Fifilay, 
and  Lieut. > Col.  Hamilton,  as  evincing 
peculiar  ability  and  research.  He  then 
alluded  to  raunificent  donations  of  books 
presented  to  the  society  during  the  past 
year  by  H.  M,  tbe  King  of  Prussia  and 
tbe  trustees  of  the  British  Museum  respec- 
tively ;  the  former  of  whom  had  sent  to 
England,  expressly  for  the  use  of  tbe 
society,  a  copy  of  Dr.  Lcpsius's  great 
work  on  the  monumeiils  of  Egypt,  while 
the  latter  had  forwarded  a  complete  set  of 
all  the  works  published  by  them,  includ- 
ing catalogues  of  the  MSS»|  printed  books, 
&c.  with  all  the  volumes,  yet  edited,  of 
the  "  Ancient  Marbles  preserved  iu  the 
British  Museum/'  At  the  conclusion  of 
the  address  tbe  Eurl  of  Carlisle  waa  re- 
elected as  President  for  the  ensuing  year, 
and  the  ballot  was  taken  fnr  the  council 
and  officers. 

The  asiniversary  meeting  of  2 he  Cam- 
df»  Society  was  !>etd  at  the  FreemQAuns' 
Tavem  on  the  2il  of  Mny,  Lord  Bray- 
brooke,  the  President,  iu  the  chair.  The 
following  are  the  publications  of  the 
Society  for  the  year  1852-53 :— 


e-22 


No  tew  of  the  Month, 


QJone^ 


I.  The  Cftmdeu  MiecellaDy,  Volume  the 
Second^  contalmng^ — I.  Account  of  the 
Eipenses  of  John  of  Brubatit,  and  Henry 
aud  ThomftB  of  Lancaster.  1292-3,  edited 
by  J,  Burtt«  esq.  2.  Household  Account 
of  the  Friacess  Elizabeth,  1551-S,  edited 
by  Lord  Viscount  St  rang  ford.  3,  The 
Request  aud  Suite  of  a  True-hearted  Kog- 
liahoaan,  written  bjf  WiUiam  Cholmeley, 
1553,  edited  by  W.  J.  Thorns,  esq.  4. 
Discovery  of  the  Jeeuits'  College  al  Clerk* 
enwell  in  March.  16S7-8,  edited  by  J<  O. 
Nichols,  esq,  5.  Trelawny  Papers,  edited 
by  Wm.  Durrant  Cooper,  esq.  and  6.  Au- 
tobiography of  William  Tuawell,  D.D. 
edited  by  G.  B.  Elliott,  esq. 

IL  Letters  and  Papers  of  the  Verney 
Family  do^n  to  tlie  end  of  the  year  1639. 
Printed  from  the  original  MSS,  in  the 
poBiCBsion  of  Sir  Harry  Verney,  Bart* 
edited  by  John  Bruce,  esq.  Treaa.  S.A, 

II L  Regulpe  Incln&arum  ;  The  An  ore  n 
Rewle ;  A  Treatise  on  the  Rules  and  Du- 
ties of  Monastic  Life,  in  the  xVngla-Saxon 
Dialect  of  the  Tbirteenth  Century  ;  edited 
by  the  Rev.  Jouie*  Morton.  B.D.  Preben- 
dary of  Lincohu     (NfaHy  ready.) 

The  Council  iu  their  Report  give  a  copy 
of  a  memorial  which  they  have  addressed 
to  the  Cooiifiieiiioners  appointed  to  inquire 
into  the  Law  and  JurisdictioD  of  the  Ec- 
clssiBstical  and  other  Courts  in  relation  to 
Matters  Testamentary,  in  furtherance  of 
their  application  heretofore  made  to  the 
Archbishtjp  of  Canterbury  for  the  remis- 
sion of  fees  at  Doctors'  Commons  in 
favobir  of  literary  inquirers.  The  Arch- 
bishop gave  a  courteouti  reply  to  that  ap- 
plication, but  stated  that  he  iiod  no  power 
to  afford  relief.  We  trust  the  present 
step  will  lead  to  more  satisfactory  results. 
The  three  vacancies  in  the  Council  of  the 
Camden  Society  were  filled  by  the  names 
of  Peter  Cunningham,  esq.  F.S.A,  Sir 
Frederick  Madden,  K.IL  and  Sir  Charle« 
G,  Young,  Gsrter, 

At  tlie  anniversary  meeting  of  (he  GeO' 
graphical  Society  on  the  23d  May,  the 
founder's  gold  meda!  was  presented  to 
Mr,  Francis  Gallon,  for  his  eitensive  ex- 
Ijlorations  in  Southern  Africa  \  and  the 
patron* s  gold  medal  to  Commauder  E.  A. 
Inglel^eld,  {l-N.  for  his  late  researches  in 
the  Arctic  regions.  The  President,  Sir 
Roderick  I.  Murchison,  delivered  his  an- 
nual address  on  the  Progress  of  Geogra- 
phical Science  and  Disoovery  during  tlie 
past  year. 

On  the  iTth,  a  high  literary  festival 
was  held  at  Huit,  on  the  ocea^ion  of  hy- 
ing the  foundation  stones  of  q  new  build- 
ing intended  to  accom module  I  he  i*ub- 
*<cription  Library  and  the  Litem ry  and 
Thilosophical  Society.  The  Ewrl  of  Car- 
lisle  performed  ihe  utficfl  on  ibe  part  at 


the  former  institution,  and  Lord  LoodM* 
borough,  the  senior  Grand  Warden  of  the 
Maaons  of  Engbad.   on  the  f>art    of  the 
latter.    The    Subscription    Library    was 
founded  so  long  ago  as  1775  ;  and  in  the 
year  18011   a  new  building  was  provided 
for  it,  but  which  it  has  now  entirely  out* 
grown,  notwithfitanding   the  purchase  of 
three  or  foor  adjoining  houses.     Tha  Li- 
terary and  Philosophical  Society,  dow  in 
the  thirtieth  year  of  its  eiristence,  baa  not 
hitherto  possessed  a  local  habitation  of  its 
own,  but  has  been  a  tenant   of  the  PubUe 
Rooms.      In   conjunctton    with    the   Lt^ 
brary  it  will  now  occupy  a  handsome  tdi- 
fice,   of  which   the    principal     faea4a    ttt 
Albion  Street  will  be   160  feet  in  Irngthr 
of  the    Roman    Corinthian  ra^ 

The    Philosophical   Society  « 

museum,   in   sixe  90   feet  b)    ^^^^;  audi 
theatre  or  lecture-hall,  destined  to  aocon- 
mo  date  from  600  to  TOO   peraona  aiated. 
The  estimated   cost   of  the    ground    anA 
buildings  is,  for  the  Library  5000/.  and  fof 
the   Philosophical   Society    6(my/,      Tlii 
architect    is   Mr.   Cutbbert    Brodrick,  t 
native  of  the  town.     A    pu^'      "  fait 

was  held  upon  the  occasion,  var 

by  Charles  Frost,  esq*   F.S.a     ......  ..cii* 

dent  of  both  societies;  and  it  waa  attended 
by  more  than  430  persons,  iacluding 
ladies.  It  is  expected  the  lecture- rooio  iriU 
be  ready  for  the  reception  of  one  of  ttia 
sections  of  the  BrI     '    '  <  /or  Hm 

Ailvftoccment  of  >  '<^t  fn- 

tentled    meeting  u'  femfeer 

next ;  and  we  uiny  hert  o  haT«j 

been  much  gnitititil  b'  \   of  ikQ 

Address  on  the  jn  '  t^ca  of 

that  visit  to  the  r  ieh  tia* 

delivered  to  the   I  .i  doiHftf  Vf 

Mr.    Frost   upou  ug    of    iht&f 

seeeion  in  NovcmtA  j  ,  .^.. .   li^^  ah 
published,  in  8vo, 

The  Rev.  Ur.  BHas  hariQf  revlgnod^ 
office  of  Hegi«trar  of  tha    VmiPW<9ii% 
O^ord,  the  election  of  hit  ftieodi 
place  on  the  37th  of  April,  and  termij 
in  favour  of  Mr.  Rowden,  the   numll 
being — 

For  Mr.  Rowden,  of  New  College  ,  S$l 
For  Mr.  Cornish,  of  Corpna  Chriati  ,  "M 
For  Mr.  Rawlinson,  of  Eieter  CoUogr  IM 

tis  a  convocalion    '    ^  u  oi 

May,  a  peiiJ-iion   <  ^«a 

granted  to  th^  '  '  ,  .,  i..  ^  urnp^iirra* 

tion  of  hia  -erviecf   dafinf  i 

period  of  m  m        i         jh. 

At  Cambrittyv^  tii«  jN  rtae  hai 

hi^tti  adjudirrd   to  J.  I\  •,    B-4. 

ofTritiiiy  C  .!  ,^ 

befween    tlit  <if 

Scripture.    11*.  .t^t.i ...  luim..  ...r*j  ., 
of  regulattuai  for  th«  tasiitnutio  v 


1853.] 


Notes  qfthfi  Month. 


623 


from  an  endowment  left  by  the  late  Rev, 
William  Cams,  M.A.,  a  Bcnior  Fellow  of 
Trinity  College,  They  are  to  be  called 
'*The  Carua  Greek  Testaiuent  Pri^eti." 
The  Bum  left  by  Mr.  CarutJ  is  SOU/,  in  the 
3  per  Cent.  CddsoIs. 

Lord  Stratford  de  Redcliife  has  pre- 
eeDted  to  the  UniverBlty  of  Cambridge  a 
Bet  of  casts  of  the  Halicarnasaus  Mnrbles 
now  in  the  BritS&h  Museum.  They  are 
placed  iu  the  Fitxwilliam  Museum. 

The  Professorship  of  Geology  in  Queen' 9 
Cotieffe,  Cork,  vacant  by  the  appointment 
of  Profesaoi-  Nicol  to  a  chair  in  Aberdeen, 
has  been  conferred  on  Mr.  R»  B^irkness, 
Professor  Hnrkuess  has  done  much  for 
the  geology  of  the  south  of  Scotltind,  and 
bia  discoTeries  in  tbe  Silurian  districts 
especially  hai?e  placed  Dtim  fries -shire  and 
Gulloway  in  their  true  position  in  the 
geological  field.  The  chair  of  Civil  En- 
gineeriDg  in  the  same  instltutioa,  vacant 
by  the  resignation  of  Professor  LaiMp  has 
been  conferred  on  Mr.  John  England^  of 
Bandon,  nephew  of  the  lute  Dr*  England, 
Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Charleston, 
United  States  of  America, 

Sir  W»  J,  Hooker  has  been  elected  a 
Corresponding  Member  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Copeohiigea,  in 
the  room  of  the  Inte  Professor  Mirb el ; 
aod  his  son*  Dr.  Joseph  ttooker,  has  been 
elected  a  Correip ending  Member  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Munich. 

Sir  tienry  De  la  Beche  has  been  elected 
CQrrespondlng  Member  of  the  Institute 
of  Fr«nc«>  m  the  place  of  M,  Mitacherlich, 
who  has  been  advanced  to  an  Associate 
Foreign  Member. 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Arch^o- 
LOGicAL  Institute  mil  commence  at 
Chichester  on  July  12,  nnder  the  pfltron- 
age  of  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  the  Duke  of 
Hiehmond,  and  the  Bishop  of  the  diocese. 
The  county  of  Sussejc  preteots,  as  shewn 
by  the  snccessiTe  volumes  published  by 
the  local  Society,  a  field  of  copious  and 
varied  interest  to  the  antiquary ;  but  the 
harvest  has  not  been  exhausted.  The 
energy  and  intelligence  with  which  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Sussex  arcbieologists  huve 
been  conducted  has  stimulated  a  more 
general  taste,  probably,  for  the  study  of 
antiquities,  than  ha«  been  developed  in 
any  other  county.  The  cordial  invitation 
of  the  county  Society  has  given  the  Insti- 
tute a  full  assurance  of  fraternal  welcc»me; 
and  the  annual  Sussejt  Meeting  has  been 
filed  for  the  Thursday  in  the  week  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  Institute.  On  that  day 
the  two  Societies  will  he  united  in  the  pro- 
posed visit  to  the  interesting  remains  of 
Boxgrave  Priory,  and  other  attractions  in 
the  vicinity,  and  participate  in  the  festive 
meeting  at  Goodwoodj  with  which  the  day 


will  close.  Professor  Willis  will  give  his 
customary  diiscourse  on  the  Architectural 
History  of  the  CathcdraL  a  structure  re* 
plete  with  striking  features,  and  poiut$  of 
interest  and  instruction  to  the  architectural 
antiquary.  The  ecclesiastical  antiquities 
of  Sussejc  are  numerous,  and  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  of  its  churches — that  of 
Shoreham,  will  supply  an  admirable  sub- 
ject to  Mr,  Sharpe,  The  excursions  com- 
prise Arundel,  Pevensey,  and  the  import- 
ant excavations  recently  carried  out  by 
Mr.  M.  A.  Lower  ;  Bignor  and  its  superb 
Roman  villa,  of  which  the  fine  mosaic 
pavements  will  shortly,  it  is  said,  be  re- 
moved to  the  Briciflh  Museum  ;  and  Lewes, 
with  the  remains  of  its  Priory  and  Castle, 
the  keep  of  which  has  been  very  appropri- 
ately devoted,  by  the  S ua Bet  Archreo logical 
Society,  to  the  purpose  of  a  county  mu- 
seum. The  southern  coast  presents  a  mnl- 
tiplicity  of  objects,  from  the  primeval  hill- 
fortresses  and  tumuli  to  the  picturesque 
mansions  of  the  Tudor  or  Elixabethan 
age,  such  as  Cowdray,  Hersttnonceux,  or 
Wiston. 

An  interesting  exhibition  has  been 
opened  during  the  last  month  at  the  apart' 
ments  of  the  Archseologlcal  Institute,  36, 
Sulfolk  Street,  open  to  the  members,  and 
to  their  friends  by  introduction.  It  con- 
sists of  the  museum,  known  on  the  Conti'^ 
nent  as  the  FijervAry  VoihcHon,  consist- 
ing of  examples  of  ancient  art  and  antiqui- 
ties of  all  periods  and  cotintries.  They 
were  selected  by  an  Hungarian  nobleman, 
who  devoted  many  years  to  this  object 
daring  his  travels.  The  value  and  import- 
ance of  the  varied  treasures  comprised  in 
this  maseum  having  been  strongly  recom- 
mended to  the  notice  of  the  loetitute  by 
the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne,  the  Council 
have  made  arrangements  for  its  exhibition 
during  a  few  weeks  in  the  large  meeting- 
room  of  the  Society,  previously  to  the  re- 
moval of  this  curious  colleclion  to  America, 
A  descriptive  catalogue  has  been  printed, 
and  may  be  obtained  by  those  who  visit 
the  museum  ;  and  a  course  of  lectures  on 
Archseology  and  History  of  Ancient  Art, 
in  illastration  of  the  collection,  is  an- 
nonnced  by  Mr.  Francis  Pulszky,  to  com* 
mence  on  Saturday,  the  11th  of  June,  at 
Willis's  Rooms.  Among  the  subjects  in- 
cluded in  the  sylLibus  of  the  lectures  art 
Egyptian  Art  and  its  History,  the  Mano- 
mcnts  of  Nineveh,  Babylon,  and  Perse* 
polls,  the  Sculpturff  of  the  Hindoos  and 
the  Chinese,  Etruscan  Antiquities,  and 
Remains  of  Greek  and  Roman  Art.  The 
subject  is  one  of  general  interest,  and  Mr. 
Pulszky*s  learning  and  taste  qualify  bim 
for  making  his  course  at  ouce  entertain- 
ing and  instructive. 


Lord  Bacon  and  Sir  Wat(&r  RalHgh^ 
btf  tht  late  ^Ucvey  Nipier,  Biiq*  Svo. 
Cumbridge^  1853. 

Tbia  Tolume  cuutainti  repritiU  of  two 
papers,  one  written  in  18 IB,  imd  publUh- 
ed  in  the  Trausartioua  of  tbe  Royal  So- 
ciety of  Edinburgh*  the  other  publiBhed 
ID  No.  143  of  the  Edinburgh  Review,  of 
wbicb  Mr.  Napier  tvas  tbe  editor  from 
1829  until  his  death  in  1847.  (See  Gent. 
Mag.  N.S.  yol.  xitvii.  436.) 

Mr.  Napier's  purpose  in  the  firitt  paper 
was  to  rescue  tl»e  Hme  of  Lord  Bacon 
from  aspersions  thrown  upou  it  from  two 
very  different  quarters.  The  organ  of  the 
first  of  these  wa«  the  Quarterly  Retiew, 
in  No.  33  of  which  journal  it  was  con* 
tended,  that  Bacoa  was  not  entitled  to  the 
credit  of  setting  forth  more  just  modes  of 
phih>80pbical  inquiry  ;  that  he  did  not,  in 
tln4  respect,  rise  above  the  level  of  hts 
age;  nay,  that  he  even  *' wished  to  em- 
bark philosophy"  in  '*  extravagant  specu- 
lations" which  ^*  had  been  long  abandoned 
bj  sober  inquirers,"  Upon  this  point 
Mr.  Napier  establiBbed  that  "  Bacon's 
gratid  distioction,  coiisidered  as  an  im- 
prover of  physici^j  lies  in  thiSt  that  he  was 
the  first  who  ciem-Iy  and  fully  pointed  oat 
the  rules  and  safeguards  of  right  reasoii- 
iDg  in  physical  inquiries.  ^lany  other 
philosophers,  both  ancient  and  modern, 
bad  referred  fro  observation  and  experi- 
meal  in  a  cursory  way,  as  furniahiiig  the 
materials  of  physicnl  knowledge  i  but  no 
one  before  him  had  attempted  to  system- 
atize the  true  method  of  discovery,  or  to 
prove  thnt  thei«//«c/*W  is  tbe  o«/y  method 
by  which  the  genuine  office  of  philosophy 
can  be  exercised,  and  its  genuine  ends  ac- 
complished/' Bacon  Is  distinguiished  as 
the  tirst  who  taught  '•  the  principles  of 
that  art  by  which  discoveries  are  made.'* 

But  here  arises  an  objector  in  an  op- 
posite qutirter.  Mr.  Macaulay  in  bis 
well-known  Essay  on  Bacon,  publLabed  in 
the  Edinburgh  Review,  No.  53^  asserts 
that  is  an  error  to  say,  that  Bacon's  prio* 
ciple  of  induction  was  a  new  discovery ; 
that  on  the  contrary  it  was  well  known  to 
Aristotle  ;  and  that  all  thai  Bacoa  aimed 
at  and  accoinplisbed  was  *'  to  excite  a  new 
spirit,  and  to  render  observation  and  ex- 
periment the  predominant  character  of 
philosophy,"  Again  Mr.  Napier  is  ia 
tbe  field,  and,  following  in  the  woke  of 
Dugald  Stewart,  who  has  a  chapter  upon 
the  subject  in  the  second  volume  of  his 
Elements  of  the  Philosophy  of  the  Human 
Mind,  and  extending  and  fortifying  Du- 
gald Stewart's  position,  Mr.  Napier  estab- 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS 


lishes,  not  merely,  as  Dugald  Stewart 
donCt  that  there  is  an  cascntial  dilfferei 
between  the  Induction  of  Arintotle  and 
the  induction  of  Bacoo,  but  that  Bacoo, 
in  contradiitiDction  to  Aristotle,  bad  kid 
down  **  rules  for  aiding  and  regulating  t&« 
understanding  in  the  process  of  discofvy 
by  means  of  facts.'' 

Mr,  Napier  follows  up  these  rcmaiiLi  hf 
proving  the  almost  immediate  effect  pf^ 
duced  by  the  application  of  the  "" 

principles  upon  pbilosophtr-"^ rr  oa 

the  continent  as  well   aa   in  u»4 

the  way  in  which  the  great  i  of 

Newton,  Boyle,  and  the  English  rapcri- 
mcntali&ts,  and  the  establishment  of  tbr 
Royal  Society,  naturally  arose  out  of  Lb* 
new  philosophy. 

On  all  these  poitits  Mr,  Napier  did 
good  service  to  on  important  branch  nl 
inquiry,  and  his  Essay  therefurc  well  de- 
served the  honour  of  being  refirtnted* 

The  life  of  Raleigh  was  a  favoyrite  tob^ 
ject  with  Mr.  Napier,  and  his  paper  upoo 
it  contains  an  interesting  and  valuable 
precit  of  all  that  was  known  reapectiag 
Sir  Walter  at  the  time  when  Mr.  Naptcr 
wrote.  Other  facts  have  tincc  httn 
brought  to  light)  and  the  paper  is  there- 
fore iu  some  respects  a  little  behiud  tiie 
present  state  of  our  know  Wge.  but  if  wrIJ 
deserves  careful  coUkideraLiou  by  evtrj 
one  inter^tcd  iu  its  sobject  and  what 
htstorlcal  iutiuirer  is  not/  ll  u  frt«ly 
and  candidly  written,  not  at  all  m  ihat 
style  of  indiscriminate  pan IV  u  it 

WDB  long  the  custom  to  tdiv  the 

character  of  a  man  in  v  rgx- 

iabes  were  almost  as  -  tht 

merits  and  the  misfunuiirs.  *  i  ttuuf li 
unquL-^stionably  possessed,"  remarks  Mr. 
Napier,  **  of  friendly  difpositioua,  kttMily 
affections,  and  much  teaderuesa  of  beart ; 
aud  thoQgb  all  his  opinions  and  feelinn,  n 
expressed  in  his  writings,  were  irtroii^ 
'on  Virtue's  side/*  Raleigh  never  wm  OM* 
sidered  as  a  m^n  whose  conduct  waa  atta- 
dily  regulated  by  either  truth  or  probity. 
Even  where  his  aims  sppearcHl  ^reat  and 
worthy,  they  were  believed  to  h<?  conLaiai* 
imted  by  the  admixture  of  ati  impart 
and  grasping  ambition.  Though  alwayi 
'  gaied  at  as  a  star,^  the  fecUtig^  with 
which  his  path  was  viewed  wer^  gir 
tliose  of  love,  oonfidenoe,  or 


I 


( 


*  Tbe  words  of  the  AtlonMsy^GoMnl  j 

Yelvertou   at  the  mock  judicial 


employed  to  give   a  colour  of  lej^iility 
the  ord«t  for  executing  the  oLd  scuteAc^, 


"rSTi- 


Ajtsm 


1853.]  Mketitemeous  Reviews* 

But  the  grand  and  devout  rlemes^amr  dis- 
played at  his  ezecutioii  made  men  un- 
willing to  dwell  upon  bis  faultst  wiid  threw 
all  unpleasing  recollectioui  into  the  shade^ 
Had  James  heen  a  grcjit  and  magnaniniDQB, 
instead  of  a  mean  uud  pusitlanimous 
prince,  the  name  of  llaleigli^  though  it 
would  have  been  recorded  among  the 
other  conspicuous  cbiiriUJtcrei.  of  his  time, 
would  not  have  descended  ta  us  with  that 
halo  of  literary  and  mortyr-like  glory 
which  still  surrounds  it,  and  will  in  all 
probability  accompany  it  to  a  more  dis- 
tant posterity." 

Papers   of  this   k"  ^   -^  -n  reprinted, 
should  be  edited.     S  .  t  ?iphical  nrj- 

tice  of  Professor  Na^  :  '  '  Jd  linve  been 
prefixed  to  the  volume ;  and  it  ia  ob\i0udy 
calculated  to  mislead,  and  therefore  inju- 
rious to  literature,  to  repablish  ftueh  re- 
marks as  those  by  Frof^sssor  Napier  on 
Raleigh's  then  unpu^  "-^lied  Journal  of  his 
Second  Voyage  to  (  rm,  nnd  liifl  paen- 
phlet  of  "Consider  iis/'  withoat  the 
slightest  hint  or  allu-.M>ri  to  the  frtct  that 
both  these  papers  hnvnf  been  since  pub- 
lished. No  pains  wluitcv^^r  of  this  kmd 
have  been  taken  in  i.\n.  [»re^(!ut  rnlume ; 
even  the  date  of  the  pubhcatiou  of  the 
paper  on  Raleigh,  or  the  nutnbijr  of  the 
Review  in  which  it  appeared,  is  not  stated. 


625 


Wellington,  By  Jule«  ManreL  F^* 
Svo.  pp.  vii,  112. — A  trauAlation,  by  Lord 
Ellesmere,  of  M.  Maurcl's  Es^naj  on  the 
Character,  Actions,  and  Wricioga  of  the 
Duke — his  despatched  hamg  reprded  ai 
writinysy  with  some  latitude  of  menDing. 
M.  Maurel  was  formerly  connected  with 
the  Journal  des  D^bats,  which  in  points  of 
criticism  was  long  tbc  li'jidtng  iiewspaper 
in  Paris.  Political  circumstein<:eB  (w«  be- 
lieve) have  transferred  his  reiidenoe  to 
Brussels,  where  he  \%  "  well  known  in  the 
highest  literary  circles."  Hb  immcdittc 
object  is  to  make  the  character  of  Welling- 
ton better  known  in  France,  and  to  teteh 
the  French  people  ' '  to  bear  the  truth.^* 
(p.  13).  His  ulterior  one,  we  suspect,  it 
to  make  them  profit  fay  for^xier  loi^es,  tind 
turn  their  Cannae  into  i  future  Zama- 
How  much  trouble  M.  Maur«l  b  taking 
is  evident  to  all  who  afe  acqitaiat«d  wit£ 
the  French  accounts  in  general  of  the  late 
war,  which  try  to  hide  defeat,  infiteAd  of 
drawing  a  lesson  from  it.  M.  MilLon^  who 
was  employed  (after  M,  Deliite  dc  Sal^) 
to  continue  the  historical  works  of  Millot, 
mentions  that  the  PiiriMiiin  jouruab  an- 
nounced  the  disaster  of  Waterloo,  by  Bay- 
ing, "  Qu'un  moment  de  terreiar  paaiquti 
avait  priv6  Parm^e  Friin^ttise  d*ua  «v*n> 
tage  certain,  et  avait  eolraint^  aa  perte.'' 
(Hist.  Mod.  iv.  489)-  And  as  Longinus, 
in  the  words  of  Pope, 

Gent.  Mao.  Voi.,  XXXIX. 


Is  himself  the  great  iabUmc  he  draws, 
s^o  hai  M.  Mi  Hon  «JEempli5cd  the  very 
faiiU  he  recordi  \  htp  in  eontinuing  the 
"  Hifltoire  d<T  Fr«iifie/'  he  layi^  '♦  Dans  le 
moment  mt^me  oti  le  illcjc^f  de  la  jourQ^e 
pai:tiksait  Ii5sur6,  soit  par  uue  terreur 
panl^]ui^,  2^0 it  par  dt^  fausgei  mesurest  ou 
quelfju*  autre  cause  eneore  obscure,  tout- 
ik-Goup  les  vainqueurs  ^Ybranknt,  le 
■li^'sordre  et  bientAt  la  plus  horrible  con- 
fuBion  se  re  pan  dent  dans  lea  r^ng% :  on 
fuit  tie  toute4r  parts  <!n  fiots  tumuLtucux, 
et  k  f^ictoire  est  perdue  pour  ks  Frfln9ais,** 
(liL  491).  This  ia  a  very  dose  imitatloo 
of  PbiUttus,  ihe  hittorian  of  tbe  lir&t  Funic 
w£ir,  who  rekteii  that  liiero  and  tlie  Car- 
thage nians  separately  defeated  the  RomaiSfi 
before  Mesi^anu^  «(nd  thm  both  the  vloto- 
riuui  arniie:.4,  bein^  pani^-strieken,  ^h* 
perked  them^ekes;  whioh  the  judidou» 
Polybius  (b.  1.  c.  IS)  treata  m  »o  ^b« 
snrdtty*  Hut  our  own  chroTiicLers  ean 
furnij^h  us  with  sinnllar  in&tanees,  not  very 
long  enpioded,  in  the  victoriea  nnd  8tupeQ~ 
dons  itcU  atirthuted  to  Kiug  Arthur.  Aa 
Mr.  Tamer  remarked,  "  One  fatt  is  enffi- 
eient  to  refute  oil  the  hyper boie^  of  Jeflery, 
.  .  .  .  .  Tht:  Anglo -Saxons  gradually  ad- 
ran  oed  their  conquestj^  with  proj^resaive 
dominion. "  (Hist.  A.  S.  Ist  cd.  i.  236). 
The  language  of  Llywarch,,  *'*  Arthur  did 
not  recede,  and  Gweo^  £l»  he  was  my  eon» 
did  not  retreat'-  {217)|  takes  Uaafale  and 
nol  dish  ou  our  able  grouts  d,  and  justifies 
the  modern  writer,  in  aayiiig,  '-  I  hooour 
the  veracity  of  the  Welch  bards. '^  (1 4B)* 
M^  Maurel  appears  fully  alive  to  the  duty 
of  an  historian,  ^  laid  down  by  Cicero, 
^*Ne  ^uid  falsi  dic^re  audeat,  deinde  nis 
quid  veri  non  audeat.^^  (De  Or  a  tore,  ii. 
1&).  If  h«  ha»  pn«ie  or  twioe  swerved 
ftQm  impartiitltty,  we  shall  not  be  so  hfpcr- 
criiioal  aft  to  exhibit  it.  We  objeot  to  oun 
cipre»sioDt  **  iiie Jonaiicaf  love  of  truth  ** 
(p.  51),  wh«re  entAtmaitie  would  have 
beta  ia  better  t«ite,  and  eijUally  ejpres- 
ttve*  Th«  nobh  translator  hm  added  a 
few  n^tef,  irhitih  will  b«  useful  to  many 
readers. 


The  FouHt&in*  f>f  Briiuh  Hittojy  /?*- 

j^hred,  lirmo.  {LofHfion^  Nichols  &  Sons.) 
-^Tbis  is  a  weiUintentioned  altampt  lo 
sustain  the  character  of  some  early  hiato^ 
rical  documents  which  critics  are  now  be* 
ginning  pretty  geoerally  Co  discredit. 
These  are  chietly  t^e  books  which  go  cinder 
the  titles  of  Nentiius  and  Oildss.  The 
author  hss  so  completely  concealed  him- 
aelf  under  the  cloak  of  the  an&ntfme,  th«t 
we  OAnnot  even  gues4  who  he  is«  and  we 
wiU  only  say  that  he  Is  a  leatoui,  if  not  a 
ancctssMi  champion  for  the  two  writen 
or  psendo^wfiter^  just  named.  He  does 
4  1, 


626 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Jn 


not  deny  that  in  these  hooks  there  are  in- 
consistencies and  various  other  things 
which  cannot  he  reconciled  with  their  au- 
thenticity, but  he  attempte  to  evade  the 
difficulty,  by  cutting  up  the  books  into 
bits,  and  separating  that  which  is  correct 
from  that  which  is,  or  may  be,  otherwise  ; 
or,  in  other  words,  he  rejects  every  pas- 
sage on  which  he  thinks  a  charge  of  non- 
authenticity  can  be  founded,  and  then  he 
takes  up  the  remainder  and  declares  it 
authentic.  This  is  in  all  cases  a  danger- 
ous way  of  proceeding,  and  especially  so 
when  it  all  really  depends,  as  in  the  little 
book  before  us,  on  a  merely  ingenious 
heaping  together  of  suppositions,  possibi- 
lities, and  probabilities.  Our  writer  con- 
tends, as  we  understand  him,  that  the 
Historia  Britonum  ascribed  to  Nennius 
was  written  much  earlier  than  the  time  at 
which  Nennius  was  8up])osed  to  have 
lived,  in  fact,  in  the  age  of  Gildas — that 
the  legend  of  the  colonization  of  Ireland, 
and  that  of  Brutus,  are  the  work  of 
Nennius — and  that  the  legends  of  6er- 
manus  and  St.  Patrick  were  inserted  from 
or  by  some  other  compiler.  There  are 
other  parts,  such  as  certain  chronological 
data  and  a  prologue,  which  have  to  be  si- 
milarly disposed  of. 

We  cannot  but  feel  surprised  in  reading 
over  this  little  book  that  its  author  should 
not  himself  perceive  that  all  his  suggestions 
are  mere  suppositions  of  his  own,  and 
that  they  really  rest  on  no  kind  of  evi- 
dence or  proof.  It  is  very  good  to  say 
**  a  thing  might  have  been  so  and  so,''  or, 
*'  if  we  suppose  so  and  so,  it  would  get 
us  over  the  difficulty,"  or,  **  we  may  per- 
haps account  for  such  a  discrepancy  by 
supposing  so  and  so,"  and  we  don't  know 
but  what,  in  an  insulated  case  without 
any  strong  reasons  of  suspicion,  such  a 
suggestion  might  be  admitted.  But  when 
a  whole  case  has  to  be  supported  by  a 
string  of  such  reasoning,  it  is  manifestly 
undeserving  of  credit,  except  for  the  in- 
genuity with  which  it  is  put  together. 
Even  this  ingenuity  is  here  sometimes  at 
fault,  and,  in  the  defence  of  Gildas  as  well 
as  Nennius,  arguments  are  adduced  which 
can  certainly  only  seem  conclusive  to  the 
person  who  has  used  them.  As  an  illus- 
tration of  this  sort  of  argument,  and  of  a 
custom  our  writer  has  of  too  often  leaving 
the  real  objections  unnoticed  in  order  to 
attack  objoctions  no  one  has  made,  we 
only  need  refer  our  readers  to  his  very 
weak  reasoning  against  the  supposition 
that  the  "  Saxon  shore"  of  Roman  Bri- 
tain was  so  called  because  a  Saxon  popu- 
lation had  been  establisiied,  or  had  esta- 
blished itself,  there.  For  instance,  he  tells 
us  rather  exultingly, — 

*'The  very  authority  from  which  we 


derive  our  information  u  to  the  applioitioB 
of  the  term  **  Saxon  ■hore"  to  a  portion 
of  the  island,  affonU  conclusive  eridence 
against  the  meaning  which  is  sought  to  be 
attached  to  it.  In  the  "  No ti tin  Imperii/' 
we  find  an  officer  described  as  Count  of 
the  Saxon  shore,  under  whose  orders  srs 
placed  the  garrisons  of  a  number  of  forti, 
every  one  of  which  is  situated  within  a 
short  distance  of  the  sea,  for  the  obviou 
purpose  of  protecting  a  favourable  landing 
place  from  the  diseutbarkatioa  of  hostile 
troops.  Now,  if  the  Saxon  shore  had 
really  possessed  a  Saxon  population,  we 
could  have  understood  the  policy  of  erect- 
ing a  chain  of  forts  to  divide  them  front 
the  provincial  Britons,  in  the  same  way  ss 
the  wall  of  Hadrian  was  built  to  protect 
the  latter  from  the  inrosds  of  the  Picti  -, 
but  what  could  he  gained  by  fortifying  the 
sea  coast  from  a  people  who  had  alrasdj 
established  themselves  on  shore?*' 

One  is  rather  in  danger  of  losing  one's 
"  propriety,"  when  called  upon  to  unnrcl 
a  confusion  of  ideas  like  this.  The  wri- 
ter seems  to  imagine  that  the  Saxon  pops- 
lation  on  the  coast  in  question  must  have 
been  a  hostile  population,  and  that  it  had 
obtained  possession  by  force,  which  no- 
body has  been  so  abfurd  as  to  assert,  be- 
cause  he  might  as  well  have  said  that  sll 
the  Roman  legions  were  at  this  time  hostile 
to  Rome,  because  they  were  composed  of 
foreign  soldiers.  The  settlement,  if  any, 
was  no  doubt  a  peacefnl  one — that  mm,  m 
population  which  was  allowed  to  coma 
there,  obeyed  the  Roman  goremment  ss 
subjects,  and  received  its  protection — yoAt 
like  the  Flemings  who  settled  on  the  same 
coasts  some  centuries  later.  There  wouU 
nevertheless  be  naturally  a  aympathy  be- 
tween them  and  the  people  of  their  own 
race  who  were  now  threatening  the  Roman 
province,  and  we  cannot  help  thinking 
that  a  prudent  government  generally 
places  its  strongest  precautions  against  in- 
vasion exactly  in  the  position  where  a  pert 
of  the  population  is  already  disaffected, 
and  might  join  or  encourage  the  iuTsden, 
and  where  the  exposure  to  attack  is  tbe 
greatest.  We  fe^r  our  writer  would  at  sU 
events  make  but  a  poor  military  goveniot 
of  a  colony. 


Suf/gesiions  on  the  Aneieni  Briiams» 
Part  L  800.— The  French  lady  who  re- 
commended lierself  as  a  translator  by 
asserting  that  she  possessed  a  pecoliar 
talent  for  "  traducing,"  must  have  been 
near  akin  to  the  author  of  this  very  learned 
work.  A  little  learning  is  a  dangerons 
thing,  so  says  the  poet ;  and  much  of  it 
may  make  even  a  wise  man  mad.  In  this 
case  before  us,  which  is  one  of  nwcA 
learning,  the  possible  insanity  is  likelf 


1853.] 


Miicellaneoui  Reviews. 


627 


enough  to  fall  on  the  reader.  The  author 
rides  a  Hebrew  hobby  to  death,  and  has 
no  mercy  upon  the  powers  of  those  whom 
he  would  make  journey  with  him.  The 
chaos  is  terrific,  and  a  mass  of  what  is 
really  interesting  and  important  only 
ceases  to  be  so  because  the  writer  does  not 
possess  the  power  of,  or  has  too  much 
enthusiasm  to  care  about,  arranging  his 
immense  mass  of  materials. 


The  Ulster  Journal  of  Arch€Bology. 
Post  4to.  Parts  I.  and  IL  {Published 
Quarterly  at  Belfast,) — The  Antiquaries 
of  the  North  of  Ireland  are  amassing  in  this 
periodical  a  substantial  body  of  very  im- 
portant and  valuable  information  in  il- 
lustration of  the  history,  language,  and 
antiquities  of  their  own  district,  and  of 
Ireland  at  large.  The  subjects  discussed 
in  the  parts  before  us,  after  a  general 
essay  on  the  Archaeology  of  Ulster,  are, — 
the  origin  and  characteristics  of  the  people 
in  the  counties  of  Down  and  Antrim  ;  the 
past  and  present  forms  of  Irish  Surnames; 
the  Ogham  Inscriptions;  the  ancient  Stone 
Crosses  in  Ireland ;  the  Earldom  and  Ba- 
rons of  Ulster;  the  Anglo-Norman  Fa- 
milies of  Lecale  in  the  county  Down  (of 
whom  the  writer  informs  us  that  one  half 
of  the  present  population  of  Lecale  is  their 
direct  posterity,  the  remaining  moiety 
being  of  modem  English,  Scotch,  and 
Irish  descent) ;  the  Metropolitan  Visita- 
tion of  the  Diocese  of  Derry  by  archbishop 
Colton  in  1397  (translated  from  the  ori- 
ginal published  by  the  Irish  Archsological 
Society)  ;  the  history  and  antiquities  of 
the  island  of  Tory;  and  King  William's 
progress  to  the  Boyne.  Besides  these,  we 
have  a  paper  on  the  island  of  lona,  by 
J.  Ilubaod  Smith,  M.R.I.A.  who  appears 
to  have  read  for  the  first  time  correctly  the 
two  grave-stone  inscriptions  which  have 
been  variously  interpreted  by  Pennant  and 
more  recent  antiquaries  down  to  Dr. 
Daniel  Wilson  inclusive.     One  is, 

or*  er  anmin  eogain. 

i.  e.  "  a  prayer  for  the  soul  of  Eogain,  or 
Owen  ;"  and  the  other 

X  or""  do  mail  pataric, 

i.  e.  **  a  prayer  for  Maelpatrick."  In  the 
former  of  these  Mr.  W.  F.  Skene,  in  a 
paper  read  before  the  Society  of  Antiquaries 
so  recently  as  May,  1852,  read  the  third 
word  ••  armin/*  which  he  said  **  means  a 
hero  or  chief,"  but  admitted  in  a  note  that 
it  might  be  read  '*  anmiitj  the  soul,"  and 
that,  "  should  this  ^ord  be  found  in  other 
similar  inscriptions,  it  is  probably  the  best 
reading."  Its  truth  is  now  confirmed  by 
four  other  examples :  two  in  the  cathedral 
at  Lismore, 


bendaehtfor  anmain  tolgen, 
and  bendaehtfor  an*  martan, 
where  bendaeht  means  **  a  blessing;*'  and 
two  in  the  churchyard  of  Killamery,  co* 
Kilkenny, 

or*  er  anmin  aedaen. 
and  or*  eron  mainn  aedain* 

These  inscriptions  clearly  establish  the 
true  reading  of  the  much-controverted  in- 
scription at  lona. 

With  respect  to  the  Ogham  inscriptions, 
a  remarkable  feature  is  pointed  out  by  Mr. 
MacSweeny,  viz,  that  their  characters, 
which  are  formed  by  strokes  or  scores 
drawn  either  above,  below,  across,  or 
obliquely  crossing  a  horizontal  line,  follow 
the  order,  not  of  the  Roman  or  English, 
but  of  the  ancient  Irish  alphabet,  accord- 
mg  to  tbe  Book  of  Leacan  and  Forchem. 
Thus,from  one  to  five  perpendicular  strokes 
above  the  line  stand  for  the  first  five  Irish 
letters — 

12        3        4        5 

B  L  F  8  N 

If  below  the  line,  for 

H  D  T  0  AR 

12        3        4         5 
If  across  the  line,  for 

M        c      NO      SD      a 
12        3        4        5 
and  obliquely  crossing ,  for  the  vowels 
A  o  u  B  I 

12  3  4  5 
With  each  number  of  this  periodical  will 
be  published  a  portion  of  "  The  Annals  of 
Ulster,'*  paged  separately,  In  order  to 
form  hereafter  a  distinct  volume.  These 
annals  commence  with  the  landing  of  the 
missionary  Palladius  in  the  year  431. 

T%e  List  of  the  Queen^s  Scholars  of 
St.  Peter^s  College,  Westminster;  eot- 
lected  by  Joseph  Welch.  A  new  EdUUm^ 
with  very  numerous  additions  relating  to 
persons  educated  at  the  School,  as  wett  a$ 
to  those  on  the  Inundation.  By  an  Old 
King's  Scholar.  Large  %9o,  pp.  630. — 
We  cannot  sufficiently  express  our  admi- 
ration of  the  raluable  stores  of  Important 
biography  which  are  presented  to  us  in 
this  closely  packed  but  unostentatiouf 
volume.  It  can  only  be  compared  to  the 
Athenee  Ozonienses  of  old  Anthony  a 
Wood;  to  which,  however,  so  far  as  iti 
scope  extends,  it  is  now  greatly  superior 
in  interest,  inasmuch  as  it  comes  down  to 
our  own  times.  The  original  oompileri 
Joseph  Welch,  was  for  nearly  forty  yean 
the  assistant  of  Mr.  Ginger,  the  bookseller 
to  Westminster  School.  He  employed 
himself  in  putting  together  the  lists  of  the 
King's  Scholars  of  Westminster,  in  imlt»- 
tion  of  the  Registnun  Ri^e  of  Bton, 


628 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Jime» 


which  was  printed  in  the  year  1774. 
Having  supplied  several  copies  in  manu- 
script to  those  who  were  desirous  to  pos- 
sess them,  he  was  encouraged  in  1778  to 
print  his  collection ;  copies  of  which, 
'taken  upon  writing  paper,  he  continued 
for  many  years  after  to  supply  with  manu- 
script supplements,  and  in  that  state  the 
hook  is  generally  found,  the  MS.  notes 
having  frequently  tempted  the  owners  to 
add  something  more,  of  greater  or  less 
value.  Still,  during  the  seventy-five  years 
which  have  since  elapsed,  no  second  edition 
has  hitherto  appeared  in  print.  It  is  now 
accomplished  in  the  most  satisfactory 
manner.  The  Editor,  whose  name  is 
modestly  concealed,  hut  which  ought  in 
justice  to  be  made  known,*  apologizes  for 
the  length  of  time  which  he  has  devoted 
to  the  task,  but  that  is  indeed  one  of  his 
greatest  claims  upon  the  gratitude  of  the 
School  and  the  public,  for  such  a  labour 
must  necessarily  have  been  the  work  of 
years.  In  the  result,  a  dry  list  of  names 
and  dates  has  been  converted  into  a  book 
of  the  most  interesting  reading :  whilst  at 
the  same  time  nothing  is  overdone.  The 
biographical  details  are  always  concise, 
and  they  are  enlarged  only  in  those  por- 
tions which  really  concern  the  history  of 
the  School :  concluding  in  every  case  with 
references  to  authorities,  which  at  once 
confirm  the  particulars  given,  and  also 
lead  to  the  sources  of  further  information 
when  it  may  be  required.  But  we  will 
describe  the  Editor's  plan  in  his  own 
words:  "He  has  deemed  it  useful  to 
mention,  wherever  the  fact  could  be  easily 
ascertained,  the  parentage,  connections, 
birth-place,  and  place  of  sepulture  of  the 
Scholars  noticed,  as  well  as  any  incidents 
particularly  bearing  upon  their  career  at 
the  School  or  at  the  University,  partly 
oecause  these  incidents  were  often  very 
instrumental  in  enabling  him  to  reconcile 
dates  and  identify  persons,  and  partly  be- 
cause it  seemed  desirable  to  produce  any 
evidence  which  tended  to  show  the  variety 
of  classes  whence  the  Scholars  were  taken, 
and  that  the  education  of  the  School  had 
been  turned  to  a  good  employment  in 
after-life;  and  for  tliis  reason  he  has 
endeavoured  to  record  any  publications,  or 
literary  attainments,  by  which  the  Scholars 
may  have  been  distinguished."  With  the 
further  object  of  showing  how  much  **  Old- 
Westminsters  "  have  clung  with  affection 

•  We  learn  that  he  is  Mr.  Charles  Bagot 
Phillimore,  now  a  clerk  in  the  Board  of 
Control,  a  younger  son  of  Dr.  Phillimore, 
her  Majesty's  Advocate,  who  was  himself 
a  King's  Scholar  at  Westminster,  and  has 
sent  his  six  sons  for  education  there,  of 
whom  two  have  been  on  the  foundation* 


to  the  place  of  their  edacationy  and  in  boir 
many  cases  fiamilies  have  been  educated  at 
the  School  for  several  generations,  tke 
Editor  has  introduced  notices  of  such 
Oppidami  or  Town-boys  as  have  been  ooa- 
nected  by  relationship  to  tbe  King's 
scholars ;  and  it  is  most  interestingi  in 
this  way,  to  trace  the  Finchs,  tbe  Pagets, 
the  Bagots,  the  Dolbens,  the  MarkbamSf 
the  Vemons,  the  Madans,  the  Good- 
enoughs,  the  Phillimores,  the  Wrotteslejs, 
the  Wynnes,  and  many  more  wbose  names 
will  be  familiar  to  all  who  have  known 
the  School.  Those  eminent  men  (such  as 
the  poet  Cowper)  of  whose  names  the 
School  has  just  cause  to  be  proud,  thongh 
they  were  not  on  the  foundation,  are  also 
introduced.  The  catalogue  of  Westminster 
stars  of  the  first  magnitude  would  not  be 
a  short  one.  It  was  the  school  of  Locke, 
of  Warren  Hastings,  and  Lord  Mansfield; 
among  the  poets,  of  Ben  Jonson,  Geoige 
Herbert,  Cartwright,  Cowley,  Drydea, 
Prior,  Rowe,  Dyer,  Dr.  Nicholas  Brady, 
Churchill,  Cowper,  and,  Weatminster'i 
peculiar  pride,  Vinny  Bourne ;  also  among 
the  dramatists  of  Colman,  Cumberland, 
and  Bonnell  Thornton.  Among  the  pre- 
lates of  the  church  it  had  many  in  tbe 
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries,  in- 
cluding Corbet,  Duppa,  and  Morley;  and 
in  later  times  South,  Atterbury,  Smal- 
ridge,  Hinchliffe,  Markbam,  Randolph, 
&c. ;  and  of  those  still  living.  Short  and 
Longley.  The  famous  Dr.  Busby  it  said 
to  have  educated  sixteen  persons  who  were 
all  bishops  at  the  same  time.  Of  all  theact 
of  all  the  Deans  of  Christ  Charch  from  Ita 
foundation,  the  contemporary  Deana  of 
Westminster,  the  Masters  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  the  Head  and  Second 
Masters  of  the  School,  of  lawyers,  pbiloao- 
phers,  and  physicians,  whom  we  have  not 
time  or  space  to  enumerate,  and  other 
persons  of  more  or  less  interest,  amount- 
ing in  all  to  many  hundreds,  biographical 
notices  are  here  accumulated.  We  may 
remark  that  in  the  autobiography  of  Dr. 
Taswell,  recently  published  in  tbe  second 
volume  of  the  Camden  Miscellany,  there 
is  given  a  remarkable  account  of  the  Weat- 
minster  election  of  the  year  1670,  and 
some  other  interesting  anecdotes  of  the 
School. 


A  Giouary  of  the  Provincialisms  in  mm 
in  the  County  qf  Susses,  By  William 
Durrant  Cooper,  F,8JL,  1  tfino.— The 
provincialisms  of  Sussex  were  among  the 
first  which  attracted  the  attention  of 
philologists  ;  for  Ray's  <'  Collection  of 
English  Words  not  generally  U9ed"  was 
compiled  at  the  instance  of  Peter  Court- 
hope,  esq.  of  Danny  in  Sussex,  to  whom 
it  is  dedicated.    Mr.  Durrant  Coopar  hat 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


629 


previously  printed  the  present  glossary,  for 
private  circulation,  in  the  year  1834.  It 
now  comes  forth  with  manifold  improve- 
ments, the  author  having  fully  availed 
himself  of  the  works  of  Mr.  Kemble  and 
Dr.  L^o.  of  the  general  Dictionaries  of 
Provincial  Words  by  Mr.  HalUwell  and 
Mr.  HoUoway,  and  of  the  collections  of 
the  Sussex  Archaeological  Society.  There 
are  two  dialects  used  in  Sussex — the 
Eastern  and  the  Western.  ITie  former 
bears  a  close  resemblance  to  the  dialect  of 
the  weald  of  Kent,  while  the  latter  is 
nearly  allied  to  the  phraseology  of  Hamp- 
shire, Dorset,  and  other  Western  counties. 
Both  dialects  possess  a  striking  affinity  to 
the  Saxon.  Some  few  peculiar  words 
appear  to  have  been  gathered  fronl  the 
opposite  coast  of  France;  whilst  the  fisher- 
men of  Hastings,  who  had  formerly  fre- 
quent communication  with  the  Danes  of 
Yarmouth  and  the  Norfolk  coast,  are  still 
distinguished  from  the  generality  of  their 
townsmen  by  peculiarities  which  can  be 
traced  to  a  Danish  source.  Mr.  Durrant 
Cooper  has  prefixed  to  his  Glossary  some 
interesting  tables  of  the  local  nomencla- 
ture of  Sussex,  showing  how  many  villages 
still  retain  the  patronymics  of  their  ancient 
settlers,  how  others  are  derived  wholly  or 
in  part  from  a  definition  of  the  locality  in 
the  Saxon  language,  whilst  a  very  few 
retain  purely  British  or  Celtic  words.  In 
this  part  of  his  work  he  follows  in  the 
■teps  of  Mr.  Kemble  and  Professor  L^o, 
whose  researches  on  this  subject  we 
noticed  in  our  last  month's  review,  p.  521. 


A  Popular  Account  of  the  Priory  qf 
Llanthony,  near  Gloucester ;  with  Noticet 
of  its  original  foundation  in  Wales,  and 
suUequent  removal  to  England;  also 
additional  notices  of  Contemporaneous 
Buildinys  in  Gloucester,  and  Introductory 
Remarks  on  the  Monastic  System,  By 
John  Clarke,  Architect.  Royal  Svo, — 
This  work  is  a  sequel  to  the  **  Architec- 
tural History  of  Gloucester,"  by  the  same 
gentleman  which  we  had  the  pleasure  to 
notice  in  our  Magazine  for  December  last. 
Llanthouy  Abbey  in  Monmouthshire  is 
still  a  fine  ecclesiastical  ruin  ;  but  of  its 
daughter  or  successor  near  Gloucester 
there  are  but  small  remains.  The  church 
has  wholly  disappeared.  The  most  strik- 
ing existing  feature  is  a  stone  barn,  mea- 
suring l(i5  feet  by  33;  there  is  also  a 
handsome  entrance  gateway ;  and  some  of 
the  domestic  buildings  of  the  monastery 
are  still  standing.  The  Berkeley  Canid 
was  cut  through  the  site ;  and  its  recent 
enlargement  attracted  the  attention  of  Mr. 
Clarke  to  the  spot,  when  he  took  note 
of  a  variety  of  interesting  relics.  From 
these  materials,  and  from  the   historic 


records  of  this  and  other  monastic  edifices 
of  Gloucester,  Mr.  Clarke  has  formed  a 
very  pleasant  book,  which  will  be  welcome, 
we  are  sure,  to  all  the  intelligent  inha- 
bitants and  visitors  of  Gloucester. 


A  history  of  Cheltenham,  from  the 
Earliest  Period  to  the  Present  Time.  By 
John  Goding.  l2mo.  —  A  compact  and 
well-filled  manual  of  the  progress  of  Chel- 
tenham, a  place  of  public  resort,  which, 
after  some  depression,  is  again  rising  in  es- 
timation. Including  the  populous  suburbs 
of  Charlton  and  Leckbampton,  it  is  now 
occupied  by  40,000  inhabitants;  though 
when  King  George  III.  visited  the  springs 
in  1788  the  number  of  lodging  houses  did 
not  exceed  thirty,  and  the  entire  hundred 
contained  but  300  habitations.  We  find 
it  further  remarked,  that  **  Fifty  years  ago 
there  was  only  one  resident  physician  in 
Cheltenham,  the  celebrated  Dr.  Jenner, 
and  but  one  dispensing  chemist.  There 
•re  now  eighty  medicid  men,  and  thirty 
chemists  and  druggists"  (pp.  40,  41.) 

Sacred  Symbology;  or  an  Inquiry  In/o 
the  Principles  qf  Interpretation  ^f  the 
Prophetic  Symbols.  With  Explanatory 
Observatione  on  the  Symbolic  Figures  and 
Exhibitions  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures 
generally.  By  John  Mills,  pp.  S96. — 
We  have  read  this  work  with  pleasure  and 
profit.  We  are  disposed,  however,  to  take 
an  objection  in  limine  to  Mr.  Mills's 
opening  proposition,  which  is  also  hit 
principle  of  exegesis,  viz.  that ''  any  word 
in  each  particiUar  period  of  its  history 
may  be  considered  as  having,  generally, 
one  only  radical  signification;  and  while 
such  word  may  be  variously  applied,  its 
radical  or  leading  idea  will  be  found  in 
each  application — the  ex&t  meaning  being 
determined  by  the  scope  or  connection 
of  the  passage."  All  our  examination  of 
scripture  goes  to  satisfy  as  that  it  ia 
rarely  or  never  the  radical  signification, 
but  the  acceptation,  that  most  be  asoer* 
tained.  The  interpreter  must  get  at  the 
meaning  or  **  acceptation  "  of  the  word  at 
the  date  and  in  the  sphere  of  the  writer, 
and  from  that  build  up  his  exegesis ;  by 
no  means  assuming  that  the  later  prophets 
(for  example)  of  necessity  used  the  word 
occurring  in  the  earlier  prophets,  or  in  the 
historical  books,  in  the  **  radical  significa- 
tion," either  directly  or  underlying.  This 
proposition  however  does  not  to  any  ex- 
tent vitiate  the  particular  **  explanations." 
Each  *'  symbol "  is  treated  within  its  own 
context  and  parallels.  We  have  pleasore 
in  commending  the  book  as  ingeniooSf 
sober,  and  nsefol,  especially  to  students, 
who  will  find  in  it  materials  gleaned  fh)m 
wide  and  expansive  soarces,  ss  wdl  honit 


630 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


tJn: 


as  continental  In  a  second  edition  we 
should  desire  additional  elucidations  from 
Hogstenberg  (on  Egypt)  and  from  Layard, 
as  well  as  from  the  many  illustrious  hiero- 
glyphists  of  England  and  France.  The 
subject  of  "symbology"  is  confessedly 
one  of  the  most  difficult  in  the  whole  com- 
pass of  biblical  exegesis ;  and  the  great 
merit  of  Mr.  Mills's  volume  we  take  to  be 
that  under  each  "  symbol "  (from  Abaddon 
to  Woman)  explained,  the  various  passages 
or  texts  are  adduced  upon  which  the  ex- 
egesis of  each  particular  symbol  is  based, 
so  that  the  student  is  enabled  to  refer  to 
them  for  himself,  nnd  so  arrive  at  a  correct 
judgment  as  to  the  truth  of  what  is  sub- 
mitted, apart  from  all  *' propositions." 


master  is  the  clerffyman^  right  hud. 
raises  the  tone  of  a  whole  pariah. 
additional  instraction  he  can  giTa,  pro] 
paid  for  by  those  who  can  afford  il 
duces  the  rate  of  charge  to  the  poor. 
are  happy  to  find  that  there  are  i 
workers  in  imitation  of  the  recto 
King's  Somboorne.  We  heartily 
them  snccess. 


\ 


Schools  J  8fc./or  the  Industrial  Classes. 
A  paper  read  bffore  the  Society  of  Arts, 
April  2Tth,  185.').  Bi/  the  Rev,  R.  Dawes, 
Dean  of  Hereford. — There  were  many 
who  feared  that  Mr.  Dawes's  elevation  to 
the  Deanery  of  Hereford,  and  consequent 
removal  from  King's  Somboume,  would 
be  the  destruction  of  his  valuable  work. 
Few  clergymen,  it  was  feared,  would  take 
up  his  task  with  exactly  the  same  ideas, 
and  carry  out  his  designs  as  he  himself 
would  have  done.  We  are  happy  to  say  the 
prophets  have  j)rophesied  falsely.  In  the 
course  of  the  above  lecture  the  Dean  of 
Hereford  read  a  letter  from  his  successor, 
the  Rev.  C.  Nicoll — of  recent  date.  At 
Christmas  1450,  the  Dean's  connexion 
with  the  parish  ceased.  The  schools, 
however,  still  prosper,  are  self-support- 
in;?,  high  in  repute — the  pupils  who  have 
been  seut  out  turn  out  well ;  and  continual 
applications  are  making  for  boys  or  girls, 
trained  at  King's  Sombourne,  for  other 
and  distant  schools  ; — and  this  is  the  more 
satisfactory,  as  the  present  incumbent 
owns  that  he  came  with  **  some  slight 
degree  of  prejudice  against  the  system;*' 
but  that  "  a  very  short  time  convinced 
him  of  the  needlessness  of  all  doubt  and 
hesitation,  and  happily  completely  con- 
verted him  to  a  sense  of  its  excellence." 

We  cannot  forbear  in  this  place  urging 
the  example  of  King's  Sombourne  upon  all 
who  are  inclined  rather  to  lower  the  supply 
of  education  to  the  immediatedemand.  than 
to  give  the  supply  first,  and  expect  the  de- 
mand. We  know  many  parishes  wiierc  it 
is  thought  enough  to  provide  a  school- 
mistress, in  order  to  teach  the  poorest 
among  the  children  to  read  nnd  write.  In 
limiting  ambition  to  this  object,  the  class 
of  small  farmers  is  quite  overlook e<l.  It 
is  shortsi»;hted  policy.  The  si-tllenient  of 
an  intelligent  Master  i^  always  worth 
I'uying  for.  It  is  comparatively  easy  to 
obtain  the  help  of  a  woman  to  teach  the 
girls  to  work  ;  but  a  well-trained  achool- 


Cycloptedia  Bibliographiea :  a  lAh 
Manual  ^f  Theological  and  Gemerai  J 
rature.  Parts  II, — VIIL  Royal 
We  noticed  in  a  former  namber  the  c 
mencement  of  this  very  excellent  bil 
graphical  work, — originating  with 
Metropolitan  Library  of  Mr.  Darling. 
h:is  now  proceeded  nearly  half-way 
wards  its  accomplishment.  As  res|] 
theological  literature,  nothing  so  fall  < 
accurate  has  heretofore  been  isiae^ 
this  country.  The  analysis  given  ol 
the  important  works,  including  the 
Iccted  sermons  of  oar  indnstrions  din 
is  very  satisfactory.  As  respects  *'  f 
ral  literatare "  the  plan  is,  we  presi 
to  print  in  the  larger  type  the  title 
those  books  only  of  which  there  are  cc 
in  the  Metropolitan  Library ;  whilst  e 
important  works  or  editions  oi  the  i 
authors  are  added  in  the  smaller  C; 
Such,  we  observe,  is  the  case  with  ret 
to  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare's  edition  of  Glra 
Cambrensis,  and  the  first  edition  ot 
Paston  Letters  by  Sir  John  Fean.  I\ 
a  mistake,  however,  in  regard  to  the  latl 
to  say  that  it  "  was  pnblisbed  1787-Vi9 
in  5  vols.  4to  ;'*  for  the  fifth  volume 
not  appear  until  1823,  the  first  two  hai 
been  published  in  17B7«  and  the  third 
fourth  in  17R9.  The  references  w] 
are  added  to  the  best  critiques  of  mm 
works  that  have  appeared  in  the  Quarl 
and  other  Reviews,  are  both  interei 
and  usefal. 

Popular  Tables  if  the  Valme9  of  J 
holds,  Leaseholds,  ^e.  By  Charles 
Willich. — A  great  number  of  useful 
interesting  tables  are  here  presented 
very  compact  and  accessible  form. 
addition  to  the  values  of  hfe  interests 
reversions,  the  calculations  of  which  ar 
tended  to  the  complex  conditions  of  le 
for  three  lives,  the  book  includes  thi 
ciimulatiims  of  compound  interest  n 
various  circumstances, — the  amoun 
fines  which  should  be  paid  on  renewa 
leases,  whether  for  lives  or  jears,— 
the  Liimdon,  Northampton,  and  Cai 
tables  of  Mortality.  The  author  has 
ferrcd  to  construct  his  own  tnbles  on 
lM>ti4  of  the  Carlisle,  which  appear 
Table  xxxi.)  to  be  most  in  accord 
with    the  experience   of   the   laaur 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews* 


681 


Offices,  at  least  for  lives  up  to  the  age  of 
50,  though  beyond  that  age  the  Northamp- 
ton tables  accord  better  with  the  results 
of  practice.  It  should,  however,  be  re- 
membered that  the  experience  of  offices  is 
of  a  peculiar  nature,  being  considerably 
affected  by  the  conditions  under  which  the 
individuals  are  selected  whose  duration  of 
life  is  observed.  For  the  generality  of 
persons  it  is  possible  that  either  of  the 
tables  of  mortality  may  present  more 
correct  results  than  those  of  the  Insurance 
Offices,  though  we  should  imagine  that  the 
materials  now  furnished  by  the  Registrar- 
General  would  afford  the  means  of  con- 
structing one  more  accurate  than  either. 

Mr.  Willich  has  appended  to  his  book 
a  series  of  tables  of  a  miscellaneous 
nature,  of  interest,  currencies,  weights  and 
measures,  and  various  others,  comprising 
a  quantity  of  information  which,  though 
forming  part  of  the  commonest  elements 
of  **  Useful  Knowledge,"  is  not  always 
easy  to  be  found  at  the  moment  when  it 
is  required. 


Rosalie ;  or,  The  TYuth  shall  make  you 
Free.  An  Authentic  Narrative  by  Made- 
moiselle R.  B.  de  P — .  With  an  Intro* 
duction  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Ridgeway,  In- 
cumbent of  Penye. — We  have  not  a  doubt 
of  the  sincerity  of  the  writer  of  this  unaf- 
fected piece  of  self-biography.  The  only 
question  with  regard  to  its  publication  is 
one,  not  after  all  of  any  great  importance, 
and  one  which  we  should  at  all  times  be 
willing  to  waive  in  favour  of  an  expe- 
riment having  for  its  object  the  truest 
good  of  our  fellow- creatures :  we  mean 
the  question  of  its  containing  enough  of 
incident  or  distinctiveness  to  ensure  its 
success  in  a  literary  point  of  view.  They 
who  are  willing  to  run  a  little  risk  of  this 
kind  ought  not  to  have  the  hindrance  of 
critical  severity.  Rosalie's  lot  appears 
to  have  been  much  favoured.  Her  Pro- 
testant friends  have  been  judicious  as  well 
as  pious  ;  and  we  trust  the  trials  of  her 
past  life  have  been  of  radical  senrice  to 
her.  We  think  it  might  have  been  as 
well  to  have  given  more  distinctly  the  site 
of  her  various  places  of  abode.  "  Uarras" 
does  not  a])pear  on  our  map,  so  far  as  we 
can  find.  In  mentioning  her  residence  at 
the  castle  of  Montargis  there  is  an  his- 
torical error,  we  believe.  Ren^,  daughter 
of  Louis  the  Twelfth  of  France,  whom  she 
calls  Duchess  of  Genoa,  is  better  known, 
we  opine,  as  the  celebrated  Duchess  Ren^e 
of  Ferrara,  the  friend  and  patroness  of 
Clement  Marot,  Theodore  Beza,  &c.  She 
married  Hercules  d'Este  at  the  age  of 
18,  and,  so  far  from  having  only  '*  em- 
braced the  reformed  religion  on  the  death 
of  her  husband,"  she  had  Calvia  for  bear 


guest  at  his  court  (though  under  a  feigned 
name),  and  her  own  bias  was  communicated 
to  many  of  the  most  illustrious  ladies  of 
Ferrara.  It  is  certain,  however,  that  in 
consequence  of  opposition  from  her  hus- 
band, she  was  compelled  after  a  time  to 
hide  her  faith  in  her  own  heart,  and  that 
the  support  afforded  by  her  to  Protes- 
tantism was  given  in  secresy. 


The  English  Bible :  containing  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments^  according  to  the 
authorized  Version,  newly  divided  into 
Paragraphs f  Sfc.  Foolscap  4to.  Part  I. 
(Robert  B.  Blackader.) — This  new  edition 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures  is  elaborately  an- 
notated in  the  margin  with  parallel  pas- 
sages, dates,  and  observations  geographical, 
historical,  antiquarian,  and  critical;  and 
in  appendices  to  each  book  with  longer 
notes,  containing,  1.  the  most  important 
variations  of  the  ancient  versions ;  2.  cri- 
tical notes  from  sources  in  the  best  re* 
pnte,  British  and  Foreign ;  and  3.  elucida- 
tions from  modem  discoveries  and  travels, 
including  the  most  recent  sources  of  in- 
formation. The  First  Part  comprises  the 
Book  of  Genesis,  and  concludes  with  an 
index  to  the  Notes  on  that  Book.  In  the 
text,  whilst  an  indication  of  chapters  and 
verses,  as  numbered  in  the  anthorixed 
version,  is  retained,  the  narrative  is  divided 
into  sections  and  paragraphs  correspondent 
to  the  ordinary  plan  of  other  historical 
works.  This  plan  is  not  only,  in  many 
instances,  more  accordant  with  the  coarse 
of  the  narrative,  but  is  recommended  as  ob- 
viating **  the  common  and  dangerous  error 
of  quoting  isolated  passages  of  Scriptnre 
without  regard  to  their  context/'  In  the 
poetical  books,  and  in  the  hymns  and 
canticles  wherever  they  occur,  a  rhythmical 
arrangement,  on  the  system  of  poetic 
parallelism,  will  be  followed. 

An  Epitome  of  the  Civil  and  IMerwrjf 
Chronology  qf  Greece .  By  H.  Fjm^ 
Clinton,  M,A.  8vo.  pp.  viii,  468. 

Chronological  Tables  of  Qrsek  and 
Jtoman  History.  Edited  by  W.  Smith, 
LL.D.  Hvo.  pp.  240.— These  Tolnmes 
afford  us  the  opportunity  of  paying  a  tri- 
bntary  notice  to  the  labours  of  the  lamented 
author,  the  former  being  his  own  abridg- 
ment, and  the  latter  a  summary  by  another 
hand.  The  former  is  an  editio  parabiUs 
(to  borrow  an  expression  from  German 
editors  of  classics)  of  Mr.  Clinton's  great 
work,  the  Chronology  of  Greece ;  and,  as 
it  was  published  only  a  short  time  before 
his  death,  it  holds  the  melancholy  place 
of  his  latest  literary  production.  As  the 
larger  work,  though  a  treasury  of  facts,  of 
dates,  and  citations,  was  beyond  the  reteh 
of  many  stadents,  from  its  tise  and  ooit, 


632 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Jul 


j 

I 
If' 


such  an  abridgment  is  a  boon  to  them ; 
while  being  executed  by  the  author  him- 
self, it  ensures  a  correct  exhibition  of  his 
ideas.  "  In  the  present  volume  the  quo- 
tations and  references  are  omitted,  the 
principal  facts  and  obser\'ations  are  re- 
tained ....  if  any  errors  were  disco- 
vered in  the  larger  work  they  have  been 
corrected  ....  the  notes  at  the  end  of 
the  volume  supply  some  additional  and 
necessary  observations."  That  it  may 
form  a  convenient  introduction  to  the 
larger  work,  the  original  arrangement  is 
retained. 

For  the  information  of  those  to  whom 
the  work  may  be  partly  new,  we  will  state 
that  the  chronological  tables  are  inter- 
spersed with  dissertations  on  the  early  in- 
habitants of  Greece,  the  Me«senian  wars, 
the  Scripture  Chronology,  the  writings  of 
Homer,  the  ngc  of  Demosthenes,  the  popu- 
lation of  ancient  Greece,  &c. :  together 
with  lists  of  the  Kings  of  Sparta,  Mace- 
donia, Lydia,  &c.  A  long  note  at  p.  70-81 
is  devoted  to  the  examination  of  some  re- 
marks of  Mr.  Grote.  That  able  historian 
had  argued,  that  "  the  gods  and  heroes  (in 
the  divine  legends)  are  essentially  ficti- 
tious ;  *'  to  which  Mr.  Clinton  replies, 
"It  is  not  just  to  conclude  that  because 
the  Homeric  gods  are  fictitious  the  heroes 
are  fictitious  also."  (p.  78.)  He  says,  "  I 
accept  the  war  of  Troy  as  a  real  event, 
and  the  Homeric  heroes  as  real  persons.'* 
(Ibid.)  He  compares  it  to  the  Crusades, 
which  were  real  events,  and  yet  were 
adorned  by  authors,  both  in  prose  and 
verse,  with  many  fabulous  circumstances 
and  wonderful  talcs,  (p.  81.)  We  might 
add,  that  no  one  believes  the  pilgrimage 
of  King  Arthur  to  Jerusalem,  yet  Arthur 
is  recognised  as  an  historical  personage. 
Mr.  Clinton  considers  that  the  transmis- 
sion of  the  Homeric  poems  was  owing  to 
their  being  sung  by  a  family  or  rather 
school,  who  were  called  the  Homeridse. 
(p.  151.)  He  regards  the  Iliad  and  the 
Odyssey  as  belonging  to  the  same  school 
of  poetr)',  but  the  latter  as  about  fifty 
years  later  than  the  former,  (p.  153.) 
His  remarks  on  the  j)ojmlation  of  ancient 
Greece  (p.  "JGl-O)  are  of  general  applica- 
tion, and  will  be  read  with  Advantage. 

2.  The  second  work  ut  the  head  of  this 
notice  consists  of  Chronological  Tables, 
reprinted  from  those  two  valuable  works 
of  Dr.  Smith,  the  Dictionaries  of  Greek 
and  Roman  Biography  and  Antiquities. 
They  are  drawn  up  from  the  Fa»(%  Hellenici 
and  Fasti  Romani  of  Mr.  Clinton,  and  the 
works  of  Fischer,  Soetbeer,  and  Zumpt, 
as  is  stated  in  a  note  at  the  end  of  the 
tables  of  Roman  history.  Subjoined  tre 
regal  and  other  lists,  and  tables  of  weights, 
measures,  and  money,  in  which  those  of 
8 


Hussey  and  Warm  are  cbiefly  folio 
The  whole  forms  a  valuable  and  oo 
nient  compendium,  by  wbicb  the  stn 
is  furnished  with  excellent  aids  for 
torical  readiug.  "  You  caDnot  read  ! 
(said  a  college  tutor  in  our  heariag  i 
years  ago)  without  a  dictionary  in 
hand,  and  Roman  Antiquitiesin  the  otht 
We  might  add,  that  a  good  chroool 
such  as  we  have  here,  ought  to  be  pi 
beside  them.  Ileeren  in  the  introdot 
to  his  '*  Manual  '*  says  that  "  an  ( 
chronology  is  no  less  neceasary  for  am 
history  than  a  full  g^eograpbical  desi 
tion  of  the  countries  which  have  beet 
theatre  of  the  principal  events."  '^ 
D'Anville  was  in  geography,  Mr.  Cli 
has  proved  in  chronology,  and  the  ob 
tions  under  which  he  has  laid  snccee 
historians  arc  incalculable. 


Reading  for  TraveUert.  1 .  Old  R 
and  New  Roads,  2.  Magic  and  W\ 
craft.  3.  Franklin' 9  Fbotttept,  4. 
Viilage  Doctor,  Translated  by  1 
Duff  Gordon. — ^These  are  pleasant  bo 
Though  not,  as  to  the  actual  quanta 
material,  equalling  some  of  the  extrac 
nary  serials  of  our  day,  their  qm 
makes  us  yield  them  the  praise  of  ch 
ness,  equally  with  that  of  goodness. 
beautiful  clear  type  is  also  a  rccommei 
tion  of  no  small  weight  to  travellers. 
first  number  is  an  account  of  Roads 
cicnt  and  modem,  concocted  by  one 
dowed  with  habits  of  resesrch  and  gr 
facility  in  arranging  bis  information. 
is,  for  its  size,  a  very  complete  and  he 
tiful  work.— ''Magic  and  Witchcraft^ 
also  very  pood  of  its  kind. — **  Frank] 
footsteps,"  by  Clement  Robert  Markb 
is  a  well-condensed  ai:count  of  Arctic 
covery,  ancient  and  modem,  of  the  W 
fisheries,  and  of  the  various  expedit 
expressly  made  in  search  of  Sir  J 
Franklin  and  his  companions,  accnmpa 
by  a  map;  and  when  we  say  that  it  rea 
to  1 13  pages,  and  that  part  of  it  is  tb< 
suit  of  original  observation,  the  autho 
ing  one  of  Captain  Austin^s  oflScers, 
price  (U.  6'</.)  is  little  enough,  for  so  j 
and  noticeable  a  book.  A  pleasante 
count  of  adventure,  or  one  more  free  j 
affectation,  has  seldom  been  given. 

The  fourth  and  last  number  is  on 
Lady  Dulf  Gordon*8  admirable  translal 
of  a  very  i)retty  French  tale. 

Observations  on  India,  by  a  ReMi 
there  many  years,  1  vol.  %vo, — Bacoo 
an  aphorism  to  the  effect  that  they 
go  to  foreign  parts  before  they  have 

*  He  instanced  Ainnoorih  and  Adi 
but  they  sre  now  being  snperMded. 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Review  it. 


633 


quired  Ihe  Language  Uiereof,  go  ta  school 
and  not  to  travel.  We  miiy  add  that  they 
who  travel  forthe  purpoiieof  recordiag  Iheir 
obaerrationg  ehould  nho  priuinrUy  have 
the  art  of  observing.  How  our  aiithar 
flras  qualified  for  foreign  uoiificatioQ  by 
previous  training  at  home  is  txquisikly 
shown  ia  the  following  paragraph.  *^*  In 
Europe  a  duchess  catches  cold,  aiidr  like 
the  grunt  of  the  white  elephant  in  Bur- 
mah*  it  is  nn  event  of  importance  that  is 
circulated  throughout  the  empire.  Ten 
thousand  poor  inechanicji  and  their  fami. 
lies  die  of  absolute  starvationi  or  pine  to 
death  for  want  of  wholesome  food  and 
clothing,  and,  m  that  the  eyes  of  thtj  dcU. 
cate  are  not  oiTeuded  by  their  t-ufferinga, 
no  one  knows  or  cares  about  the  matter/ ' 
Such  a  groundless  home  aaaertion  as  this 
is  enough  to  throw  suspicion  on  all  the 
author's  foreign  ohservauons.  The  vo- 
lume, however,  does  not  kck  interest,  but 
too  often  the  hitter  is  entirely  de^roycd 
by  the  rabid  spirit  which  induces  him  to 
fling  dirt  uii«pariDgty  at  the  occupiers  of 
high  places. 


Temple  Bar,  the  City  GoigoiAa.  A 
Namtiite  qf  th€  HUiorieal  Occurrence* 
of  a  Criminal  Character  astociaied  wiih 
the  prexent  Bar.  By  a  Member  of  the 
Inner  Temple.  Sm*  iio,  pp.  68.— Among 
the  many  olJ  proverbs  that  are  not  yet 
forgotten,  either  in  their  terms  or  in  pruc- 
tice,  is  that  well  known  otiP, — "  Give  a 
dog  an  lU-nume^  und  then  hang  Lim.^' 
Temple  Bur  is  a  structure  which  some  per- 
sons have  doomed  to  destruction.  It  was 
well  abujed  a  few  months  Ago  in  The 
Titoes ;  and  now  it  is  placed  before  us 
with  a  very  bad  name  :  it  is  nothing  less 
than  "the  City  Golgotlm/'  And  yet,  so 
far  as  appears,  tbe  author  before  us  has 
not  adopted  ihe  term  with  any  mischievous 
intent,  tie  does  not  himself  tske  part, 
either  pro  or  eon,y  in  the  question  whether 
the  old  Gateway  should  stand  its  ground 
or  not :  but,  hi  a  attention  liaviug  probably 
been  directed,  by  that  qu^tion,  to  certain 
historical  events  with  which  the  name  of 
Temple  Bar  is  connected,  he  has  been 
induced  to  undertake  a  ^mall  piece  of 
authorship,  and  to  tempt  readers  thereto 
by  a  term  at  least  mysterious  and  possibly 
attractive. 

He  presents  us,  in  fact,  an  historical 
monograph  on  certain  cases  of  high  trea- 
son, which  are  connected  with  Temple  Bar 
only  m  f(ir  that  the  structure  was  em- 
ployed for  tbe  performance  of  a  part  of  the 
punishment  inflicted,  namely  the  public 
exposure  of  the  heads  and  limbs  of  the 
sufferers  after  their  eiccution.  This  prac- 
tice had  been  customary  from  early  limes : 
and    tlie   gatewav   of  Londoti-liridgc   was 

Oknt.  SIai.,  Vol.  XXKI\. 


once  the  usual  place  where  it  was  observed 
in  the  metropoliis.  Some  of  the  last  ex- 
posed on  that  spot  were  the  regicides  after 
tbe  Restoration,  an«l  Venner  and  others  of 
the  Fifth  Monarchy  men,  in  JIG61.  At  the 
same  period  the  heads  of  Cromwell,  Brad- 
shaw^  and  Ireton,  severed  from  their  ex* 
humed  and  hrilf-pcriiifaed  corpse?,  were 
fixed  upon  Westiuinfiter  HalL  On  occa- 
sions suhsequeai  to  this,  says  our  author, 
the  disposal  of  ilic  quartered  bodies  of 
traitors,  who  suft'ered  in  London,  wh«,  with 
i'^vt  exceptions,  *'  whully  or  partially  exer- 
cised in  favour  of  Temple  Bar/'  which 
**  thus  became  the  City  Golgotha,*' 

It  is  not,  however,  by  any  very  large 
catalogue  of  names  that  the  justice  of  this 
designation  is  snpportedi  though  the  length 
of  time  that  the  heads,  so  exposed,  were 
latterly  suffered  to  remain  ift  certainly  sur 
prising.  Sir  Thomas  Armstrong  (whom 
the  author  twice,  in  pp.  10,  13,  inadver- 
tently calls  Sir  William,)  is  the  earliest 
traitor  introduced  in  this  calendar  of  bar- 
barities. He  was  executed  at  Tybourn  on 
the  20th  June,  1683  ;  when  his  head  was 
bet  up  upon  Westminster  Hall,  between 
those  of  Cromwell  and  Brudshaw  (which 
h?id  remained  there  during  the  whole  of 
the  reign  of  Charles  the  Second),  and  his 
body  having  been  divided  into  four  quar- 
ters, one  was  impaled  upon  Temple  Bar, 
two  others  on  Aldersgate  and  Aid  gate,  and 
the  fourth  aent  to  Stafford,  which  borough 
the  deceased  had  rt'[)rf!SLnted  in  Parlia-^ 
ment.  In  1095  Sir  William  Parkins  and 
Sir  John  Friend  wtre  executed  for  having 
conspired  to  assassinate  WUlliam  III. 
Their  quarters  were  placed  upon  Temple 
Bar,  together  witli  the  head  of  the  former  ; 
'^  a  dismal  sight,**  remarks  Evelyn  in  his 
Diary,  '' which  many  pitied.  I  think  there 
never  was  such  a  Temple  B^ir  till  now, 
except  in  the  time  of  King  Charles  the 
Second,  vix*  Sir  Thomas  Armstrong."  At 
the  same  time  the  head  of  .Sir  John  Friend 
was  set  up  on  Aldgste  t  so  ttiat,  after  all. 
Temple  Bar  w*as  not  yet,  par  efnineti^je, 
**  tbe  City  Golgotha.'*  It  is  further  re- 
corded that  llie  head  of  Colonel  Henry 
Oxburgh,  one  of  Uie  victims  of  the  struggle 
of  17l3r  was  placed  on  the  top  of  Temple 
Bar;  and  in  17-3  that  of  Cbristophfr 
Layer,  who  had  conspired  to  assassinate 
George  I.  In  1746  the  heads  of  Colonel 
Francis  Townley  and  Captain  George  Flet- 
cher, two  of  the  supporters  of  the  Pre 
tender,  were  pbced  in  the  same  position. 
The  head  of  Layer  was  blown  down  dur- 
ing a  storm  ;  when  Dr.  Richard  Rawlia- 
son,  who  was  a  great  Ja^cobite,  purctuued 
it,  and  it  was  buried  with  him  in  1755 — 
unless,  as  the  story  goes,  another  akull 
was  palmed  upon  him  in  its  pbce  (See 
Nlchola^f  Literary  Anecdotes^  fol.  t.  p* 
1  M 


634 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


CJ« 


1 1. 


493.)  There  were  two  heads  still  remain- 
ing until  the  year  1772,  when  a  high  wind 
at  length  swept  them  away.  So  that,  after 
all,  the  sum  total  of  the  skulls  ever  placed 
on  **  the  City  Golgotha"  is  only  five,  and 
it  is  now  eighty  years  since  it  was  freed 
from  the  last  of  them. 

Such  is  the  whole  of  the  groundwork  of 
this  book,  which  the  author  has  amplified 
by  historical  and  biographical  details.  He 
concludes  with  some  observations  on  the 
gradual  modification  of  sanguinary  punish- 
ments, urging  the  history  of  past  times  in 
proof  of  **  the  baneful  effects  produced  on 
the  morals  of  the  people  by  the  public 
exhibition  of  the  last  moments  of  a 
criminal.^* 

With  other  subjects  that  form  part  of 
the  history  of  Temple  Bar  tlie  author  does 
not  meddle,  nor  does  he  attempt  to  de- 
scribe or  criticise  its  architectural  features, 
having  understood  that  a  work  is  in  course 
of  preparation  by  a  gentleman  fully  quali- 
fied for  the  task,  which  will  embrace  both 
these  topics.  Whether  such  will  prove  the 
obituary  memoirs  of  Temple  Bar  remains 
to  be  seen ;  but  we  should  be  sorry  to  see 
it  removed  in  a  mere  wanton  spirit  of  de- 
struction. Though  not  particularly  elegant 
as  an  architectural  composition,  it  is  still 
interesting  as  an  historical  monument  of 
the  ancient  limits  of  the  city  of  London  : 
and  even  if  the  bounds  of  the  civic  juris- 
diction themselves  are  obliterated  (as  is 
now  proposed)  by  legislative  enactment, 
such  a  memorial  of  the  pai:t  is  not  the  less 
worthy  of  preservation  on  that  account. 
As  any  relief  to  the  traffic  ui'  the  street,  it 
is  obvious  that  the  mere  removal  of  the 
gatehouse,  which  scarcely  occupies  any 
portion  of  the  roadway,  would  effect  no- 
thing, unless  it  were  accompanied  by  the 
removal  of  many  houses,  in  order  to  widen 
the  thoroughfare ;  and  it  would  appear  a 
mucii  preferable  plan  to  form  a  new  cen- 
tral street,  intermediate  between  the  pre- 
sent main  lines  uf  llolborn  and  the  Strand, 
to  commence  from  the  neighbourhood  of 
St.  Puurs,  to  cross  the  valley  of  the  Fleet 
by  u  viaduct  (as  proposed  by  Mr.  Pear- 
son), and  lead  by  Lincoln's  Inn  towards 
the  more  open  streets  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Covent  Garden. 

CoLLKCTANKA  Antiql'a.  Etchtnyt 
ami  Notices  of  Ancient  Remains,  illtatra- 
tive  of  the  Habitsy  Customs^  and  History 
of  Past  Ages.  By  Charles  Roach  Smith, 
H.M.R.S.L.  ^-c.  Sfc.  Vol.  lU.  Part  L 
Post  Hvo. — The  true  ICnijlish  antiquary  will 
be  glad  to  welcome  the  first  portion  of  a 
Tiiird  Volume  of  Mr.  Roach  Smith's  Col- 
lectanea Aiitiqua,  n  book  of  which  the 
pievious  portions  have  been  f^o  well  re- 
ceived that  they  are  out  of  print.     This 


new  Tolume  will  be  priTAtelf  imed 
subscription  of  S4«.  to  be  completi 
fore  Christmas  in  tbree  or  four  toI 
as  circumstancei  may  determine.  It 
tains  tweWe  etchings,  some  of  whic 
coloured,  and  the  subjects  of  the  at 
are !  L  Anglo-Saxon  Remains  c 
vered  at  Osingell,  Kent ;  S.  On  the 
Roman  Nails  frequently  found  in  R 
Graves;  3.  Roman  sculptures  foai 
Wroxeter;  4.  Roman  Ornaments  I 
near  Dorchester,  Dorset ;  5.  Irish 
quities  of  the  Saxon  period, — thi 
contributed  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Wak< 
The  Ozingell  antiquities  are  illustrat 
six  plates,  which  comprise  the  entir 
lection  discovered  a  few  years  sin 
Ozingell,  near  Sandwich,  and  whic 
now  preserved  in  the  muaeum  of 
Henry  Rolfe,  esq.  of  that  town. 
were  brought  before  the  attention  c 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  but  unfortw 
discountenanced  in  consequence  of  tt 
ciety*8  recent  economy,  or,  as  Mr.  1 
Smith  regards  it,  its  parsimony,  in  n 
to  draughtsmen  and  engravers.  In 
such  is  the  author^s  indignation  oi 
head,  that  we  observe  that  he  has 
drawn  the  initials  P.S.A.  from  his 
page,  and  has  latterly  withheld  bis 
nmnications  from  a  body  to  which  h 
heretofore  been  so  efficient  a  eontrit 
We  trust  tills  state  of  things  will  not 
continue.  Meanwhile  the  informatioj 
the  engravings  which  it  is  hiM  pleasa 
distribute  in  the  present  /brm,  will,  i 
their  intrinsic  interesf,  command  a  ci 
lati'jn  of  their  own.  The  sculptun 
Wroxeter,  being  carted  columns  and 
tils,  are  very  remarkable  sa  memorii 
Roman  architecture. 


