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OTIS HISTORICAL SMWf
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EDWARD BATES
From an engraving, the property of the Missouri Historical Society.
THE LIFE AND PAPERS
of
FREDERICK BATES
EDITED BY
THOMAS MAITLAND MARSHALL, PH.D.
Secretary of the Missouri Historical Society
and
Professor of History in Washington University
VOLUME II
MISSOURI HISTORICAL SOCIETY
St. Louis, 1926
381
Copyright, 1926
MISSOURI HISTORICAL SOCIETY
ILL,
977- £
33! t
coo.?
PART III— Continued
The Regime of Governor Lewis
THE REGIME OF GOVERNOR LEWIS
ROBERT FORSYTH TO BATES
Chicageaux 10th June 1808
Dear Sir
I arrived here a few days ago and expect to leave this
in the Course of Six days for Detroit, I Hope my Dear
Sir you have had the Goodness to drop me a few lines in
answer to mine of March last, and that the information
you may think proper to Communicate to me, may be
favorable — You will Confer particular obligation on me
by interesting yourself with Govr Lewis, and making me
aquainted with his answer, and Ideas on the Subject, be
assured I Shall feel myself Ever grateful for the friendly
attention you have uniformly shewed me, and particu-
larly in the present instance. — I am Sorry to give you
so much trouble, but Hope you will excuse it, as it pro-
ceeds from a Heart that will always be Happy to recip-
rocate, if Ever in his power — . . .
N. B. this will be handed to you by my brother Thos.
by whom I Hope you will favor me with an answer
THOMAS F. RIDDICK TO BATES, NEW MADRID
DR. gIR Saint Louis 2nd July 1808
Your favor from Cape Girardeau arrived safe to hand.
It gave your friends In S Louis much pleasure to hear
from you; & hope that you will return the Doctors Medi-
(5)
6 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
cine Chest untouched, and continue your expedition with
eaqual Success as to the greatest of all blessings, Sound
Health
Genl. Clark and family have arrived, and bring with
them the beautiful and accomplished Miss Anderson?11 a
niece of the Genl. Great agitation In St Louis among the
bachelors, to prevent fatal consequences a Town meeting
has been proposed for the purpose of disposing of her by
lot, no meeting has yet been had. Your Friend Tom how-
ever does not mean to contend for the prize, a little girl
not far distant has been so dextrous with her eyes as to
completely make him Indifferent to all the fair beside, we
have been coquetting, untill I believe both her and myself
begin to be serious; some good or other must come of it.
There has been for the last five or six days before the
first of July a great number of land claims entered for
record, Mr. Bouis112 however would not attend to his busi-
ness In the Office & I found it was a folly to persist in
employing a man by the month that would not write more
than three days. I settled up with him to the first of July,
and have since made another bargain with him, he to be
in Elizabeth, daughter of John and Ann Rogers Clark, and sister of
William Clark, married Richard Clough Anderson, a Virginian, about
1787. Anderson was a colonel and was appointed principal surveyor of
lands granted by Virginia in 1783 to soldiers of the continental line. He
opened headquarters at Louisville in July, 1784. He represented Jefferson
County, Kentucky, in the conventions at Danville in 1784 and 1788.
Elizabeth Clark Anderson died in 1795, leaving a son and three daughters,
Ann, Cecelia, and Elizabeth. William Hayden English, Conquest of the
Country northwest of the Ohio River, 1778-1783, and Life of Gen. George
Rogers Clark, II, 1006-1008.
112 Pascal Vincent Bouis was one of three young Frenchmen appointed
from St. Louis to West Point by Jefferson in 1804. He resigned his
commission of 2nd lieutenant in the United States artillery in 1808.
Later he became a planter in Louisiana.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 7
paid at the rate of five cents for recording every 100 words
plats Included, you will thereby gain something and if he
is Industrious he can easily make from one to two and a
half dollars per day, under the old arrangement calculat-
ing all I could get him to do at the rate of 12% Cents, he
did not earn his wages, I have received the land warrants
from Gov. Lewis, also fifty dollars from Mr. Dorr ; all your
business shall be attended to. Nothing more new, strange,
or Interesting. . . . Mr. Carr & Ladys, compliments.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
Fort Madison,
$lBf Village of Arkensas113 July 22. 1808.
I had the honor of addressing you, early in the month
of June from Cape Girardeau, since which I have visited
all the intermediate settlements. —
The claimants of Arkensas not having attended gen-
erally at Hope Field,114 I thought it proper, altho not spe-
cially required by the resolution of the commissioners, to
come on to this place. —
The business here was completed in one week, since which
us Cuming, who visited Arkansas Post in 1808, says, "The settlement
of Arkansas or Ozark is about fifty miles above the junction of that
river with the Mississippi. It consists chiefly of hunters and Indian
traders, of course is a poor place, as settlers of this description never
look for any thing beyond the mere necessities of life, except whiskey."
The post dated from 1686 when Tonti left a detachment of six men
there under Couture. The place was maintained as a trading post and
Jesuit mission throughout the French period. During the Spanish regime
it was one of three principal centers for control of the Indians. Laclede
had a branch warehouse there and died there in 1778. It should not be
confused with Fort Madison, Iowa. Cuming, Tour, in Early Western
Travels, IV, 298-299; Herbert E. Bolton, AtJianase Be MezUres, I, 74.
n4 Hopefield, Arkansas, was originally Fort Esperanza.
8 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
I have been detained by the sickness of my men & other un-
toward circumstances.
Mr. Le Due,115 the Translator, accompanied me no far-
ther than the Chickasaw-Bluffs.110 He had been taken sick
at New Madrid,117 but by an exertion of that fortitude for
which he is remarkable, he had continued regularly, and
promptly to discharge the duties of his office, until his
indisposition became so seriously alarming that I thought
it imprudent for him to proceed. The illness of Mr. Le
Due compelled me to employ another Translator — and on
the recommendation of Capt. Armstead,118 the Comdt. of
this Post, I engaged Andw. Fagot, Clerk of the late Spanish
Comdt. and since commissioned a Notary Public by the
Governor of this territory. He is believed to possess the
requisite qualifications and deserves this confidence for
the occasion. His demand is three dollars Per day, which
I shall take the liberty of putting into the next contingent
account.
The claims in this part of the country have been brought
forward with much irregularity. The People are for the
most part so entirely unacqainted with every kind of busi-
ness, except of that of the chase, it is not at all to be won-
dered at that affairs requiring method, order and an ob-
servance of legal forms, should be totally unintelligible to
them. Contrary to my expectations, a great number of
claims remained to be entered when I arrived on the 2d
instant. The next day the People appeared to be ignorant
that the time for receiving them had expired, and having
us Marie Philip Leduc.
lie Neighborhood of Memphis.
n7 For an excellent description of New Madrid in 1808, see Cuming,
Tour, in Early Western Travels, IV, 281-282.
us Probably George Armistead.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 9
procured Agents, presented themselves very generally with
their Papers. These Agents thought proper to date all the
notices of his clients on 29th June. But they could not
now be received. I however thought myself justified in
becoming the depositary of them, at the same time inform-
ing the Agents explicitly that in doing so, I could be consid-
ered only as a private individual ,and by no means as a
public Agent. Considering the remote and sequestered
situation of these claimants I was even induced to receive
and reduce to writing the testimony in relation to these
antedated and illegal entries. The Papers and the testi-
mony will be carefully preserved, subject to those Orders
which you may think proper to give with respect to them. —
Had these People attended at Hope Field as contem-
plated by the commissioners, these embarrassments might
have been avoided.
The large surveys of Messrs. Winters which lie in this
vicinity are very valuable.119 No where in the western
country have I seen lands so fertile, and which lie so well
as the tract of 250,000 acres claimed by Gabriel Winter
between the St. Francis & White River. But the principal
reliance appears to be placed on the validity and com-
pleteness of the grant of William Winter, which has been
us This grant was made in 1797 to Elisha, William, and Gabriel
Winter, William Russell and Joseph Stillwell. The grant was invalidated
in 1847-1848 on the ground of indefiniteness. For many years the region
about Arkansas Post was retarded by the uncertainty of the title.
Nuttall says, "Several enormous Spanish grants remain still [January,
1819] undecided; that of Messrs. Winters, of Natchez, called for no less
than one million acres, but the congress of the United States, inclined to
put in force a kind of agrarian law against such monopolizers, had laid
them, as I was told, under the stipulation of settling upon this immense
tract a certain number of families." Thomas Nuttall, A Journal of
Travels into the Arkansas Territory during the Year 1819 . . . , in
Early Western Travels, XIII, 106-107.
10 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
located in the Prairie adjacent to this place. The People
appear to be very anxious for the confirmation of this
grant, under an expectation of purchasing at more rea-
sonable prices from the Proprietor than from the United
States.
Mr. Donaldson, the late Eecorder has asserted in the
public Papers that these Titles are complete. Yet it ap-
pears to me very questionable. The conditions have surely
not been complied with in such manner, as the Spanish
Government120 had a right to expect. Either the preten-
sions of Mr. Winter, are in his own estimation not well
founded, or he has given extraordinary fees for manage-
ment : For I understand that one Gentleman, for procur-
ing the survey and smoothing if possible, the passage of the
claim; and another for collecting and arranging testimony,
have acquired interests almost equal to the original
claimant.
At Cape Girardeau and at New Madrid, the Corps of
Witnesses were well organized and disciplined: Whenever
I suspected a wandering from the fact, I endeavoured to
detect and expose it — but it was not alwa}^s in my power —
About the 10th of next month I hope to give to the com-
missioners at St. Louis, a satisfactory account of my Mis-
sion.— Every possible diligence and attention have been
bestowed. Indeed during this whole tour, I have endeav-
120 For the whole subject of Spanish land law, see Houck, History of
Missouri, II, 214-230. Also American State Papers, Public Lands, II, 605-
606; III, 607-608; V, 59, 251, 704-705, 709; Stoddard, Sketches of Louisiana,
251-252; Scharf, History of St. Louis, City and County, I, 321; Eugene
Morrow Violette, "Spanish Land Claims in Missouri," in Washington
University, Studies, VIII, 167-200. For important cases, see Mackay vs.
U. S., 10 Peters, 341; Chouteau's Heirs vs. U. S., 9 Peters, 145, 147;
Menard's Heirs vs. Massey, 8 Howard, 305; Chouteau vs. Eskhardt, 2
Howard, 349.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 11
oured by the most patient assiduity to remove those preju-
dices against myself, in common with the other commis-
sioners which some of the settlements have been taught to
entertain. — They complain of delay in the adjustment of
their claims, and of the continual expence which this pro-
crastination occasions. I accounted for the first; to the
satisfaction of the liberal minded and intelligent; and in
order to give them pledges of my own disinterestedness
declined, at this place to receive those recording fees which
I might by Law have demanded. —
TO GABRIEL DUVAL, COMPTROLLER OF THE
TREASURY
Sm St. Louis 13th Aug 1808.
I had not until yesterday, on my return from the Ar-
kansas the honor of receiving your letter of 28 May last.
The reproof and admonition which it contains shall not be
forgotten in the future settlements of the contingent accts.
of my office. While exercising this government in the
absence of Gov Lewis I was subjected to considerable extra
expenses without additional emolument, and was so far
mistaken as to imagine, that fuel & candles merely for the
Office would be considered as part of the Office rent. I
lament the error & will in future, adhere to the literal
expressions of Mr. Gallatin's orders.
TO THE LAND COMMISSIONERS
Gentlemen, St. Louis Aug 15. 1808. —
In discharge of the duties imposed on me by your reso-
lution of the day of last, being a modification of
12 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
your previous resolutions on the same subject, I have made
the circuit of the lower settlements of this territory. —
When descending the Mississippi, the business at Cape Gir-
ardeau, at New Madrid and at Camp Esperance was taken
up in prime conformity to your order of mission : but not
being completed for want of time, and on account of
obstacles thrown in my way by factious individuals, I
thought it substantially correct to hold an extra session
on my return. Your object was to obtain the testimony,
and I could not think of disappointing those just expecta-
tions by an unnecessary observance of minute forms. Your
resolution contemplates my receiving testimony in relation
to the claims to lands which lie in the neighbourhood of the
Arkansas; but it was also expected that those persons or
their Agents, would have attended at Camp Esperance for
this purpose. Joseph Stillwell121 was the only person from
that part of the country who met me there, and I con-
ceived it my duty as I was now within 200 miles of their
village and about 2/3 of the distance from St. Louis to
their principal settlements, to proceed to Fort Madison,
where the evidence could be collected with little additional
expense to the U States and with no possible inconvenience
to the claimants. — I submit to you herewith, the Papers
which have been laid before me by the parties concerned
as well as those which I have collected from the Public
Offices of New Madrid : — together with the oral testimony
reduced to writing principally by myself.
There is an Affair, which, to prevent misconstruction I
beg leave to mention to you altho' it in no wise concerns
the business which you have confided to, my management.
On my arrival at the Arkansas after the first day of July
i2i Joseph Stillwell was one of the five grantees of Winter's grant,
The Regime of Governor Lewis, 13
last, Jno. G. Clark of Natchez and Perly Wallis of Oua-
chita122 Agents for the claimants presented a number of
notices to the Recorder dated 29th June. In my private
capacity merely I received these Papers, recorded the tes-
timony in relation to them, and informed Mr. Gallatin that
they would be carefully preserved subject to any future
arrangement which Congress might think proper to make.
M. P. LeDuc, the Translator accompanied me as far as
Camp Esperance and performed with diligence and
promptness every duty appertaining to his office. On my
departure from that settlement, a pleuretic affection which
he had sometime previously contracted became so alarming
that he found himself unable to prosecute the voyage and
remained under the care of Doct Stewart of Port Pick-
ering.123
At the Arkansas I employed Andrew Fagot as a Trans-
lator or rather an Interpreter for the occasion. He was
recommended to me by gentlemen of the most respectable
standing, in that part of the country and is believed to
have discharged this temporary trust with fidelity.
TO JAMES ABBOTT
glR St. Louis 19. Aug 1808
I take the liberty of enclosing you the record of a demand
122 Ouachita or Washita was located on the Arkansas River in latitude
32° 29' 37.25". For an excellent description of the post and the surround-
ing country, see "A Description of the Washita River, in Louisiana, and
the Country bordering thereon, compiled from the Journals of William
Dunbar Esq. and Dr. Hunter," in American State Papers, Indian Affairs,
I, 733.
123 Fort Pickering was on the Mississippi River two miles below the
Fourth Chickasaw Bluff. It was originally called Fort Adams. For a few
months in 1797 Merriwether Lewis was in command there.
14 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
agt. Mr. William Eobison of the House of Eobison & Mar-
tin for $32.93cts.
The history of the transaction is this — The beginning
of last winter Mr. Eobison hired a Horse of Joseph
Morin124 to ride to the Belle Fontaine Races; a number of
us staid that night at the Cantonments on the Missouri,
from which place the horse of Mr. Eobison escaped. On his
leaving this country, the horse not being then found, he
spoke to Major Christy, Capt. Clemson125 and myself to
adjust the business in a proper manner with Morin. I
agreed to do so — And Christy gave his personal assur-
ances to Morin, who sometime thereafter presented an ac-
count of $44, — / also lately declined to adjust so exorbi-
tant a demand, and advised Christy to stand a suit. Judg-
ment was recovered as you will find in the record — I then
paid the money in the name of Major Christy and obtained
his assignment. Be so obliging as to ask of Mr. Eobison,
the amount of this Judgment. He cannot hesitate in paying-
it; altho' I must confess that there has been already, a
greater delay than I had expected. Probably Major
Christy's letters written both before, and after the judg-
ment was rendered, may never have reached him.
Colo. Thomas Hunt died two days ago.126 The melan-
choly event has aroused the sympathies of every individual
of these settlements who had the pleasure of an acquain-
tance with his worthy and amiable family. He will be
124 Joseph Morin was a carpenter. In 1795 he was living near St.
Louis.
125 For biography of Eli B. Clemson, see Luttig, Journal of a Fur-
Trading Expedition on the Upper Missouri, 1812-1813 (Stella M. Drumm,
ed.), 145-146.
126 Billon (Annals of St. Louis in its Territorial Days, 225) gives
July 17, 1808 as the date of his death.
The Regime of Governor Lewis, 15
buried this day at the Cantonments. Most of the Citizens
of St. Louis left town early this morning in order to pay
the last honors to this respectable veteran. I am truly
sorry that the fatigues of a three months excursion to the
lower country from which I have just returned, prevent
my attendance. — I have never heard from you since I
transmitted the powers of Atty that I recollect. — No diffi-
culties have occurred? I congratulate you on the confirma-
tion of your appointment. It was not in my power to be
instrumental in it. —
A PROCLAMATION127
Whereas, by the 5th section of an act of the Congress of
the United States entitled 'An act further providing for
the government of the district of Louisiana' passed the 3d
day of March 1805 it is provided that for the more con-
venient distribution of justice the prevention of crimes
and injuries, and execution of process, criminal and civil,
the Governor shall from time to time, as circumstances
may require, lay out those parts of the territory, in which
the Indian Title shall have been extinguished, into dis-
tricts, subject to such alteration as may be found neces-
sary, and that he shall appoint thereto such magistrates
and other civil officers as he may deem requisite :
Now therefore, I have thought proper, for the promotion
of these objects to divide the at present too widely ex-
tended district of New Madrid, by a line commencing on
the Mississippi, opposite the 2d Bluff, and running, indefi-
nitely, in a due west direction : And I do hereby declare
all that portion of country lying to the south of said line,
127 Original in the Department of State, B. R. L., 3449.
16 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
as far as the 33d degree of north latitude to be, and the
same is hereby established as a separate district, to be
known and denominated, for all judicial purposes, 'The
District of the Arkensas' prohibiting the exercise of the
district authorities of New Madrid, beyond, or to the south-
ward of the said East and West line, so as aforesaid estab-
lished as the northern boundary of the newly created dis-
trict of the Arkensas.
In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the terri-
tory to be hereunto affixed. —
Given under my hand at Saint Louis, the twentieth day
of August, in the year of our Lord, one thousand, eight
hundred and eight, and of the Independence of the United
States of America, the thirty third.
By the Governor Meriwether Lewis
~ , Frederick Bates
Secy of Louisiana
GEORGE HOFFMAN TO BATES
■ta g^ Michilimackinac, Augt. 23d. 1808.
Many applications will no doubt be made this fall to
Gov. Lewis by British subjects for permission to trade
with the Indian tribes residing on the West side of the
Mississippi. A Mr. Crookes128 purchased goods at this
128 Ramsay Crooks was born at Greenock, Scotland, in 1787. At the
age of sixteen he entered the service of the North West Company. In
1806 he was trading in Wisconsin. In 1807 he came to St. Louis where
he entered into partnership with Robert McClellan. In their first trading
venture they were balked by the Teton. Crooks became famous because
of his connection with the Astoria project. After the failure of that
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 17
place — applied to me for a License — The oaths necessary
by the tenor of the 15. Sec. of the last Embargo Law was
tendered to him — He refused taking it — alledging that he
conceived himself an American Citizen, that he was con-
cerned with one Mc.Cleland, an American born, in the
Illinois, and that he was in no wise interested or concerned
with the Macinac Company, I, therefore, thereupon,
granted him a Common Clearance.
Mr. Bouthillier129 also called for a Clearance & made oath
that he resided in this Country antecedent to the 1st of
July 1796 and has ever since considered himself a Citizen
of the U. States, He therefore also obtained a Common
Clearance — It will I suspect be stated & urged to the Gov-
ernor that this Crooks is a British subject (which circum-
stance was not suggested to me until this morning). And
that if he is allowed to go into Louisiana it will be repre-
hensible & unpardonable partictily [sic] to prevent other
Br. subjects trading in that Country — Much Clamour may
ensue — I state these facts in order that misrepresentation
shall not prevail.
The contents of Gov. Lewis' letter of the 2d June last to
the late Mr. Campbell130 has been communicated to the
Macinac Company — therefore in case of infractions they
cannot profit by the plea of ignorance — As to Laws, rules
& regulations on the subject of Indian trade & intercourse
generally they had early, full & correct information. Here-
with I transmit to you for your & the Governor's informa-
enterprise, he was long identified with the Astor enterprises. For sketches
of him, see Early Western Travels (Thwaites, ed.), V, 36-37; Wisconsin
Historical Collections, IV, 95-102.
129 Probably Francois Bouthillier, fur trader and early resident of
Prairie du Chien.
iso John Campbell who was killed in a duel with Redford Crawford.
18 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
tion a List of Clearances granted at this Custom house
this year.
R. Dickson131 has started for the states — It is said for
the purpose of applying at Washington City for the ap-
pointment of Indian Agent for the Upper Mississippi — I
have seen & read a paper which you granted him giving
him permission to trade in Louisiana, & have also been
informed that Gov. Lewis feels very thankful & grateful
towards Dickson on account of services rendered by him
to our Government — I fear that neither of you know the
man — He has done what has perhaps advantaged the U.
States — But believe me not from any love he bears our
Country. He is better known here than elsewhere. He is
a Br. subject in heart & sentiment — connected in trade
with two powerful & almost overbearing British fur trading
companies — He possesses not the smallest wish for the
happiness of the American people — understands the In-
dians well ; and has great influence over many in the quar-
ter where he heretofore traded & at Laprairie du Chien —
Such an appointment will certainly be an alarming and
dangerous weapon in the hands of an Enemy — Will it
then think you be wise & prudent for our Gov. to appoint
R. Dickson Indian Agent I have myself no personal or
private antipathy or malice to this man — He will probably
apply to you & the Governor for letters of recommenda-
tion — Or perhaps use the testimonials of your high opinion
of him which he now possesses — I write this merely that
you may put your selves on your guard so that our Govt,
shall not be imposed upon. As you understand the duties
of a Collector perfectly it is almost useless to inform you
that the Collector whose application is made for a Clear-
i3i Robert Dickson.
The Regime of Governor Lewis, 19
ance can have no eye to the Laws on the subject of trade
or intercourse with the Indians — This is hinted at because
it has been & perhaps will again be pretended by British
fur traders that the Clearance of a Collector is all they
need — Mr. Reid132 is just about to depart — I write in
haste — I expect to get to Washington City about the 15
of Nov. — On the subject of the duel between Mr. Camp-
bell & Mr. R. Crawford Mr. Reid can give you a detailed
account of the whole affair — You may hear false & con-
tradictory reports — Campbell was always an eye sore to
some one or all of the Br. traders here. Mr. Reid's infor-
mation may I think be relied on — ...
Mr. S. Abbott's133 compliments to you.
The production, by D., of your Licence to him com-
menced the quarrel between Campbell '& Crawford — Your
conduct in having granted it was however neither can-
vassed nor censured — I haven't time.
[P. S.] We (Mr. Abbott & myself) have also written to
Gov. Lewis & Gov. Harrison
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
SlR St. Louis Aug 28. 1808
I have this day taken the liberty to draw on you in favor
of Messrs. Falconer & Comegys for the sum of Three hun-
dred & Sixty dolls, the amount of my travelling allowance
while performing a circuit of twelve hundred miles by order
of the commissioners for ascertaining & adjusting the titles
and claims to Lands in the Territory of Louisiana.
132 James Reid, Mackinac merchant.
133 Samuel Abbott, Mackinac pioneer.
20 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
The Certificate of the Corns, accompanies the Draft. In
that certificate they have thought it sufficient to state the
distance from St. Louis to the Arkensas — and that all
my travelling allowances collectively do not exceed the dis-
tance between the northern & the southern settlements.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
SlR^ St. Louis Augt. 28. 1808.
On the 12th of this month I returned to St. Louis, and
on the 15th submitted the Report, a copy of which I have
now the honor to enclose —
I ask your indulgence while I state some unpleasant inci-
dents which have lately occurred.
Judge Lucas was opposed to the mission of a single
member, tho' I hope he had no objections to myself — I
had his vote. It is not recollected that he assigned his rea-
sons at the Board. In his subsequent conversations with
the People, many arguments were employed to shew the
impropriety of the arrangement. I was hurt at this;
because, if those dissatisfactions had been expressed at a
proper time and place, they might have had weight; at
least from the very great respect which I have never
ceased to feel and to express for his superior good sense
and integrity of principle, I should have attended to his
observations with the utmost deference. They might and
probably would have over ruled those preferences which I
then gave to the plan which was adopted. But left to my
own reflections in this business, I considered that our time
was now passing away, and that it ought to be economized
in every possible manner, consistently with the due dis-
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 21
charge of that great trust which the government had con-
fided to us. Indeed, for some days previously to the revis-
ion of the first resolution on this subject, I had taken up
an idea that the minds of Judge Lucas and Mr. Penrose,
were made up, and that the Eecorder alone would be sent
on this circuit. Besides, I had witnessed during our for-
mer visits to the neighbouring settlements the extreme
impatience of the Commissioners to return to St. Louis
and foresaw that should we make this distant tour collec-
tively the object would not, in all probability, be accom-
plished. Permit me to make you the assurance, that the
People are satisfied with the attention, which I have
bestowed on their business, and that I confidently expect
the future approbation of the Board, when it has leisure
to examine critically, the performance of those duties, with
wch. I was charged.
Some few days after my return, I laid on the Table a
resolution for meeting every day, instead of every third
day. The necessity of this was too obvious to leave room
f<5r reasonable opposition. The proposition was treated
by Judge Lucas with much oblique asperity ; but, at length,
after undergoing some amendments was reluctantly acqui-
esced in. I have been since reproached, as being no better
prepared for decision than my Colleagues. It is very true ;
but surely if we intend to do the business at all it was time
that we had commenced it. —
The Judge has frequently spoken of the possible non
extinguishment of the native right, and of other embar-
rassments, with respect to which we ought to ask informa-
tion or instruction from you. The suggestion, at this late
hour of the day has not been attended to, and never regu-
larlv submitted to the Board. —
22 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
I took an early occasion, after several warm and unpleas-
ant conversations to make to the board professions of cor-
diality, and expressed a wish, that we might as men of
business, labor in that great work the accomplishment of
which appeared to be expected from us. Judge Lucas
reciprocated my conciliatory dispositions with a warmth
of feeling so peculiar to him; and I had, at that moment
no doubt, that the business would go smoothly on. I am
willing still to hope so.
The Recorder has been desired to compile all the Ordi-
nances, Official Letters, Instructions &c. which have rela-
tion to the Land Subject. My mornings and evenings are
now employed in this research. I shall transcribe them in
a bound Book, and accompany the Report with an Index. —
In May last, when going down the river I appointed the
Clerk of the Board, my friend Thomas F. Riddick to act
in the Recorder's office in my absence. He received pre-
viously to the first of July, a considerable number of
Claims in addition to those which were made with myself
in the lower districts. It is impossible that all these should
be yet actually recorded. The work goes on industriously,
and I presume that in the meantime, the Board will con-
sider them as sufficiently recorded in contemplation of Law.
Since the arrival of Gov Lewis, I have had no interfer-
ence in the business of Lead Mines — In one of the Letters
which I had the honor to receive from you, it appeared to
be expected that the Recorder would still act in that affair
under the direction of the Governor. He has, however, with
great propriety, I think, and I hope, with your approbation,
assumed the whole management.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 23
TO GEORGE HOFFMAN
glB St. Louis Aug 30. 1808.
You desire me to forget those unpleasant occurrences,
which for a moment interrupted our harmony. I was sur-
prized at this request, as the differences to which you
allude, could not, in their very nature create a permanent
alienation. At any rate they have had no such operation
on my mind. The interest which I feel in your advance-
ment (because I know that you deserve it) would induce
me without hesitation to exert myself in your behalf, if I
had influential friends to whom I could without a breach
of decorum, address myself on such a subject. But my
dear Sir, I have already been admonished on this score —
in gentle terms it is true ; but in a style sufficiently peremp-
tory, to prevent my making again the fruitless experiment.
At Washington these things are not expected from me,
except when they relate to that quarter of the country in
which I reside — and then sparingly. —
You complain of my neglect. That I never answer your
letters — In this you wrong me. I believe I have answered
every line which you have done me the favor to write. T
recollect particularly well that I chatted with you, for half
an hour at least in February last, and even threw out some
suggestions, which I believed you would avail yourself
of in procuring an exchange of Office.
PERLY WALLIS TO BATES
Dear Sir— SePtr- lst 1808
Together with every acknowledgement of gratitude For
your politeness and attention while at Arkansas I would
24 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
observe I had a tolerable prosperous Journey to Ouachita
and from thence to this place134 although I have been exer-
cised with the fevre Both then and since I return,d as you
will Discover by the shaking of my hand we have had
serious work and hard swearing here last week capt Arm-
istead has had his hands head & heart full Burnet has
been apprehended for the murder of Patterson and many
others have been arraigned for felony and bound to the
Peace Burnet is sent to New Madrid gaol I have lent
capt Armstead every assistance in my Power which Per-
haps was very imperfect as we have not the Laws of the
Teritory I should Take it as a singular favour if you
would favour us with a coppy of the Juditiary sistem of the
Teritory as soon as you conveniently can if one could be
furnished for my self bound I will Pay all necessary
expence I likewise would observe the People are anxious
for our seperation and organization I hope you will Take
the earliest opportunity To inform us what is Done con-
cerning our country and if it will not be too great a task
amidst a multitude of complexed business which I know
you to be ingaged in I would ask the Particular favour of
a line to inform me how you Prospered on your Journey
up the River when it is Probable the land claims will be
adjusted and concerning other matters, whic[h] I have
before mentioned Time fails.
TO HENRY DEARBORN
gm St. Louis Sept. 3. 1808.
I have the honor to enclose the copy of an Account ren-
dered to General Clark, on his return to this country. It
134 Probably Arkansas Post.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 25
embraces all the money transactions in which I was em-
ployed, on his behalf, and has been provisionally accepted
by him as correct.
He has been good enough also, to suffer me to include
in this account some other bills and disbursements which
do not fall properly within his department, as balances
had been carried from these latter settlements to the Cr
of the Indian Account. By this arrangement he has taken
upon himself, the final adjustment at the War Office, of
all my disbursements and drafts, as well those, which you
have done me the honor to accept, as others which were
negociated at Louisville. My absence to the lower settle-
ments of this territory prevented an earlier communication
on this subject. —
APPOINTMENTS TO MILITIA OFFICES BY
GOVERNOR LEWIS
APRIL 1— SEPTEMBER 30, 1808135
Ap 4 Mackay Wherry
Captain
Joseph Beaty136
Lieutenant
James Calloway137
Cornet
Benjamin Allen
Burser
Of a troop of Cav-
alry, in the District
of Saint Charles
3d Regiment —
May 16 John E. Hart Lt. Colo. Comdt. of 5th (New Mad-
rid) Regiment
Stephen Ross Major 1st Bat : of 5th Regiment
135 Original in Department of State, B. R. L., 3449.
136 Beatty.
137 Callaway.
of Compy. in 1st
Regiment.
26 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
James Trotter Captain in 1st Bat : of 5th Regiment
Robert Trotter Lieut. — 1 Bat: of 5th Regiment
Amos Rawls — Captain — in 2 Bat : of 5th Regiment
Franklin J. Smith Surgeon of the 5th Regiment
Joseph N. Amoureux138 Pay Master of 5th Regiment
Jacob Jacobs139Quarter Master of the 5th Regiment
Thomas Ward Caulk Lieut, in 2d Bat : 5th Regiment
James Faris140 Ensign in 2d Bat : of 5th Regiment
[May 17] Alexander McNair Aide de Camp to the Comr.
in Chief with the rank of Major, vice Edwd. Hemp-
stead resigned
Nationiel Pope Judge Advocate for 2d Regiment
June 10 Daniel Richardson141
Captain
James Brown Lieutenant
John Maupin Ensign,
July 11 Zephaniah Sappington Captain in 1st Regiment
Uri Musick142 Lieutenant in 1st Regiment
Thomas Sappington Ensign in 1st Regiment
Mary Philip Le Due Lieutenant in 1st Regiment
Andrew Andreville143 Ensign in 1st Regiment
J. Cottle Captain in the 3d Regiment
John McConnell144 Lieut, in the 3d Regiment
Peter Teaque145 Ensign in the 3d Regiment
iss See letter of Amoureux to Bates, June 6, 1810.
139 Jacob Jacobs moved from the District of Columbia to the District
of Cape Girardeau in 1799.
140 Farris.
i4i Richardson settled in the St. Louis District in 1803. In 1818 he
was one of the representatives of St. Louis County in the assembly.
142 Uri Musick settled in the St. Louis District in 1805.
143 Andre Andreville.
144 John McConnell settled on the Dardenne in 1801.
145 Pierre Teaque, a resident of St. Charles in 1801.
The Regime of Governor Lewis.
27
James (Jacques) Fietto Lieut, in the 3d Regiment
David Bocher Ensign in the 3d Regiment
25 Sylvestre Labbadie146 1st Lieut of St. Louis-Dragoons
Francois Valois147 2d Lieut of ditto
John Alexr. Mechan jr Cornet of ditto
Peter Chouteau jr Burser of ditto
Aug 4 John Dougherty ^i of the 2d troop of
Burser I Cavalry in district
Joseph Baker Cornet of CaPe Girardeau
Blank Commissions for the following Organization of a
Battalion of militia at the Arkensas, were signed by the
Governor, on the 18th May, and filled by the Secy, when
he visited those settlements in July
Francis Vaugine Major
Daniel Moony148 Captain
Harrold Stillwell Lieu-
tenant
Tenace Racine Ensign
Baptiste Cailliot149
Captain
Peter Lefeve150 Lieu-
tenant
Charles Bougy Ensign
of 1st Company
of 2d Company
J
146 Sylvestre Labadie, Sr., was a native of Tarbes, France. He came
to St. Louis in 1778. He was a merchant, an extensive landowner, and
preceded Pierre Chouteau as Spanish Indian agent. His son, Sylvestre
Labadie, Jr., was born in 1778. The son speculated extensively in land.
147 Francois Valois settled in the St. Louis District in 1790.
148 Daniel Mooney, captain in the New Madrid regiment in 1812,
major in the Arkansas County regiment in 1814.
149 Probably Caillot.
iso Probably Lefevre.
28 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
Stephen Vaugine Pay
Master
Andrew Fagot Judge
Advocate
Sep 8 Benjamin Wilkinson
Captain
Risden H. Price Lieu-
tenant
John Voorhis Ensign
Francis V. Bouis Burser
of the Arkensas
Battalion
of a volunteer com-
pany of Infantry in
town of St. Louis
Secretary's Office
St. Louis September 30th 1808
Frederick Bates
Secy.
APPOINTMENTS TO CIVIL OFFICES BY
GOVERNOR LEWIS
APRIL 1— SEPTEMBER 30, 1808151
Ap 4 Elisha Goodrich,152 Justice of the Peace, township
St. Charles, Dt. St. Charles
Jno. E. Hart, Sheriff New Madrid, vice Saml. Ham-
mond declined
Andw. Scott, Justice of Peace, township Big Prairie,
Dt. New Madrid.
Thos. Evans, Justice of Peace, township & Dt. of
New Madrid
i5i Original in the Department of State, B. R. L., 3449.
152 in 1799 Elisha Goodrich settled on the Missouri in the District of
St. Louis.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 29
Geo. Ruddle,153 Justice of Peace, township little
Prairie, Dt. of New Madrid
May 16 Jos. Lewis, Sheriff of Dt. of New Madrid, vice
Hart declined to accept
Robert Mc Coy Coroner of the District of New
Madrid
John Baptiste Olive Treasurer of District of New
Madrid
Thomas Clarke Justice of Peace township Tywapity,
Dt. of N. Madrid
Joseph Lafernait Juste. Peace township & Dt. -of
New Madrid
June 6 John G. Heth154 Clerk of the Courts of Common
Pleas and quarter Sessions, Dist. of St. Charles, vice
Robert Spencer removed.
July 7 John G. Heth Justice of Peace townsp. St. Charles,
District of St. Charles, vice Janis resigned. —
Andrew Kincade, Justice of Peace for townp. Bon
Homme Dt. St. Louis
8 John G. Heth, Treasurer of the District of St.
Charles.
25 Manuel Andre Roche Justice of Peace, township of
St. Charles District of St. Charles, vice Francis
Duquette resigned. —
Aug 5 Stephen Byrd, Judge of the Courts of common
pleas & quarter sessions & of oyer & terminer for the
153 George Ruddell or Ruddle in 1796 had a farm north of Little
Prairie. He was a son of Isaac Ruddle of Ruddle's Station, Kentucky.
154 John G. Heath.
30 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
district of Cape Girardeau vice Christopher Hayes
deceased.
Benjamin Fooy Justice of the Peace, township of
Arkensas District of New Madrid.
George Armistead Justice of the Peace for the town-
ship of the Arkensas, District of New Madrid —
The hvo foregoing commissions were dated 18th
May — left blank by the Governor, and filled by the
Secy, when he visited the Arkensas in the month of
July. —
Civil organization on the reestablishment of the district
of the Arkensas
Aug 20 Francis Vaugine,
22 Joseph Stillwell
22 Charles Refeld
23 Benjamin Fooy
Judges of the Courts of
Common Pleas and Quarter
Sessions & of oyer & ter-
miner for district of the Ar-
kensas during good behavior
for four years.
Jno. Honey Clerk of the Courts of Common Pleas,
Quarter Sessions & of oyer & terminer — District of
the Arkensas
John Honey, Treasurer, Recorder and Judge of Pro-
bate for the District of the Arkensas
Harrold Stillwell, Sheriff of the district of the Ar-
kensas
Andw. Fagot, Coroner, Just. Peace & Noty. Public,
Dist of the Arkensas
Aug 23 John Burk Treat, John Honey and Benjamin
Fooy Esquire directed, and impowered b}^ dedimus, to
The Regime of Governor Lewis, 31
administer oaths of office, within and for the district
of the Arkensas. —
George C. Sibley, Justice of the Peace, for township
of Bon Homme district of Saint Louis. — He resides at
Fire Praire. —
Secretary's Office
St. Louis September 30. 1808
Frederick Bates
Secy.
LICENSES TO TRADE WITH AND TO HUNT AMONG
THE INDIANS GEANTED BY GOVERNOR
LEWIS, APRIL 1ST — SEPTEMBER 30, 1808155
May 2 Ramsay Crooks, partner of Robert McClellan; to
ascend the Missouri with provisions for their trading
establishment.
11 Charles Dorion; to trade with the Sieux and Iowas
at the river Le Moin and on the Missouri.
25 Augte. Chouteau by Agent Henry Deroulier; to
trade with the Sieux Bands.
Aug 23 Louis Coignard; to trade on the St. Francis; on
White River at the Arkensas, not above Fort Madi-
son; at Little Praire
Sept 1 Francis Robidoux;156 to trade at the Fire Praire,
and (with the permission of the Agent or sub Agent at
that place) with the Ottos & Panis. —
155 Original in the Department of State, B. R. L., 3449.
156 Francis Robidoux for many years was in business in St. Louis.
32 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
3 Baptiste Vallet ;157 Joachim Vallet, Baptiste Derwate
and Gerlerno ; to hunt on the Missouri not higher
up than Fire Praire unless with permission of the
Agent or Sub Agent ; to take no more than 15 lb. Pow-
der — & not to go into the Osage Eiver
14 P. Vial,158 Bapt. Le Beau,159 Amable Quesnel, Bapt.
Jeamdt, Gab. Morleau ; to hunt on the Missouri, on the
same terms limitations as the foregoing —
Sepr 14 F. Piqueure, Jos. Piqueure, J. M. Cardinal,160
Ant Laf ranchise ;161 to hunt on the Missouri on the
same terms and with the same limitations as the fore-
going.
Louis Berthelet, Joseph Quesnel, Francis Embroise,
Bapt. Alary & Bap. Laurens;162 to hunt on the Mis-
souri — on same terms & with same limitations as the
foregoing.
Francis Ragotte & Chs. Bissonett: to hunt on the
Missouri on same terms & with same limitations as
the foregoing.
Peter Montardy ; to trade at the Fire Prairie — and
(if the Agent or Sub Agent at that place permit) with
the Sieux, Ottos, Missouris and with the well disposed
Panis. —
24 Etienne Cadron, Patron, Peter Decelle, Jos. Dayon,
Louis Chatelereau, Jacques (Sauvage) Ranga (Sau-
157 Probably Jean Baptiste "Valle, who was made civil commandant
of Ste. Genevieve by Stoddard.
158 probably Pedro Vial, who made the trip from Santa Fe in 1792.
For the journal of that expedition, see Houck, Spanish Regime, I, 350-358.
159 in 1809 Baptiste Le Beau had a tavern in St. Louis.
i6o jean Marie Cardinal.
i6i Antoine La Franchaise.
162 Probably Jean Baptiste Laurain.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 33
vage) Baptiste Gouniville, Louis & Jos: Le Blanc,
Castor (Sauvage) Peter Plante, Baptiste Greza,
Joseph Rivar, Joseph Greza, Peter Quesnel, Francis
Belford, Joseph Gobey, Baptiste Le Court, & Nathl.
Soucier, to hunt on the Missouri not higher up than
the rock of Arrows on the right bank — nor on the left,
higher up than the place opposite the Fire Praire;
not to pass westward of a line drawn south from the
Rock of Arrows to the Arkensas, nor to take collec-
tively more than 100 lb. of Powder.
Sep 24 Peter Berger; to hunt on the Missouri, on the
same terms and with same limitations as the fore-
going.
Robert Mc Clellan & Compy ; to trade at the Fire
Praire, with authority to the Agent or Sub Agent of
that place, so to extend the licence, as to embrace such
portion of the upper country as he (said Agent) may
judge proper. —
Secretary's Office
St. Louis September 30. 1808
Frederick Bates
Secy
TO PIERRE ANTOINE LA FORGE,163 NEW MADRID
St. Louis Oct 3. 1808.
Sir, Secretary's Office
Your letter complaining of the unlawful issue of certain
163 Pierre Antoine La Forge was exiled from France during the
French Revolution. With other Frenchmen he settled at Gallipolis, but
in 1791 moved to New Madrid where he acted as interpreter, commis-
sioner of the police, syndic, and officer of militia. After the acquisition
of Louisiana he was appointed civil commander and judge of the New
34 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
executions from the Office of the Clerk of the General
court,104 has been received by the Governor. —
His Excellency instructs me to say that you are probably
mistaken in the statement which you have made of the
transaction. Those suits are said to have been instituted
under the Spanish government, and placed on the docket of
the general court by order of Captain Stoddard.165 — At
any rate it is an affair in which the Governor is not dis-
posed to interfere. If any wrong has been done or suf-
fered, the general court will, on proper application award
an ample redress.
MERIWETHER LEWIS TO JOHN PERRY
Sir, St. Louis Octo. 10. 1808. —
Complaints of violence and a contempt of the Laws have
been lately exhibited against you, and so conclusively sup-
Madrid court of common pleas and quarter sessions. He was ill at the
time of the earthquake (1811) and died from exposure.
164 Section 8 of a law establishing courts of judicature, passed October
1, 1804, provided that, "There shall be holden and kept twice in every
year a supreme court of record which shall be called and styled the
general court, the sitting of which court shall commence at St. Louis
on the first Tuesdays in May and the last Tuesdays in October, yearly
and every year." Mo. Territorial Laws, I, 60. For amendments, see ibid.,
I, 59-64, 105-125, 183-184.
165 Amos Stoddard was born at Woodbury, Connecticut, on October
26, 1762. He served in the Revolutionary War during 1779-1782. After
the war he became clerk of the supreme court of Massachusetts. He
practiced law at Hallowell, Maine, during 1792-1798. He became a cap-
tain of artillery on June 1, 1798. He was appointed to receive Upper
Louisiana and acted as governor until the creation of the District of
Louisiana. He attained the rank of major in 1807 and in 1812 was ap-
pointed deputy-quartermaster. He was wounded at Fort Meigs, and
died of tetanus on May 11, 1813. His Sketches, Historical and Descriptive,
of Louisiana is an invaluable work.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 35
ported, as to render it highly improper, that you should be
longer continued in the discharge of public duties.
When an Officer acts in direct opposition to the best and
principal objects of his appointment, and perseveres in
that opposition, after being warned, cautioned & admon-
ished, it is surely time to inform such misguided Officer,
that his services are no longer required.
I do therefore revoke your commission as a Justice of
the Peace for the township of Breton, district of St. Gene-
vieve.
TO JOHN BURKE TREAT,166 TEMPORARY INDIAN
AGENT AT FORT MADISON, VILLAGE
OF THE ARKANSAS. —
Secretary's Office
Sir, St. Louis October 1808. —
Notwithstanding all the precautions which the Governor
has taken for the suspension of intercourse with the Osages,
he regrets to be informed that they are still supplied, from
your quarter, with military stores. It is particularly said,
on authority which cannot be questioned, that a trader of
your village, has lately taken into their country two barrels
of gunpowder.
I am instructed by his Excellency to require of you, a
rigid compliance with the orders formerly transmitted;
and to desire that you will employ every exertion, for the
detection and punishment of those persons, who either
have, or may hereafter, violate those orders. —
The Governor has indeed taken under the protection of
lee The Arkansas factory was established in 1805. Treat became the
factor in 1810. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, I, 768, 769.
36 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
the U. S. those of the great and little Osage who are about
to establish themselves at the Fire Praire,1*7 on the Mis-
souri. But those arrangements have, for the present, only
a local operation: They do not change those hostile rela-
tions, which lately subsisted and which still continue,
except with respect to those who manifest an amicable
temper by joining the Osage- Villages in the Fire Praire,
where a garrison is now building168 for their Security. All
others remain out of the protection of the U. S. and the
Govr. reiterates those prohibitions of intercourse, which I
had the honor to deliver you in July last.
When these differences are adjusted, I shall lose no time,
in advising you of so desirable an event.
GEORGE HOFFMAN TO BATES
Deae Friend: Chilicothe, Oct. 21st, 1808.
I am just now on my way to Washington City. I have no
news to communicate. There is much talk in the State
is? The region about Fort Osage was known as Fire Prairie. In the
treaty with the Osages of November 10, 1808, Fort Osage was to be
located on the Missouri, "a few miles above the Fire Prairie." American
State Papers, Indian Affairs, I, 766; Kappler, Indian Affairs, Laws, and
Treaties, II, 95.
168 in June, 1808, General Clark was ordered by the secretary of war
to fix on a suitable site for a factory. The place selected was on the
south side of the Missouri River about 300 miles from its mouth, near
modern Sibley, Jackson County, Missouri. Captain Eli B. Clemson with
his company of regular troops, accompanied by George C. Sibley, the
factor, ascended the river to erect Fort Osage, or as it was subsequently
called, Fort Clark. On September 4 General Clark arrived with a detach-
ment of militia. For the Indian situation and negotiations with the
Osages, see Clark to Eustis, February 20, 1810, American State Papers,
Indian Affairs, I, 765.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 37
about the Embargo. The word Embargo issued from the
mouth of almost every Woman & Boy I have met since I
entered the settlements, and was often used by men who
did not know whether it related to Vessels, Horses or Corn-
fields. . . .
It is with a good deal of reluctance I make the following
request. You are already informed of the death of Mr.
John Campbell. After my return to Detroit I was per-
suaded to become a candidate for the office of Indian Agent
for the Upper Mississippi. Sensible that I am far from
being perfectly qualified for such an appointment I hesi-
tated long before I agreed to it. The Governor, Major
Atwater, brother-in-law to S. E. Bradley, Mr. Sibley,169 &
the officers of Detroit Garrison gave me almost unasked
for, very flattering recommendatory letters. Judge Griffin
has also written to Governor Harrison requesting him to
use his influence in my behalf. "Will you venture to be-
friend me? From your representations Gov. Lewis will
perhaps write in my favor. I wrote to you from Macinac
soliciting letters but be assured that I did not think of
applying for this office until after I had been a week at
Detroit. The office of Factor with the usual salary was
what I then intended applying for. I have not yet seen
Gen'l Worthington nor Doctor Tiffin from both of whom
I expect letters ere I leave this place.
Excuse me for having written to you on the subject con-
tained in the latter part of this letter at the same time
that I have been acknowledging the receipt of your friendly
favor.
The third judge had not reached Detroit when I left
169 Solomon Sibley.
38 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
there, and no one had heard from him since he was ap-
pointed.
I have no doubt but that everything the late Mr. Camp-
bell told you respecting James Aird was true. Aird cer-
tainly is a British subject, and I know him to be one of the
members of the Michilmackinac Company.
He may perhaps from his having resided in the Indian
Country previous to the time of the evacuations of the
Western & No. Western Posts by the British claim under
Jay's treaty all the rights & privileges of an American
citizen. But still his interest is connected & interwoven
in that of many powerful British fur traders, and he con-
siders himself as one of the King's loyal subjects.
Write to me soon if you please, directed to W. City.
MERIWETHER LEWIS TO JAMES AUSTIN
glR^ St. Louis Nov 10. 1808.
I have lately received the depositions of St. Gamine
Beauvais,170 Amable Partnay171 and Louis Grenier172 in
relation to a riot, on the 2d of this month, in which John
Perry jr, Saml Perry and others were principally con-
cerned. It would appear to me, from the evidence which
has been transmitted, that it would be the duty of a Jus-
i7o St. Geminin or St. Gemenin Beauvais was born near Montreal
about 1770. He came to St. Louis in his early manhood. On December
5, 1799 Delassus granted him a vacant half block at the north end of
the village, and there he built a blacksmith shop. It stood on what is
now the northwest corner of Main and Cherry streets. He sold this and
in 1807 moved to Ste. Genevieve, but eventually returned to St. Louis.
171 Probably Amable Partenais who moved from Kaskaskia to Ste.
Genevieve. He was living at the latter place as early as 1797.
172 Louis Grenier was at Mine a Burton as early as 1802.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 39
tice of the Peace to issue his process for the arrest of the
offenders. You will therefore be pleased to review the sub-
ject, and compel the execution of your warrant, by the aid
of the militia of the neighbourhood, if necessary. The
delinquents should be bound in heavy penalties to keep the
peace, and answer for its late violation, at the next court
for the district of St. Genevieve, or otherwise they should
be committed to jail.
I desire that you will cause an estimation to be made, of
all the Lead Mineral which has been raised on the Lands
of the United States, adjacent to the lands of Moses Austin
Esquire. After an account has been made of this estima-
tion, you will permit the proper owners, that is, the persons
who have dug and raised it, to take it away. And if any
resistance be made by an armed force, the militia, are to
be called to your assistance, and in the event of a continued
forcible opposition, they are hereby ordered to fire on the
lawless Banditti, employed in the resistance.
GEORGE HOFFMAN TO BATES
^ g^ Washington City Nov. 15th. 1808.
I reached this place two days ago, and yesterday
received your letter of the 30. of August last — the style &
contents of which gave me infinite pleasure. My feelings
on the subject alluded to by the second paragraph thereof
were never other than those of sorrow & regret — for I
never entertained dislike nor ill will towards you — On the
contrary I felt exceedingly unhappy whenever the circum-
stance occurred to my recollection, which was frequently,
that any part of my conduct should have ever given you
cause to suspect either my candour, or my friendship for
40 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
you — However, thanks to fortune, all, it appears, is now
fairly understood; and, we can again go on with the same
unreserve & free interchange of idea, & information that
we ever did or could have done — And I pray most fer-
vently that all remembrance of the affair may be hurled
into oblivion ere this reaches you.