7'Ae  Hand  Book  (if  Mediaeval  Alpl 
and  Devices,  By  Henry  Shaw,  F 
Royal  Spo, — This  is  a  second  and  enl 
edition,  but  at  a  reduced  price,  o( 
Shaw's  former  work  on  the  "  Alphi 
Numerals,  and  Devices  of  the  H 
Ages,"  a  book  which  must  have  be 
the  utmost  service  to  artists  engag 
imitations  of  mediieval  worlcs,  in  adi 
an  appropriate  character  for  their  ioi 
tions, — a  point  in  which  they  weie 
toforc  as  lamentably  deficient,  as  thi 
inutist  und  the  historical  painter 
once  in  their  costume.  The  book, 
ever,  was  a  dear  one,  having  many  < 
rately  coloured  plates.  These  are 
drawn  from  the  republication  befor 
and  sixteen  new  ones  are  substituted. 
whole  number  is  now  thirty-six,  exi 
ing  twenty-six  complete  Alphabets, 
from  seventy  to  eighty  Initial  Lette 
a  larger  and  more  elaborate  charactei 
tending  in  period  from  the  begimUi 


1853.] 


the  tenth  century  to  the  end  of  ttie  s«f  en* 
teenth.  To  these  are  added  cxAjnplea  of 
the  various  forms  of  Arabic  numerak  io 
use  from  their  first  introductioa  ;  and  rUq 
a  series  of  labels,  monograms,  heraldic 
devices,  and  other  matters  of  detail  in 
design,  which  are  calculated  Co  8ugge«t 
correct  and  appropriate  ideas  to  the  &rHttr 
and  also  to  determine  questions  at  dtnte  axid 
veracity  in  works  offered  to  the  virtuoso. 


Remains  of  Pagan  SaxoHdum^  princi- 
pally from  Tumuli  in  Bnglami.  Drawn 
from  the  Originals,  Described  and  Hhfi- 
irated  by  John  Yonge  Akernian,  f^ihw 
and  Secretary  of  the  Society  of  Aiitiqua 
ries  offjondon.  Parts  11.— V.  J/^— Mr. 
Akerman  is  proceeding  regularly  with  this 
interesting  series  of  Plates,  &11  of  whidi 
are  coloured  after  the  originals,  llie  t^cib- 
jects  are  weapons  and  tibulse,  a  remark- 
able gold  bulla,  vases  of  glass ^  and  bead^p 
and  in  the  last  number  a  very  elej^ut 
bronze  patera  from  a  cemetery  at  Wi og- 
ham in  Kent.  It  is  only  in  qtiiie  recent 
days  that  "Pagan  Sazondom '^'  has  ac- 
quired the  credit  of  having  proiIuc«d  »uoh 
excellent  craftsmen  and  so  mticb  ()f  whal 
must  really  be  classed  as  fine  art. 


A  Selection  from  the  Lectures  dettpered 
at  St,  Margaret^Sf  Lothbury,  by  the  Rert. 
H.  Melvill,  B,D,  12mo.  pp,  miL  3a9.— 
We  presume  we  cannot  be  wron?  tn  apply- 
ing to  this  volume  the  character  given  of 
former  ones  by  a  competent  iiuttmrity. 
"  Popular,  evangelical,  and  ui.t-liil,  with 
many  thoughts  gathered  from  oUier  preach- 
ers, and  made  striking  by  his  o^fi  di>» 
quence.''  (Bickersteth's  Christian  &m« 
dent,  1th  edit.  p.  494.)  If  the  subjecta 
were  intended  to  come  in  regular  order, 
the  first  lecture  would  more  api^r.fprjfttety 
follow  the  last,  as  **The  Return  of  the 
Dispossessed  Spirit ''  may  justly  be  con- 
sidered io  connection  with  ''  Spiritiul 
Decline." 


Rorc-bufh,  in  tUa  plural,  for  it  cetiiiats  c^ 
mi^ci'Uaitit'ii,  ckjicriptiv^^  narrative^  and 
b{c»gr|iphlcaL  The  history  of  J  a  me  ray 
Duval,  librariiin  to  the  cotiflort  of  Maria 
Theresa,  in  aiillicieuUy  known  to  serve  as 
a  sample  of  the  contents.  Or,  if  our  i 
tiers  are  not  yet  acquainted  with  it^  the 
following  quotation  from  af)  efDiiieut  Frencli 
writer  may  itlmtitate  their  curiotsity. 
Cbftrle^  Noditr,  in  im  prefaoe  to  thi 
MiBg.  Univ*  Ch^tique  (Paris,  IS29),  isp 
that  a  good  biographical  dictionary  should 
be  one,  **  qu^un  autre  Maglia&^ccki  puieae 
ravoir  sur  son  bureau,  qii'ui>  autre  J^tmemi 
Duval  puisse  I'eraporter  daua  m  poche/" 
The  conteiita  of  ihh  volume  are  partljr 
prose,  partly  poetry.  The  eiigrflvin|a  wv 
neat,  and  the  whole  forma  in  interesting 
mificcliany  for  the  youDg. 


Liturgy  and  Church  History  ^     By  the 
Metf,  C.   H.    Bromby,   M.A,      Poti  ^m, 

pp,  tlJ^,— Ttiis  is  a  reprint  of  tracts  con- 
cerning the  Liturgy,  the  Rule  of  Faith, 
the  Bi^tor}'  of  the  Early  Churehr  and  the 
antiquity  of  the  Britifih.  On«  phrase^ 
'♦the  droBB  of  the  dark  «ge«  "  (p*  21). 
will  ant  likti  the  oaagnet,  with  a  repnlfiive 
end  to  &ome  readers,  and  an  attractive  one 
to  othen.  At  p.  bb,  the  eipresdon  **  the 
cMhoUcity  of  the  eburch  "  is  [ntroduced 
at  a  time  (the  baptisiD  of  Cornelius)  that 
givea  it  an  air  of  obacurity^  which  ihould 
be  avoid c!d  m  a.  work  deitgned  for  popular 
use* 


The  Rose- Bud:  a  Christim  Gift  to  the 
Young.  Square  \6mo,  pp,  'ihO. — -ThU 
volume  should  rather  have  been  entiUed 


Life  nfjMmts  Waii.^Serie*  &f  Works 
printed  far  the  Bristol  A^yfam  /or  ike 
Blind.  By  John  Edward  T&ylor.— Thii 
life  of  Jamiw  Watt,  whieh  i^  copietl  (tiy 
peTmUkion)  from  the  isdltioii  of  the  Society 
for  promoting  ChKBtian  Kntiwlcdg^,  Is 
printed  in  relief  in  the  ordinary  Etimtti 
capitals  and  lower  caiif^.  It  appenr»  to  ui 
remark  Ably  nUvkt  aud  w«ll  ext^c^utcd,  and 
we  are  tMii^rcd  by  the  managera  of  tli« 
Bfiaiol  Aiyluut  thut  it  U  read  ivitb  Mi«  bf 
the  blind.  They  wlio  hAfe  natieed  ant 
obftervtitionii  on  '*  Tangibte  Typography  " 
will  infer  how  gladly  we  welcome  a  rttum 
to  ibe  Bngtiih  alphabet* 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES, 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTiaU^atlia. 

April  28.  J.  Payne  Collier,  etq,  V*P. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  cJeetfld 
Fellows  :  Henry  Hill,  esq.  of  Curfou- 
street ;  Bernard  Boliogbroke  Woodw«rd* 
esq.  B.A.  of  Norwioh;  th«  Bet*  Joa^ph 


0ocMiatl,  If* A.  Viear  of  Bromham  im^ 
Oak  ley »  BihIa;  and  Frederic  Cor  bio  Lukis^ 
eiq»  of  the  Grange t  Guernsey  (and  father 
of  Dr,  F*  C.  L4tki!i,  F.S.A.)}  andaa  Hnno- 
rary  Members,  Herr  Joaeph  Ametht 
Keeper  of  the  Ajitiquitiea  in  the  lBi|Hifial 


An t iquaria n  Resea rch ei. 


6-^6 


Museum  of  Vienna ;  Herr  Edward  Ger- 
hard, Professor  of  Archaeology  in  the  Royal 
Museum  of  Berlin  ;  and  the  Abbate  Fusco, 
of  Naples. 

Mr.  Benj.  Williams  exhibited  a  drawing 
of  the  Couronne  de  Lumiere  of  the  ch:)n- 
dclier  at  Aix  la  ChapcUe;  Mr.  W.  M. 
Wylie  im))res8ions  of  the  seal  (obverse  and 
reverse)  of  the  town  of  Colchester ;  and 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo  two  Roman  fibular 
of  the  late  Roman  period,  said  to  have 
been  found  at  Mile  End. 

The  conclusion  of  a  memoir  on  the 
church  of  St.  Mary  Redcliffe,  Bristol,  by 
Mr.  George  Pryce,  was  then  read.  The 
writer  shews  that  tradition  alone,  unsup- 
ported by  documents,  has  ascribed  the 
foundation  to  Simon  dc  Burton  ;  that  the 
oldest  portions  were  erected  at  least  forty 
years  earlier ;  and  that  the  construction  of 
those  parts  of  the  building  usually  ascribed 
to  the  Canynges  was  not  confined  to  them, 
but  aided  by  the  contributions  of  others 
who  joined  them  in  the  pious  work. 

T.  Winter  Jones,  esq.  of  the  British 
Museum,  communicated  some  observations 
on  the  origin  of  the  divisions  of  Man's 
Life  into  Stages.  This  subject,  which  is 
interesting  in  connection  with  the  well- 
known  pastiago  of  Shaksi)ere.  was  to  some 
extent  elucidated  by  Mr.  Waller  in  our 
Magazine  for  last  month.  Mr.  Winter 
Jones's  researches  arc  carried  back  to  a 
very  early  date,  and  he  first  quotes  some 
Greek  verses  attributed  to  Solon  (who 
flourished  600  years  before  Christ),  in 
which  the  life  of  Man  is  divided  into  ten 
stages  of  seven  years  each.  Hi])pocrates 
says  there  are  seven  ages.  In  the  Hebrew 
Midrash  or  Ecclesiastes,  written  about  the 
ninth  century,  the  life  of  man  is  divided 
into  seven  stages,  and  in  each  stage  he  is 
compared  to  some  animal.  Some  German 
authors  of  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth 
century  have  followed  the  same  device, 
but  extending  the  period  of  life  to  one 
hundred  years.  This  is  the  plan  of  "  The 
Ten  Ages  of  the  World,"  a  German  book 
printed  at  Augsburg  in  1518,  in  which 
verses  upon  each  age  are  preceded  by  a 
woodcut  rci)rc£CDting  the  man,  the  par- 
ticular beast  he  is  supposed  tu  resemble  at 
each  age,  and  a  hermit  who  reads  the 
moral.  Some  English  verses  of  the  same 
description  are  said  to  have  been  written 
by  Sir  Thomas  More  in  his  youth  :  of 
these  Mr.  Jones  gives  copies.  But  the 
greatest  curiosity  he  notices  is  a  i)rint, 
engraved  in  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  of  which  a  copy  was  disinterred 
from  the  covers  of  a  MS.  of  N.  de  Lyra 
in  the  British  Museum,  lliis  represents 
the  seven  ages  round  *'  The  wheel  of  life, 
which  is  called  Fortune  "  (resembling  the 
designs  described  by  Mr.  Waller  in  our 


[Jutt 


last  number),  and  is  particularly  dcscri 
by  Mr.  Winter  Jones. 

May  5.  John  Bruce,  esq.  Treasa 
in  the  chair. 

Capt.  Ouvry,  of  the  3d  Light  Dragoi 
presented  a  small  round  seal  from  Ca 
of  chrysoprase,  inscribed  in  Arabic  with 
name  of  Zenab,  daughter  or  adopted  dai 
ter  of  the  caliph  Al  Moatassem. 

Edward  Abadam,  esq.  of  Middletoni 
Carmarthen,  exhibited  a  bronze  cell 
the  axe -head  form,  found  on  Llanfrjii 
common  in  1841. 

Robert  Cole,  esq.  F.S.A.  communia 
a  memorial  addressed  to  the  King  by 
merchants  of  London,  against  tbe  coifti 
of  certain  lewd  persons  called  "  Spirii 
by  whose  practices  parents  had  been  rot 
of  their  children  and  masters  of  their 
prentices,  who  bad  been  spirited,  inveig 
and  trepanned  on  ship-board,  and  so 
ported  to  places  beyond  the  sea: 
praying  that  an  office  of  Registry  ro 
be  set  up  within  the  city  of  London 
check  such  practices.  The  documei 
without  date,  but  is  supposed  to  be  < 
nected  with  an  order  of  Council  issue 
lb'8G  for  regelating  the  method  of  bio( 
Apprentices  to  be  sent  to  tlie  Plantati 
John  Bruce,  esq.  Treasurer,  comm 
cated  some  observations  on  a  rolnm^ 
Manuscripts  now  belonging  to  tb^ 
ciely,  which  was  the  source  from  w] 
the  volume  entitled  Milton^s  State  Fa^ 
was  edited  by  Mr.  John  Nickoi/s,  juni 
F.S.A.  in  the  year  1743.  Tbe  paperi 
contains  were  principally  addressed 
Oliver  Cromwell  daring  that  most 
portant  i)eriod  of  hit  history  when  the 
thusiasm  excited  by  his  great  mili 
achievements  was  animating  him  to 
upon  himself  the  almost  Tacant  gov 
ment.  Regarded  merely  as  a  collec 
of  autographs,  there  are  few  single  toU 
that  would  surpass  it.  It  contains  se^ 
addresses  to  Cromwell  from  churches 
bodies  of  people  in  various  parts  of 
country,  and  amongst  them  an  adc 
from  thirty-six  inhabitants  of  Bedfordsl 
which  is  signed  by  John  Bunyan,  anc 
various  other  persons  intimatcdy  conn« 
with  his  life  and  history. 

Mr.  Bruce  also  exhibited  a  volume 
trusted  to  him  by  the  charchwardei 
Minchenhampton  in  Gloucestershire, 
taining  the  old  accoants  of  that  pa 
In  some  accompauyiog  obserrations 
]3ruce  showed  the  situation  and  sketi 
the  history  of  the  parish,  and  ap| 
these  accounts  to  the  elucidation  of 
influence  of  some  of  the  most  impoi 
events  in  our  history  upon  the  sbeph 
and  maltsters  of  that  secluded  little  to 
amongst  others,  what  practically  they 
when  Queen  Mary  brooght  back  tfae 


1853.] 


Antiquarian  Researches* 


mi 


cient  f&Lth»  and  a^mn  when  protestantism 
wag  restored  by  Quecti  EUzabetb.  The 
CTidence  upon  these  subjects  seemed  to 
eatablish  that  the  people  of  Miuchenbamp- 
ton  were  at  hrut  bj  no  means  favourable 
to  the  ReformattoOr  bat  etibfleqnently 
adopted  i^s  doctnnes  with  zeal. 

Mat/  12.     J.  Payoe  Collier,  esq.  V.P. 

Francis  Grabom  ^looQr  esq.  of  Portman- 
aquarCf  Alderman  of  Loodon,  was  elected 
a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

Patrick  Chalmers,  esq,  F.S.A.  of  Auld. 
hJiVr  commiiDic-ated  an  impression  of  the 
▼ery  beautiful  seal  of  the  church  of  IJrc- 
chin,  CO.  Forfort  ajisigned  to  the  thirteenth 
century.  It  exhibits  a  figure  of  the  Tri- 
nity, with  this  iDscription :  s.   capituli 

SANCTAE  TRINITATIS  d'  ftREOHIN.     The 

back  of  the  matrix  u  chased  with  elegant 
foliage  > 

Robert  Cole,  esq.  F.S.A.  communicated 
ies  of  his  manujscript  papers  relative  to 
ceremony  of  toucbing  for  the  King's 
Svil^  which  he  bad  cKhibited  at  a  former 
meeting  (see  p.  995).  Thehrst  eoumeratcs 
the  moneys  issued  from  the  Exchequer  for 
Angel  Gold  for  the  King's  Healing  in  the 
yeara  1628,  16i9,  1633,  and  1634.  The 
others  belong  to  the  reign  of  Charles  IL; 
— eicept  the  last,  which  is  a  receipt  for 
1500^.  for  Healing  Medals  in  the  year 
1712. 

Mr.  Cole  also  presented  drawings  of 
ancient  voaes,  which  hove  been  found,  uc» 
companying  a  skeleton,  in  making  a  road 
at  Southampton,  half  a  mile  from  the 
priory  of  St.  Denys. 

Lord  Londe^f!  bo  rough  exhibited  a  silver 
fibula,  found  in  April  last  at  Cloueen,  co. 
Wexford,  tt  is  of  unusual  size,  and  the 
arlmtiia  pattern. 

J.  Y.  Akerman,  esq.  resd  a  deacription 
of  a  plate  engraved  for  the  forthcoming 
volume  of  the  Archieologia,  representing 
various  antique  gold  oroimenta  brought 
from  Greece  and  Asia.  Minor.  Three  of 
these  were  purchased  nt  Milfj  in  1820  by 
Lord  Viiacount  Strangford,  Director  of  the 
Society ;  and  the  others  belonged  to  the  col- 
lectloo  of  the  late  Mr.  Borrell,  of  Smyrna. 

John  Bruce,  e^q.  communicated  obser- 
vations on  a  lease  of  two  houses  in  the 
Piazza,  Co  vent  Garden,  granted  to  Sir 
Edmund  Vcniey,  iu  the  year  16^4.  This 
was  immediately  after  the  Earl  of  Bedford 
had  planned  that  magnificent  inoovatioa 
upou  the  ancient  domestic  architecture 
of  this  country f  under  the  superintendence 
of  Inigo  Jones.  The  premises  are  identi. 
tied  as  the  two  houses  at  the  southern  end 
of  the  Piazziu  adjoining  to  Great  RusseU 
Street,  and  which  are  now  occupied  as  the 
Bedford  Coffee  House  and  Hotel.  The 
schedule  of  fixtures  u  more  curious  than 
the  leafo  itaelf. 


The  Society  adjoarned  over  Whitsun 
week  to 

May  36,     The  Bishop  of  Oxford,  V.P. 

The  Rev.  Edward  Trollope,  B.A.  Rector 
of  Leamington,  co.  Lincoln,  author  of 
Hlustrations  of  Ancient  Art  from  Pompeii 
and  Herculaneiim  (a  work  now  in  prepara* 
tion)f  was  elected, — and  Samuel  Welle r 
Siogcff  esq-  of  Manor  Place,  Lambeth, 
author  of  a  Hlatory  of  Playing  Cards,  See, 
was  re-adraittedT  Fellows  of  the  Society. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  F.S.A.  ex- 
hibited u  bronze  fibula  of  the  Roman 
period. 

Edward  Waterton,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited 
an  iron  spur  found  on  the  tield  of  the  battle 
of  Wakefield,  and  also  a  fac^simile  model 
of  the  brooch  of  Lorn. 

J.  H.  Parker,  esq.  F.S.A.  read  a  con- 
tinuation of  bis  remarks  on  the  Ecclesi- 
astical Architecture  of  France,  describing 
the  cathedral  of  Bordeaux  and  the  churches 
of  Guienne.  He  exhibited  at  the  same 
time  a  series  of  very  beantiful  drawings^ 
including  some  of  the  Roman  edifice  at 
Bordeaux,  called  le  Palais  Gallien* 


b. 


ARCHAEOLOGICAL  IN&TITITTE. 

May  6.  The  Hon.  R,  Neville,  V.  R 
Mr.  A,  Rhind  communicated  a  memoir 
on  the  Structures  in  North  Britain  known 
as  Pict:^*  Houses.  Some  antiquaries  have 
called  in  question  the  belief  that  these 
curious  constructions  could  have  served 
aa  habitations;  but  the  result  of  Mr* 
Rhind's  researches,  and  the  recent  exca- 
vations made  by  him  at  one  of  these  build- 
ing«,  situated  at  Kettlehuro,  in  Caithness, 
seem  to  establish  undeniably  that  it  had 
been  the  dwelling-place  of  mau  at  some 
remote  period.  Numerous  rude  imple* 
ments  of  stone,  bone,  &c.  were  found 
amongst  the  ruins,  with  pottery,  small 
haod>mJlU,  or  mortars  suited  for  bruising 
grain;  and  the  remains  of  animals  and 
bones  of  fish  were  in  abundance.  The  oc- 
currence of  the  latter  io  considerable  quan* 
rities  had  been  regarded  as  a  fact  deserving 
of  notice,  since  it  haii  been  stated  by 
Xiphilinus  that  the  ancient  Caledonian 
tribes  never  fed  upon  the  fish  which  were 
fo  plentiful  upon  their  coasts.  With  the 
numerous  relics  of  stone  discovered  by 
Mr.  Rhind  were  a  few  ob)ectfl  of  metal, 
and  some  which  are  of  bronze  *eemed  to 
indicate  the  occupation  of  the  place  in 
times  of  greater  civilisation  th&n  the 
prtxnevol  age  to  which  thtec  houses  are 
ususlly  attributed.  Most  antiquaries  have 
inclined  to  place  them  within  the  limite  of 
the  **  Stone  Period,"  prior  to  the  nse  of 
met&la;  bat  it  ia  probable  that  they  were 
soooeMdvely  occapicil  in  much  later  timet, 
Mr.   Octtvini    Morgan   produced,   by 


■  i 


permission  of  the  Archdeacon  of  Hereford, 
a  line  silver-gilt  chalice  from  the  church 
of  Leomiuster,  supposed  to  have  been  one 
of  those  in  use,  prior  to  the  Reformation » 
in  the  Priory  church  of  that  place,  and 
permitted  to  be  retained  for  parochial  use 
by  the  commission  appointed  to  make  ex- 
amiualiun  of  church-ornaments  in  thi: 
reign  of  Edward  VI.  Tlie  date  of  this 
clialiceis  about  1480.  It  stands  eight  and 
a. half  iiu'hi's  in  height,  the  bowl  being 
Ave  and  i«-li.ilf  inches  in  diameter.  The 
stem  is  enriched  with  six  miniature  but- 
tresses, and  other  chased  ornaments,  once 
in  part  enamelled  :  on  the  bowl  are  the 
words,  "  Calico  salutis  accipia  et  nomu 
D'ni  invocaho."  Mr.  Morgan  also  exhi- 
bited a  curious  collection  of  plate,  con- 
sisting chiefly  of  drinkin;;  cups,  of  various 
forms,  belonging  to  the  wardmotu-inquest 
of  Cripplegatc- Without,  in  the  city  of 
Ijondon.  The  wardmote- inquest  was  an- 
ciently an  institution  of  great  utility  and 
importance,  its  jurisdiction  extending  to 
the  drainage  and  cleansing  of  the  streets, 
and  other  proceedings  now  subject  to  sani- 
tary regulations.  Twelve  scavengers  aj)- 
pear  to  have  been  appointed  in  the  ward 
of  Cripplegate  *,  and,  the  service  being  re- 
garded as  onerous  and  disagreeable  by 
certain  wealthy  citizens,  they  had  been  in 
many  cases  permitted  to  obtain  exemp> 
tion  from  the  duties  on  presenting  a  piece 
of  plate.  Moit  of  the  drinking -cups  ex- 
hibited, which  arc  of  the  reigns  of  Eliza- 
beth and  James  I.,  bear  inscriptions  re- 
cording  such  exemptions;  and  they  pre- 
sent (commencing  with  a  silver-mounted 
wooden  mazer  of  rather  earlier  date)  a 
very  interesting  series  of  examples  of  plate 
8uch  as  garnished  the  court  cupboard  or 
bufl'et  of  our  ancestors. 

Mr.  Ncbbitt  brought  for  examination  a 
remarkable  relic  of  early  Irish  art,  in  the 
form  of  a  human  arm,  of  metal,  chased 
with  ornaments  of  intricate  interlaced 
work.  This  object  has  been  regarded  as 
a  reliquary,  similar  in  intention  to  the 
gii^'intic  arm  of  silver-gilt  at  Aix-la- 
Cliapelle,  in  which  the  arm-bone  of 
Charlemagne  is  supposed  to  be  encased; 
but  some  antiquaries  8up|)ose  that  it  may 
have  been  an  emblem  of  sovereign  au- 
thority, and  analogous  to  the  hand  which 
in  some  instances  surmounted  the  regal 
sceptre.  It  contains  only  a  stick  of  yew. 
It  has  been  for  many  years  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  family  of  Mr.  Fountaine,  of 
Naiford  Hall,  Norfolk,  by  whose  ancestor, 
who  was  some  years  in  Irelaud  in  the 
reign  of  Uuccu  Anne,  it  may  have  been 
brought  to  England,  and  was  engraved 
some  years  ago  in  the  Vetuita  Munumeuta 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  lu  date 
has  been  auigned  to  the  seventh  century. 


Antiquarian  Reiearchet. 


[Ju 


but  it  is  more  probably  of  the  elereni 
twelfth.  The  extremity  was  fom 
decorated  with  a  rich  jewel  of  g 
mosaic,  of  a  peculiar  kind  of  work  n 
occurs  in  the  enrichmenU  of  the  i 
ancient  Irish  works  in  metal.  Mr.  F 
taine  has  permitted  this  remarkable  S] 
men  of  Irish  skill  in  decoratiTe  m 
work  to  be  transmitted  to  Dablio, 
exhibition  in  the  oollectioa  of  antiqa 
formed  by  Lord  Talbot  de  Malahidc 
connection  with  the  Industrial  Exhibi 
just  opened. 

Mr.  Ncsbitt  gave  also  an  accoun 
various  fine  Sepulchral  Brasses,  which 
come  under  his  notice  in  Poland,  id 
cathedrals  of  Posen  and  Gnesen.  T 
style  differs  materially  from  that  of 
graved  monumental  efllgies  in  Geroi 
and  Flanders. 

Mr.  Augustus  Franks  gave  a  si 
notice  of  a  remarkable  astrolabe  of  bi 
apparently  of  English  workmanship, 
date  being  early  in  the  fourteenth  cent 
and  recently  found  by  him  in  the  Bri 
Museum  amongst  objects  presented 
Sir  Hans  Sloane.  The  Arabic  numc 
engraved  on  this  unique  inatrament,  w| 
presents  one  of  the  earliest  instance! 
their  use  in  Western  Europe,  had  |x>ssj 
led  to  this  unworthy  misappropnatioi 
a  very  curious  relic  of  meaiaeral  sciei 
The  names  of  St.  Donstan,  and  ot 
English  saints,  as  also  the  meacioa 
London,  upon  this  sstroiabe,  joMtiij  I 
conclusion  that  it  was  constrncCed 
England.  Mr.  Morgan  otfered  some  q 
scrvutions  on  the  naCuie  of  this  inst 
ment  and  the  numefoos  uses  to  whic\ 
was  applied,  obsenring  that  the  specin 
now  discovered  was  earlier  in  date,  ( 
more  perfect  in  its  elaborate  const ructi 
than  any  European  astrolabe  known 
him. 

Mr.  Franks  made  the  gratifying 
nounccment,  that  the  entire  colU^ooi 
British  and  Roman  antiquities  and  coi 
found  at  Farley  Heath,  Surrey,  has  b 
presented  to  the  collection  of  Natic 
Antiquities  in  the  British  Museum 
Mr.  llenry  Drummond,  M.P.  the  ow 
of  the  estates.  Mr.  Le  Keux  read  sc 
remarks  on  the  ancient  processes 
punching  and  engraving,  used  for 
decoration  of  armour  and  weapons, 
contrasted  with  casting  and  etching, 
which  the  modern  fabrications  are  p 
duced.  This  last  process  is  altogetbei 
the  preseut  century,  and  the  early  p. 
cesses  are  still  employed  by  the  cutlen 
Tunis,  as  appeared  from  their  prodnctii 
in  the  Great  Exhibition  of  1851. 

The  Rev.  Walter  Sneyd  brought  seva 
beautiful  enamels,  scalpturad  ivori 
chasings    in    metsl,    and    embroidwi 


1853.] 


Antiquarian  Eesearches. 


6S0 


Some  objects  of  interest  were  86ftt  for 
exhibition  by  the  Somerset  Archseologieal 
Society.  Mr.  Norris  sent  a  collection  of 
antiquities,  chiefly  discovered  at  South 
Petherton,  in  the  same  county.  The  Rfer. 
F.  Dyson  produced  bronxe  weapons  atid 
other  relics,  disinterred  from  a  tumului 
in  Wiltshire  by  Mr.  Dyke  Poore.  The 
Rev.  C.  Bingham  brought  a  fine  enamelled 
ring  of  gold,  lately  found  in  Dorset ;  and 
another  curious  ring,  with  an  inscriptioni 
found  in  Exeter,  was  sent  by  Mr.  Smirke. 
Mr.  Salmon  showed  some  antiquities 
from  Glamorganshire,  and  Mr.  Way 
brought  a  Gaulish  coin  of  gold,  lately 
found  near  Reigate,  of  a  type  uncommon 
in  England.  A  collection  of  bronze  celts, 
and  lumps  of  pure  copper  found  with 
them,  at  Danesbury,  near  Welwyn,  Herts, 
were  exhibited  by  Mr.  Blake. 

ARCHiBOLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

April  13.  The  annual  general  meeting 
was  held,  S.  R.  Solly,  esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A. 
Vice-President,  in  the  chair. 

From  the  report  of  the  auditors  it  ap- 
peared that  the  receipts  of  the  past  year 
had  amounted  to  455/.  Ids.  and  the  pay- 
ments to  487/.  Ss.  9d.  leaving  the  Society 
debtor  to  the  Treasurer  in  the  sum  of 
31/.  \2t.  9d. ;  but  this  amount  embraced 
payments  for  illustrations  of  the  Journal 
not  yet  employed,  and  left  no  amount 
unpaid.  Sixteen  associates  had  been  lost 
in  the  year  by  death,  and  two  corre- 
spondents ;  twenty-eight  had  withdrawn  ; 
and  the  Council  had  been  under  the  neces- 
sity of  removing  sixteen  associates  who  had 
failed  to  pay  their  subscriptions ;  whilst 
forty- four  associates  and  three  corre- 
spondents had  been  elected.  An  ad- 
ditional Secretary  was  appointed,  and  the 
Rev.  T.  Hugo,  M.A.  F.S.A.  unanimously 
chosen.  The  Officers  and  Council  for  the 
ensuing  year  were  then  elected,  and  Mr. 
Pettigrew  read  some  interesting  notices 
of  the  deceased  members,  particularly  re- 
cording the  papers  they  had  communicated 
to  the  Association.  The  Members  after- 
wards dined  together  according  to  custom. 

April  27.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  ex- 
hibited two  ancient  rings,  one  of  bronze, 
found  in  a  field  near  Taunton,  the  other 
of  silver,  with  a  device  of  two  hands 
joined,  and  an  intervening  inscription. 
This  was  a  betrothal  ring,  and  had  been 
in  the  possession  of  the  late  Dr.  Ooodall, 
Provost  of  Eton. 

Dr.  Lee  exhibited  some  antiquities  from 
his  museum  at  Hartwell  House,  including 
a  fashioned  stone  found  at  the  Roman 
encampment  near  Biggleswade,  by  some 
conjectured  to  be  a  hone,  by  others  a 
pestle  ;  it  seemed  peculiarly  adapted  for 
sharpening  and  bevelling  the  flint  celte. 


Other  Roman  remains,  beads,  &e.  wer« 
obtained  from  the  same  locality.  Dr« 
Lee  also  exhibited  various  spear-hfeadi 
and  celts,  recently  obtained  from  Sweden, 
and  belonging  to  the  stone  period. 

Mr.  H.  Syer  Cuming  read  a  paper 
'  On  Bronze  Celts,'  illustrated  by  a  variety 
of  specimens.  Mr.  Cuming  contended 
that  the  term  celt  was  derived  from  the 
old  Latin  word  Celie$y  a  graving  tool;  and 
the  Vulgate  (Job,  xiz.  34)  has  eelte 
aeulpantur  in  Uliee. 

A  communication  was  read  fh>m  Thomas 
Wakeman,  esq.  containing  a  description 
of  a  Quakers*  burying-ground  in  Mon- 
mouthshire, with  curious  rhyming  epi« 
taphs  to  the  memory  of  persons  who  had 
died  within  a  few  years  after  the  origin  of 
the  society. 

Thomas  Lott,  esq.  F.S.A.  Iiead  a  paper 
upon  the  parish  and  church  of  AllhaUows, 
Honey  Lane,  interspersed  with  singular 
entries  from  the  old  parish  books,  ante- 
cedent to  the  fire  of  London. 

Mr.  Tucker  exhibited  some  Roman  re- 
mains recently  dug  op  in  Philpot-Iane. 
The  pottery  consisted  of  portions  of  vases, 
mortaria,  amphorae,  and  Samian  ware, 
some  having  the  maker's  name.  There 
were  also  bits  of  glass, — one  of  a  deep 
blue  colour.  Mr.  Griffiths  exhibited  a 
head  of  Christ,  representing  three  faces. 
The  painting  had  been  restored  by  Mr. 
Farrar.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo  exhibited  a 
portion  of  the  British  gold  corslet  foond 
near  Mold,  in  Flintshire,  which  has  been 
engraved  in  the  Archseologia.  Mr.  New- 
ton communicated  a  rubbing  from  a  brass 
met  with  in  removing  a  boarded  floor  in 
the  church  of  Newark,  now  nnder  re- 
storation ;  also,  the  rubbing  from  a  coat 
of  arms,  having  three  triple  crowns  with 
clouds  beneath.  Lord'  Londesborongh 
exhibited  a  helmet  of  the  close  of  £e 
twelfth  century,  which  had  been  for 
centuries  bricked  up  in  a  Norman  ardi 
over  a  tomb  in  a  church  in  Norfolk.  Mr* 
S.  Pratt  of  Bond  Street  also  exhibited  two 
other  helmets, — one  of  the  reign  of  Henry 
in.  the  other  of  the  fonrteenth  century) 
the  latter  having  a  portion  of  the  crest  in 
wrought  iron  still  remaining.  Drawings 
of  these  specimens  have  been  taken  for 
engraving  in  the  Journal  of  the  Associa- 
tion. A  paper  by  the  Rev*  J.  B« 
Gonrrier,  on  the  study  of  Palseography, 
was  read  to  the  Meeting. 

NUMISMATIC  BOClirr  or  LONDON. 

April  28.  The  President,  Lord  Lonto- 
borottgfa  (who  was  in  the  chair),  ezhibitMl 
a  valuable  unique  denarius  of  Oermanloot, 
recently  acquired  by  his  lordship  at  the 
sale  of  Mr.  Sebatier's  coins.  It  is  of  high 
historical  interest,  and  may  be  that  de- 


640 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


tJuB 


1^1 


I   "I 


scribed.  On  the  obverse  is  the  naked  bead 
and  bust  of  Germanicus,  surrounded  by 
his  name  and  titles.  On  the  reverse  are 
two  figures,  behind  one  of  which  is  the 
word  GERM  A  Ni  CVS  ;  behind  the  other, 
ARTAxiAS.  The  former  is  placing  a  tiara 
upon  the  head  of  the  latter.  This  is  a  re- 
presentation of  a  very  interesting  historical 
event,  recorded  by  Tacitus  in  the  second 
book  of  the  Annals.  The  historian  in- 
forms us  that  Germanicus,  during  his 
second  consulate,  after  visiting  various 
places,  partly  for  pleasure  and  partly  for 
political  purposes,  came  to  Armenia,  with 
the  view  of  securing  the  people  of  that 
country  to  a  friendly  disposition  tow^ards 
the  Rowans.  Vonones,  King  of  Armenia, 
being  expelled,  the  people  had  placed  their 
affections  on  Zeno,  the  son  of  Polemou, 
King  of  Pontus*.  Germanicus  very  promptly 
took  advantage  of  the  popular  inclination, 
and  crowned  Zeno  king  under  the  name 
of  Artaxias,  in  allusion,  Tacitus  states,  to 
the  city  Artaxata,  in  which  the  ceremony 
took  place.  The  coin  is  well  preserved, 
and  affords  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
examples  of  the  importance  of  the  study 
of  numismatics. 

Mr.  Akermau,  in  a  letter  to  the  Pre- 
sident, called  attention  to  a  new  type  of 
the  halfpenny  of  Edward  III.,  which  he 
exiiibited,  the  peculiarity  of  the  piece  being 
the  privy  marks  placed  by  the  moneyer 
upon  it. 

Mr.  Webster,  in  a  pa))er  by  Mr.  Bergne, 
gave  a  new  and  curious  interpretation  of 
thc!  monocfram  on  the  coins  of  Egbert 
(Ruding,  pi.  M,  Nos.  2  and  ^i).  Mr. 
Webster,  instead  of  reading  it  oorob.c, 
as  though  it  had  been  struck  at  Dover, 
thinks  it  is  nothing  more  than  a  cypher, 
containing  the  monarch's  name. 

Mr.  Roach  Smith  exhibited  a  gold  Bri- 
tish coin  from  the  cabinet  of  W.  H.  Rolfe, 
esq.  of  Sandwich,  who  has  very  recently 
added  it  to  his  valuable  collection.  It  is 
of  novel  type.  Ou  the  obverse  is  a  horse, 
and  above  it  the  letters  eimm  ;  below  a 
flower-like  ornament.  On  thc  reverse, 
with  a  pearled  cirt-lc,  com.f.  The  work- 
manship is  good,  as  is  the  case  of  most 
of  the  British  coins  struck  by  tributary 
j>rinces.  Tlic  legend  is  usually  read  as 
Eppillus  Comii  Filius  (Eppillus,  the  son 
of  Comius),but  considerable  doubt  is  still 
attached  to  this  and  to  other  interpreta- 
tions of  the  inscriptions  on  British  coins. 
This  interesting  specimen  belongs  to  one 
of  the  series  entirely  omitted  in  the  Monu- 
meuta  Hintoricn  Britannicat  to  which 
glaring  neglect  Mr.  Evans  called  the  at- 
tejition  of  the  Society  at  a  former  meeting. 

Mr.  Webstor  laid   before   the  meeting 
some  very  rare  Celtic  coins  and  fine  ex- 
ample*? «)f  Koman  denarii,  and  Mr.  Pfistcr 
9 


communicated  notes  on  some  unoomi 
medieral  medals. 

Mr.  Vauz,  one  of  the  Honorary  Se 
taries,  then  read  a  paper  on  a  coUecdo 
coins  lately  brought  to  England  by 
Emerson  Tennant,  Bart.,  in  whidi 
pointed  out  their  peculiarities,  and 
place  which  they  occupy  in  One 
numismatics.  Mr.  Vaax  stated  that  all 
local  coinage  of  Ceylon,  hitherto  dii 
vered,  belongs  to  a  period  between  i 
1050  and  a  d.  1320,  and  this  was  a 
markable  fact,  as  on  the  adjacent  co 
uent  of  India  a  complete  series  of  mo 
had  been  obtained  under  various  It 
princes  or  dynasties,  extending  from 
third  century  b.c.  to  the  present  tis 
The  coins  procured  by  Sir  E.  Tennent  i 
sent  specimens  of  all  the  known  ra 
except  one ;  are  in  excellent  preaervati 
and  shew  by  the  aerugo  which  still  adbi 
to  them,  that  they  must  all  have  b 
found  together.  They  are  perfectly  h 
ble,  and  exhibit  the  names  of  the  diffei 
rajas  in  Sanscrit  characters*  the  date 
which  is  confirmed  by  rock  inscripti 
found  in  the  same  island.  Mr.  Vaux, 
conclusion,  stated  that  he  was  oonrin 
there  was  no  foundation  for  the  hypotlM 
maintained  by  some,  and  illustrated 
Mr.  Dickenson  in  more  than  one  papa 
thc  Numismatic  Journal,  that  the  so-ca] 
** Fiuh'hook  money**  had  any  lood  c 
rency  in  Ceylon.  On  these  specimens  t 
inscriptions  are  invariably  in  the  Frrsi 
or  Arabic  character,  while  on  tJie  ai 
doubted  money  of  Ceylon  the  legends  ai 
as  they  ought  to  be,  as  infariably 
Sanscrit.   . 

SOCIETY  OF  ANTiaUAKlES  OF  NKW< 
CASTLR-UPON-TYNB. 

May  4.  John  Chiyton,  esq.  exhibi 
a  gold  signet  ring  and  a  brass  coin  of  Cc 
modus,  which  had,  a  few  days  before,  b 
discovered  near  the  south  gateway  of 
station  of  Boreovicus  (Hoosesteads),  si 
ated  in  the  central  region  of  the  Ron 
Wall.  The  ring  is  adapted  for  a  ms 
finger,  and  is  but  slightly  put  out  of  sh 
by  the  hardships  it  has  undergone.  1 
stone  is  of  a  greenish  hue,  and  is  proba 
artificial  t  the  figure  engraved  upon  il 
of  an  Egyptian  type.  Near  to  the  s 
where  the  ring  was  found,  a  gold  penda 
such  as  ladies  wear  in  the  ear,  was  dis 
vered  last  autumn.  The  coin,  found 
the  same  place,  adds  interest  to  tb 
other  objects.  It  is  a  singularly  fine  spc 
men  of  art,  and,  happily,  is  as  perfect 
when  it  left  the  die.  It  bears  date  in  i 
third  consulship  of  the  emperor,  whi 
answers  to  the  year  181  of  oar  era.  Co 
modus  was  a  fourth  time  consul  in  11 
Mr.  Clayton  referred  to  the  fact,  vai 


1853.] 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


641 


tioned  tn  Dr.  Brace's  History  of  the 
Roman  Wall,  that  in  the  reign  of  Com- 
moduB  the  Britons  broke  through  the  wall 
in  the  north  of  England,  killed  the  general, 
ruined  the  army,  an  J,  in  their  ravages^ 
carried  everything  before  them.  It  can- 
not be  doubted  that  these  treasures  were 
deposited  in  the  bed  from  which  they  have 
jost  been  taken  at  this  period,  aod  io  con- 
acquence,  probahJy»  of  the  massacre  of 
their  owners.  The  coiii»  which  is  so  fresh 
as  to  forbid  the  idea  of  its  having  been 
long  in  circulation,  fixes  the  time  of  the 
outbreik  to  the  period  between  A.D.  181 
and  1 8a. 

Dr.  Bruce  next  read  a  paper  by  Mr. 
Hodgton  Hinde  upon  Horsley's  allocation 
of  the  miscellaneoua  nofUia  stations  m  the 
north  of  England,  The  great  North um. 
brian  antiquary  was  singularly  successful 
id  ascertaining  tbe  R-omaii  desigDation  of 
the  fort^  on  the  line  of  tbe  wall,  but  sub- 
sequent antiqiiades  are  not  satisfied  with 
bis  allocation  of  the  other  camps  under 
the  charge  of  the  Dtike  of  Britain  men- 
tioned in  tbe  natiiia,  Mr.  Hinde^'s  paper 
u  a  valuable  contribution  towards  a  more 
accu  rate  adjust  mentofthem.  It  proceeds 
upoti  the  principle  that  the  unascertained 
stations  will  be  found  arranged  in  the  no- 
iifia  list  in  order  as  regular  as  that  of  the 
mural  staHons,  The  list  begins  with  the 
sixth  legion,  whose  head  quarters  were 
York,  The  prefect  of  the  Dalmatiao  horse 
is  represented  as  being  stationed  at  Prie- 
sidium.  The  word  prmtidio  is,  however, 
most  likely  not  a  proper  name,  but  ought 
to  be  translated  "  in  the  garrison  '*  at  York. 
The  sixth  legion  being  frequently  called 
into  active  service  in  various  parts  of  tbe 
Nortb  of  England,  it  was  aecessory  to  have 
a  permanent  guard  at  York^  and  this  duty 
was  probably  performed  by  the  Dalmatian 
horse.  Danum,  the  next  station*  we  know 
from  other  sources  to  be  Dancaster }  Mor- 
bium,  Arbeia,  Dictis,  and  Concangiimi 
will  probably  be  found  betweeo  the  lati- 
tudes of  Doncaster  and  Stainmoor ;  Lava- 
tds  is  Bowes ;  Verteris  and  Braboniacum 
are  Brough  and  Kirbythorc-  The  remain- 
ing stations  will  probably  be  found  between 
Stainmoor  and  tbe  Wall ;  Longovicum  being 
Lauohetter,  and  Derventio,  Ebchester. 
The  principal  diiiculty  as  to  the  allocation 
of  Derventio  to  Ebch ester  is  that  this  sta- 
tion occurs  under  the  name  of  V^indomora 
in  the  Itinerary  of  Antoninus.  Amongst 
other  methods  of  removing  this  objection , 
the  following  suggestion  may  be  made  :— 
The  Roman  road,  which  goes  by  Ebches- 
ter»  was  undoubtedly  made  before  the  camp 
w«a  built^  for  it  passes  it  at  a  distance  of 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile.     Vindo- 

i'a  may  have  been  the  name  of  an  an- 

it  village  or  halting- pi  ace  on  the  hank 

Sent.  Mao,  Vol.  XXXIX. 


of  the  Derwcnt*  near  to  Ebehester,  where 
some  altars  and  other  Roman  relics  were 
discovered  not  long  ago,  and  Derventio 
may  be  the  name  of  the  fort  sobsequently 
erecled.  The  paper  concluded  with  some 
ingenious  conjectures  as  to  the  allocation 
of  the  stations  occurring  between  Tun  no- 
celum  and  Virosidtim. 


ESSEX  ARCH^QLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

April  19.  A  meeting  of  this  society, 
the  institution  of  which  we  noticed  ici  our 
November  number,  p.  493,  was  held  at 
the  Shire-hall^  Chelmsford,  John  Dlinejp 
esq.  the  Presidentj  in  the  chair*  It  was 
announced  that  C,  G.  Round,  esq.  has 
offered  part  of  tbe  Cflstle  of  Colchester  as 
a  receptacle  for  the  Society's  museum: 
and  several  papers  were  read.  The  first 
was  by  Mr.  F.  Chancellor,  describing  a 
Roman  villa  found  in  Chelmsford  in  the 
autumn  of  IB49.  It  was  traced  through 
several  apartment;3|  one  of  which  had  been 
erected  over  a  bypoeamst  formed  of  ptlKf 
or  short  columns  constructed  of  tiles  nine 
inches  square.  Of  these  columns  twenty- 
nine  were  found.  The  room  terminated 
ill  a  semi-circle  of  twenty  feet  diameter ; 
and  in  it  w^erc  discovered  fragments  of 
tessellated  pavement,  numerotts  coins, 
pieces  of  glass,  iron  wall-hooks,  pottery, 
paiuted  plaHte::r,  ike.  At  another  spot  oc- 
curred several  bone  hair-pins,  a  metal 
bracelet,  and  fragments  of  tictile  ware. 
Among  the  last  was  a  remarkable  tile, 
upon  the  face  of  which  in  relief  are  figures 
of  wolves  Attacking  stags,  with  some  let- 
ters hitherto  un deciphered.  Another  tUe 
of  the  same  pattern  was  found  some  IS  or 
H  years  ago  in  the  walls  of  Ashstead 
church,  Surrey,  which  are  partially  built 
of  Roman  mntertat^,  and  it  is  engraved  in 
Braylcy's  History  of  that  county. 

Dr.  Bell  of  London  communicated  an 
Essay  on  the  Sphynx  found  in  IB^l  at 
Colchester  (and  engraved  in  our  Magazine 
for  February  1822),  compating  tc  with  a 
bronze  statue  found  at  Tborda  in  Hun* 
gary,  which  also  represents  a  spbyox  ac- 
companied by  the  mangled  rematnd  of  a 
human  body. 

Two  short  communications  were  read 
from  J.  A,  Reptoo,  esq.  of  Springfield, 
near  Chelmsford;  the  first  accompanying 
a  drawing  of  the  doorway  of  Withatn 
church  ;  and  the  other  contaioing  observ- 
ations on  the  forms  of  ancient  urns. 

H.  L.  King, 'esq.  Secretory  of  the  Anti- 
quarian Etching  Club,  communicated  a 
paper  containing  extracts  from  some  an- 
cient Essex  Wills,  selected  os  illustrating 
the  manners,  customs,  and  state  of  society 
in  the  county  during  the  15tb  and  16th 
centuries. 

Mr.  Buckler,  architect,  of  Shni£elil| 
4  N 


642 


rtftd  ui  tcoount  of  some  f^eaoo  fwintlngt 
duoownd  in  the  ■etni-oirciiUr  ipie  of  the 
•bttrvh  of  Eut  Ham.  Thef  are  of  earl^r 
dite  ind  mora  than  ordio&ry  beautf ,  bat 
have  unfortunitely  been  re-touched,  eince 
their  diioovery,  by  a  lealoai  but  ill -jud|f- 
inf  hoiuo-peinter.  Mr»  Buckler,  who  con- 
liders  them  to  have  beeo  produced  in  the 
beginning  of  the  13th  century,  describes 
them  as  coniiiting  of  three  portione:  1, 
lifa-fize  fi^ref  painted  on  the  eaiteni  wall 
of  the  chancel,  on  the  spandrils  of  the  arch 
which  opens  into  the  apse :  'I*  on  the  loffit 
of  kho  mrct,  at  the  extreme  top,  a  portrait, 
Rod  descendiog,  on  either  aide,  to  the 
ftbaom  moulding  a  variety  of  icrollt,  mostly 
termioatmir  with  the  trefoil  leaf  accurately 
■od  boldly  delineated  in  a  deep  rnd  colour  : 
thii  pattern  waj  also  inclosed  in  a  border 
now  indistinct ;  3.  the  wall  of  the  tipse 
and  the  reveals  of  the  windows  were  dia. 
pered  with  red  lines,  representing  the  joints 
of  majonry^  and  in  the  centre  of  each  block 
or  tfjuure,  a  five'leaved  rosette  of  the  aame 
oolour. 

The  Rev.  E,  L.  Cutti,  the  Secretary, 
afterwards  read  some  e\traets  from  the 
naeinoranda  contained  in  three  old  alma- 
nacki  of  the  reign  of  James  11.  and  Wil- 
liam and  Mary,  relating  to  mattcri  con- 
nected with  the  neighbourhood  of  Kelvedon 
and  CoggeihalL 

morAt  flOCIKTY  OF   NOUTHRR-M 
ANTICIUARIES. 

On  the  evening  of  the  21st  of  March  t 
this  society  held  its  annual  lueeting  in  the 
private  roomfi  of  his  Danish  Majesty »  who 
was  himself  pleased  to  take  the  chair,  in 
the  Falaoe  of  Christiaritiborg.  The  secre- 
tary, Stele- Co  un  oil  lor  Rafn,  made  several 
obeerrationt  on  the  remarkable  coin- 
cidence that  io  the  same  century  (the 
ninth)  the  Northmen  discovered  fceleod 
and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  Ratiian 
kingdom.  He  alto  dwelt  oq  the  Itinera- 
.  rium  from  Iceland  to  Jeraaalem  of  Abbot 
Nioholai,  in  the  twelfth  century*  which 
bad  enabled  him  to  identify  tome  proper 
namea  in  Paleslinian  geography  hitherto 
misunderstood.  The  stone  lately  dit- 
oovtred  in  St.  PauPe  churchyard,  London 
(see  our  February  Msgaaine,  p.  187),  waa 
the  teamed  secretary^  next  subject.  A 
cast  had  been  forwarded  by  the  architect, 
Mr.  Knowles,  and  by  its  help  n  slight 
iiDprovement  was  made  on  the  reading* 
The   whole    inscription  is    konalu    let 

UmiA    9TIN    TyKNSl    AtJR    TtlKt  (Koiiall 

tot  lay  this  stone,  and  Tuki).  Ko nail  is 
an  Irish  nama  frequent  in  the  old  North, 
sereral  of  that  family  having  emigrated 


Aniiptarian  Researehe» 


from   Irelsnd   to    Iceland    ta 
times.     Tnki  is  also  a  oommoii  NofI 
name,  especially  in  Denmark,  and  ii 
Queot  on  Scandinavian  rune- stones. 
famous  Danish  cbief*  Palna-Toke^ 
Fyen,  by  marriage   and    iuberitaa 
tained  an  earldom  iu  Breilaiid 
and   Herr  Rafn  showed    that  tli 
stone  in  question  waa  probnbly  er< 
one  of  his  descendants,  the 
who  is  mentioned  ao  oflmi  in  old  1 
documents  under  Canute .  flee. 

His    Majesty  afterwards 
paper  written  by  himself,  which ^ 
hh  views  on  the   manner  of 
immcDie  flat  itonea  oorwrm^  thm% 
■tone  chambers,    His  Migcaty  i  ~ 
these  could  not  have  been  lif 
ported  by  nny  mechanical  npp 
known,  and  haxarded  tba  opifl 
would  seem  to  be   no  less  iog 
probable  and    simple — that 
blocks  (often  meaauring  einhl  t«i 
feet  iu  length)  bsd  been  first  qq  ' 
on  one  side  to  the  depth  of  the  i 
a  side  stone  or  side  wall  iiiaert«d,  the 
the  other  in  the  aami 
behind,  the  whole  made  fsttC  I 
boilt  in  with  small  atooM,  i 
centre  being  hoUowed   out   anil  ' 
removed,  the  grave  mat  waa  ready. 

rOVNTAlNS  ARttET. 

Earl  de  Grey  hae.  during  thttj 
and  spring,  employed  a  gr 
workmen  in  pursuing  the  iali 
cavations  of  Fonutains  Ab" 
discoveries  made  are  oonrfder 
und  curious.     The  paiMF< 
the  nbbat's  house  to  Ibc  •> 
Lady  Chapel  is  now  elsaviKi  w  ■ 
level.     On  its  east  side  h 
doorway,  leading  into  an  < 
ita  west  side  is  the  base  of  a  btttl 
the  Perpendictdar  period,  htirine  •! 
way  from  the  said  passage 
ing  into  the  court  on  the  ^ 
choir.     In  one  corner  is  •*   r»rrijiaf1 
case,  lined  with  bricks,  onoe  leadiBgll 
main  apartment  above  —  for  tbis  baft«  a1 
which  is  a  few  feet  l< 
wss  merely  the  undri 
apartments  above.     From    tLc 
corner  buttress  of  the    Lady    < 

the  north-west  r -  ■  *'  tbe   •(*[>»!« 

has  run  a  well  >  apecui^t  c 

south  of  the  I^t  ,  '  ■  ,  >  trom  ib#  i 
cemetery,  which  iias  brvn  on  the  east  i 
Eight  coffin  slabs,  of  differc^ttt  ajn*» 
designs,  have  been  found   i  | 

tjons   in   the  ceniotry,   m  ,i* 

feet  of  the  enst  wall  of  the  i.«uy  c  i 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


The  Empress  Eugenie  bas  aaffered  a 
miiCBTTiflge,  which  for  the  present  lias 
disappointed  the  hope  of  mn  heir  apporeut 
to  the  BoonpArte  dfoastj.  On  the  29th 
April  it  mns  jtnnottnced  that  she  was  **  no 
longer  in  dsnger  from  the  accident  which 
threatened  her  health/' 

In  Holland  a  recent  change  of  Eninlsters 
and  an  sbrupt  closing:  of  the  Chambers 
have  been  followed  by  their  dissnlutioa. 
The  session  is  to  be  opened  on  the  14th 
June.  The  cabinet,  whose  programoie  has 
not  been  favourably  received,  h&s  been 
completed  by  the  creation  of  a  new  mitiis- 
ter,  that  of  Public  Works. 

A  partial  change  has  taken  place  in  the 
DnnUh  ministry,  into  which  the  Council- 
lor Oersted  hAS  been  admitted.  It  is 
thoufht  that  tt  the  elections  shortly  to 
occur ,  consequent  upon  the  dissolution  of 
the  Chambers,  men  similar  to  the  late 
members  will  be  returned  ;  a  modification 
of  the  conslitutioD  is  therefore  antictpatcd* 

The  last  intelligence  from  Burmoh  tt- 
latei  tlut  8ir  John  Cheape^  having  marched 
0«t  from  Fro  me  with  a  force  of  1 ,500  meti, 
in  quest  of  the  robber  chief  Mreuh  Toon* 
came  in  front  of  hi&  principal  stronghold 
on  the  l9tli  of  March.  The  resistance  was 
determined  and  protracted,  and  Meesb 
Toon  unfortunately  escaped.  Operations 
commenced  at  nine  a.  m*  and  lasted  four 
hours.  We  had  1 8  killed  and  %\  wounded ; 
amongst  the  former  were  Lieut.  Taylor, 
9th  Madras  K.  Inf.  and  Ensign  Borieau, 
^th  Bengal  K.  lof. ;  amongst  (he  Utter 
Majors  Wigstooe»  Reid»  and  Armstrong  ; 
Lieuts.  Cock  burn,  Rawlins,  Wilkinson, 
CUrke,Woodwright,Magrath,  oud  Trevor ; 
and  Ensign  Woolley.  This  heavy  loss  was 
caused  chiefly  by  the  brass  three-noundera 
which  were  abaodotted  by  the  lamented 
Capt.  Lochia  expeditions  on  the  6th  of 
February,  and  which  falling  into  Meeah 
Toon's  hands,  were  mounted  by  him  on 
his  stock  adet. 

The  young  Maharajah  Dhnleep  Sing 
WAS  formally  Admitted  into  the  Christian 
Church  by  baptism  on  the  tith  April  at 
Fatty  gb  or,  by  the  lie  v.  W.  Jay,  the  chap- 
lain of  that  station*  The  young  prince  is 
now  aiKteen  years  of  age. 


The  insurrection  which  commenced  tn 
China  about  three  years  ago  appears  to  be 
making  rapid  progress.  *Tbe  last  accounts 
represent  the  left  wing  of  the  insurgents, 
or  perhaps  more  corretitly  their  army  of 
the  Westj  to  be  at  the  city  of  Wosangf 
and  their  right  wing,  or  army  of  the  East, 
beMeging  Nankin,  four  hundred  miles  dis- 
tant. Both  cities  lie  on  the  Yang-tsc- 
Kiang,  a  great  river,  navigable  for  450 
miles,  or  as  far  as  the  tide  reaches, — far 
superior  therefore  in  usefulness  to  any 
other  river  of  Asia.  Running  from  west 
to  east  it  divide  China  into  two  almost 
equal  parts,  leaving  the  largest  portion  of 
the  populutton  and  most  of  the  seaboard 
to  the  so nt hero  half.  The  insurgents  are 
represented  as  already  in  possession  of 
thi«  better  half  of  the  empire,  a  slip  of 
seaboard  excepted,  and  of  the  grand  navi- 
gable canal  wulch  connects  the  Yank^tse- 
Kiaog  with  the  second  great  river  of 
China,  the  Hoang^ho  or  Yellow  River, 
and  afterwards  with  the  capital  of  the 
empire.  The  insurgents  are,  in  fact,  on 
the  high  road  to  Pekin,  from  which  their 
left  wing  is  distant  75t),  and  their  right 
700  miles.  In  its  distress  and  bumtliatJOD 
the  Imperial  court  has  called  upon  the 
**  outer  barbariADs*'  to  come  to  its  rea- 
eue ;  and  the  representatives  of  England, 
Prance,  and  America,  with  a  considerable 
nsval  force,  have  repaired  to  the  port  of 
Shanghai,  which  is  but  160  miles  dtataot 
from  the  right  wing  of  the  insurgent  army. 
The  Tartar  govern ment  of  China  has  been 
tottering  for  many  years,  and  indeed  it  is 
only  by  dexterous  yielding  that  it  bu 
lasted  so  long.  The  Mogul  dynasty  of 
Tartars  had  endured  only  132  years  in  the 
northern  provinces  of  the  empire,  and  but 
82  in  the  southern  ;  but  the  present  has 
kated  237  years.  Although  the  fall  of  the 
Manchjos  was  perhaps  inevitable,  there 
is  not  the  least  doubt  but  that  we  our* 
selves,  by  our  victories  over  it,  snd  by  our 
exaction  of  near  6,000,000/. — depriving  it 
of  the  resourcea  for  delbice,  and  forcing 
it  upon  nn popular  means  of  getting  others 
to  replace  them, — have  contributed  moat 
materially  to  hasten  it. 


644 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


The  Second  Eeadiog  of  the  Canada 
Citrgy  Retfirves  Bill  passed  the  House  of 
Lords  on  the  25th  April  by  a  iwajorily  of 
117  to  77.  On  the  i&th  the  Jewish  Dita^ 
bUititt  Bill  was  thrown  oat  (for  a  fourth 
time)  by  164  to  1 15,  a  majority  larger  Lhani 
on  any  former  occasion* 

On  the  19th  ^ay  the  first  stone  of  a 
new  edi5ce  for  the  Diocesan  Traininff 
Oilhffe  at  Ejreier  was  isidl  by  Sir  John 
Kennaway,  Burt,  in  the  presence  of  the 
Bishop  of  Ejceter*  At  the  dinner  which 
ensued,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Chancellor  Martin 
remarked  tbat  tbis  school  had  be^en  first 
founded  by  Sir  Thomas  Aclnnd  in  the  year 
1838.  Sir  Joho  Kaye  Shuttleworth,  in  a 
recent  work,  had  made  a  slight  raUtake  io 
Stating  that  the  irst  training  college  wai  at 
Battersem.  It  was  in  Oct.  1S38  that  the 
establishment  of  the  Training  School  at 
Bieter  was  arranged  at  a  Large  and  in- 
floentiiil  meeting  held  in  that  city.  In  Oct. 
1839  Dr.  Martin  was  appointed  to  the 
office  of  Principal,  and  in  Feb.  1840  the 
school  commenced  with  several  8tudent3j 
iO  tbat  they  anticipated  iheTraialng  Scboal 
at  Battersea.  The  Exeter  School  *  tboogh 
not  established  in  accordance  with  the  di* 
rections  of  Government,  liad  been  favour- 
ably reported  upon  by  her  Majesty 'a  in- 
ipectors,  and  is  now  the  training  school  for 
Devon  aod  Cornwall. 

On  the  ISth  May  the  opening  look  place 
of  the  united  lines  of  Rail «  ay  from  Thirsk 
to  Malton,  and  from  Multon  to  Driffieldi 
the  result  of  a  combination  of  two  schem&i 
first  set  OQ  foot  more  than  seven  years  ago. 
It  passes  through  the  very  heart  of  the 
Yorkshire  wold^,  along  the  wcatern  side  of 
the  great  vale  of  Pickering,  and  through 
the  vale  of  Gilling  and  Mowbray,  to  a  junc- 
tion with  the  York,  Newcastle,  and  Ber- 
wick main  line  near  Thirsk.  It  cfftcti  a 
saving  of  twenty -two  miles  by  rail  between 
Hull  and  %Vhitby,  thirty  between  Hull  and 
Malton,  and  brings  Beverley  ten  miles 
nearer  to  York,  und  twenty-two  nearer  to 
all  the  North  Riding  and  Newcastle.  The 
country  it  passes  through  is  peculiarly  pic* 
turesque  and  interesting,  as  perhaps  no 
other  district  of  England  has  its  geogra* 
phical  and  geological  features  more  dis- 
tinctly marked. 


igtic  ttoo-JB 
ike  o^WI 


Tht  lat€  Duke  of  Wellm^iQm*9  1 
In  consequence  of  tbe  determuistlel 
the  Earl  of  Derby,  the  Right  Hoo-I 
jannn  Disraeli,  and  the  Sp 
House  of  Comtnoas,  to  renoa 
ecutorship  of  the  late  Duke 
ton's  will,  letters  of  admlQistratioa  I 
been  granted  by  the  Prerogative  CoQil 
the  present  Duke.  The  will  was  wril 
upwards  of  thirty 'five  years  agv>,  with  1 
promptitude  and  decision  which  rasi 
almost  every  act  of  his  Grace *s  life,  fal 
the  same  time  dtsptays  evident  trmeesof 
agitation  under  which  it  was  drawn 
It  is  dated  Feb.  17,  1818,  and  was  wri 
in  Paris  by  the  Duke  hintself,  who  i 
for  that  circumstance  in  the 
remark,  which  forms  the  pr 
*' An  attempt  having  been  mad«J 
sassinate  me  on  the  night  of  the  K 
(Feb.  10,  1818).  which  may  be 
with  success,  and  being  desirous  of  | 
my  worldly  affairs*  and  there  being  i 
fessional  person  in  Paris  to  whomi 
entrust  the  task  of  drawing  mj  wtll 
draw  it  myself  in  my  own  handwr 
His  Grace  directs  that  sn  annnity  of  | 
shall  be  paid  to  his  second  soo«| 
Charles  Wellesley,  who.  however, 
option  of  claiming  a  sum  of  20,0(i0i^ 
equivalent  Money  is  directed  to  I 
out  in  the  purchase  of  an  esUtc,  wlB 
together  with  Apsley  House  and  it»  c 
tent8»  are  given  to  the  present  Duk^ 
life,  with  remainder  over  to  his  issue, 
in  default  of  issue  to  Lord  Charles^ 
lesley  and  his  issue,  in  like  manne^ 
case  of  the  death  of  both  without^ 
male,  the  property  is  directed  to  | 
the 'descendants  of  the  brothers 
testator.  Certain  personal  estate,  j 
his  Grace  designates  as  *'  money  | 
me  by  the  natioQ,**  or  any  eatat 
may  be  purchased  with  such  moneys 
directed  to  pass  under  trusts  Tcrf  ^iak 
to  those  of  the  foregoing  prop 
House  first  going  to  the  child 
Duke,  and  on  their  deaths, 
issue,  to  tbe  children  of  his  brothc 
wording  of  the  will  is  very  iorolved 
the  re^idue^  which,  owing  to  the 
time,  must  have  greatly  aecumuUtdd 
undisposed  of. 


64ft 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS.  &c. 


March  20.  Sir  Winiam  St.  LAurence  Clarke, 
of  Rosstnore,  co.  Cork.  Bart,  and  Dame  Elijta- 
betli  Barbirat  liis  wife,  to  take  ihe  name  and 
*rm«of  Travers,  in  compliADce  witlt  Iba  desire 
of  John  Moore  Travers,  late  of  Clifton,  in  the 
Slid  county,  f^q.  deceased,  father  of  the  said 
Datne  Eiiiabeth  Barbara. 

Aptilng.  7th  DrairooQ  Guards,  Mijor-G en. 
Lord  Sandys  to  be  ColoneL— 56th  Foot,  Capt. 
A,  W*  Byles  to  he  Mfljor.~59th  Fool,  Major 
H.  H.  Graliam  to  he  Lieut. -Colonel ;  brevet 
Mfljor  A.  E.  Burraester  to  he  Major.— 801  h 
Foot,  Major  IL  G.  Hughes  to  be  Lieut-Colonel  ; 
Oipt.  S,  T*  Christie  to  b*  Major.— Brevet, 
Captain  IL  Hebden^  of  the  1st  West  India 
Kef^iment*  to  be  Major  and  Lieut.-Calonel  in 
the  Army.—iamea  Meade«  esq.  to  be  Provoat 
Mari^hal  for  the  island  of  Montserrat— John 
PqwohII  Dale.  efiq.  to  be  a  Menib<»r  of  the 
Lepslatire  Council  of  the  Falkland  Islands. 

May '2.  John  Guthrie,  esq.  to  be  Sub-Col- 
lector of  Cu^tomaaud  LaodhiifSetrveyor  at  the 
e)rt  of  Gcelong:,  in  the  colony  of  Vlcloriat  afid 
ichard  Down,  esq.  to  be  Landing  Surveyor 
for  that  colony— JoliD  Wardlaw.  esq.  late 
Lieutenant  in  East  India  Comimny's  service, 
to  be  Exon  of  the  Yeomen  of  tlie  Guard!,  vice 
Capt.  W.  L»  Grants  resig^ned. 

Majf  3«  Henry  Francis  Howard,  esq.  (now 
Secretary  of  Lej^ation  at  Lierlin)  to  b«  Envoy 
Ejttr.  aod  Miniiter  Flenip.  to  the  Emperor  of 
BraaiL 

Mav  6,  Mib  Foot  J  Major-Geo,  Lawreoce 
Anrurmbau,  C-B.  to  be  Cdlonel. 

Maj^  IL  Sholto  Jamo!)  Ooeg'las,  eaq.  to  be 
Sobstitute-Procoreurand  Advucate-Oeneral  for 
the  IsUnd  of  Mauritius.— Charles  Fasley,  esq. 
Lieut.  K.  Unf.  to  be  Colonial  Engineer  for  the 
colony  of  Victoria. 

M&jt  la.  Lord  Bel  haven  to  be  Hli^b  Com- 
missioner to  the  General  Assenibly  of  the 
Cbnrcb  of  Scotland,— Frederick  William  Slade, 
esq.  Thomas  Chiaholm  Austey,  esq.  and 
Thomas  Borrow  Durchsra.  esq.  to  be  Coin- 
misaionera  for  the  purpose  of  makioy  inquiry 
into  the  riiatence  of  corrupt  practices  at  the 
laat  election^  and  at  previous  elections,  for  the 
dty  of  Canterbury.— Frederic  Solly  Flood,  esq. 
JoDO  De«de9,  es<).  and  William  Baltol  Brett, 
nq.  to  be  Commiislonrrs  for  the  purpose  of 
JUtitini^  inquiry  into  the  exiatence  of  corrupt 
practjcca  at  the  last  election,  and  at  former 
elections,  for  the  boroui^h  of  Kiu^tfon-upon- 
HuU.— Kobert  Williams,  esq*  to  be  an  la- 
spector  of  Coal  Mines,  in  the  room  of  WiUinm 
Lancaster,  resi^ford* 

May  13,  7 1  at  Foot.  Capt.  Robert  Francis 
Hunter  to  be  Major.— Brevet.  Lieut.  John  Pitt 
Kennedy,  Hth  Li^ht  Dragoons  < local  Major  In 
tbe  Ea^t  Indiea).  to  have  tlie  local  mnk  of 
Lieut.-Colonel  in  that  country, 

Maif  14.  Johu  Gardiner  Auattni  eaq.  to  be 
Immifratiou  Ag;eiit>Gcnera]  for  the  cotony  of 
Britisn  Guiina. 

Maf  17.  TOtb  Foot.  Major-General  William 
Jervois  to  be  Colonel. 

ifffV  70.  42d  Foot,  brevet  Major  Thomas 
Tullocb  to  be  Major.- Brevet,  Capt.  John 
Macdonald  to  be  Major  and  Lieut. -GolOQel  in 
tbe  Army. 


Durham  Militia.  Lord  Vtscoant  Sealiam  to  be 
Lieut. -Col.  Commandant  j  John  Eden,  esq.  to 
be  Major.— Ebsex  Rifles,  Capt.  John  Richard 
Groves,  late  of  ILAL  Rifle  Brigade,  to  be 
Maiur,— South  Herts  Yeomanry  Cav.  Capt. 
T.  P.  H  alley  to  be  Major.— Hung-erford  Yeo- 
manry Cavalry,  Capt.  G.  Willes  to  he  Maior. 
—Kent  Militia  Re^fiment  of  Artillery,  vis- 
count Sidney  to  be  Colonel ;  Major  J.  F.  Cator, 
from  West  Kent  Milihii,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel  i 
Hon.  C  S.  llardinfce  to  be  Major.— £a«t  Kent 
Militia,  William  Mouins,  esq.  to  be  Major- 
West  Kent  Militia,  Capt.  G.  R.  Stevenson  to 
be  Major.- Artillery  Rejft.  of  Royal  Lancashire 
Militia.  Capt.  James  Bourne,  from  the  9d 
Refft.  to  be  Major.— 4 lb  or  Bauth  Middlesex 
l^lilitia,  Lieut.-Col.  Edward  Richard  Bagot, 
haUpay  unatt,  to  he  Lieut.-Col.  CommaDdsnt  ; 
Major  Charles  Tyndale,  Major  unatt.  late  51at 
Liglit  Inf.  and  John  ^criven,  eaa.,  late  Slat 
Lifitht  Jnfautry,  to  be  Majors.— 5 tb  Middlesex 
Militia,  Hon.  Fred.  W.  C.  Viltiers  to  be  UeuL- 
Colooel  Commandant.  —  Royal  MonmOQth 
Militia,  jllexaiider  Rolls,  esq.  to  be  Major.— 
Nottingham  Hherwood  Hangers,  Citpt.  Samttel 
William  Weiatt  to  be  Major.— East  SutTolk 
Militia,  Artillery  Corps,  Robert  Alex.  SUafto 
Adair,  esq.  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 


2d  Bucks  Yeomanry  Cavalry.  Capt.  Brown- 
low  Knox  to  be  Major, — Cornwall  and  Devon 
Miners  Militia,  Sir  Colmaa  Raohleigb,  Bart. 
to  be  Lie Dt. -Cot.  Commandant.— 9d  or  North 


Georige  Deka,  esq.  (late  Solicitor-General  for 
Scotland)  to  be  a  Judg^e  of  tbe  Court  of  Session. 

John  Lewis  Ricardo.  esq.  M.P  has  been 
elected  a  Director  of  the  London  and  Weat^ 
minster  Bank. 

Mr.  Gtiitgt  Shield  to  bo  Depute  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Sesfiicin.  rice  Hay,  resigned ;  and  Mr. 
Wm.  Hamilton  Bell  to  be  Assistant  Clerk,  vj^^e 
Shield. 

J.  Tcmpler,  esq.  to  be  a  Master  of  tbe  Court 
of  Exchequer. 

Graham  Will  more,  esq.  Q.C.  to  be  Judgfe  of 
the  Welb  district  of  County  Coorts. 


Members  returned  to  nerve  in  Parliament. 

Bentiek-OH'Tweed.—iyyiAXei  Coutts  Marjori- 
banks,  eaq.  and  Jabn  forster,  eaq. 

Z.aacdurfrt'.- Thomas  Greene,  e»q- 

Maid*tone,—Vi\\V\iin\  Lee,  esq. 

Tavn/on.— Bir  John  Wm.  Ramsden,  Btrt. 


Naval  FaBFKRMeNTs. 

April  32.    Rear-Admirals  W.  Ward  and  R, 
Elliot  to  be  Vice-Admirali  on  Reserved  Half* 

Kay  ;  Rear- Ad  m.  tbe  Hon.  Sir  F.  B.  R.  Pel  lew, 
:nt.  C.  B.  and  K.C.H.  to  be  Vice-Admiral  of  the 
Blue;  C:apt.  W,  J.  H.  Johnstone  to  be  Rear- 
Admiral  of  the  Blue. 

Lieutenants  John  O.  Batburnt  (1839),  Ed- 
mund H.  Gutinell(lB4l),  of  theSt.  George  ISO, 
ordinary  g:uard-Bhip  at  Devon^tort;  Matthew 
Connolly  {XBV'l)^  and  Robert  Jenkins  (1846),  to 
tbe  rank  of  Commander. 
Capt.  Georg:e  William  Conway   Courtenay 

il828>    to  be  Captnin  Superintendent  of  the 
loyal  Hospital,  Ha^ilar. 

CuDim.  J.  M'Nieli  Boyd  (1850)  to  command 
the  Nerbttdda  12, 

Comm.   William   Abdy    Fellowea  (1850)  to 
command  the  Comus  16. 


ECCLSBIASTIOAI.  PaKPSBUBNTS. 

Rev.  A.  P.  Saunders,  D.D.  to  the  Deanery  of 

Peterborough^ 
Rer.  B.  Blckerstetb  (V.  of  Aylesbury),  to  tb« 

AjYbdeaconry  of  Bucklnf bamshife, 


EcclmasHcal  Pr€f€rmenU — Births. 


646 


Rev.  J.  G««»j  to  be  a  Vicar-Clioral,  Hereford 

CathedniK  _^ 

Rev.  F.  T.  HaversfAJf  to  be  a  vicar-CnoraU 

Hereford  CAlliedrnK  

VLtv.  W.  W.  Berry  (V,  of  Stan  well,  Middle«ex)^ 
to  the  Can  an  rv  of  Mapesbury.  in  the  Cathc- 
drM  CLiirch  of  SI,  PftuI,  London. 
Rev.  W.  U.  Ueonison^  St.  JPiul   PC.  BalBail 

He»lh,  Warwickshire. 
Rev.  li,  HowcottjLlaoMwnyV.  w.  UanvihAfiffeU 

BJ]6sycorn  C.  Carmftrthenisliiro* 
Rev.  ».  Brooke.  Killepvaw  R,  dio.  Qorher, 
Rev.  R.  Eddi^^,  Llroui^Utrin-^ulney  R,  Notti. 
Rev.T.  Ertl  v    Bed*. 

Rev-  H.  i:.  li  '>  R'  Norfolk. 

Rev,  E.C.  K  ''.  dio.  Cork* 

Rev.  J.  KletdKr.Cubliui^tiin  V.  Wirwick*bire. 
Rev.   J.   Ford,  Old  Romuey  R.  w.  Romoty 

Marshr  Kent. 
Rev.  J.    Fori  esc  tie,  St.  Anoe  P.C.  Bewdley, 

Worcestershire. 
Rev.  NV,  Gill,  FuUoxliIll  V.  Beds. 
Rev.  J.  R,  Griffith,  Llaufeler  V.  Carmartbenab. 
Rev.  E.  Gray,  Ahvalroii  R.  Hunla. 
Rev.  E.  J.  Grcyn.  Lelntwarcliiie  V.  Herefordsb. 
Rev.  r.  H.  Ilemln  Uucknall  R.if.  Ba^nallP.C. 

StnlTVirtlstiire. 
Rev.  E,  P.  Hcns$tow,  Netber  Hsin  P.C.  9om. 
Rev.  G,  C.  Hingslon,  Coole  R,  and  Preb.  dio. 

Ctoyne. 
Rev.  S.  Hobaon,  Tutiinfflan  V.  Korfolk. 
Rev.  fJ'  HollandtSt,  Uonstan  V.  Catiterburv, 
Rev.  E.  Holmetiy  Wakerlev  R^Northamptonah. 
Rev.  J.  James,  Avtn)|rton  U.  Berkt, 
Rev.  J.  Jenkyn,  Cawood  PC.  Yorkslnire. 
Rev.  C.  F.  G.  Jciiyn»t  MeUmorn  V.  Caoib. 
Btv.  T.  Lanf^ley,  Ganerevr  R.  HerefordsUire, 
Re? .  J.  Lawrell,  St.  Matthew  P.C.  City  Road, 

London. 
Rev.  C.  B.  Lovr«,  Duddinf^tonP.C.  Nortbampt. 
Rev.  J.  B.  Maprenis,  Great  Horke^ley  R.  Essex. 
R*v.   F.  T.  Margetts,  St.  John  V.  Duxfbrd. 

Cambridfreshire. 
Bev.  A.  C,  Neelf,  Ash  ton  V.  Northatoptooib. 
Rev,  T.  Openabaw,  Brackenfield  P.C.  Derby»h. 
Rev*  G.  Plddock.  Stoneiby  V.  Leicestershire. 
Rev,   A.   Povab,  Lectureship  of  fit.  Andrew 

Undershaft*  London. 
Rev.  W.  F.  Rawea,  St.  John  P.C  Wembley, 

Middiefie%. 
Rev.   H.  S.   RiclimoDd,  Riaiing^Lon-Wick  R. 

Gloucestershire. 
Rev,  T.  H.  Siely,  Lackford  VL  Suffolk. 
Rev.  T.  F.  Stooka«  St,  Anne  P.C.  Hig:bffate- 

Rise,  St.  PancrftM,  Middluaejc. 
Rev.  J.  Turner,  Tiffield  R.  Northamptonshire. 
Rev.  W,  Valentine,  Allerton-Mauleverer  P.C. 

Yorkshire. 
Rev.  AL  Vau^bau^  St.  John  P.C,  Ang:ell  Town, 

N'orib  BriKton.  Surrey. 
Rev.  E.  Walker,  St.  Matbita  P.C.  ^alford,  Latic 
Rev.  S.  Walton,  FeaStantoo  V.  w.  Hilton  C 

Hunts- 
Rev.  T.  WestmorUnd,  Leotoinater  V,  Heref. 

7b  Chaptaincw* 
Rev.  J.  CobeOj  to  the  City  Prisoa.  Hotloway, 
Rev.  J.  Drury,  to  the  Darracka  and  Troops* 

Donmeh 
Rev.  W.  W-  Harvey,  to  Vtscount  Falmouth. 
Rev.  T-  F.  Henuey,  txamtning  C.  to  the  Blah  Op 

of  Lincoln* 
Rev.  M,  Kinsey,  Britbh  C,  at  Dunkirk 
Rev.  W.  L  Onslow.  H.M.  Screw  Steaui-atiip. 

fluke  of  WelUnirton. 
Rev.  H.  P.  Wriffht,  to  H,M.  Forces 
Collegiate  and  Scholiulic  AppoinimttiU* 
Rjeht  Rev.  John  Lord  Bikbop of  Lincuin,  DD. 

Visitor  of  Baltiol  College.  Oxford* 
Rev.  A,  J.  Maclean,  Head -Mastership  of  Bath 

Grammar  ^bool. 
Rev.  £.  R.  Pitman,  Head-Masterablfi  of  Ra^e- 

l«7  Grmmmar  8ehooL 


Rev.  W.  H.  Thompson,  M-A.  Fellow  of  1 

CoUepe,  to  the  Regius  Profcs»or»hi|>c* 

Cambridge. 
HCallendar.  BA.  Mathcfnaticsl 

M!ijfdalene  CoUeee,  Cnr    *—  '  -" 
E.  W.    Rowden*   MA.  H 

Re^ifttrar  of  the  Univ* 
E.  A.    Scolt*    BA.    A&5i-Mjinv 

Marlboronrh  Coltere. 
R.  A*  W  bailey,  B.A.  Becotid-Miule 

Grammar  School.  Lynn, 
R.  6.  WlUlaina,  BA.  to  the  Pro 

Mathematics  and  Natural  P*  '" 

Walah  Collet,  Llandovenr. 


Rev.  P.  L.  D.  Acland  <V.  of  „., 

Or^anisinjf  Secretary  of  the  _. 

Propagation  of  the  Go»p<'l  in 

for  the  Archdeaconry   ■■  »•-'-• 
Rev,  R.  Fro*t,  to  be  oi.- 

the  Britiib  and  Foret^ 
Rev.  re   .'    '"- ■■  ' K , 

of  f  ^    Prc»|»«ifatloa 

Od>  tcunrv  of  Uarn 

Rev.  V  ■  '•-  ■*   Mie 

of  I  I 
Rev. <  * 

waiit.     >■■ 

Society  Ji 

FureijTO  1 

wall. 


BIRTHS- 
Feb,  3».  At  Agn,  the  wife  of  M^)«r  I 


r,Cor»kf,i 
,  e9«|*  m  mt 
f  Maj*>rC^J 

H 

■%m,  a  d 
of  Oen 


s  dau, 

April  17. 
the  wife  0/  ; 
ig.  At  Hoi II 

dan. w 

Capt.  A.  IV 
Mrs-  Edwm 
Woolwich  J  tbf-  wik'  of  ,vi  . 

aa.    In  Tavistock 

W.  Lydekker,  eAQ.  bar r 
as.     In  Brook  sM' 
champ,  a  aoo.^ — 
Fladgate,  eaq.  of 
ceater  pi.  Portma 
esqr  a  son  and  bcj  i 
ampton,  the  wife 
Conaiil  at  Rio  de  jAa«   i 
7i.     In   BninsTiNick  9*i 
Beaumont  Hnfit:ry,   f- 
court,  Itmiii 
esq,  a  dnn. 
Lieot  .Col.  J 
a  aon,- — -'^' 
the  Baron 
Brlrbton.  i 

dau. .In  XV  lU' 

Smith,  a  dan.^ — 
Durham,  Lady  K<i 
caaile,  X.B.,  La  1 
In  WettlMJume  u  i 
esi),  adau-^— Iri 
Ralph  Dutton,  a  < 
l.*d5fCoijsUnce< 
square,  the  wife  ui 

Bart,  a  son. Ar  (  i  ; 

the  wife  of  W.  H-  H 
99.  At  Overbory'  t^'ifi"' 
of  Robert  Berkti 

80,  At  Rodd! 

of  Sir  Thomas  Ph 

ifi^l.  InWr 
Lady  Walker,  a  ^ 
pUHykepark,  th. 

a  son. At  Edinburgh,  <h'j  wif<f  - 

Pf*.  e*q,  M.P.  a  dao 1.  At  Wa; 

Abardeenah.  the  wile  of  WItUam  U. 
Dramrtwale,  and  yom^r  of  W»ttUll» 


4  •*»«.— 

n    rata 
xhemU 

nil 

-.  N 

\fti 


185S0 


Birth^^^MaVfiageB* 


647 


1p  South  St.  the  wifta  of  the  fti^rht  Hon.  B. 

iifolt,  ll.f.  ft  diu.- — >.  At  Gmldford,  th« 
wif«  of  Henry  U>tton,  «»[.  of  We&t  Hor«ley 

{>lace»  Sarrry,  a  «on  and  heir. c.  At  OUon 
nil,  Warw,  the  wife  of  rhe  Rev.  B,  Johm  Bate- 
man,  a  Mill.— -7.  At  Potter  Hanworth  rectory, 
Llncoln»h.  the  wife  of  the  ll#v.  A.  H.  Ansoti,A 

ton Ifi  Norfolk  st.  Park  Inn**,  the  wife  of 

Cftptiin  Broc«,  Grenndier  Giiard;!,  a  dftu.— — 
§.    At  Wiidron  CJistle,  Tfirciimy,  Mr».  Henry 

Orcw  Hunt,  a  dftu. At  II minuter,  the  wife 

of  Jimeii  Stayner,  Jun  esq.  bftnker,  a  tQn  and 

heir- In  Alhaoy  terrace*  Regent 'i^  pirk,  the 

widow  of  F.  M.  Uedburst,  esq,  Kippax  hall, 

Yorkih<  a  son* At  Henbury  court.  GIouc 

tb«  wife  of  the  RevGeorgre  Biitterwurth»Adaui. 
—The  wife  of  Ourton  Archer  Horton,  eaq.  a 

ton. 10.  At  Leamliii^toti,  tbtf  vrif«  of  Hamp- 

dtn  Ciemetit.  esq,  of  s?nare*iton  kudffe,  Leic*  a 

■on. 13.  InCiirlton  house  terr. Lady  Luiides. 

boroufifh^adaui. U.  In  Portland  \>\.  Lady  De 

Li«le  and  Dudley,  a  uon  and  heir.— 15-  l^dy 

Charles  Welleatey,  ndau. 10*  At  Park  houae, 

SelUy*  the  wife  of  J.  H.   Harriton,  esq.  of 

Bmndibgrton  h«11,ad<a. 19*  At  Danesfidd, 

Bucks,  I  be  Hon,  Mrs.  Bcott  Mtjrritv,a  dau.— 
flo.     At  Grt-enwich  liospital,  the  Wife  of  Reir- 

Adm,  8ir  Watkiti  tlwcn  Pell^  a  lOO. 91.    Id 

NotUm^bam  pi.  Marylebone,  the  wife  of  Lan- 
ealol  isbadwell,  esq.  a  duo. — -In  Whitehall  pi. 

the  wife  ai  J.  Tulle  mac  be.  €«<].  M.P.  a  aon. 

91.   In  tlelfn'ftv^  ^q«  the  Lady  Itabella  Stewart^ 

a  aon. 'i\.    In  Portman  tq.  ^^'^  Lady  L«ig^b, 

a  dau.^ In  Berkeley  aquare.tbt  Lady  Alfred 

Flf  et,  a  aon. 35.    At  Chiawick,  tb«  wife  of 

Joba  Turner,  esq.  a  dao. 


MARRIAGES. 

U9fek  IS.  1DS3.  AI  Aoeklaadf  New  Zetlaadr 
John  Watson  Brainy  to  Madilioe,  lecond  dati. 
of  Alexander  Mearita,  esq«  of  Bfotilroae*  Scot* 
land. 

Ftk  I.  At  Foonali,  East  Indlea,  Ffederick 
Q9n}fk^m«t  etq,  Bonibay  Horse  Artillery,  ion 
of  the  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of  Uandaff,  to 
Fanny,  eldeat  daa.  of  Lleut.-Col.  Hallett,  CJi. 
of  tbe  Hombiv  Army. 