Your reply to my request for letters to your friends is
plain, candid and generous — And I believe that I feel as
grateful for it as I could have done had you written a
quire full in my behalf. I was wrong in soliciting your
interference for me — But what is much worse the impro-
priety was repeated by a letter I wrote to you from Chili-
cothe in October last. When I wrote from Macinac I had
no particular object in view — But when I came down to
Detroit the argument, flatteries & persuasions of my friends
induced me to become a candidate for an office for which
I never thought myself sufficiently qualified — Under a
belief that you had not only the ability but also the dispo-
sition to aid me, whenever you could consistent with pro-
priety, I ventured to invoke your friendship once more.
Your last letter is, however, a sufficient and satisfactory
answer to both my requests.
Yes, my dear friend, I feel very anxious to make an
exchange of office — But I have no reason to expect such
good luck — I was with the Secy, at War yesterday, who,
after reading my letters, informed me that the President
did not intend to appoint another Principal Indian Agent
for the Upper Mississippi — that he conceived it unneces-
sary at this time to run the Govt, to the expence incident
to such an appointment — that he means to send to that
Country merely a Sub-agent with a salary of 5 or 600$.
And that a Frenchman of your Country, recommended by
Genl. Clarke, was already fixed upon for that purpose —
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 41
Of course I said no more on that head — He treated me
politely — The residue of the letters I brought, altho ' they
might possibly be of service in other ways, I shall not
deliver. I was at the Treasury office also, but did not see
Mr. Gallatin. I set the people there to work at my
Accounts which I expect will all be adjusted in the course
of two or three days — They are obliged to pass through
so many different officers hands that it requires much more
time to settle them than one would at first imagine — I
shall, before I leave this place, pay into the Treasury all
I owe to the Govt. — But whether I shall return to Mac-
inac, or what else I shall turn my hands to for an honest
livelihood is to me as yet perfectly unknown.
I neither expect nor deserve thanks for this letter for I
have written nearly three pages altogether concerning my-
self— As to the business of Congress I can give you no
more information than the public prints contain — For
even the Members of Congress, individually, know no
more — They find themselves in a very intricate path.
They hardly know what is best to be done — For we
can't make successful war against either of the damn'd
nations who have so wantonly & grossly insulted & invaded
our rights & sovereignty — And the operation of the Em-
bargo, it seems, has not brought and is not likely to bring
either to a right sense of justice. A total non-intercourse
law with both the belligerent powers and their respective
dependencies making it felony for any American to have
Commercial intercourse with either, or the subjects of
either, or to be found aiding or supplying either in any
manner, it is thought will be resorted to as the most likely
to produce the desired effect — There is little doubt but
our Govt, will do France & England all the injury it can —
42 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
A Motion is now pending to permit free trade to & from
the West India Islands and the Canada's — It will hardly
grow into a Law — The subject of the Embargo will hardly
be argued before Monday — The Documents which accom-
panied the President's Message will not all be printed until
Saturday.
R. Munroe is here writing in the office of the Treasurer.
OBannon the celebrated heroe of Derne I am informed
lies under imputations not very honorable — Such as im-
mense and unwarrantable speculations & peculation during
his Command at Macinac — Selling public property of con-
siderable value without authority & disposing of the pro-
ceeds to his own private use — Hiring out the Soldiers
under his command to Citizens & receiving wages for their
services to his use — and of being guilty of many other
acts equally dishonest, low and mean — Having seen depo-
sitions on the subject I can't well doubt the truth of these
charges until he disproves them or some way destroys the
credibility of the deponents which I suspect is impossible
for him to do — I guess the Laurels he gained under Eaton
have withered & faded.
I shall quit this place for Chilicothe in the course of ten
or 14 days — I shall be happy to hear from you at De-
troit —
JOHN B. C. LUCAS, CLEMENT B. PENROSE, AND
FREDERICK BATES TO ALBERT GALLATIN173
gIR Saint Louis 26th November 1808.
The Board conceive it to be their duty to inform you of
the progress made in the business which Government have
173 The original manuscript is in House Files, 3451.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 43
confided to them. In a great majority of claims in which
testimony will be offered all the witnesses have been exam-
ined, and the claims laid over for decision, this was con-
ceived by the Board to be the most correct method until
the records were completed and before them, as they would
then have at one view all the claims of each individual,
indeed it was indispensably necessary in the claims of
persons under the 2d Section of the Act of 1805 that it
might be ascertained whether they claimed any other land
in their own name in the Territory: the Eecorder has not
yet been able to complete his entries in his books, of course
he cannot lay his records before the Board. It has been
stated to the Board by him that the claims & the written
evidences thereof which were entered for record in the
course of last June, will on the most moderate computation
cover seven hundred and fifty pages of eighteen inch rec-
ord books. The Recorder having been himself, during the
months of June and July engaged in a mission from the
Board to the Districts of New Madrid & Arkansas to
receive the testimony, hath not been able to return to Saint
Louis before the middle of August, it is obvious that some
more time hath elapsed before he could have made the
necessary arrangements in his office, with respect to the
claims that have been entered at his office during his
absence, and those that had been put in his hands while
he was taking testimony in the before mentioned districts.
This together with the increase of business which neces-
sarily followed a revision of all former proceedings will
exclude the possibility of making a report this Session
of Congress, as was by them contemplated.
It will probably occupy three months to complete the
testimony, about nine to make decisions and give certifi-
44 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
cates, & to make monthly returns, and not less than six to
close the business and make report; perhaps it is unneces-
sary to observe that the provision for compensation of the
Commissioners Clerk & Translator ends on the first of
January next.
o
GEORGE ARMISTEAD TO BATES
Deak Sir Fort Madison174 30th Novr 1808
Your letter by Mr Honey175 was handed me by that young
Gentl. Mr Mc Farling176 arrived some time after him he
is now waiting the return of the Arkansas Indians from
hunting I presume to give them a talk; he then proposes
assending this river with a party of Indians and Militia
to bring down the white hunters and traders I believe he
will find but very few traders and not one has gone as
far as the Osage Indians. I wrote you some time since
inclosing a talk of the Osage Indians they have since left
this as the Indians East of the Mississippi could not attend
to hold a talk untill the spring. I have since been informed
by Mr Mc Farling that the Governor is determined to have
them drove off this river if they do not of there own accord
move to the Mesura in all there talks at this place their
was and evident determinat in them never to return they
174 See note 113 above. In his list of government forts, Heitman does
not mention the Arkansas Fort Madison. Historical Register and Dic-
tionary of the United States Army, House Docs., 57 Cong., 2 Sess., Doc.
446, II, 521.
175 John W. Honey in 1814 was a partner of Christian Wilt in the
ownership of a shot tower near modern Illinois Station. In 1816 he
was one of the representatives from St. Louis County in the Missouri
territorial assembly.
i7fi James McParlane, McFarling, or McFarlin.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 45
complain much of a Mr Shoto177 and observed that, it was
his wish for them to return that his son would have the
benefit of there hunts. It appeared to be the wish of those
that visit this post to be at peace with the U. S. and all the
Indians. Mr Treat gave them a few presents and they took
there leave appearently much pleased, promised to return
the horses taken from the hunters last spring and never
again to stain the path with blud — I am realy pleased to
think that a Verga. will be our next president I have ever
herd the amiable accomplishments of Mr Madison an no
doubt but what he will follow the amiable qualities of Mr
Jefferson god grant he may. A soldier should never inter-
fer or hasard an opinion relative to politiks that they are
in duty bound to esteem merit and the virtuus correctors
who are placed at there head
The judges have Excepted there commissions and nex
monday we shall have a cort — Mr Mc Farling has excited
much allarm among the inhabitants from his threats and
bosting authority &c &c the particulars of which I do not
realy think worth mentioning as I presume you are
acquainted with him — I shall leave this in a few days for
Washington I have only to assure you that it will at all
times give me pleasure to hear from you, and, beg you to
present my respects the Governor
PERLY WALLIS TO BATES
Dear Sir — Arkansas Deer. 18th 1808
After my compliment to you I send you by Mr Mc Farlin
who goes to St. Louis with Claremont178 an Ossage Chief
177 Pierre Chouteau.
"8 He was variously known as Clermont or Clermore. His Indian
46 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
to gether with a number of his fellows an acount of the
Situation of the Inhabitants of this Place The Difficulty
occationed by the Depredations of the osage indians and
their being Declared out of the Protection of the United
States has occationed Serious alarm among those inhabi-
tants who have been acostomed to Depend upon hunting
for their subsistance Some few of them I understand
have ventered up the river to hunt how far they went I
cannot say but most of them returned when the aforsd.
Indians came Down there was Ten or Eleven of them came
here soon after you lef this Place and Taried considerable
Time which would inevitably have been killed by the Chac-
taws and other Indians had it not been for the vigilanc
care and Perservereanc of captain Armistead together with
the other gentlemen of this Place they returned and thus
have came which were very obstinate about going to St
Louis they Declare they have been betrayed cheated and
belied but this was the channel through which they would
wish to Treat and no other That they were the True and
Substantial friends of the white People and they implored
their Pity and Protection but the agent have Declared he
could not Treat withem Claremont which I believe to be
a great and a good man says White Hare and Shoto are
his mortal enemies the one be cause his father was the
only great Cheaf of Ossages and that Dignity belonged to
him (Claremont) and the other because he wished him to
leave his village on the Arkansas River and move over to
Missori which he never would in consequence of which
he had been striped of his Dignity and incapasitated to
render that Service to the white People which he other
name was Tawagahe, Builder of Towns. He was the lawful chief of the
Osages, but his right was usurped by White Hair while Clermont was an
infant.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 47
ways could, for the Truth of which his assertions he call
Grod and the ground to witness who he said were the two
greatest Powers That they both heard him and knew he
spoke truth but with much perswasion he has agreed to
go which I hope may come ta a favourable issue and he
Permitted to retain his Dignity and return in Time to his
village I think this man Deserves attention and has been
illy Treated by white hair the People of this country say
he has never suffered injury to be Done to the white People
when he could Possibly Prevent it and has often risqued
his life for that Purpose the People of this Place impa-
tient Desire me to write to you concerning their claims
If you have Leisure from business I wish you would write
me something concerning them I have sent you a line
before concerning The laws of the Territory we have them
in manuscript in Part which was sent by Mr. Honey I
wish you to inform me by the Earlyest oportunity The
event of the Indian Negociation I hope it will soon be so
that the Por hunters of this Place may return to the wods
(without a breach of the Laws of the United State) to
Procure themselves food and cloathing and some thing to
Pay their Debts They think it hard to brak of all of a
sudden Agriculture will be their object as soon as the
Land claims are adjusted and hunting of Little consequence
many families have no claims to Land in this country I
hope a Land office will soon be open for the sale of land
that all may Purchase Time fails.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
Sir, St. Louis Dec. 25. 1808.
I fear that in obtruding myself so frequently upon you
I have counted too largely on your indulgence. The em-
48 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
barrassing situations in which I have been occassionaliy
placed, appeared to require some explanations; in making
which I hope that official decorums have not been violated.
With the sincerest personal respect, and a just sense of
what is due to the first Officer of the Treasury, I never
have adventured to trouble you, with misunderstandings
merely personal. If they have ever been mentioned, it was
because I thought them so interwoven with the public
business as not to be susceptible of a separation from it.
The consciousness of acting under the dictates of the
purest convictions is not a sufficient reward: I aspire to
the approbation of those who have reposed in me so liberal
a confidence. —
Until very lately, the right of the Spanish Lt. Governor
as Sub Delegate to make orders of survey after the pro-
mulgation of the Intendants' Regulations,179 was never
questioned. The late Board was unanimous in a confirma-
tion of claims of this description. A difference in opinion
arises now, for the first time, on this subject, and like all
former differences, have degenerated into personal hos-
tility. These regulations were published at St. Louis on
179 The regulations of the Intendant Morales were put forth at New
Orleans in July, 1799. They are in translation in American State Papers,
Public Lands, V, 731-734. Under the regulations of O'Reilly (February
18, 1770) and of Gayoso (September 9, 1797) the commandants of St.
Louis and New Madrid, as sub-delegates of the Governor General at New
Orleans, made land grants. The regulations of Morales placed the
granting of lands in the hands of the Intendant. Several of the Spanish
officials insisted that the Morales regulations were never in effect in
Upper Louisiana, and certainly many grants were made by the officials
of Upper Louisiana after the promulgation of the Morales instructions.
The question of the legality of these grants was one of the knotty prob-
lems which had to be solved by the commissioners. For excellent discus-
sions of the entire subject, see Houck, History of Missouri, II, 214-230;
Violette, "Spanish Land Claims in Missouri," in Washington University,
Studies, VIII, 167-200.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 49
the 6th Feby 1800 from which time until the 1st of October
following I have been of opinion that the Lt Governor, in
capacity of Sub Delegate of the Intendency (as recognized
in the preamble to the 38 articles of Morales) did possess
the power to order the survey. In this opinion Mr. Pen-
rose concurs, tho', as he is pleased to say, for very different
reasons from those which I have assigned. I do not know
what his reasons are, but this, with a thousand other cir-
cumstances of a similar kind, afford me the painful assur-
ance, that tho' we agree in sentiment an unhappy spirit
of repulsion, or perversity of temper will incessantly
divide us. Judge Lucas is greatly and decidedly opposed
to these orders, and has employed all the vast resources
of a fertile fancy, in combating them.
I take the liberty to enclose you the translation of one
of those orders, which so far from being a contradiction
of the Articles, is, as I think, a practical commentary,
demonstrative of the course marked out by the Intendant,
as far as circumstances permitted that course to be trod-
den. —
The 15th Article,180 on which the Judge principally relies,
says 'All concessions shall be granted in the name of the
king, by the General Intendant, who will order the surveyor
&c.' I take this Article, however, merely as a declaration
of the manner, in which the complete title will issue, and
not as a restraint of that power, which the Sub Delegates
iso Article 15 read as follows : "All concessions shall be given in the
name of the King, by the general intendant of this province, who shall
order the surveyor general or one particularly named by him to make
the survey, and mark the land by fixing bounds, not only in front but
also in the rear; this ought to be done in the presence of the commandant
or syndic of the district, and of two of the neighbors, and these four
shall sign the proces verbal, which shall be drawn up by the surveyor."
American State Papers, Public Lands, V, 733.
50 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
(formerly the subordinate officers of the civil and military
government) were expected to exercise. These officers
formed a part of the Intendancy, and transacted matters
of detail within their respective limits. They commenced,
but did not perfect the title and the head of the department
might, no doubt, order a re survey, if he was dissatisfied
with the original. If all the requisites of this Article were
complied with, the claimant would have nothing to ask
from our government. His title would have been complete
without its interposition. But it is now our business to do
that which the Intendant would have done, under the late
order of things: to foster and mature those germs which
our Predecessors planted; to grant confirmations to those
who by three years residence and cultivation had acquired
the right of domain.
The Lt. Governor, as Sub Delegate had the initiative, by
virtue of his office, as appears by the 2d Article181 of the
Regulations; and this initiative, tho' not a 'Concession*
as mentioned in the 15th Article, assumes the language of
one, as a bill assumes the language of the Law, before it
acquire the constitutional sanctions.
If this construction be a false one, the Regulations of
Morales are impracticable. The policy of the Spanish Gov-
ernment was to create in Louisiana, population, industry
and a market, which might relieve them from a precarious
isi The second article read: "To obtain the said concessions [grants
for newly arrived families], if they are asked for in this city [New
Orleans], the permission which has been obtained from the governor to
establish themselves in the place ought to accompany the petition, and
if in any of the posts the commandant at the same time will state that
the lands asked for are vacant and belong to the domain, and that the
petitioner has obtained permission of the government to establish himself,
and referring to the date of the letter or the advice they have received."
American State Papers, Public Lands, V, 732.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 51
dependence on the United States, for indispensable sup-
plies. For the promotion of this object, liberal induce-
ments were held out to those Americans who would estab-
lish themselves as Planters or Farmers in the province.
1 cannot conceive, that it was the intention of government
to compel these People, on their arrival in the country to
suspend their labours, until an order of survey could be
procured from the Intendant at the distance of fifteen hun-
dred miles. And no man I presume, would think of making-
expensive establishments until his limits were permanently
ascertained.
The principle for which I contend, accomplishes the
object contemplated in your instructions of 2d of April
1807 the ' Confirmation of all equitable claims' founded as
in the instances before us, on good faith, less in their quan-
tity than 800 arpens and supported by actual residence and
cultivation. It is, I think impossible that either the inter-
ests or honour of our government, should be compromitted
by this just, and at the same time, cautious and guarded
construction. On the other hand, the idea of Judge Lucas,
would in its operation, be greatly injurious to those claim-
ants, under the orders of Colo. Lassus,182 who settled sub-
sequently to the 6th of Feby and before the 1st of Oct.
1800 and who did not happen to inhabit on the 20th of
Deer. 1803. No provision is made for these People, in our
statutes, and the Spanish Eegulations will not embrace
their case, if we deny to their claims a legal commence-
ment. For no equity can be extracted from those preten-
182 Charles Dehault Delassus arrived at New Orleans in 1794. In 1796
Carondelet appointed him commandant at New Madrid. In 1799 De Lemos
appointed him lieutenant-governor of Upper Louisiana, a position which
he held until the transfer to Stoddard in October, 1804.
52 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
sions which were ab initio1** contrary to the usages of the
country. This, confirms me in the supposition, that gov-
ernment has anticipated the decision of this question, and
intended that there should be no discrimination between
the orders of survey made before and after the promulga-
tion of the Intendant's Regulations, unless special frauds,
either proven or suggested, should cast a darker veil of
suspicion over the one than the other, and thus create an
accidental difference which did not exist in principle.
At the instance of Judge Lucas, and to the disappoint-
ment of the wishes of Mr. Penrose, I have consented to the
postponement of these claims till the 15th of March, during
which time we shall be employed on cases of unquestioned
merit, and on which no difference of opinion is expected to
arise. This deference I thought due to the Government,
who, if we are wrong will set us right, and prevent the
unpleasant business of revision.
A claim of 400 arpens184 founded on a concession or order
of survey of the Lt. Gov : has been lately confirmed. Habi-
tation and cultivation for about nine years were proven.
Judge Lucas opposed it, and protested on the minutes, —
as the order contained a condition for the building of a
Bridge, which condition had never been performed. It was
my opinion that the Ordinances had prescribed the terms
of contract between the Government and the settler and
that additional obligations created by the Lt. Governor,
(The Claimant indeed himself proposed this condition in
his Petn. to the Lt. Gov : but it is known that these Papers
were always dictated by the Govt: Agents) ought by us
183 Ab initio, from the beginning.
is* "The arpent is to the statute acre nearly in the proportion of
eighty-three to one hundred." Bradbury, Travels, in Early Western
Travels, V, 196.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 53
to be disregarded, when the claim was of no greater extent
than the individual might have demanded, for himself and
family under the provincial policy. This is the spot, on
which the town of Herculaneum, has been lately laid out,
at the mouth of the Joachim.
I do not know by what authority it has been familiarly
spoken of here, that the board would probably be reformed,
on the model of those on the east of the Mississippi,185 with
a design to suppress that acrimony and those fervors of
parliamentary debate, which have heretofore, as is alledged,
retarded the public business, and contributed to keep alive
the flame of former animosity. Should it be my fate to
give place to some more deserving Officer, my chief morti-
fication would arise, not, assuredly, from the loss of Office,
but from the displeasure of those, whose good opinion I
have been so solicitous to deserve. I have never for a
moment forgotten, that my country pays a high price for
my services, and that those services should be faithfully
rendered to her, — or rather that she confides in my honour
and that I have no right to disappoint her.
Thomas F. Riddick the Clerk of the Board has more
than justified that favorable opinion, which was at first
entertained of him. He is a man of business and con-
tinues to give new proofs of his capacity. His friends
mistaking my standing at Washington, have pressed me to
recommend him as Eeceiver of Public Monies when that
185 For Indiana Territory an act of congress of March 26, 1804 estab-
lished three land offices, one at Detroit, one at Vincennes, and one at
Kaskaskia. For each office a register and receiver of public monies was
to be appointed. For each district the register and receiver were to be
commissioners for examination of claims based upon French and British
grants. The various boards were to meet in their districts on or before
January 1, 1805 to hear claims. U. S., Statutes at Large, II, 277-278.
54 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
Office should be created. To these solicitations I have
replied that I well know the worth of Mr. Riddick; his
qualifications for the Office and his attachment to the gov-
ernment ; but that I had no influence and that the Secretary
of the Treasury, to whom alone, I could write, did not
expect to hear fiom me on such subjects.
GALLATIN TO THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES18"
Treasury Department
gIR January 5th 1809
I have the honor to enclose the copy of a letter from the
Commissioners appointed to settle the land claims in Louis-
iana; from which it appears that they cannot complete the
business within the time fixed by law, and apply for a con-
tinuation of compensation. Their case is similar to that
of the Commissioners West of Pearl river in the Missis-
sippi Territory who acted several months after the time
during which they were entitled by law to compensation
had expired. The Register of that district still urges the
justice of the claim; & so far as relates to himself, no
officer is better entitled to an allowance for the time above-
mentioned, if the principle shall be admitted in any one
case.
JOHN W. HONEY TO BATES
Dear Sir Arkansas 12th Jany. 1809
His Excellency Meriwether Lewis having done me the
honor of entrusting me with several offices of trust in this
186 Original in the Treasury Department, Mail "E," 3455.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 55
District, Considering myself at present a Citizen of the
same, I consider it my duty to make known the several
inconveniences which the Citizens of this District labour
under at present and also those which they have laboured
under (and which I am afraid are not entirely removed)
at least such as has come to my knowledge, And having
a more particular personal acquaintance with yourself
than with his Excellency, and doubting whether he is at
present in St. Louis I take the liberty of addressing you
on the Subject. In the first place I shall endeavour to
give you an account of Mr. James Mc Farlane who was
sent on here by the Governor on a special Mission to regu-
late the trade and Intercourse the several tribes of Indians
in this quarter.
Having engaged a passage with Mr. Mc Farlane from
St. Louis to Arkansas he was very particular before leaving
St. Louis in requesting that I would not mention to any
person whatever, the cause of his Mission or to what place
he was bound thinking that perhaps his business might be
of a secret Nature But in reality not knowing the cause
of his Mission I was particular in not mentioning it to any
person untill after we had left St. Louis. In few day how-
ever finding that he did not keep the secret himself But
told it and braged of his importance to every person we
met with, I no longer considered myself bound to keep my
tongue tied any longer But mentioned to several persons
here the oppinion I had of Mr. Mc Farlane and the cause
of his Missions which I heard him repeat more than once
in descending the Mississippi —
I accompanied Mr. Mc Farlane as far as the river St.
Francois where having hired two men and Bought a small
Canoe I came on immediately to this place and he ascended
56 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
the St. Francois where having remained for some Days at
the risk of his life he returned down the St. Francois and
came to Arkansas. Finding Mr. Mc Farlane to be rather
illiterate and knowing that he boasted of more authority
than he really was clothed with I was suspicious that dur-
ing his Stay up the St. Francois he had Committed some
unlawfull act which would be a disgrace to himself and
perhaps prejudice some people against the good and ami-
able man who sent him among us, impressed with this idea
I took the Liberty of enquiring how he succeeded among
the Cherokees and obtained the following account from
himself in presence of several respectable Gentlemen in this
place among whom was Capt. George Armistead.
Mr. Mc Farlane ascended the St. Francois without any
thing particular occuring, But on his arrival at the Cher-
okee Village he found that a Certain Mr. Jones of Vin-
cennes had sent a Considerable quantity of Merchandise
to their Village among which was about six Barrells of
Whiskey which he found in the hands of their Chief Named
Connatoo, he immediately attached them in the Name of
the United States as Goods belonging to an illicit trader,
but thinking that he might take them away as well another
time this mighty man of reason left them in the hands of
the identical Man from whom he took them and in the hands
of a man that was interested in the sale of them and who
had been selling whiskey to the rest of the Indians ever
since he first received them in so much that all the Indians
were drunk on Mr. Mc Farlanes arrival among them and
continued so untill his departure.
But his Career among the Indians does not cease here he
found among them a white man who the Indians informed
him had been marking out several tracts of land and had
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 57
told them that the land did not belong to them — meaning
the Cherochee But that it belonged to their great father
the president of the United States who gave him leave to
mark out the land and reside among them as he had done.
Mc Farlane instead of taking that man and bringing him
to a Court of Justice where he might have a fair and just
trial he took him without any process whatever and I say
without Justice (for it all ways has been a principal among
Americans that a man is entirely inocent let him be accused
of what Crime whatsoever untill he is found guilty by his
Country) and having disarmed him of his Gun and Cut a
whip Mc Farlane drew his dirk approached the man &
ordered him not to move upon pain of instant Death when
he gave him as he observed about forty stripes well laid on.
Mr. Mc Farlane left the Cherochee nation and descended
the St. Francois on his arrival at the little prairree at the
mouth of that river this Enlightened Stateman in endeav-
ouring to inforce the Laws of his Country as he thought,
tho in too rough a manner got himself into another Scrape
I will not attempt to discribe it to you for I dare say he
will make it known himself at St. Louis and you will have
a better oppor. of knowing more concerning his Conduct.
He arrived here in Arkansas about the 23d — 24th or
25th of November last where he has produced universal
terror, a few day after his arrival here he demanded
thirty men from Capt. Armistead the then Commanding
Officer at this poste and gave out that he should go with
those men together with the Militia and Indians recon-
noitour the woods and Drive every hunter home that if
they made the least resistance he would tie them and whip
at the first tree he should find, a Messenger was sent to
the hunters by some of the Inhabitants as I have understood
58 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
to inform them of the intentions of Mr. Mc Farlane the
hunters hearing this and that all their property was to be
Confiscated many of them returned to Arkansas terrified
almost to Death expecting that otherwise they would have
been sent home in Chains. —
He threatened to take our sheriff, and our judges away
with him in order to bring down these hunters and as to
myself he threatened to put me, (I having taken the liberty
of telling him I would not obey his Commands) into Prison
if I did not —
Some time before he left this which was on the 15th of
December a Party of the Ossage Indians consisting of about
ten men came to this place in order to hold a Counsel with
Mr. Treat. Mr. Treat in his Counsel advised them to go
to St. Louis with Mr. Mc Farlane the Indians said that
they were afraid of the Cherochees and other nations with
whom they were at war, But Mc Farlane having assured
them that while he was with them no person dare lay hands
upon them! they Consented and left this place with him,
and got as far as the Cherochee village on the St. Fran-
cois river where (as I understood by a Gentlemen immedi-
ately from there) the Osage Indians were detained by the
Cherochees who said that the whites had been triing a
long time to make peace between the red skins But had
never succeeded and as they had the Osages then there
they would keep them untill they could assemble the Shaw-
nees, Delawares, Chicasaws and Choctaws to trie to make
a peace among themselves and the Osages say as Mc Far-
lane has brought them into trouble they will keep him untill
he take them out so that there is an embargo laid on him
he has his foot in the fire and I doubt very much whether
he knows how to get it out, the Indians call him a liar and
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 59
say that he is sent on here by Chouteau who they be-
lieve is the cause of their being Declared out of the pro-
tection of the United States. —
Of Mr. Mc Farlane I'll say no more the subject is so
mysterious and there is so many instances of his absurd
Conduct that I do not know where to begin or end But
was I with you I could tell you more about him than you
can possibly imagine —
Mr. Fooy187 excepted his Commissions, I administered to
him the oaths of office and came on here as quick as pos-
sible But can assure that my passage was not very short,
I arrived here on the 15th of November last and on the
Day after my arrival here I waited on Mr. Charles Refeld
for whom I was the bearer of a Commission appointing him
a Judge of the Court of Common pleas of this District But
he immediately refused acceptance though not without
expressing his Gratitude in the highest term and with many
Gestures to the Governor for the honor which he done him
in placing so much Confidence his Integrity and abilities,
Mr. Vaugine and Stillwell188 excepted But knowing them
not to be (tho very good men) very well acquainted with
the proceeding in Courts I was particular in making
enquirees for a suitable person to recommend to the Gov-
ernor in place of Mr. Refeld, Mr. Daniel Mooney has been
frequently mentioned to me and I am Confident that there
is not an other who would please the Citizens of this Dis-
trict more to see on the Bench of Justice, Neither do I
believe there is one more worthy of the trust, Mr. Vaugine
187 Benjamin Fooy, a surveyor then located at Esperanza, modern
Hopefield, Arkansas.
188 Probably Harold Stillwell, a lieutenant in the New Madrid regi-
ment in 1812.
60 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
and Stillwell will write by this opportunity and they being
better acquainted with Mr. Mooney than myself will give
you a better account of him
The Governor having neglected to give me Commissions
for Commissioners of rates and Levies and not having had
an opportunity of obtaining a Copy of the Law regulating
the same no property has been assessed and no taxes col-
lected Mr. Vaugine will recommend some persons in his
letter as Commissioners and Mr Bates will greatly oblige
the District if he will send on Commissions by the first
favourable opportunity together with the Law regulating
rates and levies —
The papers with which you entrusted me I delivered to
Mr. Treat and took up your receipt which I send enclosed.
By a Gentleman from Oautchitau I learn (tho from what
source he derives his information I know not) that war has
been declared between the U S. and France that George III
of Great Britain is Dead and that George IV has ascended
the throne.
I am sorry that I have no news very interesting. . . .
P. S. enclosed I send you a piece of poetry189 composed
by a Gentleman of this place which I presume you will
understand without any remark I forgot to observe that
we have no seals for this District —
LEASE OF SALTPETRE CAVES TO WILLIAM
MATHERS
This Contract made and entered into at Saint Louis the
23d day of February one thousand, eight hundred and
189 The poem is missing.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 61
nine, between His Excellency Meriwether Lewis, Governor
of the territory of Louisiana, on the one part, and William
Mathers Esquire of the other part, witnesseth, that for and
in consideration of the stipulations herein after mentioned
the Governor on his part engages that the said William
Mathers shall, for the term of twelve months from the date
hereof, have, hold, use, occupy, possess and enjoy four
lots of ground of twenty acres each, all of which are above
the mouth of the little Meramec, and lie on both sides of
the main river of that name — and embrace, each, as said
Mathers alledges, a Salt-Petre-Cave, the property of the
United States : — And the Governor engages that the said
Mathers shall, during the said term, be permitted to make
use of as much of the timber and fire wood of the United
States, to be found on their adjacent lands, as may be suf-
ficient for the establishments, which he said Mathers, shall
make, at the several caves above mentioned.
And the said William Mathers, on his part, engages, and
binds himself, his Heirs, Executors and administrators, in
consideration of the above Lease, to pay to Meriwether
Lewis Governor as aforesaid, or to his successors in office,
the sum of Five hundred dollars, money of the United
States, — With these conditions, nevertheless, that if the
said William Mathers, shall manufacture the Salt Petre
of the said Caves, in conformity with such regulations, as
the Government of the United States, may think proper
to establish ; if he shall furnish to the United States all the
Salt-Petre, which he shall make or cause to be made at the
said Caves, at such prices as government may determine
on, not less than seventeen cents per pound; if he shall
not dispose of any of the Salt Petre to any person, until
the pleasure of government shall be known ; and, if he shall
62 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
(in the event of government's declining to take the Salt
Petre, at the rate of seventeen cents per pound or the gun
powder manufactured therefrom, at the rate of fifty —
cents per pound, which they stipulate for the privilege of
doing) give to the Governor, quarterly, a just and true
account of the quantity of the Salt Petre manufactured at
the said Caves, and pay to him, for the use of the United
States, at the town of St. Genevieve or St. Louis to such
agent as said Lewis shall appoint to receive the same, five
per cent of the Salt Petre so manufactured, then, to wit,
on a compliance with these several conditions, the obliga-
tion which the said William Mathers has herein before
taken upon himself, to be void, else to remain in force.
It is moreover stipulated between the parties that if it
should appear that those lots or either of them is or are
the private property of any person or persons or claimed
as such before the Board of Commissioners, this lease is
to be thenceforth void as to such lot or lots. It is also to
be void on the forfeiture of any of the conditions of the
foregoing obligation. —
In witness whereof, the parties have set their hands to
duplicates hereof, at St. Louis, the day and year first above
written.
Sealed and delivered Meriwether Lewis (Seal)
in presence of Wm Mathers (Seal)
Wm Clark
F. Bates as to
Wm. Mathers
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 63
TO ABEAM MUSICK190
glR St. Louis April 1. 1809
I send herein enclosed, the Certificate of the Commis-
sioner confirming to you 400 arpents of Land on Bon
Homme.
If you are desirous of conveying this Land to Mr. Lewis,
as I think you mentioned to me, you have only to execute
the deed with reference to the Certificate of confirma-
tion ; — acknowledge the same before a Justice of the
Peace, and deliver all the Papers to Mr. Lewis. — He will
then, at his leisure present them to me in exchange for a
Patent Certificate.
TO CAPTAIN JAMES HOUSE, BELLEFONTAINE
Secretary's Office
glR St. Louis April 13. 1809.
By order of Gov Lewis, I take the liberty to enclose you
a Commission for Mr. Pryor as a Justice of the Peace for
the township of Cuivre,191 district of St. Charles. Also, a
Dedimus by which you are empowered to administer his
oaths of Office. —
I also take the liberty, at the instance of the Governor,
to transmit you two letters, which it is said have relation
to a Deposition, which Mr. Kingsley is expected to give in
an affair at law, in the Indiana. —
190 Abram or Abraham Musick was from Albemarle County, Virginia.
During the Revolutionary War he served as a spy on the North Carolina
frontier. In 1797 he was living in the Bon Homme district.
i9i Now in Audrain County, Missouri.
64 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
I hope you will have the goodness to attend to this busi-
ness. If certificate of the qualification of Mr. Pryor be for-
warded to me, together with the Deposition I shall be
enabled to give assurances to the Court, in which the suit
is depending, that the forms have been complied with —
EXTEACT FROM A LETTER TO RICHARD BATES
Dear Richard: APril 15> 1809
I have spoken my wrongs with an extreme freedom to
the Governor. — It was my intention to have appealed to
his superiors and mine; but the altercation was brought
about by a circumstance which aroused my indignation, and
the overflowings of a heated resentment, burst the barriers
which Prudence and Principle had prescribed. We now
understand each other much better. We differ in every
thing; but we will be honest and frank in our intercourse.
I lament the unpopularity of the Governor; but he has
brought it on himself by harsh and mistaken measures. He
is inflexible in error, and the irresistable Fiat of the People,
has, I am fearful, already sealed his condemnation. Burn
this, and do not speak of it.
TO JAMES ABBOTT
Dear Sir, St- Louis AP 20- 1809
• ••••••
I am happy to hear of the smoothness & exemption from
difficulty with wch. you are about to complete the Land-
Business. Ours cannot be finished in less than 18 mos. —
The Regime of Governor Leivis. 65
Our personal quarrels retard the adjustment. We have
a mighty stir & bustle about Indian War; but those who
are best acquainted with Indian matters, say, there is no
danger — There certainly is none except in the event of
a British War. Accept my best wishes for your prosperity
& happiness.
JOHN COBUKN TO BATES
Deae Sik ^t Gtenevieve May 2d 1809
By the time you receive this line, you will have seen Doct
Farrar192 who will inform you of the unpleasant trip we
have had on his return home.
I return my sincere thanks to you for the use of your
horse; and regret that he should not be in better order.
The continued rains and the badness of the roads will
reduce any thing formed of flesh. I assure you my best
exertions have been used to treat him well.
The Gen. Court met on Monday, and determined to
adjourn; my impression is, that by continuing the Court
open, we should have embarrased the inhabitants of the
Territory; between their business as Suitors, Witnesses &
Jurors, and their Services as Militia Men. —
I am induced to believe we should have been instrumental
in defeating the projected expedition ; and have performed
192 Dr. Bernard G. Farrar was born in Goochland, Virginia, in 1785.
The Farrar family moved to Kentucky. After studying medicine in
Philadelphia, Dr. Farrar located at Frankfort, Kentucky. Judge Coburn,
his brother-in-law, was appointed a judge of the Territory of Louisiana,
and this caused Farrar to locate at St. Louis in 1807. In 1810 he fought
a duel with James A. Graham, a young lawyer. Graham's injuries
eventually proved fatal. In 1812 Farrar was elected to the territorial
assembly. In 1815 he helped to found the Western Journal. In 1817 he
served as surgeon at the first Benton-Lucas duel.
66 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
very little business in Court, provided we had not
adjourned.
Under this conviction I was averse to placing obstacles
in the way of the orders of the Executive. How far the
safety of the Territory is endangered by the movements
of the Indians, I am unable to say; But I am convinced
the cautionary steps taken in the defense of the Territory
are highly proper. It would afford me pleasure to have
seen you, but I shall return to Kentucky without delay. —
TO ROBERT SMITH, SECRETARY OF STATE
Secretary's Office
Sni, St. Louis May 20. 1809
I have the honor to transmit for the information of the
President the copies required by the 2d Sec of the 'Act
further providing for the government of the district of
Louisiana. '
The Report should have been made on the 1st day of
April last — I pray you to pardon the delay.
The Executive proceedings of the six months preceding
that day were so inconsiderable as to be made up in a few
moments ; but I thought it best not to transmit them, unac-
companied by the Laws.193 These latter were in press
and I had weekly assurances of being supplied with a copy.
Some accidental derangement in the business of the
Printer delayed the completion of the work, much longer
than was expected.
103 Fifteen acts were passed between October 1, 1808 and April 1,
1809. See Mo. Territorial Laws, I, 195-236.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 67
The General Orders and other military arrangements,
are not deposited for record in my Office.
TO GEORGE HOFFMAN, COLLECTOR, MACKINAC
j)R SlR St. Louis May 25. 1809
Mr. Cheney will hand you this letter. He is a gentleman
of very respectable standing in our town and merits on his
own account, rather than on my recommendation, every
civility which you can show him.
I had the pleasure to receive by last Post, yours of the
7th March, from Detroit. The restoration of our commer-
cial relations with G. Britain, which takes place the 10th
of next month, will fix you permanently at Mackinac.
I have a two fold pleasure in congratulating you on this
desirable event, the prosperity of our country and the pro-
motion of your individual interests.
I will give some account of Louisiana very soon — 111
health and a pressure of business now prevent me.
TO RICHARD BATES
St. Louis July 14, 1809. —
When yr. Friend Stuart194 arrived in town he called at
the Land Board before the usual hour of the meeting of
the commissioners & left yr. letter with the clerk. I waited
is* Alexander Stuart was a Virginian. He practiced law at Kaskaskia
as early as 1806. He was an intimate friend of Governor Lewis and was
one of the three executors of his estate.
68 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
on him in the afternoon of that day & on the following-
morning, pressed him to call on me and in fact tendered to
him all those civilities which were due to yr. request and
to his merits. Notwithstanding which I was not favored
with a visit until yesterday. We live indeed in different
parts of the town & at considerable distance from each
other. Besides which I have attached myself to the French
circles into which he appears to avoid an introduction.
The Seat of the Illinois Government (Kaskaskia) is no
more than 60 miles from this place, on the other bank of
the river. The Judge has procured apartments in our
town, and appears to be permanently settled among us. —
He will get office here as soon as he can.
Gov Lewis leaves this in a few days for Phila. Washingn
&c. He has fallen from the Public esteem & almost into
the public contempt. He is well aware of my increasing
popularity (for one scale sinks as the other rises, without
an increase of gravity except comparative) and has for
some time feared that I was at the head of a Party whose
object it would be to denounce him to the President and
procure his dismission. The Gov: is greatly mistaken in
these suspicions; and I have accordingly employed every
frank & open explanation which might have a tendency to
remove that veil with which a few worthless fellows have
endeavoured to exclude from him the sunshine. He called
at my Office & personally demanded this explanation. It
was made with that independence which I am determined
shall mark my conduct on all occasions; and accompanied
with an assurance that the path of life, which I had long
since prescribed to myself did not admit of prevarication.
As a Citizen, I told him I entertained opinions very dif-
ferent from his, on the subject of civil government, and
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 69
that those opinions had, on various occasions been
expressed with emphasis; but that they had been unmixed
with personal malice or hostility. I made him sensible that
it would be the extreme of folly in me to aspire above my
present standing: that in point of Honor, my present
Offices were nearly equal to the government and greatly
superior in emolument — And that the latter could not,
from any motives of prudence be accepted by me, if offered
by the President. 'Well' said he 'do not suffer yourself
to be separated from me in the public opinion; When we
meet in public, let us, at least address each other with cor-
diality.' My very humanity yielded a prompt assent to
this Eequest, and for this I am resolved to take every oppor-
tunity of convincing the People that however I may have
disapproved & continue to disapprove the measures of the
Governor, that as a man, I entertain good opinions of him.
He used me badly, but as Pope says 'Twas when he knew
no better' — In one particular case when he had deter-
mined to go to Washington (tho' he did not go) he left
certain Executive Business to be performed by Genl. Clark;
tho' the Laws have expressly provided for his absence. I
waited on His Excellency & demanded that the General
should be called in. The Gentlemen were then told that
I would suffer no interferences &c. &c. &c. — How unfor-
tunate for this man that he resigned his commission in the
army: His habits are altogether military & he never can
I think succeed in any other profession —
When I sat down to write this letter, I intended that it
should have been a very short one; but since I have gone
so far into a relation of my misunderstandings with the
Governor, I will briefly state to you those contests which
for the last 11 months I have been obliged to maintain
70 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
with my colleague Judge Lucas.195 You have heard of this
man : He was formerly a member of Congress from Pitts-
burgh & a Judge of one of the circuit courts of Pennsyl-
vania. He was never my friend, since I began to gain a
little credit at Washington; and commenced his attacks
(in business I mean & shielded by his official character)
on my return from the lower districts, last year. It was
imagined by the whole country that I had done my duty
faithfully — & this good word was sufficient to excite all
the angry malignity of the Judge. He attacked my Report
which was contained in three quires of Paper, & which was
no doubt, in many respects defective with so much precipi-
tance, as not to discover its vulnerable points, and it had
the good fortune to triumph, at length, over all his cen-
sures. Foiled in this object he commenced a system of
poignant pleasantry at some times, and of sarcasm at
others by which he has frequently raised a storm from
which he has been willing enough to retreat. A winter
campaign was carried on with vigilance & activity on both
sides — but at length the People so unanimously took part
with me as to reduce the Judge to silence, except at long
intervals. — He is indeed a man of superior order, but so
completely the child of passion the creature of impulse, as
to run every hour into the grossest & most palpable incon-
sistencies. He has absolutely no attachments & his ani-
mosities are immortal. He is capable of the darkest &
most desperate intrigues, yet a skilful antagonist may, at
all times develope his machinations & draw him from his
ambitions by playing on those passions which have of late
become too strong for his Control.
195 About three thousand claims were decided by the commissioners.
For these decisions and the votes of the commissioners, see American
State Papers, Public Lands, II, 388-603.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 71
C. B. Penrose, the other Commissioner, as he has been
always accustomed to lean on some body, rests for the
present on Lucas, from whom he fears to differ in opinion,
on any question of moment. P. is, indeed a man of sense,
but too weak minded & versatile to be entrusted with the
transaction of important business. When Lucas & myself
quarrel, as we had the indecorum to do last winter, before
crowded Audiences of Claimants, Penrose had the good
sense to hold his tongue. He is however a willing Dupe &
shares with Lucas the public execrations. These two men
have treated the People with so much harshness & travelled
out of their own sphere with so little dignity, that the most
respectable individuals of the country have been on the
point of compelling them to cross the Mississippi. Their
insolence of Office is boundless; their usurpation of power
unparalelled. The U. States have counsel at the Board a
Lawyer by profession and in all respects worthy of the
trust reposed in him: Yet they take the business out of
his hands ; they plead the cause & pronounce the doom of
affluence or poverty afterwards. They voted the necessity
of the commissioners personally making a survey when the
U. States have surveyors196 (very intelligent ones too)
regularly appointed for that object : But on my refusal to
accompany them, they shrunk from the ridicule of such
wanton and illegal interference and rescinded the order. —
i9« By act of congress of February 28, 1806 the surveyor general was
given authority to have surveys made of the United States lands in the
Territory of Louisiana to which Indian title had been or might be extin-
guished. It was his duty to appoint skilled surveyors as his deputies,
one of whom was to be designated as the principal deputy. The principal
deputy was to reside in and keep an office in the territory, and under
the general superintendence of the surveyor general, was to cause sur-
veys authorized by law, as might be directed by the commissioners, to
be made. U. S., Statutes at Large, II, 352-353.
72 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Lucas is a man of the finest fancy & most brilliant imag-
ination with whom I was ever acquainted, and when he
chuses to be pleasant, his conversations are obsolutely
fascinating. But (as I think) he wants judgment, he wants
principle & will one day become, in the opinions of all a
designing old Euffian. I am myself astonished at the suc-
cess with which I have repelled the protean like attacks
of this crafty old Cerberus.197 I was once on the brink of
despair, but animated by a consciousness of right & by
the popular support, I have at length obliged him to grind
his teeth in silence. A circumstance, besides has lately
transpired, as much for me, as against my Colleagues, and
I really feel so triumphant on the occasion that I cannot
forbear mentioning it to you. The People had appointed
a committee of correspondence on the subject of their
claims to Lands depending before the commissioners. A
part of the business of this committee was to procure, if
possible an amelioration of those principles by which the
Board have been heretofore governed; & for this purpose
the gentlemen addressed themselves to certain members
of the Senate who replied that 'the opinions of Mr. B if in
favour, would have great weight in inducing government
to grant the Petition, ' — I had, indeed, no doubt, that
those liberal & concilitory constructions which I had placed
197 Proteus was the prophetic old man of the sea. He was placed
by Homer on the Island of Pharos; by Virgil on the Island of Carpathos.
At mid-day Proteus rose from the sea and slept on the shore with sea-
monsters about him. Those wishing to learn the future from him must
seize him at that time. As soon as seized, he assumed various shapes to
escape prophesying. If he saw that his efforts were of no avail, he
resumed his usual form and told the truth.
Cerberus was the dog stationed at the entrance of Hades. Hesiod
gave him fifty heads, but Sophocles and most of the Latin poets described
him as triple headed.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 73
on the Law would be acceptable to government; but such
a direct reference to myself, in exclusion of my Colleagues
was somewhat more than I had counted on. It places me
however in the most dangerous & delicate of all imagin-
able situations, to conduct myself in which with prudence
& exempt from imputation will require all the wariness &
circumspection of which I am master. . . .
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
glE St. Louis July 16. 1809.
I have the honor, in compliance with the earnest wishes
of Gov: Lewis, to state, that previously to his making a
contract for the printing of the Laws of this territory, he
conversed with me on the subject, and appeared to entertain
an opinion that the work should be paid for, by me, from
the contingent fund in my hands. —
The Governor was informed that the fund was too incon-
siderable for such an object; and indeed barely sufficient,
(as I then conceived it) for Office rent, Stationery and
printing (occasional) as mentioned in your instructions.
I stated to the Governor also, that before and after his
arrival in Louisiana, I had, with him felt the necessity of
a promulgation of the Laws ; and believing that the labour
of manuscript copies was not properly chargeable on my
Office, I had, notwithstanding employed a young man, for
a considerable length of time in that work, for which I
neither had nor intended to make an account, as there had
been no appropriation.
This was in relation to the Laws of the Territory : But
when the Governor has desired me to supply him with
74 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
copies, of any of the United States' Statutes, such as the
Indian intercourse Law, I have thought that I might employ
a young man for the occasion (not my own clerk) and
make it a public charge.
I have vouchers for disbursements of this kind, but am
yet to learn, whether or not they will be admitted. — I beg
you to excuse this liberty which I have very hastily taken
at the instance of Governor Lewis —
MERIWETHER LEWIS TO NINIAN EDWARDS198
SlR St. Louis July 20. 1809
I have the honor to enclose an authenticated copy of an
Indictment, found by the Grand Jury at the last court of
quarter Sessions for the district of St. Louis against Simon
Vannorsdale for obstructing the execution of Process and
beating a Constable in the regular discharge of his duties.
Information has been given me of his escape and flight
to the Territory of Illinois. I have therefore to request,
by authority of an Act of Congress, concerning Fugitives
from Justice, passed the 12th Feby 1793,199 that your
Excellency will cause said Simon Vannorsdale to be appre-
hended and secured, and that notice of his arrest be given
me as soon thereafter as circumstances will permit, in order
that the purposes of said Law, respecting Fugitives, may
be fully accomplished. —
198. For his career, see Ninian W. Edwards, History of Illinois and
Life of Ninian Edwards, and The Edwards Papers, Chicago Historical
Society, Collections, III.
199 U. S., Statutes at Large, I, 302-305.
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 75
TO JAMES ABBOTT
Dear Sir, St. Louis July 25th. 1809
Our Gov. Lewis, with the best intentions in the world,
is, I am fearful, losing ground. His late preparations for
Indian War200 have not been popular. He acted for the
best. But it is the fate of great men to be judged by the
results of their measures. He has talked for these 12 Mos.
of leaving the country — Every body thinks now that he
will positively go, in a few weeks.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
Recorder's Office
SlR St. Louis Augt. 12. 1809.
I have this day taken the liberty to draw on you in favor
of Edw Hempstead Esquire for the sum of one hundred
& forty dollars fifty four cents the amt. of the contingent
expenses of the Board of commissioners for ascertaining
and adjusting the titles and claims to lands in this territory
from 1st day of January till 30th of June last
I also transmit herewith the acct. & receipts.
200 Throughout the fall of 1808 and the winter of 1808-1809 the settlers
were disturbed by insistent rumors of an Indian uprising along the
northern frontiers. By order of November 28, 1808 Governor Lewis called
out a special force. A second call was issued in the spring, five companies
being asked to rendezvous on May 4. A detachment under Captain Pratte
was sent to reinforce Fort Madison. On June 5 Captain Pratte returned
to St. Louis and reported that the border was quiet. On July 6 Lewis
issued a general order saying that, as the immediate dangers on the
frontier had subsided, the troops especially assembled by order of Novem-
ber 28 were to be discharged and again enrolled in ordinary with the
general militia. Missouri Gazette, July 26, 1808; December 7, 1808; April
26, 1809; June 7, 1809; July 26, 1809.
76 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
MERIWETHEE LEWIS TO NATHANIEL POPE,201
SECRETARY EXERCISING THE GOVERNMENT
OF THE TERRITORY OF ILLINOIS
gm St. Louis Angt. 16th. 1809.
I was favored some few days ago with your letter of
the 1st inst [?] and regret that the Record The United
States versus Simon Vannorsdale202 should not have been
authenticated in such manner, as in your opinion the Act of
Congress requires. I take the liberty to enclose a second
Copy of that record authenticated in more ample form.
Simon Vannorsdale after committing the misdemeanor
set forth in the indictment, fled from the justice of this
government, and as my informations state, has taken
refuge in the territory of Illinois: I have therefore to
request that you will be pleased to cause the said Simon
Vannorsdale to be arrested and secured and that notice
may be given me as soon thereafter as convenient to you.
You justly remark that the proximity of the two territories
greatly facilitates the escape of offenders from the one to
the other, and I beg you to be assured, that I shall feel an
201 Nathaniel Pope was born at Louisville, Kentucky, January 5, 1784.
He was educated at Transylvania University. He moved to Illinois Ter-
ritory and in 1809 became secretary. In 1817 he was elected congressional
delegate. When Illinois became a state, he was appointed judge of the
United States district court, an office which he held until his death in
1850.
202 The following notice appeared in the Missouri Gazette, February
1, 1809: "THE PUBLIC are cautioned against purchasing a certain note
of hand, given by me to Wm. Morison of the Point of the Missouri, of
the purport following to wit. 'That I was to pay him Four Hundred
Dollars upon condition that I should not deliver to him this day at
Camp Belle Fontaine a certain bay stud horse that I traded to said
Morison and dated the 26th instant.' I am determined not to pay said
note, as the horse was in the first instance obtained from me under false
pretences and by fraud, and the note under duress of imprisonment.
St. Louis, Jan. 27, 1809. Simon Vannorsdel."
The Regime of Governor Lewis. 11
equal promptitude with yourself in bringing them to jus-
tice— and in such manner as the Laws of our Country
appear to have provided.
TO MICHAEL AMOUREUX
Secretary's Office
Sir, St. Louis Augt. 19. 1809
Your letters to the Governor of the 1st & to myself of
the 11th inst. were, this morning, delivered by your son.
I am instructed by His Excellency to say, that no charges
of any kind, either specific or general have been exhibited
agt. you. Should the propriety of your conduct be here-
after called in question, in relation to those offices holden
at the pleasure of the Executive, he desires me to add, that
the most ample opportunities of defence shall be afforded
to you.
Your letters appear rather intended as a vindication of
yourself, than as an accusation of others. Whenever
charges are specifically exhibited against the individuals
alluded to, an inquiry into their conduct shall be instituted,
if the alledged violation of duty be of sufficient moment to
permit the attention of the government.
MOSES AUSTIN TO BATES
Dear Sir Mine a Burton Au£- 27tn 1809
I have thought many times that I would not put pen to
paper again on any subject whatever except such as imme-
diately concerned myself. Whether in the present case, I
shall receive thanks, or be considered as a troublesome
meddler I cannot tell, but so it is that when I see and know
78 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
of plans maturing to wound the reputation of those for
whome I profess friendship, I cannot forbear doing unto
them as I could wish them to do unto me. Whether what I
shall communicate to you be of moment, or not you will
judge, be that as it may. I have to tell you that you are
to consider & receive what I write as given in strict con-
fidence. I this day had a conversation with one of the
members of the Grand Committee. The substance of that
conversation I shall communicate, he said, the Drafting
a memorial to Congress was postponed because it was
found to be all important to examine the Corns. Books
& to take such extracts as would answer the intentions of
the party. They are to be taken from time to time and in
such a way as not to give alarm to the Comrs. it was also
hinted that if the extracts could not be obtained in any
other way, a friend in Court would furnish them. I will
not say wrho this friend is, but the board you know has
three members, and a Clerk. I have the ... to be-
lieve that B. C. L. esq. . . . 203 are the men against
whom the Extracts are intended to operate. B. C. L.204
esq is more particularly pointed out. how far the board
of Comsrs. are bound to suffer a mutilated Statement to
be taken from the Books is not for me to say, nor do I
know what authority the member with whom I conversed
has for supposing a friend in Court will furnish the Ex-
tract. It may be on his part supposition, the drawing the
memorial is suspended untill Octb 2 next. The object of
the Enemies of Judge Lucas are not only to displace him
as Comsr. but as Judge or in other words to prevent him
beeing appointed again, as I have reason to believe that
an attempt to obtain extracts from the Corns Books will
203 The manuscript is mutilated where the dots are inserted.
sot John B. C. Lucas.
The Regime of Governor Lewis, 79
be made immediately & that such Extracts are not intended
to make a friendly or favourable impression on the Gov-
ernment of the U 8. & knowing as I do that first impres-
sions are not only dangerous but hard to remove, I felt
it a duty incumbent on me to apprize both yourself and
Judge Lucas of the plans preparing to stab your reputa-
tion with the Government. You have liberty to make known
to Judge Lucas as much of this letter as you think proper
but you will remember and bear in mind the conditions.
I need not tell you how much I have suffered by this same
party. You know what I should suffer was it known that
I made a communication to either of you. I therefore pray
you, as you value my safety and the peace of my family
who have been already sufficiently oppressed, not to . . .
seen or spoken of. . . .
NB nothing I have said will induce you to doubt Mr Thorns.
T Riddicks friendship —
TO JOHN BURKE TREAT
Secretary's Office
SlE^ St. Louis Septr. 2d. 1809.
By order of His Excellency the Governor, I have the
honor to acquaint you that the accustomed trade, with the
Indians of the Arkensas-River and its waters may be again
opened. You have been already supplied with Blanks for
this object. On the application for Licences it is his Ex-
cellency's instruction, that you take a Bond in the usual
manner; administer or cause to be administered the Oath,
receive the Schedule of the merchandize intended to be
traded, and transmit the whole to this Office.
80 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
FRANCOIS V. BOUIS TO BATES
Dear Sir Pointe Coupee September 3d. 09
Five weeks after my arrival at this place, I had the
pleasure of writing to you, and have not yet had the honor
of an answer. — I cannot Dear Sir give you a favorable
account of my journey to this Country, having been sick
with the Fever & aigue from the time I wrote you (which
is about three months) till few days past.
A great Discord, Cabal & desorder, exist here among
the Inhabitants, occasioned by intrigues, which has set,
half of the Country against the others ; this will not (very
probably) end without effusion of Blood — The Negroes
which are in great number here, have already showed dis-
obedience & ill disposition. — The Heads of Militia, civil
& clergy of this Country "wishing one another destituted
from office" are the cause of intrigues, and in fact intrig-
ants themselves whom carry all before them. — Nothing
more worth mentioning can be said of this place.
My Brother P. V. Bouis, present you his respects and
repent of having neglected to write you, according to his
promess, when he left St. Louis, he assure you, that it is
not for want of friendship for your person. — Remember
me (if you please) to Mr. Riddick & Brother, also to any
of my Friends. . . .
N. B. — Should there be (to your knowledge) any vacant
office, which would worth my attention, I would desire you,
(if you do me the honor to write to me) to advise me of it.
PART IV
The Second Acting-Governorship
THE SECOND ACTING-GOVERNORSHIP
TO ROBERT BRENT,1 WASHINGTON CITY
glB St. Louis Sept. 20. 1809.
Soon after the receipt of your letter of 23d of Novr last
enclosing a draft of 1503 06/100 dollars for the payment
of Capt. Wherry's detachment,2 I had the honor to inform
you that the men were so dispersed in the Indian country
and elsewhere, as to render it very uncertain when the
returns could be made to you. But few of the men now re-
main unpaid. Every possible attention has been bestowed,
and the receipts shall be transmitted as soon as circum-
stances will permit. —
TO HORATIO STARK,3 FORT MADISON
Secretary's Office
SlE St. Louis Sept. 26. 1809.
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
letter of the 15th to Gov Lewis, in whose absence from the
i Robert Brent was from Maryland. He was appointed paymaster of
the United States Army on July 1, 1808, and became paymaster-general
on April 24, 1816.
2 Dr. Mackay Wherry came to Louisiana during the Spanish regime.
In 1805 he was sheriff of St. Charles District. In 1807 he commanded
a troop of horse in that district. When General Clark was negotiating
with the Osages in the summer of 1808, Captain Wherry's troop accom-
panied him. Houck, History of Missouri, II, 55, 60, 96, 384, 409; Missouri
Gazette, July 26, 1808, February 22, 1809.
s Horatio Stark was a Virginian. He entered the army in 1799 and
attained the rank of captain on May 3, 1808. At the time of this letter
he was in command at Port Madison in modern Iowa.
(83)
84 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
territory, the Executive business is transacted at my Office.
The Medal and Papers of the Ioway chief were also
received. The Ioway-Fugitives the subjects of your mis-
understanding with Hard Heart were tried by our courts
last year; and after the Jury had found them guilty, the
court sustained a Plea to its own jurisdiction. They could
not then be punished by our Laws, and it ever appeared to
me that their escape was fortunate, both for themselves
and for us.4 It saved them, the vexations of a further im-
prisonment, and us the mortification of manifesting our
own inability to punish — For our's is a government of
Laws, and those whom the courts absolve or fail to punish
cannot be punished by the Superintendent.
After the trial, the dispositions of the Bench were well
known: they would have restored those People to their
liberty by the writ of Habeas Corpus if their counsel had
not been deterred from that course, by a fear of incurring
the displeasure of the Governor. —
I cannot account for the new demand which has been
made for these unfortunate yet guilty People. We can do
nothing with them, and in such cases the transgression
ought to be forgotten as silently as possible.
Hard Heart has acted with too much haste and passion
and I believe him to be a man of native viciousness of tem-
per; Yet we know that the Indian manners are greatly
* On July 23, 1808, two Iowa Indians were tried for the murder of
Joseph Tibbeau (Thibault). During the trial "the streets of St. Louis
teemed with Indian warriors," who incessantly harassed the governor
and General Clark beseeching pardon for the offenders. The accused men
were convicted but were granted a new trial, which was held on August
3. They were found guilty and put in jail until the advice of the Presi-
dent could be obtained. They were held in the jail for nearly a year
when they made their escape. Missouri Gazette, July 26, August 2, August
10, August 17, 1808; ibid., July 26, 1809.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 85
different from ours. They inherit from a long", uncounted
List of Ancestors not the chartered but the prescriptive
and traditionary rights of the forest, and are themselves
born and brought up amidst the ruggid scenes of nature.
Much licence ought then, to be expected from them in their
public talks — Even a common idea is uttered by them
with rude abruptness, and an intrepid Chief when repre-
senting his nation in council, has decorums no doubt, of a
particular kind, but which cannot always be measured by
our standards. —
It is the express expectation of the President that the
Indians will not be treated with the harshness of military
coercion, but with a conciliatory justice enforced or rather
recommended by the manifestation of a paternal solicitude
for their welfare. This man Hard Heart was made a
Chief by the President himself, and I doubt our power to
degrade him. At the instance of the respectable part of
the nation our emblems of distinction might indeed be con-
ferred on others but it is my first impression that a depri-
vation of Honors already bestowed is an Act exclusively
of his own People. We furnish them with Insignia of
power or preeminence in their nation or tribe, and these
supplies should not be made unless with the consent at
least of the Elders. — The subject, at any rate, requires
more consideration than I have now time to bestow upon
it; but will write you by Mr. Julien5 who will leave this
[place] in 10 days. —
I am much surprized at the suspension by Gov Lewis,
of the trade with the Ioways. The first informations which
I had on the subject were from your letters. No record of
the transaction has been deposited in the Offices — And as
5 Probably Julien Dubuque.
86 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
the measure is supported by no principle of Law, Justice,
or Policy that I know of I beg that those traders who have
regular licences may suffer no interruptions.
I regret that I was not in town when you ascended the
Eiver. It would have given me much pleasure to renew
that acquaintance wch. I once had with you in Detroit.
[Notation] The Medal & Papers given to Mr. Blondeau6
to be redelivered to the Chief.
12. Julv '10.
TO WILLIAM EUSTIS, SECRETARY OF WAR
SlR^ St. Louis Sept. 28. 1809.
I have the honor to advise, that Gov Lewis, left this
place for Washington on the 4th instant.7 In his absence
the superintendance of Indian Affairs devolves on this
office.
There is a policy subordinate to, and in execution of the
Law which the President may doubtless institute for the
regulation of Indian Intercourse. But as the Governor
has never confided to me the wishes of administration on
6 The Blondeau family were early settlers of Mackinac. About 1798
several of the family migrated to Missouri and obtained Spanish grants.
The best known member of the family was Maurice, a Fox half-breed.
He was trading with the tribe as early as 1801. Pike encountered him
on the Mississippi in 1805. During the War of 1812 he was taken prisoner
by the Sacs and his goods were confiscated. He was later made sub-agent
of the Sacs and was employed as an interpreter in the treaty making of
1815. In 1818 he entered the employment of the American Fur Company.
Wisconsin Historical Collections, XX, 356, 357.
7 This was the journey on which Governor Lewis met his untimely
end.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 87
this, or indeed on any other subjects (except on one special
occasion) and as he has left me neither records of his own
acts, nor any of his official correspondence, I have nothing
but the statute as my guide.
Genl. Clark also departed for Virga. a few days ago by
the shutting up of whose office, I am totally deprived of
every species of information on Indian Affairs. No list
of Sub Agents or Interpreters has been left with me and
I do not know, even accidentally, their situations & duties.
The press of business on this department is almost inces-
sant, and deprived of all the requisite information, it is
impossible that it should be transacted with intelligence
and dispatch.
My judgments will compel me to abandon the paths here-
tofore trodden. The merchants complain of restrictions
beyond the Provisions of the Law ; of arbitrary regulations
established without a motive and relinquished without a
reason and of various other irregularities by which their
commerce has suffered a damage, during the last twelve
months to the amount of forty thousand dollars, at least.
I should not be the Herald of these censures, if I esteemed
them empty and frivolous. — I would not be the organ of
the complaints of the People, unless for the purpose of
justifying that liberal course which I conceive it my indis-
pensable duty, in future, to pursue.
It is not my province to arraign the conduct of Gov.
Lewis, and it is surely as distant from my inclination as it
is from official decorum: yet in speaking of the present
situation of territorial business it is scarcely possible to
forbear a retrospect into the past. —
It has appeared to me that the right to trade is a right
which the Citizen derives from the Laws, and that it is sus-
88 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
ceptible of very little modification, beyond what the laws
themselves have established. The privilege of hunting is
probably resumable at the will of government, and on this
subject I must confess that I feel very considerable embar-
rassments. I have imbibed the opinion that it was the
wish of the President that the hunting of white persons
should be discountenanced. The cultivation of the soil
affords more certain subsistence, contributes to the popu-
lation of the country, and is a pursuit, in all respects more
congenial to the habits (generally) of the People of Louis-
iana, than the chase; Yet there will always be found on
the frontier a class of People, who will starve if deprived
of the latter privilege.
The Governor, previously to his departure insisted that
hunting Licences should not be granted. I took the liberty
of enquiring why they should now be refused, since he had
been in the practice of granting them almost without limita-
tion! He replied that the indulgence would create disorder
in the Indian Country. The Blank which I have the honor
to enclose will show you the wide range and liberal encour-
agement which has been heretofore given to People of this
description: And I have not known any rule of right, by
which privileges of this kind can be conceded to particular
persons and withholden from others. I beg that you will
have the kindness to instruct me in my duties. When
possessed of your views on these subjects as on all others
incidental to Indian intercourse, they shall be inflexibly
pursued. —
When at the settlements of the Arkensas last year, as a
commissioner for the adjustment of Land Title, I saw the
instructions of Mr. Treat the Agent, by which he was em-
powered to grant trading Licences. Gov Lewis, notwith-
The Second Acting-Governorship. 89
standing, continued still to grant them for that river and
its neighbourhood, and was desirous that I should do so,
in his absence. I declined, believing that, as Mr. Treat
corresponded directly with the War Department, on the
business of that remote and sequestered part of the coun-
try, the interposition of the Superintendent could produce
only derangement and confusion. —
May I be permitted to enquire whether Peter Chouteau
esquire the Agent for the Osage Nations of Indians has
been so unfortunate as to lose the confidence of the Presi-
dent? Insinuations have been made to this effect tho' I
have heard nothing alledged against him, except his absence
by order of the Superintendent. Mr. Chouteau must have
presumed that Gov Lewis acted in this affair under the
orders of the President; and surely sufficient time had
elapsed after the commencement of the preparations to
have obtained his sanction or his censure. Previously to
his acceptance of the command of the Mandan Escort,8
the Osage business had from time to time and under various
pretexts been almost entirely taken out of his hands, and
I am very certain, (being in habits of daily intimacy) that
his principal inducement in undertaking this distant charge,
was, to escape from the official degradation into which he
had fallen. It is greatly to be feared that the character
of Mr. Chouteau has not been entirely understood at Wash-
ington. I do not fear to hazard the assertion that he pos-
sesses a respectabilit}^ and weight in this country, beyond
s Early in 1809 the Missouri Fur Company agreed to convey Shahaka,
the Mandan chief, to his nation. Pierre Chouteau commanded the escort.
The expedition left St. Louis June 16 and reached the Mandan village
on September 24. Some of the party remained in the North to trade.
Chouteau arrived at St. Louis November 20. Missouri Gazette, March 8,
September 27, November 16, November 23, 1809.
90 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
any other person employed in the transaction of Indian
business. — And this reputation, together with the influ-
ence of an extensive family connection, has, on all proper
occasions, been thrown into the Amercan Scale, when the
policy of our government has been in collision with the
prejudices of former times.
There was a time when the public mind was impressed
somewhat differently with respect to this Gentleman; but
he has outlived the malice of that day ; not by entering into
useless vindications ; but by treading a high and open path,
exposed to the view of his fellow laborers in the public
service and of Society. —
His son,9 an active, intelligent and very worthy young
man has the entire conduct of his fathers private business,
and with the tacit approbation of the Superintendent has
also discharged that portion of his public duties which had
not been wrested from him previously to his ascending
the Missouri. By him some of the expences of the Osage
department have been defrayed, and his accounts of dis-
bursements approved by the Superintendent. It was
expected by Mr. Chouteau jr that I would have drawn
bills for this money; but I have thought that a draft by
himself will be a less exceptionable mode. He will have
the honor of enclosing you in his letter of advice, one set
of his vouchers.
9 This probably refers to Pierre Chouteau, Jr. He was born January
19, 1789. In 1804 he became a clerk for his uncle, Auguste Chouteau, Sr.
In 1806 he accompanied Julien Dubuque to the lead mines. He remained
there as a clerk until 1808 when he returned to St. Louis. He accompa-
nied his father to the Mandan country in 1809. In 1813 he married Emilie
Anne Gratiot, a daughter of Charles Gratiot. In his later years he
engaged in many large business enterprises, and was one of the most
influential citizens of St. Lonis. J. T. Scharf, History of St. Louis City
and County, I, 182-184.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 91
I take the liberty of enclosing copies of a correspondence
with Capt. Horatio Stark Comg. Fort Madison.
Several Salt Petre caves10 on the Gasconade and the
Meramack Eivers were, some time ago, leased by Gov
Lewis. The contracts contained a stipulation by which
the Lessees were bound to sell their Petre to Government,
provided you were desirous of taking it at the rate of 17
cts Per Pound at St. Louis, and restraining them from
making any other disposal of it until the pleasure of gov-
ernment should be known. As we have no orders on this
subject I have permitted one of these contractors to make
sale of his Petre or to manufacture it into gun powder for
domestic supply.
The Delaware & Shawanoe Indians who sought an asylum
in this country after their defeat by Genl. Wayne claim a
very valuable tract of Land by grant from the Spanish
Government. It is bounded by the Mississippi on the East ;
by Apple Creek on the North; by Cape St. Comb's Creek
on the South and b}^ the ridge separating the waters of the
Mississippi & St. Francis River on the West.11 This claim
lies in the District of Cape Girardeau and is so nearly
surrounded by our white settlements as to make these
Indians desirous of exchanging it for lands farther west-
ward on the Meramack. This is a wish long since expressed
and repeated to me two days ago, by some of their People
who were at St. Louis for the purpose of procuring the
10 For a description of Ashley's Cave, which was located on Cave
Creek in modern Texas County, about eighty miles southwest of Potosi,
see Henry R. Schoolcraft, Journal of a Tour into the Interior of Missouri
and Arkansas, 11-12.
ii The Delawares abandoned the tract in 1815, but the Shawanee did
not formally relinquish their claim until November 7, 1825. Charles C.
Royce, Indian Land Cessions in the United States. Bureau of American
Ethnology, 18th Rpt.. Part II, 715.
92 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
surrender of twelve of their Horses, which the whites had
stolen.
The Pay Master General long since remitted to me
1503 06/100 dollars for the payment of Capt. Wherry's
detachment while in public service at the fire Praire. This
payment has been made many months ago, except to six or
eight men who are yet absent. The delay in making the
returns has not been attributable to my negligence.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
SlR^ St. Louis Sept 29. 1809
I beg leave to mention that Thomas F. Riddick the Clerk
of the Board of Commissioners has resigned his office for
the purpose of attending to some private business in Ken-
tucky. The Commissioners, unwilling to lose his services
have appointed his half brother John W. Honey to supply
his place, with an understanding that Mr. Riddick shall
be restored on his return.
It is not in expectation of obtaining a reply; but for the
purpose of shielding my conduct from that misconception
to which it is liable, at the distance of a thousand miles,
that I beg permission to state to you the grounds of an
opinion which I lately gave, in relation to a tract of land
said to contain a Coal-Mine.
All the conditions of the Spanish Usages had been com-
plied with, and the question was, whether it should be con-
firmed ivitk or without the reservation of the coal. The
Lieut. Governor in his order of survey had stated, that
the Coal should remain for public use, until the General
Government at Orleans made another disposal of it. My
The Second Acting-Governorship. 93
Colleagues voted that the reservation ought to be perma-
nently made. I was of an opposite opinion because I con-
ceived it an individual assumption and exercise of power,
on the part of the Lieut. Governor which the usages of the
country had not delegated to him. The established usages
of the late Government to which we are referred in the
4th Sec of the Law,12 did not, that I know of, make reser-
vations of Coal-Mines. These usages prescribe the terms
upon which the cultivator shall acquire the right of prop-
erty in the soil, and the Public agent who is but an organ
of the law could superadd nothing to those conditions.
Besides the order of survey was but an incipient process,
and not a title made and completed by competent and su-
perior authority — all was referred to this superior author-
ity ; as well the coal as the title to the land itself. —
This first step is an evidence merely of the Party's being
put into possession in a regular manner — And his rights
must now be ascertained, not, I should think, by the capri-
cious expressions of his order of survey but, by the known
and established laws of the Spanish Government. —
I had the honor of writing you on the 28th of August
i2 Section 4 of an act respecting claims to land in the territories of
Orleans and Louisiana, passed March 3, 1807, read: "And be it further
enacted, That the commissioners appointed for the purpose of ascertaining
the rights of persons claiming land in the territories of Orleans and
Louisiana, shall have full powers to decide according to the laws and
established usages and customs of the French and Spanish governments,
upon all claims to lands within their respective districts, when the claim
is made by any person or persons, or the legal representative of any
person or persons, who were on the twentieth of December, one thousand
eight hundred and three, inhabitants of Louisiana, and for a tract not
exceeding the quantity of acres contained in a league square, and which
does not include either a lead mine or salt spring, which decision of the
commissioners when in favour of the claimant shall be final, against the
United States, any act of Congress to the contrary notwithstanding."
U. S., Statutes at Large, II, 441.
94 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
last year, that Governor Lewis had assumed the whole
management of the lead-mine-business. Your orders, if
executed, would, eventually, and with very little excite-
ment, have reinstated the government in its rights; but
those orders as I have every reason to believe, have been
entirely disregarded. The Governor did indeed, from time
to time, speak of plans and systems of his own; but noth-
ing, that I know of, was ever done. Even the tenants of
government were left unsupported, and those very men,
with whom I made contracts, afterwards approved by the
President, have been driven from their leases by private
adventurers and are now bankrupts.
When I was instructed to lease the Mines, I conceived
that it was a special Agency, which you had thought proper
to vest in the Becorder's Office; and not an appendage of
the Executive Power, which I exercised at that time by
mere casualty: But his Excellency on his arrival thought
otherwise.
Duty, of whatever kind, was never performed by me
with reluctance; but the management of this particular
Affair has occasioned me so much embarrassing contest,
that it was surrendered with great cheerfulness to the
man, who acted as if he had brought with him all the views
of administration, in his Port Folio. I beg leave to remark
that the public indignation which was once loudly mani-
fested against the rapacious speculations of certain indi-
viduals, begins to subside; and every succeeding day will
render it more difficult to correct the mischief.
Those People, far from remaining on the defensive (for
indeed they suffer no molestation) have become the assail-
ants, and men in whom the government reposes its confi-
dence are marked out as their future victims.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 95
If, however I should be honored with your further orders
on these subjects, my best efforts shall be exerted, for their
execution: and if protected from obtrusive interruptions
will accomplish your wishes or assign you reasons why I
have been unable to do so.
TO JOHN B. C. LUCAS AND CLEMENT B. PENROSE
Gentlemen Saturday Morning Sept. 30. 1809.
I was not, yesterday morning prepared to deliver an
opinion, on the maximum of quantity, if any, limited by
the established usages and customs of the French & Span-
ish G overnments. I am not yet ready. — I view this ques-
tion as surpassing in its magnitude and consequences, any
one which has yet been decided by us — And as new ideas
have arisen in my mind, on this subject, as well spontan-
eously, as on the suggestion of those with whom I have
conversed, I feel myself impelled, however reluctantly, to
ask further delay until monday morning. — I will then
meet at as early an hour as you may think proper.
TO MICHAEL AMOUREUX
SIR^ St. Louis Oct 1. 1809. —
I take the liberty of enclosing an Indian Trading Licence
for Mr. Louis Coignard,13 which you will oblige me by de-
livering to him, on his executing and leaving with you the
accompanying bond.
is Louis Coignard was a native of Chatillon, France. He came to St.
Louis during the Spanish regime. In 1796, after the visit of General
Collot to St. Louis, he organized a "Sans Coulottes" society. In 1800
he bought property in New Madrid and engaged in business there as a
merchant.
96 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
I must ask the favor of your giving date to the Licence,
correspondent with the date of the bond, which latter may
be sent to me by some private conveyance when convenient.
Mr. Coignard wished that he might be permitted to trade
at the Arkensas. Will you have the goodness to inform
him that the Agent at that place is charged with the local
affairs of that river, and that to him the application must
be made.
TO ROBERT SMITH
SlR^ Octo. 1. 1809. —
In obedience to the 2d Sec of the 'Act further providing
for the government of the district of Louisiana' I have
the honor to transmit for the information of the President,
copies of all the legislative and executive acts, which have
been deposited in my office for record and preservation
from the 1st day of April till 30th day of September —
Also a table of the territorial and district officers in com-
mission at this time.14 I beg leave to remark, that the
General orders to the Militia, have not been filed in this
office. Neither have I been desired by the Governor to
procure the printing of them.
TO PIERRE ANTOINE LA FORGE, NEW MADRID
Secretary's Office
gm St. Louis Oct 4. 1809.
Your letter of 23d of last mo. was delivered by Capt.
Le Sieur.15 It gives me much pleasure to observe the rapid
progress which you make in the acquirement of the
i* The list is missing.
is Francois Le Sieur of Little Prairie.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 97
English language. I read French with some facility, but
have not yet familiarized its pronunciation and much habit
will be necessary before I either write or speak it with
correctness. —
I do not know how it has happened that under the Amer-
ican administration, your talents have not been heretofore
employed in the public service. It is high time that they
should be employed and I request your acceptance of the
two offices of Judge of the Courts and Auditor of the Public
Accounts — The latter of these offices has become vacant
by the resignation of Mr. Amoureux. I enclose the Com-
missions.
I have for some months past, heard much of the collisions
between the District officers of N. Madrid. It is not proper
that I should enter into these private disputes and I have
consequently been silent with respect to them. It is hoped
and expected that you will exert some activity & zeal in
the discharge of your new duties & that you will endeavour
to give facility to the operations of the Laws. Shall be
glad to hear from you frequently. Apply, if you please at
the Clerk's Office for a copy of the Laws. Mr. Hum-
phreys16 will supply you.
A PROCLAMATION
By Frederick Bates,
Secretary of the Territory of Louisiana and Exercising
the Government thereof
Whereas a general court martial held in the town of St.
Louis, on the 9th day of June last, and of which Lieut.
Colo. Auguste Chouteau was President, did, with laudable
zeal for the promotion of the public service, impose certain
ifl Joshua Humphreys.
98 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
fines on the individuals herein after mentioned, for their
not having obeyed the general order of the 10th day of
April last, to wit, on Sergeant Wm. Long17 to the amount
of two months' pay; and on the following Privates to wit,
Jos : Wells 2 Mos. pay ; Bart Honory one months pay, Jos
Lardoise & Jno. Latresse 2 Mos. pay each, Benj Stedman
2% Mos. pay, Benj Quick, three months pay, Saml. Rogers
2 Mos. pay, Jas. Burnsides 2 Mos. pay, Jno. Sullins 2%
Mos. pay, Jno. Nichols 2 Mos. pay, George Sesep V/o Mos.
pay, Nathl. Warren, 3% Mos. pay, Jas. Baggs 3% Mos.
pay, John Wilson four months' pay, George Simpson six
months' pay, John Manly six mos. pay, Jno. Keller 2 Mos.
pay, William Wells 3 Mos pay, Joseph Martineau six mos.
pay, Stephen Malboeuf six mos. pay, Danl. Moore, four
mos. pay. —
Now therefore, be it known, that in consideration of the
praiseworthy alacrity, with which the Militia of Louisiana,
have, on all proper occasions, obeyed the calls of the con-
stituted authorities of their country; and by virtue of the
powers vested in the Governor by the 1st Section of the 'act
further providing for the government of the district of
Louisiana' I do hereby pardon the several offences for
which the said fines were imposed, and require that all
sheriffs govern themselves accordingly.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed the
seal of the territory. Given under my hand at Saint
Seal Louis, the tenth day of October, one thousand, eight
hundred and nine, and of the Independence of the
United States of America, the thirty fourth.
Frederick Bates
17 William L. Long was a Revolutionary War veteran from Virginia.
In 1804 he was interested in a grist mill at Carondelet. In 1812 he was
an ensign in the St. Louis regiment.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 99
TO CLEMENT B. PENROSE
glR St. Louis Oct. 20. 1809
In our conversations this morning I charged you with
having said, in the presence of certain gentlemen, that the
motives of my misunderstandings with Governor Lewis,
were, the hopes of acquiring the Executive Office on his
removal; and not an honest difference in opinion, in the
transaction of the territorial business — This, I think you
denied — And indeed, if you have common sense or a very
ordinary portion of consistency, you must deny it, since
you have, on very many occasions, been quite as noisy on
the imputed irregularities of the Governor, as any other
person. —
I have spoken with the gentlemen — and understand from
them, that they may, possibly, have made some inferences
from your remarks on these subjects and that they cannot
recollect the precise words in which your ideas were con-
veyed. Here, then, I drop this part of the subject. — But
you still say, that I have been, and am the enemy of the
Governor, — and that I would be very willing to fill that
office myself. — I told you this morning that it was false —
and I repeat that it is an impudent stupidity in you to per-
sist in the assertion. How is it possible that you should
know my wishes, except from my declarations or my con-
duct?— And what declaration of mine, or what part of
my conduct justifies you, in the repetition of falsehoods
like these?
In return, for the personal allusions with which you have
honored me, I tender to you, my most hearty contempt.
100 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
TO JOHN SCOTT'8
Dear Sir, St- Louis 0ct 24- 1809
Your letter of the 22d was handed me this morning by
Mr. Watson. In reply to your recommendation of Henry
King esq for the Recorder's Office of N. Madrid in the
event of Judge Amoureux' resignation, I can only say, that
I have not yet heard of a vacancy ; but that your assurances
of Mr. King's fitness shall not be forgotten, if I should
hereafter have it in my power to serve him.
In the discharge of those arduous duties which have
lately devolved on the Secy ship, I can have no other object
than the promotion of the Public good, and knowing your
acquaintance with the Affairs of the lower districts, any
intimations with which you may think proper to favor me
will be very acceptable.
TO NATHANIEL POPE
SlR St. Louis Oct 24. 1809
It is with unaffected diffidence that I take the liberty of
addressing you on a subject, in which in all probability
you feel but little interest.
The term of Gov: Lewis' services, will expire I under-
stand, in Feby or March next. He has been too unfortunate
is John Scott was a Virginian. After graduating at Princeton he
moved to Vincennes where he studied law. In 1805 he moved to Ste.
Genevieve, being the first lawyer to settle there permanently. In 1807
he was attorney-general of the territory. In 1817 he was elected delegate
to congress from Missouri Territory, and later was the first representative
in congress from the State of Missouri. His support of John Quincy
Adams led to his retirement from political life in 1828. Scott County
is named after him.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 101
to expect a second nomination — such, at least is the pre-
vailing opinion : whether well founded or not a very general
solicitude is felt, that some worthy man of talent and expe-
rience may be selected to succeed him in the Executive
Office.
Judge Coburn has a growing reputation: His manners
as you know, are plain, yet conciliatory, and no doubt
sufficiently dignified; his discharge of public duty prompt
intelligent and exempt from imputation. In a word, I
believe he would, more nearly than any other man, unite
the public suffrage. For myself, I have not concealed my
ardent wishes that the Judge might be appointed our Gov-
ernor. A popular address to the President might be very
readily obtained; but such Papers have not of late been
esteemed conclusive evidence of merit: Besides which all
feeling minds are, in different degrees, affected by the un-
happy situation of Governor Lewis, and would feel a pain-
ful reluctance in contributing to his mortifications. The
name of Judge Coburn will however be mentioned to the
President by private friends of some influence and sanguine
hopes are entertained of the success of their application.
If you could feel yourself at liberty to lend us your aid
in this affair you would add new confidence to these hopes,
at the same time that you convince us of your willingness
to promote the welfare of the People of Louisiana. You
have indeed determined to gather your laurels in a sister
territory; yet I cannot suppose that you have so soon for-
gotten a people, who are proud to have ranked you among
their fellow citizens.
The weather has of late been so remarkably pleasant,
that I hope, by this time, I may congratulate you on your
entire recoverv.
102 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
A PROCLAMATION
By Frederick Bates
Secretary of the Territory of Louisiana and Exercising
the Government thereof
Whereas His Excellency Governor Lewis, did, by procla-
mation, bearing date of the 22d day of June last, offer a
reward of six hundred dollars, for the apprehension and
delivery of Meranante and Mashkakaki two Indians of the
Ioway Tribe, charged with the murder of Joseph Tebeau ;19
or half that sum for the apprehension and delivery of either
of them : — And whereas, in addition to the supposed ille-
gality of detaining those Fugitives, in the event of their
commitment much doubt may be reasonably entertained
with respect to the fund, on which this disbursement could
be legally chargeable:
Now, therefore, be it known, that after mature consid-
eration of the Premises I have, and do hereby revoke the
said Proclamation, so far as it may be considered as an
assurance of reward for the apprehension of both or either
of the said Indians. In testimony whereof I have here-
unto affixed the seal of the territory of Louisiana. Given
under my hand at Saint Louis the 30th day of October,
1809 — and of the Independence of the United States of
America the 34th.
Frederick Bates
is The name was variously spelled. It appears at Thebalt, Tebo,
Tibbeau, Tebeau, Thiebeau. He was an old French trader who, for many-
years, made his headquarters at Beloit, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Historical
Collections, VI, 423, 424. The proper spelling was Thibault. See Kas-
kaskia Church Register, II, 198, the original of which is owned by St.
Louis University. The Missouri Historical Society has a copy. The
murder was reported in the Missouri Gazette, August 2, 1808.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 103
JOHN BURKE TREAT TO BATES
My Dear Friend Washington City October 31st 1809
This moment the Secretary at War has mentioned to
me his having by this days Mail received an account of
the extraordinary death of Governor Lewis : for which no
one here undertakes to account for — & certainly the short
acquaintance 1 had with him at St. Louis in June last wholly
precludes my having any reason to offer for his committing
an act so very extraordinary & unexpected.
It is already ask'd here who will become Gov. of the
Territory: Some say one, others another — but those
acquainted with the present Secry. of the Territory point
him out as the most suitable and proper person: he cer-
tainly possessing more local knowledge of that part of the
Country than perhaps any other person who might be
selected as possessing talents adequate thereto — on the
other hand, there are those who assert that if offered he
would not accept it — as it might be necessary he should
in that case relinquish the place of Commissioner, Register
&c &c however of this you will undoubtedly be best able
to determine —
Here we are all tranquil and have not any foreign News
more than the Gazettes of the day will probably commu-
nicate to you — though — should any thing occur, which
may be either interesting or amusing to you it shall by the
earliest opportunity be communicated by [me] .
TO NICHOLAS BOILVIN, SUB-AGENT OF INDIAN
AFFAIRS, PRAIRIE DU CHIEN
glR St. Louis Nov 2d. 1809
Mr. Pope, the acting Governor of the territory of Illinois
has complained to me that you have licensed persons to
104 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
trade within his territory — and demanded that this prac-
tice should be discontinued. It is a proceeding with which
I have been totally unacquainted, and must confess myself
altogether at a loss to conceive your object.
The Orders of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs for
Louisiana can have no operation East of the Mississippi —
And no Licences in Gov Lewis' name ought to have been
issued at Prairie du Chien or for any other part of the
Illinois. — It appears to me that you ought to correspond
on these subjects with Mr. Pope. Gov Lewis is no more.
He died in Tennessee about 20 days ago.20 —
TO JOHN COBURN
SlR^ St. Louis Nov 2d. 1809.
I have been somewhat too sanguine in my expectation of
the popular address which we spoke of — Not, that the
People would be better satisfied with any other appoint-
ment; but a reluctance of which I have not been able to
discover the true cause, has heretofore thrown a damp on
my exertions. Until the news of Gov Lewis' death, the
fear of incurring his displeasure was the ostensible mo-
tive — & now, the impropriety of dictating to the President
will serve as a pretext for their backwardness. I did not
myself sign the Peto. as I conceived that the wishes of
the People & not the Secy's wishes should be expressed
in it.
I send you the copy of a letter which I wrote last week
to Mr. Pope. He has not answered me — The communica-
20 Governor Lewis met his death on October 11, 1809.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 105
tion of which I spoke, has not yet been made to Govern-
ment — It will go by next week's mail. If the proper efforts
are made at the city I shall not dispair of your success.
TO JACQUES POKLIER21 AND JOHN BLEAKLEY,22
MERCHANTS OF THE BRITISH MACK-
INAC COMPANY
Gentlemen, St. Louis Nov 3. 1809. —
The statement which you yesterday did me the favor to
submit, in relation to your conduct among the Sacs, Foxes
and others Indians of the Mississippi, has been read and
reflected upon with all that candour and attention which
it certainly merits.
The charges23 were indeed such as to create much preju-
dice in the public mind, and some alarm for our defenceless
2i Jacques Porlier was born in Montreal in 1765. In 1783 he made
his first trip to Mackinac. In 1791 he went to Green Bay where he
engaged as clerk with the fur trader Pierre Grignon, Sr. For a year
Porlier worked at the Green Bay store and then was sent by Grignon to
his trading post on the St. Croix. The following year he became an
independent trader and spent many years on the upper Mississippi and
its tributaries. In 1798 he formed a partnership with Noel Rocheblave.
The firm was dissolved in 1810. Wisconsin Historical Collections, III,
244-245; VII, 247; XVIII, 462.
22 in 1783 Bleakley was storekeeper and clerk at Mackinac. For many
years he was operating on the upper Mississippi, being engaged in trade
as late as 1814. Wisconsin Historical Collections, XIX, 275-276, 323-324.
23 in April, 1809, Nicholas Jarrot of Cahokia, who was on his way
to Prairie du Chien, met Porlier and Bleakley, who had been trading
among the Sacs. Jarrot reported that Porlier complained bitterly of
conditions in the Indian trade, claiming that the Indians forced the
traders to sell goods at the prices charged at the government factories,
the result being a loss to the traders. Jarrot then visited Ed. Lagotrie,
another trader, who confirmed Porlier's statement. Jarrot claimed that
the traders informed him that the Indians had two plans to get rid of the
106 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
frontier. It gives me pleasure to be convinced, that the
prejudice was unmerited and the alarm without foundation.
You were advised, Gentlemen, that, as the acting Gov-
ernor of Louisiana, I had no power to institute an enquiry
in this mode. An investigation at my office was known to
be extra judicial : Yet the earnestness with which you have
insisted, together with the trouble which you have given
yourselves of a personal attendance at Saint Louis, deter-
mined me to adopt that course, as the only one which the
circumstances of the Affair, placed within our reach. —
Your development of facts, has demonstrated the rectitude
of your motives and conduct — and I am truly happy to
find, that your characters, heretofore known for their indi-
vidual worth, have, in no wise, deserved reproach or impu-
tation, during the late transactions in the neighbourhood
of Fort Madison. I believe that Garrison never was in
danger. —
The honorable frankness with which you avow your
allegiance and political attachment to the Crown of Great
Britain is the best guarantee of your decent submission to
our laws, as long as you voluntarily live under their pro-
tection.
TO NICHOLAS BOILVIN
Deab Sib, St- Louis Nov 4- 1809-
I wrote you on the 2d & again address you at the pressing
instances of Madame Boilvin. You will hear from other
quarters of the melancholy circumstances of Gov Lewis's
white men: one was to get into Fort Madison with knives and stab
the soldiers; if that did not succeed, they would watch the men and
kill them and their cattle. Missouri Gazette, June 23, 1809.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 107
death. — You have lost a Friend. — There are many expec-
tations of change in the Indian Department. — Heaven
only can foresee the future. — Genl. Clark is in the City of
Washington — I suppose you are now acting under his
instructions.
My dear Sir, I pray you to be extremely circumspect in
every thing you do. Particularly grant no licences, enter
into no arrangements in Illinois unless under the direc-
tions of the Governor of that territory. You will count
confidently on my friendship whenever it may be in my
power to serve you.
TO WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON
SlR St. Louis Nov 9. 1809.
I had the honor to receive by yesterday's mail, your
letter of the 31st ulto. and avail myself of the return Post
to give you all the information which I possess, of the
seizure of certain goods, on the St. Francis, the property
as alledged of Mr. Thomas Jones.24
Gov Lewis issued his warrant for this seizure on the
31st of March last, founded on the oath of James McFar-
lane, ' That these goods were offered for sale to the Indians
by Wm Webber & Jno. Connature, supposed Agents of
Thos. Jones, without License'.
I am advised by our Atty. General Mr Hempstead, that
as process has been instituted for the condemnation of this
merchandize, my interference would be irregular.
The goods themselves, might, no doubt, be obtained,
under Writ of Replevin, a process which will not affect
24 Thomas Jones was an early American settler on the Meramec.
108 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
the main enquiry, whether or not they were offered for
sale in violation of the Law of intercourse.
We had been lately told that this merchandize was not
indeed the property of Mr. Jones; but that it had been
fairly sold and transferred by him to those Indians in
whose hands it was found. Had this really been the fact,
the propriety of the seizure, would have been in my mind,
much more questionable.
This cause will probably be tried on the 4th Monday of
this month in the district court of New Madrid.
TO RICHARD BATES
St. Louis Nov 9. 1809.
You have heard no doubt, of the premature and tragical
death of Gov : Lewis. Indeed I had no personal regard for
him and a great deal of political contempt; Yet I cannot
but lament, that after all his toils and dangers he should
die in such a manner.25
At the first, in Washington he made to me so many
friendly assurances, that I then imagined our mutual
friendship would plant itself on rocky foundations. But
a very short acquaintance with the man was sufficient to
undeceive me. He had been spoiled by the elegant praises
of Mitchell26 & Barlow,27 and over whelmed by so many
flattering caresses of the high & mighty, that, like an over-
25 For the circumstances connected with the death of Lewis, see
Coues, History of the Expedition under the Command of Lewis and Clark,
I, 43 et seq. See also the Missouri Gazette, November 2, 1809.
26 Probably Samuel Latham Mitchill, one of the best known American
scientists of the period.
27 Probably a reference to Joel Barlow's Columoiad.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 109
grown baby, he began to think that everybody about the
House must regulate their conduct by his caprices.
'De mortuis nil nisi bonum'28 is a good old maxim; but
my character has been assailed, as respects our late Gov-
ernor, and I owe to those I love some little account of my-
self.
I never saw, after his arrival in this country, anything
in his conduct towards me, but alienation and unmerited
distrust. I had acquired and shall retain a good portion
of the public confidence, and he had not generosity of soul
to forgive me for it. I was scarcely myself conscious of
my good fortune; for the still voice of approbation with
which I was favored by the People, was, as yet drowned
in the clamours of my enemies. As soon as I was seen in
conflict with my associates in business, my friends came
forward with a generous and unexpected support. — T bore
in silence the supercilious air of the Governor for a long
time ; until, last summer he took it into his head to disavow
certain statements which I had made, by his order from
the Secretary's Office. This was too much — I waited on
him, — told him my wrongs — that I could not bear to be
treated in such a manner — that he had given me the
orders, & as truth is always eloquent, the Public would
believe it on my assurances. He told me to take my own
course — I shall, Sir, said I, and I shall come, in future
to the Executive Office when I have business at it.
Some time after this, there was a ball in St. Louis, I
attended early, and was seated in conversation with some
Gentlemen when the Governor entered. He drew his chair
close to mine — There was a pause in the conversation —
T availed myself of it — arose and walked to the opposite
28 Of the dead nothing but good.
110 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
side of the room. The dances were now commencing. —
He also rose — evidently in passion, retired into an adjoin-
ing room and sent a servant for General Clark, who refused
to ask me out as he foresaw that a Battle must have been
the consequence of our meeting. He complained to the
general that I had treated him with contempt & insult in
the Ball-Room and that he could not suffer it to pass. He
knew my resolutions not to speak to him except on business
and he ought not to have thrust himself in my way. The
thing did pass nevertheless for some weeks when General
Clark waited on me for the purpose of inducing me to make
some advances. I replied to him 'NO, the Governor has
told me to take my own course and I shall step a high and
a proud Path. He has injured me, and he must undo that
injury or I shall succeed in fixing the stigma where it
ought to rest. You come' added I 'as my friend, but I
cannot separate you from G ov Lewis — You have trodden
the Tips & the Downs of life with him and it appears to me
that these proposals are made solely for his convenience.'
At last, I had business at the Executive Office — He
pressed me to be seated and made very handsome explana-
tions. I told him that they sounded well; but that I could
not accept them unless with the approbation of my friend
Wm. C. Carr — He, with some other Gentlemen were then
called in, & this particular misunderstanding adjusted to
the entire satisfaction of Carr and myself.
Oh Lewis, how from my Love, I pity thee !
1 Those who stand high, have many winds to shake them
And if they fall, they dash themselves to pieces'
I should not speak of these things now, but for the pur-
pose of explaining what followed. Gov. Lewis, on his way
The Second Acting-Governorship. Ill
to Washington became insane. On the arrival of this un-
happy news and before we heard of his death, an Honbie.
Gentleman of this place, a Colleague of mine at the Land-
Board, commenced a regular and systematic traduction of
my character — He asserted in several respectable com-
panies that the mental derangement of the Governor ought
not to be imputed to his political miscarriages ; but rather
to the barbarous conduct of the Secretary. That Mr Bates
had been determined to tear down Gov Lewis, at all events,
with the hope of supplanting him in the Executive Office'
with a great deal of scandal equally false and malicious.
The persons who listened most attentively to these accusa-
tions, happened to be my very intimate friends Judge
Coburn and Doct Farrar.
I deliberated with myself 24 hours in what manner I
ought to proceed. Clement B. Penrose was worthy of my
resentment, as being nearly connected with the ' illustrious
House of Wilkinson' as well as on many other accounts.
But he has a Wife and family. A defiance ought not then,
if it could be avoided, to come from me. The second day
after I had heard these slanders I met him in public, at
the Board of Commissioners, after we had adjourned. I
charged him with the falsehoods which he had propagated
in concise and angry terms. He denied them and explained
'I have said that you were the enemy of Gov Lewis and
would willingly be the Governor yourself.' 'You have
gone farther than this Sir' said I 'and I will prove it upon
you. I will not submit to your malicious impertinence Mr.
Penrose — I will chastise you for it — for two years past,
you have been in the habit of gossiping your scandals with
respect to me, and I pledge my word of Honor, that if you
ever again bark at my heels, I ivill spurn you like a Puppy
112 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
from my Path' These reproaches made no impression upon
him — he was only apprehensive of another kind of attack.
He had denied the charge and I thought him too worthless
for further notice. I satisfied myself with obtaining from
Judge Coburn a Certificate of what 1 had alledged and
with sending Aid Major McNair with a letter to Mr. Pen-
rose, expressive of my hearty and everlasting Contempt
for him. His reply to the Major was, that he would have
me indicted for an Assault.
Eichard, this is a strange world, in which we live! I
had thought that my habits were pacific; yet I have had
acrimonious differences with almost every person with
whom I have been associated in public business. I have
called myself to a very rigid account on this head, and
before God, I cannot acknowledge that I have been blamable
in any one instance. My passions blind me I suppose.
It is certain, nevertheless, that I float on a flowing tide
of popular favor, without a diminution of credit that I
know of at the City. 9/10ths of the People are ready to
push me into the government, as much I presume, against
the determinations of the President as contrary to my own
inclinations.
The Recorder's Office united with the Secretaryship are
better, safer, more permanent, more congenial with my
habits, and offer me duties with the discharge of which I
am intimately familiar. In the Government, I might have
a three years' greatness and sink into oblivion. I could
not hope to ' escape from the world 's great snare uncaught. '
My efforts are making for Judge Coburn; but my friends
are not hearty in his support. I greatly fear that we shall
miscarry.
I love you with unbounded confidence. Adieu.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 113
JAMES ABBOTT TO BATES
Dear Sir Detroit, 9th November, 1809.
The troubles of Louisiana Territory are somewhat
analogous to those of Michigan. — Governor H and the
J[udges, th]at is, Woodward & Griffin are at open War,
and have become so violent against each other, as to mate-
rially affect the prosperity of the Territory. — I am of
opinion that the General Government will take notice of
them ; and it is the General opinion that one side must fall,
to give peace. — The cry is no longer the People vs. the
Governor & Judges It is now the Heads of our Local Gov-
ernment against each other.
I am sorry to hear that your Governor Lewis is losing
ground — I have always considered him as a worthy char-
acter, but as you say " Great men are generally judged by
the results of their measures," and not by their intentions.
Mr. Hoffman requests me to tender to }^ou his best
respects and to inform you that he is in anxious expectation
of the Letter you promised him in the note which Mr. Chene
delivered to him at Mackinac last summer.
TO NATHANIEL POPE
gm St. Louis Nov 10th 1809
Assuredly, If I were in your situation, I should not rec-
ommend Judge Coburn, and it is as certain that if I had
been acquainted with the personal causes of alienation
which subsisted between you I never should have made the
request.
114 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
TO WILLIAM 0. ALLEN29
Dear Sir Saint Louis Nov 10. 1809.
Your friend Scott and myself conversed lately, on the
subject of Judge Shrader's intended resignation. You
were mentioned as his successor. Such an event, I have no
doubt, would be pleasing to the country. Would not your
friends in Virginia, mention you to the President! Those
men of respectability and influence with whom you have
correspondence in Williamsburg and Richmond, would, I
should think without hesitation, give the proper assur-
ances of your qualifications.
I take the liberty of writing to you, in this business, with
the openness of friendly regard. Your establishment in
our country would give me particular pleasure; and could
I be instrumental in your advancement, my aid should be
contributed with the utmost alacrity.
But Sir, neither the President nor the Heads of Depart-
ments expect information of this kind from me. The stand-
ing of a territorial officer is generally precarious, and the
scope of his influence, most commonly, I believe, limited
to the sphere of his duties.
TO SAMUEL TREAT, ACTING FOR JOHN B. TREAT
AS AGENT FOR INDIAN AFFAIRS AT
THE ARKANSAS
Sm, St. Louis Nov 11. 1809
Capt Harvey delivered your letter of the 12th ulto. since
which I have scarcely had a moment to answer it. An
29 William O. Allen was a Virginian by birth. He enlisted in the
regular army in 1812 and became a captain of infantry.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 115
unusual press of unpleasant business of various kinds, has,
for the last three weeks, afforded me but little respite.