7.  At  St.  Thomas's,  Stamford  hill,  the  Rer. 
Henry  H.  Metknen.  to  Frances,  widow  of  tbe 
Rer.  Hetiry  Wyndbajn  ionea,  late  Rector  of 
Luuj^hur,  Giamorffaoshire' 

M.  At  8t.  Jamea's,  Garlick  Hytbe.  \V.  N, 
rfliia«r,  fliiq.  of  Boscattle,  lo  Clara^  eldest  dan- 
of  Wtiliam  Couithard^  esq.  franddaus^hter  of 
T.  Coulthard,  eaq.of  Parleif  b,  Hants,  and  nieee 
of  Sir  Oeorga  llartow.  Govern  or-Geoeral  o( 
India. 

lf4r«A  8.  At  RooloDdflbur.  Allan,  third  aoa 
of  Joseph  /f««w,  es<|.  M.P  to  Msry-Annet 
second  dau.  of  the  late  K.  F.  Grindall,  eto. 
C.ii-  and  i^raoddati.  of  the  late  Adui.  Grtndsll, 

31.  At  Madras,  Tliomaa  WolHch  maiuf^id, 
esq.  Liedt.  61st  Reft.  N.L  elder  son  of  I'.  W. 
Stsnsfeld,  esq  of  Jer»ey,  to  l^liiatHstb-Jane, 
only  dnu.  of  WJlliam  i$esticban]p,eMi.  sitrj^on, 
Medrai  Art.  and  niece  of  Lieut. .Co).  Cole, 
cotuuisndinK  Koyal  Kn^.  at  the  Cupe. 

39.  At  Culbaui.  Capt.  lUnquier  J  Coaaofv, 
R.  Art.  to  AufU«ta^Kmms,youiigv4t  dmi.  nfthe 
latir  John  Phillip*,  esq.  of  Culbflfn   "   '  A! 

Baeter,  .Inbn  ilickens,  esq.  Mn  •! 

iiervice,  to  Mary-Medbnry.  eld«-i 
lAte    Henry    Psrkin,  esq.  M.L>.  i.n^    -  ,    hi- 

spactur  of  Navtl  tlospitsls  and  Met^ts. At 

Cibew  Kisi^ua,  SoinerftPt,  A«hfi''ld  rhorrh  Unfu*, 
;  esq.  of  Frederick's  I'-       ' "'  ■    -        *     ■  >    -, 

beib'Jane-Msry-Ani 
Rear-Adm.  Uroisetc, 

•tl»     At  BUBCOt*  Brrks,«  iijH    vi«:m,  >,  uutnum, 

«Tth  R««i.  U.N.L  to  Catberlncl^ah.  ehlMl 


dau.  of  the  Re?.  Charles  A.  Bruok,  M.A.  of 
Buccot  rectory,  and  erftoddau.  of  the  late 
Robert  Wnce,  esq.  of  Lechlsd**. At  St.  Da- 
vid's, RichArd  Hart  Chambcrlakn,  eaq,  to  Ann. 

second   dau.  of  the  Iftte  Alderrran  Bate, 

At  Cliftont  Jolm  Qreemcay,  esq-  of  New  York, 
late  of  Montevideo  and  Rio  Jai!'"-'  «"  \Ur- 
tba-I^ilixRlietb-Anne,  ifldest  dau  k 

t^urtcnay  Oreenway,  R.N.—  a- 

hsm,  Joel  WUkin*,  esq.  of  tbf  i  ,  .  .  ^.  ,uc- 
youTtfeft  <iiiirvivinj^  bOO  of  thi*  late  1  honiai 
VVitklus,  esq.  of  Chard,  Somerset,  Ic*  Esther- 
Norman,  eldest  dau-  of  Georeo  Durrant,  esq. 

of  So  lit  helm  hum  hall, At  Headinsley,  Jaa, 

Knt?«>/e^,  esq.  of  Gomersall,  to  IsaUelle,  eldest 
dau.  of  Henry   R.   Morley,  esq    of   Ashfleld 

house,  Bur  ley,  near   Leeds. At  Liverpoolp 

the  Rev.  Jaine^  A.  Cellar,  M.A.  Chaplain  to 
tbe  Rijfht  Rev.  the  Bishop  of  Ht.  Andrew'a, 
Donkirk  and  Dunblane,  to  Mftrfcsret-Ann» 
second  dau.  of  tlie  late  Samuel  Tyrrell,  eaq.  of 

Eaatboorne^  t^usseji. At  Goostrey,  Cbeahfre, 

the  Rev.  Octai>iu4  Luard.  yonn^rest  son  of  the 
late  Peter  John  Lnard,  esq.of  Blyborouj^hhsll, 
Lincolnshire,  To  Barah-Mirla,  only  dau.  of  the 
late  William  Charles  Booths  e«q,  of  Twemlow 

hall,  Cheshire. At  Vcntnor,  L  W.  Patriclc 

Johnston,  esq.  of  KtlinborRh,  to  Mary,  don.  of 
the    Iste    Lteut.>Col.    South,    of  Southlands, 

Heavitree.  Exeter. At  81.  Peter's  Katon  »q. 

S^  Bkfh "■">•'  -"'■'■'  '•urjreon,  Green  St.  Kent,  CO 
Graced  ifd  dau,  of  Genrjfe  F.  Dick, 

esq.  Iaf<  cretary  at  Maiiritlu^, 

At  St.  la..  ...  i,.  .^.  flaltied  Fischrr,  of  Lin- 
coln's inn,  barnsier-at'law,  second  son  of  the 
late  Major  Fischer,  of  the  Beng^nl  Army,  to 
Affnet-Adamina,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Major- 
General  Hogjir,  ©f  Wiuddedon,  5arrey.^^At 
Rkk  mans  worth,  Herts,  John,  vou  nicest  son  of 
Thomas  Lfonardt  esq.  of  Kinj^s  ton-oU'Thainea, 
to  Mary,  third  dau.  of  Thomas  Wild,  esq.  of 
Rickmansworth,  Herts. 

$X.  At  Streatham,  the  Rev.  Vincent  RtiveM, 
M.A.  Rector  of  Great  Fransham,  Norfolk,  late 
President  and  To  tor  of  Magdalene  college,  Cam - 
brldre,  to  Anne-Jcmifna,  foarth  dau.  of  J.  M. 

Raiiibow,  esq.  of  Tulse  hilU At  NursUnf, 

Southampton,  Jnmtn  RohertMOH,  esq.  son  of  the 
Iftto  Col,  Robertson,  to  Georj^riani-Antoinette, 
eldest  dau.  of  William  Lichriierd.  e*iq.  of  Upton 

house,  Hants. At  Earnley.near  Chicb4>Bier, 

John  Wvaftf  j«o.  esq.  of  Null>o(irne,  to  .Mary, 

eldest  dAU.  of  Menry  buke.es^j.of  Earnley. 

At  Netherbury ,  Doruel.  the  Rev.  T,  R.  ifa#*eir, 
M.A.  Head  .Master  of  the  Gram  mar  i^cbooL 
Dorchester,  to  Catberine-Aiine,  eldest  dau.  of 
Sherfnf  Keddle,  esq.  of  HatrbLindit,  Nether- 
bury.-— At  East  Mailing,  Kent,  the  Rev.  Na- 
thaniel Dimfttkt  only  son  of  John  Uimock,  esq. 
uf  Wandsworth,  Surrey,  to  tieorpfiana.  dau.  of 
John  Alfred  Wi^flr^,     -■  ^*  ^*    <-:.... r.r^'j 

Hanover  sq.  the  H^  V, 

eldest  »on  of  the  \\  t- 

riet-Api>f'^  ,.!.*.-•  ■*.,,.  ,,,  ,  ,.j,,.  :i, 

R.N   Cj'  rmudft. t*, 

VVilliaih  /ht,  eBc|.  oi  <t« 

s«a,  to  Aiiiir,  Mil  LI  i^.io-of  the  late  L  ..^.(....-.  t*'-*tr* 

ing,  esq.  Of  hardway,  Hani* At  ijiepney, 

Geortff  Kent  Had  ford,  esq.  to  Catlierlne-Jane, 
ehlCTt  dau.  of  Arttv  ■•  m-'  »  ■•  m  m  of 

London. AtSt.>J  n 

/Ut4/i0H,  esq.  MJ*   I  j;* 

of  I'liy-^ician-^,  '  >t 

dau,  of  J.C.  1  of 

Ka»t  Acton.—  1* 

Itaiti  i/ev,  of  buuiiM^nth.  1--  M.v  "J. 

uf  the  iCev.  George  Burton  tlHn  ty 

t^hnnlsin. At    |j*»»minctofi,  ke 

T----      r^-      •--.■*    ^    f-  l.d 


Ibt  ll«y.  Richard  Lane  Paluter  jyninAorae.  son 


k 


Marriages, 


a^B 


af  SflJoborne  Stucl«¥  Palmer  Sambome,  esq,  of 
tlOABbury  bous«,  Somerset,  to  Ellen,  diu.  of 
'I  boons  rerKUs<m,esq,of  Grenvlllp,  CO.  Down. 

. At  Hurstpierptjintj  George  OcUviui  Pot- 

tard^  eaq^  son  of  the  ktc  Kt'v.  John  Pollard, 
Rector  of  lt«uuinKton«  Herts,  to  HenriettA^ 
elder  daa   of  Nathaniel  Borrer,  esq-  of  P«kyns 

llftDOr,  So»»ex. At  Penn,Herhort  CoUridge, 

eiq.  to  Ellen,  eUle<it  dau.  of  T.  M.  Phitlip<ii  e»q> 

ofPenn.Stnflfordfttj. AiTor  Mohun,t"e  Her. 

Edward  MilUtt,  U.A.  of  Tritiity  ctdle^e.  Cani- 
bridfpe,  to  Jaoet^  second  dan.  of  Joseph  Web- 
ster, esq.  of  Sutton  Coldlield. At  Christ 

ehurcb,  MJirylebone,  Capt*  Jft8.  Edward  Boi/ffi$, 
5$tb  lle^rt.  unly  suit  af  JfiLmes  llo^is,  esq.  of 
Eeaex,  to  Marparet- Harriet,  only  aurviving 
child  of  the  late  ilev.  RUbton  Robififtou  Bailey, 
B»D-  late  Rector  of  St*  Peter  nd  VincuU,  Tower 

of  London. x\t  Dover»  Arthur,  youniceat  lOo 

of  William  JVef/d.  esq.  of  Bowdon,  Cheshire, 
to  Annettet  youngest  djiu.  of  the  late  Joseph 

Barton,  esq.  of  Beriiiondsey. AtWest  Tejij^n- 

mouth*  Kenry  Uaniell,  e^^^q.  to  P.minn-.MiLriiitt* 
younjcest  dau.  of  the  late  \V.  T.  S.  Pitts,  esq. 

Aprit2-  At  St.Geor|a:e'ft  Kanover  sq.  Aug'U§- 
lin  Ki«|if  George,  esq.  of  Chcsham  at  Bef^ravc 
»q,  to  Maria,  young^esl  duo.  of  rhr  late  Allen 
Hurrell»e»»n.  of  Arkesden,  Esse*-^ — A I  Trinity 
cllttrcb,  St.  Maj'i  lebone, Archer  Hubert  Tawnfy, 
esq.  of  Wromnik.  isear  Banbury,  lli^fordab.  to 
£jitma-Harriet,  yoiingej^it  dan  of  VVilliain  Parry 
Richards,  esq,  of  Park  crescent,  Portland  place. 

At  Head  ford,  the  Rev.   Robert  BattabU, 

Rector  of  Koocktemple,  Cork,  to  Louisa- 
Swayne,  dau.  of  th«  late  Thomas  Little^  e»q. 
M.D.,  LL.D.  wurgreon  of  llicSlii^o  Inrtrmary. 

4.  At  Florence,  Campbell  Muhro^  ewi-  Lieut, 
and  Captain  Grenadier  Ouardi».  to  Kenrtetta- 
Ufttia,  youiiR-est  dau..of  John  DrtjmniontJ,es4j. 

5,  At  Alvprstoke,  the  Earl  of  LtMburnr^  of 
Crosswoo^l  pasit.Aberystwith,  tothe  Hon.  Ilar- 
riet  Eliiab<-tli  xMitchell.dau.  of  the  Lady  Hmrriet 
aiiichrlL  rormtTiy  .Maid  of  Honour  to  iho  late 
Quet'ti  Onnnifer,  and  niwre  to  the  late  l>ukeof 

Denufort At  St.  (leoixe**  Bloomt^bury.  the 

Hev.  Meibert  rn//frtwM,  of  St,  Albaii'**,  to  Eliia, 
only  dan.  of  the  lutf^  Her.  VVilUiim  Tliomiison, 
MA,   Incumbent    of   St.    Hartinbas    Church* 

London. -At  Stowmarket,  Capt.  tVniier^  of 

the  Ri>yal  ilf^nrt.  of  Artilli^ry,  oidy  son  of  the 
late  CoL  Wnlh-T,  of  the  .name  Koyal  Rcgt.  and 
of  Bavensvyood,  We^t  Wiekbam,  Kent,  to 
Frnnces-Caroline-Kerr,  youtiifest  dau.  of  the 
Rev,  A.  G.  H.  Hoilinjfsworlb.  Vicir  of  Stow- 
market,  Suflblk- At  Hainholx,  near  Hano- 
ver, Lieut.  Cha,i.  QneNtin,  Hunoverian  Guards, 
yonnj^est  son  of  the  late  Lieut -Gen.  Sir  Geo. 
Quentlu.  CO.,  KC.ll.  To  Mary-Auirusta-So- 
nhic-Eather,  second  dau.   of  the  late  Lieut. 

Eicke,   Kini^'fl  German  Lejfion. At  Parla, 

the  Rev.  Owen  Bluih\vayti*  'J)r{er,  Incumbent 
of  North  Wooiton,  Somerset,  to  Frances-^ Mar- 
Celine,  dau.  of  IVrdinando  Barsancete,  Capi- 
TiJne  en  Retratre»  Chevalier  do  la  Lei^ion  d'Hon- 
nenr.— At  Pal^rave,  Charles  JBui/,  eaq.  of 
Diss,  third  »on  of  the  late  Lawrenre  Pettitt 
Bull.  esq.  of  Biirea  hall,  Soffblk,  to  Ellen-Mary, 
younirest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Hewitt  Amys, 

esq.  of  Palfrave,  :^ulT(>lk. At  ^l.  M&ry*s, 

Btthwick.  the  Rev.  Gaamiffne  Frrd  nhif^Htrr, 
M  A.  of  Minster  I->3vell,Oxford»  to  Anne-Mary, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Walker  J^milh,  esq.  of 
Rinjcton  St.  Michael,  WjUshire.^—Wiliiain 
Pntejf.  esq.  >f  .l>.  ,'^econd  son  of  Robert  Paley, 
eaq.  MO.  Bishopton  eranif**,  Htjioii,  to  Ahiicail- 
BifariKaret.  second  dau.  of  iU*.'  U*\  \l  |r,  s<ide- 
bottom,  Incumbent  of  Hni  Halifiix, 

Yorkshire. At  Mt.  Wnrl 

the  Rev.  Clement  GUtwrf. 
Norfolk,  to  Ajrne»-K  ^ 
lAle  Rev.  Thomas  Ur 

At  Lilllebnry,  Hi 

kttrp^  B.A.  Queen'e  coUcjc, 


ISum, 


wood, 


C«m bridge,   to 


Artbell«,  eldest  daa,  of  K.  L.  Be«r»ber«  eM.ff 
Littlebary.  and  ^atiddau,  of  ibe  Ut«  Aev.  Sttk 

Bewsher.  Vicar  of  St-  Xeots.^ At  A»tb«7» 

Percy  Sawsbjf,  eiu.  of  OvHrfon,  F1intahiine»  9 
Lucy- Augusta,  eldest  dau     '  V  "        1  Wo  ^ 
Witmot,  esq.  of  Hulme 

At  DinninE^on,  FAysn 

Capt.  in  the  Htn  Hussars,  »na  vi»iin/^f>«t  1 
the  late  John  Walter,  e&q.  of  Beftr  Wood*  fe» 
Mary-Anne-Eliia,  eldest  dan,  of  J.  C.  Atborpt, 

esq.  of  Dinninirton  hall,  Yorkah, At  Trn^ 

Reginald,  third  ton  of  the  Rev.  Coition  Jgafin> 
of  Peurtwe^  to  Mary*Frances«  aecood  4ma,  if 

JohnT.  NankivelU  esq.  of  Truro. At  f  " 

lin*  the  Rev.  James  M.  Stagth*.  Kectoeof  I 
droit,  Wexford,  to  Margar<?t.  rfMrt  r^f  fH«» 
A.  Morgan,  of  Nant-y-derF     '^  '    ' 

6.  At   Deal,  llobert   C  1    $i 
Brentwood,  to  Maria- llee^  W, 

Betts,  esq.  of  l^anduwn,   Ur/ij \i  ivrfttiac* 

ton.  Major  EtU*,  bte  of  Cbe  I3th  Lairbt  Drv 
^00 ns^  to  Fredehca- Ellen,  yoanceat  rbiUt  «f 
the  late  Jobti  Ansley,  esq.  of  Hoi^hion  I  " 
Huntin^donahire,  « 

7.  At  Great  Ynrmouth.  .fft<v>b  Rt^moida^d 


of  Lloyd's,  U> 
ofthelateHo 

mouth. At 

Smiths  jun.  eai}.    a 
Lady  Susan  Pethatn, 

of  Chichester. Ai 

Wright,  esq.   ti'iii 
He^t.  toCttbeii   -   \  t     I 
Lieut.-QjL  No.a;..  ..1    I  ;• 

Hevonport. At   :;t.      i 

the  Rev.  J.T.  BriHTrt.  ,  ., 
J.T.  Brown,  esq.  of  Wi,  , 
Emma,  only  child  of  Wnli;« 
esq.  or  Montana  aq.—  A 
Rev.  Oeorae  Napleton  7 
widow  of  Cap! 
At  Ashford-ii 
ftjn,   f's<j.   rtt    I  i 

ii.-  ■    ,    -    ■ 


yniinniFVl  i 
of  Oi«*t  ' 


:i>l'."n 


ft^th,  U 

tha 
tit, 

ifrr. 


tht'  K>^ 
house.  > 

Of  tlh-  ]• 

hi.'  , 

A 


i  hMftrt  71b0. 

■  tix' 

St  I 


J'. At  II'  ■ 

iiiui\  to  Kit; 

ftnn    arid  1; 


CniHui  I 
- — At  ( 
burn    / 

In 

ca.J.  M,l>.  H.!' 
Hicka.e»<].M  1 
only  dau.  nf  t: 

Gr 

/^ 
II r   ! 
Of  II  .VJ 
Bev.  J.H 
Mflry-:- 

Ji 

\,     . 
est  «iau 
laoda«  l^ 
J,  ?    r 

J, 

or  I       - 

»■    At  <_>ul'  tiwmiw. 

Lieut.  4th  Ho:  mmom. 

ou]y  it:itj.   af  I  '             J  ,   *^*  OT 

1 1  re,  R6b#vt  Tlooifta 
rne  parlc  ptoc*.  Bftro* 

wMi^r,  to  Hclen^  ikiid  dau.  Of  tbe  lise  !«? ,  j 


is, 

cu.  H. 
rrancet, 
.  «aq.  of 

r.  U«tt. 

tff,  iMe 

K^'ot,  10 
oddari, 

iKstiaci 

VOUMb 

"i  i_'f  Ihr  Utr  lltftrf 
vai  Na*y*  at  ■    * 


1853.] 


Mam 


ageg. 


649 


Huffhes,  Rector  of  SU  Cletti«nt*5.  Oxford. 

At  Stok*  Daiii^rel,  Frederick  Eaward  Budd, 
esq.  First  Lieut.  R.M.  youngest  sou  of  retired 
Comm.  H.  IL  Bucld,  R.N.  of  Wioterbounie 
Baasclt,  Wilts,  to  Charlotte- Henrietta,  s^ond 
dan.  of  Caitt.  WiJllatu  Walker,  R  N\ 

10.  At  VVinibledou,  tlie  Bev.  Francisj  Thos. 
MargfU*,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Oiixforcl,  C«inb. 
to  SjirAli-riOuisn,  eldest  dau.  of  Edward  tlol- 
royd,  esq.  one  of  Her  Majc^ty^s  CuniiniisiontT!^ 
f'f  the  Court  of  Bankruptcy. 

13.  At  Huve,  Edward  Latliam  Ormtrodt 
M.D.  of  iln^himxt  sixth  son  uf  George  ilrroe- 
rod,  e*q.  DC.L.  of  Tyldeiley,  Lane,  and  of 
Sedbary  nark»  Glouc.  to  Mary -Olivia,  eldeut 
dau.  tjf  Edward  Robert  Porter,  esq,  of  Urigliton, 

At  Xorthover,  Scimerset.  the  Rfv.  Percy 

Nfwell,  Rector  of  lia^i  Lydfard,  to  Hflrrictte, 

eldeit   datu    of   H.   Tuson,    usii, At   St. 

George *s  Hanover  ^iiuare,  tlie  RfV,  J.  Tkntpp^ 
Vicar  of  llarrintftoo,  Camb.  to  l^lizabe^thi  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  J.  i>.  Giennic,  of  Green  *it.  Gro^- 

Tenor  sq. At  St.  John'.s,  Oxford  atj.  John 

Coper*tale>  esq.  to  Isabel  la -Fredertca,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  F.  R.  Coon*,  esq.  And  rehct  of 
the  Rev.  John  Tooiky ns.  Rector  uf  (ireeufard, 
Middx.— At  Horffliiield,  Uerkn,  T.  M'Lean 
Farmer^  esij.  of  Graz^ley  lod{rc,  to  F>llcji»  third 
dau.  of  the  Rev*  Henry  Curtis  Cherry,  Rector 
of  Bur;ghfie]d. 

13.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  square,  the 
Hon.  James  Grant,  second  «oii  of  the  Right 
Hon.  the  Earlof  Seatield,  to  Constanre.Helena,, 
Court h  dau.  of  Sir  Robert  Ahercromby,  Bart. 

At  Hocheater,  the  Rev.  I'erccval  Lantettre, 

son  of  Joseph  Laurence,  p^iq.  of  Beddiugton, 
to  laabella-aarab.  dan.  or  Capt.  AfoorHom,  C.K. 

At   Rothesay,  the   Kev.  Stanley   Walton, 

M.A.  Fellow  of  Trinity  liaLI,  Camb.  to  Hea- 
riettu.Eliuihctht  eldest  dau.  of  the  lateCapt. 
Wiihsm  Moriaon,  43d  Reirt^— At  St.  JoUnM 
Faddinglon,  Henry  i.  F.  Sicajfn^,  esq.  only  son 
of  John  Swaynt\  c^q.  of  \Vilton,  to  Mina-Kll^a. 
beth,  eldest  dau.  of  W.  B.  Crealock,  esq.  of 

Stanhope  place. At  llresden*  Robert  ward 

"  wkson,  eaq.  of  Greathamt  co.  Durham^  son 

the  late  W.  \V.  JackHOUt  t-nq.  of  Norroaoby 

11,  Cleveland,  to  Marin- Frances,  youtigest 
Hi.  of  the  lute  Rev.  T.  F.  Wilson,  of  Burley 

halU  Rud  g;randdau.  of  the  late  Sir  Jrjhn  Eden, 

Bart.^ At  Taney,  Capt.  George  HiLirins^ton 

UatPfi^iHU  Regt.  only  eon  of  Colonel  ItaweA, 
of  E.l.Co's,  tervice,  to  the  Hon.  Cecilia  P. 

Y  el  vert  on,  dau.  of   Viscount  Avon  mo  re. 

At  Atrcwa.«i^  btaflf.  Edward,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Edw.  WAitlitf.  esq.  of  Osbn-Moa  lodgei  Lcic. 
to  dusaa,  dau.  of  the  late  Francis  Bond,  e»ti. 
H-  At  Exeter*  Alex.  Cleiland  MaedannM, 
esq.  son  of  tbe  .\rchdeucon  of  Wiltis,  to  Elisa- 
beth'Ellicombe.  only  dau.  of  R.  C.  C-ampion, 
eaii,- — At  York,  Jolin  St.  Barbi?,  esq.  of  Majda 
hill*  lo  Eleanor,  eldojit  dau.  of  VYni.  Richard- 
•OD,  C«q.  of  York, — —At  St.  James's  West- 
minaler,  ArchibaUi  F.  G.  Ro**^  esq.  Capt. 
n.  Bitf .  to  .\lethea-Emma^  ehle^t  dau.  of  the 
late  John   Ricbuioud  Seymour,  e&q.  of  Cro* 

wood,  Wilts. Tlie  Rev.  H.  U.  Bridgteater, 

M.A.  fouftli  son  of  W,  Bridgwater^  eaq.  of 
Broymfield,  Brecon,  to  Anoa-Maria«  only  aur-. 
vtving  child  of  the  late  Thomas  BotdJog,  esq. 
of  Great  Linford,  Bucks.— At  Shrewsbury, 
Geori^e  Chance,  esq.  harriater-at.law,  third  son 
of  WlliaiD  Chance,  esq.  of  Binuiugliam,  to 
Mary,  second  dau.  of  the  Rfv.  G.  li.  Down- 
ward.  At  St.  Stephen'*. the- Martyr,  Avenue 

road,Lieut.-Co1.AvJt6Hrv.CB.  to  Clara-Matilda, 
youogeat  dan.  of  the  late  W.  H.  Harriott,  esq. 

of  Sussex  place. At  Henbury,  Capt.  C.  W, 

MiieMf  of  Btirton  hlU.  Malmexbur)',  son  of  the 
late  P.  J.  Miles,  esq.  of  Leigh  Court,  to  Maria^ 
Suatona,  only  U*«.  of  Jere  Hiil,  esq.  of  Hen- 

bory,  Glouc. At  Aberdeen,  VYilliam  Stewart 

Jamoa   Home   Mnnro^  esq,   M.D.    Assistant 

Gent.  Mag,  Vol,  XXXIX. 


Stat! 

m. 


\  Gent.  I 


Surgeon  8.3d  Re^'t.  to  Uabella-Ugilvy,  aecond 
dau,  of  Herrulies  i^cott,  esq.  LL  U.  Frofeaaor 
of  Moral  Philosophy  and  Logic  at  Aberdeen. 

At  Clifton,  Frederick  Pridenur,  esq.  of 

Lincolo's  inn,  barrister-at-law,  to  Fanny-Ash« 
acHCotid  dau.  of  Richard  Ball,  esq.  of  Portland 
house,  Ringadown.^^At  Burn's  Land,  the 
Rev.  G.  H.  fotbgj,  B  A.  to  Cleanor-Maria- 
Jrby.  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Major  Wemyss,  of 

iJje    Scots   Greys, At    riiiladelphia.   CS, 

William- Harding}  aou  of  Robert  Warnerr  esq. 
of  Swinilon,  Wilts,  to  .innie-Taylor,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Rotiert  Johnston,  of 
Jaioaica. 

15.  At  St.  Matthew's,  Brixton,  the  Rev. 
Matthew  VaHifhrnt,  LL.B.CUaplainof  the  Royal 
Asylum  of  St.  Ann's,  to  Elisa,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Richard  Seal,  etsq. 

16.  At  Christ  Church  Marylebone,  Henry 
Uewellyn  IT^ff/iamf,  esq.  M.D,  of  Beverley,  to 
M»ry-Anne-Helen,  eldest  dan.  of  Geo.  Grcig, 
esq.  of  Hamiltoti  terrace. — -At  Dublin,  the 
Rev.  Wm  Hnrkn  m#,  eldest  so  n  o  f  the  I  ate  Rev . 
Robert  Hnrknesi,  to  Sarah-Anne,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  .Ft>hn  Peebles,  esq.  M.t). 

\9.  At  Mingle  fid,  Hants,  the  Rev.  W.  W. 
Uerrhtgham,  lo  M/itikla-Anne,  youngest  dsu, 
of  the  late  Mnjor-Gen.  J.  B.  Parker,C.B,  LieuL- 
Gov.ofthe  Royal  .Military  .\cademy,  Woolwich. 

AtC4)Ufiless  WearChfipel.  Devon,  the  Hon, 

Fred.  Q*Bryen  FiUmaurice,  Lieut.  R.N.  third 
son  of  the  fearl  of  tjrkney,  to  Mary-Anne-Tay^ 
lor,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Taylor  S. 
Abraha[n,e;»qi. — -AtHpennithorne,Yorksh.lhe 
Rev- W,  F.  C,  Wctiher,  Rector  of  St.  Botolph'a 
Alderaffnte,  and  Minor-Canon  of  St.  FauPs,  to 
Catherine-Mftry,  eldest  dau.  of  Liewt,  W.  C. 

Webber,  R.N. At  Bartaston,  Staff.  Andrew 

George  Coritet,  est],  second  son  of  Sir  A.  V. 
Corbet*  Bart  to  Mar>-Eti£abeth, eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  Ralph  Adderley,eaq.— At  St.  Fancra», 
the  Rev,  James  Danhy  AfHeckt  Rector  of  DaU 
hauij  OxT  to  Sophia,  dsu.  of  Edward  Dyson, 
eaq.  late  of  the  Royal  Marines. 

30.  At  Whittifighann  llu^h  Robert  Hugket, 
esq.  of  Kinmel  park  and  Uiuorbcn,  Dcnbighsh. 
to  Plorentia,  second  dau.  of  the  Hun.  fi.T. 

LiddelL  of  Ealin(rton  park,  Northumb. At 

Wirobledon,  the  Rev.  Francis  F.  C  MnrgefU, 
M.A.  Vicar  of  Daxford.  Camb.  to  Sarah- Lou  (sa, 
e[de«t  dau.  of  Edward  Holroyd,  esq,  Commia* 

siooer  of  Bankruptcy. ^At  Maidstone,  the 

Rev.  GAY.  Corker,  MA.  Perp.  Curate  of  Weald, 
8evenoakA,  to  the  Lady  Charlotte  Marsham. 
sister  of  the  Earl  of  Roniney. 

31.  At  St.  Peter's  Eaton  sq.  John  Henry 
Mafinert-h'Httoitf  esq.  M.I',  of  Kelharn  ball, 
Notts,  to  Mary,  eldest  dau  of  the  Rev.  Gua- 
tavuji  Burnaby,  Rector  of  St.  Peler^a,  Bedford, 
and  Canon  of  MiddleUatn.— At  Forty  hill, 
Enfield,  Thomas  LaHce\f,  esq,  M,D.  to  Martha, 
youiige^^t  dau.  of  S.  R'.  Heseltine,  esq.  Chase 
side,  EnReld. — -At  Bouloinif^  sur  Mer,  Henry 
Charles  Walton,  esq.  SnJf  West  India  Reg^t. 
fourth  sou  of  the  late  Henry-  Norris  Watson, 
eaq.  of  Dover,  to  Jane- B(air,  youngest  dau.  of 

Sir  R.A.Cbcrmfiide,M.D.of  Paris. At  Bot- 

leys,  Leyceater,  eldest  son  of  Edward  Penrk^n^ 
eao.  of  East  Sheen,  Surrey,  to  Vere,  second  dau. 
of  Robert  Gosling,  e«q.  of  Botteys  park,  Surrey. 

At  Bulleigh,  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Hickt&y,  Rector 

of  Street  and  Walton,  to  .Mary-Sophia,  dau.  of 
the  late  Sir  Alex.  Htwd,  Bart,  of  Wootton,  Som, 

At  Twickenham,  Thomas  Henry  Ljfgagkt, 

Comm.  R-N.  eldc?!  ftouof  Vice  Adm.  Lysa^ht, 
of  Heathlane  Iwlge,  Twickenham,  to  Caroline' 

Mary,  only  dan.  of  William  Nairn,  esq. At 

Leamiogtoni  Edward  Chrialian  liarckhardt, 
e»q.  second  son  of  the  late  J .  C.  Burkhardt*  eaq. 
lo  Henrietra^sabellft-Jane,  second  dau.  of  the 
late   Harry  Qougb  Ord,  esq.  of  DexleVy,  Capt. 

R.A, At  Fenagh.  the  Rev.  J.  C.  MatUonneUt 

Rector  of  KiLtallJkguaa«  and  ion  of  the  Rev.  the 

40 


650 


Marriage.s 


tJ 


iinr, 


Provtiat  of  TrinKy  colU  Dubtiti,  to  CharlotU'- 
HenriettA,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  C.  W,  l>oyne.  Rec- 
tor of  Ft'ijaph,  Carlow. At    Chippcrfleld, 

Herts,  the  Rpv,  G.  H.  B.  Gabrrt,  Vicar  of  Cla- 
verley,  Saltvn,  and  l^erp  Curttf  of  Bobbin|ptofi« 
Stair,  to  BfUiia-Klizabelh,  younjfest  dau.  of  the 
Ute  Richard  Webb  Jubb,  esq.  of  Carpenter's 

tiall,  London, At  St>  John's  PRddinfftoo. 

Berbert  Calthorpe  Gardner,  esq.  3Sth  Bengal 
Liijhr  Inf.  sou  or  Lieut, -Gen.  the  Hon.  W.  H, 
Garduer,  to  lirama-EliiBbeth»  eldest  djiu.  of 

Frwlerick  J<  Frescott,  esq.of  Uxfortl  sq. At 

Arrow,  Walter  Stubby,  t»sq.  of  Heckbury  haU, 
Sbrop«»hire,  to  Mary-Ann,  only  dau*  of  tnc»  late 
Rev.  John  Hont,  Rector  of  Welftird,  Glouc. 

23.  At  Florence,  Theodore-Howard,  eldest 
aon  of  J.  Howard  Galton.  esq.  of  Hadzor,  Wore, 
to  Frances- Amelia,  fourth  dao.  of  the  Ut.  Hon. 
Sir  George  Arthur,  Bnrt.— At  Leniuington, 
Jobn  C'Af*Atri»,  esq.  of  ilartfordt  Cbcsliire,  to 
Ellen-Maria,  oldest  surviviuff  dau.  of  Major 
Dewes,  of  Buckin^hain,  and  Hadlcy«  Midd3t« 

2S.  At  St.  .Miohat  ra  Chester  aq.  Casta vu»  T- 
SmUA,  t&t\.  of  Qoldicote.  Worcestersb.  to  Lady 
Mordjiuiit.  of  Whlton  court,  Warw,— At  tlie 
41  I.  Oubliu  castle,  Capt.  Hueh  ifa- 

?.  :^  [>ragoon  Guards,  of  Pmmore 

ail  ,  AyraKire,  to  8elina-Mary,  eldest 

dau.  of  Giiorge  L'Estrimge,  esq,  of  Kiliiacrot, 
CO.  Cavan. 

96.  At  Brighton,  John,  eldest  son  of  John 
Round,  e>*q.  to  Laura,  younjcest  dan.  of  the  late 
Horat'e  South,  esq. At  Kfmpscy,  near  Wor- 
cester, Capl,  Skipirifh,  R  N.  fourth  sou  of  the 
Ulo  Sir  Gray  Skmwith,  Bart,  to  Louisa-Maria, 
second  dau.  of  Richard  Temple,  eaq.  of  the 

Shsbj  near  Worcester. At  St.  Martin's  in 

the  Fields  Westminr^tert  the  Rev.  John  Jtcot- 
iand.  R.A.  Incumbent  of  8t.  James  district, 
Southampton,  to  Aiignsta-Marin,  only  dau.  of 

George  GoUbmith,  esq,  of  :SouCbainpton. 

At  New  Jif<'nlford.  the  Rev.  Charlp^i  Iliti,  of 
Stave rton,  Xorthamp.  to  C'tciliri-tlujton,  third 

dau.  of  Lieut.-CoL  fladil  -. At 

Cheltenham,  William  C.  .  ^|.  Capt, 

]5tb  Reet.  to  Lauis»*KU/iii  '  dau,  of 

Lieul.-Gcn.    At'l%erson,    U.ii.l.C.ti.  At 

Christ  Cbttrch,  Liftson  grove,  Georire  Kvere.it, 
esq.  M.D,  Greenwich  Hospital,  to  Julia-Alice, 
young^esl  dau*  of  the  late  Ynyr  Dnrffes,  esq. 
Bengal  Civil  Service,  and  of  the  VVjIderiietfS, 

Rcij<ate. At  8t.  George's  Hanover  square, 

Charles  Penruddocket  esq.  of  Coinpton  park, 
Wilts,  to  Flora- Henrietta,  second  dau.  of  Wall  IT 

LonKf  esq.  M.P-  of  Rond  At^hton,   Wilts. 

At  St.  (jeorge'a,  John  George  Boiteav,  esq,  of 
Dublin,  only  suniving  son  of  tbc  late  John 
Theophilue;  Boileau,  esq.  to  Ruthana,  thinl  dan. 
of  Juun  Hunter,  eso.  of  Hartst.  liloomubur)'. 

At    HauKhton  (e  l!$kerne,  Durham,  John 

Newberry  George,  ei>q.  of  ( "ankhnw.  ll,to  Sarah, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Wdli  ■  ShaflOj 

esq,  of  Carrycoates  hall,  >  1  iinj. 

At  i?hapwickt  shjuj.  Henry  L i  mltM,  e«<i. 

Capt.  45th  Regt'  second  (luu  ot  the  late  Rev. 
Thumas  Via  I  Is,  to  Helen-Maria,  eldest  dau,  of 
Henry  Bull    StrauK^^nys.    esq.  of  !<hapwick 

house. At  Feiiwerris,    Falnioutb,   William 

Woodttsu,  R.N.  son  of  Lieut.  Gen.  Wood.C  H. 
and  R.H.  Comm,  of  the  Forces  in  the  Wind- 
ward and  Leftward  Islands^to  Rose,  second  dAU. 
of  Went  worth  Parsons  Croke,  esq.  Couim.  R.V. 

27.  At  St,  Michael'.H  rinilico,  the  Rev.  Theo- 
dosiui^  Kgrrtoft  Houjfhton  W^ard  Boug:htou 
Lfigh,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Xewbiild  n|xni  Avou,  »e- 
coml  SOD  of  J.  W.  B.  Leiffli,  esq.  of  Brownsovcr 
ball,  Warw.  to  Elizabeth,  only  survivini^  child 
of  Thomas  Cotterell,  esq.  ol  Raton  sq.  ex-sheritf 

Of  London  and   Middlesex. *^^   ii,r,i.-.»^,i 

Devon,  the  Rev,  William  Hart  •  ' 

8t.Aliaver,Coruwall,  to  Charlott 
dan.  of  N.  H.  P.  Lawrence^  esq.  *.;  ..«*  J.ii*U 
bouse. At  ailchcfter,  Mania,  Capt.  O,  T. 


f  ofOort 


Phipps  Hiftnhih  H.?C.  eliUsl  sou  ol  Ad«.  Sr 
Phipp?!!  Horn!"  ijy.|r|-gA(pes,oi»>f 

dau.  of  the  H  f  Ditchaoi  norl, 

and  Hector  0;  \i  Acton,  Mid4i 

Henry  Pcring  TiilLiw  Crcmtc,  esq.  of  the  lAiASk 
Temple,  eldest  son  of  Capt.  Cresie,  ILlf, 
Sarali,  eldest  dau.   of  Professor   Liodlcfj 
Acton  Rfeen. 

2a.    At  Bidston,  the  lUv.  II   C  Lerfr, 
tor  of  Penaelwood.  Soon,  to  Ad«liiide>-0 
yoanrest  dau.  of  C.  H.  Webb„  <«i|.  of  CI 

ton,  Cheshif*. At  St.  Pancnu,  Cupl. 

A.   WmiaiM.  R.   Art.  elcJest   ^vu    of  i^e 
Lieut -Co  I.  iL  Williams,   9 
child  of  Leonard  Fookrr, » 

place. ^At   York,    \\h 

yonnf  est  son  of  tin'  i 
esq.  of  OakJieltl,  t' 
Rachel-Gorcjthint 

late  81  St  Reft. 

esq.  sureeon,  Brent 
of  the  late  Her.  Ch.< 

and  Kiinamanha. \i  K 

the  Rev.  William  Bam< 
Warw,  second  son  of  Thi    . 
Prestbury,  Glouc  lo  Jane,  util 

Dalton,  esq At  St.  Peter's  t 

John  Tyrwliitt  Walker,  fo  Char 

child  of  the  late  Caijt.  Jerrci 

At  Inverness,  the  Rev-  WiUt.i 

Corate  of  Isham,  Xorthaoip.  tu  •  " 

only  dan.  of  the  late  Lieut.-f 

Ikriaite. ^Al  Malvern,  Tboru 

of  piilUv,  F  RC.J^.  to  Emily- V 

M't  KdwinOldnaH 

1     the   Rev.    C.    1' 
K  M  knall  cum   Bag^n 

son  uf  the  lUv.  Charle^^  Heath, 
worth  and  Gtinton,  Norf,  to  >i  1 
dau.  of  Jobii  ToEiirr,  i"^^\.  of  ^t*  ,• 
Surrey 
cs<i.  t* 
of  Chat ^ 

foiifCSiK  to  ;u  /.W 

late  F.  Nose. k  %t 

PjlddfULrtOM.  i  ».|, 


•3 


<1A 


I 
I 


c.  m/i 

of   L\f. : 

H-1-hri.,,    ..,,1,   -.    ,|.,.|.    , 

rti.'iiilJtJ  jJ'wlcaii,  t-'j    fM  '  .  . 
of  the  late  Huifh  Guj  I  n.  •    \ 

Mas  2-     Atl^t.   ll...|,.l|.!i-,: 
Christmas  firc*toh, 
Q,   L-  Gresaon,  Vj 
Kin|r's  Co.  Ireland, 
of  tlie  late  Bdward    i   ,,,    . 
Kent, 

3.    At  New  Ronsney,  Georre  I^lrh  Jtve.  ma, 

I  'nm 


'noeM  Of 
i»     TTTt- 

'Aiird  dam. 
•  afiUlT. 
"tPt    BOuCft 

Ute  M#v. 


t 


'f9f- 


l!.li£uljetli,dj^ 
trnhain. 

h^'-f'-   ^ 

I' 

A: 

Cmi.j^i 
Of   .M  .1 


coId.M.II. 


OBITUARY. 


8ia  GooFRiT  WiVRTBR,  Bart. 

Msf  4.  At  Bsttte  Abbey,  SuiieiTf  aged 
39,  Sir  Godfrey  Vautll  Webster,  the  Gth 
Baronet  (1703),  Commatider  R,N. 

Sir  Gradfrey  wai  born  on  the  3d  Julyt 
1815,  the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Godfrey 
the  fifth  Baronel,  by  Charlotte,  eldest 
daughter  of  Robert  Adamaon,  e^q.  of  Hi  11- 
•trsitt  Berkeley-iqiiAre,  and  of  the  co. 
Wi«t8iesth.  He  tacceeded  to  Ibe  title  on 
the  death  of  hiA  ^tber,  July  17,  1836. 

He  entered  the  navy  Nov.  3, 1828,  piaied 
hit  examiDition  in  1RS0^  and  waa  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Lteuteaant  Jan.  10,  1840. 
He  was  appointed  &i  additioual  to  the 
Princess  Charlotte  104,  the  ^tkg  ship  of  the 
Hon.  Sir  Robert  Slopford  io  the  Medi- 
terranean ;  and  on  the  24th  June  foUowing 
to  the  'ITiundcrer  84,  iu  which  be  served 
for  nearly  two  years,  takini;  part  in  the 
operations  on  the  coast  of  Syria,  and  the 
bombardment  of  St.  Jean  d^Acre.  On 
the  19th  Dec.  1846,  he  was  appointed  to 
the  St.  Vincent,  the  flag-ship  of  Sir  Charles 
Ogle  at  Portsmouth;  and  on  the  1 1th  Jan. 
1 847,  to  the  Shearwater  steamer,  employed 
on  surveying  service  on  the  coast  of  Scot- 
land. On  the  9th  Oct.  tu  the  same  year 
he  waa  appointed  to  the  eommand  of  the 
Tarts rus  steamer^  employed  in  the  Medi- 
terranean. 

Sir  Godfrey  Webster  married,  July  10, 
18S1,  Sara-Joanna,  widow  of  the  II oo. 
Charlea  Ashburnham,  Secretary  of  Em- 
bassy at  Constantinople,  and  younger 
danghter  of  the  late  William  Murray,  esq. 
of  Bt.  James's,  Jamaica,  Leaving  no  male 
issue,  he  is  succeeded  by  his  brotlier 
Augustus  Frederick,  a  Lieutenant  R.N. 
born  in  1819. 


^iR  Dakirl  Tulrr  Obbornr,  Bart. 

AfareA  25.  At  Ratbmines.  near  Dublin, 
aged  70,  Sir  Daniel  Toler  Osborne,  the 
11th  Baronet  (16S9)  of  Newtown,  co. 
Tip|>prary, 

lie  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Henry 
the  tenth  Baronet,  by  Herrict  his  first  wife, 
daughter  and  foheir  of  D«niel  Toler,  esq. 
of  Beech  wood,  co.  Tipperary,  elder  brother 
of  the  first  Esrl  of  Norbury,  the  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleits  in  Ireland. 
The  old  family  estates  had  passed  from 
the  family  by  the  marriage  of  Catharine^ 
Isabella,  only  daughter  and  beireai  of  Sir 
Thoraas  the  eighth  Baronet  (uncle  of  the 
Baronet  now  deoemted),  with  Captain  Ro- 
bert Bernal,  tfho  assumed  the  surname  of 
Oaborne,  and  is  now  Secretary  to  the 
Admiralty  and  M,P.  ht  Mlddlesei. 


L' 


Sir  Daniel  succeeded  h{§  father  ora  the 
S7th  Oct.  1837.  He  married  in  Jan.  1 805 
Lady  Harriette  Trench,  daughter  of  Wtl- 
liam  first  Earl  of  Clancarty  ;  and  by  that 
lady,  who  survires  him,  he  had  isioe  fi?e 
sons  and  five  daughters.  The  former  were 
— I,  Sir  W^iUiam,hisfiucce8sor;  2.  Henry, 
deceased  j  3,  Thomas- Frederic,  Cnpl.  48lh 
Madras  N.  Inf.  who  married  in  1H42  his 
oousin  Anne-Letitia,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
and  Veo.  Charlea  Trench,  D.D.  Arch- 
deacon of  Ardagh,  and  died  at  Secundera. 
bad  of  cholera,  on  the  tame  day  with  hla 
wife,  Feb.  18,  lB4Ui  4.  John  Roby,  de* 
ceaaed ;  and  5.  Charles.  The  daughters 
were — 1.  Aune,  married  in  1834  to  George 
Wynne,  esq.  of  the  Royal  Engineers  i  2. 
Harriette,  married  in  183G  to  John  Scott 
Rud2>ell,  e«q. ;  .i.  Frances,  married  iu  l^^9 
to  the  Rev.  J.  Lealhly«and  died  in  1840  ; 
4.  LouitB,  deoea«ed  ;  and  &.  Emily.. 

The  present  Baronet  was  bom  in  1805, 
and  married  Miss  Tlioropaou,  but  has  no 
issue. 


GbNKRALSIAT.  G.  MONTRR&OR^K.C.H. 

Apnl  ^6.  At  Dover,  aged  79,  General 
SirThomai  Ga^c  Monlnsor,  Knt.,  K.C.H- 
and K.C,  Colonel  of  the  2nd  DragooD 
Guards, 

He  was  the  third  too  of  John  Montre- 
Bori  esq.  of  Belmont,  Kent,  by  a  sistsr 
to  Lieut- General  Sir  Samuel  Aucb- 
muty,  K.C.U.  and  brother  to  the  late  Gen* 
Sir  Henry  Tucker  Moutrersor,  KX.B.  and 
G.C.H.  Colonial  of  the  Uth  Foot,  who 
died  iu  1817,  and  of  whom  a  memoir  ii 
given  in  our  vol.  VIIL  p.  313. 

He  was  born  at  New  Vork  in  17*4.  In 
1789  he  obtained  a  subaltern's  oommia- 
sion  in  the  18th  or  Royal  Irish  Regioiant* 
and  proceeded  immediately  to  join  hia 
corps,  then  atatio&ed  at  Gibraltar.  After 
a  residence  of  two  years  there,  he  returned 
to  England,  and  was  in  a  short  time  ap- 
pointed Assistant  Deputy  Quartermaster* 
General  on  the  Hume  StalT;  but,  the  war 
with  Fiance  breaking  out,  he  was  trans* 
ferred  to  the  same  department  in  the  force 
under  the  eommaiul  of  the  Earl  of  Moira, 
with  whom  be  served  in  Flanders,  and 
until  the  di«per»ion  of  the  troops  he  oom- 
mauded.     Dm  period,  in  the  year 

1 71/4,  he  purL  pany  in  the  Royal 

Iri-'-        >»  '  -'  '^H'  yeitr  17&5 

ht  ben  aerving 

iu  I  y  appointed 

Aide-dr-i^inp  Iu  the  I  ouiiuiuider-in^chief, 
Iiieut<-Gen«  De  Burgh,  by  whom  he  wai 
twice  scut  on  important  business  to  Italy. 


J 


Obituary. — LimU-Omu  Sir  Walter  B,  GUbert.       [Junr, 


652 

On  the  cvacaation  of  ihe  Mediterranean 
by  the  British  troops,  thi»  officer  pro- 
ceeded to  Lisbon,  and  afterwards  to  Eng- 
land. General  De  Burgh  (who  became 
Earl  of  Clanricarde  in  1797)  having  been 
appointed  to  the  ataff  in  Ireland,  he  again 
named  him  his  Aide-decamp,  At  the 
period  of  the  landing  of  the  French  under 
Gen.  Humbert.  Lord  Clan ricarde  was  con- 
fined to  hiB  bed  by  ftickneifl,  but  gave  this 
officer  leave  to  join  the  army  in  the  field, 
where  be  acted  as  Brigade-Major,  until 
the  affair  of  Dally nanick  ti^rminated  that 
short  service. 

Id  May  US&he  was  appointed  to  the 
Majority  of  an  Albanian  corps,  intended 
to  be  employed  in  co-operation  with  the 
British  troops  in  Egypt.  For  this  purpose 
he  embarked  at  YoVmouth,  and  travelled 
through  Genuany  to  Trieste,  and  suiled 
down  the  Adriatic  to  Corfu.  After  re* 
main  tug  there  some  time  he  went  to  the 
ialand  of  Malta,  and  obtained  pcrmi^sian 
to  join  the  eipedition  proceeding  to  Egypt, 
which  he  fortunately  fell  in  with  at  sea. 
He  was  now  appointed  Aide-de-camp  to 
Lord  Hutcliiuaon;  anJ,  after  the  battle  of 
the  '21  Bt  of  March  J  he  was  detached  with 
Colonel  Spencer,  when  that  oflicer  marched 
agabat  Rosctta.  He  waa  directed  by  Colo- 
nel Spenc«r  to  take  the  charge  of  the 
Capitan  Pacha's  battalions,  which  were 
commanded  by  Germans,  and  became  Uie 
nsnai  channel  of  communkation  ttith  his 
Highness.  He  was  siib«e4ueiiilj  detached 
by  the  Commander-in-chief  to  the  Graud 
Vi2ier»  with  whom  he  waa  at  the  battle  of 
Alhauh,  and  on  various  important  occa- 
aious  ;  but  after  the  capture  of  Cairo  he 
was  ordered  to  Englaod  with  di^Bjiatcbe*, 
when  he  had  the  rank  of  Lieut^-Colonel 
conferred  on  him. 

Peace  between  France  and  England  hav- 
log  been  shortly  after  proclaimed,  Lieut.- 
Colonel  Montre&or  exchanged  into  the 
'■J^nd  regiment  of  Dragoons,  terming  in 
India.  After  commanding  this  fine  regi* 
ment  in  various  psrts  of  the  peninsula  of 
India,  he  was  nomtnated  in  18DG  to  the 
important  command  of  the  aubaidiary  force 
at  Hyderabad  ;  and  when  a  aeriuos  insur- 
rection there  took  place,  beaded  by  the 
able  ex-minister  MohiJAUt  Ram,  Lieut.. 
Colonel  Montreaor  was  ordered  to  march 
against  him.  Having  effectually  prevented 
bia  entering  the  southern  dominions  of  the 
Niaam,  and  forced  bim  to  cross  the  rivers 
Taply  and  Nurbnddah,  Lieut. -Colonel 
Montresor  returned  to  Hyderabadf  the  ob- 
ject of  the  expedition  being  accomplished^ 
Two  dangerous  inutinics  tn  the  Madras 
army  occurred  during  Lieut.-Coionel  Mon- 
tresor^s  command  at  this  station,  and  were 
Buppresaed  in  a  great  measure  by  the  steps 
be  punued. 


He  was  recalled  fV'om  Hydetmbad  m 
September  1809  by  the  govenmitiit  <d 
Madras^  and  appointed  the  next  toontli  by 
the  Governor-G€nenil  to  tbe  no  las  im- 

portant  command  of  the  troops  lerrtiif  Ui 
Highness  the  Peif^hwa  at  PoonJili*  la  ' 
service  be  was  twice  eoaployed  in  the 
in  successful  operations  ;  but  on  ' ' 
motion  in  1813  to  the  rank  of  Mi 
General  he  was  called  upon  to  reatgA  kli 
command^  and,  on  his  return  to  EngUatf, 
he  found  peace  had  been  conclud««d  wttli 
France. 

He  was  promoted  to  the  brevet  raal  of 
Colonel  in  I  §10,  to  that  of  Major-Gaicral 
in  1813,  and  to  that  of  Lieut. -Gc&enl  h 
1 S95.  He  was  appointed  to  the  eoouMai 
of  the  ^od  Dragoon  Guards,  Feb.  M» 
1H37,  and  attained  tbe  full  rank  atGmmd 
iu  November  1841. 

The  honour  of  knighthood  was  t^onlcrvei 
upon  Sir  Thomas  Gnge  IVtontreaor  by  Kiaf 
William  IV.  in  1834. 

He  married  in  ISOi  Marr,  dauflitat  d 
Major. f;  "    r      ^        -     '"-.      ^r    Md' 

caster,  i  suilfr  o^ 

Mnjor  I 


Lirut.^Gkw.  Stii  WAi.rBSi  R.  Gilskkr 

May  10.     At  Stevens'*    I!       '      'ni 

street,  aged  68,  Lient^-Gent  ^  irr 

Raleigh  Gilbert,  Bart.  G.C.II ,_*  oi 

the  Council  of  India. 

This  distinguished  officer  laas  koru  at 
Bodmin  in  Cornwall.  He  waa  Uie  IhlrtI 
son  of  the  Rev.  Edmund  Githrrt.  hy  a 
daughter  of  Henry  Gamtt*  ci^.  el  Hriiiol. 
The  Gilbert  family  are  dMceoded from  ih« 
half-brother  of  the  illnstrkiiM  Sir  W^lMr 
Raleigh,  from  which  aoaroe  the  deeettnd 
derived  his  baptismal  nemeft. 

He  entered  the  Bengal  nrmy  In  1800. 
and  in  the  folio winr  year  w«  potted 
to  the  l&th  refifit^  '  '  ure  Inliiatry, 
commanded   by   <  'lemfda   &r 

John)  MacdonaUk.       UtAl  ooriia  hm 

waa  present  at  tbe  dele*t  oi  OeiMm  EVr- 
ron's  brigades  at  Coeli  at  Che  ntnni  aad 
capture  of  Allyghur,  at  tbe  hettle  of  Delht. 
and  the  capture  of  G8  pieeee  of  betff 
artillery f  LI  tumbrils,  and  11  ■tanderda* 
taken  from  General  Louis *ii  force  j  vt  tlic 
storming  of  Agra,  and  at  the  memormhk 
battle  of  Laswaree,  wbcro  TO  pieoea  taf 
cannon,  with  the  ti^hole  of  the  tnmmtf'* 
ammunition  and  bsggagc,  were  eapiiarrd. 
In  that  battle  the  lAtb  Nativft  intmaity 
w  larly  diitinguiabed.       He    waa 

')t  the  battle  of  Dieg,  in  which 
II..  ,,..  ..T  -^it  87  pieces  of  isrtiUcf 7  Mid 
all  their  ammunition ;  at  the  aiihMa|iieail 
fall  of  tlie  fortress  of  Diqg»  nod  el  the 
dcspcriie  hot  tiQiOocetifiil   uuiUta    00 


-  ^-^ 


1833.]       Obituary — Rear^Adniiral  Sir  lliomas  FeUowea. 


053 


Bhurtpore,  under  the  personal  commaiii) 
of  Lord  Lake,  who  highly  esteemed  Hie 
young  s^tddier  fur  hii  gallantry,  hi  >ill 
Ihe8«  arduDuis  iseivices  Lieutenant  Gill>ert 
exhibiteil  thct  Eiame  heroism  which  later  in 
life  indiieed  him  to  dismount  when  be 
found  thut  his  hoti^e  would  not  approach  a 
huge  boar  which  threatened  the  life  of  his 
friend,  and  charge  the  eiirageil  animal  on 
foot  witli  hii  single  «pear. 

As  Captain,  Msjor,  nnd  Colonel  he  was 
fiubiequentlj  employed  in  various  respon- 
aible  offices  ;  but  it  was  on  the  Sutlej  and 
in  the  Punjab  that  the  public  notice  be- 
came  fixed  on  Sir  Walter  Gilbert  as  a  first- 
rate  commander.  Lord  Gough,  in  de- 
scribing  these  heroic  aad  noble  services, 
said, — 

*'  I  want  words  to  express  my  gratitude 
to  Major- General  Gilbert,  Not  only  have 
I  to  record  that  in  this  great  tight  (Feroze- 
shah)  all  was  achieved  by  him  which,  as 
Commaiider-in-Chieft  I  could  desire  to 
have  executed  ;  not  only  on  tins  day  was 
bis  division  enabled  by  his  tskill  and  coura- 
l^eous  example  to  tnumph  over  obstacles 
from  which  a  h-ss  ardent  spirit  would  have 
reeoilfd  as  insurmouutablef  but  ^Ince  ihe 
hour  when  our  leading  columns  moved  out 
of  Umballah  I  have  found  in  the  Major- 
General  an  officer  who  bus  not  merdy 
carried  out  my  orders  io  the  letter,  but 
whose  zeal  and  tact  have  enabled  him,  in 
a  hundred  instances,  to  perfonn  valuable 
services  in  exact  anticipation  of  my  wishes.*' 

And  thus  it  was  at  Moodkee,  at  SobraoOf 
at  Chilian  wallah,  at  Goojemt ;  wherever 
Gilbert  was  there  was  found  successful 
bravery*  H'm  last  crowning  act  finished 
the  campaign  in  the  Funjab,  where  16,0(K> 
old  and  tried  Sikh  soldiers  grounded  their 
arms  to  him. 

Sir  WidterGUbert  was  appointed  Colonel 
of  ihe  JUrst  European  fusiliers  in  1832.  He 
was  nominated  a  Knight  Commander  of 
the  Bath  in  18  ,  and  a  Knight  Grand 
Cross  ill  1850.  In  April  of  the  latter 
year  he  was  appointed  a  provisional  meni' 
ber  of  the  Council  of  India.  He  became 
a  Lieutenant-General  in  1851,  and  in  the 
some  year  was  advanced  to  the  dignity  of 
a  Baronet, 

As  a  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Bath 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  Gilbert  adopted  as 
supporters  to  bis  arm^  a  grenadier  of  the 
I  at  Euro^^ean  Bengal  Fusiliert,  and  a 
fcepov  t>f  the  1 5th  (now  :tuth)  Bengal 
Kative  Infantry* 

He  married  in  1814  a  daughter  of  Major 
Thomas  Ross,  of  tlje  Royal  Artillery,  by 
Isabella,  dauj^hter  of  MacJeod  of  Rasay. 

The  ])reBent  Baronet^  who  was  born  at 
Calcutta  in  1816,  was  appointed  British 
Consul  at  Alexandria  in  Feb.  1848. 


Rear-Adm.  Sir  Thomas  Fsllowss. 

April  V2.  At  the  viearog'e,  Great  Bed* 
wyn,  Wilts,  aged  75,  Rear- Admiral  Sir 
Thomas  Fcllowes,  Kut,  C.B.,  K.C.llL, 
K.L.H,,  K.S.A-  and  K.H.G.,  and  D.CX. 

Sir  Thomas  Fellowes  was  born  in 
Minorca  in  1778.  He  was  the  fifth  and 
youngest  son  of  William  Fellowes,  M.D.  of 
Batb,  Physician  Extraordinary  to  George 
the  Fourth  when  Prince  Regent,  by  the 
elde-Ht  daughter  of  Peregrine  Butler,  esq. 
of  Dungarvoo,  co.  Waterford.  Ho  was 
brother  to  the  present  Sir  James  Fellowes, 
M.D,,  F.R.S.jWho  served  as  Inspector  of 
Hospitals  in  the  Peninsular  war,  and  to 
the  late  Commander  William  Dorset  Fel- 
lowes, R.N.  who  acted  as  Secretary  to  the 
Lord  Great  Chamberlain  at  the  Corona* 
tion  of  King  George  IV. 

He  first  went  to  eea  as  a  midahipman  in 
the  service  of  the  lion.  East  India  Com* 
pony  ;  and  entered  the  royal  navy  towards 
the  close  of  IT!*?  as  master***  mate  on 
board  the  Royal  George  100,  bearing  tlie 
flag  of  Lord  Bridiwrt  in  the  Channel.  He 
cruised  for  some  time  on  the  Irish  station 
as  acting  Lientenaut  of  the  Diana  38  ;  and 
then  proceeded  as  master's  mate  of  the 
Crescent  36  to  the  We*t  Indies,  where  he 
asfsisted  at  the  capture  of  El  Galzo  cor*^ 
vette  of  16  guns  Nov.  15,  1799.  He 
further  served  on  the  same  station  in  the 
Queen  9H,  Saos  Pareil  SO,  and  as  acting 
Lieutenant  of  the  Cumberland  74 «  Snake 
sloop,  and  Carnatic  74 :  and  was  dis- 
charged at  the  peace  of  1802. 

After  the  recommencement  of  hostilities 
he  was  employed  in  the  East  and  West 
Indies  on  board  the  Culloden  74,  Howe 
frigate,  Cornwallis  5(1,  tlindo^tnn  50,  and 
Alceste  40.  Having  been  promoted  to 
Lieuteoant  June  29 *  1B07,  he  joined  the 
Northumberland  74^  bearing  the  flAg  of 
Sir  Alexander  Cochrane  ;  on  I  was  subse- 
qoeotly  attached  to  the  Melville  sloop,  in 
which  he  assisted  at  the  reduction  of  the 
Dutch  West  Indian  islands.  In  March 
1808,  when  iu  command  of  the  Swinger 
gun-brig,  he  contributed  to  the  capture  of 
the  island  of  Deseada,  where,  with  only 
forty  men  under  his  orders,  he  landed 
and  compelled  seventy  regular  troops  and 
militia  to  lay  down  their  arms.  He  sub- 
sequently, in  charge  of  two  boats,  de^ 
stroyed  at  Guadaloupe  T Alert  letter  of 
marque  of  ten  guns  and  forty  men.  On 
the  13th  Nov.  18o8  he  assumed  the  com- 
mand of  the  Unique  brig  of  14  gune,  in 
which  be  served  at  the  capture  of  the 
Salutes  :  and  on  the  21st  May,  1809, 
whilst  at  the  blockade  of  Ba&*eterre,  he 
landed  with  twenty-four  men,  spiked  the 
guns  of  a  botteiji  seized  the  enemy's 
colours  in  the  presence  of  reg;ular  troops 
numbering  five  times  his  own  force,  and 


Obituary.— ZrMtt^-G^n.  James  Webber  SmUh.       [Ja 


654 


then  retired  with  the  loss  of  one  mld- 
shipman  killed  and  seven  men  seTerely 
wounded.  On  this  occasion,  the  Uniqae*s 
boat,  being  completely  riddled,  sank  under 
Lieut.  Fellowes  :  one  musket- ball  passed 
through  his  hat,  and  then  struck  the  pike 
in  his  hand,  and  his  jacket  was  shot 
through  in  two  places  ;  yet  he  escaped  un- 
hurt, the  only  person  of  his  party  who  did 
so.  On  the  Slst  of  the  same  month  the 
Unique  was  destroyed  as  a  fire-ship,  in  a 
frustrated  attempt  made  to  destroy  the 
French  frigates  Furieuse  and  F61icit6. 
Mr.  Fellowes's  services  were  rewarded  with 
a  Commander's  commission  dated  on  the 
16th  Sept.,  and  he  remained  on  half-pay 
until  the  2nd  August,  1810,  when  he  was 
appointed  to  the  chief  command,  under 
Sir  Richard  Goodwin  Keats,  of  the  whole 
Cadiz  flotilla,  consisting  of  thirty  sail  of 
gun-boats.  On  the  1.5th  Nov.  following 
he  was  superseded  by  Capt.  Robert  Hall, 
and  from  that  date  he  commanded  one 
half  of  that  force,  until  the  22nd  April, 
1811,  when  he  again  received  the  chief 
control.  During  this  period  Cnpt.  Fellowes 
was  in  almost  daily  collision  with  the  enemy, 
and  on  several  occasions  he  distinguished 
himself  by  his  personal  gallantry.  Having 
been  promoted  to  post  rank  March  4, 
1811,  he  resigned  the  command  of  the 
flotilla  in  the  following  June,  having  from 
the  previous  September  never  slept  out  of 
the  cabin  of  the  Watchful,  which  was  only 
7  feet  long  and  3  high. 

From  the  11th  Feb.  1811,  to  Nov.  1814, 
Capt.  Fellowes  commanded  the  Fawn  20, 
in  which  he  recaptured  the  Perthshire 
letter  of  marque  of  14  guns,  and  on  the 
11th  Jan.  1813,  near  Puerto  Caballo,  the 
Rosamond,  a  notorious  American  privateer 
of  8  heavy  guns  and  105  men.  For  his 
conduct  in  escorting  a  fleet  of  merchant- 
men from  Cork  to  Barbados  he  received 
several  public  acknowledgment;*,  including 
a  piece  of  plate  from  the  merchants  of 
Curacoa.  He  was  nominated  a  Companion 
of  the  Bath  on  the  4th  June,  1815,  and 
on  the  22d  Feb.  1822  he  had  leave  to 
accept  the  Spanish  order  of  King  Charles 
in.  for  his  distinguished  intrepidity  in 
the  defence  of  Cadix. 

On  the  21st  Feb.  1827  he  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  Dartmouth  42,  in 
which  he  sailed  to  the  Mediterranean  with 
the  duplicate  of  the  treaty  between  Great 
Britain,  France,  and  Russia,  for  the  pro- 
tection of  Greece.  At  the  battle  of  Na- 
varino,  which  took  place  on  the  20th  Octo- 
ber following,  he  was  entrusted  with  the 
j'are  of  six  fire-ships  and  four  ()ther  ves- 
sels, with  which  he  saved  La  Sir^ne,  the 
French  Admiral's  flsg-ship,  from  destruc- 
tion. For  tliis  action  he  wn^  decorated 
with  the  insignia  of  the  Legion  of  Honour, 


the  second  elau  of  St.  Aane  of 
and  the  order  of  the  Redeemor  of  Gfwoi; 
and  on  his  retnm  to  EngUnd  he  leoiifii 
the  honour  of  knighthood,  Feb.  IS,  IM, 
and  was  presented  with  a  sword  by  H.R.H. 
the  Duke  of  Clarence,  then  Lord  Higk 
Admiral.  He  paid  off  the  Dartnumlh 
March  16,  1830. 

On  the  25th  March,  1836,  he  wu  ap- 
pointed to  the  Pembroke  74,  on  the  Lbb« 
station,  from  which  he  remored  on  tk 
26th  January  (bllowing  to  the  Vangori 
80,  in  the  Mediterranean.  On  theSOlh 
Nov.  1841,  he  was  appointed  a  Nml 
Aide-de-camp  to  the  Queen.  On  the  ftk 
Feb.  1843,  he  became  Superintendent  ef 
the  Royal  Naval  Hospital  and  VictflAlliH 
Yard  at  Plymouth,  where  he  continned  fcr 
three  yean ;  and  he  had  since  leRded  tf 
Tamerton  Foliot,  near  that  town.  Hewa 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  Rear*  Admiral  ii 
1849;  and  was  latterly  on  the  reacnei 
half-pay  list,  and  in  reoeipt  of  a  good-i«* 
Tice  pension. 

He  married  first,  on  the  9th  Not.  IBIS, 
Katharine-Mary,  eldest  dang hter  of  tiv 
late  Sir  William  Abdy,  Bart.,  Capt.  R.N. 
By  that  lady,  who  died  in  Oct.  1817.  W 
had  one  son,  William  Abdy  FeUowei. 
Ck>mmander  R.N.  (18&0},  and  two  da^k- 
ters.  He  married  secondly,  Ang.  24, 1819, 
Mary  Anne  Catharine,  imly  child  of  tht 
late  Isaac  Hnmphreyi ,  esq.  Colonel  in  the 
Bengal  Artillery,  sod  Military  Secretly 
to  that  goTernment ;  by  whidi  ukmrrhgm 
he  had  forther  iisoe,  inohidiaf  Charles, 
now  First  Lieutenant  of  Che  Spaitnn  2ft, 
in  the  East  Indies. 


Libut.-Gen.  J.  W.  Smith,  C.B. 

ilf(EircA2l.  At  Brighton,  in  his  75lh 
year,  Lieut.-Oenersl  Jsmes  Webber  Smith. 
C.B.,  Colonel  Commandaiit  of  the  4U 
battalion  of  Royal  Artillery. 

He  received  his  oommlssion  as  FinI 
Lieutenant,  Oct.  S,  1795  ;  was  promoted 
to  Captain  Lientenant  in  1802,  to  Sccoad 
Captain  in  1804,  and  to  Captain  in  1808^ 
Htt  was  present  at  the  attach  of  Minofca 
in  1798,  at  the  siege  of  Malta  in  1800,  tbs 
defence  of  Porto  Ferrajo  in  1802,  and  ia 
the  expedition  to  Walcheren  and  siege  of 
Flushing.  He  proceeded  to  the  F^nia- 
sula.  and  was  engaged  in  the  campaigna  ia 
Spain  and  Portugal  from  Jan.  1813  to 
May  1814,  including  the  battle  of  Vlttoria, 
the  psssage  of  the  Bidassoa  and  Nive,  and 
the  siege  of  St.  Seliastian.  He  was  H«^ 
engaged  in  the  campaign  of  1815,  in- 
chiding  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  He  i«» 
ceived  the  gold  medal  and  one  dasp  for 
Vittoria  and  St.  Sebastian,  and  the  ailver 
war  medal  with  two  clasps  for  Nivelle  and 
Nive.    Altogether  he  bad  two  medals  and 


1853.]       Gen,  Daubeney.-^Gen,  Gahriel^-^Capt*  Poore* 


655 


eight  cUqiB  \  m  well  an  the  Compamon- 
Bhip  of  the  Bath. 

He  Btiaiiied  ihe  br<?vet  rank  of  Major 
iu  JuDe  IU13,  iind  that  of  Lieut. •Colonel 
IQ  September  of  the  tame  year.  In  IB'24 
he  hccame  u  re^itDfintiil  Major ;  in  11:125 
regimental  Lieut. -Colonel;  in  1830 brevet 
Colonclj  in  1837  regimpntal  CwJotiel;  in 
li!i41  Major-BeneTnl ;  and  in  DA  * ,  Lieut.- 
GeneraL 

He  was  for  aome  time  Director-General 
of  Artillery,  which  office  he  resigned  oa 
being  appointed  Colonel- Comoiaudant  of 
the  4th  batt^ilion,  June  2,  1848,  where- 
upon he  retired  to  Brighton. 


Major-General  Daheienry^ 
April  10.  At  Rome,  Major-Gen.  Henry 
Daubeneyp  K.H.,  Colonel  of  the  80th  Re- 
gibs  en  t,  and  a  magistrate  for  the  ooutity 
of  Gloucester. 

He  wa«  the  third  »oii  of  John  Daubeney, 
eaq.  of  Bristol,  by  Miaa  Aune  Brown,  who 
waa  maternally  deaceuded  from  the  ancient 
family  of  Uungerford,  He  was  a  youoger 
brotberuf  the  late  John  Daubeaey,  D.C.L. 
and  of  the  Rer.  Francia  Hungerford  Dau- 
beney, Rector  of  Beowellt  Norfolk,  and  of 
Tyd  St.  Gile8*e,  co.  Cambridge ;  and  ne- 
phcw  to  George  Daubeney,  eaq«  aometime 
M.P.  for  Brtatol,  and  the  Ven.  Charles 
Daubeney,  Archdeacon  of  Salisbury. 

He  was  appointed  Eosign  in  the  84th 
Foot  July  8,  1796  J  and  Lieutcoftot  in  the 
following  October.  He  aerted  at  ihe 
taking  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and 
the  capture  of  the  Dutch  fleet  at  Saldanha 
bay  Id  1790,  Ha  ring  attained  hia  compatiy 
in  S<-pt.  1797,  he  left  the  Cape  at  the  end 
of  179H,8nd  Accooipatiieil  bia  regiment  to 
India^  where  he  served  tn  the  campaiga  of 
lSOl-2  BgaiuKt  the  Mahratta  chieftaina, 
and  commanded  thegrenadierfiof  the  B4th 
at  the  aisault  and  capture  of  Kurree  ;  and 
aiso  in  the  GuKemta  in  I80'i,  1803,  and 
1804,  lit  the  reduction  of  other  forts  by 
8tr  John  Murray's  army.  In  1005  he  re* 
turned  tu  i^litgland  on  a  sick  certificate; 
and  in  May  1808  he  was  promoted  to 
Major. 

In  1 809  he  proceeded  to  WaJchereo,  and 
was  present  at  the  aiege  and  Eurrender  of 
Flnahing.  In  IBl  I  he  went  out  a  second 
time  to  India,  and  joined  the  fir«t  battalion 
of  his  regiment,  with  which  he  continued 
until  promoted  to  a  Lieut-Colonelcy  hi 
lUl:i,  when  be  obtained  leave  to  join  the 
■ecoud  battalion  in  Flanders,  but  did  not 
arrive  in  time  to  share  in  the  battle  oi 
Waterloo.  He  attained  the  rouk  of  Co- 
louel  in  1B30,  and  that  of  Major-General 
in  1841. 

General  Daubeney  married  Sept.  92, 
1808,  his  cousin,  Elisabeth,  eldest  daughter 
of  the  Ven.  Cliarles  Daubeney,  Archdeacoo 


of  Salisbiary ;  by  whom  he  had  isaoe  (with 
others  who  died  in  infancy)  three  sons  : 
Major  Henry  Charlejs  Baruston  Daubeney, 
C»B.  Major  of  the  55th  Foot ;  the  Rev, 
Henry  William  Bowles  Daubeney,  who  is 
deceased;  and  Frederick-Sykee,  Captain  of 
the  44th  Foot  ;  and  two  daughters,  Elisa- 
beth-Sophia, and  Maria- Barnston. 

MaioK'Gsnkral  Gabrirl,  C.B. 

April  t&.  In  Connaugbt-place  Weat^ 
aged  74,  Major-General  Robert  Burd 
Gabriel,  C.B.  and  K.H.,  Colonel  of  the 
7th  Dragoon  Guards. 

He  entered  the  2nd  Dragoon  Guards  as 
Cornet,  Sept,  28,  17117;  became  Lieu- 
tenant in  1800,  and  Captain  in  IS 05, 

He  was  etoployed  in  the  Walcberen  ex- 
pedition in  1609.  He  served  on  the  staft 
111  the  Poutnaula,  as  aide-de-camp  to  Sir  W. 
Stewart  and  General  Le  Marchant,  until 
the  end  of  that  war  in  1814,  and  he  re- 
ceived the  war  medal  with  four  claf>ps  for 
the  battles  of  Buiaeo,  Aihuhera,  Vitturta, 
and  the  Pyrenees,  For  the  lu«t  he  was 
raised  to  the  brevet  rank  of  Major,  Aug. 
26,  1813;  and  for  his  former  strvices  in 
the  field  that  of  Lieut. -Colonel  was  con- 
ferred upon  bim  10  IBllK  He  was  advanced 
to  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  1837.,  and  to  that 
of  Major-General  in  1B46.  He  had  be^n 
appointed  to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  7  th 
Dragoon  Guards  harely  a  month  before 
his  decease. 


CaPTAIJ<  WitLlAM  POORE,   R.N. 

April  I.  At  Aodover,  in  his  ti4th  year, 
Capt.  William  Poore,  R.N.  for  many  years 
a  magistrate  for  that  borough. 

H«  entered  the  navy  Sept,  15,  18O0,  aa 
first-class  volunteer  on  board  the  Ganges 
74,  which  was  employed  first  off  Brest, 
then  in  the  Baltic,  where  she  was  engaged 
in  the  battle  of  Copenhagen,  and  after' 
wards  at  St,  Domingo ;  from  whence  Mr* 
Poore  returned  to  England  as  midshipman 
of  L«  Decade  frigate.  He  served  during 
the  neit  six  years  in  the  Amphion  and  Vic- 
tory, both  flag-ah)p§  of  Lord  Nebon,  the 
CamelioQ  aloop,  and  Eurydiee  and  Dmid 
frigates.  In  the  Amphion  he  was  pre- 
sent at  the  capture  of  the  Orion  Dutch  In- 
diaman,  the  first  enemy's  fessel  taken  after 
the  renewal  of  hostilities;  in  the  Victory 
he  a«dsted  at  the  blockade  of  Toulon;  and 
in  the  Eurydiee  he  was  often  in  action  with 
gun-boats  and  batteries.  In  the  Came- 
Uon'i  boats  he  partook  of  much  detached 
service  on  the  coasti  of  Genoa  and  France. 

On  the  2d  of  March  1809,  he  waa  made 
Lieutenant  into  the  Hindostao  of  50  guos, 
fitting  for  a  voyage  to  New  South  Wales, 
where  be  took  charge  of  the  Dromedary 
itore-ihip  when  on  fire,  and  penoDall^ 


CapU  Grant. — ZAeul.  Sh*atford.^'G.  Palmer^  JKry.    [June, 


656 


assisted  in  extinguishing  the  flames.  On 
the  28th  Jan.  1811  he  became  First  Lient. 
of  the  Rainbow  28,  employed  in  co-ope- 
ration with  the  patriots  on  the  coast  of 
Catalonia  ;  and  from  which  he  invalided 
in  May  1812.  In  Dec.  following  he  be- 
came first  of  the  Chanticleer  10,  in  which 
he  served  at  the  capture  of  Guadaloupe  in 
1815,  and  continued  employed  until  paid 
off  in  August  1816. 

On  the  29th  Oct.  1822  he  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  Lion,  an  active 
and  successful  revenue  cruiser ;  and  on  the 
31st  May  1825  to  the  Astrea  packet,  Capt. 
Wm.  King,  stationed  at  Falmouth;  and 
Dec.  22  following,  to  the  command  of  the 
Kingfisher,  another  Falmouth  packet, 
which  he  resigned  in  consequence  of  ill 
health  and  impaired  vision  in  Dec.  1828. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  out-pension  of 
Greenwich  Hospital  March  3,  1834  ;  and 
to  the  retired  rank  of  Commander  April 
9,  1847. 

Captain  Poore  married,  June  10,  1817, 
Marianne,  daughter  of  Richard  Jeffreys, 
esq.  of  Basingstoke,  and  had  issue  two 
sons  and  one  daughter.  His  brother  John 
is  a  Lieutenant  R.N.  of  the  year  1815. 


Captaix  Grant. 

Dec,  28.  At  Houston,  iu  Texas,  iu  his 
39th  year,  Capt.  Grant,  formerly  of  Stour- 
bridge, in  Worcestershire. 

Capt.  Grant  served  with  distinction 
during  the  greater  portion  of  the  Carlist 
war  in  Catalonia,  under  the  Condc  de 
Kspana  and  General  Cabrera.  In  the 
action  fought  before  Gerona,  on  the  1 1th 
of  June,  1837,  the  battalion  to  which  he 
belonged,  numbering  800  men,  and  formed 
of  deserters  from  the  French  Algerinc 
legion,  was  utterly  destroyed  ;  he  escaped 
with  seven  lance  wounds,  the  marks  of 
which  he  bore  to  the  day  of  his  death. 
At  the  siege  of  Ripoll,  soon  after  the  affair 
of  Gerona,  Capt.  Grant  led  the  storming 
party,  and  was  shot  through  the  body  in 
so  critical  a  part  that  he  was  thought  to 
be  dead,  and  was  left  for  several  hours 
among  the  slain  at  the  foot  of  the  breach. 
When  Cabrera  retired  into  France  iu 
1840,  Ca])tHin  Grant  returned  to  England, 
and  the  following  year  proceeded  to  Texas, 
where  he  became  much  respected,  and 
where  he  ha^  met  an  untimely  end  from 
the  hand  of  some  ruffianly  assassin  in  an 
electioneering  brawl. 


LiKUT.  W.  S.  Stiiatkoud,  II. N. 
March  29.     At  Notting    Hill    square, 
Hpcd  02,  William  S.miuel   IStratford,  esq. 
I^ieutenant  R.N..  Fellow  of  the  Royal  and 
Royal  Asfronomiral  Societies. 

He  entered  the  navy  on  the   10th  Feb. 
180(i,  as  first  class  volunteer  on  board  the 
11 


Pomp^  71,  Capt.  Richard  Daerei ;  aai 
while  in  that  ship,  which  bore  the  flqi 
successively  of  Admirala  Sir  Wm.  Sidacy 
Smith  and  Henry  Edwin  Stanhope,  hero- 
operated  in  the  defence  of  Gaeta  and  tk 
reduction  of  Capri,  accompanied  the  a- 
pedition  to  the  Dardanelles,  assisted  at 
the  destruction  of  a  Turkish  aqoadron  cff 
Point  Pesquies,  and  was  present  in  tk 
attack  upon  Copenhagen.  After  icrriai 
for  a  few  weeks  with  Capt.  John  Seofcfl 
in  the  Victory  104,  at  Chatham,  he  it- 
joined  Sir  W.  S.  Smith,  in  March  IMS. 
on  board  the  Foudroyant  80,  and  MiM 
for  the  coast  of  Brazil.  On  his  retwa 
home  in  May,  1809,  he  was  nominild 
master's  mate  in  the  Puissant  74,  lying  it 
Spithead.  He  next  served,  in  the  nw 
capacity,  in  the  Theseus  74,  in  the  North 
Sea,  from  April  1810  to  March  1812; 
and  on  the  I4th  March,  1815,  he  wsiid- 
vanced  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant,  tarn 
which  period  he  remained  on  half-pay. 

Lieut.  Stratford  was  appointed  qq  tk 
S:2nd  April,  1831,  Superintendent  of  tk 
Nautical  Almanac,  which  duty  he  has  psr- 
formed  from  that  time.  He  published  is 
1831  an  Index  to  the  Stars  in  the  Cals- 
logue  of  the  Royal  Astronomical  Society; 
and  in  1838  a  volume  on  the  Elements  of 
th?  Orbit  of  Halley's  Comet. 

lie  was  married,  and  had  children.  Hii 
widow  Martha,  having  surviTcd  him  little 
more  than  three  weeks,  died  on  the  93bd 
of  April. 

George  Palmbb,  Esa. 

May  12.  At  Nssiv  Ark,  E-sex,  in 
his  82d  year,  Geoife  Palmer,  esq.  a  De- 
puty Lieutenant  moA.  magiatrate  of  that 
county,  a  magistrate  of  Hertfordshire,  and 
late  M.P.  for  the  Southern  division  of 
Essex. 

Mr.  Palmer  was  descended  fromayoungcr 
son  of  the  Palmers  of  Wanlip  in  Leieet- 
tenthire.  He  was  bom  on  the  11  th  Fieb. 
1772,  the  eldest  son  of  William  Palmer, 
esq.  of  the  name  place,  and  a  merchant  of 
London,  by  Mary,  only  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  John  Horsley,  M.A.  Hector  of  Thor- 
ley,  lierts.  and  Newington  Uutts,  Surrey, 
and  sister  to  Bishop  Horsley.  lie  wss 
the  elder  brother  of  Mr.  Horsley  Palmer, 
late  Governor  of  the  Bank  of  England. 

Mr.  Palmer  was  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent merchants  and  shipowners  of  the  eitj 
of  London.  In  1832,  when  the  port  of 
South  Shields  became  a  parliamentary  bo- 
rough by  the  operation  of  the  Reform  Act, 
he  was  a  candidate  for  its  represcntdtioa. 
He  had  two  competitors,  Mr.  Ingham  and 
M  r.  Gowan ;  and  the  former  was  elected  by 
205  votes,  Mr.  Palmer  polling  108,  and 
Mr.  Gowan  104.  Mr.  Palmer  afterwards 
sat  in  Parliament  for  the  Southern   dl« 


1853.] 


Jbituary. — Andrew  Lawsonp  IBtq. 


657 


^        vision  of  £ssex  dtiriag  three  parUamenta. 
He  was  first  returned  on  the  death  of  Mr. 
Hall  Dare  in  the  year  18.'?6  :  whcQ  he  wns 
I        opposed  by  Mr.  BraufiU  on  the  part  of  the 
LlWftls,  but  obtained  his  election  by  a 
majority  of  2103  to  1527.     At  the  general 
election  of  1837  he  encotintered  auother 
contest,  whirh  terminated  thus : — ■ 
ThomoB  Wm.  Bramston,  esq.     2311 
George  Palmer,  esq.      .     .     .     2260 
Chftmpion  Edw.  BranM,  esq.      1550 
At  the  election  of  1841  he  was  opposed 
by  Mr.  Alston,  but  still  less  effectually, 
the  poM  being  for — 
Thootafl  Wm.  BramBtOD,  eiq.     2310 
George  Palmer,  esq*     .     .     .     2230 
Rowland  Gardner  Alston,  esq.      583 
In  IB  IT  Mr,  Palmer  declined  the  contest, 
and  Mr.  W.  Bowyer  Smijth,  the  Conserv- 
ative catididate,  was  defeated. 

Whilst  a  member  of  the  House  of  Coeh- 
IDOUB,  Mr.  Palmer  was  the  chairman  of 
several  select  committees  on  Ehipwrecks. 
He  was  the  mvcntor  of  a  valuable  plau  of 
life* boat,  which,  under  the  auspicea  of 
the  Royal  National  Instilulion  for  the 
Preaerration  of  Life  from  Shipwreck,  has 
been  the  means  of  saving  some  hundreds 
of  shipwrecked  persona  on  our  conats^  and 
for  which  be  waj,  a  few  weeks  before  his 
lamented  deathi  presented  with  the  gold 
medallion  of  the  institution.    He  had  been 

^thQ  deputy  cbairoian  of  the  society  for 
upwards  of  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and 
never  allowed  any  of  his  own  ships  to  go 
to  sea  without  prcvioufily  jtroviding  them 
with  every  means  for  !<aving  life  in  caaea 
of  accident.  He  had  for  many  years  poat 
supported,  at  hia  own  coat,  a  corps  of 
yeomanry,  which,  it  is  believed,  will  be 
continued  by  bis  son  and  heir,  Major 
Palmer. 

Mr.  Palmer  married,  on  the  29th  Dec. 
17^5,  Anna- Maria,  daughter  and  co-heir 
of  William  Bund,  esq.  of  Wick,  co*  Wor- 
cester, and  had  ijssue  three  tons  and  two 
daugbterf!.  The  former  were :  I.  George 
Palmer,  esq.  who  married  in  1827  Eliza. 
belh'Cbarlotte,  daughter  of  John  Surtees, 
esq,  formerly  of  Newcastlc-npon-Tyne  -, 
she  died  in  1848,  leaving  issue.  3.  WiU 
liam  Palmer^  eaq,  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
barristcr-atdaw ;  and  3»  Francis  Palmer, 

[,  alto  of  the  Iimer  Temple,  barrister- 
The  elder  danghtcr  died  in  in- 

tcy.  The  younger.  Eliiabetb,  was  mar- 
ried in  ia30  to  Robert  Biddulph,  esq*  of 
Ledbury^co.  Hereford,  formerly  M.P.  for 
the  city  of  Hereford. 