The Letter opening the trade with the Indians, was writ-
ten as you will observe by order of Governor Lewis — It
was my private opinion that it should never have been shut
and while I remain in the exercise of the government, the
right of the citizen, which he derives from the Law of
intercourse will not be suspended, unless in the event of
war, actual or impending. — On the subject of Licences —
John B. Treat Esq. has been authorized, by the late Secty
of War to issue them — To prevent any disappointments
which the absence of your brother might occasion, I enclose
half a dozen blanks — With respect to the intrusions and
depredations of the Cherokees, I think you ought to rep-
resent them to the War-Department. I shall also take the
liberty of transmitting an extract of your letter. —
We cannot yet send you, your original Papers from the
Recorder's Office. They are at this time before the com-
missioners, and in the keeping of their clerk. My young
friend Mr. Honey who now acts in that capacity on behalf
of his Brother has not had leisure to prepare the copies. —
TO THE JUDGES OF THE DISTEICT OF ARKANSAS
Gentlemen, St- Louis Nov 16« 1809
On the eve of Mr. Harvey's intended departure he called
on me and resigned the several offices which he lately held
in your district.
I send you blank commissions, and ask, that you will
employ your best efforts in filling them worthily. On your
116 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
success in this attempt will probably depend the existence
of your Settlements as a Separate District™
TO WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON
Secretary's Office
SIR^ St. Louis Nov 16. 1809
A question has lately arisen, which cannot be determined
by the records of my Office, with respect to the District
boundaries between Saint Louis and St. Genevieve. I am
compelled to solicit information from you.
On relieving my Predecessor Dr. Browne, no record of
the Executive acts of your Excellency, during your gov-
ernment of this country, was delivered to me. If the Sec-
retary's Office of Indiana can supply any information as
to the establishment of our Districts I take the liberty of
requesting that you will have the goodness to cause it to
be certified. Your attention to this request will confer on
me a singular favor.
TO JEREMIAH CONNOR, SHERIFF OF THE
DISTRICT OF ST. LOUIS
glR St. Louis 29 Nov 1809
I expect you, as Jailor of the District of St. Louis to
furnish my office with information as to the subsistence
30 The previous year Governor Lewis issued a proclamation dividing
the District of New Madrid. All that portion lying between the 33d
parallel and the Second Chickasaw Bluff, and running indefinitely west-
ward, was made into the District of Arkansas. Houck, History of Mis-
souri, II, 412.
The Second Acting-Governorship. Ill
of persons in your custody under prosecution of the United
States. In an especial manner I require you to report the
manner in which a Sac Indian,31 in your custody, has been
provided with Fuel, if any, and provisions, from his com-
mitment till the present time.
The manner in which you have thought proper to neglect
my verbal request on the latter subject obliges me to inform
you that I hope for an immediate compliance.
TO JEREMIAH CONNOR
grB St. Louis Nov 30. 1809.
I have received your letter of this day — It is a strange
one, and such as I do hope no person exercising the gov-
ernment of this country will ever again receive from the
Sheriff of the District of Saint Louis.
You are ignorant i whether the Sac Indian has been fur-
nished with 20 or 90 meals per month'!
Sir, that Indian, altho' guilty and condemned by the
Laws is not to perish with hunger. If you have not a
[reliable] Deputy Gaoler on whose honesty and diligence
[you are able to depend] either provide one or per[mit me
to appoint one. I do] not like the expressions of your
3i The Sac Indian referred to killed a white man at Portage des
Sioux. He was tried on July 27, 1808, found guilty, and sentenced to be
executed, but was reprieved by the governor to avoid the appearance of
partiality to the two Iowas who were tried about the same time. In
October, 1809, a deputation of Sac and Fox chiefs visited St. Louis, one
of their purposes being to ascertain the fate of the prisoner who had been
held in jail for many months. Quasquami, a Sac chief, delivered an
empassioned speech before Governor Lewis and General Clark. Missouri
Gazette, July 26; August 2, 1808; and October 4, 1809.
118 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
letter. You are not to prescribe times for the adjustment
of the public accounts. The application was mine, rather
than Anderson's. — I do not choose to admit the certificates
of Anderson as vouchers for his own accounts. The man
is unknown to me. If his word is all sufficient, why not
make it the basis of your certificate (since he is your Agent)
rather than expect me to take it as a voucher for the pay-
ment of the public money?
I desire your attention to the 4th Section of an act of
the 9th of November 1808 Page 342 of the territorial
Laws.32 Your duties are there ver^ clearly prescribed as
to persons prosecuted criminally under the laws of the ter-
ritory: And I expect your promise, unreservedly and in
writing and divested too of all reasoning which does not
belong to the subject, that you will, in future, conform your-
self to the provisions of that section, in all cases of crim-
inal prosecution under the United States' Statutes.
TO JEREMIAH CONNOR
St. Louis Deer. 3d 1809. —
Sir,
You have satisfied but one branch of my demand — For
the future we have made an adequate provision — Your
promise is deemed most amply sufficient: But as to the
past you have obstinately, and as I think, somewhat rudely,
refused to account. — I had determined that you should be
indulged in this ; and were it reconcilable with my duty and
32 Section 4 of the act of November 9, 1808, providing for compensa-
tions to deputy-jailors may be found in Missouri Territorial Laws, I,
224-225. Bates' reference is to the first edition of the laws.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 119
with the regular transaction of the public business, I
should have no objection to forget your late wanderings in
expectation of an amendment: But certain intimations
lately received, oblige me, to reiterate my original enquiry,
made personally at your office, with no other alteration
than a limitation of time How has the Sac Indian in your
custody, been subsisted, from 4th Sept. till 30th Nov last?
If you suspect that your Deputy Gaoler has been negli-
gent in supplying him with provisions, why not say so?
If he has been faithful in the discharge of those trusts
which you and not the government have reposed in him,
let the account be settled. I have a right to know the truth
and I will know it — And am determined that no private
quarrels between you and your deputy, shall deprive me
of that information, which you ought, on the first applica-
tion to have promptly given.
Into whose custody was this criminal delivered on his
condemnation? Sir, into Your's — and from You alone
will I expect an account of him.
There are other charges which you will be obliged to
answer in their proper order. This is the subject, how-
ever, on which I intend to establish my right of enquiring
into your conduct. You appear, by no means satisfied that
the Laws have established in my office, a censorship over
your's. I shall proceed slowly and deliberately to convince
you of this truth. One glaring neglect of duty has awak-
ened accusations which might otherwise have slept. I had
rocked the cradle of their repose.
Your contempt of my authority shall not provoke me
to do you an injustice. I shall take care to be well assured
of facts before I act upon them.
120 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
TO WILLIAM CHRISTY
Sib, St. Louis Dec 14. 1809
When I last spoke with you on the subject of Mr. Con-
nor's intended removal, you expressed a desire that some
arrangement might be made, by which he might be enabled
to close certain business already commenced. — It was my
first impression that I could not be a party to such arrange-
ments, — and nothing which has since occurred, has in any
wise contributed to change tins opinion. — I write you this
note in compliance with the promise which I made you.
TO ALEXANDER McNAIR
Secretary's Office
0 St. Louis Dec 14. 1809.
OIR,
Desirous of availing the public of your services, I take
the liberty to enclose you a commission as sheriff of the
District of Saint Louis.
Jeremiah Connor esq has been removed from this office —
and as the duties are pressing and incessant, it is much
to be wished that you should immediately commence them.
The Laws have made it the duty of your Predecessor to
deliver to you the Papers appertaining to the office.
TO JEREMIAH CONNOR
0 Saint Louis Dec 14. 1809.
Sir,
I received, this afternoon, your letter desiring a state-
ment of the reasons or the facts, on which my late deter-
minations with respect to your removal, were founded.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 121
Without entering into a discussion of the principles on
which you have thought proper to make the demand, I have
no hesitation in giving you the statement. I promised you
this, a few days ago, in the conversations which we had
on these subjects; and the performance of this promise
was only delayed, not forgotten. It was desirable that there
should not be a vacancy, until a successor was provided.
The reasons inducing the removal grow out of the fol-
lowing facts
1st Irregularity and remissness in discharge of the
Sheriff's duties
2nd A mode deemed oppressive and unknown to the Laws,
in the collecting of taxes
3d Repeated failures, for years past, to settle your ac-
counts with the district
4th The charge of Fees not provided for by Law.
Entirely convinced of the truth of these facts, it is my
unpleasant duty to inform you, that your commission as
sheriff of the District of St. Louis, has been, this day,
revoked.33
33 The following statement appeared in the Louisiana Gazette, Janu-
ary 18, 1810:
To the Public.
I had indulged the hope that the uneasiness naturally occassioned
by a removal from Office, would not in my case, be aggravated by a mis-
representation of the causes assigned or conjectured, which produced it.
A short excursion into the country have convinced me how fallacious
my expectations have been. What these misrepresentations are, I deem
it unnecessary at present to state, they have served, however to awaken
a solicitude for my reputation, which I had trusted have remained un-
assailed: and nothing but the imperious necessity which such a consid-
eration imposes, would have induced me, thus to trespass on the public
attention.
The anxiety naturally felt, and, I hope, correctly indulged, leads me
to request a temporary suspension of the opinion of the Public, and of
122 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Alexr. Mc Nair esq has been appointed your Successor.
He will receive from you such Papers, keys of the Jail &
other appurtenances of the Office as the Law requires to
be delivered.
TO WILLIAM EUSTIS
g St. Louis Jany. 12th. 1810
On the return of Major Chouteau from the Mandans it
was his intention to have visited the City, in order to
explain those parts of his conduct, which had not, as he
feared, been sufficiently understood. I heard this deter-
mination with the more regret, as I had always been of
opinion that an honest and frank account, by letter, would
dissipate all distrusts and be entirely satisfactory. I pre-
vailed with him therefore, to suspend, for the present, all
anxiety on a subject with respect to which I entertained no
doubt, that his conduct would be ultimately approved. The
truth was, that the business of the Indian Department
could not be transacted without him and the occurrences of
every day rendered it indispensable that his weight and
authority should supply the absences of others. This was
seen and felt by us both ; and altho ' I did not think myself
my Friends, relative to my dismissal; and I feel a becoming confidence,
that whatever impressions may have been made on the mind of the
acting Executive, either from his own knowledge of my Conduct, or
misrepresentations thereof by others, I shall be able when a proper
opportunity offers, to present to them such testimonials as shall convince
them, that no conduct of mine has been such as to incur the forfeiture
of their esteem for me as a Man, or Confidence in me as an Officer
Jeremiah Connor
Late Sheriff, of the District of St. Louis.
St. Louis, Jan. 18, 1810.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 123
authorized, absolutely, to prohibit his departure, yet, he
acquiesced with cheerfulness in the propriety of my sug-
gestions.
I have thought it advisable that the department generally,
should be paid by Major Chouteau for the last quarter,
and in the hope of your approbation have ventured to give
an order to that effect. The Interpreters have been accus-
tomed to this regularity and suffer much embarrassment
from delay. These disbursements amount to the sum of
$985. .44 cts the vouchers in support of which are believed
to be correct and regular. The contingent part of this
account was incurred with my previous approbation.
TO EDWARD HEMPSTEAD
0 St. Louis Jan: 20. 1810
Sir,
Major Christy has just delivered me your note of yes-
terday. I owe you no explanations. It is a plain case.
Your conduct34 has extorted from me certain accusations,
the truth of which is sustained by the most imposing facts.
It is in vain that you unite yourself with other persons. I
shall know how to separate you. The gentlemen of this
town have an unquestionable and permit me to say an
unquestioned right to entertain and to express their opin-
ions of individual character: But you — You have com-
mitted yourself.
Men of worth and honor heard our conversation and
will not fail to stamp this transaction with its true char-
acter.
a* Hempstead signed a certificate of good conduct of Connor, the
sheriff who was removed from office. This was the cause of Bates' anger.
124 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
TO THOMAS F. RIDD1CK AND WILLIAM 0. ALLEN
n St. Louis Jany 20. 18.10.
Gentlemen j
The conversation, a few evenings past, between Mr.
Hempstead the Atty. General & myself in the office of
Mr. Riddick was of too unpleasant a nature to have been
altogether forgotten by you.
An incident of this morning has rendered it very desir-
able that I should obtain a written statement of the affair.
You were the only gentlemen present; and surely there
are none on whose accurate recollection, or on whose love
of truth I would sooner repose myself than on yours'.
I take the liberty then of requesting that you will have
the goodness to state the subject of conversation, the man-
ner and the circumstances, in such detail, as to exhibit to
others a true account of the misunderstanding and to pre-
vent facts from future misrepresentation.
Note. This letter was answered by a circumstantial & sat-
isfactory detail wch. I have filed. F. B.
TO EDWARD HEMPSTEAD35
St. Louis Jany. 22d. 1810. —
Sir,
In discharge of the executive duties it will be incumbant
upon me to inform the President of your having been coun-
sel for this office, in the removal of the sheriff of the Dis-
trict of Saint Louis ; and of your having afterwards signed
a certificate of that officer's good conduct.
35 This letter was marked "not sent."
The Second Acting-Governorship. 125
You are no longer Attorney General of the territory of
Louisiana. Consider this as your dismission.
TO EDWARD HEMPSTEAD
St. Louis January 22d. 1810
Sir,
We have been long acquaintances, and altho ' nothing like
friendship entered into our intercourse, I nevertheless feel
some little desire to assist you in forming a just estimate
of yourself. — Hempstead ! I charge you fling away ambi-
tion. Forbear all hasty and blustering pretensions to the
rank of a gentleman: The doors are closed upon you by
memorable faux pas of former times : Be satisfied with
that course which the Fates have marked out for you, and
do not aspire beyond the reputation of instrumentality,
and a pettifogging readiness in business, for which alone
you are valued. Transfuse a little of that close arrange-
ment for which you are so remarkable in ordinary busi-
ness into your moral oeconomy, and regain by modesty
and repentance the forfeited regards of the Public. — Do
not mistake me ; — this is not intended, either as injury or
insult. Your reputation languishes; and nothing but
health-restoring medicines ought to be administered. Be
honest — 0 cease to be treacherous, and some hopes may
be entertained of you. — If you are wise enough to receive
this advice with the same candour in which it is given, you
may possibly live to thank me for it. But if, on the con-
trary your usual cunning should forsake you, and you
should be stupid enough to take it as an affront, recollect
that I am not to be answerable for the consequences. — 0
126 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
well remembered ! Have you forgotten your unworthy sug-
gestions about Judge Stuart? This enquiry is not for-
eign,— it is closely connected with the subject of the
present difference. — Hempstead ! retrace your wandering
footsteps — You see that between ourselves I can substan-
tiate everything against you. Do not impose upon me the
unpleasant task of publishing you to the world. You know
the perseverance of my temper and I am ready, however
reluctantly, to give you new specimens.
[Note.] The foregoing was to have been sent with a state-
ment of Messrs. Eiddick & Allen but suppressed in conse-
quence of E. H's having recalled a saucy Letter wch. he
wrote me in reply to mine of the 20th instant.
F. Bates.
TO EDWARD HEMPSTEAD
giR St. Louis Jan 30: 1810.
Mr Riddick has this moment delivered me yr. letter of
yesterday. The circumstances to which there has been
much painful reference, warranted the construction which
I put upon your conduct, and, as I then believed, justified
my resentments. I do now regret the whole affair.
And since you state, that in signing the certificate you
did not intend to certify any thing contrary to the conver-
sation which you had with me previously to the removal
of Mr. Connor, nor as censuring me for his removal, which
you have always thought was proper, I think I ought to
say that I never should have taken offence at that or any
other act of your's, if known to have been unaccompanied
The Second Acting-Governorship. 127
by intention — I do freely declare that any asperity of
expression made use of by me arose, solely, out of the cir-
cumstances.
A PARDON
Frederick Bates
Secretary of the Territory of Louisiana and Exercising
the Government
to all whom it may concern
Whereas the Court of Quarter Sessions for the District
of New Madrid, did, at July term last, impose on William
Ordway two several fines, the One of $30 for selling spirit-
ous liquors to Indians ; the other of $20 for trading with a
slave in violation of the Laws36 of this territory: And
Whereas the said William Ordway, after the imposition
of the said fines, departed this life, leaving a Wife and
numerous family of infant, female children in indigent cir-
cumstances. Now therefore, be it known that I do hereby
pardon the offences for which the said fines were imposed
& require that all sheriffs or other collecting officers take
one notice hereof. In testimony whereof I have hereunto
affixed the Seal of the Territory of Louisiana. Given under
my hand at St. Louis the 15th day of February, in the year
of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred & ten & of the
Independence of the United States of America the thirty
fourth< Frederick Bates.
36 Trading with a slave, without the consent of the master, owner,
or overseer of such slave, was prohibited by sections 11 and 18 of a law
of October 1, 1804. Missouri Territorial Laws, I, 27-33.
128 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
WILSON P. HUNT TO BATES
-p, a New York March 8. 1810
Dear Sir
I had this pleasure some days ago at Washington, and
should have repeated it during my short stay there but
was so hurried, in leaving that place a few days sooner
than I contemplated I defered it for more leisure.
Every thing relative to our territory stood as when I
last wrote you — the Government seemed to be determined
to proceed in the appointments, at least slowly, if not judi-
diciously, but from what I could learn I had great hopes
of Coburn for Governor. As to the discontinuance of Judge
Lucas I could scarcely form a conjecture (my wishes lead
me to hope a great deal) and I had considerable encour-
agement from a number of Senators that they would oppose
him — but he having written to a number of his old acquain-
tances I suspect they will have sufficient interest with the
President to procure his nomination, and I fear to contest
the confirmation.
I made such interest with the Federalists as to secure
their unanimous votes against him, and Mr Bayard37 prom-
ised to oppose his confirmation.
Judge Griffin38 being at York in Virginia, and knowing
he wished to be transferred to Louisiana I wrote to him to
come to Washington, which I presume he has done. Col.
Meigs39 was much in favor of him — and Bradford prom-
37 James Asheton Bayard, United States senator from Delaware. He
was one of the commissioners who signed the Treaty of Ghent. For
his Papers, see American Historical Association, Annual Report, 1913, II.
ss Cyrus Griffin, judge of the United States district court for Virginia
from 1789 until his death on December 14, 1810.
39 Probably Return J. Meigs, Jr., United States senator from Ohio.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 129
ised Smith40 he would try to bring about the transfer, and
I should very much like to see it, for I think Griffin would
suit us better than a stranger — I am sure he would please
the people generally —
Gen. Clark returned from Washington with the same
situation he held when he came, and I believe there is no
doubt of the government having been offered to him — I
admire his prudence in refusing it very much.
I believe I mentioned having seen Mr Gallatin at his
own house, but had not any conversation with him of con-
sequence — I met him a few evenings before I left Wash-
ington at Mr Madison's where we had a little chat that
was very pleasing to me, and I presume will not be ungrate-
ful to you. Speaking of the Commissioners, generally, and
particularly, he said little of Lucas — Penrose was a good
man, but a very weak one — and as to you to use his own
words "we had wished to make him Governor, but in the
land business we have always considered him a kind of
Umpire without whom we should not know how to pro-
ceed — we might get as good a man but he is now so well
acquainted with the business (and something about the
confidence we have in him) we consider him as indispens-
able"—
I mentioned to this gentleman and the Secretary of War
your having allowed Bleakley &c to come on our side the
Mississippi, and explained the thing — why you did it —
thinking it best they should have correct information, and
fearing it might be represented differently — they both
seemed to understand it, and are alike your friends
40 Probably John Smith, a congressman from Virginia. At that time
there were three other Smiths in congress: Senator John Smith of Ohio,
Senator John Smith of New York, and Senator Samuel Smith of Maryland.
130 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
You will see from the papers that there appears to be
no apprehension of war between us & England, and that
our commerce is likely to resume its former liberty —
JAMES ABBOTT TO BATES
Dear Sir • Detroit, 15th March, 1810.
1 wrote you on the 9th November 1809 (a duplicate of
the same is enclosed) since which I have not had the pleas-
ure of any of your favors.
You will perhaps be surprised to hear of the Death of
George Hoffman, Esq.: he died on the 2nd instant after
an illness of five days. The bottle I believe was the cause
of his exit at such an early period of his life. From all
accounts he drank very hard. After his death two wills
appeared; one of which was executed in April 1809 and
the other in February 1810. By the first he disinherits
the child which his wife was then pregnant with; leaving
her one third of his personal property, and the remainder
together with his real estate he bequeaths to his family
connections at Chillicothe. In his last will he does not even
mention his wife nor child, but bequeaths the whole of his
property real and personal to his parents. What could be
the cause of such conduct is almost incomprehensible. I
have read of children being disinherited for dishonesty,
libertinism and disobedience to their parents, but a child
yet in the mother's womb to be disinherited I have never
heard of, and there is something in such an act horrid
beyond expression. You can judge of the feelings of Mr.
Audrain in this case.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 131
JOHN RICE JONES41 TO BATES
Kaskaskia 23d March 1810
Sir,
Shall I beg the favor of you to deliver Mr Robert Mor-
rison, who does me the honor to be the bearer hereof, a
Copy, certified by you as Recorder, of the Claim and all
the Papers laid in by the heirs of Renaut to lands in the
District of Louisiana — These papers I have immediate
need of, so that I hope you will forward them by Mr Mor-
rison42 — who will pay office fees —
TO JOHN DONNOHUE43
a St. Louis Mar 30. 1810
Sir,
I had the honor some time ago to receive your letter of
the 9th Inst. The Commissions therein recommended will
be handed you by Adjt. Genl Delaunay, except that of Pay
Master : The 24th Sec of the Militia-Law44 having provided
the manner in which that Officer shall be nominated, I must
4i John Rice Jones was a prominent lawyer of Kaskaskia.
42 Robert Morrison was an extensive land claimant in Illinois. He
was violently opposed to Harrison and was one of the leaders for the
separation of Illinois from Indiana Territory. In 1810 he was clerk
of the general court.
43 Major of the 1st battalion of the Ste. Genevieve regiment.
44 The 24th section of the militia law of July 6, 1807 was as follows :
"A majority of the field officers of each regiment with the commandant,
shall nominate fit persons within their bounds to the governor of the
territory, the one as paymaster, the other as judge advocate of the regi-
ment. And the governor shall, if he thinks the said persons, respectively
qualified, appoint and commission them for these several duties. It shall
be especially the duty of the judge advocate, to prosecute in behalf of
the United States, and also perform such other services as are by this
act prescribed." Missouri Territorial Laws, I, 157.
132 The Life' and Papers of Frederick Bates.
trouble you to mention the subject to Colo. Cook,45 Mr.
Mc Arthur46 is no doubt, a very proper person ; but as the
nomination is vested by law in the Field Officers, we ought
not, for a little delay, for a slight neglect of theirs, to for-
get their rights. In the commissions which I send you, I
have left blanks for the No. of the company. Will you have
the goodness to fill them up[?]
TO ROBERT SMITH
Sir St. Louis April 1st. 1810
I have the honor to transmit herewith copies of the
Executive Acts for the last six months. During this
period there has been no meeting of the Legislature.
I have never been favored with any intimations of the
manner in which these Reports should be made. Perhaps
they are too much compressed ; and it is possible that they
may be deemed defective in some other respects. Should
they not meet the expectations of the President in their
present form, my letter Book together with the Files of the
Office will enable me to amplify them.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
Sie St. Louis April 1st. 1810
I have the honor to enclose accounts of the contingent
expences of the Secretary's office for ye. two years pre-
45 Nathaniel Cook.
46 Probably John McArthur, who, in 1812, became a lieutenant in the
Ste. Genevieve regiment.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 133
ceding the present day ; together with the receipts vouching
the expenditure. The errors in former accounts are cor-
rected in these & I hope no new ones committed. I beg
permission to draw for the amount.
TO NINIAN EDWARDS
giR St. Louis April 24. 1810
I beg leave to introduce to your acquaintance Mr. More-
head of the house of Messrs. Henry M. Shreves & Co.47 —
He is lately from Philadelphia, and has established himself
as a resident merchant in our town.
Mr. M. did me the favor to present Letters from General
Neville of Pittsburgh in which he is mentioned by that
Gentleman in the most handsome terms. His connections
are very highly respectable. His Lady is the daughter of
the late General Shreves, who bled in the revolutionary
cause ; and I will venture to assure you that Mr. M. is him-
self worthy of those attentions which I take the liberty of
soliciting in his behalf. — He will probably have business
at the Executive Office. — Should security be necessary in
granting him a Licence for Indian Trade, I am willing, if
accepted, to join him in the bond : Or if my non residence
should be an objection, I will engage, as these Gentlemen
are Strangers, whose business would suffer by delay, that
satisfactory Security shall be supplied in one month.
47 Henry M. Shreve and Company ran a general store in St. Louis.
134 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
A PROCLAMATION
By Frederick Bates
Secretary of the Territory of Louisiana and Exercising
the Government thereof
Whereas the extended limits of the township of Bon Homme
in the district of [St.] Louis, render the distribution of
justice inconvenient and burthensome to the Western Set-
tlements of the said township:
In remedy whereof and in discharge of those duties
imposed on the Executive by the 'Act further providing
for the government of the district of Louisiana' I do hereby
declare that the Settlements of the present district of Bon
Homme lying westward of a line to be drawn due south
from the mouth of Tavern Creek on the Missouri to the
Merimac shall, from and after the 15th day of the present
month form a new township to be known and denominated
the township of Labbadie. And those civil officers ap-
pointed heretofore for the township of Bon Homme,
and who reside within the limits, herein designated, of
the new township of Labbadie, shall, from and after
the said 15th day of the present month, be considered
as Officers of the latter township. In testimony whereof
I have hereunto affixed the Seal of the Territory of Louis-
iana. Given under my hand at the town of St. Louis the
fourth day of May in the year of our Lord, one thousand
eight hundred & ten & of the Independence of the United
States of America, the thirty fourth.
(Seal) Frederick Bates
The Second Acting-Governorship. 135
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
g St. Louis May 8. 1810
Thomas F. Riddick esq the Clerk of the Board, resigned
his office on the 4th inst. compelled by the urgency of his
private business in Virginia. His half brother Mr. Jno. W.
Honey was on the same day, unanimously elected to supply
his place.
If Mr. Riddick should visit the City on his way to Nanse-
mond he will be desirous of paying his respects to you &
if your leisure permit will have the honor of handing you
this. I beg permission to say that his representations with
respect to the business in which he was lately employed,
may be relied upon. By an unwearied and intelligent des-
charge of his duties he acquired and preserved the entire
confidence of every individual of the Board.
Sir,
TO JAMES ABBOTT
St. Louis May 9. 1810
As to domestic news, we are told that Benj. Howard453
of Kentucky, has been appointed Governor of Louisiana.
Judge Lucas has been reappointed, contrary to the expec-
tation of a host of enemies,49 but very much to my satis-
faction. I was at one time fearful that Government would
48 In 1800 Howard was elected to the Kentucky legislature. In 1807
he was elected a member of congress from Clay's district, a position which
he resigned to become governor of Louisiana Territory.
49 For attacks upon Judge Lucas, see the Missouri Gazette, October
12, 1809; Louisiana Gazette, January 11 and March 8, 1810.
136 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
listen to the clamours which had been so industriously
raised and supported by ignorance and prejudice. Our
old acquaintance Mr. Griswold50 is certainly appointed a
Judge of the Illinois territory. . . .
TO RICHARD FLETCHER, NEW MADRID
glB St. Louis May 16. '10
Yr letter of the 1st inst. was reed, yesterday. You mis-
take my powers. I neither make sales nor give permis-
sions to settle. The Settlement of Congress-Lands is, at
this time, punished with much severity — There has been
much forbearance in the execution of the Laws, but I should
betray my trust and violate my duty by giving the least
encouragement — Until an office is opened for the sale of
Lands there are in Louisiana, no means by which they can
be procured, except by purchase from individuals.
TO JAMES ABBOTT
Deak Sib, St- Louis Ma^ 23' 181°
I send the power of Attorney, so long expected, and so
unnecessarily delayed since last year. — No news — Our
Governor has not arrived — Under his administration I do
greatly hope that party animosities of former times will
be forever forgotten. — The People petitioned Congress
so Illinois Territory was proclaimed April 28, 1809. Stanley Griswold
soon replaced Obediah Jones as one of the three judges. Alvord, The
Illinois Country, 1678-1818, p. 430.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 137
last year for the 2d grade.51 It has for the present been
refused them, but in such terms of encouragement as will
probably % induce them to renew the application at next
Session. My private convictions are that it is inexpedient
now, and for some years to come ; yet as our population is
most aboundantly sufficient, and as I could have nothing
but arguments drawn from an abstract reasoning to
alledge, I have thought it most prudent not to partake in
the discussion.
TO GEOKGE EUDDELL AND OTHEES
St. Louis May 31. 1810
Gentlemen
Mr Galliher this moment presented your application for
a district organization, the seat of justice for which to be
at the Little Prairie — 52
Considerations of various kinds induce me to believe
that the establishment of such a district is at present inex-
pedient. Yet, altho' I cannot feel myself at liberty to
hazard an experiment, which would, in operation I am
persuaded, disappoint the hopes of its advocates, I will,
notwithstanding submit your Papers to the Governor, on
his arrival, who will probably act on them uninfluenced by
any opinions of mine.
si The petition was presented to congress on January 6, 1810. Annals
of Congress, 11 Cong., 1 and 2 Sess., 1809-1810, Pt. I, 1157, 1253. For the
text of the petition, see Shoemaker, Missouri's Struggle for Statehood,
27. A bill further to provide for the government of the Territory of
Louisiana was presented by Rhea of Tennessee on January 6, 1810, but
it died in committee.
52 The trading post at Little Prairie was established in 1794. A
settlement grew up about it and prospered until the earthquake of 1811.
138 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
JOSEPH N. AMOUREUX53 TO BATES
Honored Sir New Madrid June 6th 1810 —
Your kind reception of me when at St Louis makes me
feel a Confidence in adressing you at this time. A wish
to make myself useful to Government makes me desirous
of having the appointment of an assistant to take the Cen-
sus of The Inhabitants of this District; I hope that from
the knowledge I have of the Country & Speaking both
Languages I will be able to be Correct and expeditious. —
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
Sm St. Louis June 13th 1810.
I had the honor to receive by this week's mail your letter
of the 5th ulto. and submitted it without loss of time to
the commissioners. They have not instructed me to make
to you, any assurances of their future diligence in the ad-
justment of the Land-Claims. They know however that it
would be my duty to reply to your letter by the first Post,
and trusted, no doubt, that my knowledge of their industry
heretofore, together with much general conversation which
we had on the subject, would enable me to satisfy your
inquiries.
The Commissioners, I am very sure, are truly sensible
of the importance of a speedy and final adjustment of the
claims. They regret indeed that the pressure, in Congress,
53 Joseph Amoureux, a native of Boucheville, Canada, was a black-
smith at Vincennes as early as 1769, and moved to New Madrid in 1793.
The writer of the above letter was probably his son, an ensign in the
Ste. Genevieve regiment during the War of 1812.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 139
of other business, should have caused them to be neglected ;
but at the same time are not conscious that that neglect
has occasioned any relaxation on their part. I am entirely
convinced that every effort will be made to transmit the
report during next session. — The want of compensation
has been embarrassing to the clerk of the Board, of whose
resignation, some time since, I had the honor to advise you.
The business, nevertheless has suffered no interruption on
that account — as John W. Honey the half brother of Mr.
Eiddick, and formed to business by his precepts and ex-
ample has accepted the Office — the duties of which he
discharges now as on a former occasion, to the entire sat-
isfaction of the commissioners. — We were informed, indi-
rectly, that the Bill reported for our compensation, pro-
vided fees on the final disposal of every claim. May I be
permitted to say, that such a mode would have been less
acceptable to a majority of the Board than the entire
silence of Congress with respect to us.
TO JOSEPH N. AMOUREUX, NEW MADRID
Sir, St. Louis June 26. 1810.
Your letter of the 6th was received, some short time
ago — but as the instructions of the Secretary of State
had not then come to hand, I resolved to wait their arrival,
that I might answer you with the more certainty. —
I have now reed those instructions, and have much pleas-
ure in naming you as the Assistant to take the Census of
the Inhabiants of New Madrid.
In order that there may be an entire conformity in the
returns from the several states and territories the Secre-
140 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
tary of State has transmitted blank forms; but as the
Packet must be of considerable bulk it has not yet come
forward. As soon as it arrives I shall lose no time in
sending you all the necessary informations.
I enclose you the Oath which you will take as well as
subscribe, and return to this office.
The enumeration is expected positively to commence on
the first Monday of August. . . .
P. S. I send you herewith the three Acts passed at the
last session on the subject of the census — Mr Gallatin
has as yet given no orders on the subject of manufactures —
TO HENRY DODGE, SHERIFF OF THE DISTRICT
OF STE. GENEVIEVE
gnt St. Louis June 26. 1810.
Under the several Acts of Congress which you have
probably seen, on the subject of the Census I have been
instructed by the Secretary of State to appoint Assistants
for the several civil divisions of the territory and to cause
the enumeration to commence on the 1st day of August
next.
I take the liberty of enquiring whether it will be agree-
able to you to act as Asst. Secretary in this business for
the district of St. Genevieve? —
I know that the emoluments are scarcely worth your
acceptance ; but in the discharge of your duties of Sheriff
it may perhaps be in your power to take the census with
less additional trouble than others would experience.
There are pressing applications for this appointment by
persons in whom neither the Public nor myself have much
The Second Acting-Governorship. 141
confidence. — You will oblige me by writing as soon as
convenient.
TO ROBERT SMITH
St. Louis June 26. 1810.
Sir,
I had the honor to receive by yesterday's mail, your letter
of 17 ulto. with its several accompaniments on the subject
of the Census to wit
1 copy of the Letter of Instructions
1 do. of the Acts
4 do. of the Oaths of Assistants
2 copies of the Oaths of the Secretary
1 do. of Returns of Assistants
2 do. of do. of Secretary
The next mail will probably bring a second Packet, con-
taining the other Papers which you have mentioned.
TO JAMES GREEN,54 ST. CHARLES
a St. Louis June 29. '10
Sir,
Since I had the pleasure of conversing with you I have
reed, instructions from the Secy, of State on the subject
of the Census. In these instructions I am directed to select
as Assistants those persons who are presumed to be best
acquainted with the several settlements within their respec-
tive limits.
This injunction induces me to ask the aid of the Sheriffs,
unless in cases where special reasons decide the preference
»* James Green came to Louisiana in the winter of 1797-1798.
142 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
in favor of others. Besides, the necessity of this course
appears to be dictated by the selection which the law makes
of the Marshals in the States. I regret that these consid-
erations should have prevented the arrangement of which
we spoke. The views of Govt, are better accomplished by
the appointment of an individual already in the discharge
of ministerial duties.
TO JOSEPH N. AMOUKEUX
SlR St. Louis July 24. 1810
I wrote you on the 26th ulto. accepting your offers of
service as an Assistant for taking the Census . . . within
the district of New Madrid.
I send you the Papers as noted below from which you
will gather all the instruction which can be necessary for
an intelligent discharge of your duties.
You will observe from the manner in which you are to
be paid that service must precede compensation — Your
Returns must be made to this Office by the first Monday
in January next But counting as I think I reasonably may
on your diligence I entertain the hope that it will be as
convenient for you to transmit them in Deer, as Jany. Be
pleased to acknowledge the receipt of this letter & its
accompanyments.
TO BENJAMIN FOOY
glR^ St. Louis July 24. 1810
I make so free as to appoint you an Assistant for taking
the Census of the People of Hope Field, and of the settle-
ments near the mouth of the river St. Francis.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 143
You must not decline this Office; for I am solicitous to
shew Government that I am aided in the discharge of my
duties by men of worth and character.
The accompanying Papers will give you every necessary
information. Should it not be in your power to execute
this trust, I shall be very thankful if you will procure
some fit person whose fidelity may be depended upon. Let
him take the Oaths and go on with the business without
waiting for a regular appointment from me.
You have given me so many friendly instances of your
disposition to render me service that I take the farther
liberty to enclose to your care a Packet for Danl. Mooney
esq. Asst. within the settlements of the Arkensas. I know
that you will be so friendly as to give it the most expe-
ditious conveyance. The Returns are required to be made
by the first Monday in January next. Yet I shall esteem
it a favor if you will let me have them much earlier than
that time. Oblige me by sending duplicates by different
conveyances for fear of a miscarriage.
TO DANIEL MOONEY, SHERIFF OF THE
DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS
Secretary's Office July 24 1810
Sir,
I appoint you Assistant for taking the Census of the
People for the district of the Arkensas except those in
the settlements of Hope Field, and at the mouth of the
river St. Francis, which latter places have been allotted to
Judge Fooy. This Office is not expected, as you will re-
mark from the law, to be a profiitable one, yet it is one,
144 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
which it appears to me no good Citizen will decline unless
altogether incompatible with his other pursuits.
I send you all the necessary information viz The Laws,
the Circulars of the Secy, of State, — Assistants' oaths, a
blank return as a model and which you can enlarge by
sewing in additional sheets: Also two heads of Returns,
which will be pasted on a quire, % quire or other proper
quantity of Paper, ruling afterwards from the indications
in the heading. Should sickness or other unavoidable acci-
dent prevent your undertaking this business, I hope you
will without farther reference to myself (as the distance
will not permit it) cause the Oaths to be taken and the
enumeration made by some other discreet person. —
You will observe that your Returns are to be made to
this office by the 1st Monday in January 1811 But in con-
sideration of the delays and even frequent miscarriages
between Arkensas and St. Louis, I must request that you
will, with all possible diligence make the enumeration, and
transmit duplicate returns by different conveyances as
soon as circumstances will allow.
TO HENRY DODGE
St. Louis Julv 25. 1810
Sir,
I reed, your letter of the 3d inst. and was gratified by
your acceptance of a troublesome and profitless office. I
now send you 2 Circulars of Secy of State — The Census
Laws — 2 Assistants Oaths — 1 blank Return as a model
& 4 Schedules or heads of Returns. —
Your Returns must be made to this office by the 1st Mon-
The Second Acting-Governorship. 145
day in January next. I should be much obliged if they
could be made before that time.
TO JAMES CALLAWAY55
Secretary's Office
Sir, St. Louis July 25th 1810.
I had the pleasure to receive, in due time, your letter of
the 26th ulto. and do hereby appoint you Secretary's As-
sistant for taking Census of the People within the district
of St. Charles.
I should have written you sooner, but for the miscar-
riage of certain dispatches from the Department of State.
It has been necessary to cause the printing to be done
here — and it has required time.
I now transmit you 2 circulars of the Secretary of
State — 2 copies of the Census laws, 2 Assistant's Oaths,
2 blank Eeturns — and four heads of Eeturns — These
latter, as you may have occasion for them, are to be pasted
on a quire, or other proper quantity of Paper in the man-
ner of the Model. The Paper, after being sewed , at the
usual fold of the quire, will be ruled with very little trouble,
from the indications in the heading. I am sorry that your
lameness deprived me of the pleasure of seeing you. I am
persuaded that the informations which these Papers con-
tain are all which you will require on the subject.
s^ James Callaway was a grandson of Daniel Boone. He eventually
settled in what is now Howard County. In August, 1813, he served under
Nathan Boone who conducted a reconnoitring expedition into Illinois.
Early in 1814 he was in command of a party of rangers who were attacked
by Indians near the confluence of the Prairie Forks of Loutre Creek.
Callaway and four others were killed. The Callaway Papers belong to
the Missouri Historical Society.
.146 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
TO WILLIAM GARNER
Secretary's Office
gIR^ St. Louis July 25. 1910.
I do hereby appoint you Secretary's Assistant for taking
the Census of the People within the district of Cape Girar-
deau. The accompanying Papers will give you every infor-
mation which can be necessary in the discharge of your
duties viz 2 copies of the Census Laws, 2 circulars of the
Secy, of State, 2 Assistants Oaths, 1 blank Return as a
model, and which if you please can be enlarged by sewing
a number of sheets of Paper in the middle, at the usual
fold & ruling them by the indications in the heading: also
4 Schedules as heads of Returns, which may [be] pasted by
yourself, on quires of Paper, in the same manner as I have
done for you, in the model.
I beg that you will read the Laws and the circular in-
structions of the Secy, of State with much care. I count
much on your attention and diligence in this business. Your
returns must be made at this office by 1st Monday in Jan-
uary next — and should be much pleased to have them
sooner.
TO JOHN HAYS,56 SHERIFF OF THE DISTRICT OF
CAPE GIRARDEAU
Sm? St. Louis July 26. 1810.
I take the liberty of enquiring whether it will be agree-
able to you to act as Secretary's Assistant in taking the
ss John Hays was commissioned by Governor Harrison as the first
sheriff of the Cape Girardeau District.
The Second Acting-Governorship. 147
Census of the Dt. of Cape Girardeau? If inconvenient to
yourself, you will greatly oblige me by naming some per-
son in whom that trust may be reposed, and will be willing
to accept it. As the arrangements must be immediately
made, I beg that you will answer this letter without delay.
In the event of your acceptance, the forms, and every nec-
essary information will be transmitted to you.
TO JOHN B. C. LUCAS
SlR St. Louis July 29. 1810.
I think it my duty to inform you that Mr. Penrose is mis-
taking the sphere of his usefulness & discharging the trust
lately confided to him very contrary to, and much beyond
my constructions of the Resolution of the Board. He is
not only entering the whole business (as I am told) in the
rough minutes; but also filling up the Registry with re-
jected cases, and noting by anticipation, future confirma-
tions, with a conjectural date too, on the margins of the
books.
This appears to me to be departure from his duty both
wide & wanton; and it is probable that he will proceed in
the same course tomorrow, unless he be told that no such
power either has been or could have been committed to him.
TO ROBERT SMITH
SlR St. Louis July 31. 1810
In addition to the papers on the subject of the Census,
the receipt of which I had the honor to acknowledge in a
148 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
letter to you of the 26th ulto. I yesterday received a 2d
packet, containing 7 Cops, of Instructions 7 Cops, of the
Census Laws, 14 Copies of Assistants Oaths & 7 Cops, of
Assistants Eeturns.
I beg leave to observe that I had so many and just rea-
sons to apprehend a miscarriage of this latter packet, that
I caused the necessary printing to be done at this place.
The receipt of the first packet was fortunate, as it enabled
me to ascertain your views, and, in due time, to make the
preliminary arrangements in conformity with them. Some
days previously to the arrival of this second packet, the
allotment had been all completed and every necessary paper
transmitted to the several Assistants. Duplicates were
sent to the distant settlements of the Arkensas, by private
conveyance, lest the packets by mail should suffer delay
or miscarriage.
It is probable that the accounting Officers of the Treas-
ury will admit this little charge of extra printing, in the
contingent expenses of my Office.
TO BENJAMIN FOOY
glR St. Louis Augt. 1. 1810
I wrote you on the 24th July appointing you Secretary's
Assistant for taking the Census of the People within the
Settlements of Hope-Field, and of those near the mouth
of St. Francis' Eiver.
As this [is] a business on which government is anxious
to be accurately informed I take the liberty of repeating,
by private conveyance, my most earnest hope that you will
not refuse me your assistance. Accompanying this, you
The Second Acting-Governorship, 149
will receive 2 circulars of the Secy, of State — The Census
Laws — 2 Assistants Oaths, 1 Blank Return and 4 heads
of Schedules. By Post, together with your own packet,
you will receive one for Mr. Daniel Mooney Asst. for the
settlements of the Arkensas.
TO DANIEL MOONEY
glR St. Louis Augt. 1st. 1810.
Apprehending miscarriage, or at any rate, delay of my
letter to you by Post, of 24th of last month, I avail myself
of a private conveyance to inform you, that I have ap-
pointed you Secy's Assistant for taking the Census of the
People of the district of the Arkensas, except those at
Hope Field and near the mouth of the St. Francis, which
have been allotted to Judge Fooy. Enclosed herewith you
will find the Census Laws, 2 Circulars of the Secy, of State,
2 Assistants Oaths, 1 Blank Eeturn and 4 Schedules or
heads of Eeturns. If, from any unforeseen, or unavoid-
able circumstances, it should be out of your power to attend
to this business, I beg that you will cause it to be done by
some intelligent and discreet person, as the distance &
difficulty of communication will not allow me time to make
a second appointment. An Answer is requested containing
a receipt for the papers.
TO NINIAN EDWARDS
glR^ St. Louis Augt. 2d. 1810
I take the liberty to enclose you a Petition of Charles
Relle and Baptise & Francis Piqueur. The application was
150 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
improperly made to me, as the Kickapoos by whom the
property is alledged to have been stolen, reside within
your government. —
I avail myself of this occasion to say that the Illinois
Indians make frequent visits to this place under the pre-
text of talk with the public Agents, and not unfrequently
commit some violence or other, immediately before their
departure. The appointment by yourself of an Agent resi-
dent in this neighbourhood, would contribute very much
to the suppression of these practices. Altho' the duty
would be somewhat burthensome, I have no doubt, that
Mr. Peter Chouteau would, at your request, very cheer-
fully undertake it.
CIRCULARS ADDRESSED TO HENRY DODGE,
WILLIAM GARNER, AND JOSEPH N.
AMOUREUX
gIR St. Louis 8 Aug '10.
In addition to the Papers accompanying your appoint-
ment as Secy's Assistant for taking the Census within the
district of some time since transmitted, I now
enclose duplicates of the Schedule, the instructions the
Laws and the Oaths, lest the first should have miscarried.
Be pleased to acknowledge the receipt of the whole with-
out delay —
JOSEPH N. AMOUREUX TO BATES
a New Madbid 15th August 1810 —
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
official favors of the 26th of June and of the 24th of July
The Second Acting-Governorship. 151
last; the first naming me an assistant for taking the Cen-
sus of the Inhabitants of this District, for which please to
accept my sincere gratitude, the second inclosing the
printed, Laws, Instructions etc. agreeable to the note
thereto annexed —
I have begun to take the Census on the day appointed
by Law, and shall endeavour to conform myself in every
Instance to yours and the other general directions: I
shall particularly attend to your desire of having the re-
turns made to you as soon as possible : for that purpose I
shall take the opportunity of the good season to go to
those scattered places, to which at rainy times the access
is almost impracticable; so that I am in hopes that after
having complied with all the requisites I will be able to send
my returns in the course of November, by some good safe
opportunity, unless you would think best to prevail on
some gentleman of the bar, returning from the November
Districts Courts, to take a particular charge of those re-
turns, upon which I shall await your further Instruc-
tions. —
I send here inclosed the oath taken by me before a Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas.
TO WILLIAM C. CARE, LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY
Dear Sir, St- Louis Au£ 18- 1810
I owe you my best thanks, for your unexpected favor of
25th ulto. Your informations were very acceptable. Of
Gov : Howard, we had heard nothing which could be relied
upon — And indeed apprehensions began to be entertained,
that he would altogether decline the discharge of a trust,
which in the opinions of all, had been so worthily reposed.
152 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
I rather think there must be some misconception in the
idea that Mr. Gallatin was authorized to pay the salaries
of the commissioners &c. It is not possible that he would
have withholden the money, except for the best of reasons.
Your bad health gives much concern to your friends.
Even your rivals in practice would regret the circumstance
which should protract your stay in Kentucky. I sincerely
hope that your confidence in the good effects of the medic-
inal waters of your parent state may not be disappointed,
and that with new recruits of health and alacrity, we may
soon welcome your arrival among us. In society as in
business, I am persuaded your absence occasions a void
which would not be immediately [filled] by another. Of
your family, you say nothing — I hope they enjoy health. —
I can very readily enter into those feelings of pleasure
and of surprize which you must have experienced on your
return to Kentucky from the astonishing increase of wealth,
population and manufactures. We shall, in our turn, I
have no doubt, enjoy these blessings : and the overflowings
of national prosperity elsewhere will find easy channels,
and a capacious reservoir for their reception in Louisiana.
From every internal symptom, as well as from every indi-
cation from abroad, I am led to conclude that those of you
who have made early purchases of lands will, at no very
distant day, find your account in it. Taking up my opin-
ions from those who are well informed on the subject, 1
have no doubt that our soil is perfectly well suited to the
growth of Hemp.57 Our friend Eiddick has not arrived.
57 Hemp was produced in Upper Louisiana by Laclede as early as
1775. Two years later he was instructed by the Spanish authorities to
encourage hemp and flax culture. Laclede advised that slaves be sent
if the business were to develop. Galvez replied that the king had decided
The Second Acting-Governorship. 153
I am impatient to see him. In his absence and yours I have
not a friend to whom I can unbosom myself in any delicate
emergency. I did not take up your paper in the hands of
Mr. Chouteau, for the reason that he settled my note with
Mr. Philipson58 who had money of mine some time pre-
viously to the 1st of July and without my knowledge. It
can still be done, if you desire it.
TO WILLIAM GARNER
SlE St. Louis Aug 22. 1810
I received by last post, your letter of the 10th. Some
general account of manufactures will be acceptable. The
Secretary of the Treasury has not thought it worth while
to extend the Law as respects them to this country, —
And indeed, in the infancy of our Settlements we have very
little to boast of on that score. The Proclamation of 20th
April 1808, to which you allude is of no authority as re-
spects boundaries. The Governor had no power extending
to objects of that kind. Boundaries between the Whites
and Indians must be established either by the general gov-
ernment or by treaties —
to make provision for supplying the needed labor. Houck, History of
Missouri, I, 305.
In the American period, as the settlements developed along the
Missouri River, hemp became the great staple, and it was in the hemp
country that slavery got its strongest hold. H. A. Trexler, Slavery in
Missouri, 1804-1865, in Johns Hopkins University, Studies in Historical
and Political Science, XXXII, No. 3, pp. 23-26.
ss in 1808 Jacob Philipson came from Philadelphia and opened a store
in St. Louis. His advertisement appeared in the Missouri Gazette, Decem-
ber 14, 1808.
154 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
TO JOHN MICHIE, GOOCHLAND COURT HOUSE,
VIRGINIA
Dr. Sir, St- Louis AuS 22- '10
I very much approve your determination to visit Louis-
iana rather than rely on the informations of others. With
the best intentions I might mislead you into error: And
indeed your enquiries of 26th June embrace so wide a field
that I am very sure it would not be in my power, satis-
factorily to answer them. A residence of three years in
this country has impressed upon my mind the most lasting
prepossessions in its favor and induced me to give it the
preference to all other parts of the U States which I have
visited. But my pursuits, it must be confessed have been
of too special a nature to enable me to decide with respect
to its agricultural advantages. For the present, I merely
send you notes of my momentary recollections — Here-
after, if you desire it, I will forward the results of my
conversations with those, who are better informed than
I can pretend to be —
< Price of Slaves?' variously from $300 to $500 < Hirer
$8. & $10 Per Mo. — ' Crop V Corn, Wheat, Oats and other
small grains — Hemp at some future day will probably be
the Staple. ' Price of the Crop?' — very fluctuating — con-
sumed at home — and the demand depends on the number
and ability to purchase, of the new comers. Emigration
however numerous and constant, nothwithstanding the
supposed insecurity in the land titles. — Corn has sold for
25cts. — sometimes 75cts. per bushel — Whiskey 50cts.
Peach Brandy lOOcts. Per Gal : Beef $3 Per Cwt. — Pork
$3_Cwt. Bacon $4 to $8 Per Cwt. — 'Money V Silver
and Kentuckv-Bank Bills. — a deficit of these as a medium
The Second Acting-Governor ship. 155
of exchange induces the practice of making contracts, for
specific articles of that kind of property which has been
found most negociable, such as Lead, Beaver, Peltry.
'Land?' On this subject I will give you the opinions of
Judge Lucas who has been a practical farmer for the last
20 years. He says that 2d rate here, produces better than
1st in Pennsylvania The soil is light, and attention rather
than labour is necessary in cultivating it. There is no
doubt a great diversity, from the rocky barrens to the
unexhaustable low grounds of the Missouri & the Missis-
sippi. The man of business can never be deceived in the
titles, altho' the adjustment is not yet completed. ' Price
of Lands?' You know the habits of a frontier People —
They are fond of hunting and they are averse to Laws.
As soon as the Settlements approach them they sell out —
Sometimes good Plantations, with Vacant Cabbins, orch-
ards &c. have been sold for 50cts. Per Acre — And if the
Sheriff has the disposal of them, they bring much less.
Lands of the very first rate are sold, by those who are not
thus strongly induced to make sacrifices at $3 Per Acre.
The Lands produce, of Corn 50 Bushels and of Wheat 30
Bushels Per Acre. The soil is well suited to the growth
of Tobo. tho' very little is cultivated. The quantity of
its produce Per Acre, has never, that I know of, been
fairly ascertained. ' Water?' Very excellent in its quality,
but not very abundant. The river water is drunk in our
village in preference to all others. Tho' in its natural
state, it has a muddy, and almost an abhorrent aspect, yet
after it has deposited its sediment in large Jars of 80 &
100 Gals, it becomes pure as the clearest spring water.
'Air?' Somewhat changeable — Sudden transitions from
heat to cold, but extremes in neither — However, on this
156 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
subject as well as with respect to ' Health!' and ' Prevailing
diseases V I cannot adventure any thing very positively,
until I talk with our philosophical People. I am satisfied
however that we have more comparative Health here than
you have in Virginia. ' Society? ' is as you might conjecture
it to be, in a new country — somewhat promiscuous. —
4 The business of a Lawyer?' Those, who have been qualified
to succeed have succeeded.
I shall be very glad to see you in St. Louis It is here
only that you can form correct judgments on the Affairs of
the country. — Lead $5 & $6 Per Cwt. . . .
[P. S.] Since writing the above have been told that Negro
men hire at the mines from $10 to $15. —
PART V
The Administration of Governor Howard
THE ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR
HOWARD
JOHN G. HEATH1 TO BATES
Dear Sir Saint Charles 23d Aug 1810
When last I had the pleasure to see you I requested per-
mission to hunt beaver in the Osage country the ensueing
winter. You generously took upon you to mention the
thing to Majr Choteau their agent. I am now fully equiped
to make the tour & most earnestly entreat you to assist me
to procure permission if it does not at this time belong
to you officially. I hear that a Govr. has arrived. I am
not satisfied whether it appertains to his office or not. The
thing is of the utmost concern to me as my fortune good
or bad depends upon it. Therefore your kind interference
will oblige me in the Greatest posible point for which my
feelings will always be greatful — favour me with an
answer if you please — I have hard times. Men whom I
have sweated by night and day to save from the devil have
turned upon me & try to force me to cut my own throat
for a few cents — poverty & troublesome Enemes at the
same time are difficult things I can assure you. Adieu.
i Heath and William Christy established the first salt works in
Cooper County (1808). Heath was admitted to the bar at St. Charles
in 1808 and in 1814 represented St. Charles County in the territorial
assembly. In 1816 he was circuit attorney of Howard County, and in
1820 represented Franklin County in the constitutional convention.
(159)
160 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
JAMES ABBOTT TO BATES
Dear Sir Detroit, 28 August 1810.
I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your
letters of the 12th January, 9th & 23d May; the former
advising of your having drawn on me in favor of the Hon :
A. Chouteau for three hundred and eighty one dollars and
seventy four cents, which has been duly honored ; the latter
covering a Special Power of Attorney for conveying a
certain donation lot; which has not yet been done, but, as
all the Judges of the Territory are now present, I am in
hopes of obtaining a Deed for the same in the course of a
few days, when the business will be attended to.
Very little news — Our Territory continues to be torn
to pieces by party animosities, so much so, that the people
are in a great measure determined on petitioning the Gen-
eral Government to be attached to the State of Ohio. I
have thought it prudent not to interfere.
I have the pleasure to inform you that my Brother Sam-
uel has been appointed Collector and Inspector for the Dis-
trict of Michilimackinac : His commissions are dated 3rd
May, which you will please recollect, was after the adjourn-
ment of Congress, consequently, his appointment will have
to be laid before the Senate, at their next meeting, for
their approbation. Permit me my Dear Sir to solicit your
interest with the members of that Honorable Body and the
Treasury Department in his behalf. If you consider it
agreeable so to do, it would be advisable that your letters
on the subject should reach Washington City a few days
before the next session of Congress.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 161
TO ROBERT SMITH
qtt> Secretary's Office Oct 1. 1810.
OlR,
I have the honor to enclose herewith copies of the Exec-
utive Proceedings in this territory during the half year,
commencing 1st April and ending 30 September. The Leg-
islature did not convene in this term.
TO BENJAMIN HOWARD
gIR^ Oct 22d. 1810
In execution of your Orders of this morning I have the
honor to enclose the only papers in the files of this Office
which appear to have a material relation to the fiscal con-
cerns of the territory, they are, 1st The letter & statement
of Geo Henderson late Treasurer of the district of Cape
Girardeau of 26th of March 1809
2dly The statements of Michael Amoureux late Auditor
of the Public Accts. for the district of New Madrid
3rdly The letter & statement of Joshua Humphreys clerk
of the courts of the district of New Madrid dated 8 Sep
1810
4thly The Returns of the late commissioners of Rates
& Levies of the divisions of their respective districts into
townships with statements of the taxable inhabitants
The provision in the 6th Sec of this Act establishing
courts of justice and regulating judicial proceedings P. 88
of the Laws,2 has not, as far as relates to returns to be
made to the Governor been very strictly observed.
2 The reference is to an early edition of the Laws. The original act
of July 3, 1807 is in Missouri Territorial Laws, I, 105-125. It was amended
October 20, 1807 (ibid., I, 183-184), and again amended November 7, 1808
(ibid., I, 223-224).
162 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
ALBERT GALLATIN TO BATES3
Treasury Department
Sib, 5th Novemr 1810.
The Surveyor General writes that Mr Bent4 is required
by the Commissioners to execute surveys at the distance of
500 or 1000 Miles, which it is impossible for him to do with-
out incurring considerable expence for travelling.
If there is a number of Surveys to be executed in the
same quarter, I should suppose that a deputy might be
appointed for the purpose.
But if there are insulated claims at that distance, and
no danger of interference, might not the confirmation by
the Commissioners be made without a previous survey,
and in such manner as to direct the manner in which the
Survey should be hereafter executed?
That mode was very, perhaps indeed too generally
adopted by the Commissioners in the Mississippi Terri-
tory.
Upon the whole I have no doubt that the Commissioners
will try to arrange that difficulty and have no disposition to
require from the principle Surveyor services which, though
within the letter of the Law, he cannot reasonably be
expected to perform. The discretion in that respect is
theirs, and I am sure that it will be properly exercised.
TO ROBERT SMITH
Sm? St. Louis 9 Nov 1810
I had the honor to receive by this week's mail, your
letter of the 1st ulto.
s Original in the Treasury Department, Mail, "N-O," 3466.
* Silas Bent.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 163
We have been diligent in the business of the census. On
the appointment of the Assistants I entreated them to fur-
nish their enumeration as such earlier than the prescribed
periods, as a careful and regular discharge of their duties
would permit.
Returns have been already received from the districts
of St. Charles & St. Genevieve and from part of the dis-
trict of the Arkensas. As soon as all the returns shall
have been made, but little time will be required to make
the general statement.
TO JOHN COBURN5
Sm St. Louis, Nov 14. 1810.
It was stated to me this morning, that you had written
a letter to Governor Howard containing some strictures
on the removal of the late Sheriff of the district of St.
Louis.
I waited on the Governor to learn particulars: He de-
clines as I had foreseen to say any thing on the subject.
The correctness of his determinations in this respect can-
not be doubted. You will therefore do me a favour, and
probably the last I shall ever ask of you, by stating explic-
itly whether or not these strictures were made, and if
affirmatively what they substantially amounted to. I am
not so unreasonable as to expect that you will enter into a
laboured argumentation on the subject. I entreat facts
and facts alone; for from these I am very desirous of
drawing my own conclusions.
s This letter was suppressed at the suggestion of Governor Howard.
See Bates to Coburn, May 1, 1811.
164 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
If you should be disposed to make the mental enquiry
of yourself 'For what purpose can these informations be
wanted?' Simply Sir, at my leisure moments to amuse
myself with contrasts, to complete my collection of the
epistolary writings of The Honorable Judge Coburn ! —
Were you not in Kentucky, at the time of this transac-
tion ! And could you have known the circumstances, except
from the partial relations of interested People! "Why not
let them tell their own story? How durst you decide on
that evidence which you imagined the Governor was about
to weigh! Why obtrude your advices on that excellent
man, who, at the same time that he throws around you the
veil of silence appears, from his profound neglect of the
subject, to disregard, with the truly honorable feelings of
a Gentleman, your malicious and intermeddling insinua-
tions 1
You have professed friendship for me too; and you do
know Sir, that I had deserved something more at your
hands, than empty professions! —
It was the saying of a celebrated Roman of Antiquity,
who even caused it to be inscribed on his tomb, that he
had repaid, as well the injuries of enemies, as the good
offices of friends with ample interest. There was a fero-
cious justice in this but pardon me the liberty of saying,
that I cannot fathom the morals of that man, who, like the
Bear of the Satirist, embraces only to destroy.
TO JAMES MADISON
gIR) St. Louis Nov 28. 1810
I cannot suffer the term of my Secretaryship to expire
without expressing to you my grateful sense of the confi-
The Administration of Governor Hotvard. 165
deuce heretofore reposed. It has been my uniform en-
deavour to prove myself not altogether unworthy of it.
The exercise of the Executive Office which has twice, for
long periods, devolved on me, presented duties, with which
indeed I was not familiar, but from the discharge of which
I did not shrink. — Errors, most probably have been com-
mitted ; — yet I take the liberty to assure you that I am
not sensible of them. 'Mens sibi conscia recti'6 is my gen-
eral defence, rather than a claim to indulgence: for I be-
lieve myself prepared to submit the entire series of my
conduct to the most rigid investigation.
With respect to re appointment I have foreborne solici-
tation, in the ordinary forms, determined to ask it only of
you Your favorable opinion would be greatly flattering
to me, at all times; but particularly gratifying under ex-
isting circumstances.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
gm St. Louis 5th Deer. 1810
I have to acknowledge my f orgetfulness heretofore of that
part of your instructions of 2d April 1807 which relates
to the monthly return of Patent Certificates. The Report
in progressive numbers from 1 to 101 and up to the last
of November is herewith transmitted For the time to come
I hope to avoid your censure in this respect.
When last I had the honor to address you in reply to
your enquiries as to the probable progress of the adjust-
ment of the Land-Claims, I entertained the belief that the
6 The mind conscious of right.
166 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
Report might be made during the present Session of Con-
gress. It is not now possible.
The 'hatons nous lentement' so necessary in the dis-
charge of complex and important business is a faculty
which we never shall acquire. The Commissioners are in-
cessantly disappointed in their own calculations, for the
obvious reason that the order of business is forever chang-
ing : They hazard statements which you have not required,
and they decline to answer your direct enquiries, because
the Recorder had been chosen as the medium of corre-
spondence.
I enclose a duplicate of mine of 13th June last Much
remains to be done, and for causes which it would be pre-
sumptions in me to assign, some degree of uncertainty will
continue to exist, as to the time which will be necessary
to complete it.
TO JOSEPH CHARLESS, SR.
Mr Charless; gT> Loms Dec ia lgm
As I have observed that you sometimes fill your columns
with scraps of Indian Eloquence, I make so free as to
submit to your criticism, and for publication, if you think
proper, a talk of the Big Soldier8 delivered May 1807 in a
council held with the Osages by Major Peter Chouteau.
It may perhaps be said that there is nothing great or
Chieftain like, in these persuasive supplications. Where
the Indian character is known this will not be objected. At
7 Editor of the Louisiana Gazette.
s Big Soldier was known to the French as Grand Soldat and to the
Indians as Peno-we-gouna. He was a Menominee chief. Wisconsin His-
torical Collections, X, 110; XI, 278; XII, 193, 197, 198, 200, 277. The
speech appeared in the Louisiana Gazette, December 12, 1810.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 167
any rate, I do not know that he is less of a hero, on account
of the extreme sensibility of his domestic attachments. If
Priam without derogation could descend to humiliating
entreaty, in order to obtain the dead body of his son,9 it
appears to me that the Osage may be excused when both
his Hecuba and his Hector, from whom alone he expected
his earthly consolations, were in the hands of his enemies.
No embellishment of this speech has been attempted:
On the contrary, many of its native beauties as I am told
disappear under its foreign drapery —
WILLIAM GARNER TO BATES
gIR Cape Girardeau 17th Deem. 1810
I Received Your letter of the 8th August — enclosed in
a Packet containing duplicates of the Schedule the Instruc-
tions the laws and the Oaths all of which came safe to
hand — I now send you by the bearer hereof Mr. Andrews
a Schedule containing the number of Persons within the
district of Cape Girardeau the division alotted to me, I
have been particular in setting the Townships Separate
and Giving the agregate number in each Township; I did
not consider the Town of Cape Girardeau as forming any
district or Civil division of the district, I have not there-
fore Separated it from the Township of Cape Girardeau,
nevertheless I have certified the agregate number residing
within the Town at the end of the Schedule; I have also
at the end of the Schedule made a return of the manufac-
QHector, the eldest son of Priam and Hecuba, was slain by Achilles.
Priam went in person to the Grecian camp to ransom the body. Achilles,
moved by his entreaties, permitted a truce of twelve days for the funeral
of Hector.
168 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
tories, the articles, and the probable Value of the articles
manufactured annually in my division in dollars & c as
this chiefly consisted of Household manufactures I found
it to be very troublesome — The dispersed Situation of the
Inhabitants in my division and the Intervention of other
business caused me to be longer in making my return than
I at first expected, but Hope it will reach you in due time
and the manner in which it is done will be to your Satis-
faction — I wish to know if any application is necessary on
my part to make for my fees; and, if any in what way I
shall apply, also how much I may expect for my Services.
TO ROBERT SMITH
gIR St. Louis Jany 10. 1811
I have the honor to transmit, An Aggregate amount of
each description of persons within the territory of Louis-
iana in conformity with the laws and your instruc-
tions. . . .
I enclose a copy of their [the assistants'] approbation to
Mr. Gallatin, to whom I suppose the application for a set-
tlement of the accounts will be properly made. My oath
of office accompanies the schedule.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
gIR St. Louis Jany. 10. 1811.
Not having been honored with your instructions under
the 2d. Sec of the Act ' further to alter and amend &c.no
I did not make with the Assistants any arrangements on
io The original act providing for the taking of the census was
amended four times. An amendment of April 12, 1810 provided that the
I OF LOUISIANA.
>>
S3
S U>
ft d
E3
83 0
«S
8
■8
<X> .PH
*£
2^
> O «J
"-1 fl
1— (
8
forty-
rds, i
famil
other
cept
ted
.2
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i— 1 <D 4->
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o
IS
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o
o
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02
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H
101
13
271
3505
165
120
740
5667
112
459
988
4620
eig
five
105
8
589
3888
ousand,
& forty
66
5
287
2103
■*•> TS
—
—
29
188
Twenty
hundr(
13
2
107
874
562
607
I
3011
20845
i
•ibed by me this 10th day of January, A. D. 1811
Frederick Bates
Secv. of Louisiana
AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF EACH DESCRIPTION OF PERSON'S WITHIN* THE TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA.
FREE WHITE MALES
FREE
WHITE FEMALES
§
H
II
48
g
Is
II
n
al
Names
of the respective
1
1
SB |
"""l
3«
1
1
ili
Is"
I
DisiiiKTs am> Settlements
1
§
11°
lit
|-ia
I
5
|-o
Isl
111
1
|
,
o
o
o
o
*"
to
e-
H
Dt of St. Charles
660
224
305
347
183
[657]
231
256
257
101
13
271
3505
do. St. Louis
942
360
513
590
283
[8661
330
432
326
165
120
740
5667
do. St. Genevieve
672
269
214
411
174
[578]
205
232
306
112
459
988
4620
f s
do. Cape Girardeau
693
258
273
380
146
625
275
275
261
105
8
589
3888
IS
do. Now Madrid
310
150
173
193
111
338
165
164
141
66
5
287
2103
Hope Field & St. Frances Settlemts
29
14
17
21
9
26
12
16
15
-
-
29
188
II
Arkensas Settlements
132
70
73
127
61
123
47
56
63
13
2
107
874
r»
3438
1345
1568
2069
967
3213
1265
1431
1369
562
607
3011
20845
THE number of persons within my division, consisting of the Territory of Louisiana, appears in a schedule hereto annexed, subscribed by me this 10th day of January, A. D. 1811
Frederick Bates
Secv. of Louisiana
The Administration of Governor Howard. 169
the subject of manufactures. Two of them, however, have
volunteered statements wch. I make so free as to trans-
mit.— I enclose also a copy of the return this day made
to the Secretary of State of the population of the terri-
tory, together with Mema. of the am'ts due to the several
Assistants. The Judges concurred with me in opinion
that the Assistants should be allowed the maximum com-
pensation provided by the Law. A Copy of this approba-
tion accompanies the Mema.
Mess'rs McNair & Garner have had some additional
trouble in collecting their informations as to manufactures.
They know that they have no direct claims ; yet I have ex-
pressed to them my hopes that some extra provision would
be made.
TO ROBERT SMITH
gIR St. Louis Jany 14 1811
On the 10th I put into the office the Returns of the enu-
meration of the People of Louisiana. But as very little
reliance can be placed in the regularity of the mails at this
season of the year I have the honor to transmit herewith,
by private conveyance to Nashville, a duplicate of those
Returns.
enumeration should close within five months from the 1st Monday in
August (U. S., Statutes at Large, II, 570). On May 1, 1810 the form of
oath for marshals, secretaries and assistants was changed and provision
was made for the gathering of information concerning manufactures
(ibid., II, 605). On March 2, 1811 the time for the completion of returns
to marshals and secretaries was extended to the 1st Monday of June, and
of marshals and secretaries to the 1st Monday of July (ibid., II, 658.) On
March 3, 1811 the secretary of the treasury was authorized to allow such
compensation as he deemed adequate for those who collected information
on manufactures, but the total sum was not to exceed $30,000 (ibid.,
II, 661).
170 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
DAVID BOBINSON TO BATES
Sir, Kaskaskia Jan'y 16th 1811
I have for some years past been making remarks and
taking notes of the most particular things relative to the
upper Louisiana indavouring to Give a true Statement of
that part which lieth proxemate to the Missouri river on
both Sides from its mouth to Fort Osage with a Sceth [sic]
of the Osages Customes manners and habits with a Short
Vocabulary of their dielect: but my principle object is to
remove Some Objections which Some persons have enter-
tained with respect to the Salubrity of the Country and
Give a correct account of what has presented it Self to my
view both by land and water without Exaggeration and
the Population of the Districts of St. Charles and St. Louis.
I am under the necessity of Solisiting the favour of you to
Give me the Censes of those Districts to inable me to show
the Migration which has taken place in a few years. Your
patronage in this will meet with the merit it deserv's from
your friend and Humble Servant. . . .
N. B. my work will appear in the Northern States as it
is most wanted there.
TO THOMAS T. CRITTENDEN11
SIR^ St. Louis March 12. 1811
Altho' the papers have some time since, announced my
reappointment to the See's office, I have yet no official ad-
ii Thomas T. Crittenden was a brother of Senator J. J. Crittenden of
Kentucky. He was appointed deputy attorney general in 1810 by Governor
Howard. On October 1, 1811 he killed Dr. Walter Fenwick in a duel on
Moreau's Island, below Ste. Genevieve. Henry Dodge acted as Fenwick's
second, and John Scott served in similar capacity for Crittenden.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 171
vices on the subject. It is therefore merely as an indi-
vidual12 anxious for the welfare of the country that I take
the liberty to subjoin a copy of a letter which I have just
received. Accept assurances of my respects.
TO MOSES AUSTIN
SlR St. Louis Mar 27. 1811
Yr letter of the 19th Mar was deld. yestery. by your
son.13 I have not heard from the City, therefore cannot
say any thing in an official way on the subject of lead mines
in your neighbourhood. It has ever been a subject of
regret and mortification to me that individuals should have
been permitted, without the forms of law, or the semblance
of justice to dispose of the public property, and to ap-
propriate to themselves its emoluments. I did hope that
long ere this a period would have been put to these usurpa-
tions.
It is said, altho ' I have no certain information that Gov :
Howard left Virga. for this place about 4th He would
stay in Kentucky but a few days.
Yr letter enclosing the address for the division of the
district is received. You already know my opinions on
that subject.
12 The absence of Governor Howard and the fact that Bates did not
receive his commission of reappointment as secretary, left the territory
without a functioning executive for many weeks. Bates' commission
arrived May 7, 1811, and for a short time he acted as governor.
is Stephen Fuller Austin.
172 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
SIR, St. Louis April 1. 1811
I have this day taken the liberty to draw on you, in
favor of Edward Hempstead or order, for the sum of sixty
dollars, being the amt. of the contingent expenses of the
board of Coins, for ascertaining & adjustg. the titles &
els. to lands in this territory for the quartr. endg. 31 Mar
last. I enclose the voucher. The board has been in most
anxious expectation of advices. We have rumours of new
arrangements ; but the irregularity or rather the total fail-
ure of the Mail has prevented the receipt of any intelli-
gence on wch. reliance could be placed.
ALBERT GALLATIN TO JOHN B. C. LUCAS, CLEM-
ENT B. PENROSE AND FREDERICK BATES14
Treasury Department
Gentlemen, APril 24th 181L
I enclose for the use of your Board a copy of the Land
Laws collected pursuant to the act of Congress of 27th
April 1810 ; to which the Land Laws passed during the last
Session of Congress have been added. Amongst these you
will perceive one which provides for your compensation,
and that of the Clerk and translator. So far as relates to
the claims rejected it does not appear that the allowance
made for these can be paid untill your report thereon shall
have been received. But the allowance for claims con-
firmed and on which you have issued certificates may be
i* Original in the Treasury Department, Mail "N-O," 3470.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 173
paid from time to time ; and each of the Commissioners as
well as the Clerk, is authorized to draw on the Secretary
of the Treasury for the amount respectively due on account
of such confirmed claims. It will be necessary that the
number of certificates for which the draft is made should
be expressed on its face, that a transcript or abstract of
the certificates designating the No., name of Grantee and
number of acres respectively granted to each, should be
previously or at the same time transmitted by the Clerk;
and that the certificate of attendance as required by the
act should accompany or precede the draft.
TO JOHN SMITH T, CANNON MINES15
glB St. Louis April 29. 1811
When you were last in town we had much conversation
on the subject of your misunderstandings with the Messrs.
Perrys. I stated to you that Mr Perry, (meaning William,
who had been in St. Louis a few days before) 'Had not
obtained a Lease of a Lead Mine. That it was impossible
he should have obtained one since his application was made
after the expiration of my term of service and before I
had official advices of its renewal. '
It is true that about twelve months ago, I did ver-
is The Cannon Mines were in modern Union Township, in Washington
County (American State Papers, Public Lands, III, 576). They were about
ten miles from Mine a Burton. In a report of October 7, 1816 of Moses
Austin to Return J. Meigs, commissioner of the general land office, Austin
listed thirty-three mines in Washington County, the Cannon Mines being
in the list (ibid., Ill, 609-613). In Schoolcraft's list of active mines in
1819, forty-five mines were mentioned (Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, Scenes
and Adventures in the Semi-Alpine Region of the Ozark Mountains of
Missouri and Arkansas, 158-175). This is in striking contrast to condi-
tions in 1811 when, according to Henry M. Brackenridge, there were only
thirteen active mines (Views of Louisiana, 146-153).
174 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
bally permit Mr. Saml. Perry to search for Lead Mineral
on the Public Lands, assuring him that if he made a dis-
covery he should be permitted to occupy fifty acres as the
Tenant at Will of the Government. No writings were drawn.
Had this circumstance however occurred to me at the mo-
ment, I should have mentioned it to you. The transaction
had escaped my memory.
He now tells me that the discovery made under this
verbal permission and assurance, is the spot for which
your agents and himself are contending.
We all know that it is not within my province to adjust
individual differences, and I take the liberty of mentioning
these things for the sole purpose of preventing the possi-
bility of misapprehension.
TO JOHN COBURN, STE. GENEVIEVE
gIR St. Louis May 1st. 1811
I wrote you a few lines last fall, and had besides some
little conversation with Governor Howard on your sub-
ject. His prudent intimations induced me to suppress that
letter, and to await your semi annual visit to this country.
In the meantime I have been sporting my railleries at your
expence.
He whose public character and whose private life are
exposed to exception, should not, if I might advise, make
rash and blundering attacks on others. —
Let me know, in a few words, the extent of what you
have attempted against me in Louisiana, and Kentucky as
well as in Washington. Of this I am most anxious to be
informed, that my returns of courtesy may be, as nearly
as possible adjusted to the provocations which I have re-
ceived.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 175
Be brief, I pray you; for I tell you plainly that your
eloquence has lost its persuasion. At any rate, I am no
longer to be amused with the music of your periods, nor
mislead by the emptiness of your rhetorical flourishes.
TO MOSES AUSTIN
SIR^ St. Louis May 1. 1811
I do not know in what way to write on a subject with
respect to which so much has been already said and written.
Your letter of 27th ulto. was deld. this morning. — I do,
very heartily regret the party dissensions which exist at
the mines — and if I had the power, I should certainly have
the disposition to put them at rest forever, by shielding
the public property under the safeguard of the laws : But
really, after so much abortion and ineffectual interference
on the part of the Public Agents heretofore, it does appear
to me ridiculous for them to talk of giving regularity and
system to matters so inextricably involved.
I will never hereafter act in the business, but with de-
cision, and as I hope, with effect.
The com [mission! has not arrived — probably lost.
TO THE SECRETARY'S ASSISTANTS FOR TAKING
THE CENSUS WITHIN THE TERRITORY
OF LOUISIANA16 „ , 1Q11
May 1. 1811.
I have not been enabled by government to adjust your
accounts. The delay may have arisen from the general
irregularity, and entire failure of some of our mails.
is This notice appeared in the Louisiana Gazette, May 2, 1811.
176 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
The Report was made in January last, accompanied by
a statement of the amount of your respective demands.
TO BENJAMIN HOWARD, LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY
SlR St. Louis May 2d. 1811
A young man lately from Frankfort informs that you
had arrived in Lexington. Altho' probably among the last
to congratulate you, on your marriage with an amiable and
accomplished woman, I beg you to believe that I offer the
usual good wishes with the utmost sincerity of heart.17
Nothing has transpired during the winter of a very inter-
esting nature, and if I have been less communicative than
you had a right to expect, it may be ascribed to a dearth
of materials. —
It appears by the news papers that I have been re ap-
pointed to the Secretaryship. This serves me as a proof,
if not of your positive regards, at least, of a friendly neu-
trality with respect to me — And for which I assure you,
I am very grateful. The commission has not arrived, and
is probably lost, as some of our mails have failed, totally.
If not too troublesome, may I hope that you will write to
the Secretary of State, who will no doubt, transmit a dupli-
cate?
Some little inconvenience has arisen from the entire
absence of Executive authority — chiefly as to the authen-
tication of records, and certifying the official character of
17 On March 14, 1811 Governor Howard married Miss Mary Thompson
Mason, daughter of Stephen Thompson Mason, deceased. The Mason
home, where the marriage ceremony was performed, was in Loudoun
County, Virginia. Louisiana Gazette, March 21, 1811.
The Administration of Governor Howard. Ill
subordinate officers. The files being still in my hands, I
have in very many instances given private certificates,
which have answered every purpose, except where the
parties were disposed to take legal exceptions.
When equipments have been made for the Indian Coun-
try, the trader has called at the Office, professed readiness
to do whatever the law might require, obtained a writing
in acknowledgment of this tender and thought himself at
liberty to prosecute his voyage. The cool, deliberate and
barbarous murder of Ezekiel Rogers by Moses Kinney
some few weeks ago, in the township of Bon Homme, has
excited the indignation of every humane bosom.18 The
son of Rogers with a copy of the Inquest, pursued the mur-
derer to Paris in Kentucky, where he was committed to
prison, as I hear, by Judge Bayley, and released in a man-
ner which I cannot comprehend, by Judge Allen.19 Gov-
ernor Scott20 is furnished by this day's mail with the evi-
dence which was filed in the Clerk's office of the district,
is "Died on the 24th ult in Bon Homme township Ezekiel Rodgers;
in consequence of boiling water poured over him while asleep and after-
wards much beat and bruised. The name of the villain who committed
this foul deed we are informed is Moses Kenny, of Bourbon County,
Kentucky. Justice is robbed of its victim. Kenny has fled." Louisiana
Gazette, April 11, 1811.
19 John Allen was born in James City County, Virginia, in 1749. He
rose to the rank of major during the American Revolution. In 1781 he
began to practice law. In 1786 he moved to Kentucky, locating in Fayette
County. Two years later he settled at Paris in Bourbon County. He
was appointed judge of the Paris District court and in 1802 was appointed
judge of the Kentucky circuit court. Lewis Collins, History of Kentucky
(revised ed.), II, 80-81.
20 Charles Scott was born in Cumberland County, Virginia, in 1733.
He served under Braddock as a non-commissioned officer and during the
American Revolution became a brigadier-general. In 1785 he moved to
Woodford County, Kentucky. He served under St. Clair in 1791 and
under Wayne in 1794. He was governor of Kentucky, 1808-1812. Ibid.,
II, 706.
178 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
under the expectation that he would cause him to be again
arrested, and delivered over as required by an Act of
Congress of 12th Feby. 1793, respecting Fugitives from
Justice. Every man who has heard of the murderous trans-
action is shocked at the bare possibility of the criminals
escape.
TO BENJAMIN HOWARD
Sir, St. Louis May 8. 1811
Yr letter from Washington of 11 Jan did not arrive till
last evening. The Commission also came to hand by the
same Mail — And I am now sorry that I made the request
for a duplicate. The trouble which you gave yourself to
wait on the President with a view to my reappointment
demands my warmest acknowledgments. You had given
me no reason to count on your good word in the City —
and I did not presume to ask such a favor. It shall be my
study to justify your favorable opinion by the utmost cir-
cumspection in my public conduct; at the same time that
I feel a pleasing weight of personal gratitude of wch. I
hope to give you some better proof than mere words.
As the territorial Judges are now at St. Genevieve, I
shall set out tomorrow for the purpose of taking the Oath.
The People of the Mine townships have been pressing
for a separate district. I have been of opinion that their
request might be granted: But as it is a matter of ques-
tionable expediency it appears to me that the Secretary
ought not to hazard it, unless he get an intimation from the
Governor to use his discretion. I would not designedly do
any thing wch. might be displeasing to you — And as we
are led by rumour to hope for your arrival very shortly
it might be unnecessary to mention these things.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 179
You intimated to me the propriety of ascertaining or
creating anew the district limits between St Louis and St.
Genevieve. This would have been done last fall if I had
not imagined that you would prefer an ascertainment by
reference to the Proclamation of Gov Harrison in the
office of the Secretary of State at Washington. I took the
liberty to write you to this effect last winter.
The Law for the final adjustment of Land Claims21 has
given much dissatisfaction to the People at large. The
commissioners & the officers of the board are equally dis-
pleased: But their discontents are matters of very sub-
ordinate consideration. The People had indulged the hope,
perhaps an unreasonable one, that Congress would have
enacted more enlarged principles of confirmation. The
Compensation of the Clerk is indeed much less than he had
expected. If there has been unnecessary delay it is to be
imputed to us. It is somewhat severe to make the officers
of the board share in the reproof. My Colleagues Messrs
Lucas & Penrose have persuaded the Translator to resign
that the business may progress no farther until Govern-
ment make arrangements wch. may better please him. I
cannot approve an intrigue of this kind. They give assur
ances to the Translator that if this office again becomes
profitable he shall be reinstated.
With best wishes for your happiness I have the honor
to be Your Excellency's obliged and obedt Servant.
21 The act providing for the final adjustment of land claims in the
territories of Orleans and Louisiana became effective on February 15,
1811. It provided, among other things, that each of the commissioners
and the clerk of each board should be paid fifty cents for each claim
undecided on July 1, 1809 and on which a decision was made subsequent
to that date. Five hundred dollars were to be paid to each commissioner
and clerk upon completion of the reports. Translators were to be paid
180 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
TO NINIAN EDWARDS
gIR St. Louis June 18. 1811
I beg leave to state to yr Excy. that some time in last mo.
the barn of Mr. Peter Chouteau in the neighbourhood of
this town was burned by a party of Ottowa Indians, who,
I am told reside within your territory. I have advised Mr
Chouteau to procure written evidences of this burning and
have chosen the men jointly with himself for the estima-
tion of the amount of his loss. These Papers will be trans-
mitted to you.
I pray yr. Excy. to bestow as early an attention on the
subject as your convenience & the circumstances will per-
mit. . . .
Estimation
Barn $592. .90
17 tons Hay 140. .00
Total 732. .90
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
SlB St. Louis June 20. 1811
An accidental concurrence of circumstances has enabled
me to gain possession, without the employment of force,
of a Lead Mine, which promises to be abundantly richer
than any yet discovered in Louisiana. Reuben brother of
six hundred dollars a year until the report was completed, but were not
to be paid for more than eighteen months. It provided for a land office
for the Territory of Louisiana, and for a register and a receiver of public
monies. U. S., Statutes at Large, II, 617-621.
The Administration of Governor Howard, 181
John Smith (T) in the summer of 1808, before his depar-
ture for Mexico, located 1000 acres of the St. Vrain-Grant
on these lands, presuming that they contained mineral but
without having found the rich strata. Several hundred
men are now employed, and Capt. Dodge tells me that one
million of mineral has been already raised, altho' the dis-
covery is so recent that furnaces for smelting have not
yet been established. I lose no time, in transmitting a copy
of the lease, that the pleasure of the President may be
known with respect to it. The Eenaut-Agents are com-
mencing suits to stay waste, and for the recovery of dam-
ages against a great number of persons. From the best
informations which I have been able to collect, this new
discovery lies two miles at least beyond their limits: tho'
I have heard a lawyer, probably retained by the Agents,
assert the contrary. Of this, however I am very confident
that unless something be done, there are individuals who
will very soon possess and govern the most valuable parts
of this country as Proprietary Lords. —
Smith (T), Moorhead22 & Riddick have become purchas-
ers under an order of the General Court of a part of the
mineral tract of the late Julien Dubuque.23 Several of
22 Fergus Moorhead was a St. Louis business man. He had a mer-
cantile establishment, and for a time was in partnership with James
Baird in the blacksmith business, and with Alexander McNair in the
buying of cattle and hides. With Baird he opened and worked a coal
mine in Illinois. In 1810 Moorhead, John Smith T, and Thomas F.
Riddick purchased the holdings of Dubuque for about $3000. Moorhead
was also interested in the mines of Prairie du Chien. See Louisiana
Gazette, March 7, July 18, September 19, and October 19, 1811; Bradbury,
Travels, in Early Western Travels, V, 252-253.
23 Julien Dubuque was born at the village of St. Pierre les Brecquits,
Quebec, on January 10, 1762. By 1785 he had a trading house near
Prairie du Chien on the west side of the Mississippi River. From the
Sacs and Poxes he learned of their lead mines. In 1788 he received a
182 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
their boats have ascended the river with about 100 labourers
for the purpose of extending the old establishment. Not-
withstanding the extreme emptiness of these pretensions,
originally, the affair appears to me, to be so circumstanced
at this time, as to forbid the interference of the local author-
ities. It is possible that there may be some collisions be-
tween these People and the Fox and Sac Indians, who have
already as I understand from General Clark, made com-
plaints on the subject. I fear to take responsibilities which
it might be difficult for me to answer : but I entreat you to
believe that I am only anxious to know my duties that I
may discharge them. Judge Lucas has asked for the
original Papers for the purpose of moving for a revision
of the proceedings. They are not in the office, they were
delivered, by the Board, thro' their clerk, to the claimants
at the time of the ascertainment. After the just censures
which government has passed on that ascertainment, it
appears to me that nothing farther is left for the commis-
sioners to do with respect to it,
I beg permission to say a few words as to the land-
business. Your letter of 24th April accompanied by a vol-
ume of laws &e. &c. has been received. I expected that
the commissioners to whom it was addressed, would have
made some acknowledgments. Resignation has been hinted
at ; yet I rather think that that course is not seriously con-
concession from the Indians to work the "Spanish Diggins" near modern
Dubuque. In 1796 he obtained from Carondelet a grant in that region
of a tract seven leagues along the river and extending three leagues back
from the river. In 1808 he asked the United States to ratify the claim.
The matter was not settled until 1853 when the United States supreme
court decided against the claim. Dubuque died on March 24, 1810. At
the time of his death he was heavily in debt to Mackinac and St. Louis
traders. Wisconsin Historical Collections, XIX, 320; Annals of Iowa,
3d Series, II, 329-336.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 183
templated. The Translator has resigned long since, under
the assurances, as he tells me, from Messrs Lucas & Pen-
rose, that he shall be reelected, if his office again become
profitable. I expressed my surprize at such an intrigue,
the effect of which must be, if not altogether to suspend
the business at any rate, to embarrass its progress and re-
tard the final adjustment. — Since we lost the services of
Mr Le Due we have been employed in the examination and
signature of many hundred confirmations and grants which
include Orders of survey. These Papers were made up
by the Clerk, from time to time, but not signed by the
board, as it was thought best to deliver them collectively
to the Surveyor. I am not very thoroughly acquainted
with the reasons which govern our present movements;
but there appears to be an unexpressed determination to
close the business as far as it has gone, that every thing
may be left in intelligible order in the event of resignation.
My Assistants in taking the Census have become im-
portunate for a settlement. I suppose the delay is attrib-
utable to myself — for Mr. Pope Secy, of Illinois informs
me, that his accounts, transmitted in the form prescribed
by you, have been paid. I was not so fortunate as to re-
ceive your orders; but I took the liberty to forward an
ascertainment of the several sums due, in January last,
and make so free as to send a similar statement herewith.
A LEASE TO WILLIAM WILSON
The undersigned Recorder of Land Titles for the terri-
tory of Louisiana, does hereby lease to William Wilson
Esquire a tract of United States' land containing the quan-
tity of two hundred acres, 'In the neighbourhood of the
184 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Gum Spring near the road leading from Mine A Burton
to Herculaneum, so as to include a dry branch that makes
into the waters of the Joachim about 10 or 12 miles from
the Mine A Burton ' and on which tract there is a lead mine
lately discovered by the said William Wilson — Under the
expectation and with the express Proviso, that the said
tract does not interfere with any private claims, depending
before the board of Commissioners. —
And the said William Wilson does on his part promise
and engage that he will pay to the said Eecorder, or to the
person deputed by him for that purpose, for the use of the
United States, one tenth part of all the mineral raised on
said tract, or the amount thereof in Lead at the option of
the said Wilson.
These covenants to continue for the term of twelve
months, — It being understood, nevertheless, by the parties,
that they are to be submitted to the President who has
reserved to himself the power to modify or altogether to
annul the same — In the mean time the said Wilson shall
be maintained in possession, with the Proviso above
stated. —
Given under our hands and seals at St Louis the 30th
day of June 1811.
Frederick Bates — Seal —
Wm. Wilson — Seal —
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
SlR St. Louis July 17. 1811
On the 20th ulto. I hazarded the communication of a fact,
without intending to exhibit a charge, with respect to the
The Administration of Governor Howard. 185
intrigue which brought about the resignation of the Trans-
lator. That Officer finding that the business was neither
suspended, nor, in any great degree retarded by his absence
lately assured me that it was always his intention to have
accompanied the investigation thro' all its progress had
it not been for those incidents which I have already had
the honor to relate.
Struck with the absurdity and the injustice of our decid-
ing on claims, the evidences of which are frequently in a
language which no one of the commissioners pretends to
understand, I this day moved for the election of a Trans-
lator — And named M. P. Le Due He has been chosen —
Judge Lucas dissenting. —
Trusting to present appearances, I should believe that
the judicial part of our business would be finished in eight
or ten weeks.
TO JOHN MICHIE, GOOCHLAND COURT HOUSE,
VIRGINIA
glR St. Louis July 23d. 1811
I never shall be able to satisfy a mind so wary, so cir-
cumspect and so prudent as yours. All your letters have
been received; but to answer them satisfactorily is a task
beyond my leisure and above my capacity. Nothing short
of a whole lifetime would suffice for the accumulation of
such a vast fund of topographical, agricultural, mechanical
and commercial knowledge as you appear to expect from
me. You say that you must trust to the eyes of your
friends. Mine are none of the best, I do assure you, and
scarcely discharge their natural offices in the guidance of
their owner. The offspring of necessity, the creature of
186 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
circumstances, I have been so often thrown about the
world, that a prudent regard to my own peace of mind has
never failed, in a short time, to reconcile me to the place
where my interests may have placed me. You are not in
this situation. You are wealthy. You may choose your
own residence. The whole world is before you. I with
sweat and toil and drudgery have thought myself sufficiently
fortunate in gaining a snug retreat in the most sequestered
comer of it. I am partial to Louisiana, because I have
determined to live and die here, and will not be such a
fool as to quarrel with my destiny. But at the same time,
if I had Lands and Slaves and Cattle and Money it is not
altogether impossible, but that I might pitch my tents on
other shores. —
You might not like the land which 1 should 'price' for
you — We have such variety — Hill & bottom Woods &
Prairie — high near the town — cheap in the country —
Suitable for hemp here, for Tobo. there, for small grains in
another place — perhaps — or, at any rate, you might think
so. — Mills might be established on this stream, the springs
of water are delicious in another neighbourhood — but then
it is uncertain whether the current of emigration will have
that tendency — besides it is too far from the courts of
justice — And, after all is said, perhaps that little
neglected spot, where nobody thinks it worth while to build
a cabbin, will hereafter get a name and become the flour-
ishing market of the neighbouring country.
Small considerations decide questions of vast moment
sometimes, but, then, these must be motives of our own
and not the whimsical cogitations of other People. It fol-
lows very conclusively, from all this argumentation that
you will have to choose a tract of land for yourself — but
The Administration of Governor Howard. 187
I would advise you, by all means, to bring your books along
with you — They are not to be procured here — At least a
man of letters cannot complete a library. All kinds of
Household furniture & farming utensils may be left be-
hind — And I suppose we have as good gardens and orch-
ards as you have in Virga. Yet as garden seeds are light
carriage, you had better bring them, for you may chance
to have particular vegitables which are not found in this
country — And particular fruit trees too, if the season of
the year permit their transportation.
Robt. Wash24 esq is a young man of good promise — J
read a part of your letter to him — He will probably write
you.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
SlR St. Louis Aug 30. 1811
I had the honor to address you by last weeks mail in
reply to your letter of 14th March, which had just then
come to hand — And in obedience to the orders which that
letter contained, I enclosed you the original concurrence
of the Judges as to the compensation of my Assistants
in taking the Census. By this week's mail I have been
honored with your letter of 31st ulto. repeating your com-
mands of 14th March, and covering a duplicate of that
2i Robert Wash was born in Louisa County, Virginia, in 1790. He
graduated from William and Mary College in 1808. In Louisiana Terri-
tory he rose rapidly, becoming attorney general, and during the War of
1812 being attached to the staff of General Howard. In 1815 he was one
of the backers of the Western Journal, and in 1818 represented St. Louis
in the legislature of Missouri Territory. In 1824 he was appointed a
judge of the supreme court of Missouri, a position which he resigned
in 1837.
188 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
letter together with other useless papers, with which I am
sorry to have troubled you. Your circular Instructions of
17th May 1810 never have been received.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
gIR St. Louis Sept 4. 1811. —
I have had the honor to receive your letter of the 6th
ulto. & to present it to Governor Howard with whom it re-
mains. — The Lease to Henry Dodge, approved by the
President, will certainly be productive, if I am permitted
to make those arrangements for the regular receipt and
disposal of the Lead, which the circumstances of the case
appear to require I should have adventured this, without
express sanction, if the Governor had not been of opinion
that a previous intimation of the Presidents views might
be necessary, or that it might be prudent to wait for it.
If I should be so fortunate as to have the President's
confidence in the affair, I pledge myself for the success
with which it will be conducted : But whether the trust be
confided to me or to another, I beg leave, with much defer-
ence to express the opinion, that one undivided agency and
responsibility will be greatly for the public interest.
My letter of the 17th July informed you of the re elec-
tion of a translator to the board of commissioners. The
business, now, suffers no delay but that which is indis-
pensable in bringing up the Eecords, neglected by my
Predecessor, and in supplying, in some few instances, my
own omissions. These neglects and these occasional omis-
sions have been only discovered on a critical examination,
when the claims were about to be finally disposed of.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 189
Since the death of Mrs Lucas, Mr. Penrose and myself
have been alone. Whenever we have been of a different
opinion, the case has been postponed in hopes of the Judge's
attendance before the final close.
The Report will be very voluminous. The manner of
transmitting it to the City has not yet been talked of. I
am not even able to say, what time Mr. Riddick will re-
quire to complete it He is himself in weak health and has
already, as I believe, exhausted his funds in the employ-
ment of Assistants. —
TO JAMES MONROE
SlRy St. Louis Oct 1. 1811
I have the honor to enclose a report of the legislative
& Executive Proceedings of the territory of Louisiana from
1st day of October 1810 till 30th Sepr. 1811
The half yearly report was not made on the 1st of April
last, as the renewal of my Commission as Secy, of the ter-
ritory had not then reached me.
LIST OF THE CIVIL AND MILITIA APPOINTMENTS
IN THE TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA,
OCTOBER 1, 1810— SEPTEMBER 30, 181125
1810
Oct 5. Joseph Perkins 2d Lieut, of the St. Genevieve
Troop of Cavalry vice Robert Terry resigned. —
25 Original in Department of State, B. R. L., 3476.
190 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
14th Elijah Collard Captain — Compy. 1st Battn. 3d Reg-
iment
James Lewis Lieut. Compy. 1st Battn. 3d Regiment
Nov 5th Thomas T. Crittenden Attorney General of the
territory vice Edward Hempstead resigned
William Christy Register of Boatmen for the district
of St. Louis
9th Robert Simpson26 a Justice of the Peace for the
township of Upper Cuivre, district of St. Charles
11th David Wade,1'7 a Justice of the Peace for the town-
ship of Cape Girardeau, district of Cape Girardeau
John Scott and Sylvestre Labbadie Aids de camp to
the commander in chief, with the rank of Majors.
16 William Clark Inspector General of the Militia
Governor Howard left Louisiana.
Deer 29. M. A. Rocque resigns as Justice of the Peace for
the township of St. Chs., district of St. Chs. & apptd.
for township & district of St. Louis.
1811
Jany. 5. Silas Bent,28 Auditor of territorial accounts. —
24 Thomas Oliver, a Justice of the Peace for the town-
ship of St. Genevieve, district of St. Genevieve.
26 Robert Simpson was from Redbanks, Kentucky. In 1794 he settled
at Little Prairie.
27 Wade was a carpenter and dealer in lumber.
28 Silas Bent was born in Massachusetts in 1768. Twenty years later
he moved to Ohio, and in 1806 came to St. Louis, having been appointed
deputy-surveyor for the Territory of Louisiana. In 1807 he was appointed
judge of the St. Louis court of common pleas and quarter sessions.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 191
May 17 John W. Honey, Coroner of the district of St.
Louis. —
June 4. Benjamin Emmons,29 Justice of the Peace for the
township of lower Cuivre, district of St. Charles.
Abiel Farrensworth, Justice of the Peace for the
township of Dardenne, district of St. Charles. —
June 28. Samuel Hammond, a Judge of the Courts of
Common Pleas & Quarter Sessions for the District of
St. Louis. —
29 William 0. Allen Captain of 'The Infantry Blues' a
volunteer Company, attached to the 1st Regiment
Robert Wash 1st Lieut. Benja. Butterfield 2d Lieut.
Hubert Guion Ensign of the Infantry Blues.
Governor Howard returned 3d July. —
July 6th John Brownson a Justice of the Peace township
of Labbadie Dt. St. Louis.
11 Stephen Callaway Lieut. 2d Corny. 1st Battn. 3d Regt
Henry Steel Ensign do. do. do.
Wm. Cragg30 Capt 3 Compy. 1 Battn. 3 Regt.
Rich. Loo Ensign do. do. do.
Nathl. Simons31 Captain 4th Corny. 1 Battn. 3 Regt.
Roswell Dentry Lieut. & Jno. Ewing Ensign of Same
Joshua Fisher32 Ensign 2 Corny. 2d Battn. 3d Regt.
29 Benjamin Emmons was from New York. He settled on Dardenne
prairie, but subsequently moved to St. Charles where he ran a hotel. He
was a member of the constitutional convention of 1820 and afterward
served in both houses of the state legislature.
so Probably William Craig, a Revolutionary War veteran from Vir-
ginia.
si Probably Nathaniel Simonds, an early settler on Cuivre River.
32 Fisher settled on St. Cosme Creek in the Bois Brule bottom in 1799.
192 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Chs. Saucier Lieut. 3 Corny. 2 Battn. 3d Regt.
Francis Coursoll33 Ensign do. do. do.
23d. Henry Cassidy,34 James Scull, Samuel Moseley
Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas and Quarter
Sessions for Dt. of Arkensas.
Samuel Treat a Justice of the Jeace for townships
of the Arkensas
James Scull, Captain Corny, of the Arkensas-Bat-
talion
Curtis Willborn Coroner of the district of the
Arkensas
24 Hail Talbert a Justice of the Peace for township of
Femme Osage in the district of St. Charles
26 James Brady Major Battn. 4th Regiment
James Evans35 & Henry Widner Captains in Same.
Abraham Christ, Peter Statler, Edwd. Spear, Austin
Young36 Lieuts Same
Jas. Ravencraft,37 Wm. Duskins, Benja. Shell, and
Anthony Club Ensigns in the several Comys. of Battn.
4th Regt.
July 26. Danl. Duskin Adjutant of the 4th Regiment
33 Probably Francis Coursault who was killed in a fight with the
Indians near Roy's Fort in 1814.
34 In 1815 Cassidy represented Arkansas County in the territorial
legislature.
35 Evans represented Cape Girardeau in the constitutional conven-
tion of 1820.
36 Young settled on Byrd Creek in 1803.
37 Ravenscraft represented Cape Girardeau County in the assembly
in 1818.
The Administration of Governor Howard, 193
30th. Frederick Reineker,38 Justice of the Peace for the
township of New Madrid, in the district of New Mad-
rid. —
Eobert McCoy,39 a Justice of the Peace for Same
31 John Stanton a Justice of the Peace for the town-
ship of Breton, district of St. Genevieve
Walter Wilkinson a Justice for Same township
Elias Austin Elliott 2d Lieut, in St. Genevieve Troop
of Cavalry in the room of Joseph Perkins resigned
Aug 9 Thomas D. L. Weeks a Justice of the Peace for
the township of Cuivre, district of St. Charles.
22 Alexr. McNair Captain, Bernd. G. Farrar 1st Lieut.
James Baird 2d Lieut. Jos. McKnight Cornet, Francis
V. Bouis Purser of the St. Louis Independent Troop
of Cavalry.
31 Danl. Colgan Senr. Justice of the Peace for township
of St. Charles
Sepr 2d Silas Bent, Louis LeBeaume, Augte Chouteau,
Bernard Pratte Judges of the Courts of Com Pleas &
Quarter Sessions District of St. Louis.