Andrew  Lawson,  Esq. 

Fth.  28,  Aged  52,  Andrew  LawsoD, 
esq.  of  Aldboroagh  Manor,  near  Bortmgb- 
bridge,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the  West 

Gknt.  Mag.  Vol.  3LXXIX. 


Riding  of  Yorkshire,  and  acting  magistrate 
for  the  Nortli  and  West  Ridings  and  the 
liberty  of  Ripon. 

Mr.  Luw&on  was  descended  from  Sir 
George  Lnwaon,  Treasurer  of  Berwick,  and 
Lord  Mayor  of  York  in  1530.  He  was 
the  second  son  of  the  Rev.  Marmaduke 
L&waon,  M.A.  Rector  of  Sproalley  and  a 
Prebendary  of  Ripon,  by  Barbara- Isabella 
daughter  of  John  Wilkinson,  esq.  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  His  elder  brother  Mar- 
maduke Lawson,  esq.  waa  a  diBtinguighed 
scholar  at  Cambridge,  where  he  obtained 
Sir  William  Browne's  medal  for  the  Latin 
Ode  in  1B12,  the  Pitt ficholarshjp  in  1814, 
and  the  CbanceHor's  medal  in  IBIG,  and 
he  afterwards  sat  in  Parliament  for  Bo- 
roughb ridge  from  1818  to  1920. 

Mr.  Andrew  Lawson  was  a  member  ol 
Merton  college,  Oxford,  but  did  not  take 
a  degree. 

He  succeeded  to  the  Wilkinson  estates 
on  the  decease  of  \m  elder  brother,  who 
died  unmarried  March  10,  1S23. 

At  the  general  election  of  1830,  Mr. 
Law$i>ou  was  a  candidate  for  the  borough 
of  Boroitghbridge  f previously  represented 
by  his  brother)  in  opposition  to  the  can- 
didates  in  the  intere>st  of  the  Duke  of 
Newcastle ;  but  the  former,  Sir  Charles 
Wctherell  nnd  Muttbios  Attwood,  esq. 
polled  38  votes,  and  Mr.  Lawson  and  W. 
A.  MackinnoOf  esq.  only  20. 

When  the  Reform  Act  of  1832  had  en- 
larged the  constituency  of  Koareaboroogh, 
Mr.  Lawson  became  a  candidate  tn  the 
Conservative  interest,  but  was  not  suc- 
cessfulj  the  poll  being  for — 

John  Richards,  esq.  ...  187 
Benjamin  Rote h,  e^q.  ...  116 
Henry  Rich,  esq.  ....  9$ 
Andrew  Lawson,  esq.  ...  76 
In  1835  he  was  more  fortunate,  being 
retamed  at  the  head  of  the  poU^ 
Andrew  Lawson,  esq.  179 

John  Richards,  esq,  134 

Henry  Rich,  esq Ill 

Sir  George  A.  Lew  in      ...      30 
la  1837  he  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Rich- 
Henry  Rich,  esq 17S 

Hon.  C,  Langdftle      ....     134 

Andrew  Lawson,  esq.     .     .     .     118 

But  in  1841  he  was  again  retumed  to 

Parliament  for  the  laue  borotigbi  the  poll 

being — 

Andrew  Lawson,  esq.  ,  .  .  150 
William  B.  Ferrand,  esq.  .  *  122 
Charles  Sturgeon,  esq.        .    .       85 

At  the  general  election  of  1847»  how- 
ever, Mr.  Lawson  was  again  defeated,  by 
the  Right  Hon,  W.  S.  Lascelles  and  Mr. 
Brown-Westhead  ;  nor  was  he  more  ttic- 
cetsfttl  on  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the 
4  P 


658    Obituary.—- Wm.  Brummelly  Esq. — James  Boehe,  Esq.    [Jum^ 


death  of  Mr.  Lascellei  in  July  1851,  and 
•t  the  last  general  election  he  was  not  a 
candidate. 

The  name  of  Mr.  Lawson  was  in  high 
estioMition  among  antiquaries,  from  the 
xeal  which  he  displayed  in  the  inTestiga- 
tion  and  presenration  of  the  Roman  anti- 
quities discovered  on  his  estate  at  Aid- 
borough,  where  the  village  stands  within 
the  embankments  of  the  ancient  Isnrium. 
When  the  Archieological  Institute  held 
their  annual  meeting  at  York  in  the  year 
1846,  they  visited  Aldborough,  and  were 
entertained  by  Mr.  Lawson.  The  remains 
of  Isurium  have  since  been  illustrated  in  ■ 
quarto  volume  by  Mr.  Henry  Ecroyd 
Smith,  intitled  Reliquiae  Isuriann,  1852| 
and  also  in  Mr.  Gill's  Vallis  Eboracensis. 

Mr.  Lawson  was  a  gentleman  o^  th^i 
most  agreeable  manners,  and  was  highly 
esteemed  both  in  public  and  private  life. 

He  married  Feb.  1,  1823,  Marianne- 
Anna-Maria,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Sir  Thomas  Sherlock  Gooch,  Bart,  and  by 
that  lady  he  had  issue  eight  sons  and  two 
daughters.  He  is  succeeded  by  his  eldest 
son,  Andrew  Sherlock  lisweon,  esq.  bom 
in  1824  ;  and  who  married  on  the  Ist  July 
last  Isabella,  the  youngest  daughter  of  John 
Grant,  esq.  of  Nnttall  Hall,  Lancashire. 

William  Brummbll,  Eso. 

May  5.  Aged  78,  William  Brummell, 
esq.  of  Wivenhoe  House,  near  Colchester. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  William 
Brummell,  esq.  of  Donnington,  Berkshire, 
who  served  the  office  of  High  Sheriff  for 
that  county ;  and  was  educated  at  Eton, 
from  whence  he  removed  to  Oxford,  but 
took  no  degree. 

He  married  Miss  Anne  Daniell,  the 
daughter  of  James  Daniell,  esq.  Governor 
of  Bombay,  and  whose  sister  married  the 
Hon.  Lindsey  Burrell,  of  Stoke  Park, 
near  Ipswich,  a  younger  brother  of  Lord 
Willoughby  D'Eresby. 

He  was  the  elder  brother  of  the  late 
George  Brummell,  esq.  the  celebrated 
Beau,  whose  life  has  been  published  by 
Captain  Jesse. 

The  deceased  was  the  last  male  of  his 
family,  but  has  left  issue,  two  daughters 
and  co-heirs  ;  the  elder  married  the  llev. 
Matthew  Dawson  Duffield,  Canon  of 
Middleham,  and  Vicar  of  Stebbing,  in 
Essex,  and  the  younger  is  the  widow  of 
Sir  Thomas  Pigott,  Bart. 

Captain  Jesse  some  years  back  did  ample 
justice  to  the  history  of  Beau  Brummell; 
but  was  not  aware  of  the  evidence  of  his 
descent  which  has  since  been  given  in 
Notes  and  Queries,  vol.  ii.  p.  264. 
William  Brummell,  the  grandfather  of  the 
Beau  and  of  the  gentleman  now  deceased, 
was  the  faithful  and  confidential  servant 


of  Charlet  Monaoii,  brother  of  thf  inl 
Lord  Modi  CD. 


Jambs  Rocrv,  Esq. 

Aprii  1.  At  Cork,  in  hi«  83rd  yw. 
James  Roche,  esq.  Director  of  the  Mi- 
tional  Bank  of  Ireland,  Pretldont  of  lit 
Cork  Library  Sooioty,  Presidait  of  lit 
Cork  School  of  Deoisn,  Vioe-PrendOTt  oT 
the  Royal  Cork  Inatitation,  ChalrnM  of 
the  Munater  Provincial  Colkfo  Con- 
mittee,  and  of  soTeral  other  local  hfmk 
and  committees  (and  for  tome  yens  i 
frequent  correapondent  of  our  Manni 
under  the  well-known  aignature  of  J.  R.J 

Mr.  Roche  was  descended,  both  oa  dbe 
paternal  and  maternal  aide,  from  aaes- 
tors  occupying  for  many  dentariaadb- 
thigaiihed  rank  amongst  lbs  teiritarid 
aristocracy  of  Ireland.  He  was  bon  ii 
Limerick  on  the  30th  Dee.  1770,  baif 
the  third  ion  of  Stephen  Roche,  tf|.  by 
his  second  wife,  Sarah  O'Bryea.  Hii 
father  was  lineal  descendant  and  !«»• 
sentative  of  Maarice  Roche,  who  whb 
mayor  of  Cork  in  1571  reoelTed  a  coUvil 
SS.  from  Queen  Elisabeth,  and  who  «■ 
grandson  of  David  Roche,  Lord  Vb* 
count  Fermoy,  who  died  io  1492.  Sanl 
O'Bryen,  hia  mother,  was  daogfateriai 
coheiress  of  John  O'Bryen,  esq.  of  Mof* 
vanine  and  Clounties,  oo.  Limerick,  chief  rf 
the  O'Bryens  of  Arran,  lineal  deseeadssti 
of  the  great  Brien  Boroimhe,  monafch  sf 
Ireland.  Stephen  Rodie,  esq.  ofRjwhiB, 
CO.  Galway,  nephew  fo  the  deceased,  is 
the  present  repreientidfe  oi  this  ancient 
house. 

Mr.  Roche  was  Mat  to  Trance  at  As 
early  age  of  fifteen,  and  for  two  years  pv^ 
sued  his  studies  at  the  College  of  SaiatH, 
one  of  those  which  eiisted  previoasly  Is 
the  Revolution.  His  proficiency,  svsa 
during  that  short  period,  in  erery  one  of 
the  preparatory  branefaea  of  leamiag,  wit 
rapid  and  remarkable.  The  parity  of  Ui 
pronunciation,  and  his  idiooaatie  prs^lsa 
while  conversing  in  French,  were  so  Miw 
feet  that  he  was  freqaently  mistaken  for  s 
native.  Having  returned  to  Ireland  SI 
the  end  of  two  yeara,  he  made  but  a  shsit 
stay  at  homo,  and  then  revisited  Fraasi^ 
where  he  remained  for  seven  yeatSy  ps*1^ 
devoted  to  his  favourite  poraails,  ths  se- 
en mulation  of  knowledge,  and  the  cnltat 
and  refinement  of  his  taste,  and  partly  os^ 
cupled  In  the  managensent  of  buaiaai, 
into  which  he  was  early  initiated,  #iii»Ti^ 
into  partnership  with  his  brother  Oeorgs^ 
who  conducted  an  extenilTe  wine  trade  rt 
Bordeaux.  In  that  city  he  principsUy 
resided,  for  the  convenience  of  transactiiv 
his  business,  and  taking  charge  of  ths 
family  property  entrusted  to  his  oars  -  jgi 
his  avocations,  his  stadias,  mr,  it  mmf  (^ 


1853.] 


Obituary, — Jame^  Boche,  Esq, 


659 


the  lincontrolkble  and  feverish  escitemant 
of  the  boar,  frequefitlj  brougUt  him  to  the 
capital,  where  be  u«ed  tosojiium  for  some 
time,  and  where  be  had  the  <»pportamty  of 
gaxlDg  at  the  Arat  gladsome  and  glorious 
scenes  of  the  new  locrial  and  politicai 
drama,  which  Prance,  tremaloas  alike 
with  the  unwonted  joy  of  aa  unexpected 
dcliveranop,  and  with  the  «ppi«hen«ioDi 
iniepiurahle  from  the  gpeotacle  of  a  gruod 
eiperiment  of  theoretic  principles  reduced 
to  practice,  now  prepared  to  eihibit  to 
the  delight,  the  astonishmeDt,  the  dismay, 
the  terror,  and  the  despair  of  the  ciTiliaed 
world. 

In  17G9,  on  the  memorable  5th  Mny, 
about  a  year  oad  a  half  after  his  return  lo 
France,  he  partook  of  the  getiersl  delight, 
and  shared  the  fervid  hopes  and  aspira- 
tions  of  those  who  were  either  oolookeri 
or  actors  in  that  most  magniticent  spec- 
tacle,  the  assembling  of  the  States  Gene- 
ral, From  that  eventfal  day,  when  the 
hopes  of  the  good,  the  true,  the  enlight- 
ened, and  the  humane,  had  reached  their 
culminating  point,  down  through  the  snc- 
oessife  steps  of  vacillation,  faithlessoeas, 
ladeeision,  bloodshed,  anarchy,  to  the 
deepest  and  darkest  poUticsl  hell,  **  TTie 
Reign  of  Terror,**  whose  sanguinary  orgies 
reached  the  height,  or  shall  we  say  the 
depth,  of  their  delirium  in  the  spring  and 
early  summer  of  11^4,  Mr,  Roche,  either 
in  Paris  or  in  Bordeaui,  or  wheresoever 
his  duties  ot  his  business  required  bia  pre- 
sence,  was  a  spectator  of  that  appalling 
world-tragedy,  and  liable,  like  other  ac- 
complished and  gif^ffd  men  similarly  cir- 
cumstanced, to  become,  at  every  passing 
moment,  a  conveni^t  and  ready  victim  to 


exaiperated  pcirriotism,  insatiate  of  blood 
and  clumouriog  for  some  new  sacrifice* 
It  was  only  by  a  fortunate  concurrence 
of  oiroumstances  that  ho  escaped  the 
common  doom,  after  an  incarceration  of 
six  or  seren  months,  daring  the  winter 
of  1793  and  the  tpriog  of  1794,  when 
the  madness  of  political  party  raged  most 
furiously;*  having  suffered  also  the  con- 
Vacation  of  his  own  and  his  family^s  pro* 
perty  by  the  dominant  faction  at  Bor- 
deaux. After  hii  liberation  from  impri- 
son men  t,  and  dnring  three  subsequent 
years,  he  continued  to  reside  in  that  city, 
with  the  prospect  and  the  intention  of 
saving  some  remnant  of  bis  property  \  and 
he  then  returned  once  more  to  Great 
firitain  and  Ireland,  with  a  knowledge  of 
men  and  of  life  precocioualy  ripened  into 
a  matured  experience,  by  the  events  he  had 
witnessed,  the  yicissitudes  that  bad  already 
checqaered  his  brief  career,  and  the  emi- 
nent men  of  all  parties  with  whom  he  bad 
come  into  perional  or  even  familiar  con- 
tact. His  return  took  place  in  1797,  and 
he  dwelt  alternately  in  London  and  in 
Dublin  for  the  next  three  years,  just  as 
the  exigencies  of  husiDess  or  the  gratifies* 
tion  of  his  cultivated  tastes  might  suggest 
In  181)0,  conjointly  with  his  elder  bro- 
ther Stephen,  be  established  a  bank  in 
Cork  :  and  the  two  brothers  married  two 
sisters,  the  Misses  Moylan,  daughters  of 
u  respectable  merchant,  and  nearly  related 
to  the  then  venerable,  liberal-minded,  and 
amiable  Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Cork« 
By  this  lady  Mr»  Roche  has  left  two 
daughters,  Marianne,  the  wife  of  Thomat 
Gallwey,  esq.,  and  Ssrsh-Anne,  the  wife  of 
Edward  John  Collins,  esq. 


^  **  Danton  and  Fsbre  d*£glantine,  miscreants  to  whom  we  owed  many  months  of 
incarceration  at  that  dread  period,  under  the  fearful  rule  of  Robespierre."  (Critical 
Essays,  i.  p*  9-)  **  Arthur  Dillon  continued  constant  to  the  Republican  cause  ;  but  it 
availed  him  not  against  the  sanguinory  rule  of  Robespierre  ;  snd  on  the  14th  of  April 
1794,  he,  too,  fell  a  sacrifice  to  the  tyrant's  thirst  for  blood,  when  from  some  sccidemtal 
circum^Unces,  of  which  I  spare  the  recital,  I  had  rather  a  narrow  eseape  from  benng 
involved  in  the  same  condemnation.'*  (ibid.ii.  144,)  '*  To  Marshal  Brune,  our  conqueror 
in  the  expedition  to  the  Uelder,  I  with  many  of  tny  countrymen  owe  a  deep  expression 
of  gratitude;  for,  to  bia  humanity  and  characteristic  coohiets,  wc  were  indebted,  in 
a  psrtioular  instance,  wlien  iocarcciated  in  Octoljcr  1793,  for  our  preservation  from  the 
melancholy  fate  which  awaited  himself  in  1B1&."  (Ibid.  p.  «36.)  '*  I  had  to  appear  in 
the  SeliftU,  and  to  pafs  h  tcrutin  ^raioire  (called  by  the  vulgar  ie  purfftttoire),  in 
order  to  obtain  my  carte  or  tertifieat  de  cwiime,  on  bcin^  liberated  from  prison — 
a  safeguard  witbont  which  no  one  could  then  move  abroad/'  (Ibid.  p.  311.) 

**  How  often  have  I  heard  the  voice  of  the  prejudged  prisoner  arrested  at  his  first 
attempt  of  defence  by  the  awful  denunciation  of  the  president  Fouquier  Tinville, — 
*  Citoyen,  lo  tribunal  est  fix6  tiur  ton  compte  ;  '  and  bold,  or  insane,  would  have  been 
the  advocate  who  interposed."  (Ibid.  vol.  ii.  p.  192.) 

'*  As/»ar/  of  a  single  day's  ensanguined  execution,  we  beheld  the  sacrifice  of  eleven 
nuns  to  the  revolutionary  Moloch."  (i.  501,)  "  Madame  Dobarry  at  her  death  be- 
trayed more  than  fenuntne  weakness  ;  for,  as  a  frequent  witneas  of  the  fact,  1  feel 
bound  to  repeat,  that  scarcely  another  instance  can  be  cited  among  the  numerous  fa- 
male  victims  during  thst  disastrous  sera,  of  less  energy  or  resignatiou  than  that  which 
was  displayed  by  the  male  portion  of  the  suffisrera*"  (Ibid.  p.  357.) 


660 


Obituary. — James  Roche,  Esq. 


[Jiiney 


The  banking  establishment  floarished 
under  their  management,  for  many  years, 
with  untarnished  honour  and  credit,  and 
with  increasing  prosperity ;  until  the  peace 
of  1815  suddenly  reduced  the  value  of  all 
property  that  had,  in  war  times,  been  fac- 
titiously raised,  and  after  an  ineffectual 
struggle  to  meet  the  pressure,  for  a  few- 
years,  their  bank,  with  fifteen  others,  was 
compelled  to  suspend  payment.  Frankness, 
integrity,  and  disinterestedness  character- 
ised the  conduct  of  the  brothers  on  this 
trying  occasion.  To  satisfy  the  demands 
of  his  creditors  James  Roche  promptly 
sacrificed  his  whole  property,  including 
his  curious,  rare,  and  valuable  library ; 
the  literary  treasure  that  he  had  been,  with 
an  enthusiastic  industry,  amassing  for 
many  years.  It  was  dispersed,  we  believe, 
by  Mr.  Evans  in  London. 

He  bore  up  against  this  and  other  re- 
verses with  the  dignified  calmness  of  a 
philosopher  and  the  true  magnanimity  of  a 
Christian.  Instead  of  indulging  a  spirit 
of  despondency  or  querulousness  equally 
useless  and  unmanly,  he  resolved  to  make 
the  literature  which  had  been  the  solace 
of  his  leisure  and  the  ornament  of  his  pros- 
perity, now  the  means  of  retrieving  his 
shattered  fortunes.  From  the  ordeal  of 
the  bankruptcy  he  came  forth  with  an  un- 
blemished character,  and  with  the  cordial 
and  respectful  sympathy  of  the  creditors, 
evidenced  by  their  permission  cheerfully 
given  him  to  make  a  selection  of  such 
books  as  he  might  prefer  for  his  own  use, 
out  of  the  rare  and  magnificent  collection 
that  constituted  his  library.  This  choice 
supply  he  continued  to  augment  up  to  the 
period  of  his  death,  by  fresh  accessions 
made  according  as  means  and  opportunity 
allowed,  and  his  keen  and  fastidious  judg- 
ment may  have  prompted.  Having  pro- 
ceeded to  London,  where  he  resided  for 
seven  years,  he  was  employed  as  com- 
mercial and  parliamentary  agent  to  Cork, 
Youghal,  and  Limerick  ;  and  during  the 
same  time  was  engaged  in  literary  labours 
of  various  kinds,  especially,  we  have  reason 
to  believe,  in  giving  to  certain  writers  of 
celebrity  while  preparing  important  histo- 
rical, biographical,  or  genealogical  works 
for  the  press,  the  benefit  of  his  extensive, 
profound,  and  accurate  erudition  :  and  we 
run  little  risk  in  asserting,  that  many  an 
author,  in  the  departments  above  indi- 
cated, was  indebted  to  the  silent  yet 
invaluable  services  of  Mr.  James  Roche, 
for  the  elegant  finish,  and  above  all,  the 
chronological  exactness  with  which  their 
productions  were  brought  before  the  public. 
By  a  laudable  and  unremitting  assiduity  in 
intellectual  work  of  this  description,  and 
Other  similar  labouri^,  his  circumstances 


gradually  improved,  so  that  they  grew  to 
be  not  only  easy  but  affluent. 

During  his  residence  in  London  his  avo- 
cations and  tastes  enabled  him  to  caltirate 
the  acquaintance  and  enjoy  the  friendahip 
of  several  men  distinguished  for  scholar- 
ship or  eminent  by  their  social  or  political 
rank.  Amongst  the  rest,  may  be  named 
the  late  Charles  Butler,  to  whom  he  was 
endeared  not  only  by  community  of  par- 
suits  but  by  the  ties  of  religion.  They 
were  the  two  most  learned  Roman  Catholic 
laymen  in  the  empire.  He  was  also  ho- 
noured by  the  distinguished  regard  of  the 
late  Lord  Dudley,  who,  himself  a  ripe  and 
accomplished  scholar,  was  well  qualified 
duly  to  appreciate  congenial  abilities  and 
endowments  in  another.  Mr.  Roche's  rare 
mastery  of  most  foreign  languages  admira- 
bly fitted  him  for  the  office  of  private 
secretary  to  the  noble  Earl,  then  Secretary 
of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs  under  Mr. 
Canning^s  administration.  This  post,  an 
honourable  and  lucrative  one,  was  offered 
to  Mr.  Roche  in  the  most  complimentary 
and  handsome  manner,  and  on  the  most 
satisfactory  terms :  when  unexpectedly  a 
twofold  and  insuperable  impediment  put 
an  abrupt  end  to  the  negociation,  greatly 
to  the  regret  of  both  jMtrties.  Mr.  JBU>che's 
handwriting  was  most  tantalisingly  small, 
and  must  have  been  to  Lord  Dudley's 
short-sightedness  and  seriously  impaired 
vision  utterly  illegible. 

In  1829  Mr.  Roche  retired  from  busi- 
ness, and  went  once  more  to  take  up  his 
residence  in  Paris,  where  he  remained  till 
1832,  when  he  returned  finally  to  Cork. 
On  the  establishment  of  the  National 
Bank  of  Ireland,  abgut  eighteen  years 
since,  he  was  named  one  of  the  Directory, 
and  he  acted  as  local  director  to  the  Cork 
branch  until  his  death.  In  the  discharge 
of  the  functions  attached  to  that  office,  as 
well  as  the  other  moltifarious  duties  of  a 
public  nature  connected  with  the  several 
boards  over  which  he  was  selected  by  the 
merited  regard  of  his  fellow-citizens,  or 
by  the  authority  of  government,  to  pre- 
side, he  evinced  an  impartiality,  an  exact- 
ness, a  firmness  tempered  by  courtesy,  and 
a  sagacity  matured  by  experience,  that 
were  absolutely  without  parallel. 

The  weight  of  more  than  fourscore  years 
pressed  but  lightly  on  his  thin,  middle* 
sized,  but  elastic  frame,  originally  well- 
knit  and  harmoniously  proportioned,  and 
preserved  unimpaired  in  vigour  even  to  the 
verge  of  the  grave,  by  his  invariable  habits 
of  abstemiousness,  temperance,  and  mode- 
rate exercise.  Until  within  a  few  months 
of  his  death,  be  pursued  bis  daily  walks  to 
and  from  his  residence  at  Wobom-plaoey 
with  an  attitude  as  erect  and  a  step  as  on- 


1653.] 


Obituary.— Jam<?j  Boche,  Esq* 


661 


faltering  aa  ever  be  had  done  m  tuiddle 
life.  During  h'm  protracted  exUtence  he 
never  recollected  that  be  endured  even  one 
day's  serious  sickness.  Hia  bodily  henltb 
and  activity  presented  n  lively  image  of  the 
versatile,  highly-giftetl,  and  richly-cnltured 
mind  that  dwelt  within,  and  that  thre^v  out 
into  his  cotmlenanceaod  conversation  some 
of  its  own  genial  and  vivacion^  warmth. 
To  the  very  last  day,  immediately  preced- 
ing hiA  dissolution,  be  indulged,  with  nn* 
dimini*thed  gusto f  hia  noble  and  elevating 
passion  for  books,  which  he  devoured  with 
avidity^  digested  with  a  surprising  rapidity 
of  assimilation ,  and  criticised  with  an  acute- 
nesa  and  discernment  fatal  to  pompous  pre* 
tension,  to  dullness,  and  to  ignorance,  and 
formidable  even  to  the  more  venial  errors 
from  whicb  genius  itself  is  not  always 
ejcempt.  It  was  to  the  youthful  aspirant 
after  literary  renown,  or  to  the  thoughtful 
and  unambitious  student  of  maturer  years, 
a  gladdening  and  edifying  spectacle  to  be- 
bold  this  venerable  gentleman — at  the  close 
of  an  eventful  career,  replete  with  strange 
Ticlsaitndes  and  fitartliug  contrasts,  em- 
hmciDg  in  ica  wide  span  and  scope  the  re> 
TolutiOQs  of  two  worlds,  and  bringing  him 
into  contact  and  companionship  with  the 
most  distinguished  literary,  scientific,  and 
political  celebrities  of  ibis  stirriug  epoch-^ 
gtill  adhering,  with  the  fond  and  fervid  at- 
tachment of  early  devotion,  to  the  love  of 
study,  that  blamelctia  hrst  love  where 
irdour  tJi  not  guilt,  and  indulgence  may 
not  be  ruin.  His  habits  of  busiueaa,  which 
combined  singular  punctuality^  precision, 
and  sagacity,  were  relieved  and  adorned 
by  the  more  elegant  aud  humantsing  re- 
laxations of  tbe  scholar;  while  religion, 
to  whoae  principles  and  practical  duties  as 
a  conscientious  aud  enlightened  Roman 
Catholic  he  had  throughout  hisi  loug  life 
unswervingly  adhered,  shed  its  sweetest 
consolations  and  its  hallowed  hopes  over 
the  la^st  momenta  of  this  Christian  philo- 
sopher, when  he  passed,  after  the  brief 
struggle  of  a  few  hours,  southed  and 
cheered  by  the  dutiful  and  atifectionatc  at- 
tentions of  his  loving  and  accomplished 
daughter,  Mrs,  Thoraaa  Gallwcy,  from  the 
purifying  triok  of  thiB  life  to  the  repose  of 
the  next. 

It  remains  only  to  state  succinctly  and 
iummarily  the  leading  characteristics  of 
bis  life  and  writingSt  One  remarkable 
feature  whicb  threw  its  discriminating 
lustre  over  the  early  life  of  Mr.  Roche, 
was  his  escape,  amidst  the  constant  tempta- 
tions to  which  the  integrity  of  his  princi- 
ples and  the  purity  of  his  morals  were 
equally  exposed,  from  the  pestilent  inl9u- 
ence  of  the  shallow  materialistic  sciolism 
»  of  the  French  writers  of  that  period,  and 
!  the  seduGttve  fnscinations  which  graced, 


though  they  could  not  altogether  disguise^ 
the  proSigacy  of  that  corrupt  society.  He 
returned  to  this  country  with  his  religious 
convictions,  instead  of  being  weakened, 
only  the  more  deeply  rooted,  and  his  per- 
sonal decency  and  delicacy  preserved  in- 
tact, amidst  the  prevailing  licentionsnesSi 
whose  pestilential  breath  tainted  the  per- 
fumed salons  and  boudoirs  of  the  great, 
and  penetrated,  with  its  odious  effluvia, 
CTcn  down  to  the  lowest  depths  of  the 
dingy  and  recking  oellarT  and  the  wild  and 
wanton  receptacles  and  ioffi»  of  the  eaba^' 
rets — the  last  retreats  where  vice  and  in- 
famy sought  temporary  shelter. 

Strangely  enough  it  was  his  lot  to  wit- 
ness (on  the  spot)  the  commencement  and 
fearful  progress  of  the  first  great  revolution 
in  1 781>,  and  forty-one  years  after  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  restored  dynasty  and  the 
erection  of  the  totteriag  throne  of  the  bar- 
ricades in  1B30.  llis  youth  coincided  with 
the  period  of  tbe  early  struggles  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  body  in  Ireland,  and  with 
tbat  sanguinary  abortion,  the  rebellion  of 
1798  ;  while  the  great  event  of  Catholic 
Emancipation  gladdened  his  maturer  years. 
Living  tbus  among  events  of  tiuparalleled 
magnitude,  and  coming  into  close  contact 
with  some  of  the  greatest  men  of  the 
period,  it  is  no  wonder  that  a  mind  like 
his,  of  singular  shrewdness  and  sagacity, 
gifted  with  a  memory  of  extraordinary 
power  and  retcntivcness,  should  have  had 
all  its  faculties  ripened,  invigorated,  and 
enriched.  His  mere  hook-learning — vari- 
ous, profound,  exact  in  the  most  minute 
details,  yet  world-wide  in  its  ample  com- 
prehensive uesK,  embtmcing  classic  anti- 
quity, the  poets,  orators,  bbtorians,  philo- 
tjophers  of  Greece  and  Rome,  and  the  whole 
range  of  modern  literature,  in  its  most 
cultivated  languages,  the  Spanish,  French. 
English,  German,  and  Italian — was  mel- 
lowed, improved,  aad  vivified  by  the  living 
experience  of  the  man.  Tbe  two  infiu- 
ences,  of  the  books  he  had  read,  and  of 
the  strange  eventful  world  through  which 
he  bad  passed,  were  blended  in  modifying 
bis  iuteiiectual  character.  This  result  was 
sufficiently  obvious  in  hts  conversation  and 
in  his  writings.  From  his  tongue,  as  from 
his  pen,  there  sparkled  out  a  continuous 
and  inexhaustible  stream  of  curious  per- 
sonal anecdotes,  apt  and  felicttous  quota* 
tions  in  alt  languages  out  of  every  known 
and  some  unknown  volumes,  startling  veri- 
fications of  dates,  indignant  and  pitiless 
castigation  of  prevalent  aiid  fashionable 
misstatements,  iUiistrative  reminiscences 
of  the  orators  in  England  and  France, 
good,  bad,  and  indifferent,  that  he  had 
heard  or  conversed  witb ,  and  of  the  states* 
menr  warriors,  and  politicians,  tbe  diplo- 
matista  and  advent  u re n«,  tbat  had  crossed 


662 


Obituary. — Dr*  Butler,  Dean  of  Peterborough.      [June, 


his  path,  had  exercised  hii  powers  of  oh- 
Bervation,  or  stimulated  his  curiosity. 

Tiie  faculties  of  mind  pecuUaiiy  charac- 
teristic of  Mr.  Roche,  and  which  were 
more  prominently  developed — memory, 
judgment,  and  critical  penetration— were 
displayed  in  his  writings  just  as  they  im- 
parted also  to  his  conversation  a  fine 
flavour  and  piquancy.  No  Dctson  ac- 
quainted with  the  gross  blunders,  the  vo- 
juntary  or  involuntary  perversions  of  truth, 
the  strange  distortions  of  fact,  ihe  sup- 
pression or  mutilation  of  evidence  trans- 
mitted from  one  writer  to  another,  too  in- 
dolent or  too  careless  to  examine,  or  too 
prejudiced  to  surrender  a  beloved  fallacy, 
thus  not  only  poisoning  the  well-spring 
but  tainting  the  whole  course  of  history, 
but  must  acknowledge  the  services  ren- 
dered to  hifltorical  literature  by  Mr.  Roche 
in  the  correction  of  errors,  the  elucidation 
of  obscurities,  and  the  scrupulous  verifi- 
cation of  dates  and  of  authorities.  Our 
own  journal  contains  many  valuable  proofs 
of  his  uncommon  sagacity  and  indefatigable 
industry  devoted  to  this  important  branch 
of  criticism,  as  may  be  seen  by  those  who 
have  been  in  the  habit  of  perusing  the 
pages  of  the  Gentleman's  Magnzine  for  the 
last  twenty  years.  From  these  contribu- 
tions, as  well  as  from  others  that  appeared 
in  the  Dublin  Review,  the  Cork  Magazine, 
and  other  ])t*riodicals,  he  selected  about 
forty  articles  two  years  ago,  which  he 
carefully  revised  and  in  some  instances 
enlarged.  They  appeared  in  two  volumes, 
printed  at  Cork  for  private  circulation 
among  his  numerous  friends  and  admirers, 
but  not  published.  In  these  essays  Mr. 
Roche's  chivalrous  advocacy  of  truth  brings 
him  into  formidable  collision  with  the 
highest  and  brightest  names  in  foreign  and 
domestic  literature  ;  and  it  is  surprising 
with  what  ease,  readiness,  and  dexterity 
he  ex])Oscs  the  mistakes,  the  oversights, 
the  omissions,  and  paralogisms  of  such 
illustrious  scholars  as  Brougham,  Uallam, 
Alison,  Gibbon,  Hume,  Rousseau,  Vol- 
taire, &c. 

Mr.  Roche's  conscientious  adherence  to 
his  own  and  his  ancestors'  religious  per- 
suasion was  untinged  by  the  slightest  in- 
fusion of  intolerance.  His  genial  and  u]>- 
right  heart  knew  nothing  of  the  dark, 
narrow,  and  mischievous  spirit  of  un- 
christian bigotry.  He  was  revered  and 
beloved  by  all  classes,  all  parties  of  his 
fellow-citizens,  and  his  remains  were  reve- 
rentially followed  to  their  last  resting- 
place  by  the  elite  of  the  worth,  intelligence, 
learning,  and  rank  of  the  city  of  Cork. 
He  who  has  penned  this  imperfect  memoir 
was  solicited  a  year  ago  by  his  fellow- 
citizens  to  write  an  inscription  for  an 
elegant  piece  of  plate  then  pretentad  by 


them  to  Mr.  Roohe.  It  may  here  be  ep* 
propriately  introduced  as  ezpreesing  in  a 
condensed  style  the  subatanoe  of  tbli  whole 
article,  and  the  charaoteriftie  merits  of  its 
subject. 

JaCOBO  RoCHnARMIGBEO,0IVI  BOftB- 
OIO;  IfAOISTBATVI  PEOBO;  SINGULA  BIS 
PLANB  BBUOITIONIS  VIBO  ;  IK  OMMIUM 
PBBE  OENTIUlf  M0NUMB.MTI8  HISTOBI- 
018,  NSCNON  IN  ILLUSTRinif  HOMINUM 
REBUS  OE8TIB  PUBLICIS  AC  PBIVATI8 
ACCURATI88IMB  VRRBATO  ;  GUJUS  IM- 
OBNIUlf  ACRE  BT  PBB8PICAX,  MIHUM  IN 
MODUlf  CUNCTI8  DI8CIPLIN1S  LIBBBALI- 
BU9  EXCULTUM  ORNATOMQCB,  CIVIVM 
8IBI  OBSBBVANTIUM  BT  ADlf IBATIONBM 
JAMDUDUM  CONCILIAVIT  ;  UNIVBBSIB 
0RD1NIBU8,  8EP08ITO  OMNI  PABTIUM 
STUDIO,  OB  EXIMIABANIMIDOTBB,CABO; 
AT  OB  INTBOBRRIMOS  MOBBS  LONOB 
CARIORI  :  HOC  aiUNUSCCLUM ,  PBJBTBB 
ALIA    PIGNOBA    ANTBA    DATA,   1IBBITI8 

HEu  auAif  impab!   don.   dbo.  cites 

CORCAGIBNSBS,  A.O.  1852. 


Dr.  Butlbb,  Dean  of  PBTBBBOBOveH. 

April  30.  At  the  Deaneij,  Peter- 
borough, in  his  79th  year,  the  very  Her. 
George  Butler,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Peter- 
borough, and  Rector  of  Oayton,  North- 
amptonshire. 

Dr.  Butler  was  the  seeond  son  of  the 
Rev.  Weeden  Butler,  Morning  Preacher 
at  Charlotte  Street  Chspel,  Pimlico,  and 
master  of  a  achool  in  Cheyne  WeJir, 
Chelsea,  of  whom  a  memoir  will  be  ftrand 
in  our  Magazine  for  1883,  part  ii.  p.  182; 
and  younger  brother  to  the  late  Rer. 
Weeden  Butler,  M.A.  of  whom  a  memoir 
is  given  in  our  Msgasine  for  1831, 
part  ii.  p.  186. 

He  was  born  in  Pimlico,  Jnly  &,  1774, 
and  educated  under  his  father's  care  until 
]  790,  when  he  was  admitted  a  Mholsr  on 
the  foundation  of  Sidney  Sqimb  College, 
Cambridge,  where  his  tutor  was  the  Rer. 
Christopher  Smart,  B.D.  nephew  to  Che 
poet  Smart,  and  the  editor  of  his  works. 
Whilst  at  collc^,  Mr.  Botler  obtained, 
repeatedly,  exhibitions  and  prises,  both 
classical  and  mathematical.  InJanusry, 
1794,  being  then  only  19  yean  old,  he 
was  Senior  Wrangler  and  Senior  Smith's 
Prizeman  of  his  yeas,  Lord  Lyndharst 
(then  Mr.  Copley,  of  Trinity  College) 
being  in  each  case  second  to  him.  Being 
thereupon  chosen  Mathematiosl  Lectarer 
of  his  college,  he  soon  after  became  b 
Fellow. 

In  the  following  year  be  trsTslM 
(principally  on  foot)  through  a  grsst  part 
of  Germany,  where  he  became  seq[QaiBtad 
with  Klopstook,  Schiller,  06tht,  Bad 
other  eminent  literary  men. 

On  his  retBTB  to  CBmbridga  he  aoa* 


1853.]      Obituary.—- 2>f.  Buihr,  Dtan  of  Peterborough. 


menced  the  study  of  the  Uw,  keeping  his 
terms  at  Lincoln Vinn,  and  was  on  the 
point  of  being  called  to  the  bar,  when  he 
was  appointed  to  the  mathematical  lecture- 
ship of  his  college — a  circumstance  which 
tventually  altered  the  whole  direction  of 
his  life. 

In  1797  he  took  the  degree  of  M.A. 
and  soon  after  he  was  appointed  Classical 
Tutor  of  his  college. 

In  1802  he  again  went  abroad,  as  tutor 
to  the  late  Mr.  Blachford,  of  Osbome- 
house,  Isle  of  Wight ;  travelling,  on  this 
occasion,  through  France,  Italy,  and 
Sicily. 

In  1804  he  took  the  degree  of  B.D. 
and  was  elected  a  Public  Ezamuier  at 
Cambridge ;  and  in  1805  he  was  nominated 
one  of  the  eight  Select  Preachers  before 
the  University. 

In  April,  1805,  he  was  elected  Head- 
master of  Harrow  School  (vacated  by  the 
resignation  of  Dr.  Drury),  after  exhibiting 
to  the  governors  of  the  school  and  to  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  such  honourable 
testimonials  of  character  from  the  chief 
dignitaries  and  schoolmen  of  Cambridge 
as  perhaps  were  never  before  bestowed  on 
any  member  of  that  body.  On  the  S7th 
of  the  same  month  he  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  by  royal  mandate. 

In  1814  he  was  presented  by  his  college 
to  the  rectory  of  Gayton,  in  Northampton- 
shire :  where  he  succeeded  his  former  tutor, 
Mr.  Hunter. 

He  continued  in  his  arduous  office  at 
Harrow  until  1829,  when,  after  a  head- 
mastership  of  four-and-twenty  years,  he 
retired  to  the  living  of  Gayton,  and  de- 
voted himself  with  the  same  unwearied 
energy  to  the  duties  of  a  p&rish  priest. 
He  effected  the  restoration  of  his  church, 
was  active  in  preaching  and  parochial 
visiting,  and  filled  an  important  position 
in  the  diocese  generally,  as  chairman  of 
meetings  of  the  clergy,  and  the  promoter 
of  every  useful  and  benevolent  work. 

In  1836  he  became  Chancellor  of  the 
diocese,  and  in  1849  he  was  appointed  by 
Sir  Robert  Peel  to  the  vacant  deanery  of 
Peterborough.  In  the  Utter  oflice  ho 
continued  till  his  death,  discharging  its 
duties  to  their  fullest  extent,  and  preach- 
ing constantly  in  the  cathedral,  until  his 
health  failed  him. 

Few  men  could  compete  with  Dr. 
Butler  in  versatility  of  mind  and  in  Um 
variety  of  his  accomplishments.  Besldflt 
his  great  mathematical  attainments,  be 
was  also  a  distinguished  classical  seholir, 
and  spoke  German,  French,  and  Italian 
with  correctness  and  iuemcy.  He  wee 
practically  versed  in  chymistry  and  other 
branches  of  physical  ictenee.  He  Ween 
good  musician  and  dranghtematt  |  end  be 


excelled  in  all  athletic  exercises,  being 
one  of  the  best  skaters,  fencers,  swim- 
mers, &c.  of  his  time.  A  remaricable 
example  of  his  bodily  activity,  as  well  as 
of  the  kindness  of  his  heart,  was  given  in 
very  advanced  life,  when,  in  the  month  of 
January,  1843,  with  snow  on  the  ground, 
be  plunged-  into  a  canal  Qoy  the  side  of 
which  he  was  accidentally  riding)  to  rescue 
a  woman  from  drowning — an  exploit  for 
which  he  received  a  medal  from  the  Royal 
Humane  Society. 

His  affection  for  Harrow  School,*  in 
the  service  of  which  so  many  of  the  most 
active  years  of  his  life  had  been  passed, 
amounted  to  a  passion.  He  maintained 
with  his  successors  (three  of  whom  be 
lived  to  see)  a  constant  and  most  friendly 
intercourse ;  and  one  of  his  latest  and 
fondest  labours  was  the  preparation  (with 
no  little  pains  and  skill)  of  a  selection  of 
lists  of  the  school  from  1770  to  1826,  ap- 
pending  to  them  his  own  annotatiottt 
upon  the  later  fortunes  of  those  whose 
school-lifo  is  there  recorded. 

He  had  the  happiness  of  living  to  wit- 
ness the  distinguished  honours  of  his  four 
sons  at  the  University;  and  the  last  weeks 
of  his  life  were  marked  by  the  unexampled 
occurrence  of  the  election  of  his  two 
younger  sons  to  University  scholarshipsi 
almost  simultaneously,  the  one  at  Oxford 
and  the  other  at  Cambridge. 

His  latter  years,  though  necessarily  lest 
active,  were  no  less  happy  than  the  earliw. 
It  was  in  1849  that  his  fatal  disease  (of 
the  heart)  first  declared  itself.  Agradnal 
failure  of  eyesight  ended  in  almost  total 
blindness.  But  his  patience,  cheerftiU 
■ess,  and  thankfulness  never  failed; 
Within  an  hour  of  his  last  seiture  he  had 
spoken  of  his  many  recent  bleasings» 
adding,  <*  How  long  it  will  last,  I  eannol 
tell ;  I  feel  something  here  "  (placing  Ui 
hind  on  his  heart)  **  which  telle  me  it  will 
not  be  for  long." 

His  death  was  quite  sodden.  He  WM 
seated  at  table  with  his  ihmily,  and,  after 
ten  minutes  of  insensibility,  passed  ewey 
almost  without  a  struggle. 

A  meeting  of  the  pnpils  and  friends  of 
Dr.  Butler  has  been  convened  for  the 
2d  of  June,  to  further  the  erection  of  « 
monument  to  his  memory — doubtless  to 
be  plaeed  in  the  church  at  Harrow,  with 
those  of  his  predecessors,  Dr.  Sumner  and 
Dr.  Drury.  It  may  here  be  added  that^ 
on  his  iMving  Harrow,  a  sum  of  nearly 

*  Our  readers  will,  we  are  sure,  bt 
gratified  to  be  informed  that  the  snbsCanee 
of  the  pfceent  article,  which  oricinally  ap- 
peared in  The  Times,  proceeded  fnm  tbi 
pen  of  Dr.  Vangban,  the  present  Btater 
ofHenow.-*AN/. 


Rev.  J.  Savile  Ogle.— Professor  Scholefield.  [  June, 

Charles  Ogle  Strettfeild,  R.  Eng.  son  of 
Henry  Streatfeild,  esq.  of  Chiddingitoiie, 
Kent;  and  Anne- Charlotte,  married  to 
Sir  James  Macdonald,  Bart,  of  Woolmer 
Lodge,  Hants,  who  died  in  June  1832. 


664 

500/.  was  subscribed  by  his  pupils,  and 
others  who  had  left  the  school,  for  the 
purchase  of  a  piece  of  plate,  and  on  which 
the  following  inscription  was  placed  : — 

Georgio  Butler,  S.T.P. 

Scholse  Harro-viensls 

Per  annos  xxiv. 

Archididascalo 

Indefesso  .  Litteranim  .  adjutori 

Restitutori .  sedificiorum .  muniticentissimo 

Honoris  .  et .  amoris  .  ergo 

Harrovienses 

A.S.  MDCCCXXIX. 


Rev.  John  Savile  Ogle,  D.D. 

April  1 .  Aged  85,  the  Rev.  John  Savile 
Ogle,  D.D.  of  Kirkley  Hall,  Northumber- 
land, Canon  of  Durham. 

He  was  born  on  the  24th  of  Aug.  1767 ; 
the  second  son  of  the  Very  Rev.  Newton 
Ogle,  D.D.  of  Kirkley,  Dean  of  Winches- 
ter, by  Susanna,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
Right  Rev.  John  Thomas,  D.D.,  Lord 
Bishop  of  Winchester.  His  youngest  sister 
was  the  wife  of  the  Right  Hon.  Richard 
Brinsley  Sheridan. 

He  was  a  member  of  Merton  college, 
Oxford,  and  graduated  B.A.  1788,  M.A. 
1791.  He  was  collated  by  Bishop  North 
in  1797,  to  the  rectory  of  Great  Knoyle 
in  Wiltshire,  in  the  patronage  of  the  see 
of  W^inchester. 

His  elder  brother,  Nathaniel  Ogle,  esq. 
dying  unmarried  in  May  1813,  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  family  estates.  He  was  pre- 
sented to  his  cauonry  at  Durham  in  1820. 

Dr.  Ogle  married,  on  the  Mth  October 
1794,  Catherine  Hannah,  daughter  of  Ed- 
ward Sneyd,  esq.  of  Dublin.  She  died  only 
a  fortnight  before  him,  on  the  18th  March, 
1853,  aged  83,  having  had  issue  eight  sons 
and  two  daughters.  The  former  were,  1. 
John  Ogle,  esq.  who  married  in  1828 
Sara  Agatha,  daughter  of  Philip  John 
Miles,  esq.  of  Leigh  Court,  co.  Somerset, 
and  died  in  1832,  leaving  issue  an  only 
daughter,  Sara-Katc-Elizabeth,  who  died 
in  184G,  aged  16;  2.  Henry  Ogle,  esq. 
who  married  in  1827  Harriet  Anne,  daugh- 
ter of  Walter  Bracebridge,  esq.  of  Ather- 
stonc  Hall,  co.  Warwick,  and  died  without 
issue ;  3.  Edward  Chaloner  Ogle,  esq.  who 
married  in  1830  his  cousin  Sophia,  young- 
est daughter  of  Vice-Admiral  Sir  Charles 
Ogle,  Bart,  and  has  issue;  4.  Charles,  and 
5.  Nathaniel,  both  deceased ;  G.  Bertram 
Newton,  late  a  Captain  in  the  4th  Light 
Dragoons ;  7>  Arthur,  Major  in  the  9th 
Foot,  who  married  in  1844  Amelia,  dau. 
of  the  late  Vice- Admiral  Lechmere,  of 
Steeple  Aston  ;  and  8.  Savile  Craven  Henry 
Ogle, esq.  late  M. P.  for  South  Northumber- 
land. The  daughters  were,  Kate-EIiia« 
beth,  married  in  1831  to  her  cousin  Capt. 
12 


Rev.  Professor  Scholepibld. 

April  4.  At  Hastings,  the  Rev.  James 
Scholefield,  M.A.,  Regius  Professor  of 
Greek  in  the  University  of  CambridMy 
canon  of  Ely,  and  incumbent  of  St. 
MichaePs  church,  Cambridge. 

Professor  Scholefield  received  his  early 
education  at  Christ's  Hospital,  and  came 
up  to  Trinity  college  in  1809.  He  was 
elected  Scholar  in  1812,  and  in  the  same 
year  obtained  the  Craven  University  Scho- 
larship. On  proceeding  to  his  degree  id 
1813  he  attained  the  distingnished  place 
of  Senior  Chancellor's  Medallist,  and  was 
first  in  the  list  of  Senior  Optimes.  In  1815 
he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  bis  college,  and 
upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Dobree,  in  1825, 
he  was  elected  to  the  Regius  Professorship 
of  Greek. 

In  1823  the  Professor  obtained,  on  the 
presentation  of  bis  college,  the  post  in 
connection  with  which  his  name  has  been 
most  widely  known,  respected,  and  be- 
loved— the  incumbency  of  Sr.  Michael's 
in  Cambridge.  It  was  here  that  for  thirty 
years,  with  unwearied  seal,  fidelity,  and 
consistency,  he  ezerdaed  a  ministry,  the 
results  of  which  are  Mt  at  this  moment 
in  many  a  distant  parish  of  England.  We 
add  some  extracts  from  the  remarks  of 
"  His  former  Fellow-labourer,"  who  now 
dates  from  Blackbeath : — 

**  His  prominent  and  pervading  charac- 
teristics were  faithfnlness  and  fearlessness 
in  duty,  dishiterestedness,  umplicity,  and 
constancy  in  conduct  and  in  aim.  For 
many  years  he  performed  single-handed 
four  full  services  in  each  week,  three  on 
the  Sunday,  and  one  on  the  Wednesday 
evening.  In  the  morning  and  erening  of 
the  Sunday,  and  on  the  Wednesday  eve- 
ning also,  very  many  gownsmen  attended 
his  ministry ;  and  it  was  a  goodly  sight  to 
witness  the  noble  chancel  of  bis  church 
crowded  with  those  who,  as  to  the  greater 
number,  were  to  be  the  future  pastors 
throughout  the  land .  Nor  were  the  hearers 
confined  to  undergraduates:  not  a  few  of 
those  who  had  taken  their  degrees,  resi- 
dent Bachelors  and  Masters,  with  many  a 
•  parish  priest  of  other  days  visiting  AJmrn 
Mater,  were  to  be  found  among  the  lis- 
teners. On  the  Sunday  afternoon  the 
discourse  was  of  a  more  domestic  chsrac* 
ter,  adapted  chiefly  to  servsnts  and  otbmv 
unconnected  with  the  University.  His 
powerful  voice,  clear  and  articolate  enna- 
ciation,  the  logiod  arrangesMnt  of  his 
matter,  and  the  earnest  and  forcible  cxhi- 


1853.] 


Obitdaky. — Ret'.  Professar  Scholefieid! 


665 


bition  of  that  'one  only  Name  gi^en 
among  men  wbereby  we  must  be  saved/ 
combined  to  rentier  his  prenohing  attrac- 
tive, coDTincing,  and  instructive,  liia  Lord 
and  Master^  in  Ins  Tarious  offices,  was 
the  ^eat  thftne  of  \\m  discourses,  Chrkt 
waa  with  him  the  spring  and  source,  the 
alpha  aud  omegn,  of  truth,  doctrinal,  ejcpe- 
rimenta],  and  practical.  The  impre«^  on 
his  eead  (for  he  never  indulged  iu  armcml 
bearings)  whs  '  *Eya»  f^^i  to  A  Km  ro  Q/ 
and  it  wa«  imprinted  on  his  htart  and  pro- 
mulg^ated  in  his  sprmomfi  and  in  hts  life. 

**  But  hiss  energicB  were  not  restricted 
to  the  pulpit  or  to  bis  parisb^  which »  hap- 
pily for  Cambridge  and  tbc  Church,  wai 
SfnalL  in  territory  aud  in  population.  1 
speak  not  of  the  duties  of  the  Greek  pro- 
fessorship, which  were  far  from  light,  and 
were  assuredly  oot  neglected, — nor  of  the 
work  which  devolved  on  hitn  as  a  syndi- 
cate of  the  Pitt  Preas, — nor  of  the  reap  on- 
nihility  resting  on  him  as  an  cKaniiner  for 
University  prises^ — nor  of  the  Inborious 
office  of  general  editor  of  the  works  issued 
by  the  Parker  Society, ^nor  of  his  Friday 
Evening  Lectures  on  the  Greek  Testa- 
ment for  the  bene6t  of  the  Undergra- 
duates,— but  of  things  more  immediately 
witbiQ  the  scope  of  my  own  observation  as 
a  resident  pariah  priest  and  fellow- worker 
together  with  him.  U  is  not  too  much  to 
say  that  there  was  not  an  iostitulion  in  the 
town  having  for  its  object  the  glory  of 
God  or  the  good  of  hiii  fellow  men,  wMch 
had  not  in  measure  the  beneJit  of  his  i?up- 
port  and  presence,  Aa  a  weekly  chaplain 
in  rotation  at  Addenbrooke^s  Hospital^ — as 
cbeirmau  of  the  Mauagiiig  Committee  of 
the  Refuge, — as  treasurer  of  the  Servants' 
Training  Institution,  iind  of  the  Clerical 
Education  Society, — as  an  active  and  lead- 
ing  member  of  the  local  associations  of  the 
Church  Missionary  Society,  the  Church 
Pastoral  Aid  Society »  and  the  UriHsh  and 
Foreij^n  Bible  Society, — of  the  weekly 
meetinga  of  the  Parochial  Clergy  at  my 
house,  and  of  many  others,  he  was  *  la 
labours  more  abundant*^ 

"Nor,  when  thus  counting  up  his 
numerous  and  unrequited  labours,  should 
1  omit  to  nientioa  the  vast  and  extensive 
correspondence  which  was  forced  upon 
him,  as  a  resident  and  influential  member 
of  the  University,  by  parties  at  a  distance, 
in  relation  to  men  coming  up  to  Cam- 
bridge, the  choice  of  colleges,  clergymen 
wanting  curatei*,  patrons  having  livings  to 
dispose  of,  and  the  general  Interests  of  the 
Church  at  large. 

"  DisiutereatedneSB  in  respect  ta  worldly 
gain  and  personal  ease  marked  his  courie, 
uo  less  than  diligence  and  faitUfulnesA  in 
active  duty.  There  were  tiroes  when  over- 
whelming labours,  aucb  as   I  have  hastily 

Gent.  Mau.  Vol.  XXXIX, 


H  Bccive  an 

■  whelminj 

■  Gent. 


and  iraperfeclly  described,  wonld  beget  a 
pa^^sing  and  involuntary  wish  for  some 
allf^Tjatioii  froofi  incessant  toil.  In  1837 
an  opportunity  of  gratifying  the  wish  prc- 
scDted  itselt  before  him.  The  living  of 
.Sapcote,  in  Leicestershire,  waa  in  the  most 
graceful  manrtir  offered  to  him  by  the 
patron,  who  as  an  under -graduate  bad 
hcett  formerly  an  attendant  at  St,  Michael's, 
coupled  with  mi  intimatiou  that  it  was  not 
likely  he  wonld  ever  have  more  eligible 
preferment  lo  propose  to  him.  It  was  a 
great  temptation  both  to  him  and  the 
sharer  of  bis  aruEieties :  friends,  liowever, 
earnestly  interposed  on  behalf  of  Cam- 
bridge. And  it  was  suggested  that  pos- 
sibly the  advantages  of  the  two  might  be 
combined  \  that  be  might  still  retain  St. 
Michael* a  (to  which  there  was  then,  I 
believe,  no  legal  hindrance,)  and,  by  a 
residence  of  parts  of  the  year  ut  eoclii  be 
spared  to  Cambridge  ;  for  a  short  time  the 
thought  was  entertained,  but  it  was  finally 
relinquished  from  an  unwillingness  to  give 
apparent  conatenance  to  the  evil  of 
pluralities,  an  evil  which  he  had  ever 
greatly  deplored.  The  amount  of  the  self- 
denial  in  a  pecuniary  point  of  view  may  be 
readily  estimated  by  those  who  are  aware 
that  the  income  from  the  proffered  living 
was  nearly  if  not  quite  jfcOtIO  per  annum, 
while  that  of  St.  Michoers  was  teas  than 
i^lOQ,  and  he  was  far  from  rich.  But  the 
pecuniary  consideration  was  not  the  chief; 
to  one  who  was  even  then  wearing  himself 
prematurely  out,  the  prospect  of  relief 
wus  yft  more  tweet  ;  but  neither  ease  nor 
lucre  could  fempt  the  man  of  God  from 
duty ;  he  continued  to  kboui'  on,  leaving 
to  hi»  brethren  a  bright  exnoiple  of  de- 
voted ne»»  and  telf-dLuittl.  Perhaps  it 
!f;hr»uld  here  be  mentioned  in  a  way  of  ex- 
planation to  tho^e  unacquainted  with  thi) 
fact,  thrtt  the  Canonry  of  Ely,  which  a  ye#u: 
or  two  before  his  death  devolved  on  him 
a^  Greek  Professor,  did  not  come  to  htm 
as  Church  preferment,  but  was  by  an  Act 
of  the  Legislature  attached  to  the  profei- 
sorship  ;  the  previous  salary  of  the  latter, 
which  had  been  held  by  him  from  the 
year  18'25,  having  been  only  40f.  per 
annum.  After  coming  into  possession  of 
the  Canonry,  the  Profesftor  took  do  fee  for 
attending  at  his  lectures. 

**  In  Feb.  184J),  a  proposal  was  privately 
set  on  foot  in  Cambridge,  having  for  its 
object  the  presenting  htm  with  a  sum  of 
money  *  aa  a  token  of  adnairing  respect 
and  love  for  long  and  self-denying  and 
consistent  devotedne^s  to  his  work  in  the 
town  and  university/  The  movement  hid 
its  origin,  in  the  fact  that  he  bad  made 
himself  respoDslble  for  repayment  of  some 
coasiderabie  sums  of  money  which  had 
beeo  borrowed  for  the  purchase  of  the 
4Q 


666 


Obituary. — Rev*  Profesior  Scholefield. 


[Jmur, 


premises  of  The  Servants'  Trauiing  In»ti- 
twtioE,  of  which  Mrs,  Scholcfield  was  the 
zealous  aod  indefatigable  origiaator  and 
itay ;  and  it  was  geaerously  hoped  to 
raise  sach  a  sum  as  might  enahle  him^  if 
called  upon  on  the  instant  for  repayment, 
to  put  his  hand  upon  it  readily,  and  thus 
avoid  personal  inconvenience.  The  amount 
did  not  equal  the  sanguine  or  even  tho  rea* 
aonahle  expectations  of  those  who  put  forth 
the  proposition,  owing»  doubtless,  to  the 
difficulty  of  giving  to  it  the  needful  pub- 
licity coni^isteutly  nith  the  wished-for  pri- 
vacy, and  It  somewhat  languished  through 
the  greater  part  of  that  year.  The  cala- 
mitous fire  which  occurred  at  St.  Michael's 
Church  in  the  autumn  of  1849,  andneces' 
sitated  a  collection  for  its  restoration, 
brought  the  previous  effort  to  a  sudden 
cloaCp  and  the  amount  subscribed  (200 
guineas  I  if  I  am  not  mistaken)  was  ga- 
thered in  and  forwarded  in  the  month  of 
Jaouary,  1860»  to  the  Professor^  by  the 
Rev.  W,  B,  Hopkins,  Fellow  and  Tutor 
of  St.  CathQnue's  Uall,  the  Treasurer 
and  Secretary^  with  a  suitable  letter  in  the 
name  and  on  behalf  of  the  Committee. 
With  part  of  the  amount  a  silver  inkstand 
was  purchased,  on  which  was  engraven  the 
following  inscnpLiOD  : — 

*  Viro  Eoverondo  Jaeolw  Scbolcfleld,  A.M. 
Orecarum  Ltterarnm  apud  Cantubriglanics 

ProfBisari  Kegjo, 

Hoc  ofl^cU,  ub«crraatlai,  caritatlA  testimonium 

AnucJ  pro  iumrao  ejus  studio  donsvcrjmt. 

Prld.  Kftl.  Feb,  Mi>rocL. 

^  Hemeotot«  propo^Toruni  vci^tFonsiD  qui  vobi« 

loctttl  fOJit  verUom  Dei.    Meb.  xUi.  7.' 

*^  I  have  inserted  a  notice  of  this  grace* 
ftil  and  well-merited  act  of  respect  and 
love  chiefly  for  tiie  purpose  of  introducing 
a  single  passage  from  the  Professor's  an- 
swer, as  illustrative  of  his  characteristic 
shrinking  from  aoythmg  that  savoured  of 
human  praise,  and  of  his  feeling  of  dislike 
to  what  are  ordinarily  termed  *  tokens  of 
respect  to  clergymen/  and  in  proof  of 
what  I  have  called  the  simplicity  of  his 
cbarscter.  The  answer  returned  by  him 
to  Mr.  Hopkins's  letter  thus  rooclndea — 
That  it  has  pleased  God  so  far  to  own 
and  bless  my  most  defective  and  unworthy 
lervicea,  fills  me  with  wonder,  and  I  thank- 
fully accept  the  present  expression  of  kind 
feeling  as  a  testimony  that  my  labour  has 
not  been  in  vain  iti  the  Lord.  At  the 
same  time  f  mubt  add  the  expression  of  a 
hope  that  neither  now  nor  at  any  future 
timo  I  shall  he  further  burdensome  to  the 
kindness  of  friends.  In  the  rest  of  my 
days  1  desire  they  will  give  me,  what  I 
know  they  have  given  me  hitherto,  the 
beoAAt  of  their  prayera  j  and  mine  shall 
not  be  wanting  on  their  behalf,  that  Qod 
will  '  mike  all  grace  abound  towards  them, 
that  they,  always  having  all  iufilci«ncf  in 


ail  things,  may  abound  onto  every  giMd 
work'  for  our  Saviour's  glory.  So  mmf 
we  *  strive  together  for  the  Faith  of  the 
Gospel/  and  rejoice  together  in  the  day  ol 
the  Lord  Jesus  that  we  have  not  run  im 
vaio  neither  laboured  in  vain. 

"  lie  used  to  tell,  in  reference  to  hamaa 
praise,  so  sweet  to  the  natural  beart,  a 
story  of  three  highly  popular  miuistere^ 
much  followed  in  their  day,  and  known  to 
bim ;  of  whom  the  first  said,  Give  ixie  praiie 
for  I  love  it — the  second,  Give  me  praise 
that  I  may  give  it  to  my  Master — the 
third,  Give  it  not  to  me,  give  it  to  mj 
Master.  In  practice  and  in  feeling  bt 
fully  sympathised  with  the  last^ 

"  The  fire  at  St.  Michael's  church  wu 
to  all  appearance  an  unmitigated  ealamity, 
and  such,  even  at  this  day,  it  seeiBa  to 
those  who  see  only  *  the  page  preioribcdr* 
and  cannot  aee  the  endt  A  tnbtcripdoft 
was  set  on  foot,  which  was  promptly  ud 
liberally  responded  to.  K  very  consider- 
able  sum  was  raised ;  but  the  damage 
proved,  when  (he  restoration  was  begun, 
greatly  more  radical  and  extensive  than 
had  been  tupptiifed,  and  the  amount  tx* 
pended  would  probably  have  rebuilt  the 
church.  Then  arose  the  neeesttty  to 
borrow  on  the  credit  of  the  jiariali  ftifidip 
and  then  came  the  unliappy  queetioii  of 
Church  Rates,  out  of  which  there  grew  an 
opposition,  mure  vehement  and  systemattc 
on  the  p&it  of  a  small  portion  of  the 
parishioners,  aided  by  an  Antj-Cbiif«||* 
Hate  Association  in  the  towa^  than  ootild 
well  bti  credited,  in  the  case  oi  a  paikah 
having  such  a  minister,  and  thf  town 
having  such  a  man  retiidiug  in  i:  tf 

it.     From  court   to  court  th'  ,g 

decisions  rose,  until  the  defioivt^^.^,  »cj^ra* 
vated  by  the  oosU  of  aa  ullimateljr  oi. 
verse  verdict,  has  swollen  to  uu  aiootuU 
which  seems  altogether  bopelesa  of  «4jttiC« 
ment.  I  fear  that  it  much  embitterasl  ilie 
later  years  of  his  miniftry  at  St,  Mi- 
rhaers. 

*'By  a  singular  ooinr' I- 'he   day 

that  witnessed  the  desti  - 1,  Ml* 

chaers  church  by  fire,  in'  i  t,c  pro- 

feasor  to  the  cauonry  uf  ^whlf:b  I  hav^ 
before  spoken.  On  Sunday  tlie  I  lilt  Nof. 
li}4t),  while  the  (ire  in  the  ehiitcli  wma 
Haniing,  the  spark  of  life  was  fliokeriiif  in 
the  breast  of  the  much  respected  Maitir 
of  Jesus  (the  Hev.  Dr.  French),  oauoa  of 
Ely  I  whose  decraiic  on  the  fallowing  day 
made  way  fiir  the  advance  ment  of  the 
Professor.  *  Man  continneth  not  in  cruc 
stay.*  Scarcely  had  he  cut* 
emoluments  when  symptoms  i 
gan  to  niaiiifcil  themselves  t  th«  iruii  m« 
for  stirh  \w  wfti  loeoQiftled, 


heart  was  looked  upon 


»d:  by  loai* 
•a  dfaeawd> 


tha 


1853.]  Obituary.— i?pt?.  Jlwmm  K,  Arnold,  M^. 


667 


lungs  by  otliera.  He  was  ordered  to  re- 
frain from  preachiDg  and  from  duty:  he 
paF§ed  a  week  with  me  at  Blackheath,  in 
tbe  autumn  of  tbe  last  year ;  it  waa  evi- 
dent to  me,  even  then,  that  his  mo  nth  J 
were  numbered :  but  the  iutercourae  waa 
sweet,  and  the  countenance  that  years  be- 
fore  I  had  looked  tipoci  and  thought  ao 
item,  beamed  with  peace  towards  God^ 
and  benevolence  to  man.  He  went  to 
Hastings^  never  to  return.  Id  portions 
of  that  aeaann,  his  bereaved  widow  wrote 
to  me  that  she  had  seen  more  of  her  be- 
loTed  buaband  in  the  inner  tn an  than  she 
had  seen  in  the  whole  course  of  their  mar- 
ried life— HE  HAD  LIVED  FOR  OTttfiRa.^* 

On  tbe  day  of  hia  death  he  had  dresaed, 
and  was  even  prepared  to  ride  out  in  a 
carriage.  After  sitting  for  some  time  at 
the  window  of  his  sitting-room,  he  moved 
to  the  aofa,  and  there,  while  Mrs.  Schole- 
fleld  was  alone  with  him,  with  one  gentle 
Bigh,  he  expired.  His  body  waa  interred 
at  Fmrlight,  near  Hastings,  on  the  follow- 
ing Monday:  and  on  Monday  the  17th 
fhneral  sermons  were  preached  at  St» 
MaryV,  before  the  University,  by  the 
Rev.  H.  Vcmi»  B.O.,  formerly  feilow  and 
tutor  of  Queen's,  prebendary  of  St,  Paurs  t 
at  St.  Michael' s,  in  the  morning  by  the 
Rev*  T.  T»  Perowne,  and  in  the  evenmg 
by  the  Rev.  C.  F.  Childc,  principal  of  tbe 
Church  Missionary  College,  Islington,  for- 
merly curate  of  St,  Michaers:  and  at 
Trimty,  in  the  morning  by  the  Rct,  C.  F. 
ChLlde,  and  in  the  evenmg  by  the  Rev.  C. 
CiaytoQ. 


Rev.  TeoMAs  K.  Arnold,  M,A, 
March  JL     At  Lyndon  rectory,  Hutland- 
ahire,  aged   53,  the    Rev.  Thomas  Ker- 
chever    Arnold^   IVLA.^    Rector   of    that 
parish. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Thomas  George 
Arnold,  M.D,  of  Stumford.  He  was  for- 
merly a  Feilow  of  Trinity  college,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  B.A.  1021  as 
Beveuth  Jtinior  Optime,  M.A.  1824.  He 
was  presented  in  lfl30  to  the  rfectory  of 
Lyndon,  a  smali  parish  of  one  hundred 
souls,  which  allowed  him  leisure  for  hia 
mtiUitndinous  literary  undertakings. 

Mr.  Arnold  has  acquired  a  very  wide- 
spread repntation  aj  tbe  author  and  editor 
m  a  whole  library  of  books  adapted  for 


edncntionai  pui-jjosefl.  His  attention  was 
first  directed  to  the  Greek  language,  hut 
has  subsequently  been  extended  to  others, 
both  ancient  and  modern.  One  of  his 
earliest  productions,  we  believe,  was  '*  The 
Essentials  of  Greek  Accidence,' '  published 
in  1838  i  in  the  same  year  he  produced 
'*  A  practical  Introduction  to  Greek  Prose 
Composition;"  and  in  1 839  a  similar 
book  for  Latin  Composition,  and  alio 
**  Henry's  First  Latin  Book.**  In  1848 
he  published  a  second  edition  of  his  Greek 
Grammar;  and  in  1849  *^  Some  Account 
of  the  Greek  Dialects.'* 

He  has  recently  edited  a  seriea  of"  School 
Classics,"  in  which  he  has  nvailed  himself 
very  extensively  of  the  labours  of  the 
scholars  of  Germany.  These  books  include 
portions  of  the  works  of  Homer,  He- 
rodotusi  Thucydides,  Demosthenes,  M%' 
chines,  SophocleSf  Euripides,  and  Aris- 
tophanes; and  in  Latini  of  Ovid,  Cor- 
nelitis  Nepos,  Virgil,  Horace,  Cicero,  and 
Tacitus.  He  has  also  edited  a  series  ot 
Handbooks  for  the  classical  student,  chiefly 
translated  from  the  German  {  and  in  con- 
junction with  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Riddle  an 
English- Latin  Lexicon,  founded  on  the 
German -Latin  Lexicon  of  Georges.  His 
own  portion  of  this  work  coat  him  (he 
tells  us)  *'  five  or  six  years  very  hard 
labour."  '*The  list  of  my  works  (he 
farther  remarks)  is  undoubtedly  a  very 
long  one  ;♦  but  regular  industry,  with  a 
careful  division  of  time  and  employments, 
carried  on  with  hardly  any  exception  for 
SIX  days  in  every  week,  wilt  accomplish  a 
gjeat  deal  io  fitleen  years."  (From  "  Afew 
Words  in  answer  to  the  attack  on  my 
Classical  School -Books,  published  in 
Fraaer's  Ma^asrine  i^'  printed  only  a  few 
weeks  before  his  death.) 

Besides  these  learned  labours,  Mr.  Ar- 
nold for  three  years  conducted,  single- 
handed,  a  series  of  small  periodical  works 
on  religious  subjects.  He  abridged,  with 
considerable  labour,  the  American  tratlala^ 
tion  of  Hengs  ten  berg's  Christology, — re- 
ducing it  from  three  voinmes  to  one;  he 
published  five  pamphlets  on  theological  and 
ecclesiastical  questions  that  were  agitated 
In  the  English  Church  ;  aud  latterly  he  has 
edited  for  two  years  **  The  Theological 
Critic/*  which  was  set  a- foot  in  1851.  He 
wafi  also  the  author  of  a  volume  of  *'  Ser- 


*  It  includes  not  only  many  translations  from  tbe  German  and  some  adaptations  Of 
American  books,  hut  also  the  works  of  several  coadjutors,  one  of  tbe  most  valnable  of 
which  is  tlie  Handbook  of  Hebrew  Antiquities,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Browne,  M.A.  Prft> 
beadary  of  Chichester.  A  *^  First  German  Book"  and  a  "  First  French  Book,**  on 
the  plan  of  "  Henry's  First  Latin  Book,*'  are  included  in  Mr.  Arnold's  list;  and  alio 
*'  The  Italian  Analyst,  or  the  Essentials  of  Italian  Grammar/'  which  was  the  work  of 
his  late  uncle  the  Rev.  H.  Hamilton  Arnold,  B.A.  **  The  Boy's  Arithmetic^'  has  been 
prepared  by  his  brother  the  Rev,  Charles  Arnold,  M.A.  Rector  of  Tinweil,  co.  Rut* 
land,  and  late  Fellow  of  Caius  college »  Cambridge. 


6B8     Obituary.— TK  F*  fJot/dy  E^q* — J*  M.  Carrow,  E^q.    fJune, 

moos  far  Sundaye,  Festivals^  and  Fuits,*' 
ptibliBhed  in,  1845. 

A  correspondent  of  Ths  Guardian  tljus 
spiaks  of  him : — **  The  unexpected  deceuse 
of  the  Rev.  T.  K,  Arnold  deprives  this 
country  of  one  i^f  its  itio*t  indefatigable 
fcholftra,  and  the  Church  of  England  of 
one  of  its  most  faithful  ions.  In  proof  of 
the  former  statement,  we  may  refer  to  hia 
numerou::;  publications,  in  nearly  every 
language  that  ig  studied  in  otir  schools  and 
nnirersitieS}  and  it  m  not  too  much  to  say 
that  they  arc  very  generally  used.  As  to 
the  latter,  we  need  only  refer  to  the  very 
able  theological  pamphlets  wbkh  he  has 
from  time  to  time  put  forth,  whenever  bis 
critical  eye  discerned  unsaundnetts  in  writ- 
iogB»  that  if  nut  exposed  was  likely  to  do 
extensive  mischief.  Mis  strictures  on  Mr. 
Close's  Sermon  against  the  Cambridge 
Camden  Socictyj  Mr.  Isaac  Taylor's  Inter- 
pretation of  the  Fathers,  Mr,  Elliott's 
Hone  ApocalypticKj  Mr.  Goode's  Reply 
to  the  BUbop  of  Exeter^  are  rnasterpieoeti 
in  their  way.  The  Theological  Critic,  a 
periodical  which  he  originated  [in  1851], 
and  to  which  he  was  a  principal  contribu- 
tort  showed  the  most  extensive  Patristic 
learning,  and  was  well  worthy  of  his  name. 
Bis  latest  publication,  which  he  bimtelf 
called  his  '  dying  words/  was  a  success- 
fill  defence  of  himself  froin  the  charges  of 
piracy  and  afarice  and  unsoimd  scholar- 
ship, made  in  an  anonymous  articlt:  in 
^flwr,  which  was  reprinted  for  private 
circulation.  Nor  was  lie  (he  mere  scholar 
or  theologian.  Rcraurkable  for  an  almost 
feminine  gentlcneis  of  manner,  aud  for  the 
unaffected  simplicity  of  his  life,  he  was  at 
once  a  friend  ^  a  conqmnion.  uiul  a  couii- 
seller  (especially  as  an  opbolder  of  Church 
principles),  whose  memory  will  long  be 
cherished  in  Rutland  by  all  who  were 
blessed  with  the  frieadsliip  of  the  good 
Rector  of  Lyndon." 

Mr.  Arnold  died  of  bronchitis,  after  only 
a  few  dttv«'  illness. 


the  pursuits  of  commercial  life  in  the  me* 
tropolis,  but  from  about  bis  Aft ee nth  yeftr 
be  hud  began  to  take  an  interest  in  Sunday 
school  iui^truction  and  in  the  operations  of 
the  Religious  Trart  Society.  In  1810  be 
succeeded  Mr,  W.  B.  Gurney  as  Secretary 
of  the  Sunday  School  Union.  In  IBI^  be 
was  chosen  on  the  Committee  of  the  Re- 
ligious Trzict  Society,  and  oa  his  retire- 
ment from  business  he  gave  himself  up 
entirely  to  the  management  of  these  two 
societies*  He  wrote  many  tracts  and  books., 
some  of  which  were  emtueutlj  suooessfaL 
Of  '*  Doily  Food,"  a  collection  of  text* 
compiled  by  him  for  every  day  in  the  year, 
238,0110  copies  were  issued  tip  to  the  year 
1850.  But  his  cbi Id reu^s  books  were  the 
most  peculiarly  attractive  and  useful.  Both 
in  conversalinu  and  in  writing  he  had  a 
very  peculiar  faculty  of  reaching  the  hea 
and  understanding  of  children.  Noo 
could  withst-and  the  fascination  of  bta  t 
constrained  and  kindly  manner*  the  power 
of  his  eye,  the  attraction  of  bijs  voice,  and 
the  toexbaustible  store  of  anecdote  and  i\* 
Lustration,  both  in  pro&e  and  rhyme,  which 
he  had  at  his  command  on  every  sabject, 
'iti  have  seen  him  amongst  children  was  a 
thing  never  to  be  forgotten. 

His  indefatigable  labours  began  a  few 
years  ago  siTiou!«ly  to  affect  bis  health,  and 
compelled  him  to  retire  partially  fronra 
mrire  active  mani^emeat  of  the  socied 
alluded  to  ;  but  hJa  heart  was  in  the  cau 
until  hiH  latest  breath.  One  of  Cbe  Jaat 
aclii  of  his  life  was  the  fecuHog  a  aum  of 
100/.  to  be  paid  to  the  Sunday  Snbool 
Union  on  the  celebration  of  its  approach- 
ing  jubilee. 

Mr.  Lloyd  was  interred  on  th*"  28tb 
April  in  a  vault  in  the  cburcb  of  King't 
Stanley. 


William  Freema.n  Lloyd,  Eso. 

April  22.  At  Khig's  Stanley,  co.  Glou- 
cester, William  Freeman  Lloyd,  esq.  a 
gentleman  whose  life  bad  been  devoted  to 
the  service  of  various  religious  societies, 
and  CEpeciBlly  of  those  engaged  in  the  pro- 
motion of  Sunday  and  Infant  Schools. 

Mr.  Lloyd  was  born  on  the  22nd  De- 
cember, n&l,  at  Uley  in  Gloocestersbire. 
He  waa  descended  from  a  family  three 
generations  of  which  resided  at  that  place. 
Nathaniel  Lloyd,  esq.  Mr.  Lloyd^s  grand- 
father*  had  removed  thither  from  Wbit- 
mister,  in  the  same  county,  where  the 
family  may  be  found  recorded  in  the  Visita- 
tions of  Gloucestersbtjre. 

Up  lo  1B25  Mr.  Lloyd  waa  engaged  in 


JOUN  M0N»0N  CaKAOW,  EfcQ. 

Matf  8.  At  Weatou- super- Mare,  a^vd 
Ai,  John  MonaoQ  Carrow,  «sq.  Judge  oi 
the  County  Court  of  Someraetshtre,  Re- 
corder of  Welb,  and  a  magiatratie  and 
Depyty  Lieutextant  of  the  count j  of  8o- 
»ncrsct. 

Ue  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Richan 
Carrow,  M.A.  Rector  of  Brorholme, 
coin  shire,  by  Mary,  elder  daughter  of  Wi 
liam  EitoD,  etq.  of  Bristol  and  i.U}ft<] 
Wood,  lie  waa  of  Trinity  eoltege,  Can 
bridge,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  at  the 
loner  Temple,  Jan.  31,  1834, 

He  had  tilled  bis  judicial  appointment 
from  the  time  the  County  Court  Act  came 
into  operation,  and  no  better  proof  of  his 
legal  learning  and  sound  [decisions  oa  a 
judge  need  be  stated  than  the  fact  tbat, 
although  many  appeals  against  his  Jndg- 
ments  bad  been  made  in  the  snperior 
courts,  they  were  invariably  confirmed  by 


1853.]     OBiTUARY,--i2<?i',  George  Surges.— Wm.  Cati,  Esq,      669 

the  higbeat  law  authorities  of  ttie  land. 
His  patience  and  pleasant  humour  upon 
the  benrli,  up  to  the  period  that  disease 
afflicted  liito,  were  remarkable,  and  his 
ready  wit  and  puoa  would  ofttimes  '^set 
the  (legal)  table  ia  a  roar,^*  yet  no  judge 
more  determtnedlj  supported  the  dignity 
of  the  court  or  the  profession.  He  was 
the  avowed  enemy  of  those  cultures  yckped 
*' runnera  *'  and  **  debt  collectors'''  who 
»warm  in  some  courts,  and  none  but  geatle- 
men  whose  names  appeared  on  the  law  list 
were  allowed  to  bring  a  cage  before  him* 
His  health  had  been  for  some  time  de- 
cliiiingt  but  ihe  immediate  cause  of  death 
was  dropsy.  Tlie  lenrned  gentleman  ba^i 
left  a  widow,  but  tio  family.  His  fuueral 
took  place  on  Saturday  tlie  14th  May, 
when  his  remains  were  interred  in  tlie 
family  vanlt  at  Redlaud,  Bristol^  of  which 
parish  his  father  was  many  years  in- 
combeut. 


Rj£V.  GKOHCiB   BURGKS,   B.A. 

Jan.  2i.  At  Whittlesea,  Cambridge- 
ahirei  aged  JBDt  the  Rev.  George  Burges^ 
B.A.  Vicar  of  Halvcrgate  and  Moulton^ 
Norfolk, 

This  gentleman  t  who  for  nearly  half  a 
century  was  an  indefatigable  writer  of 
books  intended  to  promotet  advance,  and 
protect  the  interests  of  the  Protestant 
Cliurch  and  Conj^titution,  was  a  member 
of  St,  John's  college,  Cambridge,  where 
he  took  the  degree  of  B.A,  in  1787.  He 
was  collated  by  Bishop  Sparke,  loon  after 
his  lordship's  accession  to  the  see  of  Ely^ 
to  the  vicarage  of  Hakergate  in  1819,  and 
to  the  rectory  of  Mow  I  ton  in  1813. 

The  first  book  we  find  published  under 
hie  iLBine  U,  Remarks  on  Mr.  Wakefield ^a 
Enquiry  into  the  Expediency  and  Pro- 
priety of  Public  Worsljip,     179^.     8vo. 

It  was  followed  by  the  following  essays, 
—with  others  probably  whose  titlea  hare 
not  reached  ua  : — 

A  Letter  to  Thomas  Paine,  Author  of 
the  Age  of  Reason.     1791.     Hvo. 

Desultory  Hints  on  Violence  of  Opinion 
and  Intemperance  of  Language.  1796,  ftiro. 

The  Neceasity  and  Duty  of  EnUghten- 
ing  the  Hiunan  Race,  a  Fast- day  Sermon. 
1797.     8vo. 

A  Letter  to  ihe  Bishop  of  Ely»  on  the 
subject  of  a  new  and  authoritative  Trans- 
lation of  the  Holy  Scriptures,   1797.  Bvo. 

Ad  Address  to  the  People  of  Great 
Britain.     1798.     8vo. 

A  Discourse  delivered  at  M' est  Walton, 
Norfolk,  on  the  Thanksgiving  Day,  Dec. 
5,  1805. 

Remarks  on  the  leading  Arguments  in 
favour  of  Catholic  Emancfpation.  Wis- 
bech, 181?.     8to* 


A  Letter  to  T.  W.  Coke,  esq.  M,R  on 
the  Tendency  of  certain  Speeches  at  Nor- 
wich. 1817-  8to.  [This  produced  a  re- 
ply '*  By  a  Man  of  No  Party.*'] 

Reflections  on  the  nature  and  tendency 
of  the  present  Spirit  of  the  Times,  in  a 
Letter  to  the  Freeholders  of  Norfolk* 
1819.  8vo, — This  proceeded  to  a  second 
edition. 

A  Protestant  Letter  to  a  Friend  on  the 
Concession  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Claimi. 
1830.     Kvo. 

An  Address  to  the  Misguided  Poor. 
1830.     ISmo. 

Remarks  on  a  Commutation  of  the 
Tithe  System.     183L     8vo. 

The  Conservative  Staudfird  of  the  British 
Empire,  erected  in  time  of  trouble  for  all 
those  who  fear  God  and  honour  the  King. 
I83r>.     8vo. 

A  Conservative  Address  to  the  Free- 
hoMcrsofthe  British  Empire.  1835.  8vo. 

An  Address  to  the  Right  Rev.  Edward 
Stanley*  Lord  Bishop  of  Norwich.  1838. 
8vo, 

A  Commentary  on  the  Act  for  the  Com- 
mutation of  Tithes  in  England  and  Wales. 
leaS.     12mo. 

In  Wdtt's  Bibliotbeca  Britannica  the 
classical  publications  of  George  Burgei^ 
M,  A.  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  the 
accomplished  Greek  scholar ^  are  erro- 
neously added  to  those  of  this  gentleman. 

Mr.  Biirges  was  the  preceptor  and  much 
esteemed  friend  of  General  Sir  llarry 
Smith — the  aifectionntc  meeting  between 
whom  and  his  venerable  and  silvery* 
haired  tutor,  at  the  public  dinner  given 
to  him  at  Whittlesea,  ou  his  return  from 
Aliwal,  was  publicly  noticed  at  the  time 
of  its  occurrence.  His  body  was  buried 
in  the  family  vault  of  St.  Mary,  Whit- 
tlesea^  followed  by  a  numerous  circle  of 
friends^  both  rich  and  poor^  many  of  the 
former  of  whom  had  the  happineaa  of 
reaping  bia  valuable  counsel  in  lime  of 
needt  and  hearing  his  opinion  on  pasatng 
events*  and  the  latter  of  receiving  his 
bounty  and  assistance,  always  ready  to  be 
bestowed  on  the  fatherless  and  widows  in 
their  affliction. 

He  WA.4  of  a  lofty  and  indepeodent,  and 
yet  of  a  most  benevolent  and  aJectiooate 
spirit,  a  good  scholar^  and  a  skilful  writer, 
and  every  way  quaU6ed  to  adorn  a  far 
more  conspicuous  station  than  that  which 
it  was  his  lot  to  All. 


WiLLiAH  Catt,  Efid, 
March  4,    At  Newhaven,  Sussex ,  a^d 

76,  William  Catt,  esq.  late  of  Bishopstone, 

near  Seaford. 