4th Gabriel Long Ensign 3d Corny. 2d Battn. 1st Regt.
Hiacinthe Dehetre Capt 4th do. 2d do. 1st do.
J. M. Courtois Lieut 4 do. 2d do. 1st do.
Joseph Aubuchon Ensign 4th do. 2d do. 1st do.
38 Probably Frederick Reinecke, of the firm of Steinbeck and Reinecke,
German traders.
39 Captain Robert McCoy came from Vincennes to New Madrid in
1787. He engaged in Indian trade. He served as a militia officer and
commanded a Spanish galley on the Mississippi. In 1800 he was com-
mandant in the Tywappity Bottom.
194 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
9 Ebenezer R. Hawley a Justice of the Peace for the
township of St. Ferdinand, district of St. Louis.
11 Wm. Ewing Ensign 4th Corny. 1st Battn. 3d Regt.
Jno. McCormick a Justice of the Peace for the town-
ship of Belle Vue district of St. Genevieve.
David Curtis a Justice of the Peace for the township
of New Madrid in the district of New Madrid
Sepr 13 Wm. Neeley40 Pay Master to the 4th Regiment
Prospect K. Bobbins, a Justice of the Peace for the
township of Dardenne, district of St. Charles.
17 Timothy Kibby, a Judge of the Courts of Com Pleas
& Quarter Sessions, for the district of St. Charles.
David Delaunay, Inspector General of the Militia, in
the room of William Clark, resigned. —
James Beatty41 Adjutant of the 3d Regiment
19 Francis Saucier a Judge of the Courts of Com Pleas
and Quarter Sessions for the district of St. Charles
Samuel Griffith Captain 3d Corny. 2d Battn. 3d Regi-
ment
Governor Howard left Louisiana 19th Sepr. 1811. —
Secretary's Office
St. Louis Oct 1st 1811. —
Frederick Bates
40 Neeley represented Cape Girardeau in the territorial council in 1812.
4i James Beatty of Kentucky made a settlement near the headwaters
of the Femme Osage and Dardenne in 1800.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 195
A LIST OF CIVIL OFFICERS APPOINTED BY THE
GOVERNOR AND IN COMMISSION WITHIN
THE TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA ON
THE 1ST DAY OF OCTOBER, 181142
Territorial Officers
Office of Atty. Genl. vacant
Peter Didier,43 Treasurer
Silas Bent, Auditor
Joseph V. Gamier, Clerk of the General Court
District of St. Charles
Judges
Timothy Kibby, Frans. Soucier, Robert Spencer, Benj.
Smith
William Christy, Clerk of the Courts
Mackay Wherry, Shf .
Jas. Green, Coroner
Township Justices of the Peace
Portage des Sieux, Frs. Le Sieur, Eben. Ayres, Frs. Cour-
solle44
St. Charles, Jas Morrison, Elisha Goodrich, Wm. Christy,
Danl. Colgan, Sen.
Dardenne, Wm. McConnell, Abiel Farrensworth, Pros. K.
Robins
42 Original in the Department of State, B. R. L., 3476.
*3 Pierre Didier was the first state treasurer of Missouri.
44 Francois Coursault.
196 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Femme Osage, Danl. Boone, Jno. B. Callaway, Benj.
Cooper,45 Hail Talbert
Upper Cuivre, Jos. Little, Christ. Clerk,40 Robt. Simpson,
Tho. D. L. Weeks
Lower Cuivre, Benj. Allen, Saml. S. Kennedy, Benj. Em-
mons
Henry Hight, Recorder, Judge of Probate & Noty. Public
To Admr. Oaths of Office
M. P. LeDuc, Mackay Wherry
Timothy Kibby, Audr. P. Accts.
Disteict of St. Louis
Judges
Silas Bent, Augte. Chouteau, Bernd. Pratte, Louis Le
Beaume, Samuel Hammond
Thos. F. Riddick, Clerk of the Courts
Alexr. McNair, Shf.
Jno. W. Honey, Coroner
Township Justices of the Peace
St. Ferdinand, Jno. Allen, Geo. Fallis, Tho. Musick, Danl.
Bissell, Richd. Chitwood,47 Eben R. Hawley
45 Cooper was a Revolutionary War veteran who served in the Vir-
ginia-Illinois regiment. In 1808 he settled in the Boonslick Country but
was forced to leave the Indian lands. He moved to Loutre Island, but
eventually returned to the Boonslick Country, settling in Howard County.
He was prominent in frontier fighting during the War of 1812.
46 Christopher Clark.
47 Richard Chittwood in 1797 settled on Maline Creek in the District
of St. Louis.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 197
Bon Homme, Bichd. Caulk, Jas. McKay,48 Andw. Kinkead49
Labbadie, Kinkead Caldwell, Jas. Stephens, Jno. G. Heth,50
Geo. C. Sibley, Jas. H. Audrain,51 Jno. Brownson
Joachim, Benj. Johnston, Jeduthun Kendal, Jas. McCul-
lock, Phil. McGuire,52 Benj. Baker, Jas. Rankin
St. Louis, Tho. F. Riddick, Peter Chouteau, M. P. Le Due,
Jos. V. Gamier, Fergus Moorhead, M. A. Rocque
Mary P. LeDuc, Recorder, Judge of Probate & Noty Public
William Christy, Regr. of Boatmen
To Admr. Oaths of Office
Tho. F. Riddick, Richd. Caulk, Bernd. Pratte, K. Caldwell,
Samuel Hammond, M. P. Le Due
Silas Hunt, Audr. P. Accts
District of St. Genevieve
Judges
Nathl. Cook
Thos. Oliver, Clerk of the Courts
Henry Dodge, Shf.
, Coroner
48 James Mackay.
49 Andrew Kincaid in 1800 settled near Creve Coeur Lake,
so John G. Heath.
si Audrain was a Kentuckian who came to St. Louis in 1809 where
he opened a tavern. He became an extensive landowner in the neighbor-
hood of Fort Osage. He was a member of the family after whom Audrain
County is named.
52 McGuire was a member of the second territorial assembly.
198 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Township Justices of the Peace
St. Genevieve, Thos. Oliver
Cinq Honimes, Isidore Moore, Joseph Donnohue
Belle Vue, Elisha Baker, Robt. M. Stephenson, Jos. Mc
Cormeck
St. Michaels, John Callaway, William Dillon53
Big River, Jno. Andrews, Joseph Boring, John Baker
Breton, Jas. Austin, Michl. Hart, Darius Shaw, Robt. T.
Brown, Wm. Mathers, Jno. Stanton and Walter Wil-
kinson
Thos. Oliver, Recorder, Judge of Probate & Noty. Public
To Admr. Oaths of Office
Otho Shrader, Thos. Oliver
Joseph Pratte,54 Audr. P. Accts
District of Cape Girardeau
Judges
Stephen Byrd
Joseph McFerron, Clerk of the Courts
Jno. Hays, Shf.
Jas. Dougherty, Coroner
Township Justices of the Peace
Tywapity, Jno. Wellborn, Richard Mills, William Kelso
Cape Girardeau, Enoch Evans, John Abernathie, David
Wade
ss Dillon settled in the Murphy settlement on the St. Francis in 1799.
54 Pratte was a large landholder who resided at Ste. Genevieve. He
was interested in mining at Old Mine.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 199
Byrd's, Wm. Matthews, John Davis, George Henderson
German, Frederick Ballinger, Benj. Shell, Fred. Linsbaugh,
Sen.
St. Francis, Jacob Kelly
Geo. Henderson, Eecorder, Judge of Probate & Noty. Pub-
lic
To Admr. Oaths of Office
Joseph Mc Ferron
Geo Henderson, Audr. P. Accts
District of New Madrid
Judges
Peter A. La Forge
Joshua Humphreys, Clk. of the Courts
Jos. Lewis, Shf.
Robt. McKay, Coroner
Township Justices of the Peace
New Madrid, Tho. Evans, Jos. Lafernait, Fred Reineker,
Robert McCoy, David Curtis
Big Prairie, Stephen Ross
Little Prairie, Geo Reeddell, Fr. Trenchard,55 Will Con-
noway
Tywapity, Edwd. Matthews, Jr., Thos. Clarke
Michl. Amoureux, Recorder, Judge of Probate & Noty.
Public
55 Frangois Trenchard settled on Lake Gayoso in the New Madrid
District in 1802.
200 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
To Admr. Oaths of Office
Michl. Amoureux, Josa. Humphreys
Peter A. La Forge, Audr. P. Accts.
DISTRICT OF THE AltKENSAS
Judges
Henry Cassidy, James Scull, Saml. Moseley
Patrick Cassidy, Clerk of the Courts
Danl. Mooney, Shf.
Curtis Willborn, Coroner
This district not divided into Townships.
Justices of the Peace
Benjamin Fooy, Jno. McClain, Samuel Treat
Pat. Cassidy, Eecorder & Judge Probate
Andw. Fagot, Noty. Public
To Admr. Oaths of Office
John Burke Treat, Benjamin Fooy, Pat. Cassidy
Joseph Stillwell, Audr. P. Accts.
Note — tenure of office. District Judges, ' l during good be-
havior for four years"; Clerk of the General Court,
"During good behavior"; Notaries Public, "during
good behavior for five years ' ' ; others during the pleas-
ure of the Governor.
Secretary's Office
St. Louis Oct 1st 1811
Frederick Bates
The Administration of Governor Howard. 201
A LIST OF LICENSES ISSUED TO TRADE WITH
THE INDIANS WITHIN THE TERRITORY
OF LOUISIANA
OCTOBER 1, 1810 — SEPTEMBER 30, 18irG
1810
Oct 14 Denis Julien with the Ioways & Sieux, for one
year — Peter Chouteau Secy.
26 Elisha Lewis, on waters of Mississippi, for one
year — H. Austin Security
Antoine Ceran, on the St. Francis for one year.
Sam Solomon Security
1811
May 31 John Smith (T) & Co. on the Mississippi and
its waters above the mouth of the Missouri, for
one year, Wm. Christy, R. Easton Securities
24 James Aird, above the mouth of Missouri, for
one year
July 2d Henry Delaurier, on Missouri & its waters, one
year, P. Lee57 Security
15 Francis Deroin, on Missouri & its waters, one
year, Aug Chouteau, [Security!
Louis Boudoin, on Missouri & its waters, one
year, Aug Chouteau, [Security]
Brazeau & Buissonet, on Missouri & its waters,
one year, Aug. Chouteau, [Security]
Francis Deroin, on Missouri & its waters, one
year, Aug Chouteau, [Security]
se Original in the Department of State, B. R. L., 3474.
57 Patrick Lee.
202 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Joseph & Baptiste Lacroix, on Missouri & its
waters, one year, Aug Chouteau, [Security]
Polite Dejardin, on Missouri & its waters, one
year, Aug Chouteau, [Security]
Francis Rajotte & Co., on Missouri & its wa-
ters, one year, Aug Chouteau, [Security]
20th Charles Monburn, on Missouri & its waters,
one year, Aug. Chouteau, [Security]
23 Peter Godin on waters of White River
Sylvanus Philips on waters of St. Francis
Samuel Moseley on waters of Arkensas
Germain Charbonneau on waters of White
River
Aug 6 Alex. Papin, Frs. Robidoux & Jacques Le Jeu-
nesse, on the Missouri & its branches for one year
Aug. Chouteau Security
8th Primeau & L'Etourneau,58 on Missouri & wa-
ters — Same Security
13th William Rogers, on Missouri & waters — Same
Security
19 Nathl. Irish on St. Francis & its waters 2
years, Edwd. Hempstead Secy.
Sepr 4 George Hunt, at Lead Mines on the Missis-
sippi — Clement B. Penrose Security —
Sep 16 Jas. White & Wm. Preston trading under the
name and firm of Jas. White & Co. by Geo. Wil-
ss Probably Primo and Le Tourneau.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 203
son their acting Agent, on the Mississippi and
its waters, with the Sieux, Sacs & Foxes — for
one year.
17 Jno. B. Bouvet,59 on waters of the Missouri —
one year — Pat Lee Secy.
18 Jas. Mc Farlane, on waters of Mississippi
above the mouth of the river Missouri for one
year Sam Solomon Security
Secretary's Office
St. Louis Oct 1st 1811
Frederick Bates
Sib,
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
St. Louis Oct 17. 1811
On the 20th of June I had the honor to write you that
the Renaut- Agents had been making some attempts to stay
waste within their imagined limits. Judge Shrader to
whom the application for an Injunction was made, denied
it, principally, as I understand, on account of their inability
to shew boundaries. —
Having failed in these suits they have commenced ac-
tions of trespass for the recovery of damages against Wil-
kinson and others who had possession of the grounds be-
fore Henry Dodge the present tenant. These People have
pleaded ' Justification under lease from John Smith (T)'
and the court have ordered a survey (tho' the commis-
si Jean Baptiste Bouvet.
204 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
sioners had declined to do so) in order to ascertain the
lines of Renaut.
I question the regularity of these proceedings : or it may
perhaps be a matter of subsequent consideration for the
Judges, whether an individual claim yet unadjusted, and
without established limits, can, by any process of a terri-
torial court, be brought into conflict with claims thus prac-
tically asserted by the Government. It would strike me
that those who complain of trespass should come into court
prepared to shew that they have suffered it. The ordinary
course of justice, even in the present unsettled situation of
real property, guards the possession without reference to
the title, whereever that possession is warranted by the
Acts of Congress: But where the right exists merely in
the abstract, I cannot avoid viewing it as extraordinary,
that a court of territorial jurisdiction, merely, should
attempt the adjustment of what appears to be reserved
to another tribunal. —
The Rents due to Government amount already to a con-
siderable sum, probably six or eight thousand dollars, and
a strange contest appears to have arisen, whether the
Agents of Renaut, John Smith (T) or the Government
shall receive them!
I have given to the Atty. General Mr Wash, every infor-
mation on the subject, and desired his most diligent atten-
tion to it.
If Smith (T) in his haste to grasp these Eents should
disclose evidences of his intrusion on the lands in question,
or if these evidences should be obtained in any other man-
ner, I have instructed the Atty. Genl. to institute the proper
process against him without a moment's delay.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 205
A LEASE
The undersigned Frederick Bates Kecorder of Land
Titles for the territory of Louisiana, authorized to that
elfeet by the President of the United States does hereby
covenant with James Bryan™ & William Bates,01 that, from
and after the date hereof, for the term of twelve months,
they shall be at liberty to occupy and work as Lead-Mine-
Land, a tract, supposed property of the United States, to
contain two hundred acres, situated, adjoining the Mineral
Tract of Moses Austin at Mine A Breton in the district of
St. Genevieve — It being expressly understood that the said
tract shall be surveyed and marked as soon as possible,
and in such a manner as not to interfere with any private
claims depending before the board of Commissioners.
And the said James Bryan & William Bates do hereby
engage and promise that they will pay to the said Recorder
or to the person deputed by him for that object, for the
use of the United States one tenth part of all the Mineral
raised on the said tract or the amount thereof in Lead at
the option of the said Tenants
These Covenants to be mutually binding on the contract-
ing Parties, for the term of twelve months, as above men-
tioned unless the President to whom they are to be sub-
mitted shall disapprove of the same
Given under our hands at St. Louis the 26th day of
October, Eighteen hundred Eleven.
Frederick Bates Seal
James Bryan Seal
William Bates Seal
eo A son-in-law of Moses Austin.
6i William Bates, a follower of Austin, in 1803 was living in Bellevue
Valley.
206 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
AGREEMENT WITH PEYTON JOHNSON
Frederick Bates Recorder of Land Titles for the terri-
tory of Louisiana and empowered by the President of the
United States to make Leases of Lead Mines within the
said territory does hereby stipulate that Peyton Johnson
shall be permitted to survey and mark two hundred acres
of United States' Land situated on the East side of big
River, about % of a mile from said river; about four & a
half miles above or to the right hand of the road leading
from Mine A Breton to St. Genevieve and about one mile
north of said Peyton Johnson's plantation, and that, as
soon as he shall have executed a bond with good and suffi-
cient security for the monthly payments of the rents herein
after stipulated to be paid to the Government the said Pey-
ton Johnson shall be at liberty to work the same as mineral
Land, under the express Proviso that the lands so surveyed
and marked shall not interfere with any claim or claims,
depending before the board of Commissioners.
And the said Peyton Johnson does hereby engage and
promise that he will pay to the said Recorder or to the
person deputed by him for that object, for the use of the
United States, at the end of every month is required, one
tenth part of all the mineral raised on the said tract, or the
amount thereof in lead, at the option of the said Peyton
Johnson. —
These covenants to be mutually binding on the contract-
ing parties, for the term of twelve months, from the date
hereof, unless the President to whom they are to be sub-
mitted shall disapprove of the same
Given under our hands at St. Louis the 29th day of Oc-
tober, Eighteen hundred and Eleven. —
"Witness Frederick Bates Seal
James Givens Peyton Johnson Seal
The Administration of Governor Howard. 207
PERMIT TO EXPLORE MINERAL LANDS
Mr. Amable Partenay is hereby permitted to explore
the mineral Lands of the United States within the district
of St. Genevieve, and to make those diggings which may
be necessary to ascertain the extent and richness of his
discoveries.
It is understood, that if the undersigned retains the
Agency in these matters, that Mr. Partenay shall have the
first privilege of a Lease for the mines he may discover.
Given under my hand at St. Louis, the Sixth day of No-
vember, Eighteen hundred & Eleven
JOHN B. C. LUCAS TO JAMES MONROE62
gIR St. Louis December 15 1811
One of the offices of Judge of the Territory of Louisiana
having vacated in the course of last month, by the expira-
tion of the Commission of Judge Coburn, a sense of duty
as well as a regard to the particular circumstance which
I am in, — induces me to inform you, that since near five
years during which Mr Coburn has been one of the Judges
of this territory he has never ceased to reside with his
family in the state of Kintucky on the ohio above Lime-
stone Town, that he never came in the Territory but twice
a year to attend the two terms of the Superior Court, after
which he immediately left the Territory, som time went
away before the term was expired and if at any time he
detained to attend the Legislature, it was during so short
62 The original is in the Department of State, B. R. L., 3482.
208 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
a time, that he never did stay in the Territory longer than
one month at each term of the court, leaving at least ten
month of absence every year, I further state that this year
he has not even attended the court at may term — so that
he has been since the Latter end of October 1810 until the
commencement of October of this present year, without
ever appearing in this territory. — ten or twelve courts of
oyer and Terminer, for the trial of capital offenses have
been holden in this Territory, during the time Mr Coburn
was Judge, the Law requires that these Courts be presided
by one of the Judges of the Superior Court, owing to his
absence Mr Coburn never has attended any. — this has
thrown upon the other two Judges of which I am one a
greater proportion of Labour and responsibility than they
ought to have born, beside these a variety of Business are
to be done in vacation, of which Mr Coburn has likewise
kept clear
I never absented my self from the Territory these six
years past of purpose to take a journey to the states in
the course of a few months, Since the death of Judge Shra-
der I find my self to be the sole Judge present — the pro-
priety— that Judges and Legislators should be resident,
is apparent enough independent of all the circumstances
here related, a non resident Judge ressembles very much
a sine cure officer; to my certain knowledge many old in-
habitants of this territory have passed severe censures on
the conduct of Judge Coburn I mean relatively to his non
residence, they have exultingly remarked that republican
officers are as little scrupulous as those of the former
Spanish Government were, and that money is as eagerly
sought after by the former without being more scrupulous
than the Latter about the means of making it. —
The Administration of Governor Howard. 209
A LEASE
The undersigned Frederick Bates Recorder of Land
Titles for the territory of Louisiana, and Special Agent of
the President of the United States for the leasing of Lead
mines, does hereby covenant with James Bryan that from
the date hereof he, said Bryan shall be at liberty to occupy
and work as Lead Mine Land a tract supposed property
of the United States, to contain three hundred — acres,
situated on the S. E. fork of the Plattin, between the Set-
tlements of Plattin & Big River, six miles from the former
and four from the latter ; it being expressly understood that
the said tract shall be surveyed and marked as soon as cir-
cumstances will permit, and in such manner as not to inter-
fere with any private claims regularly entered with the
Recorder. And the said James Bryan does hereby engage
and promise that he will monthly if required pay to the
said Frederick Bates Special Agent as aforesaid or to the
person deputed by him for that object, for the use of the
United States, one tenth part of all the mineral raised on
the said tract, or the amount thereof in lead.
These covenants to be mutually binding on the contract-
ing parties for the term of twelve months — unless the
President of the United States to whom they are to be
submitted shall disapprove the same.
Given under our hands at St. Louis the 15th day of De-
cember, One thousand, eight hundred, eleven
Frederick Bates Seal
James Bryan Seal
210 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
JOHN SMITH T TO BATES
gm St. Louis 22nd Deem. 1811.
Wrong and injustice commenced on your part towards
me with our acquaintance and you have persevered and
still continue to persevere in you practices of oppression
and injustice — I now call on you Sir for the injurys done
me — from your standing I expect you will give me that
prompt satisfaction justly my due on equal and fair
terms — My friend the bearer will arrange on my part
what ever may be necessary and by him I expect your
answer.
TO JOHN SMITH T
gm St. Louis Deer. 22d. 1811
Your note of this morning, delivered me by Doer Farrar
has given me much surprize:
You charge me with wrong, injustice and oppression
from the commencement of our acquaintance. It is due to
truth and frankness to declare to you that I am totally
unconscious of these things. Perhaps, if your charges had
been special they might have been more susceptible of ex-
planation. As they at present stand I am at a loss to con-
jecture to what particularly they allude.
22d63
A fair copy of the foregoing was presented to Doctor F.
at my quarters at 2 oclock — He took an hour's time to
consider of it — returned & declined to receive it — It was
63 Bates attached this note to the copy of the above letter which he
kept in his files.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 211
then agreed that he would call again at 8 oclock — this
delay was not at my instance; but it was understood that
I would consult a friend or friends in the mean time with
respect to the regularity of the Doctor's farther expecta-
tions. — He called between 8 & 9 — The same answer was
presented to him — which he declined to receive — and
promised specification tomorrow morning at 8 or 9
oclock. —
JOHN SMITH T TO BATES
SlR 24th Deer. 1811.
In recurring to your conduct towards me I pass over
the manner in which you removed me from the offices of
judge of the Courts and that of Lt. Colo, of Militia in the
District of St. Genevieve without the priviledge of an en-
quiry into my conduct — The brief authority with which
you were at that time cloathed in the absence of a Governor
and the arbitrary manner in which you exercised it carried
conviction to every honest and independent mind that you
were actuated by principles & practices which you would
deem unjust and oppressive if practiced towards you —
Of course you did not do by others as you would others
should do by you —
That Monitor which the supreme being has placed in the
breast of every man warns you of these injurys — You
had the power tho not the right to exercise it in that man-
ner — It was an official exercise of power which did not
effect my property and in this respect I shall be satisfied
with the public investigation and opinion. —
But Sir When the public agent attempts to shield him-
self under the cloak of his official character to do an indi-
vidual personal wrong — to deprive him of his property —
212 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
such agent in his individual capacity ought & must be held
responsible for his acts and behaviour — This is a prin-
ciple maintained by the great Charter of our Natural
Eights — The right of personal protection of (reputation,
liberty) and property, is dictated by God to man even
should it be at the hazzard of life itself — I state that you
have wronged me in leasing my property at Mine Renault
to a Messers Hart & Mathers known bankrupts from whom
I can never recover a cent for the damages sustained there-
by altho you have since acknowledged my title to be good,
that the late Governor Lewis had intefered with your prov-
ince as agent and that you would never lease an other tract !
You have wronged me in leasing the mine Shipboleth
when from being recorder of land titles and exificior one
of the Land Commissioners you must have known (as you
did from personal information) that I claimed the tract
and that my title papers were of record in your office in due
time — It being provided by the 10th Section of the Act of
Congress passed the 3d March 1811 that till after the de-
cision of Congress thereon no tract shall be offered for sale
the claim to which has been in due time and according to
law presented to the recorder of land titles in the District
of Louisiana and filed in his office for the purpose of being
Investigated by the Commissioners, appointed for ascer-
taining the rights of persons claiming lands in the Terri-
tory of Louisiana — Can it be supposed that you have been
authorised to lease such lands? —
You have injured me by a wanton pretence of power you
never possessed by actually leasing my property to
Messers. Dodge64 Wilson and Craighead,65 tho to evade cen-
e* Henry Dodge.
es Alexander Craighead.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 213
sure you have artfully inserted this clause in the lease Pro-
vided the same does not interfere with any private claim
now depending before the board of Commissioners — You
have declared to one of them that in case I should persist
in maintaining my claim you would order out a sufficient
military force to drive me from my possession whereby
you have prevented my receipt of a bout ten thousand dol-
lars justly my due by contract from the lessees
If you dare to meet these accusations you dare to meet
me and extend to me that honourable satisfaction which
you might ask from another and which is due from one
gentleman to another.
My friend Doer. Farrar will arrange the manner time
and place If you shrink from this test your gilt is con-
fessed and you dare to commit acts of injustice and op-
pression which you have not the manhood to support and
maintain.
[Note by Bates] reed. Satury. eveng. after Sunset the
28th Inst. —
Sir,
BERNARD G. FARRAR TO BATES
St. Louis December 24th 1811.
I informed you last evening that I would call on you this
morning at 8 o'clock, but being called on to visit Hercu-
laneum renders it impossible Soon after my return I shall
present to you Colo. Smiths communication. Delay on my
part not intended.
214 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
TO JOHN SMITH T
gju St. Louis Deer. 30. 1811
The only reply which I permit myself to make to your
very extraordinary note of the 24th delivered by Doctor
Farrar on the evening of the 28th is, that I owe to gov-
ernment alone, an account of my official conduct. —
A CERTIFICATE
Commissioner's Room,
[St. Louis], January 20. 1812
I Thomas F. Riddick Clerk of the Board of Commis-
sions for ascertaining and adjusting the titles and claims
to land in the territory of Louisiana do certify that on
examination of the minutes of the board it appears that
Frederick Bates Commissioner was present at the deci-
sion of three thousand Claims subsequent to the 1st of
July 1809 and that all the claims have been disposed of
by the board, either granted, confirmed, ascertained or
reported.
JOHN COBURN TO JOHN GRAHAM, DEPARTMENT
OF STATE, WASHINGTON, D. C.66
Dear Sir ^y* Mason. January 23d 1812.
Some time past I received your favor informing me
of the friendly interest you took in the application I
made to the Genl. Government, for a renewal of my
Commission.
ee Original in Department of State, B. R. L., 3485.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 215
I shall always retain a grateful recollection, for this
evidence of your friendly regard, and shall never cease
to esteem, both the late and present Executive, not only
for their political virtues, but the marks of confidence
I have received from them — Devoted as I hope I am
to the principles by which they have been governed, in
the course of the administration of ten years past; my
devotion is certainly not admonished by the acts of kind-
ness which I have received.
I discover in your Letter, that you had supposed, I
wished some assurances of appointment, previous to the
express nomination by the President. Believe me; it
never was my intention to produce such an impression
on your mind, as such a wish on my part would have
been improper and indelicate; I make this apology to you,
in order, to satisfy you, that however desirous I might
be for an appointment I would never adopt any improper
means.
We are all anxiety to learn the result of the delibera-
tions of Congress. You know that Kentuckians cannot
remain lukewarm spectators of the interesting scenes now
before the American people. As far as I can judge of
the Western temper, it is for the most early and
decisive measures, against G. Britain especially. We are
inclined to think, that we shall never enjoy political hap-
iness, while the British retain either their possessions
in Canada or possess their present influence over our
commerce. Some struggle must ensue, when we attempt
to emancipate ourselves, from the shackle, under which
we have too long labored. Perhaps that struggle may
as well commence at this period as at any other; we
have just causes of resistance, we certainly have borne
216 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
the injuries we have received, with more than Christian
forbearance; altho we have been patient under aggres-
sions, we may cease to preserve the dignified character
which our Government has justly merited, by a submis-
sion too much protracted.
It is perhaps time, that we should again recur to the
principles of our revolution, that we should be brought
closer to our own Government, and that those of our
Citizens who may have wandered from the flock, should
be brought back to the fold, and that we should distinctly
separate wolves from the sheep.
We want a rallying period, a moment in which the true
American principles shall be again brought to the test.
The body politic is not unlike the body natural; it occa-
sionally requires some degree of depletion, to throw off
the humors accumulated either by intemperance, or any
temperament improperly acquired. Excuse my politic
lecture.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
gm St. Louis Jany. 27. 1812
I have the honor to inform that the Report is at length
completed and entrusted, for conveyance, to the care of
Mr Penrose. It will probably reach the City about the
1st of March next.67
Until the present month no Patent Certificates have
issued since the Return which I had the honor to make
to you on the 5th day of Dec. 1810: — Because, during
the investigation it was very inconvenient to proceed
67 The report of the commissioners is in American State Papers,
Public Lands, II, 388-603.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 217
regularly with that work. It will now be in my power
to take it up with a less divided attention.
With grateful recollections of the confidences hereto-
fore reposed, I make so free as to offer myself for the
Office of Register created during the last Session. I
have continued to hope for you favorable opinions and
in this affair have no other reliance.
Mr. Riddick will be very desirous of making his respects
to you personally. Should you wish farther informations
as to the business in which he was lately employed I am
persuaded that he may be relied upon.
TO GOVERNOR HOWARD, ST. LOUIS
SlR St. Louis Feby 23. 1812
The friendly dispositions wch. you have had the good-
ness on various occasions to express towards me will
perhaps justify the liberty wch. I am about to take. For
some years past I have holden the offices of Secy, of the
terry & Recorder of Land Titles always imagining that
when the Sales of Lands actually commenced the several
duties of these employments would be found incompat-
ible — A Law of the last Session provides for the
Appointment of a Register! and altho' it is not very
probable, owing to the circumstances of the country, that
this Officer will be very soon appointed, I have some time
since become an Applicant. In the event of the Presi-
dent's determination to disunite these Offices — and if I
should be indulged in a selection, I should prefer the
Office of Register. It is a subject however on which I
scarcely know how to address myself to the Administra-
218 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
tion, and should be greatly obliged by your making such
a communication as, in your opinion will best promote
these views.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
gm St. Louis Feby 27. 1812
I have this day taken the liberty to draw on you in
favor of my mother Caroline M. Bates for the sum of
five hundred dollars, being the ' further allowance' due
me as one of the commissioners for ascertaining & adjust-
ing the rights of persons claiming lands in the territory
of Louisiana as provided by an Act of Congress of 3d
March 1811.
The Report was confided, for conveyance, to Mr
Penrose early in the present month & has probably by
this time been presented to you. I enclose a certificate
that all the claims have been disposed of. I hope that this
Dft will be deemed regular as my mother is much in
want of money & could not very well, answer the conse-
quences of a Protest.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
Sm St. Louis Feby. 28. 1812
I have this day taken the liberty to draw on you in
favor of Mc Knight & Brady68 for the sum of Fifteen
hundred dollars for my services as a commissioner for
ascertaining and adjusting the Titles & Claims to lands
ss in 1809 John McKnight and Thomas Brady came from Pittsburgh
and opened a store in St. Louis.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 219
in the territory of Louisiana, in the decision of three
thousand Claims as expressed in the face of the draft
& vouched bv the enclosed Certificate.
TO JAMES PLEASANTS, JR., WASHINGTON, D. C.
glR St. Louis March 8. 1812
The very high respects which I entertain as well by
sentiment as habitually from my youth occasion me to
intrude perhaps too frequently. I now entreat only one
moment of your time. The friends of Alexander Mc Nair
will probably mention him for military advancement in
some of the new raised corps — a Regiment or a Bat-
talion at the least. Do not mistake me. I am not pre-
suming to recommend him either for the one or the other.
He relies on abler Advocates. All I wish to say is, that
I have known him for the last five years, and am not
acquainted with a man more truly respectable. He was
formerly in the regular army when very young and
resigned his commission for civil pursuits in which he
has acquired character as well as property. His military
propensities perhaps predominate tho' he is at the same
time conversant with civil business. This variety of fit-
ness designated him at once as a Judge of the district
court of St. Charles & Aid de camp to the Comr. in chief
of the territory. He is at this time Sheriff of the district
of St. Louis.
Major Mc Nair is a native of Pennsylvania, and sin-
cerely attached, I have every reason to believe, to the
republican institutions of our common country. He is
indeed my personal friend; but in a general estimation
220 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
of his character, I believe myself altogether free from
any irregular biass arising from individual preposession.
Hearing that his name would appear on the list of
candidates I could not forbear adventuring this testi-
mony of his merits.
Sir,
TO SPENCER MONTAGUE WHAETON,
NEW ORLEANS
St. Louis March 12th. 1812
I have perhaps heard from Canada since you did.
There is great preparation for war in that quarter, and
I have no doubt that our government will give them time
to complete their defences — for the stouter the resistance,
the greater the honor of the conquest. But I am not in
the secret & perhaps the great work is now going on, for
we have all heard that it was the deep laid scheme of
some of our wise men, that Canada should conquer itself
in our behalf. . . .
TO JAMES MONROE
gni St. Louis March 12. 1812
I had the honor to receive ten days ago your letter
of the 27th Deer, and by last week's mail the printed
Census of the Inhabitants of the United States and of
their territories.
It has been gratifying to review these papers in their
complete and final form, and I offer you my best thanks
for that courtesy which has given me the opportunity
The Administration of Governor Howard. 221
of doing so. They shall be preserved on the files of the
Office as you require.
The Laws of the United States with which I was for-
merly supplied, were delivered to Governor Howard, on
his arrival. In places less remote the want of these
volumes would be less sensibly felt. If convenient to you,
I should feel it as a singular favor, that you would order
a set to be sent to me.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
SIR, St. Louis March 30. 1812
I beg permission to say that on a review of the Patent
Certificates heretofore issued it occurred to me that I
might possibly have fallen into errors. To correct these
if they exist, the more easily, and to guard against their
future occurrance I have thought that some little delay
could operate no substantial injury to any person. In
the mean time, some of those already issued would be
presented to you. — From your silence I should gather
your approbation, and a direct communication would
probably convey to me your censures.
If the Board was mistaken in giving Certificates other
than under the 4th Sec of the act of 3d Mar 1807 I have
followed their footsteps into the same mistakes in five
instances only to wit in P. Certs. No. 11. 81. 90. 91. 92.
TO JAMES MONEOE
Sir, St. Louis Ap 1. 1812
In obedience to that provision of the organic law of
this territory which requires the Secretary to make half
222 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
yearly Reports, I have the honor to enclose a list of civil
Appointments, — a list of appointments in the militia, —
a list of licences granted for Indian Trade and a table of
the civil Officers in commission.69
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
gIR St. Louis April 25. 1812
It was not until the first of the present month that I
had the honor to receive your letter of 26th October last.
John Smith (T) still attempts to carry his bold and
extraordinary projects by menace and intimidation. He
has established himself by the side of H Dodge on the
Shibboleth-Mines70 and at this moment maintains a joint
possession with the tenants. It is not within my pro-
vince to account for his continuance there. A deposition
of the fact has been submitted to the Governor, a copy
of which I enclose.
During the last week I have had much conversation
with Messrs Dodge & Wilson71 (the latter of whom
together with Alexr. Craighead has joined in the cov-
enants) as to their maintenance in possession and as to
the payments of rents. On the latter subject there will
be neither unnecessary delay nor difficulty of any kind,
that I apprehend. But as I had not been honored with
your orders as to the disposal of the lead or money, and
69 The lists were not attached.
70 The Shibboleth Mine was on Mineral Fork of Grand River about
ten miles from Mine a, Burton. Schoolcraft, Scenes and Adventures in the
Semi-Alpine Region of the Ozark Mountains of Missouri and Arkansas,
168-175; American State Papers, Public Lands, III, 609-613.
7i Nicholas Wilson was one of the representatives from Washington
County in the second general assembly of Missouri Territory.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 223
as either the one or the other would be equally safe in
their hands as in mine, I have consented, at their instance
that the payments shall be made in June next.
In the mean time the suit which Smith (T) has insti-
tuted against them for trespass on the premises (Date [?]
100,000 dols) will probably have been decided. I am sum-
moned to attend the trial of this cause, at St. Genevieve,
next month, with the papers appertaining to the lease, as
well as with the records and papers in relation to the
St. Vrain Claim:
I do not think that he will be hardy enough to alledge
the want of power to make this lease (tho' Governor
Howard has entertained some doubts on the subject, aris-
ing from a vagueness of expression in the law) for, from
such a plea, tho' sustainable, he could derive no advan-
tage, as his recovery of damages must depend, not on
the irregular holding of the United States' tenants, but
on his own actual previous possession under the laws.
This cannot be shown. —
I have also had the honor to receive your letter of
the 25th of March, remarking the defectiveness of several
Patent Certificates. If this faultiness arise from any
negligence of mine, I regret it extremely. At any rate,
I shall, in future issue none except the Survey contain the
clearest designations. —
TO JAMES PLEASANTS, JR.
glR St. Louis April 25. 1812
David Massey of Goochland has been about 12 Mos. in
this country in search of business — for the last eight
months he has been employed in the Clerk's office of St.
224 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
Louis district, and under my very frequent observation.
It is impossible to conceive a young man more undeviat-
ingiy correct in his conduct or more irreproachable and
blameless in his manners & deportment.
He has been seized with a military mania and burns
to signalize himself in defence of his country. I make so
free as to enclose a letter with respect to him which I
lately received from Colo. Danl. Bissell.
If he is so fortunate as to obtain your patronage, I am
sure that a commission will be transmitted, & I know his
generous nature so well as to assure you, that your
friendly interposition would be held in the most grateful
remembrance.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
Sm St. Louis May 30. 1812
I have had the honor to receive your letter of the 18th
of last month, — and am much relieved by the detailed
manner in which you have had the goodness to communi-
cate your views as to the Land-Claims of this territory.
Every intimation which has reference to my Office shall
be most diligently attended to.
I have but lately returned from St Genevieve where I
was summoned as a witness duces tecum72 with the
Records etca. in the suit, Smith (T) vs Dodge & others.
The cause was not tried, owing to the Plaintiffs unreadi-
ness. Whenever it does come on, I have no fear as to the
result. Smith (T) has lately circulated Stories of my
having made compromises with the tenants, as to receipt
72 A writ commanding a person to appear in court bringing certain
designated documents or things.
The Administration of Governor Hoivard. 225
of Lead, prejudicial to the interests of the government.
I beg you Sir, to be assured that I have made no com-
promises and surely I had as little inclination as authority
to make any arrangements lessening rents already suf-
ficiently moderate.
CONFIRMATION OF SALE OF SLAVES
Whereas James F. Hull esquire, authorized to that effect
by me, did, On the seventh day of March last, for and
in consideration of the sum of Nine hundred dollars paid
to him for my use by Frederick Bates, sell and deliver
over to the said Bates three negro slaves to wit, Sam, a
fellow, Polly a wench and their infant child Juno — Now,
know all men by these presents that I do ratify and
confirm the said sale and delivery, binding myself, my
Heirs, Executors and administrators to warrant and
defend the title to the said slaves against all legal claims
whatsoever. —
Given under my hand and seal at the town of St. Louis
the Sixth day of June, one thousand, eight hundred and
twelve
~ !-,-,-, v -i S Hammond (Seal)
Sealed and delivered
in presence of
A Mc Nair Territory of Louisiana
District & Township of St. Louis
Before me the undersigned one of the Justices of the
peace in & for the Township of St. Louis aforesaid Per-
sonally came and appeared Alexander Mc Nair, Esqre.
who being duly sworn says that he was present when
Samuel Hammond signed & sealed the within Instrument
226 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
of Writing and that he the said deponent at the request of
said Samuel Hammond did subscribe his name as Witness
to the same. A ,T XT .
A Mc Nan-
Sworn to & Subscribed before me a
Justice of the peace in & for the
Township aforesaid. Given under
my hand this 26th day of June A. D.
151" M. P. Leduc J. P
Recorded this 26th day of June A D 1812, Book C.
Page 612.
M. P. Leduc (Seal)
an^ t 1Q10 Recorder
26th June 1812
S. Hammond to F. Bates — Deed $1-00
Paid $1.00 to the Recorder 4 Aug. '12.
TO ALBERT GALLATIN
SlR St. Louis June 20. 1812
I have the honor to enclose for the information of the
President a lease in renewal of that made last year to
Messrs. Henry Dodge, Alexr. Craighead & Nicholas
Wilson.
They now tell me that they expect to make the pay-
ments from the smeltings of their ashes which are esti-
mated to be amply sufficient for that object. They think
they have claims to indulgence and delay arising from
the vexations of law suits and the continued intrusions
to which they have been subject : But profess a readiness
whenever the demand be insisted on, to deliver the lead.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 227
WILLIAM C. CARE TO BATES
Travellers Rest, [Kentucky], 9th July 1812.
Dr Sir.
The last accounts that reached us of your situation as
related to our red brethren were by no means pleasing.
I hope however you are not all scalped yet. I should be
sorry to hear of your deaths —
Nothing is talked of here but John Pope73 He has
become a famous man in this land of political (in) toler-
ance. By the papers you will have learnt of his unfor-
tunate fate at almost every town in Kentucky, perhaps
before you get this — He was burnt in effigy at Limestone
Washington, Mountsterling, Paris, Winchester, Lexington,
Nicholasville74 &c &c throughout the state as far as I have
yet heard, as fast as the mail went, that brought the
news of War —
At Lexington they refined on their punishments. On
Saturday, being the Jubilee of our independence, He was
only hung & burnt. But some remarks having been made
as was understood, about its having been done in the
night, another effigy was made early on Monday morning
in a grave yard, which being suspended from a gallows,
with a purse grasped in his only hand, labelled in large
letters, British gold; he was on this situation marched
out of the burying ground & drum'd up and down town
to the air of the rogues March on muffled drums. Not
contented with this they then took him to the whipping
post, had him whiped by two men with waggon whips,
73 John Pope, United States senator from Kentucky, was violently-
opposed to the War of 1812. This caused his defeat when he stood for
reelection.
74 Towns in Kentucky.
228 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
shot him, and burnt him again. So that he was, at first
hung burnt & buried, then raised from the dead drumed
through town, whiped, shot hung, burnt & buried again —
This you will say is surely madness But sir such is
the unspeakable horror in which his memory is held here,
this proceedings was to be repeated next Monday, being
court day. His friends are forced to see & hear this
thing without a murmur: for believe me it is almost as
much as a mans life & property are worth to open his
mouth in opposition to their proceedings, — For only say-
ing it was ungenerous to treat a man so, the person was
instantly knocked down & forced to creep off —
I rejoiced to learn his sister Mrs. Trotter was then at
Louisville, — Such spectacles would surely have harrowed
up her very soul. She doats on her brother. . . .
TO MRS. CAROLINE M. BATES, GOOCHLAND,
VIRGINIA
My Mother, St- Louis Jm> 19* 1812
I recollect, when I was very young you advised your
children never to have a Slave, because, for the most part
nothing but discipline could make them profitable. I have
been induced to purchase — and have been so fortunate as
to get a family which will not I hope, ever require harsh
treatment. My lands are some miles from town & of
course very little under my own superintendance & yet
these blacks, without an overseer, are raising a most
promising crop. I do not believe that if I were to devote
myself to plantation business it would be more to my
The Administration of Governor Howard. 229
permanent advantage than any thing else I could pursue.
The grounds are unconceivably fertile, both hill & bot-
tom— the latter never overflows — And the Market is
high for every thing which can be cultivated.
The rumour of Indian mischief is much more terrible
abroad than at home. We have had a good deal of killing
on the frontier. But the country is not in general danger.
My employments confine me to the town & I shall gather
neither Scars nor Laurels. . . .
TO WILLIAM C. CARE, TRAVELLERS ' REST,
NEAR LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY
Dr Sir St. Louis July 31. 1812
Your letter on the 9th was received by last evening's
mail. No, thank God! we are not yet scalped, and indeed
it is only the extreme frontier which appears to be in
any danger. Our villages are as safe as Lexington. Our
'red Brethren' must nevertheless get some paternal
admonishings, before they learn to deport themselves like
members of a decent family. It does appear to me that
we carry this patriarchal notion rather too far. These
wretches with whom we so familiarly claim brotherhood
take no pride in the alliance. Divested of what few
virtues they might have possessed as Savages without
having acquired anything except the frauds and the
hypocrisy of civilization, it is very fond in us to imagine
that they will be governed restrained and impelled by
motives similar to those which influence ourselves.
Austere and haughty justice will alone answer. This
230 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
harsh discipline suits slaves — and it suits Indians. I
can fall down & worship the philanthropy of Mr Jeffer-
son— And I can read the Republic of Plato too with
very great delight; but I believe that the one as little as
the other will be found compatible with the maxims and
usages of the world at this day.
It must be, that you Kentuckians have been bitten by
the Mad Dogs of War. If the Devil himself had fallen
into your hands, you could not have devised for him
severer punishments. If the Effigy be treated with this
execration what, in Heaven's name will be your conduct
to the illustrious Senator himself when he returns among
you? But I suppose that this is all directed, in an
abstract way, against the political man, and that Mr P75
himself, after his resignation will be subject to no ill
usage. I will believe that the purse of gold was thrown
in, with his other punishments, gratuitously; for he can
scarcely, I should hope, be suspected of any thing worse
than a too obstinate adherence to his own opinions.
There is no calculating on the movements of the Mis-
souri Folks, when once they get into safe harbour at
Travellers' Rest'. There's yourself for one — and there's
our very good friend Mr Riddick for another. I don't
wonder at it at all — for I dream myself night & day
about Kentucky or any other place rather than this hope-
ful village of ours. The place to be sure is good enough
in itself but it wants peopling. —
McNair is on duty with the Cavalry on the frontiers,
near Fort Mason.76 I gave him your order expecting that
he would indorse the amount of my note on the execution
75 Senator John Pope.
76 port Mason was on the Mississippi River near modern Hannibal.
The Administration of Governor Howard. 231
agt. Ramsay.77 The whole affair is yet open. I do greatly
fear that the Major does not make close arrangements.
I was ready, as I told you I should be — and am.
The crops of your tenant near town are very good,
as indeed are the crops of the country generally. My
blacks at Bon Homme have done wonders. We shall have
a vast abundance for those new Settlers who will prob-
ably come among us in the fall.
The People are looking forward with eager expectation
to the time (I suppose you know that the 2d grade Act78
has passed) when the deep and spacious foundations of
Liberty and Law are to be laid by themselves. You will
come to the country to study the new code. You must
necessarily — for the machine will acquire such an in-
creased impetus from the mania of reform which possesses
the People that you will never comprehend its movements
unless on the spot. Who do you think are Candidates for
the delegation to Congress under the new Regime! Why,
I'll tell you. There's Hempstead79 the 'Heir presumptive'
Gratiot,80 the indefatigable — Easton81 the * * * (I
want epithets) and Provonchere82 the forlorn hope.
77 Thomas Ramsay was a 1st lieutenant in the regular army at the
outbreak of the War of 1812. He was raised to the rank of captain on
November 30, 1812. He was killed in a duel with Captain Wylie Martin
near St. Louis on August 6, 1818.
78 The Territory of Louisiana was changed to the Territory of Mis-
souri on June 4, 1812. By this act the legislative power was vested in a
bicameral "general assembly" composed of a legislative council of nine
appointed for five years by the President, and a house of representatives
elected for two years by the people of the territory. U. S., Statutes at
Large, II, 743-747.
79 Edward Hempstead.
so Charles Gratiot.
si Rufus Easton.
82 Pierre Provonchere.
232 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Mr Riddicks friends are speaking of him — and I enter-
tain a very great confidence, that if he were on the ground
& would take some trouble in the affair, he might be
elected.
I am happy to hear of the health of Mrs Carr & your
little son. Please make my respects to the Ladies. Miss
Eliza thinks nothing of breaking her word. I understood
that she intended to have visited this country long ago.
But I suppose she is frightened by Indians, Earthquakes
& Epidemics like all the rest of the world. I do mightily
fear that Missouri will be nothing but a place of exile for
Robbers & Outlaws in a few years.
CIRCULAR TO ASSISTANTS FOR RECEIVING
REPORTS OF BRITISH SUBJECTS
gIR St. Louis August 14. 1812
I enclose you a news Paper in which you will find a
notice to British Subjects, requiring them to report them-
selves, families, pursuits &c. &c. with two acts of Congress
respecting alien enemies, subjoined.
I have taken the liberty to name you to receive on my
behalf, the Reports of British Subjects, who may reside
within your district. —
If you should chance to have private information of
any who neglect to report themselves, I must request that
you will yourself report them to me, adding any facts
which may come to your knowledge as to their deportment
and conduct. You will please transmit the original
Reports weekly by mail, retaining exact copies thereof.
Should you decline the discharge of this trust, you will
The Administration of Governor Howard. 233
have the goodness to signify it by first conveyance that
another may be appointed.
LIST OF MILITIA APPOINTMENTS
Reorganization of the Militia, under an Act of the Con-
gress of the United States providing for the Government
of the Territory of Missouri approved June 4. 1812 —
1ST REGIMENT — COUNTY OF ST LOUIS
David Musick Lt colo. comdt. Tho F. Riddick Major of
1st Battalion Richard Chitwood Major of 2d Battn.
Jeduthun Kendal [1] Maj. 3d Bat Peter Chouteau Maj.
4 Bat
COMPANIES OF 1ST BATTN.
1st William Smith Capt 2d Gregoire Sarpy Capt
Hubert Guy on Lt Joseph Bouju Lt
Paul L Chouteau Ensign
Ensign
3d Louis Coutoix Capt 4th Zaphaniah Sappington
Louis Coutoix Lt Capt
Francis Roi Ensign Thomas Sappington Lt
William L. Long
Ensign
COMPANIES OF 2d BATTN.
1st James Musick Capt 2d Hyacinthe Dehetre
Levi Lanzey Lt Capt
John Mc Donald Ensign J. M. Courtoix Lt
Joseph Aubuchon
Ensign
234 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
3d Jonathan Wiseman 4th John E. Allen Capt
Capt Joseph Lard Lt
John Kinkead Lt William Mc Downs
Gabriel Long Ensign Ensign
COMPANIES OF 3d BATTN.
1st James McCullock Capt 2d Abner Vansant Capt
Jacob Collins Lt. David Briant Lt.
John Horigne Ensign Benja. Johnston Ensign
3d Thomas Williams Capt
William Ink Lt
Ensign
COMPANIES OF 4TH BATTN.
1st Benja. Hatherley 2d Stephen Lanham Capt
Capt. John S. Farrar Lt.
Samuel Cantley Lt. John Sappington
Lewis Hall Ensign Ensign
3d Auguste P. Chouteau
Capt
Lt
Ensign
2D REGIMENT — COUNTY OF ST GENEVIEVE
Nathl. Cook Lt. colo comdt — John Donohue Major of 1st
Martin Ruggles Maj 2d Battn.
COMPANIES OF 1ST BATTN.