Few  men  during  so  long  a  career  have 

wielded  a  more  powerful  and  useful  influ^ 


Cambridge,  wero  fanned  chiefly  by  hlm« 
u  were  also  the  DimsdalCi  the  Sylcea,  and 
the  Liiwrence  coUectloiu.  Of  the  Ust  of 
the ae^  T&lued  in  round  numbers  at  1 00*0001. , 
at  least  half  were  collected  and  sitpplied 
by  Mr.  Woodburo;  and,  ag  a  teitunooy 
of  the  great  painter's  appreciation  of  Iih 
services,  Sir  Thomas  painted  Mr.  WcnmI- 
barn's  portrait  and  pre^tvnted  it  to  kisn. 
Lord  FitxwilUam,  too,  with  a  similar  ob- 
ject, left  Mr.  Woodbtirn  a  complimentary 
legacy  of  100/.  a-yeor.  He  was  a  man  of 
qiiiflt  habiU  and  of  profound  jt]dfiiie«it« 
and  probablj  learcs  behind  bini  no  ont 
equ»l  in  opinioD  on  ancient  art.  H*  wai 
poasessed  at  the  time  of  his  death  of  • 
krg:e  coUectii.m  of  pictures^  drawings,  afttf 
eujE^raviugs,  which  mutt  be  of  great  talna. 
^Literary  O^tetU, 


070     Obituary* — 8,  Woodhurn,  Etq.-^L*  IF.  WtfatU  Esq.    [Junil* 

enec  in  any  tjeighbourhood.  With  in- 
domitable industry,  and  close  application 
to  basinesft,  he  operated  in  the  corn  trade 
during  nearly  half  a  centary,  and  the  mills 
at  Bisbopstone  became  ao  induential  under 
bla  direotioQ  as  to  govern  the  flour  trade  in 
the  south  of  England  during  the  greater 
portion  of  that  time.  Hia  transactions 
were  of  colossal  magnitD(k%  and  his  sue* 
oesa«8  were  oommeiisarate  with  his  clear 
jadgmeot  and  constant  and  unceasing  at- 
tention. With  the  developement  of  Brigh- 
ton his  operations  rapidly  extended,  and 
his  interests  became  closely  identified  with 
the  prosperity  of  that  town.  In  his  rela- 
tions with  society  his  transactions  were 
based  upon  the  strictest  liberality  and 
justice  ;  his  fricndshipB  were  firm  and  un- 
swerring }  and  those  who  enjoyed  bis  in- 
timacy possci^sed  ail  advantage  of  the 
highest  order.  His  family  consisted  of 
six  sons  and  two  daughters,  whose  position 
in  life  is  the  best  assurance  that  parentnl 
etiample  and  advice  had  rightfully  iiidu- 
cnced  their  career. 

On  the  10th  Feb.  the  carriage  of  the 
deceased  was  nearly  precipitated  over  the 
cliff  in  the  neighbourhood  of  BInck  Rockt 
at  Brighton,  which  powerfully  affected  the 
whole  of  his  nervous  system.  Whilst  ex- 
tricating the  horses  from  their  dangerous 
position,  he  also  unfortunately  slightly  in- 
jured his  hand  by  a  spike  at  tbe  bnck  of 
flie  carriage — an  injury  thought  to  be  in- 
considerable at  the  time,  but  inhich  un- 
fortunately was  the  cause  of  death,  for 
inflamoialion  set  in,  and  an  operation  in- 
volving laying  the  hand  open,  which  was 
performed  by  Bran  shy  Cooper,  esq*  waa 
rendered  necessary.  A  few  daya  be- 
fore his  death,  his  relation*  were  buoyed 
up  with  the  hope  that  in  despite  of  ad- 
vanced age  his  system  was  rallying*  and 
tbe  wouud  was  progr^sing  favourably — 
hopes,  howeverj  thai  proved  delusive. 


Samuel  Wooddurn,  Esu. 

A^rii  SO.  At  bis  houje  in  Piccadilly, 
after  a  short  illn^s,  aged  67,  Samuel 
Woodbumt  esq.  of  St.  Martin 'a4ane,  and 
Coedgwgaa-hall,  Radnorshire. 

This  weU-known  connoisseur  and  dealer 
in  pictures  of  old  masters,  early  drawings, 
and  prints,  hos  been  long  considered  one 
of  the  first,  if  not  the  very  first,  judges  of 
ancient  art  of  his  day,  and  has  helped, 
more  or  leasii  for  the  last  fifty  years,  in 
forming  the  principal  galleries  of  Europe. 
Tbe  number  of  line  drawings  and  old  en- 
gravings that  have  passed  during  a  long 
life  through  his  hands  is  indeed  ejitraor- 
dinary.  The  collections  of  the  Duke  of 
Hamilton^  grandfather  of  the  present 
Pake^and  of  Viscount  FitzwilUam,  now  at 


Lewis  William  Wyatt,  Ba^ 

Feh.  ...  At  his  marine  reaidence  at 
Puck  Pool,  in  the  Isle  of  Wighti  in  his 
7Gth  year,  Lewis  Willi  am  Wyatt,  eaq. 

Mr.  Wyatt  was  of  an  ancient  y^omto 
race,  for  seTerol  centuries  res  11  '*  re* 

ford  in  Staffordshirts  the  n«ni»  " 

gtauding   sixtli    in   the   6rst  h^ 

parish  register,  under  the  di 
bat  which  has  been  raised,  vyjt  ,«i 

fifty  or  sixty  years,  into  honouraide  oeI« 
rity   by  someLhIng  of  more   vitJutt    th 
geQealogico)  antiquity^     He    ^ 
cond  son  of  the  late  Beojaoiiii  \ 

of  Lime  Grove,  in  Camarro..- ,    .,,id 

nephew  of  that  eminent  arohiteci  tbe  latt 
James  Wyatt,  esq.  iurfeyor*g«neral,  and 
the  proteg^  of  George  ill.  and  of  all  the 
royal  family. 

Mr.  Lewis  Wyatt  was,  at  on«  time* 
a  pupd  of  his  celebrated  ancle,  and  Bli«r* 
wards  for  a  few  years  adopted  (he  sane 
profeaaiou  htmsclf.  But  after  an  accaiBu* 
lation  of  pntronnge.  chiefly  amoug  the  aris- 
tocracy of  Shropshire  and  Cheshire^— Lord 
Forrester  at  %\  ilky.  Mr.  Legh  at  Lymei 
Mr.  Egertoii  at  tut  tun.  Lord  Wilton  at 
Heaton,  and  a  hoet  of  others-^tiavini;  a 
handsome  independence  of  lila  own,  aod 
being  a  great  lover  of  quiet  and  aofilal  r#« 
tirement,  he  relinquished  oil  furfhrr  i»ro. 
feational  occupation , an d  dev u '  -uyt 

years  to  the  cultivation  and  a  df 

his  own  estate  at  Puck  Pool,  ntiric  hia 
remaining  years  were  passed,  abutidaiitl|r 
enriched  by  domp^*'  ■  —♦--»-  -  «  -fF» 
lightfUl  scenery,  ?, 

qualified  esteem  bv  di 

and  neighbours. 

Mr.  Lewia  Wyntt  was  a  ftouad  and  «||. 
varying  me  tuber  of  the  Church  of  Boy. 
land,  aod  contributed  largely  to  the  cne- 
tioo  of  St.  John's  Church,  a  few  ytvt 
ago,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Ila]eii*a«  aMf 


idsa] 


Obituary — Mrs*  Bicker, — Rev,  F.  Weaver. 


671 


Ryde,  He  wai  a  widower^  but  with  no 
fnmily^  bis  wife^  the  youDj^t  dftughter  of 
John  Wyattt  etq.  now  the  venerftble  father 
of  the  Chancery  Bar,  and  Senior  Beadier 
of  the  loner  Temple,  having  died  in  child- 
birth Diany  years  ago. 

Mr.  LeniA  Wyatt's  collection  of  works 
of  art  and  hii  librAry  t^re  annonuced  for 
sale  by  Messrs*  CbHstie  and  Man  son  >  oa 
the  Ist  of  June. 


Mns.  Brckkb. 
The  will  of  Mrs.  Becker  of  Bath  has 
been  proved  at  Doctcrft^  Commons*  by  the 
surririu^  eiecutorst  the  Hon,  and  Rev, 
W.  J,  Brodrick,  Rector  of  Bath,  and  F. 
W.  Beaker  and  Frederick  Dowdiiig,  eaqa. 
The  real  estate  ia  specifioally  disixtaed  of, 
and  the  persooal  estate  is  sworn  under 
120,000/,  The  will  contains  numerous  pe- 
cuniary legacies  to  i  elatives  and  friends  to 
a  large  amount^  and  the  follovving  legacies 
are  gifeo  for  charitable  purposes  :— To  the 
Society  for  Promoting  Christian  KnoW' 
ledge,  3000/,;  to  the  Society  for  the  Pro- 
pagation of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parti, 
3000(.  i  to  the  Pastoral  Aid  Society,  3000/. ; 
to  the  Church  Missionary  Society,  30-00/.  j 
to  the  Bath  Penitentiary,  20UO/, ;  to  the 
BathlUnited  Hospital,  2000/. ;  to  the  Bath 
General  Hospital,  2000/. ;  to  theSvranseft 
Intirmnry,  2000/.  ;  to  the  Hurve^i  Bene- 
volent Institution,  2000/.  ;  to  the  Curates* 
Fund,  1000/.  [  to  the  Moravian  Miisionary 
Society,  1 000/.  ;  to  the  Bath  Auxiliary 
British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  1000/. j 
for  the  promotion  of  the  establisitiinEnt  nf 
Public  Watih  houses  in  Milk -street,  Bath, 
1000/,  ;  for  the  sick  and  other  poor  in 
A^on-strect,  Bath,  1000/.  (consola) ;  to 
the  Lying-in* Charity,  Abingdon-buildingit, 
Baih,  500/.  ;  to  the  Gloucester  School, 
i^OO/, ;  to  the  Mendicity  Society,  in  Mon- 
mouth-street,  Bath,  200/. ;  to  the  Strangers' 
Friend  Society,  200/.  ;  to  theEnstern  Dis- 
peusaryi  Bath,  100/. ;  to  the  Western 
DiiipenBary,  Rath,  100/, ;  to  the  three 
Hannah  More'^  Schouh,  St.  Philip's,  Bris- 
tol, 100/.  ;  ton arda  buitding  the  Church  of 
St.  Matthias,  Briatol,  50/.  j  to  the  VictiJria 
Park,  Bath,  50/.;  making  a  total  of  2H,&00/. 
All  the  legaoie-'  are  directed  to  be  paid  in 
ail  months,  free  of  legacy  duty,  and  those 
giveo  to  societies  which  have  Bathbrauchea, 
are  to  be  confined  to  that  district.  The 
reversionary  estate,  which  will  he  conside- 
rable, is  also  given,  on  trusts,  for  benevo- 
laut  pttrposea. 


RkV.   R0fi£RT  WliAVKH. 

OgL  12,  1^52.  At  Manaaeld,  much  and 
duacrvedly  regretted,  the  Rev.  Robert 
VV  caver,  Pastor  fbr  more  than  fifty  yeafi 
iti  the  Independent  congreigation  of  that 
town. 


He  was  the  author  of  aever^d  workst  of 
which  we  are  able  to  name  the  follow- 
ing j— 

The  Scripture  fulfilled  ;  or  the  Bible  the 
Word  of  God:  in  aeveo  Lrr'tures.  1829. 
8vo, 

MoQumeuta  .^ntiqua,  or  the  Stone  Monu- 
menta  of  Antiquity  in  the  British  Isles; 
also  a  dissertation  on  Stonehenge^  together 
with  a  compreheniive  account  of  the 
Druids.  To  vFhich  are  added,  Conj&cturci 
on  the  Origin  and  Design  of  the  Pyramids 
of  Egypt  and  of  the  Round  Towers  of 
Ireland.     IS-IO.     12mo. 

The  Pagan  Altar  and  Jehovah's  Temple. 
1840.     12mo. 

A  Complete  View  of  Puseyism,  exhibited 
from  its  own  writtngi,  in  twenty-^two 
tracts,  with  a  Refutation  of  each  nnd  on 
exposure  of  their  tendencies.   184-1.  8vq, 

Ration aliiim  :  A  short  and  sure  method 
of  dealing  with  all  Rationalism  and  Scep- 
ticism, &c.     1«50. 

Popery  calmly,  closely,  and  compre- 
hensively considered  as  to  its  Claims,  its 
Character,  ita  Causes,  and  its  Cure  :  with 
documents,  &c.     IS.M.     Bvo. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Mar^  ai.  At  IsbAeld,  the  Ruv.  Robert  iikm- 
ro0,  Froifessar  of  QumdV  college,  Tortinto,  Ga* 

Aprit  1.  At  Abbeokuttt,  Wastem  Africa,  af«d 
24,  tbe  Sflfv.  Mob«ri  Chm^nh^  i*akif^  aat  of  the 
MlaidQitaHttfr  of  the  Cbureh  Mlislonary  Soclaty, 
He  WA«  of  St.  Pekir'B  college,  Oambrtbge,  B.A. 
li^M  ;  Afiil  wa«  ordaiiiud  a  few  months  sluea  at 
Islingluu  Church,  by  the  Blnhop  of  Slerrs  Laont. 
He  was  u  niu»t  ardent  and  proioltlng  nuiisloitary, 
and  had  |ait  entered  epon  hb  Intsrefitlng  qi^re 
of  UbotLr^  when  ha  was  teiaod  with  ilvt^iuerv,  iind 
»uc4.'(unboa  in  tlie  cUmala.    Itr   I  le. 

tcandant  of  th«  ctitahratad  Arelid>  J  lis 

name   will  long  be  r«aMtnbore<l  ig«, 

esipecially  by  tUt  otllMfen  <*f  the  Eiut-ruiul  Stio- 
day  •ebool,  Miaoiigsl  irlu«i  ha  labocirad  as  tlialr 
derolud  raperiolendant  for  thn»  y«ar>.  HI* 
widow  l»  on  her  retinm  to  thto  oonuiry. 

Aprii  h.  At  Wtlmgn,  ftj^l  39.  the  Bev.  /ikM 
W90d,  M.A.  of  Bo»dle>.  Wore. 

Apra  1.    AI  Ditl^hn,  the  Hev.  UiB  APKmma, 

Apra  14.  The  Uev,  M.  amt^au.  Curate  of  Ca- 
hlrceoJlab,  oo.  Limurirk,  hy  accidoiiUUy  telling 
opoci  some  spikes  of  ui  Iron  (rftte. 

April  \b.  AI  Ldx^ester.  lo  bli  40th  year,  the 
Rev.  Anihimp  RMmcodt  HmnriMn^  Curaie  of  St. 
i^orKe'M  ia  that  town.  Ba  was  a  oatlve  ef  I^ 
riLh  in  Cumberland ;  a  membar  of  QueanVeollefa, 
Oalord,  B.A.  l%m,  MA.  iM%\  and  wsa  ordabMd 
tn  lias  to  tbe  cliiiKh  of  Hawaiwatar,  in  Westrntr- 
land,  whare  ba  remained  tOl  Sept.  laSft,  and  Ibao 
eame  to  Laiccater,  where  bia  labcutoa*  perfbrm- 
n  of  hto  dntias  In  tba  populotia  diitrlet  of  ec 
'  '  d  gatnod  hla  tin  asteem  of  a  largi 
divla  of  IHands,  bolb  Cbttrabmia  and  Koncoo* 
formista.  In  addifeian  to  tiit  cnracy  he  hold  tb« 
appolntiDent  of  Oiaplatn  lo  ilia  Ldceatar  Union 
VTorkhouK;.  and  the  faomiraiy  oflltw  of  ChaiM^ 
t4>  ibo  Ltiieeftenthtra  Yisomaorr  Cavalry.  HI* 
fuDcrai  wa»  attendod  by  bis  relaiiros  L.  Uarrbon, 
iMy,  Wm.  Uarriaon,  e«q,  ind  E.  ItarHsou,  omi^  and 
by  «  large  aswnbly  of  Crtundfl  both  l«y  and  vlvri'^ 
cat,  h\M  body  balsi;  boriiv  k>  the  trravtn  by  a  tar- 


672 


Obituauv. 


JMDt-ouUor  auA  airvou  eerJeiuttA  of  tbe  YeotnAurx 
CAvalry. 

At  PACkliMStoffl*  aged  flO,  the  Rev.  Rkhitrd 
U^etit,  of  (JtQ^een'A  college,  Oxforil,  B.A,  1835^ 
M.A.  IB2B. 

At  ClieUnsJbrrt,  ased  73,  the  Bct.  Jomet 
ffutthinfoii^CarAtis  of  iUi'  i)jiri*h  church,  Master 
of  tlie  Grwumar  School  ate.    He  wft» 

of  Sr.  Johu'i  toUogc,  C;j  A.  IB03,  M.A. 

1923.    He  hftd  passed  1'     .  .     u  s  iji  Intiioiitc 

eonnoctdon  vidi  Cketcniiford,  j.nd  ^Jiiriiued  to  the 
last  hia  UlKmrs  botli  at  the  charch  ami  the  achool. 
Mjmy  yeiUTft  n^go  a  &ilvtir  taa-servlce  aud  a  vura« 
of  100  gtklnens  were  jircatsnted  to  him  hj  tJie  in* 
ImbUants;  j^Titii»cj;iient]y  the  Udlftsof  the  tungre- 
giation  purohased  by  sub«criptlon  a  private  coin- 
muniou  service,  nUk  rowii,  mssock,  &c. ;  aud 
ahout  twelve  years  since  the  voneraldt;  jiilnt^ter'a 
portrait  wo*  lAlien  by  Hencjersont  and  niter wjiriU 
engraved  by  de*irc  of  the  itUiabitants,  At  his  fu- 
uoral  the  jmll  was  borne  by  Ardideacon  Orant,  the 
Rev.  H.  L.  Mi^pndto,  ftirmerly  ctirate  of  ChcliM«>- 
Ihrd,  and  four  other*  of  the  ucifiblxjuring  clergj% 

At  Dublin,  the  Itev.  Dr.  Mapri^n  native  ofltaly, 
and  formerly  n  -li^tlugfiiiwheti  member  of  the 
Chun-h  kri  . /but  aflerwarda  a  coarcrt 

l4E>  our  Pi' 

At  AbHi  -1  63»the  U&v.Et<m  MOT' 

g<m,  Ferp.  Cnrute  of  UanychjUam,  ConUgtuii^B 
(IH4&). 

April  19.    At  SeatoQ,  the  Ber.  Himm  Shoomb* 

Apra  90.  At  th«  vkantge,  I'ttoxeter,  the  ftev. 
Wmam  L^ton  n>nnc,  ilM.  Curate  of  that  pariah. 
Ha  wm  of  St  John**  coE.  Cnnbrldge,  U^,  1848. 

Aptil  2h  At  Hlnton  Waldrist,  BcrK»,  aged  GG, 
the  Rev.  Oeofge  Shenrctfd  Evans,  flector  of  tluit 
puiMh.  He  wa»  of  Femhroke  caUeKe,  Oxford, 
B.A.  IftOS,  M^.  UU. 

ApHl  i'i.  At  the  rectory,  St.  Georg«  Nynipi^n , 
Dovgti,  tti;ed  4!*.  the  Rev.  Oeor^  JamcM  tft»wW, 
Perp.  Curate  rjf  MarlaUfnleLijh,  hi  the  saiac  fomity 
(ISift).     He  'i^os  of  Liiicolu  collcffo,  Oxford,  IJ,A. 

At  Phlllat  k,  Cornirill,  ued  70,  tho  Rev.  WOHom 
Ufhkin,  n.,  tnr  of  that  iMiri»h  (!*!»).  He  wne  of 
.JPM  Itfc,  LLJl.  im'i, 

I  iici,  OxfurdNhire,  aged  M4, 

Uit  :  ■■.  f  if  lhiiNoiio!«  C'oUegc*, Ox- 

ford, MA   IMM 

AprU^.  At  WeMtati  miper  Mare,  tlw  ReY.  .J. 
Fiater,  M.A.  of  Milton  Loil«e,  near  Well*. 

April  '/J,  At  Tintcewkk,  D^rks,  atrtid  itl,  the 
llev.  John  RUte^,  Hetirjr  of  niornton,  Bncka,  and 
of  Ashton,  NoTthaiii|doii>*hire  flHOd).  lie  wai  of 
New  coUege.  Oxford,  U.A.  17i»l,  M.A.  l80K 

At  Noririaaipton,agod  4l,tht;  llev.  Johtii  WtUsint 
Rpktnd,  Chuntte  of  Lov^er  GornaU  Staff.  He  iraa 
agraocUf}!!  of  the  late  Rev,  Dr.  Ryland,  rmldent 
of  the  Baptint  CoUece  in  Brtntol,  and  formerly 
Mliilster  of  Co]lei;e-»trvot  Clia}Kd  in  Northamptoo. 

Zti/  ^     TWr  Kev.  John  Arautr%mif,  Incambont 


daleoe  eullq^,  OxftfTd,  anal  sraduatMl  B,A.  V 

M^.  1^10,  and  wa»  initictitad  to  hi*  liniic« 

was  in  Ida  owii  patroiiaeet  h*  1^^*  

At  Bath,  the  Iter.  WitHtm  ShetpMhamJh^Bmr^i^^ 
for  tome  years  Classical  Lecturer  of  Jeaoa'  e«>tiejp», 
Camhrid^,  and  pretloii-'^ly  a  laeiuher  of  Trlnltj 
college,  lie  vras  the  eldest  j^on  of  the  Rev,  Thoaii* 
Sheep«lmnk«,  fonnerly  uf  Wiiupole.  CaaiL».  and 
took  the  additionat  nanie  of  Burgeas.  He  jfra- 
dtuitt  1  R  A  mw,  M.A.  1B17.  He  married  In  ll>7 
OiM  r,  widow  of  tli«  Hon.  WtUoogli^ 

B<i  oihe  preieot  Earl  of  AblnsM. 

Sti-  ^^      ■     .-  .'I. 

Moi,'  7.  At  Kedmlle,  Lelc*  ugad  51,  the  Iter. 
Tfiomaji  PitttfH  Outmm,  Rector  «rf  thai  parUb 
(IA38).  tic  wa«  of  St.  John'f  cDtlege,  BJL  I8t.^t 
M.A.  16»0 

J/«i  r/  1 4 .    At  Horneajtlet  the  Rev, 


Of  K 

Th. 
tMtrick, 


ifm!  I 


iff 

LI. 


Lia,  Kent,  ag«^l  7B^  tlie  R«¥« 
,   >i  A.    lie  wa»  of  Clare  hiUl, 
\     1810:    and  afterward?  of  St. 
Nt  A   H*I3, 

ny»  \\'i]ts»  affed  70,  the  Rev,  //wj/ft 
/''  i   tliat  jj^rbili.     He  was  formerly 

Fei,  >  coUcffe.  Camlirvli,'*,  inhere  he 

Bruurnieii  i^  a    171MJ  an  '/d  Senior  Ojttlme,  M.A. 
l90$,WiA  bo  w«»  prcMinled  to  hiMltvini^  by  bl4 
ooUi«t  in  iH(m. 
jrdtfO.    At  t:  --  ..     ,^^pj  g^^  j^^^ 

Bev.  filKni«a#  >.  I   parish.     He 

waa  von  of  the  "•^tn.  Fellow  Cif 

King's  eoll^^ire,  i  ^iiuono^^c,  rma  v  tear  of  F(vdb|g- 
briilge.  ridiUA.    Efe  woa  CcNmiei'ly  Mlow  of  M»4- 


cw  of  E)|)blfi. 
I  1  7l.thcRer,  IfiHMUPi  Awft. 

^niUhtvick^  Umtm  of  Leek* 
' '  >'- 

,  Devon,  a^icd  71*  the  Rev. 
1 1  iiantiel  college,  Canilirldf^, 


St. 

tlint 
hug 

DE 

|i?iH*h 

.  aad  Perft.  Cnrata  of 

I*  formerly  Feltov  of 
and  frradiialed  B.A 
•.d  to  hii  Uriotfa  hf 

^Ull«.-, 

the  lUnlntp  fif  i  1 
to  MarebiuiH^n- 
Rnlcidebyalioc»ti 
tLuielaa«Seapon 
iNrneaunily, 

itca^tle  In  li4&,  and 
^47.    He  rommltied 
u4rln«  been  Ibr  m«w 
klehaaleftairllbaiid 

!ATH8, 

ARRANGED  Iff  CHttONO LOGIC Al  OftDI 

Am*.  12,  On  board  the  Traraocon, 
Paul  Pamcli.  e«q.  BXX.  of  the  MU14te  .«»,,« 
Late  FeUow  of  St.  Johii'»  callefe,  Oxfoirfl.  lit  w 
educated  ul  Merchant  Taj^lor*'  •ellO(^j  Hw 
wlieoce  he  wai  elected  a  probetioQarjr  F«l]o9  of 
St.  .lohB'rt  \s\  11139,  and  he  waa  placed  In  the  ftnC 
elni3>  bcith  In  clasAlc!»  and  in  mathematlOi  at  tAe 
eaannnalluuiii  of  1^13. 

A  or.  „     At  II  -ud  year, 

Chiu.  Scut,  e«ii  N'oriaUk, 

J^i,  ir*.    \\  <«%  a^ii 

&0«Charli  rg  BoqipllBMg 

e«,|.  foni 

.hu>,  t»«ors»  ll«r* 

rii  riar  M^eety'* 

»e;  '^ofStlotl 

1.  ^  «Bb»quaatly 

tb  r«i  indSea.    fUma 

Ir  lal  dnrtnit  til*  rrtitf* 

li.  iinl*  OB  Um  trtdk  aliir  Ibr 

»e  mi^bi  ]l4|or-0eii«»l  ISIflt, 

Li. 

,    .  n    txwrd  the  alilp  V1«l«i, 

S^i  ,   wife  or  Deputy   -—    — 

Fibril.    At    I    ■ 
Archibald  Detn 
Denny, e«>q.  of' 

At    li^i.' 
wlfkjof  1 
of  tbe  1  ! 

ICVUI.I^N      

ew  ii .  ,  I  ■■-.-'  L ', ' 

KWX' 

master,  (tf  MitjiI^^m.  'vVitrvif. 

Atitnh  19.    At    Roi'heeter.    ece^t   ^t    Oevrya 
Udnon,  e«f|. 

Ill  Jersey,  1. 1' 
Ro^ul  Hone  A"^' 
J II  the  rtmliiAuL. 

to  June  IN  14,  tTviLiiiiiig   ttif   LiAine   t>f   \  itturl^ 
the  «ioiee  n^t  San  Sehaatkm,  pMMuee  of  tbo  Ktrella 
and  Kive,  aiul   Inr^ttrwrat  f»f  Bai 
Kcrved  In  the  turn 
tie  of  Waterlo«i 
the^ilverinri'  i'^- 

ifdnsAHS,    JtotxTi  M^<  KAv.  ciwi    iaia 
^mf^  V^?•^;«^lflU  ai  lUmMXiQ,  Soaik 


En 


-rrifMHttintii. 
•  i««l  fing.  daft, 

'ffjIlteflflMJtimt, 

mada  Watl,  H.  r  I 
.!  Ron  uf  l>r.   KlCler- 


OsitUAttY. 


673 


JAiftJiSt.  At  Brigbton,  aged  23.  Hubert  Patrick 
MUnuin,  esq.  Llcnt.  R.N.,  fifth  son  of  Lieat.-Gen. 
MUm&n. 

March  3L  At  Httventock-MU,  «g^  %l,  lfr«, 
Elinor  CotuioB,  dater  of  Junes  Uaniier^^flaq.  of 
Greenhithe.  and  relict  of  Edward  Coottnif  eiq.  of 
Ben'^baiidiDgs. 

In  Brooklyn,  New  York,  luped  '^,  Amella-Koru, 
the  'Wife  of  Lieut.  G«org«  Webb,  late  of  2L«t  Royal 
Scota  FasUiers. 

jl/nni  a.  At  TobftgD^  ajjed  32.  Frederic  Burton 
Farr,  gmj.  of  H.M.  Ordnance,  third  son  of  John  Lee 
Farr,  cisq.  of  AUlebtirgU. 

Apra  4.  Atfed  7»,  George  Grellier,  esq,  of  Shin- 
field,  nifar  Beading. 

Aprils,  At  CaJJilmo,  B«dP.  aged  TO,  James 
Croucli,  o»4. 

At  CUvluumiiged  Gd,  Uettry  Uhthoft,  eldest  aud 
Uat  irarrivlnff  son  of  tho  kle  He^'.  Heairj'  LThthoff, 
of  Huntlugflcia. 

April^X  At  Poouab,  Eust  Iiidi&s,  SejTtiour  Vas- 
ull  Halb  Monro,  T^th  Hiffhljuulera,  second  hoq  of 
Churle^  Hale  Moiiro,  esq.  of  Ingsdon,  Devon. 

AprU  10,  In  Londtm  (where  he  vtwa  a  medio*! 
tmpil  of  UnivorsiUy  colieg«>,  aged  iO,  PhUip-Heniy, 
eldest  aoD  of  Mr.  PtieltHi  «>f  Uelkiliani,  Wilt>. 

Aged  a2«  Mr.  Gonstanttnc  AlezAnder  Garatti, 
merchant,  of  Glasgow.  Ue  died  from  Lnjajiie&  «ti»- 
tohied  in  a  rallvrar  Accident  near  l£aia>che»tar. 

Thomaa  Dixon  Skipwortb.  esq.  eldest  fiurrlving 
son  of  George  Skipworthf  esq.  of  Uoortan  House, 
Line, 

Aprii  11 .  At  Blandaston,  SoJIblkt  aged  75,  AnOi 
reUct  of  Thomas  Glajupoole,  etiq,  Aa  a  erownlng 
act  of  a  mo:^t  charitable  lifts,  aho  hoa  left  lOOOf,  to 
the  LoM'cstoft  Inflrmary. 

In  Uenrjertii^-t  itninsuii-itHsq. aged  05,  Richard 
Samuel  Hud:  ^q. 

Aprii  11.  [  idoiiu,  aged  23,  Jamoa 

Cni^i.in!  u%i,,  1^.  ..^ :,  sixth  son  of  the  Dean 

iiLfch  in  Roflaend^e,  Mary,  wife  of 
1  :e,  esq.  third  dan.  of  the  late  Henry 

A     I         n  OMtle,  Stourbridjie .  in  his  6?th  year , 

'.    1  I'i,  Wife  of  CapL 

lijv  ,  .  ."ons. 

At  l^^,.. :.„;. .^,L  dau.  of  tlw  late 

Henry  liingt  etM).  of  iioitiahain. 

Aged  46,  Caroline-Anne,  second  dan.  of  the  Late 
Rot.  ifnhn  KinsBuiill,  Vicar  of  Chewtim  Mendlp, 

At  EasitAray  Hoose,  near  istratton,  Cornwall, 
■god  S7,  Mra.  Manning. 

Aged  "j-,  Mr.  <itNirgo  Sewell,  surgeon,  of  Castle 


At  N'<  -o.  Xhirhain,  ag«d  §3,  Jane, 

relict  ot  „     1  jyltif,  uaq.  and  second  daa.  of 

the  lato  Hiiujy  MUla,  esq.  of  WUlJngtoa  House. 

April  13,  At  WiniLlsor,  aged  l§  months.  Law- 
rence-Forbes,  youngest  ion  gf  Henry  Brown,  esq. 
fiurgeon  to  Her  ]kl.ijesty* 

At  Crewkemc,  a^od  7'J,  Charloile,  relict  of 
Richard  Noasiter  Barnard,  oki* 

At  Cliit<iii,  at  the  reaidence  of  1> 
P.  Jote,  eaq.  aged  63,  Isabella,  w : 
esq,  of  Tethttry,  Glotic.  and  dan. 
mas  Hatt,  esq.  of  Speen. 

At  Reading,  ogeid  83,  Clii4ibctii.  reiki  of  the 
litn.  mchard  Qodley, M.A.  of  Wargraire,  Berks, 
and  furmerty  widow  of  Gear|^  Proctor,  eeq»  of 
Clcwtcr  Lodge,  oear  Windsor. 

At  Workington  HaU,  Cumberland,  Jane,  wlfb  of 
Benry  Cnnren,  esq.  She  va*  the  don.  of  Edward 
Stanley,  esq,  of  Whiieh»T«iit  wna  married  fn 
1804,  and  hod  a  numerous  ikrai]|r. 

At  Uaniniersmlth,  aged  fl9,  Ftenelope,  yhit  of 
TttomBa  lil}tacimi,  osq. 

At  Nuthall  Temple,  Kotfa.  aged  Sfr,  Tbosaoa 
NlxoD,  esq. 

Snsan,  wife  of  Jamei  Copley  Lews,  esq.  Clifton , 
Gtoncestershire. 

At  Coltisball,  Kodolk,  igiad  70.  Oomsunder 
Jamea  St.  John,  li.N.    He  enlend  tlie  atvy  In 

GiNT,  Mag.  Vol,  XXXIX. 


1790  on  board  the  Belter  gmn-hrlg,  and  after  serv- 
ing in  several  otliJ&r  ships  was  made  acting  Lieu* 
tenant  in  the  Repulse  74,  la  which  he  was  engaged 
In  Sir  Robert  Calder'B  aedon  of  190&,  and  at  the 
paoBOge  of  the  Dordanellea  In  1807.  He  was  con- 
flrmed  Lieutenant  In  1I80B,  accompanied  the  ex- 
pedition to  Walcheren  in  the  Repulse,  and  after- 
wards in  the  RevHUge  74  was  employed  In  the 
defence  of  Cadln,  off  Toul mi,  and  on  the  coast  of 
CatiUonlo.  In  liH  he  became  tiag-LicntGuant  to 
Rear-Admiral  Leicge  in  the  Thlabe  2^,  stationed 
in  the  Thames,  He  was  subseqnently  Appointed 
in  11*20  to  Uie  F<ix  revcime  cruiser,  in  1W26  to  the 
Dove,  uid  in  IB39  to  the  Lyra,  botb  Falmouth 
pockets.  In  the  last  he  remained  until  JS37,and 
In  1843  he  was  made  n  Commander. 

Apra  14,  At  Kdluburi^h,  LoLii«a-Kli«abotb, 
youngest  dan,  of  the  late  Adum  Atkinson,  esci,  of 
LorbOttle,  Northumberland. 

At  Dijon,  atfi'd  ao,  RSchard  Boiloy,  esq.  of  Kant- 
y-Olo,  Diloum.  second  «on  of  Sir  Joseph  Bailey, 
Bart.  MP.  of  Gbinu^ik  Park,  Breconshire,  and  ol 
EdJitou  Court,  Herefordsldre. 

At  Dublin,  aged  2;*,  RotHsrt-Fiirley,  third  sou  of 
Sir  Janice  Iknnt>nwn, 

A^ed  30,  Ann,  only  dan.  of  Ricliard  Fbher,  eaq, 
of  KiUit^*  Cough  ton. 

At  Cretliton,  ilary,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Sir. 
KiUght,  ncotnr  of  Powickhurfit,  Hanta. 

Ag<yl  73.  JMilin  WUlianu,  cvj.  of  Elmley  Lovett, 
Worcestershire. 

At  Rewley  House,  Oxford,  aged  ^,  Ellen,  eldest 
dan.  cf  the  late  CuptK  Tbomaa  Lowton  Robins,  R.N. 

At  Great  Berkhttmpetead,  aged  73,  WllUam 
Toinlln,  eaq, 

AprU  15,  Aged  68,  John  Barnes,  esq,  Wood- 
green,  Tottenham,  late  of  PentonrUle. 

At  Gravosend,  aged  56,  Miss  Mary  Francei  Bay- 
lU,  eldest  sister  of  Capt.  H.  P,  BaylL>i,  of  Hongkong, 
China. 

At  Brighton,  aged  89,  Tbomaa  Blair,  esq.  lf.D. 

At  Ipswich,  aged  76,  Robert  Bnrton,  esq>  of 
Helmslcy,  Yorkidi.  for  nearly  flfly  years  tn  the 
chief  office  of  her  H^leaty's  Excise,  In  London, 

At  Canterbury,  Sopttla,  ddest  surviving  dau.  of 
Uie  law  Hev.  WtlUam  Chafey. 

In  Sonthaiupton-st.  Uloomsbury,  Jane,  wife  of 
tfcorge  Cooper,  esq. 

At  DorUngton,  aged  60,  Mary,  wifiQ  of  Wiiiiom 
Flower,  esq. 

Aged  30,  Ellxabelb,  wilb  of  the  Rer.  S.  Cutler 
Huoley,  of  dapton-sq. 

At  Ordsall  ltector)%  Notts,  aged  77.  Penelope, 
widow  of  Capt  WUUam  King,  of  Sileby,  Ldc. 

At  St.  Heller'^,  Jersey,  aged  95,  Isabel la-Loala«, 
wife  of  Comm.  Henry  King,  R.N. 

At  Bath,  John  Finch  IdaMU,  es(i,  of  Aldenhom 
Lodge,  Herti*.  aud  Queen  Vporade,  Bath. 

At  Eastbourne,  aged  77,  John  Pearson,  esq. 

In  her  83nd  year,  Harriet,  wife  of  Henry  Koa- 
gcr,  esq.  Prospect  House,  Toril. 

In  Grove-terrace,  Notting-hill,  Dorothea-Hari*^ 
Tucktrr,widovr  of  Edwunl  Wanisyn  Shepheard,  esq. 

AT  Cheltenham.  Mi.vh  gorah  Matilda  Watts,  loft 

i:ig  diiu.  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert  Walta, 

of  Fethanl,  to.  T>pperarj%  and  Vlcof  Of 

I       .JS.co,  of  Waterfon;!. 

At  Biackheatli,  aged  44,  Thomas  Deuman  Wliat« 
107,  CKl-  ^^  Lincoln  Vlnn. 

At  Crediton,  Deron,  aged  71,  Thomas  While, 
esq.  formerly  of  Mark-hine,  London. 

At  Halton,  Elisabeth,  widow  of  Horry  WUfe, 
esq.  soUcinor,  Halesworth. 

ApHi  16.  At  SoQth  Lambeth,  Joseph  Bagirter, 
esq.  soUeltor,  of  Walbrtrnk-tralldings. 

At  HlghbiuT-groirei  aged  79,  Mary,  widow  of 
Jotsea  Raymond  Barker,  eaq. 

At  Ferry-hill,  Chkilett,  aged  §6,  Mary,  widow  of 
ThoDfcos  Denne,  eaq,  of  Sarre,  Ule  of  Thonet 

At  Jerington  FlaSe,  Bnasex,  aged  67,  John 
Turaer  Fielder,  esq. 

Aged  34,  Mr,  John  Go^wr  Guest,  of  Birmtng- 
hom,  and  Trinity  College,  Dabltn. 

In  Hawley-crcsc.  aged  41,  Mr.  John  FiWOeCt 

4R 


OlSlTUARY. 


CJo»^ 


1^1  A 


trAiuicDfiUm  fnr  hi*  perftiriKt^ 
vl\    Ultdettth 


Ai  &yi»iuu,  ADii'C'lctiVtef,  viUti  Q^  Win.  Ifooftt 
Mq.  ftolidior,  of  Leicester. 

At  Kingstowrn.  Mary,  wife  of  Dr.  S.  T.  O'Briea. 

At  Biiiumertii»]th,  aged  03,  Sarali,  rvllct  of  ttie 
Bev.  Geor»ro  WiUiani*,  Rector  of  Llnntrithyd, 
GljUDor]gaQ4hin! . 

Afttil  17.  At  Hlackiiealli-hlll,  Hfie6  71.  «Tt)l3< 
Frederick  Benmrd,  ea«i.  lorjuerly  of  Her  M«Jis^ty 
Cii^turiv'-- 

(i  '  ;>i>er  TUa)Be«-ftt.  aiid 

Lii  1  of  Uie  lute  Cftpt. 

Gei.i  ..■    ;  ,  .  -i.'iu. 

At  tit^Liiali:y,  tJiLLl.Jiuia,  4yod  <j7,  Mary,  relict  of 
Gu)r§(t-  Clian'Jler,  l'jvii. 

At  Batb,  Anne,  relict  of  ChArl«*  Ot^toii  do 
fil&ncliy. 

At  Woncrsh,  timr  GuUilftird,  ufced  'ib^Vminy^ 
yotmgeat  duu.  of  tUe  Ute  £dwurd  JAckwii,  lum.  of 
Giaidfiird,  &wl  niec«  of  Henry  M«kten,  WH-  of 
EuMtt:lU»4}cuire. 

At  Jje[>tturd,  Aged  fi7,  ThomM  Baktr  Knattt  «iwi. 

of  tlmt  ]}tdC6  &t]d  of  Dt!«J. 

At  Dover.  EllxAbeth  ILirrtot  lACf,  (tlster  of  the 
lute  J.  Den  Ch.4i[ip>  Lti*  y,  e*Hj. 

AtKfjr  *  t  Cttpt.  PotUll- 

gftl,  tatc  • 

At  Gil  1 1  iiirt,  jiged.Vi, 

J.  U.  IC&(jiIhj',v,  lyiiui], 

who  hjul  AIM  :i  grett 

Iktillty  the  poM  LiJSe  A^ 

inirancc  Conipanj'. 

At  JB ridden urtiit  Mory-EroniA  Tudor,  only  dAu. 
of  the  lute  Jtev.  Kobext  Wylde,  A.M.  Jbrmerly  of 
SiddcrmLUvtur. 

dpra  18.  At  Wtictboyrne-Kreen,  »geA  60, 0«org£ 
Bwlow,  ejwj , 

At  Ucnhttu  vlcArage,  agi'i    '  lidv«rd, 

tlduftt  ton  of  the  Kov.  Kolur  jea. 

Aijed  5T,  Amelin-Aun,  >vii  attoMC, 

rs.A.  of  1*11  ng ton.  ^ 

A{;«d  41 ,  Juiu,  wICb  of  Jolin  Oamit,  e«q.  torgeon, 
Kottinp;hani. 

At  Boulf>^e-»ur-Miu'.  ag«cl  M.  Tbonuu,  coily 
ftOn  of  TlnL-uju*  I  i-.htiiiirn,  usq,  of  Whitby. 

Suddenly,  at  Hitlefurd,  Aged  7fi,  Uwy,  wile  of 
Adinirui  Gljiin. 

At  Drimdd,  Mgud  64,  Fraudi  Forge,  vsq*  Mi). 

AcimI  it,  lUinor,  dau.  of  Cbaiie*  Lee,  caii.  of 

ruriAmouth,  B««d  6a,  Matildo^ld- 
Ud  rp  UUIcr,  issq.  Uta  CootroUiNr  of 

H.  M/r^  Cu->tiiin<«,  WAtcrfard, 

At  Lriwer  Park  villfti,  FIomatcid-conuDon,  Aged 
«7,  L.  I.  U.  Orl,  eoq. 

At  DawIuJi,  iged  76*  Mrs.  Pftdd^ui. 

Id  WuiittMiirne  fark-rond,  rent^ld|)e,  nUict  of 
John  Purkin^on,  <saq.  t-R-H.  Coiuitil  to  t^ie  Hepub- 
Jic  .    " 

ORcd  fA.  Mary  Ann  Perry,  eldaift 
dMu  ^VilliuQ  Perry,  esq.  of  iCiuLuingtvu, 

snd  atioun  Jiiusc,  Surrey, 

At  Strtiathuiiu  Etteu,  cliird  suniring  dlfta.  of  the 
Iftte  Robert  Urown  11ii»k11,  enq. 

At  ClapbaiiKOiamun,  Mrs.  tkotX^  lutt  of 
Kortbianit  Sussc^x,  and  dau.  of  the  lete  AJexender 
&|jxipfeun,e'-fi  of  the  Hink  irf  EnplttTir!. 

At  iiat..*     ■  ^    '  ■.-<-. 

JohnWa*. 

At  Lc'wuniun.  agt^u  i?».  ajiiTU't,  \vn.io«-  oi  ine 
Ute  Daniel  Stoir,  eitq. 

At  Bhfs'hton,  Ann-Catherine,  eldwt  dnu,  of  llio 
Iftt'     '  " '  itnpeoD,  E.I.C 

•diCttter.iige  iii.esri. 

.^  ,Ajrr«iyrf,a^<  UondM 

Bo>ic%  II  bj  I.. d.  youngest  aon  oi  uie  mie  Itlflit 
Bern.  David  Boyle,  of  Sliewaltoo. 

At  Wiodaor,  aced  !>1,  Mn.  Hair  Frogatt. 

At  firotton  Hall,  daveUnd,  i£Od  €9,  Mcry,  vllb 
9f  Xlioiaaa  UatcluoKiD,  «ag. 


At  LVICJViivic.  lUry-DorotliF,  vtiow  of  t3M  late 
tu  iiocint  of  HiA  flnt  tMiry«n  0f 

.nfr-Angdl,  wUc  or  Mr,  W  J 
|ti<  ./r,  tuad  aecond  4«Ji.  of  the  lata  1. 

II  Watson,  esq.  of  KoitliflMl. 
At  huuUi^upton.  o^ed  Ut  AnnMrMuxt^m%t  mm 
of  hUiitn  A.  R.  ^  ilsum,  late  nf  Uia  Bomter  Araif. 

l^.^jV-iri.   At  Tuitiiriilye,  a^erl  6,  "*  -    -      -    -  - 


At£ilJ[jabmi£h,Ui;eii 
of  Nunraw.  He  was  ^s 
beln;^  tlie  >'in  of  Hew  J 
fH,      ^  ■  ■ 

A). 
or 


' ,  n>. yal  An> 


uirnldl. 


'  ,irvm['k-,  eM^_.   wiio  diud  Is 

Ih  n  the  previoiM  rwir«  Maryw 

th  4  WilltatQ  ik»rdisi«.««|.af 

Pus  acii^cy  iiulLi.-u.Curri(i«rthQii««Ml(m»  dial 

At  Uitry  St.  Ii^diniuid*!,  MafigariBlttt  «tfc« 


d  aa,  Hitry-Towtidroar,  ««IM 


I  iijtftbeth,  vrldow  of  Suomara 


J 


dtu  Hiitlar. 
Cantncliaat'  r«tf^ 


OtHirge- Frederick.  aUltflt  ion  of  H&atwn  GelA- 
smltJj  Kirby,  cAq.  tif  Keitilngtoii-ji«rk'^«tdcw 
Eaat. 

AtEdil>^tJrcl^a«cd  31,  Mmia  Oairisrlut.  wm 
of  J.   I  i  dau.  of  th«  lata  tk 

Thoinii^ 

At  St. II  sniping  dan.  ol  tl« 

Late  Rev  1  aOutKngluir, 

AI  Br  <cai.   Jiiftiiwli 

Lmtei^Pti  waiACftiMM 

I7*i6,  and  bccitnic  Cal'iml -Mtirj   Ifith  N 
ill  1»S4. 

At  Stndgate,  KcnT,  Jii;E?d  ii,  ilalto 
M,A,  Ute  of  W<M  .  0 .  ChEford, aa4 

road,  St.  •lohn* 

il/^n(f3L    At 
FraDCM,  wife  ui 

In  Sloane-ctn 
relict  of  Qefi.  ca 

At  Stnudeu,  l*lc  a(  M  i^ut,  aged  HA,  Jane,  nim 
oif  Jaintift  Uordley,  eaq. 

At  ChcUecttam.  Charlotte,  wiito  vi  Dr  J«te 
Irving.  fann«r]f  of  tht  Madnu  CtUbliiliiBabi^  aai 
dau.  of  the  lato  George  Starr*  eeq.  of  gllliww^ 
Hailt  BiihopweairiDoaiit* 

At  Exeter,  aged  fld,  Henry  Umbcrt^  wm-  ^ 
l>reiin  Tedgnion. 

At  WodWicli,  aged  M,  lUry,  wiiov  of  J«te 
MttcCoy,  eiq.  R.  Art. 

At  Whitwtck.  aged  76,  Sdward  Mmma,  fM,  tm- 
merJy  of  Mtaftbam  lUUc,  Derbyahlre. 

In  $aM>c3L-4q.  aged  17, 
TUoiaaa  KalU,  aiq.  ■ 

At  Green  Hamni«tan  Hall,  Toriorttlf*,  taiil 
Cnthcnliia-  Lucy,  raUet  ef  tlia  Iter.  It  illdlir. 

Aged  34.  EllaaMli,  wife  of  S.  VL  P.  3>tllso»«  i 
aodlcttnr.  NfUfffngbaiiL 

I'ldace,  ip^*11ioiD-Cti«rla»,  loJbslega 
Gi  I  H,  B.  Sumner. 

WHI*.  jt?refl  1^3,  Tbo!».  Ti»riirr|jpai|^ 
*'     UeiUT Omvi^  WlA* 

iu«.A»aBd,  nsUci  of 
>^  .  u  orrc: ; ,  t:M\ .  «ideil  aoB  oT  III*  liil 

J.  II,  rwi,  of  Mlcklelian. 

Miltiiii  Clevedon,  aged  M^  Jcm|* 
Aiitu,  eri^. 
In  South  Lamhetli,  aged  M,  ioba  ^ 

In  GloQcester-gardent,  Hydi^parlt.  I 
Heatcr-ltafta,  wtfeof  Lleitt..-Gttl.  CMm 
ton,  C.B.  astft  Ben^  N.  Inf. 

la  Bonl«»d-fl.  Mid  IKr,OieifB  Sans 


Ik 

r        18S30 


OBiti/Aav, 


675 


fienrlott«H»t.  Cavendish -«([.  A^'^^i  ^!^.  Catltirtn6, 
widow  of  Edw«rd  JoDVit  esq.  of  firackley, 

At  Flymoath,  «A:cd  90,  J^ne  tldcit  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  A.  )f&nb7,  V'vtitr  of  Kidd.  near  Knare^boro*. 

At  Partj>««,  »ired  53,  Georgia  D.  MCiidowii,  ^, 

Agei?  ^  '  '  '  .  1,  wife  of  Htnry  PUklngton, 
e*a.  of  t  K-sQ,  near  lK)nco*ler. 

In  T  %  New-roftd,  Mh»  Catharinn 

PolaTLanu. 

EUjcabtith,  wife  of  Loiii<t  AagttHttL^  Robinson, 
CM.  Capt.  R.N.  only  «ujrv1vlng  chUd  of  tlie  late 
John  Clayton,  e*v  of  KIppAX. 

At  Clifton,  Sarah,  rcUct  of  the  Rev.  T.  B,  Sbnp- 
son.  Vicar  of  ConKrc*I}ury,  and  of  Kejnjiham. 

At  Cmstie  Hd),  Milfonl  Havens  in  ii^r  ^th  v«ar. 
Phlllppa,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Rielmrd  WtdBh,  MJL, 
Prebendary  of  SaUtbary,  kc,  of  Norlliwold,  Nor- 
folk. 

Jane,  wife  of  WjiUace  Willinot.  esq.  and  third 
diD.  of  Stephen  Collftr*lt  <^'*n.  "f  Mlnstt-r. 

Jj>rtf23.     At   Bo-      '      '      '     1     .lifCd  25, 

HettTY  Barely  Boxer  i-  Atami, 

iOn  of  the  lute  Crtmv  X. 

!..„.  ..M....  .*.,,  ,,^  L',i„u.  1...1  .'vit,  e«*n.  of 
f  'liru, 

.   jtt,  wife  of  BcuJanjin  Field, 
■'-  Mil. 

Ai  ■  '-.hirt',  iijjed  59,  Auiia- 

i>  Hnrtlitndf  eM).  for« 

n,  eldest 

...  ..^ ^   .Lh^etq. 

M^y-road.agetl  7^,  Ann, 

,-n.i,K    iHr-d^Mnner, 
lib. 

I  -G^orgv, 
u<Joret  and 


sUt-r^T  ■ 
At   3 

dan.  oi 
AfJi 
Atl 

widow 


uept«^v»  Tm  till-  iiukt  ul  iiuccleudi. 

At  Kcynibaoj,  Clara-i^usaiiJia,  daa. 
Eden  MvM,.r, 


Atl 
M.D.  I 


Al  i  , 
At  li 

Tilt.- 1  .  ■ 


U.Frederick  Lcoptdd Pulling, 
youn^e^t  «on  of  the  I  Ale  Capt. 

:ice,  aged  3G,  Jane-Charlotte, 
-^t  ratchlcy,  M.D.  of  the  Royni 

^vifu  of  FrancU  Skuirayf  eaq. 
,  (iKci  m^  FrtMlerick  WllUatn 

]A,  Brixton,  Itlttotli)'- 
late  Jame*  /^ 


brothen  were  brought  up  in  the  ortic*  of  tbe  !it(i 
George  DAnc^*  6sq.  city  architect. 

Ai^d  Alt  Snran.  vrffe  of  Dtinfel  Moor,  eitq.  of 
With  wood  Villa,  With  wood  Heath,  Kind's  Norton. 

At  Clifton,  need  4;*,  Frftncts-Armc-Prnd^Mitla* 
wift*  of  tiK-  T!<?v/Jobn  hipiiion,  of  Lcxden  Rectory, 


-h-sq.   Thoma* 

Nfr»!TTnrtnt^l'<'l. 


Prothero,   eiq.   Of 


At  > 

fUter  M 

W.  V^) 

Rd. 

Apr 


the 

...u.ier. 

er  of  th« 

1 1  list  on  a  visit  to  b^ 
I  s  ihlfddau.  of  thelatft 


An- 

,.^,.  ,..,  ,.j...,irdi 
nvnors  of  lyttft 
interred  in  tUe 

Ian.  of  the  late 
.,  and  the  Stock 

.^le,  eiq.  of  WelHaford  ttoilse, 
ILL  Iftte  of  rda^>«^w. 

^^-  '--■ Mh* 


I 

(I.e 


KiJ:  ».J    L..:..  L..,.;    ..  .-     ;. :...;     -.-i,. 

aytar. 

At  Clapbnni,  a«cd,  is,  Robt  Cmntn^  Dewar,«aqi* 
At  Aahwick«n,  Korf.  u^ttd  69,  Rkh.  Dewiiif, 
esq, 
tif  Heiuy         Axed  54,  Ifanrfce  Fiifhall,  Mt\.  of  Clerksland, 


n, 


:l,  SaUoIii,  JJary-PwIu,  wlA;  of  Ito- 
^q.  of  RougbaiD  Rookery,  Btiiy  Sti 


'  d  73,  John  Spnr  Smith,  eiq, 
Andovcr,  »M  35,  Georg«- 
af  Q«ar|{e  Watta,  c*q.  late  of 

iiini.iii  n^hrift,  the  residence 
-  Ut,  cAt].  aic«d  (Ml, 
^  James  For  Ax- 

■     "1  of 


ftuvt. 


I 'J  flmt 


lUiji   l;i|(la   Hum.   Geoi-^u 

I-ord  Crtrl*ry.  and  he 


':  late  Iter 
^  i4jvi  grnnd- 


du>r,<if  Ponte^      tt: 


At;ed  77,  liartlia,  wlito  of  B.  H.  tlotdlcii,  teq.  of 

t'ohSie^-ler, 

1  Qeorge- 
i«ili. 


■  iri, 
I'd* 

nr, 


cikiiettJiy. 

At  his  hrother-in'Iaw'B,  Up^wr  Gower-**.  aged 
43,  Hirnry  Jenni&j^  Gay,  Bnq,  yoonge*t  *an  of  tbi 
liit«  Jatni^  Oa.y,  esq.  of  Cbat»pion*iiUL  Burrry. 

At  Streatham-comnion,  aged  60,  Andrew  lUmU* 


■AM,  TbotDAa  JaciCMn,  e^. 


AL  J 
«f  thf-  r 

At  3 


•Lb, 


London;  uud  H;a  Uiiu^ianiut:  of  Lh4^  iUftUii:t  »ui--      i'uUtiikd    "; /cmpt^iU  CaibudaiiumV  furiuufi/  Ol 
voyors 


m  ;  liud  H;a  Uiiij.»iiii^iiut  of  Lh4^  iUftUii:t  i^ui-*      i'uUtiikd    '"  Icmut^iU  ilAbndai  lumV'  fuTiuuli/ 

uf  tiuUdluKfi  witbifl  the  etty.    Ihc  tw^     Oriuub;,  Udcolh^blri. 


676 


Obituary. 


[June, 


At  DnlstoUf  aged  m,  Uxeii,  relict  of  Joseph 
TanlmlD,  esq,  of  UAcknBy. 

April  37.  At  Ponsjondaue,  near  Pen^Jincfi^  Aged 
60,  feirjr-D«nni».  w-lfo  of  WIlUAin  EloUUio,  esq. 

At  Hunham  MllU.  W.  Gary,  e«i.  solicitor  t  of 
Bristol,  and  fonnerly  of  Shepton  MjiUfit.  HIb 
body  was  foniirt  iti  ft  ibhing  net,  iicflr  Hanluuia 
Locks.  He  Lad  prevSouAly  bo«ti  staying  at  tJie 
Bristol  Hotel,  Cltivcdon ;  and  bad  liMsn  engOiged 
111  some  Chancery  proceedings,  which  It  i*  snp- 
poflcd  weighed  raueh  on  hU  ralnd.  The  Jury  re- 
turned  a  verdict  of  **  Foond  DrovmetL" 

At  Stn^hftw  Clone.  Honse»  Korthmnberland^ 
ued  60,  Jo«eph  Craw  hall,  esq.  Aldemiaii  of 
NflweiiitleKupoa-Tyne,  u  justice  of  the  pea<"e  for 
the  county  and  town,  and  a  Deputy-Llentenant. 
He  wxji  a  memtx^r  of  Tile  Qlcl  Corporation ;  and 
under  tJio  new  order  of  natmScipal  governiinent,lie 
served  ttie  offices  of  CouncillDr,  Aldemmn,  SUeritr* 
and  Mayor.  He  was  the  proprietor  of  an  exten- 
sive rope  nuuiiifactory  in  Newcastle,  and  the  in- 
ventor of  improved  macliiinery  for  earryiag  on 
tlml  brancii  of  oiir  imtionAl  indiuitry.  Uo  ww  a 
Local  Commissioner  of  ttio  Great  ExlilbitioDt  and 
Incurred  considerable  expend  In  promoting  its 
success. 

Aged  45,  Mrs.  Maria  Daplyu^  of  AMembly-row, 
Mile-End-road,  relict  of  WUliam  Daplyti,  e!»q. 

At  Orchardlcigli  Park,  near  Frome,  aged  *4, 
William  DevcTiiih,  e»q. 

At  Hcme'liSII,  Surrey,  aged  78,  JoUn  Locke,  e«q* 

At  Fentrehobin,  notr  Mcild,  Ura.  Ifatber,  of  Coed 
Helen,  widow  of  T.  Trevm-  Uatlicr,  esq.  and  eldest 
daughter  of  Rlc©  Thomas,  o«q.  fonnerly  of  Coed 
Helen, 

At  Pentonvllle,  aged  21 ,  MIm  Suflanuah  Player, 

In  Park  VUIage  East^  Re^entVpark,  aged  H3, 
ADna-Haria«  wife  of  Mr  r-..^t«.. .  ^..^lidori. 

At  Ro«viUe  HouM,  i  der,  ag«ii  53, 

Jf ercy-Paraons,  wife  oi  i  ling,  e«q .  and 

dau.  of  the  late  John  U^.... .  ,,.  ,ri  JilackweJL 

Apriin,  At  Eaat  Somhernbar,  aged  70,  ttie 
relict  of  John  Browniag,  «aa.  of  Aipblngton. 

In  Newmart-at.  aged  7ft,  Joaeph  Clover,  esq. 

At  Woolwich,  Rgcd  7JI.  Sarah,  dan.  of  the  late 
Jeremiah  Ctawnrd,  CflQ. 

Mr.  T,  Duckett,  ft>r  many  ywrn  Eilltor  of  the 
**  Public  Ledger,**  and  a  member  of  the  daily  proA.*^ 
durlngtlie  laat fortv yearR. 

At  Windaor.  aged  67,  Joicpli  Gillett,  caq.  Keeper 
of  htr  Majetty**  Gold  and  Silver  Plate. 

At  Ciik?he«er,  Aged  7«,  William  Churlea  New- 
Laud,  esq,  alderman  of  that  city. 

At  Beadonwel],  Eritli,  Kent,  aged  59,  Jameii 
Pofe^etq. 

Aged  lU,  HolMsrt-Klcliard,  only  surviving  son  of 
the  late  Kot»ert  Ranktn, esq.  Clilef  Justice  of  Sierra 
Leone. 

At  Dawtlabf  Anna-MariA-Hustiey-IHtney,  relict 
of  Henry  Disney  Eoehuok,  <^.  forroerly  oflngreim 
Park,  Kent. 

At  Buhopwearmoutti,  aged  64,  John  Scott,  esq. 
a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  county,  and  many 
veaTfl  Chairman  of  tlie  Commiiadonen  for  the  river 
Wear. 

Via*  Ann  Stone,  for  nearly  ftUtecn  years  the 
matron  of  tbo  Bath  General  Hospital. 

At  Bridfllissford,  lale  of  Wight.  Ann,  relict  of 
Jowph  Tarver,  ecq. 

At  Brighton.BM  39,  Bentry  H.  Wllaon,  e»q. 
comet  in  the  Gt}i  Draitouoe,  only  son  of  the  lato 
Hon.  and  Rev.  Robert  Wilson,  of  Ashwelthorpe, 
Norfotk. 

April  29.  Al  tlie  Manor,  Barking,  Kwcjs,  Aged 
70,  Jamcis  Biggs,  unq. 

At  \V  hall  oil  t  a^i^ed  76,  Thomas  Brown,  esq.  ioU- 
dtor.  formerly  of  tJie  firm  of  CUiyton,  Bmmisiell, 
and  Brown,  tolicltors,  of  Newcastle. 

In  Offnatiorg-st.  Regent's  Park,  iiosan-Graliain. 
youngeat  dau.  of  the  Ute  Jaoies  Connell,  esq.  of 
Conheath,  Dumfrieaihlro, 

At  OUerton,  Notta.  aged  7^,  JoliD  Doncaster,  umj. 

At  Briilol,  aged  64,  Janwa  Jenklni,  cvq. 

At  StTttiglbard,  B«becc«-£UMlMnb,  wtib  of  Ll^ut 


J.  J.  KMtUttg,  BIT4  Inipoctliig-offloer  of  Cmk 
Quard. 

At  Grundii^burgb,  Suffolk,  aged  6S,  £llssI)CCb, 
widow  of  the  Rev,  Philip  Meadows,  Rector  of  Onat 
Bealing»,  SulTolk.  She  was  tbe  lait  snrrirtag 
child  of  the  Rev.  Morgan  Oravea.  Rector  of  Bed* 
grave-cmu-Botcsdale  and  Hinderclay.  SofTolk,  t/j 
Harriet^lamc^  Head,  niece  to  Sir  Thoinm  Head* 
Knt,  and  couidn  to  Sir  Walter  James,  Bikrl,  SiM 
hnd  i«ue  i\\e  sons  and  five  danithtcr*,  of  whoa 
the  eldest  5«jn,  the  Rev,  Charles  Pierret»<>^t  1 
dows,  died  in  1833,  and  Daniel-Cluirlfls  f 
his  father  in  hbi  e«tates  «t  Great  B«illag4  1 
WitneiihKm. 

At  The  Hawthorns,  Bootle  Village,  lArerpo^H, 
Catherine,  wife  of  Henry  J.  Porter,  eaq,  of  York. 

At  Bath,  Jane-Louisa-Susannali,  only  daU'  of 
the  late  Capt.  Roberts,  formerly  of  tb*  Qoetd'a 
Di-agoon  Onard*. 

In  WjTidhom-place,  Mary,  wife  of  lUlward  Har* 
mer  Sheppard,  t'*.Q, 

At  Ayshfoi-d,  r>evau,«tfed70,'Wllll«tti  Ste^beftH 
OAq.  Utttof  tho  F  i'^  '-^'"  »'>'i«. 

At  Elton  HtiU,  'M-on-T«ea,  aged  I 

George  Williiint  - 

Apra  30.    Al  ^Mi  ...V.,.,  ^«;ed  &7,  ftUry-ElU 
bcth,  wife  of  Benjamin  Burdekin.  e-jq. 

At  Pentonville,  nged  6ft,  Charles  E^iriUi,  «aq. 

Aged  83,  Un.  Fairlam,  of  SuiTbUc  VIUa,  V 
stock -hllL 

At  Chnrlwood,  aged  33,  Mary-EllubeVb,  dau.  «f 
Joseph  Flint,  esq. 

At  the  Cronways,  Hackney,  Mjuigarwt,  wtib  of 
Samuel  Garrod,  osq.  Rur^iion. 

Agc*l  64.  Edwurrl  Jacobs,  ei«|,  cif  Qrocre 
Hou!M>,  Margate. 

At  Upper  Hartlres*  Kent.  Edwin  La 
5anily.%  LuiiiMbii'-"  -"•■^  Unrri.u-.r.nt.)..^, 
son   of   the  Kf  >( 

Blaneme.  8c'\  N  c* 

cam  Stellin^;.    li  «^- 

coln's  Inn,  Jan,  i'J,  I*i46. 

JulJana-Lucy-SArrth.wife  of  Henry  Datton  Wlini 
Lyon,  esq.  lioynl  ^  ■  '^  ri,.»v-  ^-a.n,f..i.r  ,t.  ,,  ..rif,g^ 
late  Lord  .lobfi 

neslcy,  third  thi  f 

norrts.    She  wit- ,...,...,  ... 

At  St ,  LeonarxJ  > .  n«ed  a, » 1 
youngest  dau.  of  Uie  Rev.  JM  1 

Hawtun,  Notts. 

At  Lyrap*tone,  Devcm*  \< 
Orneber,  widtn*'  of  William 
merly  of  Ljrmp«tone,ii<»->  -  <■  '  ,,^  , 

lost  surviving  dan.  of 
e«q.  Accountant-Gen. 

At  Kensington,  age>! 
glstrate  and  Deputr  Li 

iMt^,   At  B1acktac> 

inn. 

fbru... .,  „. ..,...,  ....  : ,  ..-„ ,  _    -  - 

At  >jurth  Petiierwiii,  ugtA  100,  Mr-  It, 
who  Ibr  a  long  serint  of  years  haa  betn  i 
tiuneer  and  Innd-uLrfiu 

It  ttje  bourn  <Mf  iMT 

I  1%  Luff  Off— inf  , 

.   ...  -nyttky,  eaq.  of  Alfl»> 


At  AttleborcH 
niece  Mrs.  Smm 

dsti,   nt    rh4'   l.itr 


n,  Suffolk,  aged  44,  Mi^ or  Ifark* 

hum  \:,-L-f    N  t .  Hriu'itl  Anr.v 

Jenii  iir  \^ha  mi 

Milan,  wi.  iP,    IHa 

fbrttin*;  1 .  10  worlu 

of    I  lukU    LlirOrUCll 

Al  . _    .  jgWli3ij_i 


iMSth,  w  hIo»  tK 
LLD,  Probenil.i 

Af,iH   i       A«    ] 
M.M- 

Jnr: 


Kewdigate« 

ing  dan.  of  tiio  ] 

lull.  Cd.  iX.'WTi    Al*i« 


1853.] 


Obituary* 


677 


£li2Abeth-Lt;titi4.  wife  af  E.  B.  Debftry,  ea^.  of 
WestOD  HjiIK  Wjin*',  youngcat  duu.  of  the  Ute 
lieaL-Col.  FI.  F.  Holcotnbe,  CB. 

At  Croydon,  agtjd  83,  Anne-Hftcl-v,  widow  of 
Willlinn  £jre,e6q.  formerly  ■  f  i:   ,     i    .1  pi. 

Id  Arundel-tq.  Burtisbiiry']  h    ,  '^.Georgis 

Field,  esq.  late  of  Bonel-cotitt.  V.  il !  j  i  A.,  .Idest  *on 
of  the  lute  George  Fichl,  e^i.  o(  Crtivdotu 

Ai  Niiple-'f^  ajied  lA^  LouLvi  V'JicoiiHtess  Fieldinjf. 
Slie  wdfl  t!u'  only  daughter  und  lu'ir  of  llio  lott* 
BavIJ  Pennant,  <*sq.  J  oil  of  Ik>wiiinpr,  Flint*liLtv, 
by  Liidy  Etotuh  Brudenelil,  daughter  of  Robert  fith 
Ekrl  of  CArdii^an.  Sh»  wba  itiurdcd  to  Msrount 
Fl«1dinR,flon  of  tlw  Karl  of  Denbigh,  ill  IM6.  She 
Imd  with  hvT  huiband  Joined  the  communion  of 
the  Church  of  Rome. 

At  Chart  Place,  neiir  Maidstone,  i,g©d  94,£lea- 
nor»  relict  of  tlie  Rev.  Jiiineii  Edwurd  Oombier, 
Rector  uf  Langley,  Kenr»  and  St.  MiUrv-le^trAnd. 

In  New  Bond-s't-  atf«d  »i,  S«rfth,  relict  of  John 
Hjunes.  e:^.  of  ^^iU!jMlll-rc»d,  North  Brixton. 

lit  Tftvistock-sq.  Mrs.  JiMepb  Kain^  formerly 
widow  uf  J&me»  Friend,  eaq. 

At  Th*tcha,m«  aged  ST,  John  Mattheira,  ttsq. 

In  Welbock-it.  ojjwl  34,  Jame*  Miller,  eaq.JlD, 


Pliyticuin  to  the  Lomlon  lloopltnJ. 

Maf  2.  At  CItftOD,  llachattl,  relict  of  WIllUoj 
Bemers,  eai. 

At  Dover,  aged  53,  Un,  EUxabeth  BLaluip. 

At  Clapton,  aged  79,  HjUQnah-Striekland,  widow 
of  John  William  Braascli,  taq.  of  Londoo  and 
Haniburjcb. 

In  Westboume<park-road,  ilyde-park,  John 
Brewer,  esq.  lute  of  Kenningtim. 

At  the  residence  for  clorffymen'fi  wldovrn,  at 
KnosBlngtoa,  aged  80.  Maiy-Ann,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
CtiarteA  Bunon,  Rector  of  Lavcudou,  Bncku^aJid 
Blatlicrwyclce, 

At  Sheffield,  ag«d  m,  Gmrgt  Ooldle,e«r|.  M.l). 
late  of  York. 

In  Upper  tiowi^r-st,  KUtabetli,  widow  of  l^honuift 
Gotohed,  lasq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  27,  Gordon  Graliazn,  taut  -suj-- 
vh'ing  fton  of  liegiaaUi  Gratiain,  e«t. 

At  CI  I  Hun.  CttH.  George  Hood,  late  of  the  43d 
Regt.  Ligiu  Infantry,  and  Paym**t^^  of  the  Bri*- 
tol  district. 

At  They  dan  Boi.s,  E4i«ex,  aged  67,  Dl&ua,  wife  of 

the  Bev.  George  HMnblotou,  eldeat  daa.  of  the 

late  Sir  ThomoA  WWchcote,  Bart,  of  A*warby- 

paik,  Line,  by  Diana,  dou.  of  Edjiiund  Tnmor, 

of  Panton,  no.   Llnculfi.     She  was  married 

In  l!ilO  to  Herman  Gerurd  Hillkerit,  esq.  and 

indly  In  la^d  to  Mr.  Ilambletou. 

Ag«d  BO,  Wm.  Jarkinan,  e-*q,  many  yeanioU- 
itor  in  York. 

At  Lower  Blagdon,  near  Paignton,  aged  M, 
EUxabetli,  wife  of  John  Nottl«,«»q. 

At  Badgworth  Court,  Somerwt,  Ann,  nslict  of 
Robert  Pliljrpen,  e.^. 

J/oy  3.  (n  t'ppcr  Brook -^t.  aged  6S,  lira. 
Rebecca  L,  Barton,  uf  Ogwell-park,  relict  of 
Capt,  R,  C.  Barton,  R.N.  of  Burrough,  North 
Devon,  and  iiatcr  of  Sir  Ralph  Uiptis.  Bart. 
MR 

Aged  47,  Frauds  Btiddngtuun,  efq.  of  the  Stock 
Exchange. 

Aged  66,  Jolm  Gaaa,  esq.  Ware,  Herts. 

In  Great  P«rcy<«treet,  Glerkenwellf  aged  7a» 
Mr.  Cliarles  Feldwidc,  late  Aactttant  Commiasary 
at  Cawnpore,  Bengal. 

At  Covenfry.  aged  40,  Mr.  Hugh  aaskeU,  ma- 
nager of  the  Union  Bank  in  that  city. 

In  Montague-pl.  aged  69,^  Tbomaa  Kenteman, 
e«|.  late  Cii^t,  Ennl.^killen  Dragoona,  only  fnrvlT- 
Ing  ton  of  the  late  Jeremiah  KerstexDaii,  eaq.  of 
JjoftBuias. 

At  Marieill^,  aged  45,  Gc«:)rgQ  King,  eaq.  of 
Upper  HoUoway.  formerly  lecretary  ic  the  Blr- 
mingliam  and  Glotice«ter,  and  afterwards  to  the 
Chester  and  Holyhead  Ballway. 

At  Little  Canford,  near  Wimbome.  a^ied  fi, 
AnDi-lt«rla,  widow  of  Anthony  Pancorti  esq. 
havlDi^  nirvived  her  biulNUid  1  ^  mauths. 


At  Sydenham,  aged  74,  JatxiAS  PeacocJt,  esq,  late 
of  Friday-st.  London. 

At  Kennington-commou.  aged  94,  Thomas 
Shepherd,  e«q. 

Aged  47,  Richard  Wal.-sh.  c^.  of  the  Audit 
Ofllee,  London,  und  North  Western  Railway,  late 
of  Atherstone,  biuiktr. 

At  ilHdIvigh,  SiifFolk,  apjd  'Jd,  Elizabeth,  iaat 
surviving  djin.  of  Hki  late  Uiohurd  Whishuw,  esq. 

Jf*jw  4;  At  Northamptmi.  Mjiry-AiiTke,  ri'llct  of 
Mujf^r  John  Banner,  93d  Highlatiders,  formerly  of 
the  iM  Light  Dragooni, 

At  Wakut-terrace,  aged  8G,  Jane,  relict  of  Wm. 
Baogh,  6*41-  civil  engineer,  of  Limehonse,  nnder 
whc»e  direction  the  mogniflceiit  harbour  of  Ram«- 
gato  wftA  tun*truet*^d. 

Aged  84,  Philip  Bennet.  e^.  of  Rougham  H&U, 
Suffolk,  aTul  TotJesbury  l.odge,  E^ex.  He  waa  a 
Deputy-LieuL  of  the  county  of  SafToUi;:,  and  served 
the  otHce  of  lUgh  Sheritf  in  i«2L 

At  Canrick,  aged  2li,  Stewart  Beireaford  Blacker, 
eaq.  cider  »on  of  the  Rev.  James  Stewart  Blacker, 
Rector  of  Kcady,co,  Armagh ,  by  Eliaa,  oldest  dan. 
of  Conyngham  Grey,  eaq.  of  Ballyraenock,  co. 
Down. 

Aged  J* l.EliiMbeth,  widow  of  Robert  Bromley, 
esq.  of  Glapham  Ii:iK%  Surrey. 

At  Eton,  Cecilia,  relict  of  Michael  Byrne,  esq. 
of  Windwr. 

Aji?ed  22,  HeJen-Coultliftrt,  youngest  daughter 
of  the  late  Mr.  Joseph  Rosa,  of  HaMax,  co.  York^ 
and  cousin^^german  to  Mr.  John  Rosa  Coulthart,  of 
AithtoTi-nnder-Lyiie,  co.  Lancaater,  banker. 

At  KingsdowD,  near  Walnier,  Kent,  aged  79, 
WiBlom  Curling,  esq.  late  of  Limehouse  and 
Blockhoalli, 

At  Little  Thurlow,  SufTolk,  aged  76,  Captain 
ThomoA  Dench.  R.N.  He  was  midahlpniaa  of  the 
Ardt.nt  at  St.  Fioreuxo.  and  served  on  shore  dar- 
ing the  occnpiitlon  of  Toulon  in  1793 ;  of  the  St. 
(icorge  in  Hotliam'*  two  actioun,  in  1797  i  of  the 
BrItiinniA  lu  the  Mttle  of  Cupe  SL  Vincent ;  of  the 
Goliah  at  tlie  Ixtmbardment  of  Cadfx,  and  at  the 
Kile ;  and  conumanded  a  boat,  cutting  oat  a  gun* 
vessel  firom  under  the  ca»tio  of  Abonkir-  On  his 
return  he  was  ap]X)lnted,  at  the  rccommjendatlon 
of  Ospt.  Foley,  lla«ier'?«  mate  of  the  Prince  M, 
bearing  the  flag  of  Sir  Charlcii  Cott<m,  to  whom  he 
became  dgna)  Lleatenant  in  the  l»ruice  George  in 
IBOI,  and  afterwardd,  for  nearly  four  yctarn,  in  the 
San  Josef.  In  IBtW  he  was  promoted  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  NautUuit  Itt,  in  which  he  was  em- 
ployed tmtii  ConiiuAnder  of  1914,  on  the  Lisbon 
and  Meditetmnaui  stations ;  and  ci^itured  aix 
prirateors,  and  destroyed  a  seventh,  near  Cape 
Bon.  In  these  actions  the  gallant  captain  recei^red 
■tx  wonnds,  two  of  them  very  severe,  one  from 
being  struck  by  a  splinter  betw^^n  the  shoulders^ 
when  the  L'Orlenl  blew  up  at  Abonklr,  and  the 
otlier  a  ran -diet  shot  lu  the  thigh.  He  waa  made 
Post  Cnpt^iln  fn  T^?H. 

Ag^i  :  11 .  esq.  of  Surrey^ptaee, 

Old  Kl-!  in  Conrt,  Kent, 

At  liu  !  Mrkshlre,aged4B,  Mtia 

Samh  Htkiiurn. 

At  Brighton,  eged  76,  G.  Makepeace^  esq.  of 
Lewtiham. 

At  Stake,  near  Devonport,  aged  »8,  Catherine, 
relict  of  John  Simpson,  esq.  of  Harpur-nt,  London. 
Mr.  John  Trueman,  of  Edmonstan,  well  known 
in  ICansSeld  anil  Its  neighbourhood  as  the  **  Not* 
tingbamahire  Entomologist."  He  was  killed  acd- 
dentaUy  at  Ollerton  liac««,  by  coming  in  contact 
with  a  fly  which  was  driving  at  a  rapid  rate.  His 
collection  of  £nfliab  Insects  was  one  of  the  com- 
pidteat  ever  formed  by  a  private  individual,  and 
the  British  Htiseum  is  bidebted  to  it  formany 
specimens. 

Jfoy  6.    At  Dubliii,  aged  76,  Edward  AlUaon, 

esq.  late  Qovemor  of  KUmahdham  GaoL 

At  Dttlilon,  aged  67.  Robert  Dlnsdale,  eeq. 

In  Lmidon,  aged  5d,  Elkabeth-Oraham,  widow 

of  the  Hon.  William  Fraser,  of  Sattoau.    She  was 

the  second  dta.  of  David  M'Dowall  Grant,  esq.  of 


078 


Obituary. 


[June, 


Arndllly,  co.  Banff,  was  married  in  1818,  and  left 
ji  widow  in  1845,  having  had  a  very  numerous 
family,  of  whom  the  eldest  son  MnJor  Alexander 
Fraser,  of  the  28th  Foot,  is  now  heir  presumptive 
to  the  peerage  of  his  uncle  Lord  Saltoun. 

At  Micklefleld.  near  Abcrford,  William  Uirst,  a 
farm  labourer,  having  attained  the  great  age  of 
107  years.  He  followed  his  employment  until  he 
was  upwards  of  DO  years  of  age,  and  assisted  to 
harvest  at  the  advanced  age  of  100.  lie  could 
read  a  newspaper  without  glasses,  and  liis  memory 
was  unimpaired  until  witldn  a  very  few  weeks  of 
his  deuth. 

In  Camden-to^Ti,  aged  77,  Ann,  widow  of  Mr. 
W.  B.  M'Queon,  of  Euston-i)lace,  and  Tottenham- 
court-road,  copperplate-printer. 

At  Saffron  Waldeu,  aged  S3,  Miss  Grace  NevUl, 
late  of  Thaxted. 

At  Husbands  Bosworth,  aged  25,  Frances,  se- 
cond duu.  of  the  late  Henry  Sliuttleworth,  esq.  of 
Market  Harborough. 

At  Allsop-tcrr.  Rcgciit's-park,  Isahella,  relict  of 
tlie  Kev.  Joseph  Tcrritt,  B.C.L.  of  St.  Osyth's, 
Essex. 

May  6.  At  Hilary  House,  ^rVxminstcr,  aged  41, 
Mary-Anne,  wife  of  C.-ipt.  Aldridgc,  U.N.  She 
was  the  dau.  of  the  late  C.  Knight,  esq.  and  mar- 
ried in  1841. 

Aged  t>4,  Mary-Catherine,  wife  of  James  Loyd 
Busby,  esq.  of  the  Ivy's,  Kdghaston. 

At  Amwell,  Herts,  aged  75,  William  Cautherley, 
esq. 

At  sea,  on  her  passage  from  India,  age<l  36,  the 
Most  Hon.  Susan  Marchioness  of  Dalhousie,  wife  of 
the  Govemor-(.it'ncral  of  India.  She  was  the  eldest 
dm.  of  Gt'orge  Hth  ami  present  Marquess  of  Tweed- 
ilale,  by  Lady  Susan  Montagu,  3d  dau.  of  William 
6th  Earl  of  Slanchester ;  and  M-as  sister  to  the  pre- 
sent Duchess  of  Wellington.  She  was  married  in 
1836,  and  Jiad  Issue  two  daughters,  who  survive 
her,  and  a  son  still-l>om  in  1H47.  Her  ladyship 
had  travelled  by  sea  from  India  In  a  weak  state 
of  health  ;  and  died  flrom  exhaustion,  accelerated 
liy  sea-sickness,  ])rought  on  by  a  gale  which  oc  • 
curred  on  tlie  ship's  apiiroacliing  the  shores  of 
Britain. 

At  Yann,  Capt.  William  Davison,  esq.  late  of 
the  R.N. 

At  Southampton,  four  days  after  his  arrival  In 
England,  aged  34,  Capt.  Edward  CoBsar  Fanning, 
27th  Boml)ay  N.I.  second  son  of  William  Faindng, 
esq.  of  Gloucester-gardens,  Hyde- park,  after  an 
uninterrupted  ser>lce  in  India  of  nearly  16  years. 

In  SuMsex-phice,  Hyde-park-ganlens,  aged  33, 
Frances,  widow  of  J.  Greenwood,  esq. 

At  Hamraersndth,  aged  68,  Mr.  Harvey,  many 
years  proprietor  of  St.  Paul's  Hotel,  St.  Paul's- 
churchyard. 

In  the  Edgware-road,  aged  74,  Air.  Richard 
Haynes,  professor  of  languages.  He  de.stroyed 
himself  by  taking  a  large  do»c  of  j»rnssic  acid. 
The  Jury  returned  a  verdict,  "  Tliat  the  deceased 
committed  suicide ;  but  wliat  was  the  state  of  his 
mind  at  the  time  there  wa.s  no  evidence  to  show." 

At  Chiehe.'«ter,  aged  90,  Mrs.  Ireland. 

At  Brenchlcy,  Eleanor-Annie,  only  jI«u.  of  the 
late  Robert  Joy,  eMj. 

Age<l  61,  Mary,  widow  of  John  Kingdon,  e>q.  of 
Chipping  Norton,  O.xon. 

Mat/1.  At  St.  (Jeorgc's-terrace,  Hyde-park, 
aged  96,  ElizalK'th,  relict  fif  Tlmnum  uVideoake. 
«'s<i.  and  '*i>4ter  of  the  late  Rev.  .lames  Carjienter 
Gape,  of  St.  Alban'i*,  Herts. 

in  the  New  Kent-rond,  nge«l  40,  Rowland  Wil- 
llnm  Davie"  CoUctt,  es<|.  barriNfer  at-law.  He  wa«« 
railed  to  the  bar  at  the  Middle  Teniple,  No\ .  Ifi, 
M41. 

\t  Hendun,  Theobald  Ma^.^hall  Kinililannuc. 
\  itungesf  son  of  Edward  W.  Cox,  e.^i.  of  i:u>Nell-s«|. 

.\t  Weymouth,  ai?ed  7«,  William  Oiehmn,  e'^j. 

Aged  76,  Joseph  Hagne  Everett,  es.i.  of  Bidde'>- 
«lrn.  Wilts. 

At  Nettlehani,  ageil  -Vi,  Anne,  wif»«  fif  Jnhn 
HrvKl.  esq.  of  Nettloham  Hall,  near  Lincoln. 


Aged  80,  Richard  Arthur  Le  IfMnrier,  m^.  of 

the  Privy  Conndl  OfBee. 

At  Oroliam,  Croydon,  aged  87,  Robert  Jolio  M- 
lock,  esq.  second  son  of  the  Lord  Chief  Bftron. 

Of  apoplexy,  at  the  Terrace,  Kennfairton,  Ag«d 
58,  Samuel  Westcott  Tilke,  esq.  Ute  of  Thajer-at. 
Manchester-.sq. 

Man  8.  At  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  aged 
20,  Wm.-RIchard,  eldest  son  of  Wm.  Birch,  esq.  of 
Barton-under-Nt*edwood. 

At  Dover,  where  he  was  staying  for  the  benefit 
of  liis  health,  age<l  74,  Wm.  Robert  Barge«,  eiq. 
the  .senior  partner  of  the  old-cstabUshca  flnn  of 
John  Burgess  and  Son,  Strand,  and  nephew  to  the 
late  Lord  Bishop  of  Salisbury. 

At  Brighton,  aged  11,  Robert,  third  son  of 
Charles  S.  Butler,  esq.  M.P. 

At  Haslar-st.  Gosport,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Marr  CMbb. 

Aged  49,  Henry  Robert  Edgar,  exq.  M.R.C  J. 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Henry  Edgar,  fbrmerly 
of  the  23rd  Royal  Welsh  FusUIers. 

Aged  82,  MaJor-General  Vlneent  Edward  Eyn. 
He  was  appointed  Comet  Cth  Draffoona  1794; 
Lieut.  1795 ;  Lieut,  and  Capt.  Hone  Grenadiers 
nif9;  brevet  Major  1811;  Uent.-Colonel  181»s 
Colonel  1837 ;  MaJor-Oeneral  1846.  He  had  retired 
on  full  pay. 

At  Dunton-grecn,  in  Kent,  aged  ftS,  Rtchaid 
Croft  Grecnway,  a  retired  Comm.  R.K.  Be  en- 
tered the  service  In  1800  on  board  the  Syren  IS: 
was  afterwards  midshipman  of  the  Melampos  10 
and  Ville  de  Paris  IIO,  and  in  the  latter  was  nude 
Lieutenant  1805.  He  was  afterwards  Lfent.  of  tba 
Avon  .sluop,  from  which  he  invalided  in  lft08,  and 
had  since  been  on  half-pay. 

At  Bacton,  Suffolk,  aged  70,  Maria  Stiggall, 
hou.se keeper  to  the  Rev.  3Ir.  Barker,  bmtalty 
murdered  during  the  utwence  of  the  fismUy  at 
church.  Her  Afajesty's  Government  has  offered 
a  reward  of  200/.  for  the  apprehension  of  the 
murderer. 

At  Putney,  aged  77,  Wm.  Tinkler,  esq. 

In  Caniberwell-grore,  aged  38,  William  Baker 
Voung,  assistant  surgeon  7ad  Regt.  son  of  the 
late  David  Young,  esq.  of  Gomhlil,  Abenleea- 
shire. 

Mai/  9.  At  his  son's,  Norwich,  aged  84,  Joseph 
Bending,  es<i.  of  Bradwell  Grove,  Soflblk. 

In  Grosvenor-id.  aged  79,  the  Hon.  Snsan-Hall, 
widow  of  John  Cornwall,  esq.  of  Hendon,  Middle- 
sex, and  dau.  of  AdmTral  Aim  Ist  Lord  Gardner. 
She  was  married  in  1794. 

At  New  Buekenham,  Norfolk,  In  his  89th  year, 
Mr.  John  (rail,  who  had  resided  there  from  hit 
birth,  and  filled  the  offices  of  high  balllir  and 
ehurchwanlen  of  tliat  place  for  apwardx  of  flffcf 
jTars. 

At  Pelham-crescent,  Brompton,  Madame  FeroB 
Glossop,  widow  of  Joseph  Ulossop. 

Aged  81,  Rebecca,  relict  of  Joseph  Gratton,  eaq. 
of  Chesterfield. 

At  Poole,  aged  67,  Mr.  W.  Hawkins,  many  yaan 
governor  of  the  gaol. 

At  Uamsgate,  aged  58,  Daniel  Hooper,  ^. 

\i  Caynton  Houw,  Shropshire,  aged  77,  FntncCa- 
h:ii7.al)eth,  relict  of  Wm.  Ilorton,c9q.  late  Capt.  in 
6th  Foot. 

In  Finsbury-sq.  aged  60,  Robert  Jeffs,  esq. 