1st Thomas Oliver Capt 2d John B. Bossieur Capt
John Mc Arthur Lt James Eigdon Lt
Joseph Hertick, Ensign Joseph Amoureux
Ensign
The Administration of Governor Howard. 235
3d Richd. Moore Capt 4th Francis R. Cissell Capt
Thomas Riney Lt Mark Brooks Lt
Thomas Patterson Samuel Me Call Ensign
Ensign
COMPANIES OF 2d BATTALION
1st Joseph Garrett Capt 2d Andrew Miller Capt
John Sinclair Lt Lt
Benja. La Chance Ensign
Ensign
3d Henry Poston Capt 4th Thomas Sloan Capt
Robert Andrews Lt Lt
Joseph Winds Ensign Ensign
5th William Holmes Capt
Laken Walker Lt
Isaac Murphy Ensign
STAFF OF 2d REGIMENT
Joseph Hertick Pay Master
3D REGIMENT — COUNTY OF ST. CHARLES
Danl. M. Boone Lt colo. comdt. Peter Journey Maj 1st
& Jas. Morrison Maj 2d Battn.
COMPANIES OF THE 1ST BATTN.
1st John Mc Connell Capt 2d Isaac Vanbibber Capt
Peter Teague Lt Anthony Head Lt
Ensign William Cassio Ensign
236 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
3d Samuel Gibson Capt 4th Nathl. Simonds Capt
Isaac Hostetter Lt Roswell Dusky Lt
Samuel Lewis Ensign Wm. Ewing Ensign
5th Elijah Collard Capt
James Lewis Lt
Jacob Groshong Ensign
COMPANIES OF 2d BATTN. 3d KEGIMENT
1st William Hart Capt 2d Robert Spencer Capt
Stephen Hempstead Lt John Fetteau Lt
Osborn Knott Ensign Joshua Fisher Ensign
3d Samuel Griffith Capt
Charles Soucier Lt
Ebenezer Ayres Ensign
STAFF OF THE 3d BEGT.
Henry Hight Judge Advocate
James Beatty Adjutant
Stephen Hempstead Quarter Master
4TH REGIMENT — COUNTY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU
Stephen Byrd Lt colo comdt — Geo F Bollinger Maj 1st
James Brady Major 2d Battalion
COMPANIES OF 1ST BATTALION
1st Joseph Young Capt 2d George C. Miller Capt
Austin Young Lt Henry Bollinger
Joseph Looney Ensign (Son Dan) Lt
Daniel Krytz Ensign
3d Henry Widner Capt 4th David Whetstone Capt
Abraham Krytz Lt John Bollinger Lt
Ensign Frederick Eeap Ensign
The Administration of Governor Howard. 237
COMPANIES OF 2d BATTALION
1st Abraham Krytz Capt 2d Jesse JefTry Capt
Jacob Shepherd Lt Jacob Friend Lt
Elijah Dougherty John Friend Ensign
Ensign
3d James Ravenscraft
Capt
Medad Randall Lt
Elijah Randall Ensign
5TH REGIMENT — COUNTY OF NEW MADRID
John E Hartt It colo comdt. Step. Ross Maj 1st Jos
Hunter Maj 2d Frs. Vaugine Maj 3d Battn.
COMPANIES OF THE TWO BATS. OF N. MADRID SETTLS.
1st Elisha Winsor Capt 2d Edwd. Matthews Capt
Thos. Winsor Lt Joseph Smith Lt
Joseph Shields Ensign James Lucas Ensign
3d Samuel Cooper Capt 4th Benja. Myers Capt
Robert Boyd Lt John Walker Lt
Alexr. La Forge Ensign Joseph Westbrook
Ensign
COMPANIES OF THE ARKANSAS BATTALION
1st Daniel Mooney Capt 2d James Scull Capt
Harrold Stillwell Lt Peter Lefevre Lt
Tenace Racine Ensign Charles Bougy Ensign
3d Blassingham H McFarlane Capt
John Lemmon Lt
William Doyle Ensign
238 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
STAFF OF THE 5TH REGIMENT
Eichd. H. Waters Judge Advocate John Walker Adju-
tant
VOLUNTEER COMPANIES
CAVALRY
1st Hendy Dodge Capt Jno Scott 1st Lt E A Elliott
2d Lt Jas C Young Cornet Wm James Purser
2d Alexr Mc Nair Capt Josha. H. Buckhart 1st Lt.
Hiram Cordell 2d Lt Alexr Lucas Cornet A. E.
Rheill Purser
3d Jas Callaway Capt P. K. Bobbins 1st Lt Josha
Dodson 2d Lt Jno. B. Stone Cornet Jona. Riggs
Purser
MOUNTED RIFLEMEN
1st Jas. Rankin Capt John Geiger Lt Joseph Andrews
Ensign Joseph Hanks, Purser
2d Wm .H. Ashley Capt Strother Covington Lt William
Harrison Ensign
3d Morris Young Capt Thomas Wyley Lt James
Patterson Ensign Robt Mc Williams Purser
4th Jno Hughes Capt William Strother Lt Thos Reid
Ensign Timothy Phelps Purser
5th Andrew Ramsey jr Capt Jas Morrison Lt William
Ramsey Ensign Peter Craig Purser
6th Samuel Phillips Capt Philip Ross Lt Robert Trotter
Ensign
The Administration of Governor Howard. 239
7th Joseph Conway Capt Richard Caulk Lt Thomas
Caulk Ensign
INFANTRY
1st Joseph Millard Capt Stephen Martin Lt Anthony
Bridger Ensign
ARTILLERY
Robert Lucas Capt John Mc Knight 1st Lt Joseph
Henderson 2d Lt
Secretary's Office St Louis April 1st 1813
Frederick Bates Secy
of Missouri tery
Note — Alex. Mc Nair has been appointed Adj. Genl. &
Inspector Genl. of the Militia — with the rank of colonel.
F. Bates Secy
ADDRESS OF CHEROKEES
To his Excellency Benjamin Howard Governor in & over
the Territory of Missouri; Father we a part of the
Cherekees tribe of Indians; have settled on the White
River a water of the Mississippi by we presume, the
consent of the Government of the United States, where
we are indeavouring to cultivate the soil for our support
& wish to live unintirrupted by the malicious white
people; but the revurse; there are a few bad men com-
bined together for the purpose of stealing our horses; &
do steal them; to wit; Nicholas Trammel83 Mote Askins
83 This may have been Colonel Trammel who later had a farm on
the Chariton road six miles from Franklin.
240 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
John Wells Joseph Carnes Robert Armstrong. Barnet
Peter Tileo Thorns James John D. Chisholm Demis
Chisholm Ignatious Chisholm Jessey Isaacks; John
Williams Robert Trimble William Trimble; William
Smith John Lafferty Senr. & Ace Musick,84 [blank]
Pain & Joseph Pain ; all of which are on publick lands ; we
pray that they may be removed from amongst ns; if it
be consistent with Government; some of which characters
have solicited ns to join them in killing robing & burning
the Houses of the honest & industrious part of the white
inhabitance neare to us; which we wish to live peaceable
with; to wit, Nicholas Trammel & Mote Askins; we have
lost b}^ those characters Twenty Horses in course of
Twelve months & if some measures are not taken we shall
in a short time be left destitut of property; & thereby
prevented from persueing our Farms; & we no no way
whereby we are to be redressed unless by; or through
our father the governor of the white people; wherefore
we pray your excellency may take such measures to
remedy; & redress those evils as in your wisdom may
seem meet to you ; & as in duty bound will ever pray, &c
Soanetar X Zoateltar X
Ayaokisby X Clutakenner X
Quaoloqui X Hanelar X
Bare foott X Kewarsulusky X
Oakshellaner X Aremokelar X
s* Asa Musick was living in the Bon Homme settlement in 1797.
The Administration of Governor Hoivard. 241
James Kolson X
his
Chikilly X Chief
mark
his
Thomas X Graves
mark
his
Wolollenny X Doublehead
mark
his
Warhails X
mark
his
James X Duvall
mark
his
John X Campbell
mark
his
John X Hill
mark
his
Zoalakqua X
mark
Aarchy X his mark
Thomas his mark X
his
Corn Tassel X
mark
Teleskeske X
Toallemar X
Bare Skin X
Difan
George Duvall X
Aitennoly X
Gitup X
Samuel X
Cotten X
Cokokattsky X
Choahar X
April 27th 1813
PART VI
Bates' Last Acting-Governorship
BATES' LAST ACTING-GOVERNORSHIP
ABSTRACT OF PROVISIONS
Issued to a Detachment of Militia Called into Service
by the Executive of the Missouri Territory, Stationed
at Portage des Sioux in the District of St. Charles
from the 6th to 30th of april, 1813, under the command
of Major James Morrison, under the Contract of
William Morrison.1
DatCS 8 1% 8 11 IS Remarks
Z Z Z Z tf
6 to 28 1 154 Issued to Captain Con-
way2 and his Subal-
tern officers
" " " 2 22 45 990 Issued to Capt. Con-
way's Company
11 "29 3 18 32 586 Issued to Capt. David
Musicks3 Company
i William Morrison, the Kaskaskia merchant, land speculator, and
fur trader. Before Pike's journey into the Southwest Morrison made an
unsuccessful effort to open trade with Santa Fe. See Gregg, Commerce
of the Prairies, in Early Western Travels, XIX, 174.
2 Joseph Conway served in the Indian wars during the American
Revolution.
3 David Musick participated in the Sink Hole fight on March 24,
1815. He commanded at Fort Cap au Gris on the Mississippi River a
little below Fort Mason early in 1815.
(245)
246 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
" " " 4 133 Issued to Capt Musick
and his Subaltern of-
ficers
13 "16 5 20 lSSUed to Capt. Ran-
kin4 & his Subaltern
officers
" " " 6 4 20 80 Issued to Capt. Ran-
kins Compy
14 "28 7 81 Issued to Capt Spen-
ser5 and his Subal-
tern officers
Issued to Capt Spen-
sers Compy
Issued to Capt James
Musicks6 Compy
Issued to Capt J Mu-
sick & his Subalterns
15 "30 11 186 Issued to Major
Dodge7 and Capt
Scott8 & their Subal-
tern officers
" " " 12 16 38 608 Issued to Capt. Scotts
Compy
* James Rankin was appointed captain of the mounted riflemen in
1814.
5 Robert Spencer was appointed captain in the St. Charles County
regiment in 1812.
« James Musick was a captain in the St. Louis County regiment.
f In 1814 Henry Dodge was appointed brigadier-general of militia.
s John Scott was a lieutenant in Dodge's company in 1812.
it a a
8 15
52 780
14" 28
9 15
24 360
28
10
105
Bates' Last Acting-Governorship. 247
20 13 — — — 599 Issued to Capt Spen-
sers Company
Working at the Bat-
tery in April
17" 28
14
12
6
72
Issued to Capt. Vanbib-
ers9 Compy
20" 29
15
10
1
10
Issued to one man of
Capt D M u s i c k s
Compy
20" 30
16
11
36
396
Issued to Capt. Ash-
leys10 Compy
tt << n
17
77
Issued to Capt Ashley
& his Subaltern offi-
cers
21 "30 18 10 1 10 Issued to one man of
Capt Scotts Compy
" " " 19 10 1 10 " Issued to one man of
Capt Ashleys Compy
22" 30 20 8 39 312 Issued to Capt Lucas11
Compy
" " " 21 93 Issued to Capt Lucas &
his Subaltern officers
19" 29 22 10 1 10 Issued to one of Capt
Conways Compy
9 Isaac Van Bibber was a captain in the St. Charles regiment.
io William H. Ashley, afterward famous in the fur trade,
ii Charles Lucas was appointed a captain of artillery in 1814.
248 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
7" 29 23 22 34 748 Issued to the St. Louis
Troop of Cavalry
28 "29 24 2 9 18 Issued to two men of
the St. Louis Troop
of Cavly
15 " 29 25 120 Issued to the officers of
the St. Louis Troop
of Cavly
a a a
26 469 Issued to men of Capt
J Musicks C o m p y
working at the Bat-
tery for April
5959 1068
I do Certify I have carefully examined the above Abstract
with the original returns now in my possession and find
it to be a true and correct Statement of Issues made to
the Troops Stationed at Portage Des Sioux from the
6th to the 30 of April 1813 amounting to five thousand
nine hundred and fifty nine Complete rations and ten
hundred and sixty eight Gills of extra Whiskey
Signed Triplicates
5959 five thousand nine hundred & fifty nine
Frederick Bates Secy, of Missouri
territory
Actg as Governor
Bates7 Last Acting-Governor ship. 249
TO CAPTAIN CHARLES LUCAS12
SlR St. Louis May 4th 1813
In order that we may have it in our power to repair
the boat as expeditiously as possible, you are desired to
continue those exertions, so promptly commenced, for the
preservation of whatever may belong to her. — Colo.
McNair will be at the Portage in a few days, when arrange-
ments to meet the new aspect of things will be made. —
In the mean time should your old encampment become un-
tenable, you will assume a position on the main land, in the
neighbourhood of the village.
LEASE OF A SALTPETRE CAVE
Williams Williams13 having made a discovery of a Salt
Petre Cave on the land of the U. States on the head waters
of Saline Creek in the County of St. Genevieve — He is
hereby permitted to work the same for the term of twelve
months from this date — Provided the same be not claimed
by any private person or persons — in which case this Per-
mission to be null & void - —
And the said William Williams does hereby engage to
pay to the Recorder of Land Titles, quarterly, for the use
of the Government, one tenth part of the Salte Petre which
12 Lucas was then in command of the St. Louis volunteer artillery
company stationed on an island near Portage des Sioux.
is William Williams was one of the first members of the Methodist
Church at McKendree, Cape Girardeau County.
250 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
he shall make or cause to be made at the said cave. — Wit-
ness our hands at St Louis 12 May 1913
William Williams Frederick Bates
Recorder of Titles
ABSTRACT OF PROVISIONS
ISSUED TO A DETACHMENT OF MILITIA CALLED INTO SERVICE BY
THE EXECUTIVE OF THE MISSOURI TERRITORY, STATIONED AT
PORTAGE DES SIOUX UNDER THE COMMAND OF COLONEL
ALEXANDER McNAIR, FROM THE 1ST TO THE 21ST OF MAY, 1813,
AND UNDER THE CONTRACT OF WILLIAM MORRISON.
« 25 £
H!*fc fc Sec OH
1813 *<=>£ 3 ^o ^2
^fe5 fa fen oC
Dates °. °. | © °. « S E Remarks
ltol8 1 18 22 396 Issued to Capt Calla-
way s14 Company
" " " 2 170 iSSUed to Capt Calla-
way and his Subal-
tern officers
2 " 21 3 19 59 1128 Issued to Capt Smiths15
Company
1* James Callaway, a grandson of Daniel Boone, was killed in a
skirmish with the Indians in 1814.
15 William Smith was a captain in the St. Louis regiment in 1812.
Robert A. Smith held a similar place in 1814.
an a
Bates' Last Acting-Governorship. 251
4 98 Issued to Capt Smith
and his Subaltern of-
cers
21 5 21 40 840 Issued to Capt Lucas
Compy
" 6 125 Issued to Capt Lucas &
his Subaltern officers
" 7 66 Issued to men of Capt
Lucas Compy work-
ing at the Battery
2757 66
I do Certify that I have carefully examined the above
Abstract with the original returns now in my possession
and find it to be a true and correct Statement of Issues
made to the Troops Stationed at Camp Cuivre from the 1st
to the 21st of May 1813 amounting to two thousand seven
hundred and fifty seven Complete rations and Sixty Six
rations of Extra Whiskey
Signed Triplicates
Frederick Bates, Secy, of Missouri Tery,
Actg. as Governor
252 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
ABSTRACT OF PROVISIONS
issued to a detachment of militia called into service by
the executive of the missouri territory, stationed at
camp near cuivre16 in the district of st. charles under the
command of major henry dodge, from the 1st to the
[22nd] of may, 1813, and under the contract of william
morrison.
1813
02
I
gq
>*
<
8
Ph
S GO
81
o w
£ 2
Remarks
Dates
©
d
6
Q 6
§5
6 «
23
fc
z
z
fc
«
1st to 22
1
22
42
924
Issued to Capt Scotts
Company of mounted
rifle men
" " " 2 328
18 3 18 36 648
Issued to Major Dodge
Capt. Scott and their
Subaltern officers
Issued to Capt Ashleys
Company
1 15 15 Issued to men of Capt
Ashleys Company
22 5 409
a q 1 20 20 Issued to men of Capt
Scotts Company
1935
is The Cuivre River empties into the Mississippi about thirty miles
north of the mouth of the Missouri.
Bates' Last Acting-Governorship.
253
I do Certify that I have carefully examined the above
Abstract with the original returns now in my possession
and find it to be a true and correct Statement of Issues
made to the Troops Stationed at Camp Cuivre from the
1st to the 22nd of May 1813 amounting to one thousand
nine hundred and thirty five Complete rations & four
hundred & nine gills of Whiskey
Signed triplicates
Frederick Bates Secy, of Missouri
tery.
Actg. as Governor
ABSTEACT OF PROVISIONS
ISSUED TO THE INDIAN DEPARTMENT AT PORTAGE DES SIOUX,
FROM THE 4TH TO THE 31ST OF MAY, 1813, UNDER THE CON-
TRACT OF WILLI A.M MORRISON.
lbs
lbs
lbs
lbs
Gal-
of
of
of
of
lons
Pork
Flour
Beef
Salt
of
Whis-
key
200
296
1121
270
3
Two hundred lb Pork —
two hundred ninety
six lb flour — Eleven
hundred twenty one
lb. Beef — two hun-
dred seventy lb salt —
three Gals, whiskey
I certify that I have examined the above abstract with
the original returns now in my possession and find it to be
a Correct Statement of Issues made to the Indian Depart-
ment Signed Triplicates
Frederick Bates, Secy of
Missouri Tery., exercg. the
Govt.
254 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
A PROCLAMATION
By Frederick Bates, Secretary of the Territory of
Missouri, and Exercising the Government.
Whereas the President of the United States has been
pleased to commission James Flaugherty, Benjamin
Emmons, Augustus Chouteau sen, Samuel Hammond, John
Scott (of St Genevieve) James Maxwell, William Neely,
George Cavener and Joseph Hunter, Members of the Leg-
islative council of this territory: I do therefore, as
enjoined by the 8th Sec of the Act providing for the gov-
ernment of the territory of Missouri, appoint the first
Monday in July next for the meeting of the General
Assembly, and require that the several branches of that
Assembly, convene at the town of St. Louis, on that day. —
In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed the terri-
torial Seal
Given under my hand at St. Louis the third day
of June in the year of our Lord one thousand,
— Seal — eight hundred and thirteen, and of the Inde-
pendence of the United States the thirty sev-
enth
Frederick Bates
A PROCLAMATION
By Frederick Bates, Secretary of the Territory of
Missouri, and Exercising the Government.
Whereas, since the election of David Musick as a mem-
ber of the House of Representatives for the county of St
Louis, in the General Assembly of this territory the said
Bates' Last Acting-Gore Dior ship. 255
David Musick has entered the military service of the
United States, thereby, in the opinion of the Executive,
vacating his seat in the House of Representatives: I do
therefore require the Sheriff of the county of St Louis to
cause an election to be holden at the Court House on the
first day of July next, at which time and place there will
be chosen by the People one Representative to supply the
vacancy aforesaid: One of the Judges of the Court of
Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions for the county will
sit as Judge of the qualification of voters — and the elec-
tion will continue open from nine O'clock in the morning
till sunset. —
In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed the terri-
torial Seal
Given under my hand at St Louis, the eleventh
day of June, in the year of our Lord, one thou-
— Seal — sand eight hundred and thirteen, and of the
Independence of the United States the thirty
seventh
Frederick Bates
PART VII
The Bates Papers
JULY, 1813— DECEMBER, 1820
THE BATES PAPERS
July, 1813— December, 1820
A PROCLAMATION
By William Clark, Governor of the Territory of Missouri,
and Commander-in-Chief of the Militia thereof.
Whereas I have been informed by the House of Repre-
sentatives that the seat of David Musick late a member of
that House from the county of St Louis, has become vacant,
by resignation: I do therefore require the Sheriff of the
county of St Louis to cause an election to be holden at the
Court House, on thursday next the twenty second instant,
at which time and place there will be chosen by the People,
one Representative to supply the vacancy aforesaid. One
of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas and Quarter
Sessions for the county will sit as Judge of the qualifica-
tions of voters — and the election will continue open from
nine o'clock in the morning till sunset. The Sheriff will
make to me, Returns of the election, in the manner and
form heretofore established — In testimony whereof I
have caused the seal of the territory to be hereunto
affixed. —
Given under my hand at St Louis, the sixteenth
day of July, in the year of our Lord one thou-
— Seal — sand eight hundred and thirteen, and of the
Independence of the United States the thirty
eighth. —
« , „ William Clark
By the Governor
Frederick Bates
Secy, of the Terry.
(259)
260 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
AN ALLEGORY
TO MY COUNTRY NEIGHBORS1
Banks of the Missouri
My very good friends, Vancluse August 4th 1813
After every diligence which a man can bestow on his
own affairs, ten to one but some little matters will at last
slip through his fingers. Every day's experience teaches
us this — Yet is the world full of generous hearted crea-
tures, who are ever ready to trample down half your wheat
fields in search of a cockle, while their own, good souls, are
overrun by cuckold-Burrs. — Such is the charitable dis-
interestedness of mankind. It has seldom therefore, been
my practice to ask your attention to any concerns of mine —
Not but that on many occasions, I should have been very
glad of your help ; but I was never so unconscionable as to
expect you to pull my oars, when your own boats were
drifting down the current. — However, I have now an affair
in hand, in which we are all equally interested, — for which
reason I ask your attention to it with the greater bold-
ness. — And because I love brevity, and that I need not
keep you one unnecessary moment in suspence, I will tell
you all at once that it is neither more nor less than certain
complaints which I have to exhibit against a servant of
yours. —
Every body knows what prejudices are so justly enter-
tained against tale bearers, — and I certainly should not
attempt to make mischief between Master and Man, except
for good and sufficient cause : But the saucy impertinence
i This allegory was directed against Edward Hempstead who was try-
ing to bring about the removal of Bates from the office of recorder.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 261
of that Youngster who does your city-business, obliges me
to tell you, after years of forbearance, that he is a lying
varlet and a sneaking Rascal. — I grant you, that he has
a good deal of pettyf ogging instrumentality about him, and
might have done very well, if you had confined him to
those subordinate drudgeries in which he was once so
profitably employed: But you must needs send him to
toivn — and entrust him with messages to decent People,
before he had learned to ape with any tolerable success the
exterior deportment of a creditable breeding. You will
perhaps be astonished to hear that those little comical parts
of his character which recommend him so forcibly to your
esteem, will stand a fair chance of being considered in
town as blemishes. Virgil has a line on this subject — but
as you don't read Virgil I'll not, just now, trouble you
with it. Yet this I will say, that I have known a man clapt
and applauded in one company, who has afterwards been
hissed and kicked out of another, which happened to judge
of merit by a different standard.
It may occur to you, on a first view, that it is your affair
and not mine — and that I am endeavouring to come in
for a share of those praises which I bestow so abundantly
on those noble minded People who busy themselves in the
affairs of others to the neglect and ruin of their own —
Bear with me for a moment and I will convince you that
I too have a Stake in the Hedge. You know that I am or
rather that I formerly was, Steward, for a wealthy old
Gentleman who leads for the most part a town life, and
with whom your understrapper was sent to negociate about
country matters. His flocks and herds graze the same pas-
tures with yours, and for aught I can see to the contrary
there is a perfect identity- of interest between yon. It
262 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
would seem that his worship sees the thing in the same
light for he has often told me, that if, at any time, I should
discover Wolf-Trails in the neighbourhood I must immedi-
ately leave my own work, tho' it should be in harvest-time
or hay making, to raise the Hue & Cry and put the settle-
ment on its guard. Last winter, you all very well recollect,
we discovered a great many of these Trails. — They came,
for the most part from the north, and in that direction
there was a brushy wood extending to your very pastures
which facilitated their entrance and escape. — Now, my
good friends you perfectly well know what a humane, phil-
anthropical old Gentleman his worship is — and you may
have heard that for some years past he has taken an abun-
dance of pains to domesticate those wild animals which he
found in the neighbourhood of his Estates — and that he
had actually succeeded so far as to put Bells on two gangs
of them whose Eanges were to the westward of his fields
and yours — Now, when these gaunt, howling Devils came
from the north, I thought I could not do better, tho' I had
not instructions from his worship as to the business; but
seeing that ' All our Dogs had clapt their tails between their
legs and cryed', for in fact a Dog is not equal to a Wolf,
I thought, I say that it might be a good arrangement to
assign to these Wolves with Bells of domestication about
their necks 'A position on our northern borders', quite in
advance of his worship's Estate and yours, by which an
impenetrable Rampart would have been established against
the irruptions of the famished hordes of the north. —
I had thought at first of employing the obvious means of
Pit-Falls and Steel-Traps, but on reflection I foresaw very
clearly that our own dogs would be the principal victims. —
Your metaphysical People may talk what they please
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 2' 3
about their committees of vigilance, their military cordons,
their walls of Antoninus or even of the famous Chinese
Wall, the two latter of which were specially provided in
former times to keep out the wild animals — I say that
foolish People may prate of these things for passtime, but
that my notion of vigilance is to set a Wolf to watch a
Wolf & that no barrier will ever give such perfect and abso-
lute security as a Cordon of Pet Wolves.
It is pleasant to hear Brutus lamenting that he can
devise no means to exorcise that mischievous Spirit of
Ambition which haunts night and day, the bosom of Caesar,
short of the spilling of Caesar's blood — and so it is with
all kinds of Beasts of prey — If indeed we could, by a set
Speech, and a little cajolery, possess ourselves, in a tran-
quil way, of those lacerating implements with which they
tear the fleeces, and sometimes the throats of our flocks,
it might be very well, we might turn them to grass — it
would only be a change of diet — and all difficulties would
be accomplished, or as the Lawyers say, Surcease, between
us. — 'But alas ! they must bleed for it.' —
But before this hopeful project of mine had been actually
put into execution, the Head Steward of his worship came
upon the ground and accomplished the object which I had
so much at heart, by Other Means less offensive to those
benevolent dispositions which have been so strikingly man-
ifested in every act of his Worship's life. Or rather he
did not accomplish it; but as he sent back the Pet Wolves
bustled about, considerably, and talked of accomplishing it,
every liberal minded man was as grateful to him, you know,
as if he had done the whole business. — And having per-
formed this notable piece of service, the Head Steward left
me again in the management of the Estate.
264 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Now, my good friends, your understrapper ignorant and
awkward as he may be, did perfectly well know of these
acts and doings of the Head Steward. — And some time
thereafter, when I was again in the transaction of his wor-
ships business in these parts, the aforesaid understrapper
addressed to me a letter (for he knows that I dislike the
company and conversation of Pettyfoggers) he did address
to me a letter in which he gives me pretty fairly to under-
stand that he had taken that position near his Worship,
which the Devil, in the shape of a toad assumed some years
ago, at the ear of a celebrated personage, who shall now be
nameless, as I do not wish to revive old Scandals : — That
in a tete a tete with his worship he had learned what were
his future plans for clearing the woods of those beasts of
prey by which they were infested — for, his worship, it
seems, had at length become sensible that all further
attempts to evangelize them must be a hopeless business.
I was not indeed, very well satisfied with the dirty channel
through which this information had been derived; but as
I should lose half a day at least, by waiting on his worship
in town — and as his worship has always been to me an
open, generous and confiding patron, whose work I have
done as much thro' love as duty, I lost not a moment in
obeying the orders thus circuitously communicated.
Very Well ! — And now for your understrapper. — He
goes again to town on your business, handsomely compen-
sated therefor, but generously determined to do mine for
nothing at all, except for the pleasure of doing it. He tells
his worship that I had not only changed the Ranges of the
Pet Wolves but that I had also introduced them into the
settlements, — formed an alliance offensive and defensive
with them, and pretty broadly insinuates that I had become
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 265
absolutely and in fact a Wolf myself with nothing of the
Sheep remaining but the fleece of a Bell-Wether (which I
had killed at the head of one of the marauding parties),
thrown loosely over my shoulders. — What a lying stupid
booby it is. He represents to his worship besides that the
entire settlement is in a dreadful state of alarm on account
of this unnatural transformation and alliance and wishes
mightily to be informed whether his worship has sanctioned
a procedure so fraught with mischief and brutality — Well
knowing as I said before that the Eanges of the Pet Wolves
had not been changed, and that nothing like an alliance was
ever contemplated with them.
This my good friends is all that I had to say to you at
present. Truth has obliged me to speak some harsh things
of your understrappers. Justice and candour equally com-
pel me to disclose to you whatever I may know to his
advantage. There is one incident of that kind, which as it
stands very prominently, I will content myself with relat-
ing it as a Representative for the whole. Some years ago
he had grievously, and somewhat treacherously too, in-
jured a person with whom he was then (but never since)
on terms somewhat intimate, he challenged that person to
the great trial, by Battle because he had the imprudence
to tell him in the presence of a few friends that he was a
Sneaking Rascal. Which was indeed the fact But now
comes that magnanimity which must crown him with unfad-
ing Laurels. Having thrown the gauntlet he began to re-
flect what might be the inconvenient, not to say dangerous
consequences of such a procedure — And recollecting too
that all the modern wrongs had modern remedies provided
for them & that this old mode of decision was exploded
from the Statute book, he heroically determined, humbly
266 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
to ask leave to enter a non prosequi — And indeed the re-
quest was made with so much tearful entreaty, that it could
not, with humanity, be denied him. And this I am always
ready to acknowledge in his praise, that few men, 'in the
torrent, tempest and as I may say whirlwind of their pas-
sions ' can in a moment like your understrapper, on the
first suggestion of his prudence or his fears "acquire and
beget a temperance which may give them smoothness." —
But altho ' this incident redounds to his credit, as a private,
unknown and indeed insignificant individual, yet I must
think that it ought to be set down among his disqualifica-
tions as a public man. And I leave it to your consciences
or rather to your prudence as honest, thrifty and pains-
taking People whether a fellow so often degraded and dis-
graced by slaps in the face and other humiliations has not
become unworthy of your protection and countenance. —
ALEXANDER CRAIGHEAD TO BATES
Deae Sie MmES 27th Au^ust 1813
A mulatto man who calls himself Tom Waters formerly
of Detroit says you were acquainted with him there and
know he was free — He has been sold by Doctr. Wilkinson2
in this country and is now held as a slave — from what
information I have gotten on the subject I have very little
doubt of his fredom — If you know any thing about him
will you be so good as to inform me by the return of the
boy by whom this note will be handed.
Accept dear Sir the assurances of my high respect &
Esteem.
2 Probably W. N. Wilkinson.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 267
TO JAMES MONROE
o St Louis October 1st 1813
Sir,
I have the honor to transmit a packet containing the
Legislative and Executive proceedings of the government
of this territory, during the last six months — to wit —
Copies of the Acts of the General Assembly,
Copies of the Governor's Proclamations,3
Minutes of the Governor's appointments to office,
Minutes of Licences to trade with Indians.4
Also, a Table of the civil officers in commission on 30th
Septr.
MILITIA APPOINTMENTS
By the Governor op the Territory of Missouri
April 1 — September 30, 1813.
Ap 3d Joshua Burckhartt 1st Lt. of a company
Hiram Cordell 2d Lt [ of cavalry in
Alexr. Lucas Cornet f the county of
A. E. Rheile Purser St Louis
William Christy Quarter Master of 1st Regiment
Joseph Conway Capt
Richard Caulk Lt
Thomas Caulk Ensign
of a compy. of
mounted Rifle-
men — cty St
Louis
s For the proclamations, see Bates' proclamation of June 3, and that
of July 16, 1813.
4 The list of licenses is missing.
268
The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
9th. Martin Buggies Major of 2d Battn. of 2d Regt
Joseph Hertick Pay Master of 2d Regiment
John Mc Arthur Lt
Joseph Hertick Ensign
John Bossieur Capt
James Rigdon Lt.
.Joseph Amoureux Ensign
1st corny. 1st
Bat. 2d Regt.
2d corny. 1st
Bat 2d Regt.
13 Joseph Yardley Ensign 1st corny. 1st Bat 3d Regt
Robert Gray Ensign 3d corny. 1st Bat 3d Regt.
24 Jacob Pettit
Jesse Blackwell
Lt.
Ensign
of a corny, of
mounted Rifle-
men cty of St
Genevieve
April 29 Charles Lucas Capt of the St Louis corny, of Voir.
Artillerists
30 Paul L. Chouteau Lt 2d corny. 1st Bat 1st Regt.
Frederick Geizer Ensign 2d corny. 1st Bat 1st
Regt.
May 14 Joshua H. Burckhartt
Hiram Cordell
Absalom Link
24 Burwell J. Thompsom
James F. Mutry
E. D. Devillemont
Thomas McLaughlin
Zachary Goforth
William Harrison
Stephen Austin
Capt
Lt
Ensign
Capt
Lt
Ensign
Lt
Ensign
Lt
Ensign
| of the St
Louis corny of
cavalrv
6th corny. 2d
Bat 2d Regt
4th corny. 2d
J Bat 2d Regt.
] 2d corny. 2d
Bat 2d Regt,
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820.
269
30 Paul L. Chouteau Captain 2d corny. 1st Bat 1st
Rest.
June 19 Henry Battu Ensign 2d corny. 1st Bat 1st Regt.
of a corny, in
the settlement
> of Sans Des-
Ensign
sem
Francis Coursolle
Joseph Bivarq
Louis Dehetre
Capt
Lt
of a corny, in
1. 2d Battn 4th
Regt.
July 22 George Jameson Capt
Charles Logan Lt
William Ingram Ensign
Aug. 21 Henry Battu 3d Lt of 2d corny. 1st Battn of 1st
Regt.
of a corny, of
Capt mounted In-
Lt L fan try on a
Ensign service of 60
days
of a corny, of
1st Lt mounted In-
2d Lt V f antry on a
Ensign service of 60
j days
13 Hardy Ware Ensign of 3d corny. 3d Battn 1st
Regt.
Sept 2d Martin Ruggles
Phil Mc Guire
James Mc Cullock
3 Thomas Williams
Robert Wash
George Henderson
Manuel Lisa
Barw. Berthold
Francis Guyol
of a voir.
corny Infantry
1st Battn of
1 st Regt —
Secretary's Office Oct 1. 1813
Frederick Bates
Capt
Lt
Ensign
270 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
A MEMORANDUM
Mr. Partenay has this day reported to me [Bates] a
discovery between Mine A Breton & the Old Mines — and
is considered as having the first right to the lease, when
I am empowered to support the covenants which I might
make with him — St Louis Oct 1st 1813
TO EZEKIEL ABLE5
Commissioner's Office
giR St Louis Nov 9. 1813
On the application of Charles Payton & Henry Burning
I have appointed the 15th day of December next, to receive
farther testimony in the claim of the Legal Representatives
of Joseph Doublewye6 for 800 Arpens of Land, on the wa-
ters of the St Francis, in the county of Cape Girardeau at
which time you can attend, if you think proper.
TO JAMES PLEASANTS
gm St Louis Nov 12th 1813
I have no sort of right to trouble you so frequently as I
have lately done. I feel the indecorum and yet have not
been able to resist the impulse. I entreat your liberal con-
structions of these liberties, and ask your attention for a
few moments to a subject which occasions me much anx-
iety. — Since my coming to this country in the year 1807
s The father-in-law of William H. Ashley.
« Joseph Doublewye dit Deblois, an Indian trader. The name was
also spelled De Blois. He was an early resident of Ste. Genevieve.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 271
as a Commissioner of Land Claims, I have suffered all
those attacks, open and concealed which might be counted
on among a set of fraudulent and rapacious speculators. —
These I have for the most part disregarded, — not deeming
it proper to descend to low minded altercation. — Every
species of machination has been attempted. If a man of
more than ordinary consequence presented himself I have
been obliged to treat him in another manner. When a
challenge has been offered (by Colo. Jno Smith) I have
applied for advice to an officer of rank, in the line of the
army, with whose concurrence, I have informed my antag-
onist, that I was accountable only to the government for
a discharge of my public duties.
Despairing after a long course of abortive experiment
of accomplishing their purposes by private slanders, or
open intimidations, they have at last adopted that which
(if there be any cause of complaint) I conceive to be the
correct course, an application to Mr Tiffin,7 or perhaps to
the President himself — But they do not intend that I shall
know the grounds of the accusation nor the names of the
witnesses brought forward to support it. They will pre-
sent to Mr Tiffin some monstrous exaggeration & probably
expect that the Delegates assurances will be deemed suffi-
cient evidence of its truth. I gather however from the
anticipated triumph of the Party and the vindictive gar-
rulity of Judge Bent8 in particular that the charges have
been sworn to and transmitted by Mr Hempstead, of whom
I gave you some account, in an allegorical way, in August
last, — Mr B is himself no speculator — but he is the crea-
7 Edward Tiffin was the first governor of Ohio. In 1812 President
Madison appointed him commissioner of the general land office,
s Silas Bent.
272 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
ture of Hempstead — & affects to have reed injuries from
me in order to mask the under part which he is acting with
the appearance of independence. But I am speaking of
others when I should be def endg myself — As I said before
I am unacquainted with the accusation.
I know of but one charge that can be brought against
me with any colour of truth. — It is this — That the Papers
of the Eecorders Office have not always dur[in]g a press
of business been kept in that exact order which ought cer-
tainly to be preserved in the files of a public office — But
there are reasons for this — the necessity of frequent ref-
erence to originals, in the investigation of titles — the in-
cessant application of claimants themselves — And above
all the tiresome & impudent enquiries of one class of spec-
ulators who have no regular concern with the business. It
has been very falsely said, but whether or not it makes a
part of the accusation, I am altogether ignorant, that I
threatened a Land Claimant, — telling him 'I will remem-
ber you Sir, for this' These Pismires will sting you to
death. Mr Pleasant, I am incapable of such conduct — If
I had descended so low, I should never have the confidence
to meet the eye of a man of honour or to address myself
to you I have no recollection of the circumstance to which
it can possibly allude Errors I may have committed, but
deliberate injustice never. I do not ask you however to
vouch for me but I do entreat, that you will procure me a
hearing — some little investigation, before I suffer the
final censures of the Government. Mr. Tiffin is a just man
& I ask nothing but justice. . . .
[P. S.] I have lived long enough to be but little surprized
at whatever may happen but The conduct of this man is
unaccountable — I have known him in this country for the
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 273
last six years — He appeared correct & prudent — He was
poor & I thought him honest Being in the exercise of the
govt. I bestowed on him several offices of honor & of
profit — I never injured him and yet all on a sudden he
bursts forth my inveterate enemy
Sometimes too, merely for the purpose of creating
anxiety & trouble a Cl[aiman]t will demand a Paper which
he well knows is not in the office but in his own possession.
It was the very frequent practice of my Predecessor to
redeliver Papers after having recorded them. — I have
also done it, but the parties are informed that if they are
not forth coming at the time of the decision the claim may
be declared abandoned. Originals are sometimes necessary
for the detection of frauds.
TO AMABLE PARTENAY
Sir St. Louis Feby 26. 1814
Mr Scott has delivered me your letter of the 24th with its
accompaniments. As I am not invested with the powers
necessary for your maintenance in possession it has been
impossible for me to make the lease which you ask. —
Together with Mr Scott, I waited on Governor Clark for
the purpose of being informed of the cooperations which
I might count on from the Executive Department, when
we were told by the Governor that he should not, under
present arrangements, interfere in the affair. I certainly
consider you as having the first privilege; but unless the
President give power to his Agents to perform their cove-
nants, I shall be careful of bringing upon myself those
humiliations which I formerlv suffered.
274 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
WILLIAM STEVENSON9 TO BATES
Belle Vue March 5th 1814
Sir, The scarcity of Salt, together with the difficulty of
obtaining it, in this part of the community has induced a
Number of the Inhabitants of Belle Vue, to make a trial
for Salt water in this Township, there being several exten-
sive licks, which furnish ground to think there may be a
body of Salt water in the Earth, Wherefore a number
of Shares has been subscribed, A committee appointed to
make choice of a place or places to dig at An agent to
superintend the digging A well, or wells, who commenced
some time past, at two different places and there is a prob-
ability of geting Salt water at one of the places, which is
thought to be on public land, and Whereas I have been
informed that there are some designing men who are only
waiting for the discovery to be made — when they intend
to obtain a lease and drive off the Company who have been
at the trouble and expence to make the discovery if we
should be so fortunate as to obtain Salt water, It is the
desire and expectation of the share holders to have the
priviledge of renting from the United States, and carrying
on the business themselves I have therefore troubled you
with the above Sketch and trust and hope you will not
grant any lease to any one, should there be application
made but to the Company or their Agent, — ...
P. S. The Name of the lick where there is the greatest
probability for Salt Water is Chicago —
9 Probably William O. Stevenson of Bellevue Valley near Potosi. He
acted as agent for the company.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec., 1820. 275
TO THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY!.?]
~ St. Louis June 12th 1814. —
Sir,
Soon after the receipt of your letter of 5th April, 1 went
to Ste. Genevieve and submitted, personally to the exam-
ination of Mr Scott10 all the Papers which have relation to
the leases of Dodge,11 Wilson12 & Craighead.1" — As the
superior court was then m session, Mr Scott had not leisure
to consider the case. I left in his hands whatever might
be necessary for the forming of an opinion, which he has
this morning sent me in writing — a copy of which I have
the honor to enclose. — I beg leave to remark that I sub-
mitted no such points [as] the District Atty has quoted in
his opinion — I wrote nothing & spoke sparingly & in gen-
eral terms, folding down & shewing him that part of your
letter which immediately concerned the business — The
question of the Presidents right had slept since the silence
of the Govt, on suggestions of that sort made some years
ago by the late Gov Howard. The Dist. Atty. has copied
fr[om] the books principles of Genl Law, — These I sup-
pose are indisputable — but whether or not they apply to
the case in hand might perhaps make another question. —
I have conversed with Genl. Dodge, one of the Partners
as to an amicable adjustment — Nothing is yet conclusively
done — he wishes first to see Mr Wilson, who has just
arrived from Tennessee.
I advertised the Shibboleth Mines as you directed. —
A Partenay alone gave in proposals, a copy of which I
io John Scott.
ii Henry Dodge.
12 Probably Nicholas Wilson.
13 Alexander Craighead.
276 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
enclose. Notwithstanding the liberality of his offer, I could
not make the contract as Jno. Smith (T) is in possession
and determined I understand to retain it until Govt, adopt
more compulsory process than has yet been employed —
In Nov 1812 under alleged right derived from the act of
13 June preceding he made an Entry of 1000 arps. (under
the St Vrain concession) to include the lands then actually
in possession of the U States tenants Indeed the most of
the U. S. mines in the late county of Ste. Genevieve are in
the same situation. Colo. Smith availing himself of the
lenity and forbearance of the President has seldom failed,
on the discovery of Lead, to make an immediate location,
and to assume the rights of a legitimate proprietor. This
has been long known to the Govt. I enclose a Schedule of
his claims of this description of which he has been acquir-
ing the possn. fr time to time since the year 1807.
Mc Kee's Branch 250
New Diggings 1000
Mine A Robina 300
On the Branch above Renaut Mine 300
Doggett's Mines 300
On Branch of Mine Fork 200
Mc Kee's Discovery 200
Mill Seat on branch of Big River 50
Mine A Liberty 359 52/100
Mine Shibboleth 1300
Belle Fontaine 1200
Bon Femme Salt Spring (St. Charles).... 64 St Chs.
A Salt Spring between Bon Femme &
Salt Cr 64 St Chs.
Grand Monitur Salt Spring. 64 St Chs.
Le Moine Salt Springs 70 St Chs.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 277
A Salt Spring above Sugar Loaf 25 New
Madrid
1st Lead Mine on the waters of White
Eiver 36 New
Madrid
2d Lead Mine on waters of White River.... 64 New
Madrid
Grand Lead Mines of White River 54 New
Madrid
Mines, supposed of the precious metals.— 13%
Arkensas
Entered 30 Nov 1812 under Act of 13 June precedg.
Whatever may be the abstract validity of the St Vrain
concession it seems strange to me that Colo Smith should
have right to locate before its allowance by the Govt. The
District Atty. seems to be of the opinion, however, that a
possession & entry of claim however tortuous and penal
secures him from molestation until the final decision. This
reasoning if admitted to be correct would overthrow every
idea wch. I had before entertained on the subject. — The
Law does not presume that any entries will be made of
claims which do not fall within the general scope of con-
firmation or of Grant. — Besides by the act of 3d March
1807 the abstract ' right, title, or claim' to Lands in Orleans
or Louisiana is not to be affected by those summary &
efficient means which the President is empowered to make
use of, for the removal & punishment of Intruders. From
which I clearly infer that he may incur the penalties, pecu-
niary & corporeal provided by act of 26 Mar 1804 for the
punishmt. for his illegal & forcible intrusion even during
the [duration] of his abstract pretentions. . . . 14
i* Three lines of the manuscript are illegible.
278 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
In fact I imagined that such directed and recorded
acknowledgments on the part of the Intruder was the best
evidence for his conviction, if you should think proper to
order a prosecution under the act of the 3d March 1807. —
JOHN H. WEBER FOR AMABLE PARTENAY
TO BATES
j. o Mine a Burton Septb 28th 1814
I hasten to inform you of a most wanton and cruel out-
rage committed on my person yesterday while at Silvers 's
Mine. — Conformable to the Lease obtained from Govern-
ment I went on, the 21st Inst, to take possession in the
name of the U. S. of Silvers 's Mines, as one of the Mines
included in said Lease. I put up a Notice of which the
enclosed is a copy which as soon as put up, was tore down
by Jno. Scott, who insisted that I should shew my authority,
before he would allow that I should put up any Notices
there ; — he made use of the most abusive Language at the
same time, as well to Government as myself, but offered
no violence, owing no doubt to the precaution I had taken
of having two persons with me. —
Yesterday however, while I was by myself, peaceably
riding through said Mines, in quest of a chain-carrier as
I had began surveying, I was surrounded by Jno Scott
and others, forcibly dragged off my horse, knocked down
with a stick or club, and beat in a most shocking manner
with clubs & sticks — John Scott who was the ringleader
observing "that was the way he would give possession."
I sincerely hope Government will show some energy on
this occasion and make an example of all those that were
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 279
engaged in the wanton abuse, while I was acting under the
orders of Government. — Now is the Time or never, if
Government will not act with rigour now, they may as well
abandon the idea of laying claim to any Lead Mines in this
country, when the first ruffian can dispute the same with
them with impunity, and would maltreat their officers, if
they were sent against him. —
They continue (Scott & Swon)15 to receive all the Min-
eral that is raised at Silvers 's Mines and always will, un-
less forcibly put out of possession. —
I should have commenced a suit for assault & battery
against Scott &c. but find that it is useless, there being no
Jail in this county, consequently they would refuse giving
Bail. —
I have taken possession of all the other Mines. — Colo.
Jno. Perry pretends to claim Shous's Mines by virtue of a
concession tho' he has not shewn me his concession
Will you please inform me, whether you have stipulated
any Time with Mr. Perry, in which he was to finish smelt-
ing what he has on hand at Shous's Mine! Also with
Messrs. Brown & Henry, and what length of Time you have
accorded them? I wish to know, that I may regulate myself
accordingly.
COPY OF THE EXECUTIVE JOURNAL FROM
APRIL 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1814
Missouri Territory
Ap. 5 Louis Lebeaume, a Judge of the Court of Com
Pleas for Washington Cty
Robert A. Smith Capt of 1st Corny, of 1st Battn of
1st Regiment
i6 Probably William Swan who in 1804 was a settler at New Madrid.
280
The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
15 George Wilson Surveyor for the County of St
Louis
Joseph Story Surveyor for the County of New
Madrid
22d. Robert Spencer Major of 2d Battn. of 3d Regi-
ment
Wright Daniel a Judge of the Court of Com
Pleas for Arkensas
Henry Battu Lieutenant 2d Corny. 1st Battn of
1st Regt.
27. Jacob Pettitt Capt
Jno. Perry Lieut.
Stephen F. Austin Ensign
Jesse Blackwell Capt
Anthy Wilkinson Lt
Benja. Horine Ensign
Robert T. Brown Capt
James H. Moutry Lt
Drury Gooche Ensign
Joshua Morrison Capt
Zachariah Goforth Lt
Thomas McLaughlin Ensign
Timothy Phelps Capt
Wm. Read Lt
James Gray Ensign
Job Westover Capt
John Baker Lt
Joseph Wood Ensign
1st Corny. 1st
Bat 6th Regt.
2d Corny. 1st
Bat 6th Regt.
3d Corny. 1st
Bat 6 Regt.
1st Corny 2d
Bat 6th Regt.
2d Corny. 2d
^Bat 6th Regt.
Id Corny. 2d
> Battn. 6th
Regt.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 281
Ap. 29. Archd. Huddleston Lt 3d Corny. 2d Bat 2d Regt.
William Mc Farland Adjutant of 2d Regiment
Same a Justice of the Peace for township of St
Michael in the county of Ste Genevieve
June 1st Wm. Stevenson a Judge of the Court of Com
Pleas for Washington Cty
Bartholomew Cousin Surveyor of the county of
Cape Girardeau
23d Joseph Brazeau a Licence to trade with the Teton
& Yankton Sieux at Cedar Island on the Mis-
souri for one year
Patrick Cassidy Clerk of the Court of Com Pleas
of Arkensas county
Lemuel Currin Coroner for the county of
Arkensas
Saml. Miller, Zach Philips Andw. Fagot, James
Currin Fred Notrebee Jno. Carnehan, Jno.
Billingsley Jno Mc Illmurray Isaac Cates,
Saml. Cates Justices of the Peace within
Arkensas county
Wm. Russell a Justice of the Peace for
sett[lemen]t. on Current River New Madrid
Jno Maupin Capt — Joshua Brock Lt 2 Co. 4th
Bat 1st Regt.
Daniel Mooney Major 1st Battn. of 7th Regt.
Alexr. Kendrick
Capt
1st Corny. 1st
Wm. Glass Sen
Lt
► Battn. 7th
Wm. Dunn
Ensign
Regt.
June 23 James Scull
Capt
2d Corny. 1st
Peter Lef evre
Lt
.Battn. of 7th
Charles Bougy
Ensign
Regt.
282 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Saml. Moseley Capt, Lemuel Currin Lt 3d Corny.
1st Bat 7th Eegt.
Blassingham H. Mc Farland Major 2d Battn. of
7th Eegt.
Edwd. Hogan Capt "i 1st Corny. 2d
Jno Payatte Lt LB a tt. 7 th
Joseph Duchassin Ensign Regt.
James C. Newell Capt "]
Benja. Murphy Lieut. L ' _
fBatt 7th Regt.
George Rankin Ensign
Wm. Berney Capt
Isaac Cates Lieut.
Saml. Gates Ensign
3d Corny. 2d
Batt 7th Regt.
27 Prospect R. Robbins Surveyor for County of St
Charles
30 Peter Mc Comack a Justice of the Peace for the
township of Platen in County of Ste. Genevieve
July 7. Louis Bijou & Chs. Sanguenette jr a License to
trade with the Aricaras & Sieux Indians, on the
Missouri for one year.
Louis Letourneau a Licence to trade with the
Poncas Indians on the Missouri, for one Year.
July 20. Charles Gratiot a Justice of the Peace for town-
ship of St. Louis Cty of St Louis
23d Daniel M. Boone Lt Colo. Comdt. of the 3d Regi-
ment
26 George Tompkins Ensign 2d Corny. 1st Bat 1st
Regt.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820.
283
28 Jno. W. Thompson Adjutant of the 1st Regiment
Aug. 3. Jno. W. Thompson Capt "] of St Louis
Alexr. Lucas 1st Lieut LTroop of
Absalom Link 2d Lieut Cavalry
>
Jno Miller Capt of 3d Corny. 2d Bat 1st Regt.