At  New  B<md-Ht.  agc<l  88,  Robert  Owen,  es<i. 

At  Kxmouth,  John  Prettyjohn,  esq. 

Aged  72,  Wm.  Gilyard  Scarth,  esq.  of  Eilmond- 
>t<ine  Hall,  Cheltenham,  formerly  of  Glptnn 
Loilge,  near  I^ed.'«. 

At  Brighton,  aged  17,  Agnen,  second  dau.  of 
Kear-Adni.  Sir  James  Stirling. 

At  (ilo>s(ip,  agefl  48,  E.  W.  Thompson,  eft|. 
-••Meitor,  clerk  of  the  county  courts  of  lilo^sop  and 
("onirleton,  clerk  to  the  magi stnitcs,  deputy  rar«»- 
ner  for  the  High  Vcak  dbtrtct,  tc. 

In  her  6tli  year,  MadcmoLsellv  Evelyn  Van  da 
Weyer,  second  dau.  of  his  Excellency  the  Belglili 
Minj.nter. 

May  I  (I.  At  Walmer,  Kent,  aged  47 .  John  Tho- 
mas  Bridges,  esq. 


1S53.] 


Obituaky. 


679 


At  OapliiuD,  MAfgATE:!,  reUct  of  M^|or  Robert 

At  HarEh-bank»  negcnt'St-park,  Wm«  Cummin^ , 
esq.  Deputy  CammL»iU7'  Qem. 

Jn  KcntiBJi-tQWTi,  agiHt  7lt,  Mr.  Jos^pti  Farrant, 
V[».stry  clerk  to  the  p&ri^  of  St»  Mjurtla'«i-iu~thts 
Fields  upwartU  uf  ail  ftAJri- 

mjmg,  eldest  ilmu.  or  tlie  UU  Mr.  G-  Fleminliie;,  of 
KuowleA^-rQurtt  I>oct*jra''-ooiicmi(}iii^ 

Agi^l  h\,  ClmrlCdt  FIeetwiK>d  HenritC^  ve/i.  at 
OiWueybariik  UoiMa^  Dadl^y. 

At  Kxcror,  (vged  27,  Jctlin-SJidlakep  yoQUgieft  »oii 
0f  Joufoli  MouDtfcin]^  ^■ 

At  dhicbciter,  ftgB<3  Th^  the  rflUot  of  WiUbifii 

At  Leiiiikl)ij;e:crii.,df|g]ed  7)^,  Sauiuo]  E.  Sfce^fwii*  esq, 
Jiit«  LieiiL-ColQiicI  uftho  W«ridckAthre  UUltii. 

ifaff  IL  At  KefrniftrkeU  Emuiii-Mftrjiiinti©- 
Griice^  «j|d€!it  j^urrlvJtitc  tlati,  of  tbP  lAttf  Ifciiry 
CtiAliy„  i3iH|l,  foritturly^f  tile  Kitig'«  Dfaj^uaciGuiiriy, 
fiLtid  oj^e  of  Mrs.  WiUlf^,  of  OATlton  rocrnryt  Carrib. 

At  EVatli,  Vk'ltiriii(;-^Um[r^Dure1U  <liitt-  <>i  Ed- 
ti'uril  Uiirwaud4,ei^,  Ciipt  Jd  3nd  SQUicrMiit  MlliEia. 

At  ClitpliMU-euiiutiau,  llenriflttAi  wiiloit'  t}tEk!b> 
nrd  Walter  Synaot,  cm^.  barH^tcf^t'ljiw,  unty  »ib 
bf  the  *x^ciud  m&rrlAg^  of  Sir  Walter  iSynngt,  of 
BftlljriDrtk'i-,  Jrvljiad.  ^he  wan  tbc  Hftb  dau.  ortbe 
late  lltinry  Tbornton.  e«i,  lt,F,  ^f  MaFT'Aimv, 
dsa.  af  Jofltspli  Syket,  a»ei.  of  Wett  Ella,  co.  York. 
Slha  tfhi  married  bi  1^36^  and  lefla  vfdow  Lb  1841. 

At  Wal bottle  Mou»a,  North umb.  tUo  r««ldence 
of  tieraan-j$i-l44W  An^^iilNild  (1.  Potter,eHi.Agcd  10» 
Mrs.  Ttipijin. 

J/cijf  1,1,  In  Suffolk -«{.  PftU-maU,  ag«d  &2»  Henj^ 
John  C&ntplM?!!,  Hiq 


Ag^d  &^,  Hoo'f  Mict  uf  ll^qf-Gfiii.  Thomaft 

WtUiam  H*i«Ti,  «ki.  of  tba  Sliay,  IliiUfiuE,  and  of 
Oraln«by  Tlall,  LlficolDdli .  tk  Jojtlc^  of  tbe  peace  for 
tlae  Wl'*e  Kidfng  of  Yorkshire. 

AC  n y  1  nci EI t li „  jtgtf il  69 ,  Harrletfet^anfli  i»idDW  of 
C&iit.  UMJloraii,  R.M. 

At  Coin  St,  Denmis,  Gtouc.  aeed  ei;!',  Jolm  Howae 
Ulllington  Mo^ie,  ciq, 

Aj^ed  T2pWni.  LI|;ht,esq,  orOQeen-sLCheapfide. 

At  Brcncliliry,  Kent,  Bg«a  61,  T,  It.  Man^iiEkiit, 

la  Qawoi^^tK  GiTNrr^nor-iq.  agod,  t^,  John  IfJoaOi 

At  the  Titiamgij^iiooitet  Rjng'4  Serobonie,  HAiLtSj 
Eliuih^tli,  wif«  of  tbe  R^v^.  Cbarl^K  NlcolL 

At  Oadqg;i.n-pL  ag^  79^  ths  BJg]it  Hon.  CbfT* 
lottc  Tb(.^q^la  Lady  Rjv^ttpiI&Ig.  Sbo  wii4  tlie 
fitb  dan.  of  St.  Le^i^r  1st  VlM^tLot  Iionejiiil^,  ww 
mATTltitl  In  ItSK^  tfl  Will  III  01  Sd  Lt»Td  Kirerwlal^, 
And  \e(^  bla  widow,  wUlKnit  aaup.^  to  bliitt. 

Aftt^  61  p  EEka^  wU\uvr  nf  I'boitiaa  Stflokts^  e«q. 
of  Bedford-pbwb,  ItiisMjllwicjuftre^ 

At  Sli>kc  New^ngtobi,  o^l  ^7,  William  Aya. 
QiiUigb  WtlklnuHjn,  v^n- 

i/'Tji' 13.    At   I  ,  TIst^tDttFi  DavieE,  eM]. 

tjarflatef-ftt-lji'i'.  ouL  of  tli^ro,  of  tlere* 

ftird^  and  Jin  [K I .  iri,vi>f  tljelKirouffb.   lie 

waa  rnilod  to  ibe  bai'  >;il  Liueoln't  Inn,  No?.  1B« 

At  Blnidngiuuo,  Bg*?d  T»,  Sir,  Tobn  Jelf»  for* 
msrly  of  BustUej^  only  brotli  er  to  tlie  kte  Sir  Ja^, 
Jilt. 

Majf  14.    At  liiafi,  «gfd  7(^,  William  Min(»,esi, 
Aged  |]8,  AUred  fiinlth.ew).  of  Earrfl  Coliw^ 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON, 
{From  lAff  Reiurni  inned  by  the  Reffi^irar-Gener&t,} 


Death*  Regiatered 

^1 

Week  eoding 

Utiikr 

15.     1 

15  to 

60  and     Age  not 
upwards,  specified. 

Total. 

Malei. 

FemiltfSr 

April        30  , 
M«y           7  . 

M       21  . 

1 
50?  ' 
561 
5iti 
504 

3^7 

223           — 
239             3 

204              1 
l^&          10 

1087 
1158 
1099 

lOii 

53S 

mi 

607 

$S1 

415 

1622 
15H 
1676 
U70 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Mat  20* 


a.    d. 
U     7 


Barley. 
».  d* 
31     5 


t,    d. 

Id    s 


Eye* 
f.    if, 
29    % 


i«an«« 
35    5 


Feat, 

f.    tf, 

33   a 


PRICE  OF  HOPS*  Mat  23, 
Suaaek  PockeU,  5/.  &f.  to  61.  Of.— Kent  Fock»li,  &/,  5«.  t(^  B/,  Or, 


PRICE  OP  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMJTHFIELD,  Mat  20. 

Hay,  3^  5*.  t©  iL  1&*.— Straw,  U.  6f.  to  II.  14i.— Clover,  3/,  10*.  to  5/*  10#. 

SMITHFJELD,  May  23.    To  mhIe  tbe  Offul— pur  itone  of  &lbi. 

H&Bd  of  Cftttle  at  Marketp  May  23. 
Bea^ta. .»,....,  4 ,869  CaheB 
SheepandLajuba    22,740    Plgi 


Beef. .  «...  »..,..  ,  .3t. 
Mutcoti  .  IP ,.  .,«,  ,,3tf 

Veal  ., 4« 

Pork.. .,  .,3* 


Qii. 

to  4#, 

4d. 

M. 

to  4f . 

Bfl. 

Od. 

to  5f . 

Od. 

4^. 

to  4», 

4(/ 

COAL  MARKET,  May  20. 

Walla  Endi,  hc^  I6f.  6<i.  lo  301.  M.  per  ton.     Otber  serti,  15i*  di.  to  17r«  Off, 

TALLOW,  per  owt,— Town  TaUow,  49t,  3d,      Yellow  Kumis,  41*,  $tf, 


680 

METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Stramd. 
From  April  26,  to  May  25,  1853,  both  inehuiM. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm 


bS 


•-^  ^  .      CO 


Weather. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


525 


Apr."  ° 

26  I  40 

27  ;  46 

28  I  49 

29  I  40 

30  '  51 
M.i;  55 

2  '  55 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 


8 

9 

10 


52 
51 
53 
52 
43 
36 
45 
47 


48 
34 
5% 
45 
58 
63 
61 
56 
55 
59 
59 
39 
48 
48 
51 


°    in.  pts.  May 

38   29,  68    cldy.  fair,  rn.jl   11 


40 
39 
45 
46 
47 
51 
52 


,  72    do.  do.  i  12 

,  79    do.  do.  ,1  13  . 

,  64  -raia  il  14  j 

,  69  :|fair,  cloudy  l|  15  ' 


,88    do 

,  74    do.  I 

,  77    constant  rain 

45  30,  07  .  rain,  cloudy  ' 
53       ,  10    fair  ! 

46  29,  95    cloudy  | 
37       )  59  I  rain,  snow 

I  39  ,61  I'cdy.f.sn.r.sn. 
!  40  ,47  I  rn.  snow,  hail 
!  45       ,89   icloudy,  rain 


16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 

23  I  59 

24  i  62 

25  63 


50 
50 
48 
45 
53 
53 
57 
58 
58 
52 
51 
59 


52 
55 
53 
59 
59 
63 


B 

o 

■■ 
m 


•    in.  pt». 
43  ,30,06 


Weather. 


63     50 


68 
67 
60 
60 
65 


29,97 
f  99 
,  99 
.88 
,71 
.68 
.88, 
,  95   do. 


68  >  58 
68  ;  53 
70  I  56 


fair,  cbmdf 
do.  do.  ram 
do.  do. 
do.  do. 
do.  do.  do. 
do.  do.  Jktap 
do.  do. 
do.  do. 

do. 

do. 


30,  04  i  do 

,  05  !  do.  do. 

.07 

.05 


29,99 
.74 


do.  do. 
do.  do. 


do.  do. 
do.  do. 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


•8    ^ 


Qi     Ai  0)     GO 


0)  GO         a* 


J4  9i    O 


CO 


a;  o 

CO 


OB      a>     ?,      0^ 

S  tl3  .2  C/i     • 

§-3c»|-S§|g 


I 

•3 


Ex.  Billj, 
;flOOO. 


28  22/i 

29  227i 

30  228 

3  228 

4  228 

5  228^ 

6  228 

7  228 
9  229 

10 

11229 
12  228] 

13 

14  228^ 
16  229 
17 

18  229 

19  229.i 

20  230 
21 

23  229 

24  230 

25  229 

26  230 

27  230 


100^ 

100 

100 

100* 

lOOj^ 

lOOi^ 

lOOi^ 

lOOi- 

100* 

100* 

100 

100 

100 

;)95 

0.9* 
99* 
f)9* 

100* 

100* 

100 

100 

100* 

100 

100 


100*  103^    6 

100*  103*   G 

lOOJ  103|   G 

100*  103|   6 

100*  103§    6 

100*  1031   6 

100*  1034  

100*  10;U 

100*  103] 

100*  103^    G 

100^  103*   C 

lOOj  103*   G 

1005  103*    6 

100^  102*   5* 

lOOi  102  J 

lOOji  1023    G 

100^  102^    5* 

1005  102^ 

100*  102*    G 

100*  102* 

100]  102|    G 

1005  1025    G 

100*  102*    5* 

100}  102}    5* 

100}  102}    6 


99* 
100 

100* 

995 

99} 
100 
99* 
993 
99i 

on 

100 
99} 
99^ 
99i 


116   262 

116    

2G2 

Il5i262& 

262  J 

115    261 
1151262 


-263 


114i- 


-2G2 


114    

ll.'>i263 
li:^263 
2G3 

263 

264 


38  40piii. 
37  30pn. 
2825  pm. 
23  29  pm. 

31  pm. 

32  pm. 
2731  pm. 

27  32  pm. 

28  32  pm. 
27  pm. 
25  pm. 

29  25  pm. 
39  pm. 
30  pm. 
25  pm. 


3 

7 

per. 


7  pm. 

2  pm. 

4  pm. 

par.     5  pm. 

I      5  pm. 

1      5  pm. 

par.    2  pm. 

.'  par.     4  pm. 

par.    5  pm. 

par. 

par. 

4  pm.    par. 

par.     4  pm. 

6  pm. 

2  pm. 


99j^    116 


263 
264 


29  25  pm. 
25  30  pm. 

30  25  pm. 
■    30  pm. 

25  29  pm. 

25  pm. 

•  25  30  pm. 

30  pm. 


6 
3  pui. 
Idif. 

par. 

par. 
I  difl. 
2dis. 
3du. 


«r  piu. 

Idia. 
3  pm. 
3  pn. 
3  pm. 
3  pm. 
per. 
per. 


par. 

•  2  dii.    1  pm. 

par.     1  pm. 


J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Chamberi,  Angel  Court, 

Throgmorton  Street,  JLondoa. 

J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  80N8,  PRINTERS,  25,  PARLIAMENT  eTREST. 


INDEX 

TO  ESSAYS,  DISSERTATIONS,  AND  HISTORICAL  PASSAGES. 


The  Principal  Memoirs  in  the  Obituary  are  distinctly  entered  in  this  Index,'^ 
The  Memoirs  published  in  the  Obituary  qfthe  Magazine  for  November  185S 
having  been  accidentally  omitted  from  the  Index  to  Vol,  XXXFIII,,  are  here 
inserted. 


Aberdeen f  Earl  of,  administration  of  IdO 
Addison f  Major- Gen,  T.  F,  memoir  of 

200 
Ages  of  Human  Life  494,  636 
AiX'la-Cliapelle  Cathedral^  candelabrum 

at  186,  636 
AkensidCf  Dr.  agreement  with  Dodsley 

157 
jfldersgatCf  Queen  Joan's  Wardrobe  near 

617 
Alderson,  Rev,  fFilliam,  memoir  of,  vol, 

xxxviii.  531 
AUxander^  Nath.  Esq,  memoir  of  314 
Alexandria f  excavations  at  S82 
Allanj  Major- Gen.  James^  memoir  of  437 
Almanacs  of  the  reigns  of  James  II.  and 

William  and  Mary  649 
Alne  Church,  sculptured  doorway  of  151 
Alston  schools  for  the  Blind  391 
Amate  and  Mate,  etymology  of  169 
Amei'ican  Indians ,  Dr.  Massie's  notice! 

of  137 
AmeSf  Joseph,  Esq.  letter  of  245 
Ampleforth  Church,  sepulchral  efBgy  in 

149 
Ancm'n,  near  Wick,  stone  vessels  from 

419 
Angelo,  Henry,   Esq.   memoir  of,  vol. 

xxxviii.  543 
Anglo-Saxon  MSS.  peculiar  character  of 

72 
y^n^on,  or  barbed  javelin  187 
Angouleme,  Byzantine  edifice!  at  72 
Anhalt  Koethen,  ceded  to  Duke  of  Desiau 

190 
Annagh  Church,  sculptured  stone  at  531 
Anne,  Queen,  writ  of  privy  seal  of  296 

pint- pot  temp,  of  417 

Antiquarian  Works  ir.  preparation  58 
Antiquaries,  Society  of,  proceedings  70, 

186,294,412,526,635 
— ' of    Newcastle, 

meetings  of  73,  418,  640 

of  Scotland,  meet- 


ing of  419 
Antiquaiy,  ff^anderings  of  an  37 
Antiquity,  spurious  articles  of  177 
Antrim,  Notes  on  the  Glens  of,  508 
Appleby,  Tradesmen's  Tokens  of  493 
Apsley  House,  work!  of  art  at  2 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


Archaological  AssociatioHy  proceedings  of 

73,  189,298,416,530,639 
Archaeological  Institute,  proceedings  of 

72,  188,  296,  415,  528,  623,  637 
Architects,  Institute  of,  prizes  515 
Architectural   and  Monumental    Casts, 

Museum  o/'280,  298 
Arley  JGng'^s,  monument  at  7 1 
Arm  of  Metal,  a  relic  of  Irish  art  638 
Armoury  of  the  Tower  of  London  281 
Armour f  specimen  of,  16tb  century  417 
Arnold,  Rev.  Tho,  Kerchever^  memoir  of 

667 
Arnold,  Samuel  James,  memoir  of,  vol. 

xxxviii.  538 
Arran,  Runic  Inscription  found  in  72 
Art  Union  of  London,  annual  meeting  of 

620 
Arts    and  Sciences,  proposed    national 

palace  of  54 
Astrolabe  of  brass,  of  l4th  century  638 
Astronomical  Society  56 
Athens,  fall  of  column!  of  the  Erectbeion 

294 
Audley  End,  Roman  kiln  near  996 
Austen,  Rear»Adm.  C.  John,  memoir  of 

438 
Austria,  Emperor  qf,  wounded  301 
Ava,  new!  from  532 
Babylon^  Ancient,  exploration  of  anti^ 

quities  found  532 
Baile-an-tuaid,  Ballinioy  503 
Bailey,  Joseph,  Esq,  memorial  to  884 
Bainbridge,  Cardinal,  enamelled  plate 

belonging  to  529 
Ballantine,  William,  Esq,  memoir  of  10 1 
Barony,  Descent  qfa,  by  Writ  114 
Bartlett's  Buildings,  Holborn,   Roman 

glass  found  298 
Barton,  Gen.  Sir  Robert,  memoir  of  544 
Basset,  Simon,  of  Sapcote,  seal  of  530 
Battersea,  earthen  bottle  of  16th  Century 

found  at  298 
Bayley,  Mr.  F,  W.  N.  memoir  of  324 
Bayonet,  supposed  origin  of  589 
Beauehamp  Tower,  restoration  of  882 
Beauchamp,  Earl,  memoir  of  309 
Beeher,  Mrs.  memoir  of  67 1 
Belfatif  Earl  qf,  memoir  of  488 
Belle f  imcriptiont  apoa  59i  M8 
48 


682 


Index  to  Essays^  ^c. 


1 


Bere^  Casleli  y,  relic?  fuund  at  4lo 
Berry,  M'lst^  memoir  of  9(> 
Biffg.ltsvade.^  stone  found  at  Roman  camp 

near  G.i9 
BillincrifQateAu  d  TfliUtinglorCsConiluitMYl 
Biogruphi/y    with   Notei   on    the    Glen9 

of  Aiiirim  H/)"J 
BirwiniihaTH,  f  Jtcrjiry  Institutions  o(  174 
Bifihopsirttte,  pari  of  an  iron  lump  f  ound'298 
BUterleit  Churrk,  sculptured  cross  at  37 
Black,  liear-Adm . //^iV/iai/i, memoir  of  '20 1 
Blnitut  Church,  destroyed  »>y  lire  4?'i 
Jilechingdon    Church,    sepult-hral    effigfy 

found  -{K) 
Blind,  syst cms  lA  typujiraphy  for  29 1 ,  635 
Bhod, supposed  Showers  andSpringsoi  512 
Bohun,  Humphrey  de,  seal  of  'i9H 
BonajHirtf,  arjoKance  of  385 
Bonnttr,  Mr,  William,  mcmuir  of  4-47 
Book  of  Ojficvs  of\Alh  Century  73 
/ioiroi'/CM*,  JJtaiit-n  of,  coin  and  si^net- 

rin<^  ft'iiiiii  at  0'40 
Boroii;^h  Hill  near    JJaventiy,  Roman 

villa  and  discuveries  nt  5^28 
Borrcll,  H.  P.  Esq.  memoir  tf  3i£4 
Borlhu'ick,  Peter,  Esq.  memoir  of  31« 
Bffvcobel  liouHe^  sionr  table  at  505 
Boston,  History  of 'I'^lCt 
BoAUiil,  a  Ronsj  by  1  jd 
Btifuiiical  i!>'ocie/y,  anniversary  .")6 
B'tui:  htoH  Hill,  AVw/, bronze  cup  found  ii98 
Bcutcrir,  JA.-G'en.  Sir  Henry  t\  memoir 

«»(  9  J 
Bowl,  Drinking,  temp.  Henry  VII.  189 
fiowi/cr  Wide,  sale  of  3!,'y 
B'lumnor,  U(ini;in  villa  at  29«> 
Boyrnf,  inilianif  Esq.  memoir  ol  .'io4 
Beyle,  fit.  lion.  David,  memoir  ol  310 
lioync,  Ualtlr  of  the  ':79 
Brabant,  Dultc  of,  maJMrity  «)f  .'>;}.{ 
Brad  field,  Mr.  H.  ./.  iS.  memoir  of  lOJ 
Brat/shaw.  iVaJor-  Oen  .Lau'rence,mvmu\r 

of  4.17 
Braid,  hills  ol"  V.S9 

Ihancker,  i<ir  Thomas,  memoir  (»f  4-10 
Brandon  Camp,  description  of  39 
Brass  plate  ol  Ik'mi.sh  v^orkmansliip  410' 
Brechin,  se.ii  uf  the  church  *d  ()i7 
liremt Ilium  ol  the  Koman*(,  i-xeavations 

at   1  Jl 
Bretayne,  j-hiur  de,  .MS.  oi  177 
Dretdnhani  Church,  rehuildiuR  cl  -399 
Bridges,  Comm.  J.  Henry,  memoir nl  4.^9 
//i/>«r.v,  ./dm.  .Sir  Tho.  memoir  ol  199 
linsr,  Jiihn  Huyylea,  JCsq.  memoir  of  '2 
Bnt'l'df  .S|.  Mary  Ki  dcliffo  church,  me- 
moir on  i\M}\  painted  window  erected 
at  MO 
British Cjins\v\i  laie and unj>uhlished 4 1 8 

f.o/,1  toin  ol  novel  type  Ii40 

gold  corslet  found  near  Mold  ii'i^ 

-— - —  Museum,  expenditure  of  516 
Broken  filiarf,  waterworks  erected  465 
Bromham,  bronze  head  found  415 
Bronte  Lamp  found  at  Lincoln  297 


Brooch,  Anglo-Saxon  417 

Broughiony  Dr,,  Bp.  of  Sydney,  memoir 

of  431 
Brown,  W,  K.  H.  Esq,  memoir  of  550 
Browne,  Col.  Dominick,  memoir  of  440 
Bruce,  Samuel  B,  Esq,  memoir  uf  209 
Bruen,  Col,  Henry,  memoir  of  94 
Brttmmell,  If^illiam,  Esq,  memoir  of  658 
Bruno,  Giordano^  life  and  works  of  130 
Brymer,  Ven.  fK  T.  Parr,  memoir  of, 

vol.  xxxviii.  544 
Buckinghamshire,  armour  from  189 
Budget,  The,  (Mr.  Disraeli's)  89 

for  1853,  534 

Bullhaiting  at  Kilkenny  531 

Buller,  Capi,  Tho.  Weniwrnrth,  memoir 

of  95,  2V.'6 
Bulmer,  Bevis,  and  the  gold  mines  465 
Bunsen,  Chevalier,  degree  of  doctor  con- 
ferred on  519 
Burdoswald,  recent  excavations  at  73,74 
Burges,  Rev.  George,  memoir  6G9 
Burmah,  news  from  643 
Burney,  Martin  Charles,  Esq.  memoir  of 

210 
Burns  the  Po^^  autograph  letters  from  57 
Bvrrell,  Lt.-Gen.  George,  memoir  of  313 
Bury  Ditches  Camp  4 1 
Bury  St.  Edmund's  museum  531 
Bute,  Lord,  and  John  Home  26 1 
Bute,  Earl  qf,  James  only  brother  uf  581 
Butler,  f^ery  Rev.  Dr.  George,  memoir 

of  662 
By  land  /ibhey,  foundation  of  148 
Byland,  battle  of  1322, 149 
Bysshe,  Sir  Thomas,  seal  uf  416 
Cabinet  Work,  museum  of  specimens  uf 

396 
Cairo,  beal  inscribed  in  Ariibie  from  636 
California,  news  from  190 
Calif ornian   and    /Australian    gold,    in- 
fluence of  G08 
Cambridge  Antiquarian  Society,  meeting 
of  4'JO 

orientation  of  King*s  College 

Chapel  420 

— —   seal   of  the    hospital   of   St. 

•lohn  the  Kvangelist  420 

•  Roman  wooden  causeway  foui.d 


4.'0 
t.'ambridye    Vniversity   Commiesion,    re- 

p.ort  of  44 
Cambridge  University  Prize*  57, 285,  5 1 9, 

6i2 
■  scholarships  397 

Camden  Society,  publications  of  176 
-^^— ^— ^ —  annivenary  of  621 
CampMl,  Archiliald,  Earl  of  Iclay  579 

Sir  John,  memoir  of  542 

Canada  Clergy  Reserves  Bill  422,  644 
(anino.  Prince  qf,  sale  of  the  pictures 

o(  399 
Cannon  Street^    Londou.    improve nent 

of  507 
Canierbury,  pftinted  glass  from  998 


Index  to  E$Hiy9y  Sfc. 


688 


Canierbuty  Muaeumf  hand  of  Sir  John 
Heydun  481 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  news  from  421 ,  533 

Capel,  j4dm,  the  Hon.  Sir  T.   Bladen, 
memoir  of  540 

Caracalia's  Baths  at  Rome  5b2 

Carnctacwt,  site  of  the  last  battle  of  ^74 

CardSf  Playing,  antiquity  of  417;  pic- 
torial '296,  530 

Carlisle,  City  of,  ancient  seal  of  414 

Carnarvon,  first  Earl  of,  baptism  of  2, 
226 

Carrow,  JohnMonson,  Ev^. memoir  of  668 

Carus  Prize,  instituted  at  Cambridge  285 

Castell-y-Bere,    excarations    at,    relics 
found  415 

Catt,  ff^illiam,  Esg.  memoir  of  669 

Caulfcild,    Major-Gen,  James,   memoir 
of  201 

Caulfield,  Sir  Toby,  account  of  269 

Caxton,  memorial  to  the  memory  of  518 

Caynham  Camp  38 

C^-y-Castell,  site  of  the  last  battle  of 
Caractacus  274 

Celtic  Megaliths  4\2 

Ceylon,  on  the  roinag:e  of  640 

Chadwick,  William,  Esq.  memoir  of  322 

Chalice  at  Leominster  638 

Champion,  M.    sale    of    paintings    and 
statues  of  177 

Channel  Islands,  memoir  on   the  Crom- 
lechs of  the  412 

Chantilly,  Palace  of  24 

Charles  I.  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  3 

— -^—  letters  of  5 

order  relative  to  the  execution 

of  74 

— —  top  of  a  cask  engraved  with  the 
head  of  418 

•  daughters  of  57  1 


Charles  II.,  James  1L,  and  William  III. 

proclamations  ttf  527 
Charles  V.    documents   relative   to   the 

reign  of  26 
Charles  VI.  the  Emperor,  and  Purpura  9 
Charlesworth,  E.  Parker,  Esq.  memoir 

of  548 
Chaucer,  the  genius  of,  displa>ed  287 
Cheer,  etymology  of  the  word  275 
Chelmsford,  description  of  a  Roman  villa 

in  641 
Chinn,  news  from  643 
Chinese  Seals  found  in  Ireland  528 
Cholderton,  monumeiitdl  inscripiionK  at 

171 
Christ.  Head  of,  representing  three  fares 

b*39 
Christian  Monuments  found  in  Irelandilb 
Christian   Iconography  and    Legendary 

.-frt  4IM 
Christ's  Hospital,  new  master  of  518 
Cilicia  and  its  Governors  355 
Cirencester,  Richard^  renewed  eiaroiiia- 

tion  of  270 

■    ■         authenticity  uf  392 


City  Benefices  177 

City  of  London  Library  396 

Institution,  closed  1 74 

Clairon  the  Actress,  anecdote  of  144 

Clamart,  Cemetery  of  145 

Clark,  W.  Tierney,  Esq,  memoir  of,  vol. 

xxxviii.  534 
Clee  Hills,  intrenchments  on  the  37 
Cleoburey,  IflUiam,  Esq.  memoir  of  445 
Clinton,  Henry Fynes,  Esq.  memoir  of  315 ; 

his  last  work  63 1 
Clitherow,  Lt.-  Gen.  John,  memoir  of  200 
Cloneen,  co.  Wexford,  silver  Hbula  found 

637 
Clonmacnoise,  remarkable  cross  at  415 
Clontarf,  stone  celts  from  417 
Clun  Castle,  remains  of  42 
Coal  Trade,  archcologv  of  73 
Coalbrook  Dale  Gates  285 
Coffer,  Brass,  15ih  century  70 
Coins  found  at  Boxmuur  295 

of  Canute,  398 

—  Roman  526,  530;  see  Numismatic 
Society 

Colchester,  se&\  of  the  town  of  636 

Castle,  origin  of  180 

Coltpepper,  S.  W.  mourning  ring  of  298 

Colerainc,  Lord,  will  of  246 

Coleridge,  Mrs,  H.  N.   memoir  of,  vol, 

xxxviii.  540 
Collins,  lines  on  John  Home  115 
Combe  Martyn,  Silver  Mine  at  465 
Concealors,  or  Discoverers  of  Concealed 

Lands,  387 
Coninghhy,  Sir  Harry,  monument  to  71 
Coningsby,  family  of  511 
Convocation,  meeting  of  302 
Conyers,  Henry  John^  Esq.  memoir  of  547 
Copper  Coinage,  New  534 
Cork,  Queen's  College,  Professor  of  Geo- 
logy at  623 
Corsini,  Cardinal,  grand  ball  given  by  581 
Cotton,  Sir  Robert,  spurs  uf  530 
Coughran,  George,  great  learning  of  471 
Court  o/f^ards  and  Liveries,  pruceedingt 

of  389 
Covent  Garden  Piazza,  lease  of  houses, 

1634,637 
Coventry,  antiquities  found  at  526 
Coxwall  Knoll,  intrenchments  on  40 
Crawford  Muir,  Gold  Mines  462,  589 
Crayke,  Manor  of  147 
Cripplegate-Without  /rar</,  collection  of 

plate638 
Cripps,  John  Marten,  Esq,  memoir  of  202 
Crispus,  Roman  coin  of  526 
Cromlechs  qfthe  Chavinel  Islands  412 
Cromwell,  Oliver,  MSS.  addressed  to  636 
Crozier  of  St,  Fil/an,  uffered  fur  sale  420 
Crystal  Palace  Company,  antiquities  col- 
lected by  the  176 

— — ^^—  proceeding!  of 

516 
Cuddision,  coloured  glaii  veiieli  found 
»t71 


1 


684 


Index  to  Essayiy  ^c 


t     ! 


Cuerdalty  field  of  189 

Cuma^  Sicily f  armour  found  at  S81>  53S 

Cunningham,  Dr.  A,  Visit  to  Rome  in 

1736,  2«,  159,263,579 
Cupy  Silver,  fie  vis  Bui  mar's  465 
Dalton,  Dr.  intended  memorial  to  285 
Daneshury,  celts  and  lumps  of  copper 

fuund  at  639 
Daninh  ministry ,  change  in  643 
Darell,  Lt.^^Col.  Sir  Harry,  memoir  of  3 12 
Danttmont,  Madame  F.  JVrightf  memoir 

of  551 
Daubeney,  Major ^Cen.  Henry,  memoir 

of  655 
Deane,  Lt.-Col.  Charlet,  memoir  of  546 
Derby,  Earl  of,  resignation  of  tiis  mi- 
nistry 82 
Derby  Museum,  Liverpool,  opened  396 
Derrynahinch,  silver  Ring-Money  found 

530 
Desborough,  Samuel,  pardon  of  297 
Deitingen,  letter  relating  to  the  battle 

of  531 
Devereux  Earle  of  Ettex,  Letters  of  246 
Dhuleep  Sing  admitted  into  the  Chris- 

tian  Church  643 
Dick,   Sir  Alexander,   memoir   of  22; 

Journal  of  his  tour  to  Italy,  22,  I59f 

263 
Dickens,  Mr,  C.  presentation  of  plate  to 

175 
Ditke,  CapL  R.N.  memoir  of  544 
Dillon,  Sir  Arthur  //.  memoir  of  312 
Diorama,  Regent's  Park,  sale  of  285 
DiMCoriden,  epigram  by  289 
DUteridge  Church,  mural  paintings  in  297 
D'Oberkirch,  Baroness,  memoirs  of  139 
Dodsley  and  Akenside,  agreement   be- 

tween  157 
Doleino,  Fra,  and  his  times  253 
Donaldson,  Prof,  created  Doctor  of  Phi- 
losophy 519 
Doncaster  Churchy  destroyed  by  fire  422 
Doughty,  Sir  Edward,  memoir  of  541 
Douglas,  Home's  tragedy  of  258 
Dou'lais  Iron  Works,  rise  and  progress 

of  the  165 
Drayton,  situation  of  226 
Druim-meenie,  ruins  of  503 
Dublin,  liidmtrial  Exhibition   at   296; 

opening  of  620 
Dublin  Ray,  steamboat  Queen  Victoria 

lost  in  30'J 
Dttddingstone,  matrix  of  a  Hebrew  seal 

found  at  420 
Dudeney,  Mr.  John,  memoir  of  325 
Duel,  an  Knglifih,  in  1 599, 48 1 
Dugdale,  Sir  ll'illiam,  badge   of  office 

for  416 
Dunham,  Prebend  of,  seal  of  416 
Durer,  Albert,  medal  by,  1508,  52'^ 
Dyott,  John  Philip,  Esq.  memoir  of  443, 

570 
Kast  Roldon,  buckle  or  fibula  fuund  in  a 

tumulus  at  418 


East  HamChurehf  fresco  paintinn 

642 
Ecclesiastieai  Architeeiure  t^  France 
EdgeMll,  dagger  temp.  Charles  I.  fa 

at  298 
Edinburgh   Castle,    restoration    of 

chapel    of    St.    Margaret     in    4 

monster  cannon  called  Mons  Mei 

529 
Edinburgh  University^  election  of 

sident  397 
Edward  III.  letter  of  protection  to  J 

Kemp  by  613 
Egbert,  new  interpretation  of  the  mo 

gram  on  coins  of  640 
ElagabaluM,  Emperor,  character  of  3 
Eleanor  of  Castille,  documents  relai 

to  188 
Election,  General,  of  1853,  190 
Eliiabelhj  Queen,  curious  hat  of  189 
Elisabeth,  second  daughter  of  Cbarlei 

life  of  573 
Elliccp  Rev.  William,  and  the  Lorn 

Missionary  Society  520 
Ely  Cathedral,  remarkable  coffin-lid 

528 
Empson,  Prof,  fyilliam,  memoir  of  9l 
English  Etymology,  Mate  and  Amii 

&c.  169 

Cheer  875 

Engravers,  admitted  to  be  Royal  A 

demicians  56 
Enamelled  Fibula  73 
Epigram  by  Dioscorides  289 
Episcopal  F\tnetions,  discbarge  of,   14 

and  15ih  centuries  188 
Essex  ArchtEological  Society  ^  inaugurat 

56;  meeting  of  641 
Essex,  Devereux  Earls  of,  Lives  of  2A 
Essex  Wills,   illustrating  manners   n 

customs  15th  and  16th  eentury  641 
Estoving    Hall,     Lincolnshire,    local 

of  226 
Ethelred,  King  of  Wessex,  brass  of  73 
Etymology,  English  169,  875 
Euginie,  Empress  643 
Exeter,  curious  ring  found  at  639 
• Cathedral,  mural    paintings 

188,  529 
-^—  Diocesan  Training  College,  foi 

datiun  laid  644 
Exhibition  if  1851,  Commissioners*  1 

port  54 

Museum  of  396 
Exhibition,   Great    Industrial,    Duhi 

296  ;  opening  of  620 
Fairland,  Mr.  Thomas,  memoir  of  10 
Fareham,  gold  seal-ring  discovered  52 
Farinelli  and  Pompadour,  contrast  I 

twccn  9 
Farley  Heath,  British  and  Roman  an 

qui  ties  found  at  529,  638 
FrjeirAry  Collection,  The,  exhibition 

62J 
Felix,  Bulla,  history  of  35? 


,\ 


Index  to  Essays^  8fc. 


685 


Fellowes,  Reaf'Adm*  Sir  Tho»  memoir  of 

653 
Ferrara,  bronze  medallion  on  taking  of 

418 
Fetlerst  historical  paper  on  398 
Fibula,  Jewelled,  found  in  Lincolnshire 

298 
FindeHf  Alt;  William f  memoir  of,  vol. 

xxxviii.  542 
Fitcus,  meaning  of  the  word  354 
Fish-hook  money ^  observations  on  640 
Flajc,  cultivation  in  Ireland  289 
Fleur-de-lis,  origin  of  the  188 
Florence,  description  of,  1736,  263 

gold  coin  of,  1805,  417 

Forester,  Major  Hon,  C,  R,  fFi  memoir 

of,  vol.  xxxviii.  524 
Forgeries  of  letters  57  ;  of  seals  in  jet  and 

brass  177 
Forrest,  Mr,  Robert,  sculptor,  memoir 

of  324 
Fountains  Jbbey,  excavations  at  642 
France,  EcclesiasticnlArchitecture  of  637 
France,  Minor  Councils  of,  MS.  70 
France,  news  from  75,  190 
^—  marriage  of  the  Emperor  301 
Francis  J.  kteel  box  said  to  belong  to  70 
Franklin,  Benjamin,  original  letters  of  8 
Fraser,  Lt.-Cen.  Hastings,  memoir  of, 

vol.  xxxviii.  529 
Fraser,  Rev.  Peter  Lovett,  memoir  of  316 
Freund,  Dr.  and  the  Koman  dialects  519 
Fulhroke,  Sir  Thomas  Lucy's  park  at  1 14 
Gabriel,  Major-Gen,  R.  Uurd,  memoir 

of  655 
Galileo  Correspondence  519 
Gawsworth  Church,  frescoes  discovered 

416 
Geographical  5ociV/y,  anniversary  622 
Genoa,  palace  of  Durazziat  162 
George  II,  silver-gilt   ring  given   to  .i 

pilot  by  299 

—  brass  medal,  temp,  of  299 

Gerard* s  Hall,  relics  found  73,  297 
German   Sepulchral  Brasses,  collection 

of  529 
Germanicus^  unique  denarius  of  639 
Germany,  Trade  Schools  of  54 
Gihbs,  James,  Esq.  memoir  of  447 
Gilbert,  Rev.  Joseph,  memoir  of  213 
Lt.-Gen.  Sir   Walter   R.   me- 
moir of  652 
Glamorganshire,  antiquities  from  639 
t?/^nari;//,  glen  of  503 
Gnesen  Cathedral,  sepulchral  brasses  in 

638 
Gnostic  ring  189 
Godmanchester,  derivation  of  the  name 

526 
Gottingen   University,  degree  of  doctor 

conferred  by  519 
Graham,  Robert,  character  of  478 
Graham,  Sir  Sandfard,  memoir  of,  toI. 

xxxviii.  526 
Granada^  City  of^  panonna  of  B90 


Grant,  Captain,  memoir  of  656 

Greece  and  Asia  Minor,  gold  ornaments 

from  637 
Gregorians,  Society  of  ill 
Gregory^  George,  Esq.  memoir  of  444 
Guelph,  surname  of  338 
Guest,  Sir  Josiah  John,  memoir  of  91 
Gulistan,  extract  from  234 
Hadrian,  builder  of  the  Roman  wall  179 

and  scraping  acquaintance  230 

Halcomb,  Mr.  8erj.  John,  memoir  of  95 
Halicarnassus  Marbles,  casts  from  623 
Hall,  Bishop,  and  Hawsted  rectory  531 
Hardwick,  Miss,  bequest  to  the  schools 

and  hospitals  of  London  57>  556 
Harley,   Salop,  old  and  new   churches 

at  50 
Harwich,  marble  sculptures  found  at  1 14 
Hasted,  Rev,  Henry,  memoir  of  98 
Hauberk,  Oriental  298 
Hawking  implements,  set  of  297 
Hawsted  Rectory  House,  and  Bp.  Hall  53 1 
Hawtrey,  Dr,  sale  of  library  of  400 
Hayes  Church,  ancient  helmet  from  S97 
Haynau,  Marshal,  memoir  of  539 
Hedingham  Castle  in  1592,  survey  of  598 
//e/mtf/«, engraved,  temp.  Henry  VIII. 589 

of  the  12tb  and  14tb  centuries 

639 
Henrietta-Maria,  letter  of  7 
Henrietta- Anne,  youngest  daughter  of 

Charles  I.  memoir  of  575 
Hepple  Castle,  history  of  469 
Hei-aldic  Grievances  ^  Scotland  282 
Herbert,  Hon.  Col.fK  baptismal  register 

of  children  of  2,  226 
Hereford  Cathedral,  Altar-screen    and 

Memorial  Windows  in  284 
Hetchester  entrenchment  471 
Hey  don  with  one  Hand  48 1 
High  Rochester,  inscriptions  discovered 

124 
Hildesheim  Cathedral,  bronse  gates  of 

416 
Hill  Inlrenchmente  on  the  borders  of 

Wales  37 
Hind,  Mr,  pension  granted  to  57 
-■  Editor  of  the   Nautical  Al- 

manac 519 
Hinde,  J,  H,  paper  on  the  Notitia  Sta- 
tions in  the  North  of  England  641 
Hindu  philosophy t  Prize  Essay  on  398 
Hoare,  Sir  Joseph  Wallis,  memoir  of  198 
Hodgson,  Rev.  Francis,  memoir  of  442 
Hoghton,  Susannah,  dowager  Lady,  me- 
moir of  90 
Hollands  of  Estoving  Hall,  family   of 

226 
Holland,  Dr.  Henry,  created  a  Baronet 

519 
Holland,  change  of  ministers  in  643 
Home,  John,  Memorials  of  1 1 5,  258 
Homer,  the  Dead  as  described  by  237 
H$0d,  Rebuts  and  Sherwood  Forest  107; 
bit  prototype  Felix  Bulla,  359 


686 


Flope,    Mr,    James,     memoir    of,    vol. 

xxxviii.  540 
HopCf    Mr.  J,   R.  takes   ibe   name  ot 

Scott  39a 
Hoitkins,  Kedgwin,  Enq.  meuiioir  of  440 
Hovingkam^  ]iii:lurt8quu  liCMiery  of  140' 
Hoylakct  riii{$-tibijU  from  7 '2 
Hull,    fuuiulatioii    of    Buildings    for   (lie 

Subscription  Library  and  Hbiluiiupbic.1l 

Society  6J2 
Humty  David,  and  John  Home  ^O'J 
Huhetin  Prize  17r> 
immaculate  Contrition   -J'  the  Virgin , 

the  Doctrine  o/'At 
Imhoff\  Gen.  Sir  Charles^  memoir  of  :A\\ 
Income  Ta.i\  Tb»»  ;J77 
India,  nt'MS  (nun  l!K),  \1\ 
Ireland,  Aficitnt  Arms  0/  VJ2ii 
■  Ancient  Retards  q/'2(i'i 

riax  cultivation  in  'i89 

EarlyCbristianMonunients  found 


Indeo'  to  Esmtfiff  Sfc. 


in  415 


Sbrine  of  St.  Munebaii  4K1 
Mtftal  arm  G3B 


Irisk  Bhhops  employifil  a^  Englisb  Suf- 

Irajicans  ^7.* 
Irish  Chancer  If,  Patent  and  Close  Rolls  of' 

the  2GH 
Italian  Episcopal  Settltt  *iy7 

Target  ■.'|)7 

-^—  of  Stena,  puriiv  nf  458 

//<!///,  n«'ws  from  4  J I 

ivory  Carving  of  14fb  century  297 

Drinkinf('horn,  tt-nip.  Edward  IV. 

73 

—  KniJe-handfecarrf:d,{iu\\K  ClurbN 
11.417 

James  i.  and  St,  Jamexs  i^ark  514 
James  //,  t* Hcap«-  from  tbe  Boyne  27J» 
Jenour^  Mr,  Joshua,  memoir  ol  3'25 
Jerdant  Mr.  piMisn-.n  granted  to  .'^07 
Jerpoint  y/bhcg,  rt'p:»irs  of  530 
Jervoise^  Rev.  Sir  Samuel  C.  memoir  o'. 

vol.  xxxviii.  .'I'.'O' 
Jeviish  Disahilitu'H  Hill  4  22,  534.  (>44 
Joan,  Dame,  (iravcstoni*  of  5U4 
Joan  and  Jam,  (';imden*K  remarks  on 

6*18 
JohneS'Kiiifih*,  Rev,  Samuel,  memoir  of 

318 
Johnson,  Capt,  l'].  Jnfm,  mtmuir  of  439 
Major   //.    Cavendish,  memoir 

of  4 10 
Junes f  Rear- /4dm.  SirC  T.  mi'mi>ir  of  544 
Jonson,  Richard,  artifii.-e  of  39'2 
Jupiter,  Teniffle  of,  fall  of  a  column  of  5.'i4 
Kaye^   Dr.    lip.  of  Lincoln,   memoir  of 

4'JX,  570 
Kemp,  John,  of  Ihiiiilers,  f^etter  of  Pro- 
tection to  0'13 
Kendal,  The  Clothiers  oJ\  and  tbeir  Trade 

Tokens  488.  fil';;  seal  ol  ilie  toMii  of 

493 
Kensington  Gardens,  metal  gates  erected 


Keri^OH,  Cen,8irEdwardtmcmoiT  of  549 
Kestner,  Chevalier ,  memoir  of  548 
Khorsabad,  Assyrian  palace  at  398 
Kilbride  Chapel,  antiquities  frum  42U 
Kilburn  i^riory,  ancient  relics  from  7S 
Kilkenny  Antiifuarian  Soeiely^  meeting  of 

530 
Killing  of  a  Calf,  interlude  of  189 
KilmaUock,  ornaments  from  S93 
Kingoldrum,  cross  and  chain  found  in  a 

grave  at  528 
Kinfi  *.v  College  Chapel,  Cambridge,  orien- 
tation of  4'ZO 
AriX/^i^t'iV,  toucbin^  for  ^96^637 
Kinffs  Langley  Church,  order  in  council 

of  10*83,  295 
Kirkhy  Moor  side  ^  copy  from  reKister-book 

of  151 
Kirkby  Stephen,  tradesmen's  tokens  494 
Knight,  Edward,  Esq.  memoir  of  201 
ReK.  Samuel  John,  memoir  of 

31H 
Knighthood,  The  Oath  of  45S 
Koh-i-A'oor  diamond  40U 
Kouyunjik,  excavations  at  G06 
Kutchuk  /Hi,  cbaracter  of  35.^ 
Kyme,  family  of  220' 

/«ci<'Ai«A|ri|ire6entationoftbcCakingofS(M 
Lacon.  Sir  Richard,  brass  of  5 1 
iMmbeth  Church,  memorial  window  399 

tombofTradescanisSlt 

iMmpettr  College,  professorsbip  founded 

175 
Ijamps,  curious  i:|)ecimens  of  189 
Lanarkshire,  ancient  camps  iu  416 
Lancashire,  inundation  in  191 
Lang,  Mr.  Oliver,  memoir  of  555 
Latham,  John,  Esq,  D.  C.L.niemiiir  of  44^ 
Latin  MS.  of  the  GoipeUfnm  Treves  597 
Lawrence,  John,  Jun,  Esq.  memoir  of  445 
Lau'son,  Andrew,  Esq,  memoir  of  657 
Layard,  Dr.  freedom  of  London  conferred 

•  n  397 
l^ndenhall  Street,  ancient  crypt  282 
Ijcad  Hills,  Scotland,  mines  at  463,  589 
Lee,  Rtv,  Samuel,  D.D,  memoir  of  903 
(^c  (irice,  C.  y.  sonnet  by  129 
Leifihton  Church  5 1 
Leominster  Priory  Church,  excavations 

at  '29D,  0M8 
l^rri,  Mr.  Leoni,  Kold  medal  presented  by 

tbe  Km|ier(»r  cf  Austria  to  519 
Lnvis,  Capt.  Tho.  Locke,  memoir  of  94 
i.brary  uf  the  City  of  London  174,  396 
Limerick,  porcelain  seal  found  528 
/. imofi  es  enamels  X 1 1 1 .  century  1  i^ 9 
Lincoln,  Dr.  Kaye  lip,  of,  memoir  of  428. 

570 
Lincoln  Cathedral,  fire  at  424 
Lincoln,  aiitiquitivs  found  at  188;  bronie 

figure  in  civd  costume  and  term  cotta 

box  found  at  294 

bronze  lamp  found  at  297 

lAUcolnthire,  ornaments  found  998 
LioH-faeed  mask,  iron  997 


Index  to  Eisat^s,  Sfc. 


687 


Literary  Fund  Society,  meeting  of  394  ; 

anniversary  (>2l 
FAterary  Personal  Distinctions  conferred, 

57,  175,  2H5,  397,  519,  6'23 
Literary  Queries  570 
LittOj  Count  Pontpeo,  niemuir  of  SO.J 
Littus  Saxonicum,  The  295 
Liverpool^  Boscoe  Centenary  and  Derby 

Museum  at  39(> 
Livingstone^  Adni.  Sir  T.  memoir  of  541 
LlanJ'rynach  common^  celt  found  at  G3() 
LUmgatogjujctaVsk^ singular tunib at  S99 
Lloyd,  fVilUam  Freeman,  Esq.  nimiuir 

of  ()G8 
Loch,  Cayt.  Granville,  li.IV.  memoir  of 

545 
London,  Miss  llardwick*ti  l)eque<it  to  the 
ftchooU  and  liospitals  of  57 »  556;  col- 
lections of  pottery  found  in  S9H 

City,  library  174 

Institution,  library  of  397 

Mansion  House,  statueti  U.v  517 

Port  of,  ♦•» Urging  of  422 

— — -  tradesmen's  tokens  f»iiind  in  'J9!) 
— — -  University,  (  xaniintr*  51 B 
Loraine,  Sir  John  L.  memoir  of  9(' 
Louis  XV.  cbaracitT  (»f  1 - 
i^unyer's  Common  Plact  /iooX*, author  (*f 

Lovelace,    Rl.   Hon,   A.  Ada  CWess   of, 

memoir  of  89 
Lower  Sproad,  aiUMenl  farnihonse  at  4^ 
Lucian,  The  Phihpseudes  0/583 
Lucy^  i^ir  Thomas,  deer  park  <if  70,  114 
Lttdlou',  town  of  37 
Ludlow,  General,  letter  of,  1689,  528 
Lnrgan  ('/anbrassil,  a  sonj»  by  lioswell» 

Luaemboury  Gallery  of  Paintings  25 
Lynn,  Chapel  of.St.  iVicholas  at  398 
LysippuH,  Horses  of,  removal  of  3H6 
Macaulay,  lit,  Hon.  T.H.  Prussian  Order 

of  M«rii  conferred  on  285 
Alacyillivray,  Prof,  William,  menniir  of, 

vi)l.  xxxviii.  533 
Alacleod,  Roderick,  Ksq.  memoir  of  547 
Macku'urth,  Sir  Dig  by,  memoir  of,  vol. 

xxxviii.  524 
Mudiai,  release  of  the  533 
Madonna,  the,  viorship  of,  4t)l 
Maids  of  Honour,  designation  of  (he  570 
Malta,  cinerary  urn  from  419 
Alalton  and  Driffield  Railway,  opening 

of  fUl 
Man  a  Machine  210' 
Manchester  created  a  city  533 
Mangin,  Rev.  Edward,  memoir  of  97 
Man's   Life  into  Stages,  origin   of  the 

divisions  of  {jMt 
Mantell,   Dr.  parentage   and  education 

of  the  late  2 
Many,  etymology  of  the  word  52 
Margaret  of  Trent  and  Fra  Dolcino  ^55 
Marischal  College,  Aberdeen,  election  of 

Lord  Rector  397 


Marlborough,  Duke  of,  diamond  George 

of  2 
Marlborough  House,  museums  at  ,i3Q 
Marseilles,  city  qf,  in  1736,  160 
Martin,  Honest  Tom,  letter  to,  1743,  53! 
Mary,  Queen,  illuminated  MS.  belooging 

to  294 
Marp  Queen  of  Scots,  jewel  supposed  to 

have  belonged  to  298 
— — — — ^—   miniature  of  298 
Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  Charles  I.  life 

of  572 
Mason  the  Poet,  chair  of  338 
Masseyk,  Mr.  imprisonment  of  356 
Massie,   Dr.   Notices  of  the  American 

Indians  137 
Mate,  Make,  Match,  and  Meet,  etymolory 

of  169 
Maximin,  Emperor,  anecdote  of  353 
Maxwell,  fF.  Earl  qf  Nithsdale,  eicape 

from  the  Tower  579 
Maze  and  Amaze,  etymology  of  169 
Meuih,   Bishop  of.  Dr.  Townsend,  me- 
moir of,  vol.  xxxviii.  523 
Melbourne,  Viscount,  memoir  of  309,338 
Mercier,  Citizen,  character  of  139 
Merewether,  Dean,  memorial  to  284 
Merriman,  Samuel,  Esq.  memoir  of  207 
Mesmerism  known  to  the  Romans  233 
Microscopical  Society,  meeting  of  396 
Middlesborough  Church,  steeple  damaged 

by  a  storm  19 1 
Middleton  Church,  rood-loft  in  37 
Milan,  insurrection  at  30f 
Mills,  John,  Esq.  memoir  of  444 
Milton  the  Poet,  portrait  of  526 
Minrhenhampton,  old  accounts   of  the 

parish  of  636 
Ministry,  Resignation  of  the  Derby  8S 
Mold,  British  gtdd   corslet  found   near 

639 
Monasterboice,  remarkable  cross  at  415 
Monmouthshire,  Qu  ake  rs'  b  u  ry  i  ng-ground 

in  639 
Monuments  of  Asia  and  Europe  com- 

pareil  420 
Montagu,  Mrs.  letter  of  157 
Montenegro,  news  from  190 
Momtresor,  Gen.  Sir  T.   Gage,   memoir 

of  651 
Montrose,  The  Couains  of  Al^ 
Moore,  Thomas,  testimonial  to  5l8 
and  Byron,  comparison  between 

154 
Morant  MSS.  56 

More,  Sir  Thomas,  genealogy  of  294 
Moresby,  Roman  antiquities  of,  123,  194 
Morton.  Saville,   Esq.    memoir  of,  toI. 

xxxviii.  539 
Afote  Hill,  fjanc.  Roman  pottery  found, 

298 
Mourning-ring,  temp.  Elis.  298 
Mouaa,  burgh  of  anecdote  of  419 
M^ing,  Baron,  anecdotes  of  3B6 
Mwrroff  Hm,  Jmmm^  death  of  560 


68P 


Index  to  Eifnaysy  igc. 


^ 


Museum  of  Jrchiieciural   and    Monu- 

mental  Casts  1280 
Museum  of  Porcelain  and  Cabinel'Work 

396 
Musket    and    Caliver^    from    Penshurst 

Castle  72 
Namptwich  Token  570 
Napoleon,  enamelled  portrait  of  70  ;  will 

of  400;  MSS.  517 
National  Debt,  alterations  in  533 
National  Gallery  338 
National  Palace  of  the  Arts  and  Sciences, 

proposed  54 
Nautical  Almanac,  editor  of  519 
Necromancy,  practised  before  the  time 

of  Moses  239 
NeildyJohn  Camden^  Etq.  property  of  570 
NelsoiCs  Correspondence,  sale  ol  516 
Net  her  Oy  Churchy  frescoes  at  59 
Newark  Church,  arms  and  brass  plate 

at  639 
Newcastle  Society  of  Antiquaries,  meet- 
ings of  73,418,  640 
Newcome,  Henry,  the  Puritan  of  Man- 
chester 16 
Newcomen,  pedigree  of  tbe  family  of  530 
New  Forest,  Roman  potteries  discovered 

187 
Newnham  Regis,  discovery  of  ancient 

rofTins  187 
Newport,  coins  and  relics  from  189 
Newton,  Sir  Isaac,  relics  of  519 
New  York  Crystal  Palace  400 
Nicholas,  Abbot,  Itinerarium  of  the  12th 

century  64'2 
Nicholl,  Rt,  Hon,  John,  memoir  of  3 1 1 
Nicholson,  ]V,  Adams,  Esq,  memoir  of 

552 
Niebuhr,  Heorge  Barthold,  character  of 

185 
Norfolk,  inundations  in  191 

architectural  remains  found  72 

Norton,  family  of  51 1 
Notitia,  paper  on  tbe  stations  of  the  641 
Nottidge,  f^dliam,  Esq.  memoir  of  550 
Nottinghamshire  ff^ata'  Mills  520 
Novogorod,  sculptured   bronze  gates   at 

416 
Numismatic  Socieli/,  meetings  of  417i 

639 
Oath  of  Knighthood,  the  458 
Oberlin,  John  Frederic,  anecdote  uf  61 
Offa's  Dyke,  extent  of  42 
Old  Jewry,  Prince  s  Wardrobe  in  the  (i\t 
Ogle,  Rev,  John  Savile,  D.D.  memoir  of 

664 
Onehouse  Bridge,  gold  ring  discovered  at 

r)3I 
O'Neils,  landed  estates  of  the  268 
Orange,  Prince  oJ\  march  of,  in  1688, 1 7 1 
Orjila,  M,  memoir  of  554 
Orientation  of  King^s   College   Chapel, 

Cambridge  420 
Osborne,  Sir  Daniel  Toler,  memoir  of  G5 1 
Oxenfoord,  barony  of  339 


Oxford  and  Mortimer,  Eari  of,  memoir 

of  308 
Oxford  Museum  qf  Science  V85 
Oxford  University,  scholarsbi  ps  and  priiei 

397,  519  ;  election  of  registrar  622 
Ozilden  cemetery,  relics  found  in  417 
Palmer,  George,  Esq,  memoir  of  656 
■  Rev.  Father,  memoir  of  101 

Ricftard,  Esq.  memoir  of  212 

Palmerston,  Lady,  family  of  338 
Panorama  of  the  City  of  Gremada  520 
Paraguay,  independence  of  4S2 
Paris,  a  visit  to  in  1736  S4 
Paris  Academy  qfSciencee,  prizes  175 

singular  leaden  objects  found  in  415 

Parker  Society,  completion  of  publica- 
tions 176 
Parliament  reassembled  301 
Parry,  Lt,-Gen,  Sir  Z#.  P,  Jona,  me- 

moir  of  312 
Peers,  Charles,  Esq.  memoir  of  551 
Pelly,  Sir  John  Henry,  memoir  of,  %'ol. 

xxxviii.  527 
Pendrell,  Dame  Joan,  gravestone  of  504 
Pcnn,  William,  imprisonment  of  527 
Penshurst  Castle,  ancient  fire-arms  from 

73 
Pereira,  Jonathan,  M.D.  memoir  of  320 ; 

memorial  to  518 
Peny,  Thomas,  Esq.  memoir  of  553 
Peruvian  pottery,  ancient  530 
Peter  the  Hermit,  statue  of  1 76 
Peter,  William,  Esq>  memoir  of  441 
Peterborough,  Dr.  Butler,  Dean  of,  me- 
moir of  662 
Petre,  Henry  W.  Esq.  memuir  of  3 15 
Petronius  Arbiter,  character  of  35 1 
Philip  qf  Spain  and  Farinelli  iO 
Philopseudes  of  Lueian  533 
Philpot  Ltune,  Roman  remains  found  639 
Photographic  Society  285 
Pickering  Church,  mural  paintings  in  74 
Picfish  towers  of  Shetland  4}  % 
Picts'  Houses,  memoir  on  637 
Pilgrim* s  Token  of  lead,  temp.  Edward 

111.73 
Pilkington,  Lt.'Gen,  Sir  Andrew,   me- 
moir of  436 
Plat,  Oliver,  token  of  492 
Playing  Cards :  see  Cards 
Pompadour,   Marchioness  de,  character 
of  12 

_^ engravings  of  1 5 

Pompeii  and  f/^rcM/aiifHiM  illustrated  285 
Pontpfract  Castle,  original  letters   con- 
nected with  74 
Poore,  Capf.  William,  memoir  of  655 
Porcelain  and  Cabinet  fFitrk,  museum  of 

at  Marlborough  House  396 
Portland,  discoveries  made  in  72 
Porter,  G,  R,  monument  to  398 
Posen  Cathedral,  sepulchral   brasses   in 

638 
Preston,  celt  and  spear-head  found  at  415 
Pretender,  anecdotes  rf  the  family  of  579 


A 


Index  to  Essay s^  Sfc. 


689 


Price,  Mr,   Edward  Bedford,  memoir 

of  445 
Prince't  ffTirdroLe  in  the  Old  Jewry  617 
Printers*  Pension  Society,  anniversary  of 

395 
Prittie,  Hon.  Francis  A,  memoir  of  540 
Proclamation  by  the  Pretender,  1742,  526 
Proclamations,  the  Society  of  Antiqua- 
ries' series  of  7 1 ,  295,  4 1 5 
Property  or  Income  Tax,  Reports  on  377 
Pugin,  Aug,  N,  fVelhy,  Esq,  memoir  of, 

vol.  xxxviii.  534 
— —  Medi<eval  Collection,  sale  of  28 1 
Quarrington,  Saxon  relics  found  189 
Quicksilver  mines  in  Spain  and  Peru  612 
Rabelais,  forgery  of  a  letter  of  57 
Railways  in  Yorkshire,  opening  of  644 
Ramsay,  Allan,  and  the  Tea-Table  Mis- 
cellany 370 
Randall,  Framis,  and  escape  of  James 

II.  279 
Rathcroghan  cemetery, %ione  censer  found 

530 
Hawlinton,  Col.  Prussian  order  of  merit 

conferred  on  57 
Reigate,  Gaulish  gold  coin  found  near  639 
Reinier,  Archduke,  memoir  of  307 
Reynolds,  John  Hamilton,  Esq,  memoir 

of  100 
Riccalton,  Mr.  friend  of  Thomson  369 
Rice,  Rev.  Edward,  D,D,  memoir  of  3 16 
Richardson,  Dr,  Charles,  pension  granted 

to  57 
— —  Mrs,  pension  granted  to  397 
Richmond,  Duke  of,  miniature  of  70 

letter  of.  1743,  531 

Rings,  of  gold  and  silver  531,  532,  639; 

betrothal  639 
Ring-Money  found  at  Derrynahinch  530 
Robinson^  Capt,  Charles,  R.N.  memoir 

of  43.0 
Roche,  James,  Esq.  memoir  of  658 
Rogers,  Edward,  Esq,  memoir  of  44 1 ,  458 
Rowan  antiquities  found  in  J^ondon  417 

kiln  296 

lamps,  specimens  of  299 

intaglio,  convex  53 1 

■^— -  villa  in  Essex,  72;  nearDaventry 

5«8 

glass  vase  found  in  Essex  71 

Roman  fVorld,  The  Masters  of  the  227 
Rome  in  the  year  1736,  263,  579 
Romeland,  at  Billingsgate  392,  509 ;  at 

Queenhithe  509;  at  St.  Alban's6I7 
Ronalds,  Mr.  F.  pension  granted  to  57 
Rosamund^ s  Pond,  origin  of  the  name  617 
Roscoe  Centenary  and  Derby  Museum  at 

Liverpool  396 
Rose,   Lt.-Gen.   Sir  John,   memoir  of, 

vol.  xxxviii.  528 
Rousseau,  Jean  Jacques,  MS.  o/*  177 
Royal  Academicians,  engravers  admitted 

to  be  56 ;  election  of  284 
Royal  Society,  anniversary  of  55;  relics 

of  Newton  519 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXIX. 


Royal  Society  (f  Literature,  anniv.  of  62  i 
Royal  Society  of  Northern  Aniiquariet, 

annual  meeting  of  642 
Royston,  Lady  Roesia's  cave  at  71  ;  Ro- 
man remains  from  a  tumulus  near  189 
Rumbold,  Sir  Cavendish  S.  memoir  of  542 
^mer's  Foedera,Aud  his  MS.  Collections 

479 
Sacckareh,  discovery  of  buried  city  282 
Sacrilege,  the  punishment  of  530 
St.  David's  College,  Lampeter,  Professor- 
ship founded  175 
St,  James's  Literary  and  Scientific  So- 
ciety, anniversary  397 
St.  James's  Park,  temp.  James  1. 5 14,616 
St,  Leu,  Duchesse  de,  removal  from  Paris 

386 
St.  Manchan,  shrine  of  415 
St,  Mary  Axe,  suppressed  church  of  49 
St,  Mary  Redcliffe,  Bristol,  painted  glass 

399  ;  memoir  on  636 
St.  Paul's  Cathedrai,  restoration  of  518 
Churchyard,  Runic  stone  found 
in  187,297,642 
Salvin,   Rev.  Hugh,    memoir    of,    vol. 

xxxviii.  532 
Sandwich,  embossed  brick  found  at  189 
Sondes,  nomas,  of  Kendal,  token  of  491 
Saxon  relics,  personal  ornaments  189 

urns  found  in  England  416 

weights,  collection  of  417 

Saxony,  Elector  of,  sepulchral  brass  of 

1428,  529 
Scholefield,  Rev.  Professor,  memoir  of 

664 
School  of  Design,  removal  of  284 
Scientific  Honours  recently  conferred  57, 

175,  285,  397)  519,  623 
Scorton  Chapel,  bell  at  148 
Scotland,  Society  of  Antiquaries,  meeting 
of  419 

A  Trip  to  the  Gold  Regions  of 

459i  589 

Heraldic  Grietfanees  i^28S 

Scott  of  Abbotsford,  name  assumed  398 

John,  death  of  384 

SeaU  in  Jet  and  Brass,  forged  177;  of  the 
Order  of  Prsmonstratenses   297;   of 
Cardinal  Ottoboni  ib. ;  of  Humphrey 
de  Bobun  298;  with  the  bead  of  Cseaar, 
found  in  the  Thames  ib.;  of  the  city 
of  Worcester  299 ;  of  the  city  of  Car- 
lisle 414 ;  of  Sir  Thomas  Bysshe  416; 
of  the  Prebend  of  Dunham   i6. ;    of 
Tiltey  Abbey,  Essex  ib, ;   of  the  Hos. 
pital  of  St.  John,  Cambridge,  420; 
Hebrew  i7'.;    Town  of  Kendal  492; 
Chinese,  found  in    Ireland  528;    of 
Simon  Basset  of  Sapcote  530;  from 
Cairo,  inscribed  with  the  name  of  Ze- 
nab  656;  of  the  Church  of  Brechin  637 
Seguin,  Mr.  Edward,  memoir  of  556 
Sennacherib,  annals  of  the  reign  of  COl 
Sepulchral  Brasses  in  Germany  529 
Sestay,  inscription  on  a  bell  at  149 
AT 


690 


Tfidex  to  E$9aysy  Sfc. 


Sevm  jiges  of  Life  494 
Shaktpere*s  House  h",,  70,  114,  226 
Plays,  examples  of  correc- 

tiuiis  in  the  Text  of  339 
Shalloon,  a  wuuUeii  cloth  originally  made 

at  ClialunAiu  France  Gib* 
Shaukilly   brass   pocket    sun. dial   found 

near  ;>.{0 
Sheriffs  for  the  year  1«.S3,  list  of  30v.' 
Sherwood  Forest  and  Robin  Hood  16'7 
Shetland,  On  the  Pictish  Towers  o/4\H 
Shoberl,  Frederick ^  Sen.  memoir  of  44(> 
Shrewsbury,  J.  7\  Earl  of  memoir  of  88 
Shttldham,  Lt.-  Gen,  Edmund  ff^,  memoir 

of  200 
Siena,  and  it.-i  neighbourhood  '2G4 

ItaliuH  oJ\  purity  of  language  458 

Silk  first  introduced  into  Europo  353 
Silver  betrothal  rinar  (ouml  near  Taunton 

C39 

—  JMiues  in  Knghmd  4t»5 
Silwell,  Sir  George,  memoir  of  542 
Skelmcn^da/e,  Lord,  memoir  of  539 
Smith,  liev.  liefijamin,  anecdote  of  16'3 
Smith  JA,-  Gen.  J.  IVebber,n\etXio\T  of  G54 
Snowdon,  lioberl,  battle  and  death  of  47  I 
Solleret  of  XP'.  Centunf  found  in  Norfolk 

299 
Somtrs,   John   EarU    nKnu)ir    i«f.    vol. 

xxxviii.  5'i3 
Somerset  House,  new  buildings  at  'Z\aA. 
Southampton,  ancient  vases  found  at  (>37 
Southern,  Henry,  Esq.  memoir  of  547 
South  Petherton,  antii|uitif'^  dis('oven.'d 

at  <;39 
Southwold,  tokens  hmiid  near  h*Hi 
Spanish  "cuchilh*  di  incritc  "  5i'9 
Spencer,  lit  v.  Thomas,  memoir  of  317 
Sphynx,  Ksnay  on  tlie  ((dcliestei  b'4l 
Spoons  \\  \\\v  tintc  ol  EliZ'iheth  73 
Sports,  ancient,  of  Kilkenny  531 
Sprinufietd   Church,    i  ctr    (  helnii<foril« 

piscina  M7 
Spirits,  memorial  by  the  merchant!!   of 

London  agniiist  persiMis  so  railed  6*3fT 
Spurs,  a  ci'lltction  of  417 
Stair,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  307,  33h 
Stanley,  *S7i'  Edward,  memoir  of  93 
Staple pyzpaine,  inscription  on  hells  at  59 
Statistical   Society,  annual    meetin:;  of 

395 
Stephen,  Sir  James,  wrote  The  Fotuidcrs 

of  Jesuitism  3l» 
Stiphens,  Jamr.s  piancis,   Esq.  memoir 

ot  ':\  I 
Stephenson,  Mr.  George,  statue  of  170* 
Stocktnn~on-Tees,  church  steeple  blown 

down  l.'H 
Stoltesdrn.  Manor  of,  dciccnt  of  510 
Stou'e,Mrs.  lieccher,  arrival  in  England. 

5 1 9 
Stratford,  Lieut.  JV.  S,  memoir  of  G56 
Strawberry   Hill  Press,   address  to   the 

Misses  Berry  9h' 
Sturbridg€  Fair,  sale  of  cloth  at  489 


Suffolk  Arehttologieal  Imiitutet  mec 

of  53 1 
Sun-dial,  pocket,  of  bratip  found 

Shan  kill  530 
Surtees  Society,  meeting  of  176 
Sussex,  Earl  of,  diary  of  hit  embi 

156G,  S9b' 
Sweden,  spear-headi  and  celts  from  i 
Swetenham,   Clement,  £sg,    inemoii 

202 
Sydney,  Dr.  Broughton^  Bp.  cf\  mei 

of  431 
Syrus,  Ephraem,  hymns  and  homili< 

400 
Table  Clock,  date  about  loSS,  72 
Tatlbois,  Ivo,  family  of  469 
Tarsus,  relics  found  on  site  of  anc 

357 
Taunton,  a  bronze  ring  and  a  silver 

f  rothal  ring  found  near  639 
Taylor,  John,  history  of  467 
Tea  Table  Miscellany  370 
Terra-cotta,  durability  of  6U7 
Tessellated  Pavement,  at  Boxmoor  2S 
Tetsworth  Church,  sculptured  lympai 

at  295 
Thames,  seal  with  bead  of  Cesar  fa 

in  'J98 
Thetjord,  sepulchral  urn  found  near  I 
— ^— ^  lii.g  dug  up  at  298 
Thirsk  and  Malton  Railway,  openinf 

G14 
Thompson,  Sir  Peter,  letter  from  Jti 

Ames,  Ecq.  to  245 
Thomson,  James  and  Allan  Ramsay  3 
Thoresby,  Ralph,  posterity  of  J72f  ^2 
Thothmes  IIL  unnaU  of  528 
Thurgaston  Priory,  tiles  from  7  3 
Tiltey  Abbey,  Essex,  seat  of  416 
Tifterstone,  iV\m\W  Chair  at  38 
Touch,  the  Royal,  memoir  on  296,  6 J 
Tonrnisle  de  Relleville,  camp  of  295 
Tower  ofljondon,  armoury  at  the  281 
Towtr  Royal,   rallnd  Jjueen'^s  Wardi 

507 
Tou-nsend,  Dr,  Bishop  ofAieatk,  men 

of,  vol.  xxxviii.  523 
Tradescants,  new  tomb  of  the  5 18 
7  /  anesmen  '*  Weights  7  3 
Tradesmen's  Tokens  of  17th  century 
Traffotd,  Sir  Tho.  Joseph  de^  roemoi 

198 
Trajan,  anecdote  of  229 
Ttappists,  traits  of  the  472 
Treasure  TVove,   inconvenience    of 

law  \}\  7« 
Treasury  Warrant,  concerning  Rjm 

('(cdera  4H0 
Troubridge,  Rear-Adm,  Sir  Tho.  inei 

<.f  197 
Tucker,    Rear-Adm.  T,  T.   memoir 

vol.  xxxviii.  .')29 
Turkey,  news  from  421 
Twerton,   Roman   villa   at,   tesaclli 

pavement  at  298 


Index  to  Eamys^  SfC. 


691 


Jynemoufhy  sepulchral  monument  from 

418 
Tyrconnelj  Earl  of,  memoir  of  308 
Tyrone,    Earl  of,   forfeited  property  of 

the  '267 
United  States,  news  from  421 
University  Honours  458 
T'^nnderlyn,  John,  memoir  of  103 
f^an  Lennep,  Dr.  David  J.  memoir  of  550 
yellam  MS.  of  6th  century  70 
f^ersaiUes,  f^ardens  and  waterworks  at  25 
factor ia,  Queen,  accouchement  of  533 
yon  Buck,  Baron  Leoj)old,  memoir  uf,  553 
f^akejield,  battle  field  187,  637 
ff^albrook,  circular  lamp  found  at  18y 
fVales,  inscribed  leaden  plate  found  416 
pyUlker,  William  Sidney,  character  of  QQ 
^f^/Ar^r,  illustration  of  the  term  61 6 
frailer.  Sir  ff^athen,  memoir  of  436 
fValtheof,  conspiracy  of  469 
fyardrohes.  Royal,  in  the  City  of  London 

617 
IFaterloo,  visit  to  3a3 
/VtUson,Sir  ChurlesWager,  memoir  of  3 1 1 
IVenver,  Rev.  Robert,  memoir  of  67 1 
JVehb,  Sir  John,  M.  D.  memoir  of,  vol. 

xxxviii.  528 
Webster,  Sir  GodJ'reu,  memoir  of  651 
Wedmore,  coins  found  at  3J>a 
TFeiir/i/,  a  Powm/,  engraved,  date  1588, 18.0 
Weights  and  Measures,  custom  of  mark- 
ing and  stamping  73 
Welby,  Sir  Wm,  Earlc,  memoir  of  J)  I 
Weilesley,  Viscount, error  concerning  b'tO 
Wellington,  Duke  of,  speeches  of  the  2  j 
autographs  of  57  }  ceremonial  of  the 
funeral  of  75;  (  ity  monument  lo  517; 
will  of  ()44 
fuelling  ton    College,    donation    of    Uni- 
versity ;>f  Oxford  to  '285 
— — —    Column,  CO.  Somerset,   re- 
storation of  I9I 
Wemyss,  Lt.-  Gen.  TVilliamf  memoir  of  93 
ff^endon,  Essex,  rxcavations  at  529 
Westmerland,  Ancient  Commerce  o/488 
Westminster  Abbey,  painting  in  530 
ff^est  Drayton  Church,  ancient    helmet 
from  297 


ff^etheringsett    churchyard,    lilver    ring 

found  532 
JVheat,  averasfe  price  of  from   ISOS  to 

1545  610 
Wheel  oj  Human  Life  494,  636 
ff^ish,  Lt.'Gen,  Sir  W,  S.  memoir  of 

436 
W7iiteLadies,Shrop8hire,^r8iye&tonen\S0A 
ffOdtehead  the  Poet,  portrait  of  338 
WhittingtotCs  Stone,  replaced  1 14,  458 
Wilbraham   Cemetery,    antiquities    dit- 

covered  178 
Widdringtonx,  family  of  I73,  280 
IViesbaden,  Roman  remains  at  416 
Wigs,  A  Word  upon  370 
ff^lloughbv  de  Broke,  Lord,  memoir  of 

197 
ff^illson,  Isaac,   Esq.   memoir  of,  vol. 

xxxviii.  539 
Wimbourne  Minster,  brass  at  73 
Winchester,  pilgrim's  token  found  at  73 
ff^indsor  Castle,  fire  at  422 
fyinie^ingham,  tumulus  at  188 
fVinter^s  Day,  a  poem  368 
fPlntoun,  George  Seton,  Earl  of,  anecdote 

of  580 
Witham  Church,  doorway  641 
Woodburn,  Samuel,  Esq.  memoir  of  670 
fForcesterfCity  o/,ancient  brass  seal  of  299 
Wordsworth  the  Poet,  sonnet  to  129 
Worlebury,    primitive    habitations    dis- 
covered 72 
fybrmeley,  Rear-Adm,  R.  R.  memoir  of, 

vol.  xxxviii.  530 
Worth,   Capt.  Henry  John,  memoir  of, 

vol.  xxxviii.  530 
Wyati,Lewis  William,  Esq,  memoir  of,  670 
Yarburgh,  Nicholas  E.  Esq.  memoir  of, 

vol.  xxxviii.  530 
Yeovil  Church,  lectern  at  298 
York,  early  Cloth  Manufactory  at  6lS 
York  Mimter,  casts  from  298 
York,  Roman  tessellated  pavement  at  398 
Yorkshire  Architectural  Society,  meeting 

of  74 
Young,  Dr.  letter  of  Mrs.  Montagu  con- 
cerning 157 
Zenobino,  gold  coin  of  Florence  417 


INDEX  TO  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 


Adamses  Parliamentary  Handbook  65 
C.  fV.  Spring  in  the  Canterbury 

Setiloment  591 
Akerman,  J.  Y.  Remains  of  Pagan  Sax- 

oiidom  G35 
Alexander,  W.L.  Ancient  British  Church 

U:i 
Alumni  fVestmonasterienses  627 
Analysis  of  Herodotus  523 
Andrews,  J.  R.  Tour  in  the  East  290 
Artevelde,  Jacques  Van  360 


Bacon,  Lord,  by  Napier  624 
Bagster's  Greek  Apocrypha  64 
Baliol,  Martha  Befhune,  Diary  of  525 
Barker,  fV.  B.  Lares  and  Penates  355 
Bell,  Cwrer,  Villette  293 
Bertha  die  Spinnerin  408 
Biblical  Atlas  and  Scripture  Gaxettter  65 
Bibliographia  Historica  Portuguexa  1 8S 
Blackader'9  English  Bible  631 
Blackwell,  Elht.  M.D.  The  Uwi  of  life 
)84 


(592 


Indcj:  to  Booka  Reviewed. 


UohtCs  Standard  Library  Go,  183 

Classical  Library  2B7,  406,  5^3 

Bowman,  TV,  Reliquite  Antique  Kbora- 

censes  S94 
Britiih  Church,  Ancient  183 
Britons,  Suggestions  on  the  Ancient  6^26 
Brockett,  W.  H,  Tradesmen's  Tokens  of 

Cumberland  and  Westmoreland  488 
Bromhy,  Rev.  C,  H.  Liturgy  and  Church 

History  635 
Bruce,  Rev.  J,  C,  Roman  Wall  123 
Bulwer,  Sir  E.  L.     My  Novel  408 
Cambridge  University  Commission  Report 

44 
Canterbury  Settlement,  A  Spring  in  the 

S91 
Charles  L  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  3 
Charles  V,  Emperor,  Cloister  Life  of  26 
Cheltenham,  History  of  (i'iVt 
Chronological  Tables  of  Creek  and  Roman 

History  63 1 
Chronology  of  Greece,  Epitome  of  631 
Clarke,  John,  Priory  of  Llanthony  629 
Clinton,  H.  Fynes,   Epitome  of   Greek 

Chronology  631 
Cloister  Life  of  Charles  V.  26 
Colchester  Castle  180 
Collectanea  Antigua  634 
Colloquies  of  Edward  Osborne  405 
Cooper,  W.  D,  Glossary,  Suss<'X  628 
Cox,  H,  Historical  Facts  and  Account  of 

Lympsham  59 
Crusius*  Homeric  Lexicon  69 
Cumlfcrland  and  JVistmoreland  Trades- 
men's Tokens  4^\i 
Cycloptedia  Riiliographica  630 
JDarton,  M.  E.  The  Earth  and  its  Inha- 
bitants 70 
Dawes,  Rev,  R,  Schools  for  the  Iiidus- 

trial  Classes  630 
Demosthenes,  Olynthiacs  of  406 
Devereux,  Earls  if  Essex,   Lives   and 

letters  of  246 
Dod's  Peerage,  &c.  182 

— Parliamentary  Companion  293 

Dowden,  R,  Walks  after  Wild  Flowers  69 
Brummond,  Rev,  D.  T.  K,  Scenes  and 
Impressions  of  Italy  and  Switzerland 
41! 
Drury,  A,  //.  Light  and  Shade  I H6 
Earth,  Plants,  and  Man  10 
Eastu'ick,E,  B,  Translation  of  Gulistan 

S34 
Edgar,  Andrew,  Tusculaiia  286 
English    Bible  divided  into  jmragraphs 

631 
Experience  of  Life  186 
Farmer's  Manual  of  Agricultural  Che- 
mistry 525 
Foster,  John,   Life  and  Correspondence 

of  65,  183 
Fountains  qf  British  History  explored  69 b 
Four  Months*  Thur  in  the  East  290 
Fra  Doleino  and  His  Times  253 
Franklin's  Footstept  632 


Garden,  Rev,  F.  Liclure«  on   the  Beati- 
tudes 41 1 
Uaussen,  Prof,  It  is  Written  &'24 
Gill,  r.The  Vale  of  York  146 
Glossary  qf  Sussex  Provincialitma  638 
Coding,  John,  History  of  Cbeltenbam  629 
Godwin,  G.  History  in  Ruins  60 
Gold  Discoveries  and  their  probable  eente* 

guenees  608 
Good  Health  68 
Gordon,  Lady  Duff",  The  Village  Doctor 

632 
Gray,  Mrs.  //.  History  of  Rome  348 
Greece,  Epitome  of  Chronology  of  631 
Greek  Apocrypha  64 
Gulistan,  or  Rose  Garden,  ofSadi  234 
Hadrian  the  Builder  of  the  Roman  Wall 

179 
Hale,  Mrs.  W^oman's  Record  406 
Hall,  Spencer  T.  The  Peak  and  the  Plain 

520 
Harry  Muir,  a  Novel  408 
Heaven  and  Earth ;  Revealed  Eetmomy  of 

184 
^•?'!/''«y»>^- TheEarih,PlanCs,  and  Man  70 
Herbert,  Miss,  Legend  uf  PembrukeCastle 

409 
Herodotus,  Analysis  of  523;  Noteion  523 
Heywood,  Tho.  Diary  of  Rev.  H.  New. 

combe  16 
Hillier,  G.  Narrative  of  Charles  I.  in  the 

Isle  of  Wight  3 
History  in  Ruins  60 
Holmboe's  Norwegian  Language  409 
Holly  Farm,  f^tsit  to  525 
Homeric  Lexicon  69 
Hughes,  T.  Vale  Royal  of  England  4U4 
Income  Tax  Reports  377 
India,  Observations  on  632 
Ireland,  Letters  from  289 
Jsis,  an  Egyptian  Pilgrimage  IB 
It  is  IVritten  524 

Italy  and  Switzerland^  Scenei  and  Im- 
pressions of  411 
Jameson,  Mrs.  Legends  of  the  Madonna 

400 
Jenkins,  Rev.  H.  Colchester  Castle  180 
Jesuit  Executorship  186 
Johnson,  E.  C.  Tangible  Typography  891 
Kennedy,   C.  R.  Olynthiacs  of  Deiuot- 

thenes  406 
Lady  of  the  Lake,  illustrated  58 
Land  Valuation,  Elements  e/525 
Langjord,  A.  Religion  and  EUiucalion  of 

the  People  183 
iMngtree,  John,  Land  Valuation  5S5 
Jjares  and  Penates  355 
LausofUfe  184 
lAtyard,  A,  H.  Discoveries  in  Nineveb 

and  Babylon  600 
Lectures  on  the  Beatitudes  411 
Legend  of  Pembroke  CaHle  409 
Legends  of  the  Madonna  400 
Leo's  Treatise  on  the  Local  Nemenciaimre 

of  the  Anglo-Saxons  591 


•^ 


Index  to  Books  Reviewed, 


Life  i-y  tlie  Fireside  411 

Light  and  Shade  1 86 

List  of  the  Queen's  Scholars  ai  St.  Peter's 

College,  Westminster  627 
Liturgy  and  Church  History  635 
LlanthonyPr  iory^  co.  Glouc.  accou  nt  of  639 
Lucan*s  Pharsalia  523 
Lympsham,  Account  of  59 
MadderSyS.  S.  Rambles  in  an  Old  City  411 
Magic  and  Witchcrqft  632 
Mariotti,  L.  FraDolcino  and  his  times  253 
AJarkham,  C.Ji.  Franklin's  Footsteps  632 
MartineaUf  Harriett f  Letters  from  Ire- 
land 289 
MaureVs  Essay  on  the  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton 625 
Medieval  Alphabets,  Shaw's  band-book 

of  634 
MillSf  Johnf  Sacred  Symbology  629 
Melvill,  Rev.  //.  Selection  from  Lectures 

of  635 
Monthly  Volume  68,  183 
Moore,  Life  of  Thomas  152 
Moultrie  J  Rev.  C,  poetical  remains  of  W. 

S.  Walker  66 
Mountford,  fV.  Thorpe  69 
Muffling,  Baron,  Memoirs  q/'382 
Murray^  Rev.  T.  B.  Pitcairn  526 
My  Novel  408 
Napier,  Macvey,  Lord  Bacon   and    Sir 

Waller  Raleigh  624 
Neville,  Hen.  R.  C.  Saxon  Obsequies  177 
Newcome,  Henry,  Autobiography  of  16 
Newman,  F.  W.  Regal  Rome  286 
Niehuhr,  G.  B.  Life  and  Letters  of  185 
Nineveh  and  Babylon,  Discoveries  in  600 
Norwegian  Language,  Word-mass  of  AQ9 
Norwich  (^see  Rambles  in  an  Old  City) 
Oberlin,  John  Fred,  memoir  of  60 
Observations  on  India  632 
Olynthiacs  of  Demosthenes  406 
Osborne^  Colloquies  of  Edward  40h 
Papers  for  the  Schoolmaster  63 
Paris  after  Waterloo  382 
Parkes,  B.  R.  Poems  by  65 
Parkinson,  R.  Autobiography  of  H.  New- 
come  16 
Parliamentary  Handbook  65 

—   Companion  ^9Z 

Pashley,   R.   Pauperism   and  the   Poor 

L.-iws  61 
Peak  and  the  Plain  520 
Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage  183 
Pembroke  Castle,  legend  of  409 
Pharsalia  of  Lucan,  translation  of  533 
Philosophy  of  the  Senses  526 
Pilgrims  of  New  England  70 
Pitcairn  Island  and  People  526 
Poems,  by  B.  R.  Parkes  65 
Preciosa,  a  Tale  186 
Pretty  Ullage,  Vmi  to  525 
Property  and  Income  Tax  Riportt  377 
Raleigh,  Sir  fFaiter,  by  Napier  624 
Rambles  in  an  Old  City  411 
Reyal  Rome  286 


Religion  and  Education  in  relation  to  the 

People  183 
ReliquuB  AntiqiUB  Eboracensee  294 
Remains  rf  Pagan  Saxondom  635 
Riley,  H.  T.  Pharsalia  of  Lucan  523 
Roads,  Old  and  New  632 
Roman  Wall  123 
Rome,  History  of  348 
Rosalie  631 

Rote-bud:  a  Christian^Gift  635 
Russell,  Lord  John,  Life  of  Moore  152 
Ruth,  a  Novel  184 

Ryland,  J,  E.  Life  of  John  Foster  65 
Sacred  Symbology  629 
St.  John,  J.  A.  Isis,  an  Egyptian  Pil- 
grimage 180 
Saxon  Obsequies  177 
•~—  Remains  6Zh 
Schoolmaster,  Papers  for  the  63 
Schools,  Sfc.for  the  Industrial  Classes  630 
ScotVs  Lady  of  the  Lake,  illustrated  58 
Sea  Side,  A  Book  for  the  41 J 
Sewell,  Miss,  Experience  of  Life  186 
Shaw,  H.  Medieval  Alphabets  634 
Sickness,  its  Trials  and  Blessings  69 
Simpson,  J.  Paris  after  Waterloo  382 
Simrock,  Karl,  Bertha  die  Spinnerin  408 
Smith,  W.  Chronological  Tables  of  Greek 
and  Roman  History  63! 

C,  Roach,  Cullectanea  Antiqua  634 

Somersetshire  Archaeological  Society y  Pro- 
ceedings 58 
Stirling,  P.  J.  Gold  Discoveries  608 

W.  Cloister  Life  of  Charles  V.  26 

Suggestions  on,  the  Ancient  Britons  626 

Talpa,  or  Chronicles  qfa  Clay  Farm  524 

Tangible  Typography  291 

Taylor,  J.  B.  Life  of  James  Watt  635 

Temple  Bar,  the  City  Golgotha  633 

Thorpe,  a  quiet  English  town  69 

Three  Months  under  the  Snow  525 

Turner,  Dawson,  Notes  on  Herodotus  523 

Tusculana,  286 

Ulster  Journal  of  Archeeology,  parts  I.  II. 

627 
Vale  Royal  qf  England  404 
Village  Doctor,  a  tale  632 
Villette,  a  novel  293 
Walker,  W.  S.  Poetical  Remains  of  66 
Walks  qfler  Wild  Flowers  69 
Watt,  James,  and  the  Steam  Engine  183 

Life  of  636 

Webb,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Pilgrims  of  New  Eng- 
land 70 
Wellington,  Essay  on  t  he  Character  of  625 
Westminster  School  Lists  627 
Wheeler,  J,  T.  Analysis  of  Herodotus  523 
fn//jam«, 3. Translation  of  Leo's  Nomen- 
clature of  the  Anglo-Saxons  521 
Willich,  C.  M.  Tables  of  the  Values  of 

Lifeholds  630 
Wmkworth,  S.  Letters  of  Niebuhr  185 
Woman's  Record  406 
Wycliffe,  John  de,  Life  and  Timis  tf  183 
Wyld,R.  S.  Philosophy  of  the  SeDMl536 
Fork,  The  Vale  tf  146 


INDEX  TO  NAMES. 


Including  I'roin 01  ions, Preferments,  Dirths,  Marriages, aud  Dealht.^The  lonser  Ailic(r% 
of  Dcathii  are  entered  in  the  prereding  Index  to  Esvays. 


Abbott,    A.  A.   ^.'17. 

M.  331.  T.  45 
Abbs,  Major,  417 
Abdoullah,  S.  o04 
A' Beckett,  \V.  H3 
Abercrombv,  C.  H. 

0'4<> 
Ahertleen,  Karl   of, 

lai 

Aberdein,    Mrs.    J. 

lOf) 
AbernetbyjF.J.otJo 
Aboyne,    C'tess    of 

4i'5 
Abraham,  C. J.  ^.J  5. 

M.A.T.(J49.  Mrs. 

5G2.    S.  :J3;J.    S. 

S.  105 
Acklom,  M.  3^<J 
Acland,  P.  L.  D.b'4(i 
Acranian,  K.  5G3 
Ac  worth,  W.  535 
Adsir,  K.  A.  S.  Gro 
Adam,  Ludv,  «."> 
Adams  E.C.   1.93. 

Ct.  J).    1J)3,   :.G1. 

u.  333.   M.  no. 

M.    A.    G.    331. 

Mrs.  334.     Pru- 

t'essor  C.  U.  448 
Adamson,  J.  424 
Addam«<,  A.  448.   E. 

C.  331 
Adderley,  M.  K.t>4.9 
Adeams  F.  C.  105 
Adiipv,  R.  07-J 
Adv.',  A.  L.  X^j 
Afrierk,  J.  I>.  G4;) 
AifHr,  W.  T.  1.04 

AgRsL.til 
Apncw,   J.  v.   4J5. 

Lady  li.  G4G 
Ainsiij',   M.  S.   61. 

Mr«.  5G0 
Airev,  Col.  K.  302 
Alboiiv,   A.  S.   aG. 

J.  H.  87 
Aldermin,  IC.  J.  HG 
AUlersuii,  K.  H.  30G 
Aldrith.  F.  J.  424 
Aldridgr,M.A.  G7H. 

K.  535 
\hxaud»r,A.M.'».3. 

D.L  Wi.   K.193. 

G.ti.538.  J. 423. 

M.5<;i.  W.M.453 
Alford,  K.  \9H.     R. 

333 


Alkiii,  T.  T.  221 
Allan,  Capt.W.  105. 

U.  303 
AlUrdice,  J.  3oG 
Allen,   C.  220,  5ti3. 

Capt.  C.222.   E. 

84,   5Gr>.      Ci.   L. 

HA,     H.  563.     J. 

G74.     J.  V.  448. 

L.  108.     M.  2lH. 

Miss,  332 
Allevne,  A.  G74 
Allford,  F.  105 
Allfriy,  J.  S.  33;i 
AllinsniK  J.  H.  5G0 
Allison,  F.  G77 
Alston,  i:.  107.     J. 

5GI.     Lady,  333 
Ameiii,  Princeii<» M. 

448 
AmiTv,  J.  A.  5G0 
Ame8',A.222.  11.87 
Amis,  E.  2lG 
Amvs.  A.  109.     K. 

M.  G4H 
AinlfTs,  J.  451 
Amlei'i^oii,   A.   2«'l. 

(;api.(f.87.    l>r. 

J.5o7.     K.M.L. 

304.     J.  A.    lOG. 

M.     194.       MisK. 

109.  VV.  I(.7.  \V. 

I).  303 
Andrew,  S.  193.  W. 

G75 
Andrtt«%«,    K.    331. 

(i.IL32i).  .I.JJI. 

T.332.  W. 1 1.303 
An^us  J.  450 
Anscll,  A.  lOri 
Aiisley,  F.  E.  G48 
Anson,  Major-CJen. 

Uon.(i.K4.  Mrs. 

A.  H.  G47 
Aiistey,  T.  C".  G45 
Aiistrnthcr,      Hon. 

Mrs.  L.  H5 
Antrobns,  W.  3J7 
Anxolato,  S.  K.  O. 

452 
Aplin,  C  "^Jl 
Appleton,  Mrs.  333 
Arabin,(  apt.S.  I9-' 
Arhuthiiott,  A.  334. 

D'M.  427 
Arcber,Capt.T.563. 

C.  H.  84.     Mrs. 

E.  536* 


Arden,  C.  85 
Ardesuif,  E.  5(J2 
Armies  C.  564 
Argfuimbau,  Ma^or- 

Gen.  L.  645 
Argyle,  J.  332 
Argyll,  Duchess  of, 

425.  DiikeofJ92 
Armstrong, H.  327. 

J.  5G6.  672.     R. 

O.    86.     Veil.    J. 

303.  W.  564.  W. 

C.  650 
Ariiohl,  C.  M.  303. 

M.A.223.S.A.566 
Arscott,  L.  B.  426 
Arthur,   F.  A.  650. 

Rt.Hon.SirG.423 
Ash,   A.   334.      G. 

H.  214 
Ashe,  K.  M.  87 
Ashworth,  K.  454 
Askew,  H.  3:7 
Asperne,  T.  P.  675 
A4lell,M.  A.  454 
Astiey,  W.  D.  84 
Aston,  J.  A.  193 
Atherton,  R.  H.427 
Athorpe,M.A.E.64B 
Atkiiisoii,    E.   563. 

F.li.3n2.     J. 334. 

L.  E.673.    T.87 
AUy,  M.  H.  304 
Auber,  C.  B.  535 
Aubusson,  B.  A.  :>62 
Auchmuty,M.C.I05 
Aufr^re,  G.  J.  328 
Austin,   A.  HG.     J. 

G.  645 
Austwick,  E.  217 
Avent,  Mrs.  J.iji; 
Axford,  Mra.  675 
Ayerst,  W.  193 
Baber,  J.  195,  503 
Backhouse,  (t.  C.  83 
Bacon,  H.  H.  538. 

M.452.     K.  218. 

T.  84 
Baddelev,  C.  ('.  650 
Bagse,  P.  S.  liW 
Baf^iit,  Col.  C.  535. 

Lt.CoI.E.R.G45. 

Major.  192.  Major 

G. 'l9'-'.     Mrs.'c. 

425 
BafTfihaw,   H.   22U. 

J.  C.  424 
Baxter,  J.  673 


BaKula>,  E.  2S1 
Bailey,  Com  id.  J.  C. 

84.      H.  107,302. 

M.H.64d.    R.$73 
Bailiff,  C.  228 
Baitlie,  C.  423.    G. 

lOA.     J.  b4 
Bain,  J.  W.  647 
Bainbridge,  J.  567 
Bainea,    Rt.     Hon. 

M.  T.  191 
Baker,  A.  9IG,    J. 

83,334,453,536. 

M.   M.  426.     R. 

B.   193.    S.  334. 

S.  A.  885 
Balchin,     G,    449. 

W.  L.  R  431 
Buldwiii,G.814.  M. 

537.     Miss.  449. 

T.  R.  193 
Bairour,E.C.L.537. 

J.  L.  84, 424.     J. 

W.  305.     L.  193. 

LAdyB.536.  Lady 

G.85.   M.6.464. 

Mr.  L.4-i3.  Mn. 

106 
Ball,  Cumni.T.  I09. 

F.A.649.  M.283. 

MUiL.565.  S.108 
Balliiif^er,  W.  \08 
Bills  Mi«s,  <2I9 
Baliton,  C.  563 
BaiDprylde,C.H.330 
Baiicks,  A.  196 
Baiik«,  J.  107 
Baniiatyne,H.F.427 
Banner,  M.  A.  677 
Banninic,  R.  319 
Baratty,  L.  333 
Barber,  C.  S.    105. 

E.452.     P.H.I93 
Barchard,    F.    308. 

J.  H.  219 
Barclay,     J.      563. 

Mri.  H.  F.  485 
Rardswell,  J.  458 
Bariu(;,LadyA.28*?. 

r.  G.  192 
Barker,F.H.84.    J. 

R.  302.     M.  673 
Barlow,  A.  106.    E. 

22U.  G.674.  Hon. 

M.  C.  881 
Barnard,  Cumir.  E. 

K.  535.     J.  819. 

Mn.88L  W.650 


■^ 


Index  to  Names, 


695 


Barneby,  E.  454 
Barnes,    I.    D.   85. 

J.  214,  673.     M. 

A.  194 
Barnett,  Capt.  VV. 

T.  538 
Barratt,  P.  E.  330 
Barrett,  J.  C.  335. 

J.  G.  537.     Len- 

iiard  T.  426 
Barron, Lady  W.  108. 

Miss  E.  563 
Barrow,  T.  537.    J. 

332 
Barsancele,    F.  M. 

648 
Barstow,M.W.  196 
Barter,  W.  B.  195 
Barilett,    Mrs.    M. 

329.     S.  T.  84 
Bartun,A.452,648. 

A.  J.  451.     Mrs. 

R.  L.  677 
Barttelot.D.  B.  104 
Barwell,  E.  C.  219 
Basden,  R.  H.  216 
Basnet,  W.  222 
Bass,  M.  T.  423 
Bassatt,  S.  S.  565 
Bassett,  F.  T.  305 
Bastable,  R.  648 
Bate,  A.  647 
Bateman,  Mrs.  B.  J. 

647 
Bates,    C.   C.    327. 

S.M.  565.  T.IT. 

306 
Batesun,  W.  84 
Batho,  C.  B.  453 
Balhurst,  Lady  H. 

425.  Lt.J.O.645 
Batt.E.  D.  192 
Batten,  C.  H.  215 
Batty,  r.  538 
Baugh,  J.  677 
Baumgarten,  \}.\\, 

Count,  563 
Ba> field,  C.  564 
Bayley,  F.  448.    M. 

333.     T.  564 
BayliR,J.329.  Miss 

M.  F.  673 
Bayly,Capi.N.S.K. 

537.  M.  P.  453 
Baynes,  A.  F.  335 
Baynham,  A.  84, 

424 
Beadel,  VV.  J.  426 
Beadun,  A.  O.  305. 

M.  448. 
Beagin,M.A.B.305 
Beal,  S.  84 
Bean,  F.  L.  86 
Bearblock,  M.  H. 

290 


Beauchamp,A.  196. 

E.  J.  647.     Hon. 

Mrs.  P.  646.    W. 

333.     W.  H.  558 
Beauclerk,  A.  F.  J. 

321 
Beaumont,      Lord, 

535 
Beaven,  M.  A.  220 
Beaver,  H.  N.  327 
Beazley,    Capt.   G. 

106 
Becher,  F.  W.  335 
Beckett,  E.  538 
Beckingsale,  \V.  J. 

196 
Beckwith.    M.    A. 

537.     T.  F.  558 
Bedford,  D.  C.  565. 

M.  A.217.   Most 

Noble  G.  Duchess 

of,  452.     W.  557 
Bedingfeld,      Hon. 

Mrs. J.  193.  J.J. 

220 
Bedwell,Mri;.E.333 
Beeby,  J.  217,  221 
Beer,  E.  219 
Beete,  R.  C.  534 
Beet  ham,  A.  426 
Beevor,  E.  106 
Begbie,  J.  W.  196 
Beioley,  E.  105 
Belcher,  B.  193 
Belhiven,  Lord,  645 
Bell,  E.  218.    F.  G. 

426.W.218.W.H. 

645 
Bellamy,    C.     218. 

E.  C.  195 
Belle-lhle,     M.    A. 

Visc'tess  de,  104 
Bellingham,  W.  T. 

538 
Bellman,  A.  F.  303 
Bel8on,G.  672,674. 

Mrs.  T.  331 
Bending,  J.  678 
Benn, VV.  H.  193 
Ben  net,  P.  677 
Bennett,  C.  £.  B. 

217.  Coram.  J.  C. 

104.   G.  557.   H. 

196.     11.  F.  105. 

M.  A.564.    M.  E. 

196.     T.  W.  84. 

VV.  H.  87 
Benning,  E.  195 
l^nni8on,W.B.646 
Bentinck,  H.   562. 

Mrs.  C.  304 
Bentley,  E.  648.  T. 

F.  566 
Benton,    Mn.    M. 


Benyon,  A.  VV.  218 

Bere,  C.  W.  305 

Berens,  J.  222 

Beresford,D.P.537. 
Veu.  M.  G.  303 

Berger,  Adj.  A.  H. 
196 

Berkeley,  Hon.  G. 
192.  Mrs.  R.  646. 
Rear- Ad m.  Mau- 
rice F.  F.  191 

Bernard,  J.  F.  674. 
S.  E.  424 

Berners,  R.  677 

Berry,  C.  L.  110. 
W.  W.  646 

Bertie,  Hon.  B.  C. 

Besly,  S.  565 

Bessborough,  Earl 
of,  191 

Best,  G.  560.    G.B. 

195.  H.  P.  302 
Betham,  J.  E.  425 
Bethel),  R.  83 
Bethune,  C.  R.  D. 

423 
Betts,  H.  111.     M. 

R.  648 
Betty,  S.  108 
Bevan,  M.  P.  675 
BeTeroudt,H.A.86 
rSew6her,A.648.  H. 

424.     Mrs.  T.  J. 

449.     T.  558 
Bexfield,  M.  216 
Bibby,  T.  193 
Bicker8teth,E.535, 

645.     J.  P.  306 
Bickerton,H.T.335 
Rickfurd,  Capt.  306 
Bickley,  M.  334 
Biedermann,  W.  H. 

535 
Biggs,  J.  676.   S.J. 

561 
Bignold,  T.  306 
Bill,  J.  450 
Billings,  VV.  lo6 
Bingham,   A.   304. 

Hon.  R.  83.     J. 

J.  674.     Mrs.  G. 

W.  P.  425 
Bingley,  P.  T.  m 
Binsted,  C.  424 
Birch,  C.  214.     C. 

304.    G.  109.    J. 

196.  Mrs.  J.  A. 
21T.  W.  190.  W. 
R.  678 

Bircham,  W.  450 
Bird,  E.  J.  194.    J. 

195,558.   R.303 
Birkeit,  J.  P.  303. 

M.  108 
Birt^  G.  646 


Bishop,  Mrs.  E.  677 

R.  E.  305 
Bishopp,C.536.  M. 

453 
Black,      C.      563. 

Comiii.   A.    104. 

E.563.  E.A.561. 

G.  303 
Blackburn,  A.  567. 

C.  423 
Blackburne,   J.   J. 

jun.  423 
Blacke,  A.  448 
Blacker,  S.  B.  677. 

T.  S.  196 
Blackett,  J.  A.  W. 

306 
Blackmore,  E.  453 
Blackwell,  Dr.  566 
Blagg,  F.56I 
Blair,  G.  454.    T. 

673 
Blake,  E.  192,  537. 

M.  537.     VV.  107 
Blakely,Mrs.T.454 
Blakieney,  J.  560 
Blakesly,  M.  L.  306 
Blandford,       Mar- 

cbioness  of,  304 
Blanchy,  A.  de,  674 
Blane,  A.  VV.  559 
Blaquidre,  Rt.  Hon. 

Lord  de,  195 
Bliss,  E.  450 
Blomfield,F.G.303. 

G.  J.  303 
Bloomfield,  Mr.  C. 

675 
Blood, F.  H.M.I  10 
Blount,  F.  306 
Bloxsome,  E.  219 
Blumberg,G.F.l95. 

R.  S.  J.  195 
Blundell,  Major  G. 

S.  564.    R.  B.  B. 

H.  562 
Blunt,  C.  A.  306 
Blytb,T.  560 
Buden,  E.538 
Body,  J.  449 
Bopgis,  Capt.  J.  E. 

648 
Boilean,  J.  G.  650. 

T.  E.  J.  334,  448 
Bold,  T.  105 
Bolding,  A.  M.  649 
Bolitho,  M.  D.  676 
Bolland,  F.  108 
Bolton,  R.  426.    T. 

330 
Bompai,F.2l6.  H. 

816 
Bond,  S.  649 
Bonham,SirS.G.8S 
Bunbotei  J,  107 


) 


696 

Bonner,  C.  109 
Boodle,  R.  558 
Booker,  C.  F.  424 
Boor,  L.  107 
Booih,  J.  107.    P. 

537.  S.  M.  0'47 
Buothby,  B.  42;) 
Borlase,  E.  333 
Borough,  J.  222 
Borrer,  H.  G48 
Borrodaile,  J.  330 
Borton,  E.  452 
Bostock,  C.  330 
Bosweli,LadyH.  85 
Boucher,  Mrs.  A.  F. 

536 
Boughton,C.M.G72. 

T.  220 
Boughton-Leigh  ,T. 

E.  B.  W.  193 
Bourdillon,  B.  330 
Bourke,  Capt.  O.  P. 

83.  Hon. J.J.  192 
Bourne,Capt.J.G45 
Bousfield,  E.  537 
Boustead,  J.  214 
Bouverie,Col.E.VV. 

83 
Bow  colt,  R.  G4(i 
Bowdler,  H.  221 
Bowen,  E.  1(9.    J, 

535.     L.  S.  eC 
Bower,  A.  85.  U.F. 

537 
Bowes,  M.  217 
Bowles,  J.  T.  334 
Bowman,  A. P.  109. 

£.  108 
Bownas,   S.  E.  A. 

107 
Bowring,  E.  192 
Bowsden,  C.  J.  194 
Boxer,Capt.E.424. 

F.  87.    II.B.0'75 
Boyce,  W.  N.  424 
Boyd,  A.  426.     C. 

561.     Comm.   J. 

M*N.645.  E.331. 

M.  108 
Boydell,  M.  331 
Boyle,  Hon.  H.  E. 

423.     H.  ]).  674. 

Lady  L.  G.  104 
Boynton,     A.     M. 

Lady,  562 
Boys,  S.  C.  86 
Braasch,  II.  S.  677 
Brace,  C.  A.  537 
Bradby,  E.  538 
Braddell,  A.  196 
Braden,  H.  107 
Bradfield,G.D.330 
Bradford,  C.  A.  D. 

538.  E.      196. 
W.  M.  193 


Indes^  to  Names. 


Bradley, E. 426.    J. 

330.     Mrs.  450 
Bradihaw,H.H.564 
Brady,  C.  192.  M.J. 

192.  Rt.  Hon.M. 

192.  W.  M.  303 
Bragg,  J.  558 
Bragge,  VV.  302 
Brameld,  G.  W.  85 
Bramhall,  C.  305 
Bramley,  J.  562 
Brancker,  E.  331 
Brand,   Hon.   Mrs. 

H.646.    Mrs. 2 17 
Brander,  A.  C.  220 
Brandreth,  F.  535 
Braybrooke,  P.  W. 

302 
Breadalbane,Marc|. 

of,  192 
Bredin,  A.  N.  85 
Bredon,  C.  331 
Brenton,  Capt.   J. 

192 
Breton,  H.  F.  536 
Brett,  \V.  B.  645 
Rrewater,  A.  192 
Brewer,  D.  565.    J. 

677 
Brewster,  M.  567 
Brice,  C.  306 
Brideoake,  E.  678 
Bridge,  J.  535 
Bridgeman,     Lady 

M.  86 
Bridger,  A.  G.  218 
Bridges,  J.  T.  678 
Bridgwater,  E.  561. 

H.  H.  649 
Briggs,J.S.87, 196 
Bright,  E.  217.    E. 

G.  104 
Brigstocke,  W.  O. 

195 
Briscoe,  H.  427 
Brise,  Mrs.  R.  536. 

S.  B.  R.  423 
Broad,  S.  105 
Broadhurst,   11.  T. 

.538 
Broadley,  A.E.  538 
Broadwood,  B.  195. 

M.  J.  676 
Brock,  S.  329 
Brodie,  C.  G.  333. 

E.  B.  87.    F.650. 

P.  H.  110 
Brodhurst,    W.  H. 

195 
Bromley,  C.   F.  A. 

448.     E.677.    J. 

562 
Brook,   C.   S.    647. 
J.C.427.  M.306, 

MiisM.  562 


Brooke,  B.  646.   E. 

85,  86.     F.  567. 

Lady,   304.     M. 

451.     R.  £.  84. 

W.  538 
Broo'ker,  S.  M.  536 
Brookes,  M.M.  538 
Brooks,  J.  193 
Brooksbank,  A.330. 

Major,  566 
Broster,  Ald.J.  218 
Brown,  A.  218.    A. 

E.  1 10.     C.  107, 

217.    Capt.R.  B. 

221.   J. 221, 304, 

327,  33L     J.  T. 

648.      L.  F.  673. 

M.  1 11,306.  Ma- 
jor-Gen. P.  221. 

Major  J.  T.  83. 

M.J. 449.  M.M. 

561.     M.  P.  220. 

T.  562.    T.  676. 

W.195.  W.R.H. 

450 
Browne,  A.M. 221. 

Capt.  194.    C.  H. 

449.     E.  D.  306. 

E.  S.  J.  M.  108. 

G.  E.  674.    Flon. 

II.   M.  303.     J. 

221.      L.A.221. 

R.332.  T.W.453 
BrowninfT,  Mrs.  J. 

676.   W.  H.  109. 

W.  S.  564 
Brownley,J.  563 
Bruce,    H.  A.    84, 

303.  Lord  E.  191. 

Lt.    R.   R.  448. 

Mrs.  647 
Bruges,  H.  106. 
Bryer,  Miss,  560 
Buchanan,  A.  302. 

G.  448.    J.  196. 

M.  538.    Mrs.  A. 

193.    W.O'B.H. 

648 
Buck,  S.  220 
Buckingham,  F.677 
Buckland,M.H.306 
Buckner,M.M.2l9 
Budd,    F.   E.   649. 

Miss,  565 
Budge,  E.  300 
Budgett,    A.    218. 

G.  561 
Bulkeley,  F.  E.  R. 

561 
Bull,  C.  648.   Capt. 

F.G.534.    H.E. 

537.    J.  V.  84 
Buller,E.302.    W. 

£.83 
Bullin,  F.  564 


BuUeel.Hon.M.432 
Bunbnry,    Lt.-Col 

649.      Major  H 

W.    195-     W.  B 

M'C.  535 
Bunce,  J.  B.  434 
Bunch, R.  423 
Bunny 9  E.  562 
Burcham,  T.  B.  SAs 
Burckhardc,  E.  C 

649 
Burdekin,  537.  M. 

E.  676 
Burdon,  Lt.  W.  84 
Burges,  J.  A.  650 
Burgess,  R.  E.674. 

W.  R.  678 
Burgberth,  Major  F. 

W.  H.  Lord  534 
Burke,  M.  J.  49S. 

W.  M.  329 
Burkit,  A.  L.  306 
Burlinson,  N.  647 
Burmeiter,     Ma)or 

A.  £.  645 
Burnaby,    M.  640. 

Mrs.  R.  536 
Burnaoi,  M.  329 
Bumaiid,  A.  538 
Burnard,  C.  673 
Burnett,  A.  S.  306. 

C.  F.  108.  J.  566 
Burney,  H.  B.  84 
Burnside,  Rev.  424 
Burridf  e,  M.  334 
Burrill,  J.  558 
Burrougbes,  R.  86 
Burrows,  E.  453.  J. 

221.    R.T.  648 
Burton,  £.  F.  305. 

P.  M.   650.      J. 

917.    J.  G.335. 

M.  A.  677.  Mrs. 

B.  A.    647.     R. 
&t3.     W.  330 

Bury,  E.    195.     H. 

C.423.     M.  562. 

R.  558 
Buiby,  M.  C.  678 
Busfield,  H.  N.  T. 

84 
Bufchby,  J.  $.314 
Buihe,  F.  104 
Buisell,  A.  SI6 
Busson,  H.  S.  538 
Butcher,   A.   L.  T. 

565.     J.  194.    S. 

424 
Butler, F.  674.  Hon. 

R.  E.  M.  453.  L. 

648.    Major  T.J. 

P.  SI8.     R.  678. 

W.  W.  «I8 
Butt,  Mrs.  B.  561 
Buttar,  C.  44 


Index  to  Names. 


697 


BuUerwortb,  E.  H. 

334.  Mrs.  G.  647 
Byam,  G.  331 
Byass,  M.  220 
Bygrave,  J.  A.  567 
Bylandt,  L.  C.   A. 

de,  537 
Byles,  Capt.  A.  W. 

645 
Byng,  M.  A.    107. 

Rt.  Hon.G.S.534 
Byrne,  C.  677 
Byron,   Hon.    Mrs. 

A.  536 
Cadell,  F.  426.    H. 

426.  W.  449 
Cadman,  C.  216 
Cadogan,  E.  87.  S. 

219 
Cahusac,  A.  A.  674 
Cain,  S.  427 
Caithness,  J.C'tess. 

565 
Caicutt,  M.  W.  194 
CaldecoJt,    E.    566. 

Mrs.  A.  536 
Calder,  \V.  193 
Caldwell,  C.H.  216 
Callendar,  H.  646 
Calmever,  A.  C.  P. 

425* 
Calthrop,  G.  535 
Calvert,  T.  450.  W. 

329 
Canaoys,  Lord,   192 
Campbell,   B.   423. 

Capt.  C.  195.    E. 

S.  109.    H.  426. 

H.  J.  679.    Hon. 

A.  G.  193.    J.  F. 

192.     Lt.-Col.F. 

535.    M.  L.  196. 

R.  83.     T.T.  110 
Campion,  E.E.  649. 

R.  565.     S.  334. 

T.  S.  214 
Cane,  R.  448 
Canham,  A.  J.  330 
Cankrien,  J.  C.  332 
Canning,    A.    330. 

Vise.  19'2 
Cannon,  Capt.  R.J. 

647 
Cant  well,  M.F.  426 
Capel,  S.  454 
Caratti,  C.  A.  673 
Cardew,  G.  S.  87 
Cardoso,  M.  425 
Cardwell,    C.     19^, 

449.  E.  191.  Rt. 

Hon.  E.  193 
Carew,  M.  J.  196 
Carey,  Capt.  G.  J. 

302.  M.  221,  679. 

W.  H. 327 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol, 


Carlile,  J.  108 
Carmichael,   A.  G. 

105.  Capt.  C.J. 
G.  108.  C.  C.  F. 
674 

Carnegie,   Lady  C. 

193 
Carpenter,  A.S.  108. 

R.  L.  306 
Carr,H.452.R.450 
Carrol],  M.  108 
Carruther8,M.J.l96 
Carter,  E.  J.  305. 

M.449.  Mrs.452. 

R.  561.     W.  H. 

536.  W.V.  106 
Carteret,  J.  de  327 
Cartwrighty  Lieut. - 

Gen.  565.  Lt.  J.  85 
Gary,  A.   332.     C. 

107.     M.  E.331. 

W.  676 
Cass,  J.  106,677 
Caslerton,  E.   106, 

675 
Castle,    Lt.    W.  B. 

216.     M.  H.  333 
Castro,  J.  de,  333 
Cater,  R.  561 
Cathcart,  E.  W.  H. 

106.  Lt. -Gen. 
Hon.G.534.  Mrs. 
J.  425 

Caton,  T.  M.  564 
Cator,  Major  J.  F. 

645 
Caught,  W.  H.  647 
Caulfield,  W.  303 
Gaunt,  J.  674 
Cautherley,  W.  678 
Cautley,  J.  535 
Cavenagh,  Capt.O. 

83 
Cavendish,  Capt.  G. 

W.   534.     F.  W. 

H.  192.    Mrs.W. 

425 
Cawood,  J.  215 
Cawston,J.303.Mr9. 

G.  333 
Cay,  C.  P.  106 
Chafey,  S.  673 
Chaffers,  A.  563 
Chaldecott,  M.   K. 

426 
Challoner,  T.  C.  B. 

535 
Chalmers,  C.E.426. 

Major -Gen.    Sir 

W.  423.  M.  P.  87 
Chamberlain,       G. 

567.     R.  H.  647. 

T.  H.  3«7 
Chambers,  Capt.W. 

W.  84.  Dr.  W. 
XXXIX. 


F.  83.  J.  A.  538. 
O.  W.  560.  R. 
566 

Champion,  J.  674 
Chance,  G.  649 
Chandler,   B.    334. 

M.  674.     S.  196 
Channell,  E.  329 
Chaplin,  E.  J.  328 
Chapman,  A.  D.  87. 

E.  87.    L.  M.  85. 

M.  A.  449.  S. 564 
Charlesworth,  E.  P. 

451.    J.  W.  424 
Charleton,Capt.2l9 
Charlewood,  B.  llO 
Charlton,  T.  218 
Charrington,  S.  425 
Charteris,  Hon.  F. 

W.  191 
Charters,  R.  H.  303 
Chasemore,  G.  452 
Chawner,  K.  650 
Cheese,  A.  C.  306. 

C.  A.  329 
Cheeswright,  S.  B. 

334 
Cheetbam,C.A.330 
Chermside,  J.  B.649 
Cherry,  E.  649 
Cheshire,  J.  650 
Cheslyn,  Mrs.  85 
Chessbyre,  C.  J.  85 
Chester,  Migor  H. 

G.  423 
Chevallier,R.£.452. 

T.  84 
Chichester,  F.  106. 

Hon.  F.  A.  192. 

Hon.   Very   Rev. 

LordE.303.Lady 

85 
Child,  A.  S.  448.  S. 

222 
Childers,  H.  C.  £. 

423 
Chiles,  C.  331 
Chilton,  E.  221 
Cbinnery,  R.  St.  L. 

214 
Chipchase,  H.  333 
Chisholm,  T.  105 
Cholmeley,  J.  303 
Cholmonde]ey,Hon. 

Mr.  85 
Chuppin,  J.  C.  534 
Christian,  M.T.221 
Christie,  Capt.  S.T. 

645.   W.  H.  302 
Chubb,  T.  107 
Church,  R.  W.  424 
Churton,T.T.  538 
Clack,  F.  E.  304 
Clirendon,  Earl  of, 

423 


Clark,  6.   H.  305. 

J.  424,  561.  Mrs. 

T.108.  R.  P.449. 

T.  303.  T.J.  672 
Clarke, A.  451.   A. 

A.  449,  450.    C. 

109.     C.E.  331. 

C.  H.  86.    Dame 

E.B.645.  E.218. 

427,  450.    £.  E. 

538.     F.  £.  190. 

G.  84,   106.     H. 

F.   452.      J.   85. 

Lt.  A.  423.    M. 

305,  427,  679.  M. 

A.   306.    M.   G. 

217.    P.  223.    R. 

562.     R.  J.  193. 

R.N.  194.  SirW. 

Lt.  L.  534,  645 
Claughton,     Hon. 

Mrs.  85 
Claxton,  W.  565 
Clay,  E.  F.  425.  E. 

J.  195 
Clay  don,  O.  86 
Clayton,  C.  334 
Cleave,  E.  330 
Clement,  M.  5.676. 

Mrs.  H.  647 
Clements,  J.  230 
Cleobury,  W.  334 
Clerk,  Sir  6.  R.  534 
Gierke,  F.  328.  Veo. 

C.  C.  303 
Cliffe,  J.  B.  333 
Clifford,  F.  560.  H. 

J.  217.  L.A.106. 

Lt..Col.  H.  M. 

535.  S.  303.    W. 

449 
Clifton,  F.  C.  650. 

J.  T.  302 
Clistold,  E.  M.  305. 

J.  667 
Clive,  R.  86 
Close,   F.   M.  495. 

R.  W.  327 
Clover,  J.  676 
Cloves,  M.  106 
Clowes,  Capt.  T.  B. 

484.     S.  L.  450 
Clubley,  T.  221 
Clyde,  Capt.  C.  HO 
Coatea,  W.  H.565 
Cobb,  E.  J.  650 
Cobbett,    E.     195. 

E.M.A.  195 
Cochrane,  Vice-Ad. 

SirT.84, 192,306 
Cock,  E.  R.  107 
Cockburn,  Mrs.  J. 

H.  425 
Cocke,  A.  32.0.    A. 

L.304 

4U 


698 

Coikshot,  \V.  :U4 
Codd,  A.  424 
(oilcliitgtoii,  F.  .')(>() 
Cf)driii<((oii,    J.  M. 

;J0:..  L:»dy  O.  R5. 

Mrs.  n.  J.  304 
Cue,  A.  B,  42(1.    li. 

U.  107.  S.T.  UK) 
Cuet  logon ,  E.dc,3:i4 
Coffey,  E.  107.     M. 

J.  565 
Cuffiii,  (Japt.  .1.  T. 

19'2.   S.  E.  455 
Co<;hill,  Lady,  304 
Coghlan,  S.  E.  501 
Cuhen,  J.  640 
Coke,  E.  R.  219 
Coker,  Mrs.  64() 
Colbeck,T.  86 
ColboriiejHoii.Mrs. 

304 
Cole,C.  5G4.  E.  561. 

G.675.  J.U.  iy2. 

R.  J.  83 
Colebome,  S.  220 
Coleridge,  U.  648 
Coles,  E.  F.  650 
Colfox,  \V.  334 
Colleii,  M.  301) 
Colles,  S.  HG 
ColU'tt,    R.    W.    I). 

678 
CoUitT,  Capl.H.'l'. 

B.  lyz.  .I.E.  455 
Collingridgr,  S.  3.i.i 
Collingwood.   Ij.  C. 

IJM 
Colliiifs,  A.  I<l6.    E. 

105.     P.  B.  lf)4 
ColliufiOii,  R.  A'27 
Colloni,  II.  P.  87 
Colly  IT,  C.  56*2 
Coli|iihoiiii,  G.  454 
Colt,  VV.  ().  567 
Colvilo,  Maj.  Il.4:.t 
CoiiiberiiuTe,  Vist*. 

423 
Comfort,  R.  '218 
(ommf'liiiH,  .J.  3*H 
Coniptoii,  P.]VI.4i7 
Conchie,  E.  I  Of) 
ConiH'll,  S.  G.  676 
Connolly, Lt.M.645 
Con  ran,  (•.  5.M 
Conmnblo,    C.  Vi:». 

C.  M.  ;uo.  r.  A. 
T.  C. 302 

Constfrditii',  J.  W. 

4'24 
('on way,     M.    671. 

Major  T.  S.  M)'2. 

\V.  4iM 
Cfinyhrare,    ('.     R. 

!(»5.      V.  (i'J7.    .'. 


Lidex  to  Names. 


Cohyngliam,C.  321 
Cook,    C.    J.   4'J7. 

T.  67;l 
Ciiokf,  D.  5.5}>.    (;. 

11.305.  J.  A.  331. 

L.    334.     M.   A. 

56'2.     R.  1.05 
CookKS,  C.  B.  327 
Couksoit,  K.  218 
Coombe,  W.  J.  305 
Cooper,  C.  L.  5.36. 

1>.  448.     E.  3'29. 

G.   567.     J.  330, 

673.    Lieut.-Col. 

562.     Mrs.  B.  H. 

193.    S.  222.  W. 

424 
(Joore,  A.  A.  4'25 
Cope,   C.    F.    538. 

M.56] 
Copeinan,A.C.  1.96. 

A.  K. 648 
Copland,  Mrs. 217 
Copleston,  Mrs.  R. 

E.  193 
Coplin?,  M.  3.10 
(Jurbct,  A.  G.  649 
Corbett,     A.     455, 

675.   Mrs.  E.  1(H) 
Corkp,  J.  3:1 
Corker,  G.  W.  535, 

64f) 
Corncuull,     Ladv, 

419.     Hon.  S.  11. 

67 «.     H.  M.  559 
(.'orru',  A.  105 
Corsar,Capt.  C.  1 07 
Cor8elli^i,  N.  (  ,  426 
(  oiNc!r,  F.  S.  195 
C.iry,  R.  W.  303 
Cory  ton,  J.  22'2 
Cosby,   E.    M.    (;. 

679 
Cosscrat,  (i.  P.  535 
(.ostin,  B.  B.  534 
Coteswortb,  \V.  195 
(Jottcrell,  E.650 
Cotton,  A.  O.  557. 

C.   '21t\     E.    87. 

Von.  H.  30J 
Coulllia'd.  C.   i;i7. 

R.  559 
Coullliart.  11.  677 
(  nupcr,  A.  C.  ild 
Curt,  F.  M.Hl 
(■ouriiMiHv,  Capi.Ci. 

W.  C.  ()45.  C.G. 

421.     (;.  11.425 
Conrtin,  ().  If)4 
CourtowiijC'icss  of 

536 
(•  usii><:,Mrs.E.  673 
Coven  try,  Nun.  iMr<. 

19  {.   '\J.    P.   W. 


Coverdale,  J.  649 
Coward,  S.  451,676 
Cow  ill,  E.  J.  87 
Cowie,  B.   M.   193. 

T.  H.  426 
Cuwles,  T.  108 
Cowley,  Lord,  423 
Cow  per,  C.   C.   G. 

537.     Hon.  C.S. 

306.    Hon.W.  F. 

191 
Cox.  E.  218.    F.  R. 

1.95.    J.  M.  424. 

r.  M.  F.  678 
Coxe,  R.  C.  424 
Coyney,  C.  535 
Crabbe,  S.  86 
Crabtree,  M.  673 
Cradock,S.T.  194. 

T.  R.  558 
Craig,  G.  B4 
Crane,  E.  C.  194 
Criinston,  A.  676 
Cran  worth,     Lord, 

191 
Craster.T.  305.    J. 

T.  537 
C  raven,  C.  M.  87 
Crawliall,J.676 
Crawley,  J.   S.  87. 

S.  218 
Cr(>Hloek,M.E.649 
Crease,  H.F.P.650 
Creaser,  Mis<t,  332 
Cre$pignv,  Lady  C. 

de  536' 
Cresswc*ll,T.  Z.I95. 

S.  M.  105 
Crruzc,A.  K.B.I 07 
Cnwe,  SirJ.H.302 
Crevke,  W.  P.  424 
C  ribb,  Mrs.  M.  67H 
Cric.-hton,  J.  H.1.94. 

\V.  678 
('ripps,  Mrs.  J.  lOd 
Crispin,  H.  M.  219 
Croft,  A.  219.  E.  S. 

327 
Crofts,  J.  1).559 
Croke,.1.302  R.65«' 
Croker,  R.  (»76 
(  ronipton,  A.  334. 

E.   33  2.     J.  218. 

.I.G.K6.  Mr. Jus- 
tiff.  H3 
CroHS,  S.  M.  105 
Cross*',  R.  535 
Cronrb,  J.  673 
Crowder,  A.  E.  84. 

Capt.  E.  F.  104 
Crowo,  W.  107 
Crown,  Mrs.  J.  109 
f  rowrli»r,  H.  2IH. 

Lt.  .1.  151 
f  niirk«l)ank.K.44f» 


Cruise,   Mi§s  C.  S. 

919 
Crump,  W.  106 
Cruse,  F.  537 
Crutchley,  E.  103 
Cufande,'  J.  L.  427 
Cuffe,  R.  W.  306 
Cullum,  R.  G.  86 
Culverwell,R.J.IIO 
Cumberland,  Cna. 

84.   ComiD.O.84. 
Cnmmin^.A.H.19S. 

A.  P.  G.  199.   L. 

109.     W.  679 
Cummins,  J.A.  44S 
Cunliffe,  H.  194 
Cunningfliank,  J,  W. 

219 
Cuiiyngbame,  G.  A. 

F.  56() 
Cure,  Mrs.  R.C.  304 
Gurf^enyen.W.  217 
Curling,  W.  677 
Curry,  R.  108 
Curleif,  Mn.  F.  W. 

646.    Mrf.H.M. 

425 
Curtiei,  T.  G.331 
Curtis,   J.    J.   451. 

Lt.-Cul.  H38 
Curtler,  \V.  H.  535 
Curwen,  J.  673 
Curzon.Capt.K.  193 
Cust,  Capt.  H.  192. 

Hon.  S.  M.  no 
Cuitance,  F.  C.  56:i 
Cuthbert,    G.    453. 

W.  333.       W.  S. 

214 
I)abUic,H.N.  4ft3 
Dacumb,  H.427 
Uadeliien,    H.   H. 

Von,  914 
Dadiun,  W.  560 
Dainivr,  Major   I). 

534 
Dakin?,  Misf,  453 
Dale,  J.  P.  645 
Dalhuusie,      Marq. 

192.    Most  Hon. 

S.      Marcbiunes« 

of,  678 
Daliiun,  J.  B.  84 
Dallas,  Lt.  W.  06O 
D'AIquen,  E.  45.^ 
Dairy mple,   Cul.  J. 

H.E.423.    K.674 
Dalton,C.  IO9.    G. 

F.   192.     J.  650. 

J.  S.  219.  T.  215 
Daly,  H.  D.  86.     L. 

H7.     T.  333 
Danifr,  Ladv  L.  G. 

D.  537 
Dnmpier,  C.  F.  565 


^ 


IndtA'  to  Names, 


I^aiiiei,  E.  A.  305. 

W.  3'2i),  33U 
DariielI,C.  108.   H. 

648 
Da|>Iyn,Mrs.M.0'7O' 
Darby,  A.  30^2 
J)arken,  E.  J.  448 
Darnell,  T.  C.  195 
Dart,  C.  L.  3'27 
Darwin,  Mrs.  F.  85 
Dashwoud,  H.  331, 

33"2.     S.  45!2 
Daubeiiy,  G.  44(5 
Daveiiey,     Lt.-Col. 

B.  534 
Davenpurt,    H.    D. 

300*.     Major    VV. 

D.534.   W.D.I9'.' 
Davers,  K.  3*28 
Davidson,  C.F.455. 

C.  L.  H.  195. 
H.86'.  H.E.JI9, 
50-3.  .1.  C.  423. 
M.  194, 504 

Duvies,A. '218.     U. 

'217.     C.  J.  453. 

D.3.14.  E.A.lyJ. 

H.  108.     J.  303. 

M.F.  3-29.  M.M. 

80'.    Mrs.  M.  450. 

R.  557.     Rev.  — 

193.     T.  (>79 
Davis,  A.   195.     A. 

J.  427.     H.  334. 

J.  W.   304.     6t. 

G.  C.  S.  217 
Davisuh,  Capt.  W. 

678 
Davy,  T.  '2'2'2 
Davys,  O.  W.  535 
Dawkini,    C.    192. 

n.  105,  217 
Dawnay,  IIon.A.C. 

454 
Daws,  T.  535 
Dawsett,  A.  560 
Dawsun,  E.M.  196. 

K.  S.  537.  F.2M. 

J.F.329.     Major 

R.  K.  534.     Mrs. 

V.  536 
Dax,  T.  675 
Day,  A.  334.  J.  105. 

J.F.  .S36.    M.T. 

G.  194.     R.  427, 

450.     W.  333 
Dayrell,  J.  R.  110 
Dt-acuii,  F.  E.  426 
Dean,  M.  566 
Deane,  H.  M.  .->37. 

W.J.  535 
Deas,  G.  645 
Dease,  Lady  T.  334 
Debary,E.  L.  677 
De  fiurgb,  W.  1.93 


De  Courcy,  M.  303 
Deedes,  J.  645 
Detker,  R.  535 
Decring,  A.  647 
De  Guille,  G.  424 
De   Hersant,  J.  F. 

538 
DeUp,  M.  537 
DeiiKbt,  E.  107 
De  Lille  and  Dud- 
ley, Lady,  647 
Dencb,  Capt.  T.  677 
Denman.Hon.Mrs. 

L.\V.85.     J.  427 
Deniie,  H.  194    M. 

673.     T.  86 
Dennis,  J.  563 
Dcnnistoun,  A.  87 
Denny,  Ens.  C.  A. 

672 
Dent,    E.    J»    560. 

T.  327 
Derbisbire,  Dr.  449 
Derin^,  Mr^.  H .  646 
Dervelk-,T.  M..565 
DeSalis,  H.J.  538. 

H.  J.  A.  F.84 
Desart,  C'tcss  193 
Despard,  H.  195 
Dethick,  S.  562 
Devenisli,  NV.  676 
Devon,  M.  565 
Dew,  A.  E.  566.    T. 

333 
Dewar,  R.  C.  675 
Dewes,  E.  M.  650 
Dewing,  R.  675 
Dick,  A.  E.  87.    G. 

G.  647 
Dicken,  H.  P.  424 
Dickenson,  Mrs.  F. 

N.  304 
Dickersun,  S.  108 
Dickinson,  C.J  .303. 

F.  H.  302.     S.A. 

538 
Dickson,    D.    535. 

H.  N.  427.     W. 

537 
Dilke,  M.333 
Diikes,  W.  195 
Dill,  N.  333 
Dillon,   Rear-AdiD. 

Sir  W.  H.  424 
Diroock,  N.647 
Dinsdale,K.  677 
Disney,  B.  563 
Dixon,  A.  426.     C. 

537.  U.R.G.650. 

J.  B.  105.    R.V. 

424 
Dubson,  J.  R.  424. 

If.   228.     S.  M. 

334 
Dockiey,  J.  453 


Dod,  W.  30'.^ 
Dodd, M.333.  Mrs. 

M.  329 
Dudgeon,  C.  84 
Dodington,  W.  M. 

452 
Dodsun,  W.  814 
Dodsworih,  Mrfi.  C 

334 
Duberty,C.W.424. 

E.M.  565.    R.S. 

451 
Dolling,  B.  W.  327. 

M.  448 
Dolman,  £.  450 
Donibrain,  R.F.673 
Domville,  E.  561 
Donald,  E.  332.   J. 

558 
Doncaster,  J.  676. 

S.  E.450 
Donovan,    F.    564. 

J.  J.  196 
Dore,  Mrs.  M.  451 
Durrington,    C   R. 

110 
D'Orsay.  LadyH.A. 

Countess,  306 
Dorville,  J.  VV.  423 
Douglas,    A.    426. 

C.  305.     Cuinm. 

Ilun.  G.  11.  84. 

Major  J.  83.  Miss, 

h66.  Mrs.  W.  W. 

536.     S.  J.  G45 
Doust,  J.  105 
Dowding,  E.  334 
Down,    C.  J.   305. 

R.  645 
Downe,Vi8C*tesi,85 
Downes,  A.  565.  J. 

M.  215 
DowDie,  C.  F.  IO8 
Downing,  J.  427 
Downward,  M.  649 
Doyle,  M.  107 
D'Oyly,  C.  M.  86 
Doyne,  C.  H.  650 
Drake,  Mrs.  T.  T. 

536.     R.  334.   S. 

561 
Drew,  A.  C.    329. 

Lt.  M.  452 
Driffield,  L.  P.  305 
Driver,  A.  221 
Drumianrig,     Vise. 

192.Vi8c'teB8l93 
Drummond,  FL  E. 

220.     H.  M.  64K 
Drury,  J.  646 
Dryden,  Mrs.  C.  B. 

425 
Da  Bois,  F.  B.  423 
Dubuision,  E.  562 
Ducat,  J.  S.  567 


699 

Duck,  J,  H.  434 
Duckeu,  H.  h  A. 

108.    T.  676 
Dudman,  R.  216 
Duffidd,  R.  D.  84 
Duke,M.647.T.454 
Dulward,G.M.427 
Dumaresq,  W.L.87 
Dumergue,  E.  86 
Dumper,  C  330 
Duncan,     F.    564. 

J.  425 
Dundas,  Capt.  Hon. 

R.S.  191.    Rear- 

Adm.J.W.D.192 
Dunkellin,Lord,198 
Dunn,  J.  W.   535. 

M.  A.  104.  T.87 
Duntford,  £.  H.220 
Dun8tan,Lt.T.820 
Duntterville,  E.  N. 

85 
Dunston,T.W.558 
Du  Pre,  Mrs.  C.  G. 

646 
Durant,  W.  R.  195 
Durham,    A.     304. 

W.  677 
Durrant,  E.  N.  647 
Duttun,  Hon.  Mn. 

R.  646 
Duval,  H.J.B.  437. 

Madame  M.  331 
Dwarris,  G.  454 
Dyer,  J.  Z.  110.  S. 

S.  425.    T.  914. 

T.  565.  W.  M.  83 
Dyke,  P.  H.  425 
Dyott,  R.  198 
Dy8on,Capt.£.534. 

Major  J.  D.  534. 

S.  649 
Earitb,  C.  676 
Earle,  J.  650.    B. 

B.  424 
East,  A.  E.  E.  306. 

A.W.306 
Eastlake,  G.  I09 
Eastwood,  J.  86 
Eccles,  H.  426 
Eddie,  R.  646 
Eddis,  H.  W.  538 
Ede,  E.  A.  B.  637* 

H.  J.  389 
Eden,C.  P.  194.  F. 

L.  194.    Hon.  H. 

560.  J.  645.  Lady 

646.  M.  106.  W. 

B.  828 
Edgar,  H.  R.  678 
Eilge,  D.  451 
Edgell,   H.    F.  84. 

M.  S.  86 
Edgington,  S.  330. 

T.  F.  106 


700 

Edmunds,  A.  5()4 
Edwards,  G.H.  ^0*5. 
H.  P.  84.  J.  332. 
R.  105.     T.  451. 
W.  328 
Edye,  W.  M.  83 
Egertoii,    E.    453. 
Major-Gen.R.302 
Eicke,  M.  A.  S.  E. 

G48 
Elderftcid,  E.  44W 
Eldoii,  Rt.  Hon.  L. 
C*tesslO().  T.ei5 
Elkin,  A.  419 
Ellice,  R.  537 
Elliot,  C.  8(j.   E.  L. 
194.     H.A.  047. 
Hon.G.4;.'4.  Ma- 
jor E.J. B.'J.  Rear- 
Ad  m.  11.  (;45 
Elliott,  II. '217 
Ellis,  K.  S.  107.    J. 
R.    535.       Major 
048.     T.  R.  84 
Ellison,  H.  87 
Elmhirst,  A.  F.  304 
Elmley,  Vise.  423 
Elphinstone,   Lord, 

192 
Elton,  C.    149.     P. 

5G4 
Elwes,  C.  C.  302 
Elwiii,  R.  F.  557 
I'.l worthy,  A.  4J5 
Kman,  Cai>i.  J.  83 
i:mbIeton,S.M.53a 
Eint'ris,  J.  l!)4 
Kni'TSoii,    C.    195. 

H.  109.    T.  424 
Emery,  J.  110.    R. 

107 
Eropson,  A.  J.  424 
Em  son,  VV,  538 
Endicott,  J.  B.  J 94 
Entield,  Vise.  534 
En^leh^art,   M.    J. 
D.047.  \V.  11.22 J 
Enniskilkn,   C'ti'3!> 

of  304 
Erek,  C.  328 
Errinjjton,    G.     II. 

190' 
Erskinc,  J.  A.   87* 
Rt.Hoi,.Lord304. 
T.  G4fl 
E^gnr,  J.  2  JO 
Estriiljre,  H.T.21.1 
Eiherin^ton,       AI. 
453.     M.C.  190' 
Evans,  C.  ."•05.     E. 
214.219,424,-127. 
ff.  S.  072.     Hon. 
Mrs.  G.  075.     J. 
A.o38.  L.J. 218. 
AlAJorH.8  3.  Miss 


Index  lo  Names 4 


427.  M.M.C.451. 
T.  107,  194.     W. 
P.  328 
Evelegb,  A.  503 
Evcrard,  D.  328.  E. 

B.  303 
Everest,G.G50.  Mrs. 

110 
Everett,  J.  H.  G78 
Everitt,  J.  452 
Evershed,  F.  303 
Kvery,  II.  453 
Evezard,  E.  D'Arcy 

425 
Evill,  M.  537 
Evitt,  E.  503 
Euart,  J.  420 
EwinK,J.2l8.     M. 

A.  107 
Ewings,Mrs.R.530 
Eyre,   A.    H.   077. 
Capt.T.5G0.  Ma- 
jor-Gpn.V.E.G78. 
Mr8.V.  304 
FaKan,G.H.U.424 
Fairbead,  F.  J.  84 
Fairie,  C.  423 
Fairlam,  Mrs.  070 
FairrusMrii.J.O.l94 
Falloon,  C.  424 
Fane,C.  194 
Fannin'^,    Dipt.    E. 

C.  07  «.     F.  305 
I'urhall,  M.  ()75 
Farisli,  J.  451 
F;irlam.  J.  84 
l-arley,  W.  II.  »7 
Farluw,  M.  537 
Farmer,  J.  P.  li.  190. 

T.  M'L.  049 
Farquharson,  E.  II. 
220.     Mrs.  H.  J. 
530 
Farr,  F.2I0.     F.  B. 

673 
Farrant,  J.  079 
Farrell,  A.  T.    121. 

T.  100 
Farrer,  H.  501 
Farthing,  T.  N.  537 
Fascutt,Mr«.S.  108 
Faugbt,R.  L.'C.195 
Fanlooner,R.  11.221 
Faulkner,   Mrs.   B. 

222 
Favarper,  R.  H.  305 
Fawcett,  J.  5:17 
F.4wcitt,Mr».R.  530 
Fearnley,  D.  331 
Fearnsid»',S.  M.450 
Feilden,  Capl.  M.J. 

423 
Feldwick,  C.  G7  7 
FelFour,  M.  G.  500 
Fell,  r.  075 


FeUuwes,ComiD.W. 
A.  645.     H.  108 
Fellows,  II.  W.  85 
Fennings,  A.  230 
Fenton,  VV.  C.  303 
Fenwick,E.W.424. 

J.  C.  195.  T.  110 
Fereday,  T.  650 
Ferguson,  E.  648 
Fermor,  J.  lOG 
Fernandes,  E.  109 
Ferrand,  G.  A.  306 
Ferre,  J.  J.  E.  de 

110 
Festing,  C.  424 
FfoIkes,II.E.B.G46 
Ffooks,  W.  305 
Field,  A.  E.  675.  G. 

077.     H.  S.  330. 

J.  302 
Fielden,    Capt.    K. 

423.     M.J.  423 
Fielder,  J.  T.  673 
Fielding,  F.  A.  194. 

L.  Vise*! ess  677 
Fife,  A.  563 
Filder,  M.  107 
Filleul,P.V.M.I93 
Finley,  J.  558 
Finnie,  W.  538 
Fischer,  T.  H.  647 
Fishbtirn,  T.  674 
Fisher,A.G73.  Capt, 

T.  84.  E.  106.  F. 

84.     P.  502 
Filz-Clarenec,  Lady 

A.  194 
Fitz-Gerald,  A.  O. 

303.  H.424.    VV. 

303 
Fitz8;erald,  Capt.  J. 

C.  535.  E.  J.  195. 

G.    332.     H.    J. 

218.     Lady  85 
Fitzhprbnrt,  E.  H. 

564.     H.675 
Fitz-llerbert,M.T. 

105 
Fitzmanrice,    Hon. 

F.  O'B.  049 
Fitz-Maurice,  J.M. 

3-M 
Fitzrov,    Hon.    H. 

192!  Lord  W.535. 

MHJ.»r  G.  534 
I'itz^illiam,  F".  506 
Flail-^ate,  Mrs.  \V. 

M.  040 
Flanmiik,  J.  328 
Flanagan,  Capt.  J. 

B.  190 
Flavell,  M.  R.  305 
Flteiwood.  G.  330 
FIemming,Miss  679 
Fleblier,  J.T.  214 


Fletcbcr,E.  L.  427. 
J.  2S1,  646.    N, 
327 
Flinn,  L.  S.  194 
Flint,  M.  E.  676 
Flood,  F.  S.  645 
rioud,  R.  M.  216 
Flower,  M.  673 
Floyd,  R.  P.  195 
Foaker,  J.  650 
Foley,  l>.  84.     E.C. 

646.  Hon.Mrs.F. 

G.194.    JLordl9l 
Folkestone,  Viic'tei 

85 
Foot,  M.  C.  650 
Forbes,  Capt.  334. 

G.H.649.    T.L. 

IDO.    Lt.-Coi.W. 

C.  564.    Lt.-Col. 

\V.  S.  332 
Ford,E.  P.2iy.    J. 

109,646.  M.333. 

T.  217 
Forde,  F.M.A.  196. 

J.  566 
Forester.  C.  W.  I96 
Forc^e,  Dr.  F.  674 
Forman,    Capt.   E. 

559 
Forrest,  M.  330.  T. 

105 
Fonter,  J.  645.    M. 

105.     T.  557 
Fort,  R.  306 
Fortescue,   J.   646. 

Mrs.  W.  B.  193 
Foster,  A.  Gl'Z.     J. 

673.  J.F.  L.42.3. 

Ii.302.  S.563,564 
Forsyth,  O.  452 
Fow]e,Mr!!.T.E.536 
Fowler,  J.  222.     R. 

B.  537 
Fox,  C.  220.     F.  J. 

87.  J.  84.   0.196 
Framptoii»  Capt.  H. 

83 
Francis,  J.  221.    M. 

450 
Franklin,   Capt.  C. 

T.  87 
Frankly n,  J.  N.2n 
Fraser,  C.  424.     E. 

M.106.   H.G.329 

Hon.Mr».W.677 

M.    E.    G.    538 

Mr«.  M.  M.  218 
Freeland.W.  C.321 
Freer,  Miss,  537 
Freman,  J.  451,558. 

M.  333.     Mr.  J. 

R.  87.     T.  567 
Frere,  J.  A.  535 
Frogstt,Mri.M.674 


^ 


Index  to  Names. 


Frost,  G.  219.    R. 

646.     W.  T.  538 
Froude,  J.  215 
Fry,  C.  535.     R.452 
Fryer,  M.  109 
Fulcber,  F.  P.  332. 

M.  A.  304 
Fiilford,  Mrs.  425 
Fullagar,Mr8.J.109 
Fullarton,M.B.448 
Fuller,  F.  305.     H. 

M.  105.     M.  195 
Fullerton,  A.  426 
Fulton,  C.  306.     H. 

S.M.560.    J.425. 

Major  J.  331 
Farm  age,  Mrs.  W. 

219 
Furneaux,  H.  560 
Fussell,  £.  A.  650. 

J.563.   J.T.R.84 
Fyler,  F.  194 
Fynmore,    L.   449. 

T.  83 
Gabert,C.332.     G. 

H.  B.  650 
Gablitas,  F.  566 
Gabriel,  Major-Gen. 

R.  B.  423 
Gace,  M.  S.  85 
Gage,  Hoii.  F.  427 
Gairdner,  C.  450 
Gale,  G.  J.  564.   T. 

565 
Galindo,  S.  330 
Gall,  J.  678 
Gallego,DonN.329 
Gallowav,    A.    195. 

M.  217 
Gallon,  Mrs.  D.  425. 

T.  H.  650 
Galway,  C.  84 
Gambier,  E.  677 
Gamble,  M.  A.  194 
Gammeil,  Major  W. 

451 
Gandy,  D.  E.  335. 

J.  H.  425.    J.  T. 

451.  W.  450 
Gane,  H.  J.  538 
Gant,  Lt.-Col.  J.  C. 

110 
Garde,  T.  W.  86 
Garden,  C.  650 
Gardiner,  Lt.-Gcn. 

Sir  R.  W.  534 
Gardner,  Capt.E.C. 

329.     H.  A.  565. 

H.  C.  650.    J.  D. 

538.  R.  537 
Garland,  E.  537 
Garnett,  J.  564 
Garnons,  M.  564 
Garrard,  S.  304 
Garrod,  M.  676 


Garrow,  A.  M.  675 
Garton,  G.  J.  193 
Gaskell,  H.  677 
Gastineau,  J.  E.  M. 

448 
Gatbcrcole,  R.  455 
Gaunt,  A.  217 
Gaussen,  F.  C.  85 
Gay,  H.  J.  675 
Gaye,  J.  T.  219 
Geddes,  A.  305.    A. 

J.  220 
Geldart,  J.  85 
Gell,  G.  A.  567 
Gennys,   E.  B.  H. 

302 
George,  A.  K.  648. 

E.  195,  222.     J. 

105.    J.  N.  650. 

Major  F.  D.  302 
Geogbegan,   M.   J. 

332 
Germas,  E.  217 
Germon,  N.  M.  193 
Gervis,  Lady,  304 
Gery,  A.  B.  1 10 
Ghrimes,  S.  302 
Gibbard,  F.  305 
Gibbon,  J.  195 
Gibb8,J.424.  M.A. 

109,  219 
Gibson,  A.  105.    A. 

P.  108.     C.  III. 

J. 451.  J.y.2l6. 

Mrs.  331.  R.  217 
Gifford,  M.  450 
Gilbert, C.648.  E.F. 

450.   M.  332.    P. 

P. 84, 303 
Gilderdale,F.S.538 
Giles,  W.  452 
Gill,  W.  646 
Gillbanks,  J.  335 
Gillespie,  A.  448.   J. 

536 
Gillelt,  J.  676.    L. 

305.     S.  E.  538 
Gilmore,  A.  221 
Gilmour,  Conaro.  A. 

563 
Gingell,  E.  331 
Giraud,  H.  A.  85 
Girdleitonp,J.B.675 
Gladstone,  Rt.  Hon. 

W.  E.  191 
Glass,  J.  220 
Gla98e,Capt.J.H.H. 

84 
Glasspoole,  A.  673 
Glegg,  T.  220 
Glenie,  A.  Z.  449 
Glennie,  £.  649.   J. 

D.  193 
Glotsop,  Madame  F. 

678 


Glover,  J.  561 
Glubb,  P.  327 
Glynn,  M.  674 
Godbold,  S.  B.  536 
Goddard,    U.    648. 

J.M.218.   M.S. 

648.    S.  331.   T. 

564 
Godden,Mr8.£.109 
Godench,  F.  424 
Godericb,  Vise.  535 
Godfery,  W.  424 
Godfrey,  C.  \V.  M. 

330.  J.  R.  R.  87. 

T.  S.  302 
Godine,  A.  O.  564 
Gudley,  E.  673 
Guff,  A.  87.    Lady 

A.  85 
Goldfinch,  C.E.  427 
Goldie,  Dr.  G.  677 
Golding,A.  B.  218 
Goldney,  C.  452 
Goldsmid,  E.  453 
Goldsmith,    A.   M. 

650.    Capt.  G.  84 
Gole,  A.  450 
Gollock,  J.  84 
Gomonde,  S.  107 
Gooch,   F.  J.  305. 

H.  223 
Good,  S.  454 
Goodacre,  J.  424 
Goodall,  E.  V.  450 
Goodchild,  T.  453 
Goode,  C.  VV.  425 
GoodenoughjT.  454 
Goodford,C.O.  193 
Goodhart,  E.  565 
Goodman,  E.  B.  304 
Goose,  W.  536 
Gordon,  Capt.  J.  449 

E.F.  538.    H.C. 

537.  Hon.  A.  196. 

J.  J.  449.     Mrs. 

C.W.425.  R.A. 

535.    Rear-Adm. 

C.  424 
Gorton,  R.  G.  85 
Gore,  Mrs.  O.  193 
Gosling,  J.  W.  104. 

V.  649 
Gosnold,  Lt.  J.  454 
Go88,  J.  646 
Gotobed,  E.  677 
Gould, G.J. 672.  J. 

303 
Govett,  T.  R.  535 
Graham,  E.  216.  F. 

U.  86.     G.  677. 

Major  H.H.  645. 

P.  G.  560.     Rt. 

Hon.  SirJ.  R.  G. 

191.    SirJ.  83 
Grain,  H.  A.  537 


701 

Grange,    Capt.    R. 

535.     M.  329 
Grant,  A.  220,  452, 

564.  Capt.W.L. 

83,645.  Hon.Mrs. 

85.    Hon.  J.  649. 

J.451.  Lady,2l6. 

Lt.-Col.  C.  St.  J. 

448.     Major  W. 

L.  192.   W.C.P, 

304 
Grantham,  C.C.  305 
Granville,  Earl,  191. 

M.  106 
Gratton,  R.  678 
Grave,  J.  W.  219 
Graves,  C.  332 
Gray,  B.  C.  T.  334. 

£.646.  E.S.448. 

S.  562.    W.  562. 

W.  H.  427 
Greaves,  S.  103,109, 

217 
Green,  E.J. 646.  F. 

194,453.  G.306, 

333,535.  H.335. 

J.  423.     W.  334 
Greene,  G.  564.  M. 

674.  T.  535,645. 

T.H.536.  W.H. 

558 
Greenhaigh,  M.  A. 

305 
Greenhill,H.L.33I. 

T.  F.  538 
Greenock,  Lord,423 
Greenslade,  J.  106 
Greenway,  J.  647. 

L.676.   M.E.A. 

647.    R.  C.678 
Greenwood,  F.  678 
Gregory,  B.  J.  449 
Greban,  P.  565 
Greig,  M.  A.  C  649 
Grellier,  G.  673 
Gresbam,  6.  E.  426 
Gresley,  S.  A.  566 
Gresson,  R.  C.  650. 

S.  558 
Gretton,  T.  535 
Greville,  L.  451 
Grey,  Capt.  J.W.  83. 

R.  W.  192.    Rt. 

Hon.  SirG.  193 
Gritrsbach,C.A.2]7. 

C.J.  454.   J.  331 
Grieve^J.  331.  Lt.- 

Col.  222 
Griffin,  H.  303.    R. 

G.  559 
Griffith,  £.105,424. 

J.  R.  646 
Griffitbi,E.SI7,484 
Grigby,  A.  454 
GriggiiJ.  R.  318 


70l' 

(irimcs,  E.4'23.    W. 

1U9 
GrimshawPyJ.  L.  U. 

109 
(irindall,  M.  A.  (i47 
Grissell,  T.  3(Vi 
Grittuii,  A.  Vi»c'le!»s 

Lake  b(i6 
Grouiii,  K.  1U7 
Grusselt,  E.J.iM.  A. 

(iAI 
Grosvtiiior,  La<ly  C 

GA(J.   Lady  O.  :io:» 
Grout,  J.  no 
Groves,  Capt.  J.  U. 

(iro\».se,  K.  U4d 
Gruhb,  L.  537 
Grylls,   II.   G.   Jl.i. 

T.  G.  '\-2G 
Gubbiiifl,  A.  £.  lOG 
Guernsey, Lady, 4'jri 
Gutst,  J.  C.  07 ;< 
GuilloiincaUjJ.^i.'iO 
Guise,  V.  G.  I!):. 
Guiiard,  A.  M.  4Ti 
Gulliver,  T.  4.*)!;^ 
Gun  dry,  W.  4^4 
Gunni'll,  Lt.  K.  i\. 

(iM.-i 
Gunning,  \j.  A.  l.'iO' 
GurncT,  IL  V.  MY.i 
Gurncy,     1).     ;JOJ, 

3.:m.  L. K. :)(;4. 

T.  84. 
Gutlirie,  J.  IJ45 
(iuy,    A.    ;».JM.     K. 

:U'2.    .1.  8G 
(;wi!lim,  NV.  IL.J.'IJ 
Hark,  K.  T.  ;{.J2 
llaoknian.A.K.  ',iMi 
J  lad  (if  Id,       Ven. 

Archd.  O.  \U4 
lladlev,  C.  221 
FI.iSiiiaii,.I.F.3.^2 
1 1  ai;  vers  ton,  Mr-iJ. 

85' 
lla^cuc,  lZ,iilU 
Ilaigh,  T.  441).    \V. 

(i7y 
llailts,  C.  A.  MHi 
liaitiSMurtl),  V.  ."iiil 
ll.ilburd,  K.  B.  30{ 
IlaliN    C.    5(J3.     .1. 

2111.     T.  L.  1.% 
JLall.    C.   4'21.     (  . 

W.biUi.  r.  K.3(Hi. 

().  JIH.     K.   i!m;. 

T.    A.   lo-i.      NV. 

I).  4.1 
llali.M,  r.  <J47.    It. 

HaliewelU  L.  A.  IJ.'i 
Hallnran,  H.  J.G7!i 
Halium,  S.  077 


/n</0.i'  /u  NaniHu. 


ilalsey,  Capt.  T.  P. 

645 
HamblHton,  1).  (j77 
Haines,  J.  454.   M, 

A.  .<05.     S.  «77 
Huuiilton,  A.    535, 

538,  (i75.     A.  £. 

K.  537.  Capf.  H. 

1j50.     C.    I).    U4. 

Dr.   J.   W.    536. 

K.    H.    M.    G74. 

K.  J.  30fj.  K.  W. 

105.     F.  VV.  1})'^. 

G.  \V.  H.  «G.  H. 

H.   4'25.      H.    P. 

303.  M.4:.O.G47. 

R.  328,   (;50.     S. 

R.  557.     W.  B(i 
Hamlet,  T.  451 
Hammack,  M.  5G4 
Hrimnnll,  Capt.  T. 

C.  83 
Hammond,  (;.  (i74 
Hanbury,  M.  K.  87. 

O.  rJ7.     S.  IJ)5 
Har.ciK-k,Cunmi.G. 

303.     T.  334 
Handy-.ide,  R.  i\)l 
Haiikev,Mrs.Ji.(;4(> 
Hankin,  G.  D.  44.9 
Hankiii9,Col.\V,5Gl 
Hannam,  8.  4'l<) 
Hannay,  J.  537 
Han^on,K.45L    K. 

I).  101 
Harbord,  Hon.K.bU 
Harbottle,  J.  50**2 
Hurcourt,  F.(;.427. 

H.  V.  452 
Hardie,  B.  50*4 
Hardin^,SirJ.l).83 
Hardin^e,Hun.C.S. 

(it5 
Hardiiity,  J.  V.45U. 

S.  110. 
Hardley,  J.  (J74 
Haid\»ick,  C.  424, 

530".  K.331 
Hardy,  H.  5(i4 
Hare,  <'<tpi.   [£.  F. 

194.     H.  85 
ilarford,  E.  108 
Harison,  C.  30G 
Harkne^R,  VV.  {'A\) 
Harle,  T.  537 
Harlock,  W.  331 
Hurper,K.  1.%'.  Mrs. 

IC.  nw.     T.  331. 

w.  H.  vn 

Harral,  T.  :VX\ 
Harries,  K.  VH 
Harriott,  C.  M.  (i4'> 
Harris,  Capt.  Hon. 

E.  A.  83.     r.  W. 

85.   G.  83.   Hon. 


E.A.30^.  J. 448. 
Rt.  Hon.  S.  Lady, 
560.  T.452.  W. 
H.  427. 
Harri«on,A.H. '223. 
A.  R.  55.9,  671. 
C.449.    C.S.424. 

E.  454.  537.  E. 
C.  107.  H.A.  B. 
451.  J.  109.  J. 
C.  W.  538.  Mrs. 
536.  Mrs.  J.  H. 
647.  Mrs.W.H. 
646.  S.  E.  300. 
W.  223 

Harie,E.567.  \V.535 
Hartland,A.M.675. 

J.  CCA.  565 
Hartley,  A.  O.  536. 

M.  220 
Hartopp,  Sir  W.  E. 

C\  302 
Harvey,  Capt.   1212. 

H.455.   Mr.  678. 

W.  W.  646 
Harwuod,    K.    107. 

Mi^s  C.  333.     V. 

A.  I).  679. 
HasItT,  M.  563 
Haslork,  S.  .331 
Hasting,  Hon.Mr't. 

G.  193.     LadyE. 

M.  650 
llatchell,  Dr.   192. 

E.H.453.     E.332 
Huibaway,  S.  332 
Hatberlv,  M.  106 
Haverfield,  M.334 
Havergal,  F.T.  646 
Hawes,  Capt.G.  U. 

649 
Hawkiuii,  Capt.  A. 

M.87.  H.H.675. 

J.G.557.     R.U. 

424.  W.  538,678 
Ha\vksw.irtli,M.425 
HaM  tborne,Lt.-Coi. 

452 
Hawtrey,  E.C.  193. 

F.  537. 
Hay,  M.  T.  674 
Hayes,  W.  84,  303. 

W.  L.  223 
Hayne,  H.  106.     R. 

J.  646 
HaynoH,  D.  F.  105. 

K.S.I  05.     H.H. 

330.     R.  678 
Hayter,Rt.Hon.W. 

G.  192 

H  ay  I  b(irne,MajorE. 

5J4 
Hayward,A.305.  E. 

86.     G.  A.  303. 

L.333.    T.  321 


Haywood,  L.  87 
Headlam,  T.  564 
Headley,  H.  453 
Healey,  S.  455 
Heath,  C.  H.  646, 

650.     F.  536 
Heatlicole,  E.  538. 

G.    538.       Lady, 

425.     Mn.G.425 
Heatly.F.  107 
Heatoii,H.E.84,d7 
Hebbei,  F.  G.  334 
Hebden,  Capt    H. 

645.     J.  329 
Hector, A. 85.  C.3US 
Hed^,  M.  H.  196 
Heelii,  J.  ^Zi 
Heffer,  H.  538 
Helliiigt,  T.  450 
Helm,  F.  G.  305 
Helpi,  A.  E.  194 
Helsbaiii,C.J.647. 

H.  C.  537 
Heiumant,  A.  330 
Hemininf?.  R.  106 
Hem&wortli,T.  675. 

Mn.  B.  425 
Heiidersoii,  H.453. 

Lt.J.R.85.     M. 

W.304.     W.426, 

427 
Henley,  G.  E.  538. 

Rt.Hon.  J.\V.83 
Henly,  A.  106 
Heniiell,  J.  E.  56'3 
Ilennen,  J.  647 
Henney.L.  107.    T. 

F.  646 
Hennikery  Ltcird  303 
Henrey,  T.  424 
Henry,Cuinin.G.A. 

453 
Henslow,  E.  P.  646 
Henslowe,  F.  H.  83 
Hentman,  Mrs.  B. 

107.     O.  305 
Herbert,     A.     538. 

Capt.  Sir  T.  84. 

Hun.  Mn.  S.  304. 

Rt.  Hon.  S.  181 
Herrinic,  A.  109 
Herringhain,W.W. 

649 
Herscliel,  C.  E.  M. 

196 
Hervey,LurdA.l9], 

302.  Lord  A.C.  193 
lleseltine,  M.  649 
Heiketb,F.  M.  195. 

Mn.  R.646.    Sir 

T.  G.  534 
HethrinKton,  M.  84 
Hewitt,  C.  F.  679. 

G.537.  Hon.Mrs. 

193.    R.  678 


■^ 


Ind€4t  to  Name*, 


Hewlett,  E.  305 
Hey,  M.  86.  W.647 
Heyiies,  C.  R.  335 
Heywood,A.H.426 
Hibbert,  R.450 
Hicheiis,  J.  647 
Hickey,F.  E.J.  427 
Hickley,  J.  G.  649 
Hicks,  C.  334.     E. 

450.     F.  196.    R. 

648.     W.  P.  332 
Hickson,  M.  560 
Hide,  E.  453 
Higgin,  T.  56o 
Higgiiis,  E.674.    J. 

218.     T.  424 
Higgs,  J.  106 
Higbmore,  S.  86 
Hildyard,A.C.566. 

H.C.T.  535.   M. 

332.     S.  W.  565 
Hill,  A.  B.  193.     C. 

650.   E. 452,535. 

G.  B.  424.     G.J. 

424.    J. 536, 558. 

J.M.  M.87.    L. 

560.     M.  S.  649. 

T.  S.  536.     W.  S. 

108 
Hilliar,  J.  332 
Hillier,  W.  F.  562 
Hillmaii,  T.  332 
Hills,  J.  424 
Hillyar,  H.  S.  423 
Hillyard,H.  C.329. 

J.  W.  215 
Hellyer,  G.  W.  304 
Hiiichliflf,  E.  216 
Hind,  R.  193 
Hinde,C.M.J.332. 

H.  A.  423 
Hindle,Capt.W.F. 

565 
Hingitoii,G.C.646 
Hinscb,  W.  F.  304 
Hippesley,  Mrs.  H. 

425 
Hirschfeld,Dr.M.L. 

425 
Hirst,  VV.  678 
Hiscox,  J.  220 
Hitch,  M.  J.  304 
Hitchcock,  E.  565 
Hilchin,  C.  222 
Hoare,A.A.&7.  F. 

B.562.    H.IVI.449 
Hobday,  R.  564 
Hobhouse,  A.  192. 

H.  648 
Hubson,  E.  426.    S. 

192,  646 
Hochart,fVfadameC. 

219 
Uockiii,  \V.  672 
Hodge,  J.  W.  109 


Hodgkin,  P.  330 
HodgkinsoiiyR.  451 
Hodgson,  R.  534 
Hodson,  Mrs.  G.  F. 

304 
Hoey,  W.  P.  330 
Hoffman,  Baron  V. 

537.     S.  A.  333 
Hogarth,  T.  560 
Hogg,  A.  A.  647 
Hoggard,T.  105 
Hoggartb,   F.  567. 

M.  567 
Hoghton,  A.  220 
Holberton,  T.  564 
Holdich,  M.  675 
Holderness,  W.  536 
Hold8Worth,C.  566. 

W.  426 
Hole,  W.  424 
Holland,  Dr.  H.  83, 

534.     F.  J.  646. 

Hon.  Mrs.  G.  H. 

536.     J.  C.  195 
Hollinsbead,  C.  B. 

563 
Hollingsworth,F.C. 

K.  648 
Hoilis,  E.  B.  537 
Hollwey,  T.  452 
Holme,  F.  W.  327- 

M.  86 
Holmes,  C.  M.  305. 

E.J.  106.  E.646. 

LadyS.217.  Miss 

J.  561.     R.  303. 

T.  110.  W.R.83 
Holroyd,J.534.   S. 

L.  649 
Holsworth,  W.  305 
Holt,  W.  F.  327 
Holwortby,H.A.537 
Homan,  J.  535 
Home,  A.  566.    H. 

J.  426 
Homersharo,  S.  C. 

306 
Homrigh,  A.  G.  V. 

330 
Hood,A.678.  Capt. 

G.  677.    Col.  H. 

A.  N.  423.    F.  F. 

560.    M.  S.  649 
Hoof,  T.  452 
Hook,  C.  106.    J. 

L.  216 
Hooley,  E,  673 
Hooper,  C.  E.  650. 

D.678.  E.H.63B. 

H.A.538.  R.H. 

85 
Hope,  A.  C.  647. 

J.  328.    Lady  M. 

425.    Rear-Adm. 

H.  535 


Hoper,  Mrs.  E.  217 
Hopkinson,  J.  557 
Hopper,  E.  650.   S. 

E.304.  W.C.330 
Here,  Major,  J.  R. 

565 
Horley,E.329.  W. 

675 
Hornby,  Capt.  G.T, 

P.  650.     Comm. 

G.  T.  P.  84.     E. 

108.  L.425.  Mrs. 

C.  536 
Horncastle,  M.  451 
Home,  E.    E.536. 

G.  87.   R.H.  194 
Horner,  A.  454 
Hornidge,A.W.426 
Horsford,  Sir  R.  83 
Horsley,  E.  108 
Horstman,  J.  335 
Horton,Capt.J.222. 

E.84.   F.  E.678. 

Mrs.  S.  561 
Horwoud,  E.  R.  650 
Hosken,  C.  E.  193 
Hoskins,  F.  329 
floste,  J.  R.  P.  424 
Hotchkys,C.H.426 
Houchen,  B.  193 
Hough,  L.  565 
Houghton,  G.  450. 

P.  M.  455,  461 
Houlditcb,  E.  424 
HouldBworth,H.H. 

329 
Houlton,  J.  222 
How,  A.  564 
Howard,  C.  217.  E. 

451.     H.  F.  645. 

Hon.  W.  303.   J. 

823.  Lady  L.425. 

Mrs.  3S9.     Mrs. 

P.H.425.  P.335 
Howat9on,\V.C.83 
Howe,  H.  £.  427. 

H.  G.  559 
Howell,  E.  B.  814. 

G.  107.     H.  453. 

Mrs.  332 
Howells,  E.  535 
Howes,  T.  672 
Howorthy,J.M.304 
How9e,J.H.M.679 
Howson,    G.     815. 

Mrs.  J.  S.  193 
Hubbersty,  Mrs.  N. 

Ill 
Hudson,  Capt.  G.J. 

647.    H.  567.   J. 

231,484,455 
Huffam,  M.  107 
Huges4en,E.H.K. 

86 
Hughes,  A.  M.  563. 


703 

Capt.  G.  F.  454. 

E.  J.  R.  558.  E. 
O.  535.  H.  649. 
H.  R.  649.  J.  87. 
Major  R.  G. 

M.  S.  H.305.   R. 

565.    W.  84.   W. 

C.86.   W.H.303 
Hulbert,  J.  332 
HuUock,  Lady,  106 
Hulme,  F.  H.  105 
Humble,  Dr.  W.  E. 

536 
Hume,A.647.  Capt. 

H.83.  Dr.T.D.83 
Humphreys,  C.  O. 

537.    W.427 
Humphry,  W.  G.  86 
Hungate,U.N.812 
Hunt, E.G. 426.  G. 

558.    M.  A.  650. 

Mrs.  H.  E.  647. 

R.  S.  84.    S.  637. 

W.333 
Hunter,  Capt.  R.F. 

645.      Capt.    T. 

563.     C.  A.  536. 

F.  E.  648.  Lady, 
85.     R.  650 

Huntingdon,  C.  216 
Huntington, G.  484. 

J.  H.  388 
Huntingtower, 

Lady,  193 
Hurles,  J.  329 
Hurrell,  M.  648 
Hurst,  A.  327 
Hurt,  C.  1 1 1 .  C.  I. 

196.    J.  F.  190, 

484.     V.  85 
Huskisson,  E.  563 
Hutchinson,  A.  A. 

388.     A.  V.  888. 

Hon.J.W.H.198. 

J.  559,672.  J.  A. 

C.  305.    M.  074. 

R.  B.  388 
Hutchl8on,A.K.334 
Hutton,  E.  195.   F. 

W.  194 
Huve,  M.  108 
Hyde,  A.  86.    E.8. 

426.     F.  C.  803. 

J.T.  561.    Mrs. 

F.  C.  425 
Ibbetson,  Capt.  P. 

J.  333 
Iggulden,  D.  448 
Uderton,  A.  107 
Impey,  A.  L.  888. 

H.  G.  672 
Imrie,  M.  M.  563 
Ince,  W.  564 
Inchbald,  Rct.  536 
Inge,  A.  C.  673 


1^' 

m 


11 


704 

Ingelow,  S.  49G 
liigle,F.5C0.  \V.109 
IngUs,  1).  450.     F. 

M.I 08.  Lt.P.32D 
Ingpen,  E.  425 
Ingram,  A.  10.9.   L. 

19b'.  Mrs.CW.Bo 
]niDan,E.H7.  J.  106 
InneSyA.M.  195.  J. 

.J06.    S.  109 
luiiides,  C.  216 
lrby,Ilon.A.M.426 
Irt'land,  Mrs.  678 
1  renioiiger,  M  re.425. 

Mrs.  \V.  193 
Irviii,  E.  87 
Irvine,  D.  3:52.     G. 

M.  d'Arcy,   424. 

W.  303 
Irving,  C  674 
Isaac,  W.  196 
Jack,  D.  217 
Jack  man,  \V.  303, 

677 
Jackson,    A.     563. 

Col.J.562.  (Ml. 

M.  83.     E.  306. 

F.674.  F.C.303. 

J.  424,  450.      R. 

W.  649.  T.  67.'» 
Jacob, (t. A. 536.  J. 

561.  Mrs.Col.536 
Jacobs,  E.  676.    S. 

563 
Jacumb,  E.I).  450. 

J.  I),  no.  T.  195 
James,  C.  558.    1). 

424.    K.  107, 217. 

E.11.  «4.   J.  646. 

J.  A.  426.    Ll.  C. 

M.  W.  194,     Lf. 

W.  221.   \V.  193. 

W.E.536.  NV.U. 

193.     \V.  M.  83, 

192.     NV.  S.  211 
Janson,  C.  4J() 
Jarmain,  (,'.  418 
J  arm  H II,  E.  A.  426. 

L.  333 
Jarvis,E.K.:2l.  G. 

215 
Jay,  \V.  J.  81 
Jearrad,  E.  106 
Jee,  R.  452 
Jefferies  F.T.  567 
Jefferv, 11.561.  Miss 

H.  329 
Ji'ffrey?,  11.425 
Jeir>,  R.  678 
Jckcn,  E.  222 
Jekyll,  S.  C.C.  561 
JeH,  J.(;79 
Jcllett,  11.  193 
Jellicoe,  Mrs.  F.  G. 
:.36 


Inde:c  to  Namea 


Jenkins,  F.425.  G. 

84.    J.  676.    Lt. 

R.  645.     R.  563. 

S.  331 
Jenkinson,  J.H.I  95 
Jeiikyn,  J.  646 
Jenkyns,  C.  53.*i 
Jenner,  J.  106 
Jeny ns, C.  F.  G.  646 
Jerrard,  J.  H.  453. 

M.  332 
Jervois,  C.  A.  650. 

Maj.-Gen.\V.645. 

S.  T,  II.  303 
Je8Sopp,E.J.E.538. 

II.  1).  194 
Jeston,  R.  G.  537 
Jewry,  L.  648 
Jobling,  Capt.  216 
Jocelyn,  Vise.  423 
Joh:i,E.  108 
Johhcs,  E.  109 
Johnson,    A.    305, 

330.  E.  334.449. 

T.F.564.  W.  109. 

W.  F.561.   A.L. 

451.     A.  T.  649. 

C.538.    Major  J. 

106.     P.  647 
Jolinstoue,  Capt.  J. 

218.    Capt.  W.J. 

II.  645 
JoUiffe,  E.  A.  195. 

Mrs.  \^'.  P.  85 
Jolly*-,  I!.  535 
Joly,  F.  449 
Jones,  C.  675.     C. 

W.  425.    E.  426. 

F.  427,647.     F. 

G. 106.     H.  328. 

J.  331,    559.     J. 

C.450.  J.H.194. 

J.  II.\V.45J.    J. 

O.  B..3n4.    J.W. 

452.   I..  561.  U.- 

Col.   ^1,      L.  F. 

560.     Lt.C;.  333. 

M.2l9,330..Major 

J.  W.  K\.     Mrs. 

F.  561.     R.  214. 

R.  W.  L.  .'i59.  T. 

452,453.   W.107. 

W.  li.  19;t,   4.>0. 

W.R.  110.  Z.  106 
Jordan,  J.  K.  427 
Joseph,   E.  C.  3(11. 

8.  J.  675 
Jourdan,  E.  218 
Joy,  E.  A.  678 
Joyce,  0.  331 
Jubb.  S.  E.  650 
Justice,  \V.  427 
Kain,  JVlrs.  J.  677 
Kalev,  J.  220 
Kalley,  R.  R.  196 


Kavanagh,  C.  451 
Kay,  J.  L.  427 
Kaye,  Lady  C.  L. 

425.  Mrs.  £.646 
Keating,  F.  87 
Keatinge,Ven.  M.J. 

303 
Kebbel,  W.H.I  OR 
Keddlc,  C.  A.  647 
Keeling,  R.  E.  676 
Keen,  J.  304,   Mrs. 

M.331 
Keep,  A.  H.  538 
Keightley,  M.  563 
Kekewicb,  Mrs.  T. 

193 
Kelham,Lt.H.316 
Kelly,  C.  192.     T. 

83' 
Kelson, Major  C.302 
Kempton,  J.  333 
Kennard,  H.J.  537 
Kennedy,  Lady  G. 

425.  Lt.J.P.645. 

Mrs.  S.I  10.     R. 

M.  303 
Kensington,  C.  SI 6 
Kent,  A.  303,  535. 

C.  329.     M.  566 
Keogh,  G.  P.  306. 

W.  192,  535 
Keppel,  A.  A.  218 
Ker,  Mrs.  B.  566 
Kerr,   C.   M.    106. 

Lady  F.  85 
Kerry,  C'tess  of  304 
Kershaw,  C.  565 
Ker8tcroan,T.  677 
Kevill,  F.  218 
Kewley,  J.  W.  536 
Key,  T.  lo6 
Keynicr,  C.  E.  538 
Khan,  Mohammed 

220 
Kihiarc,    Marchio- 
ness of  193 
Killeen,  Lord  192 
Kilaringtoii,  M.22I 
Kindersley,    K.    E. 

561.     Mr?.  E.  L. 

125.   N.E.B.87. 

Vice  -  Chancellor 

83 
King,  C.  109.  672. 

E.  221,537,648. 

E.E.109.  F.424. 

G.677.  J.L.673. 

J.  330.    J.H.W. 

196.  M.  562, 673. 

P.  673 
Kingdon,    M.  678. 

T.  H.  328 
Kingsley,  J.  £61 
Kinsey,  M.  046 
Kirawiii,Mr9.M.339 


Kirby,  G.   F.   674 

H.  221 
Kirkaldy,E.D.U.45l 
Kirknaan,  J.  536 
Kirkpatrick,S.E.E, 

86 
Kirsupp,  J.  F.  448 
Kirwan,    Cape.   R. 

221.      H.84 
Kit  son,  S.  A.  566 
Kittermaster,  H.  F. 

J.  672 
Kittoe,MajorM.  Gl6 
Knapp,  J.  G.  F.  H. 

424.     R.  219 
Knatchbull,A.J.332 
Knight,  Capt.  B.  J. 

536.    E.  105.    F. 

\V.  83.     G.  .ib'l. 

11.449.     M.673. 

M.  F.  107.    Mrs. 

E.  454.     P.  107. 

\V.  84 
Knollys,  Col.  W.  T. 

423 
Knott,  T.  110.    T. 

li.  674 
Knowldeii,M..\.l05 
Knowles  J.  334,647 
Knowlin?,  G.  193 
Knox,  Capt.  B.  643. 

C.  C.  452.    C.  H. 

534.     J.   C.  537. 

Major  T.  £.  303. 

T.  P.  303 
Koisulh,    Madame 

223 
KyKn,J.  H.  42(i 
Kyle,  R.  S.-il 
Kyrle,  W.  M.  302 
Labarte,  K.  558 
Lacaita,  M.  C.  674 
Lacon,  Mr§.  85 
Lacy,  C.  C.  87.    E. 

H.  674 
Lnidlaw,  M.  A.  86 
Laidlay,  M.  196 
Laing,'  K.   S.    305. 

M.  452.     Mrs.  S. 

425.  P.  217 
Lake,  R.  B.  334 
l^mb,  A.  427.  Mrs. 

T.  D.  329 
Lambert,  U.  W.107. 

11.674.     R.423 
Lambrick,  H.  454 
Lam  pet,  R.  565 
LaNanze,  T.  214 
Lancaster,  W.  645 
Lancey,  T.  649 
Landale,  R.  196 
Landon,  J.  194 
Lane,  A.  E.  217.    J. 

II.  537.     M.   U. 

195.    T.  334 


^ 


Index  to  Names. 


705 


Lang,  C.  195.    G. 

H.  196 
Langford,  S.  F.  450 
Langley,  T.  QAS 
Langmore,  R.A.llO 
Langton,    A.    4S6. 

E.  425 
Lanphier,  M.L.  217 
Larcora,  MajorT.A. 

303 
Larpent,  C.  C.  4i^6 
Lascelles,  Hon.  £. 

W.83.    I.E.  110 
Last,  C.  J.  85 
Lateward,  T.  21G 
Latey,  S.  449 
Laurence  P.  G49 
Laveletti,  E.  196 
Law,  A.  W.  S.  333. 

C.J.454.  J.A.561 
LawTord,  A.  85.   L. 

B.  427 
Lawley,  Hon.  R.  N. 

87, 194 
Lawrance,  A,  675 
Lawrell,  J.  GAd 
Lawrence,   C.  331. 

C.  P.  650.  \V.45'i 
Lawsoii,  E.  M.  106. 

J.  219.  L.S.  562 
Lax,  G.  332 
Laycock,  W.  424, 

535 
Leach,  A.  33J.  J. 

W.  105 
Leadbetter,Mrs.563 
Leadbitter,Mr.  i09 
Leathes,  H.  E.  213 
Leche,  J.  H.  302 
Leckie,  P.  C.  537 
L»jdger,  E.  537 
Lee,  A.  B.  560.     E. 

674.    H.  222.   R. 

560.     W.  645 
Leefe,  H.   566.     J. 

21!) 
LepKe,A.  154.   Mr. 

303 
Leeky,  J.  215 
Leese,  J.  V.  221 
Leete,  H.  564 
Leggatt,  R.  S.  561 
Legse,M.  T.  216 
Leigh,  C.  557.     C. 

B.   87.      F.  563. 

H.221.  Lady  647- 

T.  306.     T.  E.  B. 

W.  B.  650 
Leighton,   F.  Lady 

221 
Leiih,  M.  A.  219 
LeMarchant,\V.H. 

424 
L€'Mesurier,E.223. 

R.  A.  678 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol 


Lempri^re,  E.  650. 

L.  M.  108 
Leonard,  J.  647.  T. 

196 
Leschallas,  Mr.  Ill 
Le  Seuer,  P.  330 
Leslie,  Dr.  P.  220. 

Mrs.  W.  646 
Lestourgeon,  C.  449 
L'Est range,  G.  192. 

S. M.  656 
Lever,  H.  C.  650 
Levett,  R.  B.  535 
Levien,  R.  538 
Levy,  E.  334 
Lewin,  R.  K.  563 
Lewis,  A.  562.     G. 

B.   195.     J.  223, 

558.     R.  \V. 304. 

W.  P.  558.     W. 

W.  423 
Lews,  S.  673 
Ley,  C. 566.     J. 538 
Lichfield,  G.  A.  647 
Liddell,F.649.    H. 

G.  196 
Liddon,  M.  219 
Light,  W.  679 
Lighlfoot,J.P.  193 
LiUey,  E.    109.     J. 

A.  567 
Lillington,  H.  567. 

M.  105 
Lincoln,  J.  Bp.  of, 

646 
Lindgren,  M.  107 
Lindley,  H.  C.  427. 

S.  650 
Lind8av,LadyF.536 
Lindsei),  M.451 
Lingen,  H.  558.  R. 

R.  W.  195 
Lingham,  T.  J.  455 
Linton,  L.  674 
Lipscomb,    F.     84. 

M.  564 
Lisboa, Marquess  of, 

216 
Lisburne,Earlof648 
Lister,  M.  450.    T. 

H.  305 
Litchfield,  F.  195 
Litle,  G.  A.  M.  303, 

538.     J.  S.  196 
Little,  J.  565.     L. 

S.648 
Littiedale,  H.  302 
Littleton,  Hon.  £. 

R.  192 
Littlewood,  H.  448 
Livesey,  J.302 
Lloyd,  E.  195.    H. 

303.  MajorH.423. 

O.  W.  648.    T. 

306 
XXXIX. 


LIuellyn,MaJ.>Gen. 

R.  192 
Lock,  C.  S.  424.  Lt. 

J.  E.  329 
Locke,  J.  676.  Mrs. 

451,564 
Lockhart,  C.  S.  217 
Lockton,  T.  557 
Loder,   J.   F.  674. 

W.  P.  220 
Lodwick,  R.W.  425 
Logan,  M. H.  536 
Logie,  Dr.  C.  G.  83 
Loinsworth,  A.  104 
Lorn  as,  J.  562 
Lomax,  J.  567 
Lombe,  Mrs.  £.332 
Lomer,  S.  566 
Londeaborougb, 

Lady,  647 
Londonderry,Marq. 

of,  302 
Long,  F.  H.  650.  J. 

83.     R.  562 
Longe,  R.  B.  426 
Longmore,   M.    A. 

S.  87 
Lonsdale,  J.  J.  306, 

427 
Lopes,  Mrs.  R.L.85 
Lord,  M.  A.  306 
Loughlln,J.W.536 
Louis,  Lt.-Cul.  M. 

672 
Lovegrove,  E.  1 10 
Lovesy,  J.  W.564 
Low,  M.  A.  W.  427 
Lowcay,  R.  562 
Lowdell,  G.  455 
Lowe,    C.  B.    646. 

E.  105,  566.  Mr. 

)92.    R.  192 
Lowndes,    A.   220. 

Mrs.   R.  S.  304. 

R.  W.  334 
Lowry,  T.  214 
Lowson,  N.  332 
Lowtb,  W.  214 
Loyd,  T.  332 
Luard,  O.  647 
Luby,  F.  M.  304 
Lucas,  J.  214.  Mrs. 

453.  Mrs.  C. 453. 

S.  223,  331 
Ludrurd,F.M.N.562 
Ludlow,  T.  B.  535 
Luniley,Capt.J.220 
Lumsdaine»  E.  L.S. 

676 
Lush,  W.  672 
Lushington,Mrs.E. 

L.  304.  S.  G.  450 
Luxmore,  L.  221 
Lyall,  A.  193.  Mrs. 

C.  646.    ReT.  84 


Lydekker,  Mrs.  G, 

W.  646 
Lye,  G.  L.  650 
Lyne,  Miss  M.  562 
Lynes,  J.  535 
Lyon,  F.  424.     J. 

L.  S.  676 
Lyons,  A.  448.    J. 

193 
Lys,  Capt.   G.   M. 

192 
Lysaght,  T.  H.  649 
Lyster,  Lt.  W.  D. 

329.     P.  561 
M'Adam,  J.  454 
M'Calmont,  S.  306 
MacCarthy,   W.  J. 

427 
M<Causland,  R.  B. 

192 
M'Christie,  F.  454 
M<Clelland,Mrs.566 
MacCoy,    M.    674. 

Mrs.  D.  563 
McCuUoch,  J.  453. 

S.  451 
Macdonald,  A.  218. 

A.  C.  649.  Capt. 

J.  645.    J.  217 
MacDonnell,  J.  C. 

649 
Macdougall,  Sir  D* 

535 
M'Dowall,  S.  220 
Maefarlane,  M.  D. 

650 
MacGregor,  Mrs.  J. 

304 
M«Heifey,R.A.42i 
Machin,  J.  V.  195 
Macbon,  J.  455 
M'Innes,  J.  333 
Mackarnesi,  H.  S. 

304 
Mack  ay,    J.     304. 

Mrs.  E.  563 
McKay,  J.  S.  560. 

M.  424 
MacKay,  R.  672 
M'Ke]lar,E.C.537 
M'Kenna,  H.671 
Mackenzie,  H.  560. 

J. 426.    S.  564 
M<Kerlie,P.H.336 
Mackie,  J.M.  453 
Mackiunon,  Mrs.  A. 

85 
M'Kittrick,  A.   E. 

637 
MackwoKb,W.425 
Maclaurin,    A.  M. 

329.     H.  329 
Maclean,  A.  J.  646. 

D.  335.  P.P. 650 
Maeleay,  K.  194 

4  X 


706 

Maclcod,   Lt.-Gen. 

C.  423 
MacLeod,  Miss  ^21 
McMahoii,F.M.2l7 
M'Murdo,  104 
MsMurra>,A.J,2'Ji 
Maciiamara,T.B.U4 
McNeece,  Dr.  494 
M*Pherscm,Lt.-(;ol. 
V.  83.     L.  E.  Cro 
M'^ueen,  A.  67B 
Mact|aeeii,  J.  45:i 
MacRae,     J.     331. 

K.  45  J 
Macreailv,Mrs.56u. 

W.  F.  S.  i35 
Mad  an,  F.  304 
Maddison,  F.  o(il 
MAd(lock,A.)1.33.' 
Mad..cks  H.A.5C)4 
Madox,  A.  53b' 
Ma^ciiU.J.  B.  (j'K) 
Maher,  M.  P.  503 
Maliony,  P.  450 
MaidstoiH'.Viec'tess 

If  13 
Maitlaiid,A.C.333. 

C.  \V.  56"G 
Makepeace, G.  677 
Mallion,  \V.  IS)4 
Malcolm,  Maj.(i.8(> 
Maldfn,    F.    C.    F. 

HG.  M.  F.  \V.H5. 

Vi<c.  427 
Mallard,  P.  450 
Malh't,  C.  427 
xMallock,  H.  333 
Malthy,  Mn.H.2Ijj 
Manby,  J.  G75 
Manchester,  Up.  uf 

S.  S.  dan.  of  305 
Mander,  K.  10.0 
Mai)<:lc.<i,  M.  A.  5(j(j 
Manifold,  W.R.  2 k; 
Manin<;ford,    J.    S. 

452 
xManltv,  F.  A.  427. 

(i.  -1:0 
Mann,  F.  \V.  -Ub. 

K.  \i):i 
Manners,    E.    50' 1. 

H.  222 
Manners    Sutton, 

lion.    J.    II.    T. 

423.     J.  II.  049 
.Manninff,    A.  05O. 

Mr*.  073 
Mans('ri;li,  Majur.I. 

S.  535 
Man^fn.'ld,C:.454 
Manson,  F.  U.  454 
Mansse,  L.  44.'l 
Mapei,  Dr.  072 
Marcbant,T.B.  07f/ 
Marcuiy  M.  315 


Indeji'  to  Names. 


Marpetts,  F.  F.  C. 

649.  F.T.646,649 
Marjuribanks,  D.C. 

043.     J.  332 
Markham,  1).F.558 
Murk  land,  E.J.  3U5. 

M.  504 
Marlborongh,    Du- 

cbess  of  530 
Marmion,K.VV.  535 
M arris,  J.  G.  675 
Marfack,  B.  300 
Marsden,  J.  L.  196 
Marsb,J.22I.  R.W. 

B.  536 
Mar>han,    C.   300. 

M.    S.   W.    420. 
Mrs.  217.  S.564. 
W.  84 
MurshamX'.W.lll. 
UdyC.OJf).  Mrs. 

C.  194 
Marston,  C.  1).  304 
]^larler,  W.  505 
Martin,  Capt.G.  B. 

192.  Oftpt.  H.B. 

303.  G.  110,040. 

Mr.J.83.  U.I09. 

S..I.  K.  4-19.    W. 

217 
M«kew,T.  R.047 
Mason,  J.  305.     J. 

F.073.  .1.11.215. 

M. A.  3.13.  0.420 
Ma-sey,  D.  215.    F. 

500 
Master,  E.  454 
Mather,     A.      1 95. 

Mr^.  T.T.  076 
Mathc.'scin,  W.  .{;J4 
Mathew,  L.  F.  329. 

M.  217 
M.ithewsR.W.riOl 
Mathius  J.  A.  19-{, 

303.     M.  .'01 
Matthew,  Mrs.  11. 

C.  85.    T.  P.449 
Matthi'ws,  E.   194. 

J.  193,  32«,  077. 

M.  A.  503.     \V. 

304 
Matterson,  W.  675 
Maturin,  \V.  S.  84 
Maud,  M.  J.  HG 
Mande,Capt.F.530. 

C.  W.  80 
Muudslay,  II.  451 
Maudson,\V.  T.  535 
Maul.-,  Hon. L.42.{. 

Lt.-Col.  lion.  L. 

Ip2 
Maurice,  W.  loy 
Mawhinny,T.  300 
Maxwell,  C.  84,535. 

H.332 


May,  J.  S.  648.  Lt. 
P.W.330.  T.H. 
331 
Mayhew,  L.  L.  530 
Mayle,  J.  304 
Mavne,  W.  H.  109 
Mayo,  J.M.  306,427 
Meade.  A.  L.  564. 

J.  645.    ReY.  193 
Meadows,   D.  196. 

E.676.  G.D.675 
Mearns,  M.  647 
Mears,  C.  S93 
Medhurst.C.G.VV. 

391.    Mrs.  F.  M. 

647 
Medley,  A.  C.  538 
Meek,  E.  H.  453 
Meeson,E.674.   L. 

420.     M.  318 
Mes^y,  J.  3U5 
Melhado,  J.  335 
Melland,\V.303,434 
Mellor.MrR.  A.  193 
Mends,Maj(irll.534 
Menzie*,  W.  193 
Meredith,  1).  .328 
Mereweiher,  F.  L. 

S.  302 
Merilees  W.  333 
MesMiin,T.Y.536 
Metcalf,  R.  333 
Metcalfe,  A.R.  218. 

E.  A.  219.    Mrs. 

H.  C. 85 
Methold,  T.  558 
Methuen,II.U.427, 

047.   Hon.  L.  P. 

5G0.     Lady  536. 

M.  M.  C.  331 
Meux,  E.  427 
Mews,  J.  425 
Meyler,  Misii   427. 

T.  215 
Mevrick.L.K.  110. 

Lt    Gen.  G.  672 
MiaU,G.G.424.  R. 

218 
Michele,  E.  218 
Michell,  MrF.  C  C. 

221 
Middleton,  C.  426. 

Rt.  Hon.  J.  Lady 

218 
Miers,  R.  H.  302 
Mieville,  O.  L.  218 
Milbank,  F.  A.  302 
Milbourn,  P.  073 
Mildmay,  Lady  640. 

Mrs.  A.  St.  J.  H5 
Miles,  Capt.  C.  W. 

649.     W.  564 
Millar,  M.  448 
Miller,      C.      426. 

Comm.  T.  84.  £. 


H.  SIB.  G.  562 
J.  106,  677.  M 
A.  449.  M.  0 
674.    S.  329.    S 

A.  233 
Milles,  M.  A.  561 
Millet t,  E.  643 
Millman,  H.  P.  67 
Milliier,  T.  D.  303 

536 
Miliie,Capl.A.l9l 

Mr4.  Capt.  536 
Milner,J.84.  BJ.P 

I.  334 
Milton,  A.  30b 
MiiiRiii,  R.  lOB 
Miiichiii,  Lt.  F.o5! 
Mines,  W.  679 
Minnett,J.C.V.53: 
Mitchell,  Htfn.H.£ 

648.    Mrf.D.\V, 

221 
Motfat,Ca)it.R.433 

C.  H.563.  E..30 
AluleswuribfSirW 

191,  192 
Molineua,   C.   42ti 

W.  H.  85 
Mullacly,  M.  A.  53 
Muller,  C.  S.  537 
Molyiipux,  Capt.  C 

B.  193 
Monckton,  E.  4i\ 

Hun.   E.  G.   19^ 
J.  450 
Moncreiff,  J.  Vj\ 
Monday.  S.  195 
Monins,  W.  645 
Monro,  Ur.  J.  42J 

S.V.  H.(J73 
Moniell,   J.    S.    E 

.535.     W.  192 
Monta|ru,  A.  302 
Muiiteatli,A.n.45 
MontsunuTv,  Cap 
L.L.  I92'E.  19^ 
L.  563.     R.  30: 
R.  T.  334 
Montresor,  Lt.-Co 

A.  42,1 
Moody,  C.  535 
Moon,  J.  679 
Moor,  J.  H.  C.  5&i 

S.  675 
Moore,  A.  C.  67 
C.A.  562.  C.I 
305.  C;.  R.  33 
E.  1U9.  J.  A.  32 
L.  G.  675.  h 
108.  Mafor  V 
450.  R.  W.  19 
S.M.87-  T.  10 
T.  B.  G.  .303 
Moorman,  L.  A 
M.  306 


Itutex  to  Names* 


Moorsoiu,  f.  S.  649 
Moran,  E.  R.   104. 

J.  H.  536 
Mordau  lit,  Lady  650. 

M.    A.    C.    306. 

Mrs.  453 
Morell,  J.  R.  537 
Morpan,C.567.   E. 

67!^.     F.  104.    J. 

1).   535.     Lt.  T. 

560.  M.  648.  Mra. 

W.A.109.  S.M. 

306 
Morison,  A.W.  218. 

G.  84.   H.E.649. 

M.  W.  449 
Morisset,    Lt.-Col. 

328 
Morland,  T.  105 
Morley,  I.  647 
MorreIl,J.302.  Mrs. 

564 
Morrice,  W.  D.  84 
Morris,  C.  427.    E. 

no.     E.  P.  107. 

W.  449 
Morrison,  CM.  329. 

S.  E.  331 
Morse,  Capt.  C.  H. 

426.    E.333.    H. 

L.  86.     T.  217 
Mortimer,  T.  11.563 
Moseley,  J.  107 
Moser,  R.  454 
Mosley,  C.  S.  662 
Mossop,  C.  424 
Mostyii,  J.  W.  303. 

T.  A.  B.  302 
Mott,  F.  W.  218 
Mouiitaicue,  J.  675 
Mouiitford,J.B.679 
Mountfurt,  M.  106 
Mountiiiorres,  Lord 

Vise.  303 
xVIouIsey,  W.  E.  221 
Moxon,  W.  C.  193 
Moyle,  W.  M.  105 
Mozer,  A.  M.  675 
Mudd,  M.J.E.4'i5 
Mules,  H.  C.  191 
Mulgrave,   Earl    of 

192 
Muller,  M.  193 
Mullins,  S.  567 
Munca<)ter,R(.Hon. 

F.  C.  Lady  332 
Muiiday,  R.  M.  83 
Mungearo,  G.  672 
Mil  nil,   G.   S.   426. 

W.  A.  86 
Munro,  0.648.    M. 

218.    W.S.J.  H. 

649 
Muiisev,  H.  450 
Murley,  E,  30(» 


Murphy,  H.  424 
Murray,     A.     450. 

Capt.  Hon.  P.  O. 

87.     Capt.  J.  D. 

83.  E.222.  E.J. 

427.    Hon.  A.M. 

423.     Hon.  C.  A. 

302.  Hon.H.423. 

H.  C.  85.     Hon. 

Mrs.  S.  647.  Ma- 
jor S.H.  303.    R. 

671 
Murton,J.\V.  328 
Musgrave,  Mrs.  W. 

P.  425 
Mussabini,  P.  85 
Mynors,  C.  S.  675 
Mytlon,  S.  H.  453 
Nairn,  C.  .M.  649 
Nalder,  Miss,  65 
Nance,  A.  222.     J. 

557 
Nankivell,M.F.648 
Napier,  Miss  C.  195 
Nasb,  E.  558.   E.J. 

328.    G.  454.  M. 

85.     R.  330 
Nasmytb,  A.  O.  566 
Nason,  R.  566 
Nay  lor,  .1.302 
Neale,Dr.537.    Lt. 

A.216.  W.H.646 
Neeld,  Mrs.  J.  425 
Neely,  A.  C.  646 
Negus,  N.  332 
Nelld,  A.648 
Nelson,  M.a7,  196, 

.566 
Nesbitt.J.  221 
Nevile,  C.  303 
Nevill,  Miss  G.  678 
Neville,      Visc'less, 

425 
Nevinson,  E.  561 
Newark,    Visc'tess, 

425,  536 
Newbery,  Lt.T.C. 

560.     Mrs.  329 
Newcastle,  Duke  of 

191 
Newell,  P.  649 
Newenbam,  A.  334 
Newington,  E.  329 
Newland,    H.   .303. 

W.  C.  676 
Newnaan,    J.    3U4. 

R.W.87.  T.454. 

W.  J.  334 
Newnbam,  J.  G.  C. 

L.  83.     5. 109 
Newton,  F.  562.  G. 

W.452.  J.  304 
Niblett,  E.  H.  303 
Nicholas,    J.    424. 

M.450 


NicboU,     A.     220. 

M.306 
Nichols,  Miss  A.  S. 

455 
Nicholson,  E.  559. 

J.  219,  427 
Nicul,  J.  424 
Nicolas,  W.  G.  83 
Nicolay,  Capt.T.  F. 

559 
NicoU,  E.  679.    J. 

449 
Nicolson,  Dowager 

Lady,  451 
Nlbill,  W.  85 
Nisbett,  J.  334 
Niven,  J.  85 
Nixon,  C.  560.     T. 

673 
Nodder,  Mrs.  332 
Nodes,  C.  E.  450 
Noel,    C.  302.     E. 

W.   648.     F.  M. 

559.     Hon.  Mrs. 

H.  425 
Nooth,  C.  A.  648 
Norcock,  J.  563 
Norfolk,DukeoM92 
Norman,     A.     87. 

(  omm.  C.  S.  85. 

J.333.  M.0.535 
NorreyB,  Lord,  84 
Norris,  E.  108.     J- 

333.     J.  E.  427. 

T.  196 
Northcote,    A.    H. 

535.    H.  M.  535. 

Mrs.  H.  M.  425 
Northumberland, 

Duke  of,  302 
Norton,  E.  216.  M. 

331.  T.  86 
Noton,  E.  105 
Nultle,  E.  677 
Nourse,   W.  E.  C. 

53B 
No  well,  P.  449.    T. 

W.  424 
Noyes,  C.  E.  109 
Nugent,  N.  87 
Nutt,  G.   M.  216. 

T.  328 
Oakeley,  G.  H.  87 
Oakei,  J.  H.  P.  84. 

W.  195 
Oakley,  S.  107.    T. 

672 
Gates,  I.  M.  86.  J. 

196 
Obert,  C.  A.  C.  304 
Obint,  H.  G.  305 
O'Brien,  H.  192.  S. 

217.    Lt.-Col.  T. 

534.     M.  674 
O'B7rne,Major,560 


707 

O'Callaghan,  H.  C. 

D.  85.    R.  303 
O'Connor,  Major  L. 

S.  423 
Ogilvie,  K.  331 
O'Halloran,  Major 

H.  D.  302 
O'HIgglns,  W.  221 
Oldfield,  E.  86.    J. 

329 
Oldham,  C.  W.  427 
Oldmixon,  H.  217. 

W.  H.  424 
Oldnall,  E.  M.  650 
O'Leary,  J.  193 
Oliver,  T.  675 
O'Neill^  C.  448 
Onley,   Mrs.  O.  S. 

425     , 
Onslow,     M.    424. 

W.  L.  646 
Openshaw,  T.  646 
Ord,  H.  1.  J.  649 
O'Reilly,  M.  A.  106 
Ori,  L.  I.  H.  674 
Orman,  C.  E.  426 
Orme,  F.  D.  83.  Lt. 

T.  216 
Ormerod,  A.  S.  303. 

E.  L.  649.    S.  A. 
427 

Ormond,  Marq.  of, 

192 
Orr,  J.  84 
Orton,  H.  M.  536 
Osborn,  D.  558.  G. 

P.22i.LadyE.85 
0&borne,B.  192 
Oawell,  M.  D.  674 
Otter,  C.  192 
Ottley,  £.  675 
Ouseley,  W.  O.  423 
Outram,  T.  P.  67« 
Ovenden,  Capt.  R. 

217 
Overman,  J.  453 
Overton,  E.  F.  454. 

J.  451 
Owen,   C.  M.  534. 

F.  560.    R.  678. 
T.  C.  84 

Paeke,  T.  221 
Packman,W.  A.  H. 

559 
Paddon,  Mrs.  674 
Page,  J.  676.    J.  F. 

559.    T.  215 
Paget,LadyA.647. 

Lord,  192.  Lord 

A.  191.  Major  H. 

W.  330.  Mrs.  M. 

218 
Pain,  A.  B.  87 
Paine,  G.  198.     8. 

33S 


708 

Painter,  R.  B.  426 
Pakenham,  Hon.  H. 

303 
Paley,  Capt.  J.  6. 
108.    R.  C.  671. 
W.  ei48 
Palin,  F.  305 
Palk,  Mrs.  L.  425 
Palmer,  E.  5G0.   H. 

332.     J.  J.  427. 

Lady  L.  85.     M. 

A.  219.  Mrs.  451. 

Mrs.  R.  W.  640. 

S.  105 
Palmerstun,     Vise. 

191 
Palmes,  E.  537 
Panzera,  A.  M.  0'77 
Papillon,F.A.P.675 
Pardoe,  P.  563 
Parish,  C.  S.  P.  8i. 

Dr.  537 
Paris,  Muds.  II.  de 

IO(j 
Parke,  E.  105 
Parker,Capt.H.84. 

Capt.  T.  T.  423. 

C.T.21G.  Comni. 

G.    84.      Cumm. 

II.  84.     D.  562. 

G.  303.    II.  A.  L. 

676.     H.  T.  328. 

J.  302,  564.     J. 

T.214.  M.A.649. 

Major  E.  A.  83. 

JVfiss,   108.     Mr. 

K.    192.     M.   S. 

426.     11.  84.     S. 

450.     Vice-Ailm. 

H.  191 
Parkin,   J.    B.   85. 

M.M.647 
Parkinson,    Major. 

Gen.  E.  83.  P.  0*74 
Parkyns,  Lady,  646 
Parmenter,  J.A.I  96 
Parnell,  F.  567.    P. 

672 
Parr,  H.   306.     J. 

C.559.  J.O.  535. 

Mrs.  J.  O.   454. 

Mrs.  R.  304.  Mrs. 

T.  C.  646 
Parratt,  E.  452 
Parry,  N.  194.     W. 

II.  W.  448 
Parsons.   F.  M.  A. 

194.     L.  85 
Pariridge,M.F.3J3 

S.  110 
Pashley,  R.  536 
Pauley,  C.  645 
Patersiin.  C.  ':i7 
Patev,  Capt.  ('.  (J. 

K."k4 


Index  to  Names. 


Paton,  J.  195.    W, 

J.  426 
Patry,  E.  106 
Patterson,   A.   565. 

Mrs.  331 
Patteson,  H.  452 
Pattinson,lI.L.538 
Pattisall,  A.  M.452. 
Patiison,E.M.426 
Patton,  Dr.  A.  216 
Paul,  J.  E.  87.  Rev. 

424 
Paull,  J.  448 
Pawlelt,  J.  563 
Paxton,  E.  650 
Payne,      C.       195. 

Miss,  109 
Peach,  C.  564 
Peacock,     F.    449. 

J.  677.     R.   109. 

S.  C.  306 
Peake,  G.  196 
Pearce,  J.  107.  J. 

W.  105.  M.  L. 

566.  R.  R.  563 
Pears,  J.  328.  Mrs. 

85 
Pearsc,  Miss  A.  453 
Pearson, Hon.  Lady, 

85.     J.  454,  673. 

M.  536 
Pease,  A.  218 
PecheU.  Sir  G.  R. 

B.  192 
Peebles,  S.  A.  649 
Peel,   Capt.   A.    L. 

J. 02.    F.  192.    S. 

A.  561 
Peers,  C.  3.34 
PegR,  W.  451 
Peiriion,  A.  101) 
Pelham,LadvS.648 
Pell,  Lady,  647 
Pellew,    C.  A.    85. 

Rear.Adm.  Hon. 

Sir  F.B.R.  84,645 
Peniberton,  E.  85 
Peniell,  H.  85 
Penn,  F.  648 
Pennell,  R.  M.  108 
Penney,  G.  334 
Pennington,  J.  327. 

R.  A.  D.  R.  563 
Pennv,  C.  I96.   T. 

335 
Penrhyn,  Lady  C. 

450.     L.  649 
Penruddncke,C.650 
Perceval,  H.  303 
Percival,  C.  J.  194. 

J.  lot).  L.  M.  .304 
Percy,    A.    C.    H. 

302.     11.  424 
Percira,  I),  L.  ,>65. 

Lt.-(jen.M.L674 


Perfect,  G.  109 
Perigal,  S.  S.  105 
Pering,  L.  223 
Perrcau,  F.  K.  106 
Perrin,  M.  192 
Perring,  A.  562.   S. 

335.     S.  L.  453 
Perottet,  G.   H.  S. 

332 
Perry,    E.     A.    86. 

M.  A.  674 
Peter,  J.  215 
Peters,  J.  534 
Petersen,  VV.  193 
Peterson,  L..306 
Petheram,  A.  85 
Pettingal,  J.674 
Peyton,  A.  327 
Phelps,  P.  H.  673 
Phibbs,  K.  534 
Phiflfen,A.  561 
Philips,  E.  454.   E. 

P.  P.  218 
Phillimore,R.J.303 
Phillipps,  Capt.  H. 

83 
Phillips,  A.  E.  647. 

C.  M.86.  E.455, 

648.     J.  A.  566. 

M.454.    Mri.R. 

A.  L.  536.    Mrs. 

R.  1.425.     P.L. 

427.     R.  453 
Phillott,  Capt.  F.J. 

194  423 
Philpdt,  W.  B.  305 
Phillputt,  R.  536 
Phippen,  A.  677 
Pickering,  H.V. 84. 

Lt.   J.   334.      P. 

A.  538 
Pick8tock,T.P.453 
Pickthall,  r.  328 
Pictet,  A.  423 
Pidcock,  G.  646 
Fiercy,  G.  449 
Piesse,  C.A.J.  329 
Piggot,  J.  11.  327 
Piggolt,  J.  D.  535. 

H.  563 
Pigot,  H.  S.  84 
Pigoit,  A.  538 
Piffou,  W.  G.  330 
Pilkington,  E.  673 
Pinckney,  J.  306 
Pinhey,  E.  G.  85 
Piiihorn,  II.  108 
Pinney,  C.  561 
Pinnix,  A.  304 
Pipou,    Lt..Col.  T. 

104 
Pitman,  E.  R.  426, 

646.     n.  A.  I9.=i 
Pitt,  L.  M.  561 
Pitts,  E.  M.  648 


Place,  D.  561.    J. 

535 
Planche,  M.  A.  304 
Player,  Miss  S.  676 
Playfair,  R.  304 
Pledger,  J.  D.  363 
Plow,  H.  A.  84 
Plunnbe,Mrs.  F.223 
Plummer,  S.  87.  S. 

B.  84 
Plumptre,  C.  221 
Pluinridre,Mrs.S3ti 
Pocock,C.A.B.423. 

F.  427,  453.  J. 
T.  452 

Puhlinaii,R.W.3i3 
Poif^nand,  Miss  C. 

675 
Pole.    A.    M.    219. 

Mrs.    H.  C.    i5. 

LoLdy  A.  C.  304 
Polidori,  A.M.675 
Pollard,  G.  O.  648. 

H.  S.  193 
Pollen,  Mrs.  E.  566 
Pollexfen,Mr8.4j0 
Pollock,  A.  M.  193. 

Lady,  536.    R.J. 

678 
Poiisotihy,  Lady  M. 

85.     Major,  192. 

Major  H.  192.  T. 

C.424 
Pook,  M.  C.  108 
Poole,  G.  303.  Mrs. 

193 
Pooley,  J.  T.  334 
Pope,  S.  P.  S.  4'27 
Popbam,  F.  L.  302 
Porker,  W.  329 
Parter,C.676.  CapL 

G.  319.     E.   196. 

E.  A.  195.  F. 
219.  J-  193.  M. 
0.649.  S.M.  196 

Postlewhaite,  E.559 
Pott,  A.  536 
Potter,  E.  194.     E. 

F.  538.  R.  S.  H. 
673.  W.  193,  561 

Pountney,J.D.3i?0 
Povah,  A.  646 
Powell.C.2l7.Capt. 

H.   B.     192.     E. 

566.   J.  219.    M. 

C.  427.     Mrs.  A. 

P.  E.   536.      M. 

S.  426.  R.  T.  3ST 
Power,  E.   R.  309. 

M.  561 
Puwis,  J.  109 
Pownall,  H.W.  306 
Powney,  J.  424 
Powys,  Capf.T.  192 
Povnder,  S.  561 


"^ 


Index  to  Names* 


Poynter,  F.E.J.  85 
Pratt,   E.  453.     T. 

C.  304 
Preedy,   Comm.  G. 

W.  303 
Prentice,  vS.  221 
Prescot,  A.  J.  449 
Prescott,  E.  E.  650 
Presion,  S.  T.  193. 

Mrs.  T.  H.  4'25 
Pretlyjohn,  J.  678 
Pretyman,  W.  210 
Prevost,  J.  330 
Price,    B.  536.     C. 

561.    Capt.R.  B. 

86.  Capt.  R.  560. 

H.  107,672.    H. 

H.  193,  195.     J. 

223 
Prichard,  R.  A.  84. 

R.  W.  302 
Prideaux,     F.    649. 

Sir  E.  S.  192 
Pridham,    A.    109. 

J.D.221.Mi8s331 
Pridmore,E.M.193 
Priest,  Lt.  B.  P.  306 
Priestman,  Mrs. 452 
Prin^le,  E.  334.  G. 

109.     M.  216 
Prior,  J.  535 
Pritchard,    J.     109, 

535 
Proby,  H.  220 
Proctor,     Maj.Gen. 

H.  A.  83.  S.  560 
Prosser,  J.  424.  W. 

535,  562 
Proihcro,  T.  675 
Protheroe,  A.  330 
Pryor,J.567 
Puddicombe,  E.  M. 

195 
Pugh,  A.   537.     C. 

V.  55<j.     D.  537. 

L.  302 
Pullen,  J.  T.  449 
Pulleyne,  R.  561 
Pulling,  F.  L.  675. 

W.  535 
Pulteiiey,  R.  T.  193 
Puinfrey,  J.  107 
Purct'll,  Capt.  T.  83 
Purves,  J.  334 
Purvis,  Comm.R.84 
Purkis,  1.  216 
Pym,    E.    L.    452. 

Vice-Adm.S.  192 
Pymar,  J.  219 
Pyne,  R.  M.  449 
Pvrke,  D.  juii.  423. 

G.  215 
Quentiii,     G.    332. 

Lt.  C.  648 
Quicke,  E.  H.  85 


Rackham,R.A.535 
Radcliffe,W.A.423 
Radford,     A.    110. 

G.  K.  647 
Rae,  Dr.  Q.  329 
Raikes,  A.  537 
Rainbow,  A.J.  647. 

J.  M.  674 
Rainier,  M.  566 
Rains,  A.  222 
Ralii,  S.  674 
Ralston,  Capt.  217 
Rann,   A.   M.  563. 

Miss  C.  455 
Ramsay,  E.  219.  G. 

A. 110.  J.  305.  J. 

D.450.  S.  C.672 
Ramsden,A.C.426, 

455.  Capt.  W.  192. 

E.  S.  215.    Sir  J. 
W.  645 

Ramsen,  W.  V.  424 
Ramsbay,  J.  87 
Randal),  E.  B.  304. 

Miss  M.  331 
Ranger,  H.  673 
Rankin,  R.  R.  676 
Rannie,  H.  A.  538 
Ranson,  S.  335 
Raper,  Mrs.  VV.679 
Rashlcigh,   R.  333. 

Sir  C.  645 
Ralhbone,U.M.r)67 
Ratcliff,  H.  425 
Ration,  P.  560 
Rattray,  T.  85 
Raven,  V.  535,647. 
Ravenbill,J.R.427 
RavenscroftjMrs.A. 

W.  536 
Raw,  E.306 
Rawdon,  H.  F.  107 
Rawes,  J.  327.    W. 

F.  646 
Rawlence,G.C.  110 
Rawlins,  P.  449 
Rawling8,II.P.  330 
Rawson,  J.  218 
Rawsiorne,  M.E.85 
Ray,  E.   194,   221. 

W.452 
Raymond,  J.  427 
Raynar,J.  450 
Reade,  H.  C.  83 
Reading,  R.B.  219 
Rebow,  J.  G.  302 
Reddeli,  Capt.   M. 

333 
Reddop,  E.  427 
Redington,    Sir  T. 

192 
Reed,   B.   110.    H. 

561 
Reede,  F.  320 
Rees,  S.  327 


Reeve,  B.  454.    H. 

534 
Reeves,  E.  450.    J. 

S.  424 
Reid,  A.M.C.  I96. 

H.    S.  217.      J. 

650 
Reichel,  C.  P.  424 
Reinicker,  H.  449 
Relton,  E.  W.  303, 

535 
Rendaii,  R.  M.  306 
Rendel,  A.  M.  426 
Rennie,  M.  330 
Repton,G.  £.  110 
Reynolds,    A.   HO. 

C.  215.    Capt.C. 

S.559.  G.G.676. 

J.  648.    J.  R.87. 

M.  222 
Rhodes,  C.  HO.  D. 

560.     W.  333 
Ricardi,  J.  676 
Ricardo,  J.  L.  645. 

S.  194 
Rice,   G.    W.    423, 

562.  \V.  C.  S.  192 
Rich,  A.  305.  Capt. 

G.  F.535.  G.  108. 

M.  220 
Richards,  E.E.  110. 

E.  H.  648.    F.  J. 

424.     H.  C.  564. 

J.  A.  674.  M.  334. 

S.  S.  672 
Richardson,    C.    R. 

304.    E.  649.    J. 

424.     S.  J.   111. 

T.  675 
Richmond,    F.    A. 

195.     H.  S.  646 
Rickards,  S.  B.  453 
Rickell,C.W.  560 
Riddell,  M.  A.  194 
Ridgeway,  E.  87 
Ridley,  J.  218.     C. 

L.  674 
Riley,  R.  559 
Rish worth,  A.  194 
Risk,  J.  £.  450 
Risley,  J.  672 
Ritcher,  T.  219 
Ritherdon,E.  86 
Rivers,  Lord,  192 
River»dale,Rt.Hon. 

C.  T.  Lady,  679 
Rivinfton,  Mrs.  C. 

193 
Robarts,  A.  535 
Robbins,   Capt.  G. 

302 
Robe,  C.  P.  C.  454 
Roberdean,E.B.563 
Roberts,  A.  219.  C. 

45a.   £.451.    £• 


709 

D.  564.  H.  192. 
J.  84.  J.  L.  S. 
676 

Robertson,D.B.83. 

E.  M.  305.  F. 
E.  306.  M.  566. 
J.538,647.  S.2I9 

Robins,  C.  M.  303, 

427.     E.  673 
Robinson,  A.87,21 8. 

E.  452,  566,  675. 

E.A.219.     F.H. 

110,537.    J.  454. 

M.J. 425.    M.M. 

219.     S.  D.  451. 

W.T.  C.  451 
Robson,  fJr.W.45I. 

J.  222 
Rodney,  S.  B.  452 
Rodwell,  E.  K.  650 
Roe,  J.  676 
Roebuck,  A.  M.  H. 

D.  676 
Rogers,     A.      334. 

Comm.H.D.434. 

H.  660.     J.  567. 

J.W.G.  109.    R. 

648 
Rogers  -  Harrison, 

H.E.W.  86 
Rogerson,  W.  675 
Rhoades,  J.  P.  315 
Rhodes,  R.  451 
Rolfe,  S.  C.  H.  N. 

327 
Rolleston,  C.  C.  87 
Rolls,  A.  645 
Rolt,  J.  83.    T.  F. 

650 
Romaine,  M.  S20 
Romaiiis,  E.  562 
Rooke,  Lt.  F.  107 
Roope,  R.  305 
Roper,  J.  W.  426 
Rorifion,  M.  A.  106 
Ros,  Capt.  Hon.  D. 

C.  F.  dc  191 
Rose,   E.    104.     £. 

B.  334.    G.  425 
Rosenthall,  W.   L. 

193,424 
Ross,  A.  P.  G.  649. 

H.   194.      H.  C. 

677.    Lt.-Col,  C. 

G.  329 
Rothschild.Bar'neit 

A.  567 
Round,  J.  650 
Roundell,H.D.2l5 
Roupeli,  F.  P.  335 
Rou8,Hon.H.J.I99 
Rousby,  H.  454 
Rouse,  C.  R.  304 
Routh,  J.  562 
Rouw,  P.  110 


710 

Rowden,  E.  W.  GUi 
Rowland,  J.  50'r> 
Rowlatt,T.  P.  217 
Rowley,  W.  A.  AM 
Rowlls,  J.  335 
Rowsell,  T.  J.  r»35 
Rowson,  J.  A.  80 
Roy,  R.  K.  303.  M. 

501 
Royds,  A.  M.   1.0-1. 

J.  450 
Royse,  N.T.559 
Rudd,  Mm.  L.  450. 

P.  424 
Riidliii,  J.  W.  '222 
Rugg,  L.  4'J4 
Ruiidali,Capt.  J.H. 

Rusdeii,  G.  W.  423. 

R.  E.  1.04 
Rush,   K.45  2.     M. 

S.  2'il 
Rushbrooke,     Mrs. 

W.  H.  :i04 
Rushout,   (Japt.   G. 

534 
Russell,  A.  1.92.   E. 

0*74.    n.  M.  1.%'. 

llois.  E.   S.  iiA7. 

J.  A.  303.     L.ulv 

C.  30  4.     Lady  .f. 

.*..3(;.  Lord  J.  I. 01. 

N.J.5';j.S.A.l94 
Rust  d'Eyr,  i:.2l5 
Rutherford,  (;.  r)3l. 

L.  l.liH).   M.  lor; 
Ruthvfii,  S.  2'J3 
Rutter,  V.  330 
Ryder.   J.    ().    303. 

'Mrs.  A.  P.  GAC) 
Rvland,  J.  W.  ('.72 
Rvle,  M.iiO 
Sach,  E.  '2\(i 
Sadlcir.  .r.  I.OI.  Mr. 

1.03 
Sadler,!L50'3.,L3O4 
St.  IJar».e,  J.  1)4,0 
St.  Georgf,  Sir  r.H3 
St.    Gf  nil  a  IIS,    Enrl 

of,  1.02 
St.  John,  Go  III  111.  tl. 

(173.     J.  '124 
Sf.Maur,  Lady  U.H(» 
St.  (Juimiii,  Mrs. «."» 
Salinhnrv,  E.  E.  13. 

()4h.  March ioiit'ss 

of  53(1 
Salmon,  I).  .'>Gi.  G. 

424 
Salter,  J.  R.  .30:. 
Saltmarshe,C.E.l<)(> 
Salvin,  n.214 
Sanihorne,L.(i.53tJ. 

R.  L.  P.  0*47 
"^aiiuidu,  L.  42.'i 


Indeof  to  Names, 


Samufl,  M.  219 
SanDamiaiio,  C'tess 

Henri  di,  193 
Sandeinan,  D.    105. 

Lt.H.  104.  S.448 
Sanders,  J.  109,424 
Saiidford,    E.   42 L 

G.  13.  215 
Sandilaiid,  Mi.ns  109 
Sandys,  H.  H.  30G. 

Major-Gen. Lord, 

G45 
Saiikty,  S.  M.  450 
Sargeant,W.C.423, 

538 
Sargent,  W.St.G.84 
Saul,  £.  452 
Saunders,  A.  P.  G45. 

E.F.lph'.  Mrs.425 
Saunderson,    S.  F-. 

(.•47 
Suvile,  A.  U.0'48 
Savinon,  Mrs.  J.  I), 

G46 
Sawle,  M.  F.  E.  G. 

I9G 
Sawyer,  A,  221 
Sayers,  Lt.  C.  423 
Seaife,  S.  II.  194 
Siarth,  \V.  G.  lilH 
Schalch,  E.  (i.  427 
Schoalrs,  V.  IL  «4 
■Schuiz,  S.  E.  22i 
.^chviahe,  \V.  H.  H4 
Scotland,. L  GhO 
S.ott,     A.   K.  504. 

('.  r.  4,"ir>.     C-apt. 

r.  f'4.  Dr.  I).42(;. 

E.A.(i4(i.   H.M. 

HG.  LO.  (>10.  .1. 

221,    3i:,   f;7r;. 

.1.     H.   303.     !M. 

5(i2.     M.  S.  219. 

Mis.  (;7  I.   \V.  R. 

42f;.  \V.  S.  L.2J2 
Scov.'ll,  S.  21? 
Scratchh y.J.(.'.  (i7."> 
Scriven,  .1.  f)4."i 
Scu(t,T.  214 
Seahani,  (jord  Vi^c 

(;i:> 

Seal,C.(.;72.  E.  (M9 
Sealy,  S.  U.  If) I 
Sebrishi,  Sir  T.  G. 

S.  .302 
Scccoinhe,  A.  219 
Sedgwick,     K.     H(i. 

W.  217 
.Si'gar,  E.  217 
Sulhv,    L.  H7.     \V. 

3()2 
Sellar,  J.  A.  C47 
Seliiies,  S.  108 
Selwyn,  E.  J.  305. 

V.  M   H(;.   T.  104 


Sendall,  M.  E.  537 
Serle,  A.  335 
Set<in,    Hon.   Mrs. 

h.iG 
SeweH,G.r.73.    W. 

303 
Seymour,  A.  E.  G49. 

C.84.    G.  A.G48. 

L.  5(;2.  Lord  535 
Shackleton,    H.   J. 

535 
Sbadfurlh,  S.  80 
Shad  well,  Co  mm.  C. 

F.  A.  423.    Mrs. 

L.  047 
Sbaftu,  S.  650 
S barman,  A.  222 
Sharp,  R.  H.  452 
Sharpe,  C.  C.  84 
Shaw,    B.   A.   426*. 

Mrs.  E.  108.   W. 

W.  194 
Sheddeii,  J.  E.  107 
Sheepshanks- Uur- 

g«6s,  W.  G72 
Shelford,  E.  J.  329 
Shelley,  ,1.302 
Shephapl,    Miss  S. 

453.     S.  452 
Shepheard,    D.  M. 

T.  673 
Shepherd,   (apt.  J. 

192.  C.  P.  193. 
E.  219.  T.  677. 
W.  A.,S6 

Shcppird,  M.  676*. 

M.    E.    196.      S. 

561.     \V.  193 
Sherer,  M.  A.  674 
Sherg»>id,  E.  T.  331 
Shettlcr,    (apt.    R. 

11.  221 
Shidd,  G.  GLk     J. 

538 
Shilliii^ford,  A.424 
Shilton,  E.  674 
Shiptoii,Mrs.\V.454 
Shone,  MajorT.A.83 
Shore,  r.  K.  r)35 
Shori,  F.  449.     \V. 

108 
Shorthou^c,      Mrs. 

565 
Shorn,  J.  303 
Shurinan,  J.  A.  .327 
Shutle,  R.  303 
Shulthrworlh,  C.I). 

194.  F.  678.  Ma- 
jor A.  A.  H3 
Sibbald,  \V.  450 
Sich,Mrs.\V.T.425 
Sidebtfttoiii,  A.  M. 

648 
Sidney.  C.W.H.H. 

193.  Vi-.f.  64:» 


Siely,  T.  H.646 
Sillis,  A.  ^16 
Silver,  S.  E.  A.  538 
Simmons,  M.    lOd. 

N.  T.  565 
Simuiis,  E.  449 
Simpkiu,  G.  45o 
Simptun,    C.     563, 

677.    G.  650.    K. 
I  ID.    M.  454.  R. 

565,367.    S.675. 

T.  195.     W.  219 
Sims,  i\l..SS6.    Mrs. 

452 
Sinclair,  H.  M.  426. 

Mn.J.  A.D.454. 

R.  B.  537 
Skelton,  J.  423.  T. 

559 
Skingley,  C.  J.  560 
Skinner,  F.  J.  329 
Skipwitb,Capt.650. 

L.  87.     Sir  T.  G. 

535 
Skipwortli,    M.    P. 

215.     T.  D.  673 
Skurray,  M.  675 
Slade,  F.  W.  64.% 
Sladen,  H.  Ill 
Sladdeii,  J.  S.  304 
Sleigh,W.B.L.563 
Sliffu,  Most  Hun.  L. 

E.    F.    A.    Mar- 

rbioness  107 
Small,  A.   H.  327. 

H.A.J?14 
Smallpeice,  J.  304 
Smalridge,  E.  448 
Smart,  M.J.  562 
Smediey»  C.  £.   H. 

195.    J.  328.    M. 

U.  M.  86. 
Smillie,  W.  217 
Smirke,  Mrs.  S.  l93 
Smith,  A.  193, 64f^, 

650,  67.0.     A.  C. 

84.     A.  M.  648. 

B.  C.55H.   Capr. 

H.N.  452.    C.J. 

193.    Dr.  A.  423. 

E.  105,  195,  219, 

331,449,455.  E. 

M.  105.     E.   W. 

109.     F.  536.    F. 

\V.    305.     G.   T. 

650.  H.  196,536. 

L  106.      J.   221. 

303,  537.     J.  B. 

335.     J.  S.   675. 

L.650.  L.  S.104. 

M.  no.    M.  A. 

109,  565.    Major 

J.  W.  83.    M.  E. 

.306.     M.  K.  195. 

M.M.435.  Mr«. 


Index  to  Nameg. 


E.C.(;46'.R.424. 

S.    B.  305,    565. 

W.B.i?14.  W.H. 

G50.     W.  L.  535 

Smithson,M.A.30() 

Smith  wick,  G.  6't'2 

Siuyib,   G.  L.  449. 

R.J.  84 
Siiape,  S.  448 
Snowbrtlle,  Mrs.564 
Snoilgrass,  J.  216' 
Snowden,  H.  lOf) 
Soames,  F.  21B 
Solomiac,  M.  33.'i 
Solomon,  S.  110 
Sollv,    I.  45'J.     W. 

H.  427 
Somers,  Earl  192 
Somerset,  G.  E.  87, 
194.  Major  C.  H. 
302 
Somerville,  H.  303 
Soper,  J.  lOG,  303 
Sorel,  J.'22\ 
Sorjcenfrey,  J.F.453 
Soul by,  G.  217 
Soulsby,  P.  ()48 
Soupir,  F.  1).  4'2i 
South,  M.  047 
Soutball,J.334.  S. 

5G1 
Southey,  S.  o62 
Southwell,  A.  M.E. 

8b' 
Spackman,  G.  80' 
Sparke,  E.  193 
Sparkes,  A.  107 
Sparrow,  H.  £.  5Go 
Spence,  E.  194.    J. 

214 
Spencer,      L.     300. 

Ladv  L.  425 
Speir,  R.  450 
Spi(«er,    M.   H.    87. 

\V.  F.  5b'4 
Spike,  F.449 
Spiller,Lt.W.G.44tf 
Spooner,  L.  II.  420*. 

M.  333 
Sporle,  N.  J.  454 
Sprappelt,  W.  427 
Sproule,T.F.  84,87 
Spry,  A.  329 
Squire,  E.  558.     E. 
B.    SO.     N.  452, 
453.     M.  S.  561 
Stacev,  C.  331 
SlaffoVd,  Marq.  534 
StanBeld,  C.  333 
Stanford,  W.  567 
Stanhope,  A.  M.  W. 
538.  Capt.H.  192 
Stanlev,  Lord,  192 
Stansfeld,F.M.330. 
T.  W.  647 


Stanton,  T.  84 
Stapleton,  A.  S15 

H.  F. 559 
Stapylton,  H.  E.  C. 

192.     W.  C.  86 
Staunton,  E.  S.  426 
Stawell,  W.  F.  302 
Stayner,  Mrs.  J.647 
Stebbing,  H.  563 
Stedman,  F.  454.  J. 

426 
Steed,  G.  452.     L. 

454 
Steel  1,R.G.  45 
Steen,  M.  222 
Steer,  F.  304 
Steggall,  K.  220 
Stephen,  M.  219 
Stephens,  W.  676 
Stephenson,  I.  219 
Sierlini^,  J.  302 
Sterry,  M.  453 
Steuart,    Sir  H.  J. 

S.  195 
Sievens,  J.  C.  195 
Stevenson,  K.  332. 

Capt.  G.  R.  645. 

R.  H.  426 
Steward,  A.  1.  648. 

C.  H.  195.    S.  E. 

679 
Stewart,     C.     304. 

C.    U.   534.      F. 

108.     I.  105.     J. 

674.  Lady  I.  647. 

L.    C.    194.     M. 

B.    426.      Rear- 

Adm.  H.  303.  Sir 

M.  R.  S.  305.  T. 

I.  303 
Stiggall,  M.  678 
Stileman,W.C.305 
Stirling,  A.  678 
Stobo,  T.  220 
Stockley,  Capt.  W. 

S.  330 
Stogdon,  A.  H.  84, 

424 
Stokes,    A.    N.   J. 

302.     C.   A.   85. 

t.    G.    332.      G. 

H.650.H.G.22I. 

J.    W.   303.      S. 

N.534 
Stone,  A.  560,  676. 

Capt.  W.  11.426. 

O.  331.     S.  5G1. 

W.  220.    W.  W. 

427 
Stoneham,  R.I.  Ill 
Stooks,  E.  679.    T. 

F.  646 
Stopford,  Ven.    E. 

A.  193.  Vuc'tess 

425 


Storer,  Capt.  A.M. 

535 
Story,  L.    IO7.     P. 

W.  424 
Stow,   G.  107.     H. 

674.     J.  F.  219 
Stu>te,Lt.-Col.J.83 
Stradiing,M.P.676 
StrafFord,Baroii,534 
Strange,  E.  562 
Strangways,  H.  M. 

650.     M.  S.  196 
Strangwayes,  R.W. 

452 
Stransham,     Mrs. 

646 
Straubenzee,  C.  333 
Streatfeild,  Capt.  R. 

454 
Strcdder,  A.  449 
Stretton,  H.  424 
Strevens,  E.  218 
Strickland,  Lt.  H. 

C.    216.    T.    A. 

215.     W.  J.  304 
Stringer,  T.  222 
Strong,  R.  T.  427 
Strover,  Lt.-Gen.S. 

R.  331 
Struit,    Hon.  Mrs. 

E.  647.  Rt.  Hon. 

E.  191 
Stuart,  M.  306 
Stubbs,  C.  194.     J. 

M.  648.    W.  650 
Sturtevant,R.L.332 
Stutzer,  J.  J.  194 
Sugden,  G.  332 
Sullivan,  S.  H.  302. 

s.  M.  no 

Sumner,  W.C.  674 
Supton,  W.  S.  196 
Surgery,  C.  537 
Sutherland,  A.  561. 

Duchess  of,  192 
Suttaby,  R.  222 
Sutton,  C.  111.    P. 

C.   217.     G.   W. 

676.    M.  1).  196. 

R.  S.  535 
Swain,  C.  330 
Swainson,  C.  A.  87 
Swan,  M.  C.  305 
Swansborough,    H. 

563 
Swayne,   H.   J.    F. 

649.     M.  218 
Sweeting,  W.  449 
Swete,  R.B.W.537 
Sydney,  Vise.  191, 

192 
Sykes,  H.  563.    J. 

538 
Symons,  E.  F.  650 
Synge,W.W.P.4S6 


711 

Synnot,  H.  670 
Taber,  P.  W.  675 
Tabley,  Lord  de  192 
Tait,  W.  535 
Talbot,  Hon.  W.  P. 

M.  C.  423 
Talbot  deMalahide, 

Lord,  C.  E.  dau. 

of  648 
Tanner,   L.  A.  452. 

M.  M.  331.     W. 

563.    W.  N.  647 
Tansley  S.  A.  S18 
Tapley,  M.  220 
Tappan,  S.  A.  563 
Tappen,   G.  C.  W. 

306 
Tardrew,  C.  I09 
Tarn,  L.  A.  448 
Tarrer,  A.  676 
Tassie  J.  454 
Tate,  C.  R.  305 
Tattersall,  G.  110 
Taturo,  G.  R.  306 
Tawney,  A.  K.  648 
Taylor,  A.  222.    B. 

83.     C.450.    D. 

333.    E.454,562. 

E.  A.  86.    £.  G. 

195.  H.  450.  J. 
218,306,560,563, 
673.  J.  E.  87. 
J.  P.  83.  Lady 
C.  W.  495.  M. 
A.  196.  Mr.  Aid. 
562.  Mra.W.239. 
R.  H.  84.  T.  D. 
no.     W.424 

Teesdale,  E.  333 
Ttmpest,  P.  B.223. 

S.  P.  335 
Terapio,  L.  M.  650 
Tenipler,A.M.305. 

J.  645 
Tennant,  G.  535 
Teniient,SirJ.E.83 
Tennis,  £.  305 
Territt,  L  678 
Terry,  J.  a  222 
Thackeray,  T.  1 10, 

303 
Tharp,  J.  S.  87 
Theed,  E.  538 
Tbellusson,  Mr8.E. 

425 
Tbeodosius,  T.  397 
Tbesiger,  G.  C.  565 
Tbicknesse,  E.  565 
Tbistletbwayte, 

Mrs.  T.  85 
Thomas  C  F.  399. 

G.  455.     J.   535. 

Lady,    425.     T. 

196.  T.  O.  454. 
W.  108,  387 


712 


Index  to  Names, 


Thoiiiasset,    S.    A. 

218 
Thompson,    A.    C. 

674.    C.  lf)3.    E. 

84,  G48.      E.  W. 

678.  J.425.  J.  C. 

193.     \A.    H.  P. 

104.  M.  108,537, 

j63.     M.N. -214. 

Mrs.  C.  425.     R. 

'JI5.     T.  \V.21?. 

W.  H.  oG5,  040' 
Thomson,  C.  A.  108. 

J).  3'29.     G.  11)5. 

H.  2'J2 
Thonidike,  H.  210' 
Thonihill,  Capt.  A. 

R.  194.     H.  100" 
Thornton,  W.  86 
Thorn vcrofr,  E.  Th. 

454.'    Mrs.  J.  304 
Thorold,  F.  11.  0'48. 

L»dy  193 
Thorp,  E.  33;?.     H. 

M.  450 
'i'horpe,    Mnjor    S. 

218 
Thring,  J.  E.  30(1 
Thrupp,  J.  649.    J. 

F.  303 
Thur3lon,M.  A.4o2 
Tihbits,  M.  S.  196 
Tidv,  G.  S.  331 
Tigiic,  Dr.  192.  W. 

S.  562 
Tighe-Gregory,    E. 

303 
Tilbury,  A.  107 
Tilke,  S.  W.  67^^ 
Tilt,  W.  4.-)l 
Timbrel),  87 
Tindal,  Capt.  L.  S. 

425.     I).  451. 
Tindall,MissA.329 
Tinkler,  W,  678 
Tinlin^;,  C.  F.  566 
Tiusley,  J.  87 
Titcomb,  E.  H.  194 
Todd,   A.  329.     J. 

334.     J.  II.  4i4. 

J.  R.  109 
Toke,  N.332 
Tollem^iche,  (J.  427. 

Mrs.  J.  647.      R. 

W.  L.  427 
Tomkinson,  R.  537 
Tomkyns,  I.  F.  649 
Tomlin,  F.  A.  538. 

W.  673 
Tomiini',  \V.  427 
Tomiiii^onf  J.  F.  86 
Toii:;e,  L.  C.  II.  85. 

M.  A.  650 
Tonkin,  F.  E.  334 
Tootfll,  A.  £.  559 


Topbam,  E.  H.  565. 
J.  535.  L.  564. 
W.  534 

Toppin,  Mrs.  679 
Topping,  E.  106 
Torrens,  Col.  A.  W. 

302 
Torrington,    Visct. 

192 
Tortell,  F.  423 
Toulmin,  M.  676 
Towers,  E.  648 
Towneley,    C.  423. 

J.  535  . 
Townsend,Mr8.560. 

S.  303 
Townshend,     Mrs. 

564 
Town8on,W.H.333 
Tozer,  A.  108 
Tracy,    S.  W.  450. 

W.  M.  449 
TraflFord,  Mrs.  425 
Train,  J.  220 
Travers,  J.  IJ.  193. 

J.   M.   534,   561, 

645 
Tredell,  A.  451 
Tremlelt,  F.  S.  195. 

Vice-Adm.VV.ll. 

B.  192 
Trench,  S.  S.  558 
Trevelyan,  H.  87. 

J.  11.  87 
Trevor,  E.  676.  F. 

535 
Treweeke,G.N.  648. 

M.  332.  M.  H. 

538 
Triiider,  H.  335 
Tritton,  E.  B.  86 
Trollope,  Comm.ll. 

193.  L.  87 
Trood,  A.  110 
Trotter,  J.  105.    M. 

450 
Trowell,  1).  W.  217 
Trower,  Mr?.  G.  S; 

536 
Trueman,    E.  452. 

J.  677 
Trull,  C.  332 
Tucker,  D.  L.  86. 

Major    II.     534. 

W.G.  424 
Tudor,    Capt.   305. 

M.E.  674 
Tufiiell,  G.  303 
Tubman,  S.  5()6 
Tulloch.   Major   T. 

645 
Turner,  A.  109.    C. 

B.    86,   303.      J. 

219,535,646.  L. 

87.  M.562.  Mrs. 


J.  647.     Sir  G.J. 

192.  s.  J.  194. 

T.    674.      Vice- 
chancellor  83.  V. 
J.  565 
Turnley,  S.  427 
Tumor,  C.  557.   P. 

B.  647 
Turpin,  W.  424 
Tuson,  H.  649 
Tweed,  G.T.  304 
Twemlow,  C.  219 
Twining,  D.  558 
Twyiden,  A.  565 
Tyas,  R.  llO 
Tylden,  N.  L.  105. 

W.  195,424 
Tyler,  O.  B.  648 
Tyndalc,   Major  C. 

645 
Tyrie,  D.  538 
Tyrrell,  M.  A.  647 
Tyssen,  J.  D.  219 
Uhthoff,  H.  673 
Underbill,  E.  108 
Unett,  Lt.-Col.  T. 

303 
Uniacke,  A.  C.  87. 

C. 104.  R.  F.  535 
Upcher,  A.  W.  193 
Uppelby,  G.  215 
Upton,  Hon.   Mrs. 

E.  646.     Hon.  S. 

452 
Ubher,  M.  220 
Ussher,  C.  194 
Uiierniarck,  C.  193 
Uttin,  S.219 
Valentine,  R.  J.  S. 

648.  W.  303,  646 
Vallance,  L.  223 
Valpy.C.H.E.425. 

E.  P.  425.    J.  A. 

O.    425.    W.    H. 

448 
Vance,  T.  332 
Van-derstegen,Mrs. 

W.  H.  193 
Van-der-Meulen,F. 

303 
Van  de  Weycr,  Ma- 

dnislle  E.  678 
Vane,  Lord    A.  F. 

C.  W.  84 
Vann,  Miss,  331 
Vansittart,  Mrs.  H. 

193 
Vardv,  S.  P.  222 
Va»f;l»^n,E.M.306. 

J.  327.    Hon.  W. 

S.  332.    M.  646, 

649.  W.561 
Voux,  E.  B.  559 
Vavasour,  F.  B.  196. 

R.  F.  328 


^ 


Van  Zuylen,  Barcj- 

nesf ,  64G 
Venables,  Mn.F.E. 

304 
Vere,  \V.  106 
Vernon,  E.  434.  H. 

563.  Lady  H.3(>4. 

Mrs.    I>.  V.  423. 

S.  86 
Verschoyle,  H.  424 
Vesey,  M.  221 
Viallg,  H.  T.  650 
Vicars,  M.  A.   108 
Vicary,  B.  455.     F. 

566 
Vickers,  B.  216 
Victor,  S.  A.  105 
Vidal,  O.  E.  87 
Villiers,  Hon.  C.  P. 

191.    Hon.  F.W. 

C.  645 
Vine,  F.  A.  195 
Viner,  G.  B.  F.  533 
Vivian,  F.  H.  533 
Voigt,  H.  F.  P.  333 
Von      Laiier  -  Mu- 

enchliofen,  A.  J. 

M.  536 
Voorst,  S.  B.  331 
Voyle,  C.  S.  104 
Vyse,  G.  S.  H.  I96 
Wade,    A.    M.    86. 

Capt.   G.   £.  83. 

Capt.  G.  T.  195 
Wagstafr,   D.     564. 

Mrs.  T.  330 
Wheeler.  C.  B.  107 
Waight.  A.E.  321 
Wain,  E.  106 
Wainwritsht,   E.    F. 

A.451.H.  M.426 
Waite.  E.  F.  222 
Wake,  C.  453 
Wakefield,  A.   450. 

J.  302 
Wakeford,  H.  305 
Wakeham,  P.  214 
Waldegrave,Hon.S. 

536 
Walder,  M.  E.  85 
Waldron,  E.  565.  T. 

A.  426 
Waldy,  T.  W.  86 
Walford,  S.  449 
Walker,  A.  M.  220. 

Capt.  J.  S.   192. 

C.    H.  649.      E. 

046.     G.  A.  .559. 

H.  424,537.    H. 

E.  87.  J.  449.  J. 

T.   84.  650.      L. 

562.    Lady,   646. 

1SI     R* 

Wall.  C.J.  305 
Waller,  Capt.  648 


Index  to  Names, 


Wallich,  A.  E.  537 
Wallis,  J.  217,  425. 

J.  P.  108 
Walmesley,  Mrs.  G. 

217 
Walmisley,  P.  S.  E. 

106 
WaUh,  J.  219.     R. 

677 
Walshe,    E.    F.    E. 

306.      T.    P.   B. 

306 
Walter,  E.  648.    S. 

R.  305 
Walters,  F.  452 
Walton,  J.  333, 424. 

M.  427.     S.  646, 

649 
Wanton,  J.  B.  558 
Waraker,  E.  562 
Warbunon,C.F.  M. 

537.     T.  A.  303. 

W.  303 
Warcup.l.  452 
Ward,  Hon.  Mm.  D. 

(lau.of332.  Hon. 

S.  H.  E.  566.    J. 

567.    Lt.-Col.  H. 

2iy.    M.537.    R. 

424.      R.  B.  565. 

Rear- Admiral  W. 

645.     T.  L.   no. 

W.  D.  107 
Wanle,  W.  306 
Warden,  F.  221 
Wardlaw,  Capt.  R. 

302.  J.  645.  Ma- 
jor J.  426 
Ware,  C.  334 
Warner,  J.  110.  W. 

H.  649 
Warren,  C.  565.    F. 

P.  535.     R.  455. 

S.  T.  194 
Warring:ion,M.426 
Warier,  H.  J).  566 
Washingl4in,  A.  195 
Waterpark,       Lord 

192 
Waters,  W.  T.  328 
Watkiii,  J.W.S.84 
Walking,    U.    329. 

Mrs.  454. 
Wai9on,A.104.   B. 

448.    I).  195.    H. 

C.649.     H.M'C. 

4C.J.      Hon.  Mrs. 

304.    J. 221,674. 

J.  A.  562.     J.B. 

216.     M.A.426. 

S.  MO.      T.  451. 

W.  19.1 
W.uts,    A.    A    332. 

G.  K.  675.     J.  T. 

h(i'2.    Miss  J.  453. 

Gem.  Mac;.  Vol. 


P.  S.  87.     S.  M. 

673 
Wand,  S.  W.  486 
Wayte,  W.  303 
Weale,   B.   R.  425. 

C.  J.  537 
Weall,  B.  196 
Webb,  A.  107.     A. 

C.650.  A.N.673. 

E.E.305.  H.194. 

J.  424.  J.B.  214. 

M.196.  R.F.424. 
Webber,  C.  M.  649. 

M.  448.  W.F.C. 

649 
Webster,  E.  B.  84, 

535.     G.  E.  304. 

H.  538.     J.  648. 

M.196.   S.K.84. 

W.  107 
Weddall,  A.  559 
Wedderburn,A.450 
Wedderburne,T.  G. 

G.  537 
Welch,  A.  M.  563 
Weld,  Mrs.  E.  85 
VVelfitt,Capt.  S.W. 

645 
Wellex,  F.  331 
Welles,  J.  538 
Wellesley,  Lady  C. 

647 
Wellington,     Duke 

of  192 
Wells, A. 304.   E.J. 

427.     Lt.-Col.  J. 

448.  S.  B.  87 
WeUb,  F.  M.  194 
Welstead,  A.  108 
Wemyss,    E.  M.  h 

649 
Wenham,  J.  303 
Were,  F.  M.  333 
Wesley,  Major  S.R. 

83 
West,  M.   a.   306. 

M.A.  427.     Ven. 

J.  303 
West  cot  t,  B.  F.  305 
Wefctlake,C.  J.334 
West  morUiMl,T.646 
Weston,  F.  A.  538. 

Mrs.  H.  647 
Wesiropp,  C.  J.  535 
Wetton,  E.  333 
Wey,  F.  331 
Weyer,  Madmsll.E. 

Van  de  678 
Whallev,  6.  H.84. 

R.  A.'  536,  646 
Wharton.    H.   196. 

T.  217 
Whailey,T.  D.  673 
Wheat,  M.  L.  663 
Whelan,J.  W.  194 
XXXIX. 


Wheeler,  F.  195.  R. 

452 
Wbish,  P.  675 
Whiihaw,  E.  677 
Wbitaker,G.F.648 
Whitby,  E.  649 
White,  Capt.W.H. 

832.     C.N.  561. 

D.  196.  £.673. 
F.  E.449.  M.J. 
S17.  R.535.  T. 
673.  T.  W.  455. 
W.  110,566 

Whiteford.J   S.535 
Whitehead,  J.    96 
Whiteboriie,   H.  G. 

305 
Wbitebouse,  C.  333 
Whiteley,M.J.426 
Whitelock,  B.  331 
Wbitestone,J.T.559 
VVhit6eld,  Capt.  H. 

W.  308 
Whitlock,  S.  A.  86 
Whittam,  G.  563 
Whittard,  S.  L.  M. 

305.     T.  M.  306 
Whitting,  W.  302 
Wbittinii^on,  T.  J. 

535 
Whnr,  C.  561 
Whyte,    H.  M.  O' 

Donel,  425.   J.R. 

535 
Whytebead,  P.  675 
Wicks  W.  451 
Wigan,  G.  647 
WlgKinf,  a.  j  305 
Wight,  A.  537 
Wightman,  E.  195 
Wilbrabaro,  R.  192 
Wilcox,  J.  198,424. 
Wild,M.647.  W.S. 

304 
Wildroan,  E.  86.  F. 

195.     M.  86 
Wiles,  J.  B.  223 
Wilkie,H.452.  Ma- 
jor 105.    S.  C.A. 

537 
Wilking,  N.  H.333 
U'ilkins,  J.  647 
Wilkinson,    A.    E. 

110.     C.  T.  193. 

E.  222,  223.  F. 
303.  Rev.  84.  R. 
H.304.  T.H.535. 
W.  A.  679 

Willan,  G.  455 
Willcox,Mrs.C.110 
Willday,  J.  220 
Willes,  Capt.  G.  645 
Williams,    A.    105, 

.535.    Capt.£.A. 

650.      Capt.    R. 


713 

192.  Capr.S.T. 
198.     C.   H.  83. 

E.  E.  302.  E.  J. 
427.     E.  M.  86. 

F.  424.  G.  215. 
H.  109,  648.  H. 
H.  215.  H.  L. 
649.  J.  830,673. 
K.  194.  Lt..Col. 
H.  216.  Major 
T.P.  534.  R.645. 
R.G.646.  R.N. 
424.  R.  V.  W. 
302.  S.  674.  T. 
84.  W«  F.  83. 
W.  R.  424 

Williamion,  D.  R« 

306 
WiUi8,C.56l.Capr. 

192.  J.  A.  C.  104. 

T.  193 
Willmore,  G.  645 
Willmot,  J.  675 
Willougbby,  E.  105 
Wilmot,  L.  A.  ^48. 

R,  C,  C.  E  423 
Wilsbere,  E,  C.  84 
WiUon.  A.538,  567. 

A.   M.   333.     A. 

S.  674.  B.  H.  83, 

423.  Capt.H.427. 

C.  C.  86.  G.  569. 

G.  St.V.  IIO.H. 
567-  H.H.676. 
J.  198.  M.  535. 
M.  F.  649.  M. 
R.  537.  M.  S. 
195.  S.  P.  196. 
W.  650.  W.  G.  86 

Wimberley,S.E.454 
Winch,  F.  562 
Wing,  C.  486.     T. 

W.  196 
Wingrove,  H.E.880 
Winkley,  W.  648 
Wii.kwortb,M.2l6 
Winitanley,  E.818. 

H.  G.  674 
Winter,  Capt.  J.  P. 

192.     G.  450 
Winthrop,  G.  T.  S. 

306 
Wintle,  F.  T.  449 
Winton,  C.  de,  106. 

M.  E.  562 
Wise,  E.  J.  487.  J. 

84,332.  Lt.-Col. 

C.  535 
Wisken,  J.  305 
Witbano,  A.  562 
Will,  H.  2:0 
Wodehouie,A.  559 
Wodehoute,    Lord, 

1.92 
Wolff,  H.  n.  426 
4  V 


714 


Index  to  Names, 


Wollaston,   F.  30?. 

Mrs.  C.  J.  304 
Woiley,  F.  329 
WoUock,  M.  A.  455 
Wolsley,  C.  84 
Wolston,  M.  A.  330 
Wotton,  S.  Ill 
Wumbwell,Capt.A. 

192 
Wood,  C.  306.     C. 

E.  110.     D.  557. 

E.426'.  E.I).  2  J  4. 

H.  53G.     J.  671. 

J.  A.  S. 109, 194. 

P.559.  R.  J.331. 

R.    W.    K.    558. 

Rt.   Hon.   Sir  C. 

191.     S.   J.  331. 

Sir  VV.  P.  83,  192. 

W.  87,6:.0 
Woodall,  J.  220 
VVoodburii,  R.  219 
Woodcock,  A.  427. 

J.  216 
Woodgate,  A.  219 
Wot)dhou8e,M.  111. 


M.    J.    86.      R. 

306 
Woods,  S.  562 
Woody  alt,  E.  332 
Woolcoit,  G.  560 
WoolUy,  G.  L.  424. 

J.  424 
Woolner,  B.217.R. 

C.  675 
Wordsworth,  J.  194 
Worlledge,  M.  332 
Wormald,  E.  563.  J. 

537 
VVor[ning:ton,M.560 
VVorrell,M.C.A.674 
Worsey,  J.  334 
Worsley,Mrs.P.W. 

304 
WorthinglorijC.M. 

195 
Wortley,  Hon.  Mrs, 

J.  S.  304 
Wrai'kinore,  J.  538 
Wratiblaw,A.H.305 
Wreford,    W.    107, 

218 


Wren,  A.  109 
Wright,  E.  A.  537. 

H.  195,  334.    H. 

P.   646.     J.  218, 

451.  M.  21 6.  Mrs. 

W.  H.E.  W.304. 

Vice-Adai.J.I92. 

W.  648 
Wrigley,  J.  330 
Wroitesley,      Hon. 

Mrs.  E.  193 
Wyall,  J.563,  647. 

L.    449.     M.  D. 

306.     T.  558 
W\Um,  J.  108 
Wylde,M.  E.T.674 
Wylie,  C.  426 
Wyni.,Capt.  H.W. 

W.  534 
Wynne,    Rt.    Hon. 

J.    192.     W.    L. 

672 
Wynter,    M.     106. 

Mrs.  R.  536 
Wyon,  C.  L.  194 
Wythe,  A.  335 


Yardley,  J.  85 

Yates, Mrs.  W.  IK 

Yearsley,  F.  A.304 

Yelverton,  Hon.  B. 

C.  223.      Hou.C 

P.  649.   Hun.  W, 

H.  302 

Younpr,  A.  M.  454. 

E.  Ilo.  E.J.  56<>. 

F.  455.  G.  W. 
454.  H.  J.  G. 
424.  Miss,  332. 
Miss  A.  561.  Sii 
J.  191.  T.  105. 
W.  4«4.  W.  B. 
678.     W.  G.  196 

Younge,  J.  C.  S15 
Younger,   Major  J. 

R.  306 
Yorke,  H.560.  Ma- 
jor   J.    302.     P. 
W.  309 
Zechariab,  J.  SiO 
Zillwood,  E.  I0& 
Zimmer,  C.  564 


715 


LIST  OF  EMBELLISHMENTS  TO  THE  VOLUME. 


Those  marked  *  are  Vigpiettes. 


^Brandon  Camp,  Shropshire,  southern  vallum 

*Coxwall  Knoll,  as  seen  from  Brandon  Camp 

*Roman  Inscriptions  discovered  at  Bremenium  (High  Rochester), 

Wall 

•Plan  of  the  station  of  Bremenium 

*Roman  vault  at  Bremenium  .... 

*Roman  Sculpture  of  three  nymphs  bathing 

♦Roman  Gateway  at  Burdoswald     .... 

♦Ancient  Bell  at  Scorton  Chapel,  Yorkshire,  with  the  inscription 

•Inscription  on  a  Bell  at  Sessay,  Yorkshire 

♦Double  Sepulchral  Effigy  at  Ampleforth  Church,  Yorkshire 

Lares  and  Penates,  found  in  Cilicia  : — 

•Head  of  Apollo,  radiated 

•Head  of  Ceres  crowned  with  corn 

♦Statue  of  Harpocrates 

♦Figures  of  Victory  and  Two  Female  Heads 
♦Hepple  Castle  in  Northumberland 
♦Plan  of  Iletchester,  Northumberland 
♦Arms  of  Kendal,  Westmerland 
♦Tradesmen's  Tokens  of  Kendal 

•Tradesmen's  Tokens  of  Kirby  Stephen     ..... 
Plan  of  Hedingham  Castle  in  1592  \ 
Modern  Plan  of  the  same  » 

Assyrian  Sculptures  : — 

♦Kemains  of  Grand  Entrance  of  the  Palace  of  Sennacherib,  Kouyonjik 

•Existing  Remains  at  Khorsabad         ..... 

♦Full-length  bas-relief  of  Sennacherib.  .... 

*Jewish  Captives  in  supplication  ..... 

*Je\vish  Captives  at  work         ...... 


PAOK 

39 
40 
on  the  Roman 

124,  125 


.  127 

.  ib. 

.  128 

.  129 

.  148 

.  149 

.  150 

.  357 

.  357 

.  358 

.  359 

.  469 

.  471 

488,  498 
491,  492,  493 

.  494 

.  598 

.  602 

.  602 

.  604 

.  605 

.  605 


Ci^e  ^entlcmaivjs^  iHagaanc, 


HISTORICAL    UEVIEW. 


lli«i  (twiiUMmftU'B  Mtiga^ific  httfl  ftrfpp(?d  lofwnr'I  to  cK'nwpy  tlji<  tiupuii  pij*t  «/  i^n  III 
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wilh  thi^  vnnuuM  hmr^-il^iM  of  hiwlorir^il  Mtiidy  jitm  ncuiNtiuit  e<»iitHtiuton,  iin'l   n? ^ 
4rAVrrttr  ift  n1nlli^  to  rcn<tt!gr  itm  Mftg&'iein*)  a  wtirtliy  nri{Mi  u^ttit  rwimaiuittiiClii^ii  t*f 
OBd  Aj'dirc?«f logical  LTtorntui*,    In  Ita  Origiii*l  ArticlMN^  likt«ri«yil  iiuwfiUuiia  am  tcnoai 
nn-l  -li3-.^ii?ttn?cl  i  in  itfl  Iloviow!*,  pmtniinjnt  nWi'Mtiwii   im  j^ivwii  t*i  Nil  bUioHifiU  hmd 
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fvufUiy  iit  Loifig  kept  Ln  rtmeinbmniH! ;  and  it3  Obltuitt^  b  4  fiiill^ful   SMiMiriil 
p«iriM»ii»  til'  emtncnee  Latt^l^  d(^i?>a£i^d» 

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ttriTEtt  nut  oaly  Itir  g^nimil  rtuidenii,  but  for  «}ff  uWtJaii  umimgHl  thn  M«atiiJ*er*  af 
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without  withdrni^liig  in  ttitjf  diign>v  iljv  uttMntifni  fmm   Kugltinb   Atiti(tu«tiML     ll> 
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nbToail  imd  nt  hijfiiv,  Pt^furmati^  Bkthii  Mnrii^eii  md  llcaOi*. 


Complete  h  Five  Volum«i» 
THE  GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE   IxNDEXKS. 

L— -Tb<»  iwn  tint  Tolutnt^  of  Ottntiml  1nd<a»Mt  front  1791  lo  IT^J,      O^j  tkm  ICvt.^  I 

AnmtnjM,  F.S.A.     Pricp  2t  1 11$,  6rf, 
H.^imiurid   liidejtcA^  V'oIa,  IIL  and  tV.  ftvm  17t7  tt»  lAl^,  im4b  inoloMtti.     WHIb 
Pr«lkloiry  liiLruductii/ft,  diueflptifa  of  (be  r{iiL«  utid  hrt^grw^  (•!  the  MiikiliUiiii  i  Aiim 
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1X1.— iiirncnLl  hiilia,  Vol.  V.  btatog  u  cottipli^  List  niiil  ladu  k»  Ui«  PiUManil  Won 
ttitj  fmiti  17»J  to  1  SI  8.     ny  U  St,  lUnsK,  jttn.  Emi,  VJ^A.    Vuldi  »  ri«riniit  iiT  tl 

Rmv,  HjfcinuwJ  Ay»*(iough*     Frif;e  lOi.  iUt 
Tlxmis  IMvtv*  nm  i>f  th«i  .^rwituJit  utibty  do  tii^w^i  wito  poUMt  thi>  w^oU  Ml  ef  tiili  bm 
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nrdlifctitjrii  iif  vtdatttiM. 

♦^*  A  L\>iinLBTE  A,^rn>f3*iiuotx  Set  or  TRIE  OijiiLiiMAJi^  Maua   i   j     1:        ;:    .  : 

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