Alexr Papin & Co. Licence to trade S. W. of the
Missouri & on Platte for one year
5 Jno Hawkins Surveyor for the County of Wash-
ington
13. Benja. Cooper Major 3d Batt of 3d Regt.
1st Corny. 3d
Batt 3d Regt.
2d Corny. 3d
Bat, 3d Regt.
3d Corny. 3d
Batt 3d Regt.
15 Wm. C. Carr 3d Lt of 4th Corny, of 2d Bat of
1st Regt.
Edw. Hempstead Capt of a Corny, of Militia. —
Wm. McMahen
Capt
Sarshell Cooper
Lieut.
Benja Cooper jr
Ensign
James Alexander
Capt
Jno Morrow
Lieut.
Amos Barnes
Ensign
Wm. Head
Capt
David Mc Quitty
Lieut
Jno. Berry
Ensign
ORGANIZATION OF THE MILITIA OF THE TERRI-
TORY OF MISSOURI, OCTOBER 1, 1814
William Clark Gov. & commr. in ch. — Henry Dodge Briga-
dier General Alexander Mc Nair Adjutant Genl. &
Inspector.
284 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
1ST REGIMENT — COUNTY OF ST. LOUIS
Lt colo. comdt. — Tho F. Riddick Major of 1st. Richd.
Chitwood Major of the 2d. — Jeduthun Kendall
Major of the 3d. & Peter Chouteau Major of 4th
Battn.
COMPANIES OF THE 1ST BATTALION
1st Robert A Smith Capt — Hubert Guyon Lt — Frederick
Geizer Ensign
2 Paul L. Chouteau Capt — Henry Battu Lt — George
Tompkins Ensign
3d Louis Courtoix Capt — Louis Courtoix jr Lt —
Francis Roi Ensign
4 Zeph Sappington Capt — Thos. Sappington Lt —
William L. Long Ensign
COMPANIES OF 2d BATTALION
1st James Musick Capt — Elisha Patterson Lt — Green
Baxter Ensign
2d Hyacinth Dehetre Capt — J. M. Courtoix Lt — Joseph
Aubuchon Ensign
3d John Miller Capt — John Kinkead Lt — Gabriel Long
Ensign
4 John E. Allen Capt — Joseph Lard Lt — Wm.
McDowns Ensign
COMPANIES OF THE 3d BATTALION
1st James McCullock Capt — Jacob Collins Lt — John
Horine Ensign
2d Abner Vansant Capt — David Brook Lt — Benja.
Johnston Ensign
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec., 1820, 285
3d Thos. Williams Capt — William Ink Lt — Hardy
Ware Ensign
COMPANIES OF THE 4TH BATTALION
1st Benja. Hatherley Capt — Saml. Cantley Lt — Lewis
Hall Ensign
2d John Maupin Capt — Joshua Brock Lt — Jno.
Sappington Ensign
3d Augte Chouteau Capt —
Regimental Staff — John Washington Thompson Adjutant
2D REGIMENT — COUNTY OF STE GENEVIEVE
Nathl Cook Lt colo comdt. Jno. Donohue Major of 1st
Jno. Callaway Major of 2d Battalion
COMPANIES OF 1ST BATT
1st Thomas Oliver Captain — Jno. McArthur Lt Jo?
Hertick Ensign
2d Jno Bossieur Capt — James Rigdon Lt — Jos
Amoureux Ensign
3d Eichd Moore Capt — Tho Riney Lt — Tho Patterson
Ensign
4 Frs. B. Cessell Capt — Mark Brooks Lt — Saml
McCall Ensign
COMPANIES OF 2d BATT
1st William Dillon Capt — William Sims Lt — Benja.
La Chance Ensign
2d Andw. Miller Capt — Isaac Murphy Lt — John
Burnham Ensign
286 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
3d Henry Poston Capt — Archd. Huddleston Lt —
Alexr. Craighead Ensign
Regimental Staff — Joseph Hertick Pay Master — Wm
McFarland Adjutant
3D REGIMENT — COUNTY OF ST. CHARLES
Daniel M. Boone Lt colo. comdt. — Peter Journey Major
of the 1st Robert Spencer Major of the 2d and
Benja. Cooper Major of the 3d Battalion —
COMPANIES OF THE 1ST BATT
1st John Mc Connell Capt Peter Teague Lt — Joseph
Yardley Ensign
2 Isaac Vanbibber Capt Anthony Head Lt — William
Cassio Ensign
3d Saml Gibson Capt Isaac Hostetter Lt Robert Gray
Ensign
4th Nathl Simonds Capt Roswell Dusky Lt — Wm
Ewing Ensign
5 Elisha Collard Capt James Lewis Lt — Jacob
Groshong Ensign
COMPANIES OF 2d BATT
1st William Hartt Capt Osborn Knott Lt Ralph
Flaugherty Ensign
2d Henry Hight Capt Sylvestre Pattie Lt Charles
Dennis Ensign
3d Saml. Griffith Capt Charles Soucier Lt — Eben
Ayres Ensign
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820, 287
COMPANIES OF THE 3d BATT
1 Sarchel Cooper Capt Wm. Mc Mahan Lt — Benja
Cooper Jr Ensign
2d Jas Alexander Capt Jno. Morrow Lt — Amos
Barnes Ensign
3d William Head Capt David Mc Quitty Lt — John
Berry Ensign
Prs. Coursolle Capt Jos Eivard Lt Louis Dehetre
Ensign of a corny, at Sans Dessein —
Regimental Staff — Henry Hight Judge Advocate — Jas.
Beatty Adjt. Stephen Hempstead Q Master. —
4TH REGIMENT — COUNTY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU
Stephen Byrd Lt colo. comdt. Geo F Bollinger Major of
1st James Brady Major of 2d Battn
COMPANIES OF 1ST BATT
1st Abrm. Byrd — Capt — Austin Young Lieut. Andrew
Byrne Ensign
2d Geo C Miller Capt — H. Bollinger son of D[an] Lt —
Daniel Krytz Ensign
3d Wm. Johnson Capt — John Baker Lt. — Thos. Izner
Ensign
4th Adam Ground Capt — Adam Shell Lt — John Ground
Ensign
COMPANIES OF THE 2d BATT
1st Abm. Dougherty Capt — Jacob Shepherd Lt — Elijah
Dougherty Ensign
288 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
2d Jesse JefTry Capt — Jacob Fryend Lt — John Fryend
Ensign
3d James Ravenscraf t Capt — Medad Randall Lt —
Elijah Randall Ensign
4 Geo Jameson Capt — Charles Logan Lt — Wm.
Ingram Ensign
Regimental Staff Samuel Dunn Pay Master — Erasmus
Ellis Surgeon
5TH REGIMENT — COUNTY OF NEW MADRID
Jno. E. Hartt — Lt colo. comdt. Stephen Ross Major of
1st & Jos Hunter Major 2d Battalion
COMPANIES IN THE TAVO BATTALIONS
Elisha Winsor Capt — Thos. Winsor Lt — Joseph Shields
Ensign
Edwd Matthews Capt — Jos Smith Lt — James Lucas
Ensign
Saml Cooper Capt — Robert Boyd Lt — Alexr La Forge
Ensign
Benja Myers Capt — Jno Walker Lt — Joseph Westbrook
Ensign
Edwd Tanner Capt — Andw. Robertson Lt — Danl.
Stringer Ensign
Jno Hines — Capt — Alexr Willard Lt — Jacob Gibson
Ensign
Regimental Staff Richd H. Waters Judge Advocate
Jno Walker Adjutant
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 289
6TH REGIMENT — COUNTY OF WASHINGTON
Wm H. Ashley Lt colo comdt. Andrew Henry Major of
the 1st Martin Ruggles Major of 2d Battalion
COMPANIES OF THE 1ST BATT
1st Jacob Pettitt Captain — William James Lieut.
Stephen F. Austin Ensign
2d Jesse Blackwell Capt Anthony Wilkinson Lieut.
Benja. Home Ensign
3d Robert F. Brown Capt James H. Moutree Lieut.
Drury Gooche Ensign
COMPANIES OF 2d BATT
1st Joshua Morrison Capt Zach Goforth Lt Thomas Mc-
Laughlin Ensign
2d Timothy Phelps Capt William Reed Lt James Gray
Ensign
3d Job Westover Capt John Baker Lieut Joseph Wood
Ensign
7TH REGIMENT COUNTY OF ARKENSAS
Anthony Haden Lieut, colo. comdt. — Danl. Mooney Major
of 1st Major of 2d Battalion
COMPANIES OF 1ST BATT
1st Alexr. Kendrick — Capt William Glassen Lieut. Wil-
liam Dunn Ensign
2d James Scull — Capt Peter Lef evre Lieut. Charles
Bougy Ensign
3d Samuel Moseley — Capt Lemuel Currin Lieut
Ensign
290 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
COMPANIES OF 2d BATT
1st Edward Hogan Capt John Payatte Lieut. Joseph
Duchassin Ensign
2d Jno. C. Newell Capt Benja. Murphy Lieut. Geo
Eankin Ensign
3d William Berney Capt Isaac Cates Lieut. Saml.
Gates Ensign
VOLUTEER COMPANIES
CAVALEY
Capt — Jno. Scott 1st Lt — E. A. Elliott 2d Lt
Jas C. Young Cornet Wm. James Purser
Capt 1st Lt — Joshua Dodson 2d
Lt Jno B Stone Cornet Jona. Riggs Purser
John W. Thompson Captain — Alexander Lucas 1st Lieut.
Absalom Link 2d Lieut.
MOUNTED RIFLEMEN
James Rankin Capt Jno Geiger Lieut. Joseph Andrews
Ensign Joseph Hanks Purser
Morris Young Capt Thomas Wyley Lieut. James Pat-
terson Ensign Tho McWilliams Purser
John Hughes Capt William Strother Lt Thos Reed
Ensign Timy. Phelps Purser
Samuel Philips Captain Philip Ross Lieutenant Robert
Trotter Ensign
INFANTRY
Joseph Conway Captain — Richard Caulk Lieutenant
Thomas Caulk Ensign
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 291
Joseph Millard Captain — Stephen Martin Lieutenant
Anthony Bridger Ensign
Manuel Lisa Captain — Barthelemy Berthold Lieutenant
Francis Guyol Ensign
ARTILLERY
Charles Lucas — Captain — John McKnight 1st Lieut.
Joseph Henderson 2d Lieut.
Secretary's Office St Louis Oct 1st 1814
Frederick Bates
TO JOHN WASHINGTON THOMPSON
Whereas I have been informed by the House of Rep-
resentatives the county of St Louis, has become vacant
by the death of the [incumbent]
I do therefore require you to cause Election to be
[held] at which time there will be chosen by the People,
in the [County of St. Louis, a representative]
In testy whereof I have caused the seal &c. [to be at-
tached]
Given under my hand 8th Deer 1814 —
TO RUFUS EASTON,16 WASHINGTON, D. C.
Dec. 10. 1814.
Yr letter of 16th Nov was reed this morng. — It gives
me much pleasure on several accts. — I had some anxiety
!«Rufus Easton came to St. Louis with Governor Harrison in 1804.
He became a judge under the act creating the Territory of Louisiana, but
was not reappointed in 1806. He was the first postmaster of St. Louis
and for a time acted as United States attorney. In 1814 he was elected
delegate to congress from Missouri Territory.
292 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
as [to] the construction Mr Pleasants might put on the
frequency of my application to him, on behalf of my friends
as well as on my own acct. There is perhaps not another
man for whom I feel such deeply rooted respects. — And
if I had no other incitement to an honorable conduct, than
the hopes of his good opinion, it would be an all sufficient
inducement. —
Those interested in Lands have been constantly desirous
of knowing my opinion as to the interpretation of the first
section of the act of 12th of April last. — As the business
of my office cannot, in the very nature of things, (& by
order of Govt too) progress faster than the surveys, I
have maintained a cautious silence. — Several questions
were lately put to me with more than usual earnestness
on these subjects, when I was obliged to say to them that
if the law was obscure they ought to apply to you for a
declaratory act. —
The death of Seth Emmons17 left a vacancy in the House
of Representatives to supply which Mr Lucas & Dr Farrar
are the Candidates. The canvass will be very warm — the
event doubtful. — If Lucas succeeds, he will probably try
titles with greater politicians than the Dr. at the next
Genl Elections, — and it cannot be doubted that I wish him
success very heartily. — Wm. C Carr is surely the most
impudent man alive. He pretends to think hardly of me
for purchasing the lot on the hill and is persecuting LeDuc
with the most poisoned animosity. How he has become
Compromised] in this affair is altogether unconceivable —
At the time he accepted the conveyance from Clamorgan,
he well knew as I can from his Bro in law, that this very
17 Seth Emmons represented St. Louis in the first territorial council
of Missouri.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec., 1820. 293
Clamorgan had long before conveyed the lot in question
to the late Secy. Browne. When I purchased of the Rep-
resentatives of Browne I was totally ignorant of the fraud-
ulent attempt to deprive them of their property by the 2
deed to Carr. Had I known of them I might with perfect
propriety have made the purchase ; yet it is very likely that
I should not have done so, as it is always best to avoid
contest with low minded People. — It is said that Mr Carr
will make a misrepresentation of this business in order to
prevent my reappointment to the Secretaryship, — This I
take to be mere bluster to impress our village People with
the notion that he really thinks himself injured — Yet the
thing has been told in sober seriousness by one of his
friends to one of mine — Altho' it is always desirable to
meet our enemies in sunshine or at least in day light, I
will not like Ajax in Sir Wm. Draper18 insist upon the
thing as a Sine qua non, provided I am permitted to meet
their accusations. — And this I am very certain you will
enable me to do.
PERMIT TO EXPLORE FOR LEAD MINES
St. Louis Deer. 18. 1814
Mr Jno Perry is hereby permitted to explore the United
States' untenanted Lands within the County of Washing-
ton for the purpose of discovering Lead Mines. Should
he make the discovery he is at liberty to ascertain their
extent & richness by such operations as are usual & neces-
sary for those objects — And as soon as may be convenient
is Draper is remembered mainly because of his controversy with
Junius.
294 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
thereafter transmit an acct. of his proceedings to this office
that he may obtain a Lease for the same
Frederick Bates, Recr L Titles
& Agent for Lead Mines —
TO AMABLE PARTENAY
St. Louis April 1st 1815.
Sir,
Whatever may be the hardships which you suffer from
interruption in your possession of the mines, I cannot
answer your letter of the 14th March, until you comply
with the condition on which the President is willing to
approve the Leases. — I wrote you expressly in January
last that the approbation was conditional — My words are
these 'The President has indeed approved the Lease on
condition the payment of the rents be secured in a satis-
factory manner/ And now you say you are willing to do
so when I require it. — Sir, I did require it in my letter
of 24th Jany. and do again require it. —
The responsibilities which I owe to the commissioner
of the General Land Office oblige me to be thus explicit.
PERMIT TO OCCUPY MINERAL LAND
St. Louis April 24th 1815.
James Gray,19 Jno. Stoddard and Joseph Wheat, having
as they alledge discovered a Lead Mine on the Lands of
the United States, on the waters of Big River about eight
is In 1800 he was living near the mouth of the Meramec. In 1814
he was an ensign in the Washington County regiment.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 295
miles from mine Shibboleth & 20 from Herculaneum adjoin-
ing the claim of Jno. Thurman are hereby permitted to
ascertain the richness and probable extent of said mine,
by the usual operations — if the said discovery be really
on the lands of the United States —
On the following conditions to wit — That said persons
shall keep and render to this Office a just and true acct. of
the mineral raised or to be raised — & pay therefor the
usual rents to the government —
That they shall report the result of their search, to this
Office within one month — at which time a lease will be
given in the usual manner, on said persons giving satis-
factory security — Provided others have not better claims.
If the permission be not renewed the said James Gray
for himself & Partners promises & obliges himself to deliver
the Premises to the Eecorder of Land Titles if so required
to do, after the expiration of one month. —
Frederick Bates
Witness present. — Recorder L. Titles
Edw. Bates James Gray
EDWARD BATES20 TO FREDERICK BATES
St. Louis Deer. 18th. 1815
My Dear Brother
From the excellent weather we have had you will arrive
at Washington sooner than was at first expected. Yet I
should not write to you so soon if I had not been particu-
larly requested to do so by Mr Connor and several
20 Edward Bates was a seventh son. He served six months in the
War of 1812. At the age of twenty he came to St. Louis. He studied
in the law office of Rufus Easton and was admitted to the bar in 1816.
He was soon made district attorney. He rose rapidly in his profession and
296 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
others — You heard before your departure that Judge
Lucas and Colo. Chouteau intended to offer a square of
ground for the erection of the public buildings of the
County and that the lot they had pitched upon lies on the
hill near the Court house, a situation which they contend
is the most eligible about the town — Mr. Connor has deter-
mined with the warm concurrence of all the large land
holders at the upper end of the town, to offer a large lot
at the south east corner of his tract, and as all of them
are much interested, they seem to think if you have any
particular wishes on the subject that the making known
of your opinion and views might have some influence on
the commissioners appointed to manage the business on
the part of the County; the bill for the appointment of
commissioners was to pass its third reading today — I
think there will be large offers made at both ends of the
Town, and perhaps subscriptions opened — I told the gen-
tlemen who conversed with me on the subject that I did
not think you would take any part in the affair, but as they
were very solicitous I agreed to inform you of the above
facts
The Legislature is very busily employed in altering and
abolishing former provisions, and in passing supplemental
bills but they create very little, and in fact their character
for prudence and wisdom is not at all advanced in my esti-
mation. They are again making great changes in the
judiciary system — and have introduced ' an occupying
claimant Law' with the same villainous features as its Ken-
tucky model
But this letter was not intended as a letter of news, it
is written merely on the above request.
became a national figure. His highest honor was a position in the Lin-
coln cabinet.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 297
JOHN G. HEATH TO BATES21
a Saint Louis 14th January 1816.
The Chairman of the Land Committee has required proof
that the Settlers (i e the early settlers) at Boonslick22 did
actually settle by permission of the then Executive Magis-
trate of this Territory. They have frequently stated to me,
and I find they state it also in their petition to Con-
gress that you then exercised the Government It is im-
practicable to send to those people and procure any thing
on the subject, in time to forward it to Washington before
Congress will adjourn.
Therefore if it really be fact as stated in said petition
will you satisfy the committee in that behalf? — Perhaps
it also known to you that those people have suffered very
much by the late war maintained their ground & servered
as malitia enrolled in actual service &c. — The Gov-s form-
ing them into Batalions & companies & their having been
a second time received into the Jurisdiction of the Terri-
tory. Any friendly aid rendered will doubtless be grate-
fully acknowledged by those people. . . .
NB We do not want W Clark our Governor any longer —
I have no doubt this would be freely subscribed by nine
tenths of the Territory — also Govn & Superintendent —
two men.
si Bates was then in Washington, D. C.
22 In 1807 Nathan and Daniel M. Boone, sons of Daniel Boone, with
three others manufactured salt in central Missouri, which region hence-
forth was known as the Boonslick Country. The region was beset by
Indians in the War of 1812. The settlers defended themselves by build-
ing blockhouses and by forming volunteer companies.
298 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
NOTES ON A LAND BILL FOR THE STATE
OF LOUISIANA AND THE TERRITORY
OF MISSOURI23
Washn. March 17. 1816.—
The first section provides for the confirmation of incom-
plete Grants of the French and Spanish Governments —
The Acts of Congress (See Land Laws p. 305 Sec 1. p.
316 Sec 4) appear to be founded on strict principles of
Law — that is of position right on the part of the claimants
and of obligation on that of the government. — It was nec-
essary for a confirmation that the claimant should have in-
habited and cultivated the land of which he had been put
into the possession under the concession, order or war-
rant. This was required by the Spanish usages to which
our Law of 3d March 1807 (4 Sec) refers. — The claimants
had good titles — And the Government in issuing the Pat-
ents only gave evidence of those titles. — But these prin-
ciples were considerably relaxed, or rather they were alto-
gether done away by the Act of 12 of April 1814. This Act
demands nothing of the party — it only inquires whether
or not the warrant or order of survey had been executed
at the time of the actual change of the flag — that is when
"Wilkinson & Claiborne at N. Orleans & Maj Stoddard at
St Louis took possession of the country. However gratui-
tous this liberality of Congress might have been, Justice
does now seem to require a farther provision that its opera-
tion may equally reach all the legitimate objects of it. No
provision has yet been made, such as the first section of
this bill provides for the holders of unexecuted warrants.
The sovereign sanctions of the country had been given in
23 This was prepared by Bates for James Clark of the congressional
committee on the public lands.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec., 1820. 299
their favour, and nothing but a ministerial act of a sub-
ordinate Spanish officer remained to be done — Nothing-
was wanted but the process verbal of survey — Let that
process verbal be dispensed with — And let our surveyors
do that which the Spanish surveyor had not time to per-
form — And which at last, is merely an official routine
consequent on the incohation [inchoation] of the claim.
This provision with the limitation which the 1st Sec of the
Act establishes will make the liberality of the American
Government consistent. —
The second section of the bill provides for the grant,
under Settlement Eight Provisions [of] such lands as had
been improved or cultivated on or before the 10th Mar
1804 [It] does not occur to me why this date should not
have been rather 20 Augt. 1804 as by the existing Laws,
cultivation at that time has been made the basis of grant
(See Act of June 13. 1812). The former Laws (See Land
Laws P. 305 Sec 2. P. 311 Sec 1 P. 315 Sec 2 — Sec 3 of
Act of June 13. 1812 — Sec 4 of Act of 3 March 1813 — Sec
2d. of Act of 12 April 1814) required that these acts of
ownership should have been performed both prior to and
on certain given days to wit, in first instance, 20th Dec.
1803, time of the transfer at Orleans & in the second in-
stance, 10 March 1804 time of the transfer at St Louis.
It is proposed by this section of the bill to dispense with
the continuation of the improvement & require only that
it should have been either on or prior to those days respec-
tively assumed for the state of Louisiana & ter of Missouri
and to extend the donation in all cases to the quantity of
640 acres or a mile square. As to the first object of this
section I would only remark that this class of claimants
is principally composed of persons whose settlements were
300 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
broken up by the incursions of the Indians and by other
casualties incident to a frontier no part of which was
deemed to be secure until the transfer to the U States. As
to the second object of the section, I believe it to be true
that the comparatively inconsiderable number of persons
who claimed less than 640 acres [were] themselves com-
pelled by the then existing arrangements. They would
have claimed more, had they not thought themselves bound
to proportion their quantity to the number of their fam-
ilies. It was not then the voluntary act of the claimant but
the principles of our own Laws as they were understood
by the Treasury department. Mr Gallatin on the opinion
of Mr Breckenridge the Atty. General instructed the com-
missioners to graduate these claims as to quantity accord-
ing to the ratio established by the Spanish Usages. This
was understood, at the time in Upper Louisiana and for
the most part disregarded by the People who thought it a
harsh construction of the Law. Some few however entered
according to this ratio believing that no more would ulti-
mately be granted — And those conscientious people are
perhaps at this day as much entitled to the full quantity
as those who will receive it under the 4th Sec of the act
of 3d March 1813
The third section provides for opening the office as well
for original notice as for the introduction of evidence. It
would seem that opportunities for entering claims had been
already afforded (See Land Laws P. 306 Sec. 4. — P. 312
Sec 3 — P. 317 Sec 5. — Sec 7 of Act of 13 June 1812)
Yet I know the fact to be that there are yet some few claims
not entered, owing in some cases to the ignorance of the
holders. — Neither speaking, writing nor understanding
our language, they have not known the forms of business —
and not unfrequently have been ignorant of the necessity
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec., 1820. 301
for entry created by our Laws. A liberal justice to an
acquired province would, I think, dictate the arrangements
made by this section — And I am sure expediency would
imperiously demand them — for altho ' barred by the Laws
they would not fail at some future period to load your
tables with Petitions for individual relief —
Thus much ad to the entry of notices — But as to the
introduction of testimony, the necessity of such a pro-
vision is, it seems to me enforced by every consideration
of justice and of right. The 3d Sec of the act of 13 June
1812 extended the time of cultivating the donation claims
till 20 Augt. 1804 with the supposition, no doubt, that
whereever the fact existed, the proofs of that fact was
now the record. In some few cases however, it is other-
wise — for in recording the testimony previously to that
time, nothing of a more recent [date] than the time then
limited, was, in the ordinary course of business, entered
on the minutes. If it sometimes appear on the record, it
was at the earnest instance of the claimant or his agent.
The first Section of the act of 3d March 1813 will be found
not to permit the introduction of testimony to meet the
extension provided for by the act of June 1812 And I
trust it is sufficiently obvious that claimants in that situa-
tion should be permitted to prove themselves entitled to
those benefits which it was the intention of that act to
confer. —
TO JOHN A SHAW,24 WASHINGTON, D. C.
o Washington City April 9. 1816.
I have heard with much regret that in the late consoli-
dation of the army, you lost that station which in the
24 John A. Shaw was a Pennsylvania!!. He entered the United States
302 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
opinion of your friends you had filled with so much pro-
priety and usefulness.
In the reduction of great establishments the occurrence
of hardships of this kind is unavoidable. — Time may cor-
rect the caprices of fortune — Do not despair — Accident —
a change of scene — some new modification, will, I greatly
hope, from time to time, restore to the service of their
country those meritorious men who contributed so largely
to the successful termination of the late war. — I have been
solicited by persons who do not know the absolute obscur-
ity in which I live, to assist in your restoration. I have
nothing to offer you but my good wishes. We have known
each other for years in the western country — and the
undeviating rectitude of your conduct, as far as I was ac-
quainted with it, or could presume to judge of it, was
acknowledged by all —
It will give me great pleasure to hear of your future
welfare.
TO THE COMMISSIONEK OF THE LAND OFFICE,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
[Washington], Nov 10. 1816
With permission I will recapitulate the contracts with
Partenay
On the 15th Sept 1814 the Agent by order of the Presi-
dent thro' the comr. of Land Dept. leased to Amable Par-
Army as an ensign in the 1st infantry in 1809. He became a second
lieutenant in 1812 and a first lieutenant in 1814. He received an honor-
able discharge on June 15, 1815, but was reinstated on May 17, 1816,
serving henceforth in the light artillery.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dee., 1820. 303
tenay the following Lead Mines in the county of Wash-
ington
Mine A Straddle 300 acres
Mine A Burton 200 acres
*Mine A Bourassar 800 acres* 18241
Shous's Mine 200 acres
*Little Diggings 200 acres 40910
*Martins Mines 200 acres 529592
Sievers Mines 800 acres
588,743
As it was expected that he would not gain the possession
in less than 5 days — this Contract was made to extend to
20 Sepr. 1815 — On the 30th day of that month he settled
his accts with the Agents for all the mineral reed up to
that day — to wit for 588,743 pounds reed, from the Mines
marked with asterisks which at $4 per thousand amounts
to — $2354. .97 cts. — The Covenants were renewed after
this payment, for the then follg 12 mos. at 350 cts. per
thousand previously to the expiration of which term to wit-
on the 24 Sepr. 1816 — A Partenay settled with the Agent
for 463,477 pds. of Mineral which at 350 cts amts to $1622 —
Overpd. 3 Ds. carrd to his Cr. The Lease has been again
renewed subject to pleasure of the President [subject to]25
the same rents & to include a late Discovery called Macons
Diggings — In this last contract James Scott26 is a joint
contractor with Partenay —
From this recapitulation it appears, (and I declare upon
honor that I believe the statement to be just & true) that
I have received at difft times from Partenay the sum of
25 The original manuscript is here illegible.
26 James Scott was living at Mine a Burton in 1802.
304 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
$3979. .97 cts. — and no more — The monies may not have
be [en] actually paid at the times stated — Sometimes on
settlement. I have been satisfied with good assurances on
an early future day —
The revenues from these mines are indeed inconsider-
able. Sir, it is not my fault — I have made no unworthy
compromises — No misapplications of the public money.
When the Government think proper to take possession of
what is rightfully their own, the Revenues will necessarily
be very considerable. — At present your Agent is de-
famed— And your tenant but the treatment which he
has received has been of a character too shameful to be
here repeated — it was communicated at the time. — -
[Bates' note of explanation]. This statement I gave in to
the actg. officers of the Treasury when I was in Washing-
ton — They owed me money on a general settlement — for
services & compensations in other capacities — not ex-
pence s of Agency. —
TO JAMES SCOTT AND AMABLE PARTENAY
St. Louis February 1st. 1817. —
Gentlemen, j
There is one article of your covenants with which you
have not yet complied — to wit the rendering of quarterly
Accounts — I ask that this may be attended to without
delay — And I moreover require that the first quarters
payment of rents be also made — In Mr Scott's punctu-
ality I have every reliance — but Mr Partenay ought to
have recollected that he yet owes an Acct. of the unfinished
business of his former Lease, as well as a few hundred
Dollars, which I have advanced for him to the Govern-
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec, 1820. 305
ment. — I am in very great want of Money. — If I do not
hear from you within a reasonable time, I must take meas-
ures to avoid those censures which I might expect to receive
from those by whom I am employed. . . .
[P. S] The President has not yet explicitly approved —
And if he discovers this want of punctuality, the probability
is that he will disapprove. —
PERMIT TO EXPLORE MINERAL LAND
Office of the Recorder of Land Titles
St. Louis April 29. 1817.
Major Langham,27 is permitted to explore and ascertain
the extent and richness of a supposed Lead Mine, of which
he is alledged to have been the first discoverer, if (and is
believed) situated on the public Lands of the United
States. — Sections 19. 20. 17. 18 — or parts thereof —
Township 41 N. of Base Line — Range one E of 5. P.
Meridian — On both sides of Meramec. For some time
past this office, tho ' its powers in that respect have not been
revoked, has made no Leases of Lead Mines — If this
should be found to be an object worth attention, I will en-
deavour to procure for Major Langham as favorable an
arrangement as the circumstances of the case may war-
rant. — In the meantime this is intended to secure him
from intrusion and to exempt him from any penalty to
which he might be liable under the Laws of U. S. without
Licence from the President.
Frederick Bates
27 Probably Angus Lewis Langham, who was one of the promoters of
a town called Osage at the mouth of the Petite Osage. It proved to be
an ephemeral enterprise.
306 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
EDWARD BATES TO FREDERICK BATES
McCreary's, 75 miles from
My De. Brother, Kaskaskia, Aug:18. 1818.
We left Shawanee Town on the day before yesterday,28
mother and sister are in pretty good spirits & tolerable
health — Notwithstanding the extreme badness of the
roads — which I believe is always the case here after hard
rains. They came down by water — I brought the horses
across, and altho' the voyage was disagreeable yet upon
the whole there was no great matter to complain of — We
had no accident on the whole trip till we left the Ohio, since
when we have broken 3 swingletrees but our knives soon
got a substitute
I am fearful our carriage horses will fag as we find little
or nothing to feed them with but green corn stalks & all —
We shall come on slowly, 20 or 25 miles a day & shall prob-
ably keep the Kaska : road altho ' the longest, being told it
is better for carriage, and affords better accommodations.
I long to be at home & you may be sure I shall be at St
Louis as soon as my horses will bring me. From Shawanee,
I have taken Ben,29 {yr. Blacksmith) as our driver — he
is not experienced but is very careful & does well — The
boat left Shawanee the same day we did — James goes
round with the negroes & is accompanied by a Mr. Brown
who, I believe will be much assistance to him — I write this
28 in July, 1817 Edward Bates went to Virginia to dispose of the
Belmont estate. He remained there for about a year. In July, 1818 he
started for St. Louis with his mother and a sister. His brother James
followed with the slaves. Edward Bates to Frederick Bates, September
1, September 29, and October 13, 1817, July 19 and August 18, 1818, Bates
Papers.
29 One of the slaves.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec., 1820. 307
Just to let you know when to look for us — as to our affairs
you will have to wait till we meet. . . .
P. S. This is Wednesday but I am not sure whether the
18th 19th or 20th of the month — . . .
Boucoup Aug: 21st ,18 — (Friday) — We shall probably
be at St : Louis some time on monday next — High waters
have retarded us a little — The flies are very bad but our
horses stand it wonderfully — A gentleman going directly
to St. Louis (who will out travel us) has been good enough
to promise a conveyance for this —
A SALE OF SLAVES
Know all men by these presents that I Samuel Sydnor
of the county of St Louis in the territory of Missouri, for
and in consideration of the sum of four hundred
dollars to him in hand paid by Frederick Bates and also for
and in consideration of the friendship which has subsisted
your earliest infancy between Nancy Bates the wife of said
Frederick, and the said Samuel, he the said Samuel B
Sydnor has bargained, sold and delivered — and by these
presents does bargain, sell and deliver to the said Fred-
erick Bates for the sole use and benefit of the said Nancy
his wife a negro Girl named Lucy about six years old, to be
held in trust for the said Nancy Bates her heirs, or the
assigns of herself and husband forever.
And the said Samuel B. Sydnor does covenant with the
said Frederick Bates, as Trustee as aforesaid that the title
to the said Lucy is unincumbered, and that he will warrant
and defend the title to the said Slave against all claims
whatsoever. — Given under my hand in the county of St
Louis the second day of March, 1820. —
Samuel B Sydnor (Seal)
308 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
JOSHUA BARTON30 TO BATES
■pi ^ « St. Louis September 14th 1820.
Since I saw you in town I have had an attack of the
fever and ague, of which however I have recovered — that
together with the indisposition of my brother Isaac has
prevented my coming out to see you as I proposed.
As the meeting of the Legislature is at hand, you will
excuse me for again introducing the subject I spoke to you
on. I am informed by McNair & others from the upper
country that it is the wish of many of the members from
that quarter you should run for the Senate, and the same
wish I have heard frequently expressed by very respect-
able gentlemen of this place. Col. Cook is a candidate &
wil beat Benton.
As to yourself I do believe there is no difficulty if you
can give your own consent to be run.
A SALE OF A SLAVE
Know all men by these presents that I Samuel B. Sydnor
for and in consideration of the sum of four hundred dollars
to me in hand paid by Frederick Bates, have bargained
sold and delivered and by these presents do bargain sell
and deliver to the said Frederick Bates, a Negro Woman
Slave, named Sylvia, in full and absolute property of said
Bates his Heirs and assigns
30 Joshua Barton, a brother of Senator David Barton, was associated
with Edward Bates in the practice of law. He was secretary of state for
Missouri in 1821, but resigned to become United States attorney for Mis-
souri. He was killed in a duel with Rector on June 30, 1823.
The Bates Papers, July, 1813 — Dec., 1820. 309
And the said Samuel B. Sydnor does hereby covenant
with the said Frederick Bates, that the title to the said
Slave Sylvia is unencumbered, and that the said Slave is
sound in her health and bodily constitution — all which
he will warrant and defend. Given under my hand in the
county of St Louis in the State of Missouri, this Fifth day
of December one thousand eight hundred and twenty
Witness Samuel B Sydnor
John Ward
PART VIII
The Later Years
THE LATER YEARS
EDWARD BATES TO FREDERICK BATES
Dr. Brother, St- Louis May 15« 1823-
Mr Leduc being* about to visit you in a few days, I take
the occasion to write you, lest circumstances should frus-
trate my intention of calling upon you the last of this week
or first of next. The pressure of business in the Supreme
Court, at St Charles lately, and now here, and my daily
hope of seeing you in town, have prevented me from making
you acquainted with a matter which it much concerns me
you should know. I am to be married1 on the last thursday
in this month (a fortnight from today), and hope you &
my good sister will grace the occasion with your presence.
It is not the intention to make any disrjlay on the occasion,
but as the family connexion is pretty large, and I have
invited several of my personal friends, of course there will
be a considerable crowd. You will not only gratify me
but comply with the wishes of the family by attending.
It is likely you will see me before you receive this, yet I
have thought it best to write for fear of accidents.
I have also desired Mr Leduc to hand you a letter en-
closed to me by Wm Russell2 which I suppose relates to
the delivery of certain patent certificates for surveys in
Arkansas, and correction of the list of confirmed claims
in that Country, which he says is defective, in as much as
he alleges that some 10 or 15 confirmed claims in which he
i Edward Bates married Miss Julia D. Coalter.
2 William Russell filed three hundred and nine claims, but only
twenty-three of these were confirmed.
(313)
314 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
is interested now are omitted on the list. He has written
to me to attend to this business, & I have promised to apply
to you for that purpose
He urges me to apply for all the Arkansas certs, in which
he was agent (with a few exceptions). But it was impos-
sible for me to ascertain his agency without a laborious
search, and your assistance, which I could not ask you to
give; the matter is at present deferred. . . .
You can cross the Missouri at Lewis' ferry — the worst
of the road is on this side, and the distance not more than
12 or 14 miles.
A SALE OF SLAVES
Know all men by these presents that I Benjamin L. Todd
of the county of Pike county in the state of Missouri,
for and in consideration of the sum of six hundred and
fifty dollars to me in hand paid by Frederick Bates of
the county of St Louis in the state aforesaid, hath bar-
gained sold and delivered and by these presents do
bargain sell and deliver to said Frederick Bates One
negro woman slave named Winney with her three female
children Hannahrette, Mary and Harriott — to have and
to hold the said four slaves to him the said Frederick
Bates his Heirs and Assigns forever — And I the said
Benja L. Todd do covenant with said Frederick Bates
that I have had until this transfer a full, free and unen-
cumbered property in said Slaves and that I will defend
the title against all claims or pretensions to said
Frederick Bates his Heirs Assigns. Given under my hand
this Second day of March AD 1824.
Witness Benjamin L. Todd (SS)
Chas[?] Kinkead
The Later Years. 315
EDWARD BATES TO FREDERICK BATES
My Dr. Brother, St- Louis 30 June 1824
«
As Mr Moore is just taking his departure for yr. house,
I take the opportunity to drop you a line. We were
much surprised to learn that you had declined taking the
tour of the State, which it was thought you had deter-
mined upon. The policy of inactivity I think is very
questionable ; but of this, doubtless you are the best judge.
We have been expecting you in town daily — Some seem
anxious to see you on political grounds merely — some
on business in relation to yr. office, and I for various
reasons.
I believe it is since you were last in town that I have
received the appointment of District Attorney. The
ordinary duties of that Station are more immediately
within my line than yours, but the recent passage of the
land law (allowing claimants to commence actions in the
District Court) will throw upon me a mass of business,
the correct management of which will require a knowl-
edge of facts and principles with which you are far better
acquainted, than any other man in the State. The trans-
action of this business I think, will be worth to me several
thousand dollars, and being of a public nature, calculated
to attract the attention of the public & the Government,
I feel particularly anxious to be enabled to do the business
in such a manner as may be creditable both to myself and
those whom I represent. With these views, I beg you to
direct your attention somewhat to that subject; for, in
truth, the hope of acquitting myself handsomely in this
thing, is bottomed very much upon the expectation of
obtaining information and instruction from you. Per-
316 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
haps, after you have seen the act, I may go so far as to
request a written statement of yr. views on the subject
with a reference to the various laws and regulations with
which I know you to be entirely familiar. I have had a
very slight view of the act, and believe that it does not
contain any enlargement of the principles on which con-
firmations can be founded, but merely provides for doing
now in court, what might have been formerly done before
the commisrs. or the recorder.
I hope to see you soon on this & other subjects, in
which yr. society may be useful as well as pleasant to me.
My family is in perfect health except that my wife is
very subject to severe head ache which she has at this
moment, but wch. seldom lasts long. I am too busy in
court affairs to indulge at present in any political specu-
lations. Present my best respects to Mrs. B. & kiss the
light infantry for me. . . .
[P.S.] Thanks for the catsup.
GEORGE GRAHAM TO BATES
General Land Office
giR Washington, D. C, Aug. 21, 1824
I have the pleasure of acknowledging the receipt of your
letter of the 24 Ulto. with a list of the claims confirmed by
the Board of Commissioners.
I would call your attention to the undermentioned cases
in which the tracts relinquished to the U. S. under the
Act of 17 Feby 1815 do not agree with the confirmations,
and will thank you to give such explanations as the several
cases may require — Viz
The Later Years.
317
Location
Certif[icat]e
No. Ill in favor of Benjn Fooy under
John Hogan
" 139 " " " Isaac Fooy
" 140 " " " Elizabeth Jones
" 237 " " " Caty Gallowhorn
a 477 tt a a Edwd Proctor
tt 5^4 a tt n Augustine Gonzales
" 515 " " " Jno F. Almendros
275
276
306
318
341
346
353
379
458
505
Con firmed
as being in
the County
of A r k a n-
sas
Con firmed
as being in
the County
of Cape
Girardeau
164 " " " John Brooks
224 " " " Charles Lucas
232 " il " Jas Brady under
Williamson
John Tucker
Stephen Quimby
William Hacker
Stepn Byrd under
J. Bowden
Jacob Millikin
E Hogan under
Millikin
John Wellborn
Abm Bird Senr.
Robt Lane
Charles Hogan
104 and 105 issued to John B. Chartier on his hav-
ing surrendered two lots in the Village of
Little Prairie — No lots in that Village ap-
pear to have been Confirmed to him.
113 in favor of Conrad Wheat Junr for 640 acres
but the only Confirmation in his favor is for
450 arpens.
318 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Location Certife No. 342 issued in the name of Jacob
Sevego but the confirmation is to Jacob
Lerego
No. 371 in favor of James Noiris for
300 arpens — the only tract that ap-
pears to have been Confirmed to him
Contains 351 arpens and is stated to be
in Cape Girardeau County
No. 388 issued in favor of Louis Baby
for 250 arpens, when but 200 arpens
appear to have been Confirmed to him.
EDWARD BATES TO FREDERICK BATES
My Dr. Brother, St Louis Aug : 24. 1824.
I am much concerned to hear of the sickness of yrself
& family, particularly at a time when we were in daily
expectation of seeing you in our City, & congratulating
you on your easy & honorable election. Many of the
good folks desire me to salute you Excellent. . . .
It is amusing to observe what strange stories can be
devised, & what wonderful contrivances invented by the
descending, to break their fall. Genl: A. & his most
ardent supporters will have it that you have not been
so easily elected over him, by the spontaneous wishes of
the people, nor on your own solid popularity; but for
sooth, that I, even I, E. B. the great! did wickedly &
maliciously write & compose divers wise, artful & cunning
epistles and did most secretly & with great diligence &
labor scatter & disperse them throughout the land,
whereby the hearts of the people were suddenly turned
& corrupted — the mighty laid low, and the humble
exalted, yea to the pinacle of power. "Big man me!"
The Later Years. 319
If my letters could put the Gen: down (& by the bye I
wrote none) he must be weaker than any of us supposed.
What I wrote you the other day about Gamble,3 was
far from being dictated by any wish to obtrude upon your
rights or duties — I merely meant to say that I think him
fit for the office, and under present circumstances, I know
the office to be particularly well fitted for him. He moved
from Franklin here in hopes of, at once getting a good
practice, this has not yet been realized, and being con-
scious of superior talents to several who stand, as yet,
above him at our bar, I think he is somewhat depressed.
He was & deserved to be at the head of the bar in the
upper Country, where his chief acquaintance is.
DAVID BARTON4 TO BATES
-pv o Washington 6th February 1825
I have received yours of 7 ult concerning Col. Reeves,
and shall be happy in an opportunity of aiding him in the
attainment of his object, should an occasion occur. With-
out alluding to this application of Reeves, I regret to
find such a number of applications for office from Mis-
souri. You would be surprised to see some of my letters
upon that subject from men who spell and write as badly
as the Osage Agent.
s Bates appointed Hamilton Rowan Gamble secretary of state. He
had a long and honorable legal and public career. In 1846 he was a
member of the legislature. In 1851 he was elected judge of the supreme
court by an overwhelming majority, in spite of the fact that he ran on the
whig ticket in a democratic state. In 1861 he was provisional governor
of Missouri.
4 United States senator from Missouri.
320 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
We have had some able discussion upon the bill to
suppress piracy. Mr Tazewell5 has done due honor to
Virginia for chasing him to the Senate. After striking
out such parts of the bill as proposed clandestine war
upon Spain, the bill has been ordered to a 3d reading.
From the threat of the silly King of Spain, to revoke
the cession of Florida if we do not retract our acknow-
ledgement of the Mexican and South American Inde-
pendence, and from the collisions likely to arise with
respect to the host of pirates who have sprung out of
the revolutions of those countries, a war with Spain seems
probable at no distant day.
Mr Clay, you see, has determined to support Mr Adams
for the Presidency.
I think he is perfectly right in so doing — tho' it is
rather leaving some of his over zealous friends in Mis-
souri, in the lurch; but that is probably their fault and
not his. If Gen. Jackson's indiscreet friends here are to
be taken as specimens of his Court & favorites, during
his reign, may that reign never commence.
I send you a no. of Niles6 containing much matter,
which I pray you to take as part and parcel of this letter.
TO SAMUEL WOODSON AND CHAUNCEY SMITH7
Executive Office St. Charles Feb 8th. 1825
Gentlemen,
A paper was reed, at this office, some time ago (handed
perhaps by Mr. Smith) recommending Jabez Warner as
s Littleton Waller Tazewell, United States senator from Virginia,
1824-1833.
e Niles' Register.
"' Members of the general assembly from Jefferson County.
The Later Years. 321
Judge of Probate for the county of Jefferson. — I cannot
consent to this course. — If the General Assembly had
thought proper to have made that Office elective by the
People, they had full power and would certainly have
done so. — But then they would, at the same time have
prescribed an observance of all the usual forms. — The
People would have had due notice — there would have
been managers, to see among other things that no unquali-
fied persons were admitted to the Polls, — and Clerks to
take down the names of the voters — And in all respects
there would have been an open competition. The public
sentiment when fully and fairly expressed will always be
binding on me on subjects of expediency — but a hasty
and ex parte exhibition of names will not always influence
my public conduct, especially in cases where I am enjoined
by the laws to exercise my own best judgments and dis-
cretions.
As the matter now stands the nomination is with the
Governor, and the responsibility is his. — I assume that
responsibility — The People of Jefferson, I know very
well, can have no deliberate wish to take upon themselves
the powers confided by law to the Executive — And it is
to be supposed if they made such an attempt, that at least,
all persons not qualified to vote on other occasions would
be excluded from a participation in a procedure so unpre-
cedented. I do myself believe that Mr. Warner is very
well qualified for the office — but that he better deserves
it than any other Citizen of Jefferson is not pretended —
I wish there to be no misunderstanding. — When I con-
sulted you it was for information — and with a wish too,
to consult, as far as possible, your inclinations — After
your disagreement in opinion, and after the withdrawal of
322 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
the names which you had respectively offered me (Messrs.
Lewis & Hammond) I think it right to follow the dictates
of own understanding, and nominate to the Senate an
individual whom neither of you have either recommended
or supported, — and one too, who shall not seem to be
imposed upon me by Petitions very hastily gotten up.
MARIE PHILIP LEDUC TO BATES
Deae Si^ St Louis Febry. 14th, 1825
I now receive your letter of the 9th instant on the
subject of the Patent Certificates; Mr. Hunt, as I wrote
to you will wait till you come to Town to have an under-
standing with you about them: but should he use legal
means to get them, how can it be resisted — he neverthe-
less would have to enter into bond with sufficient security
for the redelivery or fees dues thereon. — but this cannot
be his views, for he said that he is of opinion that those
P.O. ought not to have been prepared, that is I believe
null and void — I will not in the mean time lose sight of
our interest.
Please, accept my most sincere thanks for the trouble
you have taken, in my nomination of Judge of Probate
I heard enough here of the intrigues which were practised
to procure it to another.
PIERRE CHOUTEAU TO BATES
Dear Sir St Louis April 3d. 1825.
Having understood that Mr Reeves our lieutenant Gov-
ernor was one of the Commissioners appointed by
The Later Years. 323
Government to locate a road from this State to new
mexico I take the liberty to request of you the favor of
writing to him in behalf of my nephew Bene Paul8 as a
proper person to be employed by the Commissioners as
principal surveyor in that Expedition you being
acquainted with him & his talents as an Engineer being
now so well established I think it unnecessary to say
any more to you on the subject I must however observe
that his knowledge of the Spanish language may become
very useful to the party in Getting into the Spanish
provinces.
Please to accept My best wishes for your welfare.
BATES' EXPLANATION OF HIS ATTITUDE
TOWARD LAFAYETTE'S VISIT TO ST. LOUIS9
During the session of the legislature I informed the two
Houses of the intention of General Lafayette to visit
this state in the month of April or May, that they might
if they thought proper cause him to be received as the
Guest of the nation. — They made no order, they gave to
me no instructions. — My judgment entirely coincides with
theirs — They as well as myself, entertain for the Genl.
the most perfect respect — but surely he has had already
sufficient evidences of that cordiality & good will which
a free and enlightened People are always disposed to
show to their friends — and of that homage too, which
ought to be rendered to the illustrious assertor of the
equal rights of Mankind. — His devotions at the holy
sepulchre of Washington — his visits to our renowned
s A St. Louis merchant.
9 Lafayette visited St. Louis April 29, 1825.
324 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
fix President — his transits thro' our Atlantic cities —
his laborious attendance in the halls of our national Legis-
lature, with sundry et ceteras might one would think be
sufficient to exhaust the patience of the Genl. — Spare
him I pray you — the subject is sufficiently understood &
sufficiently cited — There is no personal sacrifice we would
not make on this occasion — but enough of pageantry —
something is due to principle — and I am afraid that
amidst this ostentation and waste, the wounds of our
revolution, etc., which yet survive, many of them in pov-
erty or but lately relieved might cause those Veterans
to make comparisons very little to the credit of the nation.
As an individual it would be altogether immaterial
whether I kissed the hem of his garment or not — As the
Governor of the State I shall not wait on him since the
Genl. Assembly has not thought proper to give the first
impulse. It has however been suggested that he may
personally take it into his head to search me up, either
at St Chs or on the hills of Bon Homme. He would find
me at neither place, — for I have long since promised
my family to visit some friends about that time.
The End.
INDEX
Abbott, James, I, 11, 173, 300; II,
160.
Abbott, Samuel, II, 19, 160.
Abernathy (Abernathie), John, I,
326; II, 198.
Able, Ezekiel, II, 270.
Adams, John Quincy, II, 320.
Adjutant General, I, 115.
Agriculture, I, 112-113, 240-241; II,
47, 154-155.
Aird, James, I, 176-177, 190, 203; II,
38, 201.
Alary, Baptiste, II, 32.
Alexander, James, II, 283, 287.
Allen, Benjamin, I, 332; II, 25, 196.
Allen, John E., I, 323; II, 177, 196,
234, 284.
Allen, William O., II, 114, 191.
Almendros, John F., II, 317.
American Mines, I, 117.
Amoureux, Joseph N., I, 333; II,
26, 138, 139-140, 142, 150-151, 234,
268, 285.
Amoureux, Michael, I, 153-154, 321,
326, 330; II, 77, 161, 199, 200.
Andreville, Andre, II, 26.
Andrews, John, I, 149, 325, 328; II,
198.
Andrews, Joseph, II, 238, 290.
Andrews, Robert, II, 235.
Anthony, Christopher, Jr., I, 129.
Aricaras, I, 168, 220, 237; II, 282.
Arkansas Factory, II, 35.
Arkansas Post, II, 7.
Arkansaw District, I, 151, 152-153,
209; II, 7-11, 12-13, 15-16, 24, 55-
60, 115-116.
Armistead, George, II, 8, 24, 30, 44-
45, 46, 58.
Armstrong, Abraham, I, 328.
Armstrong, Ebenezer, I, 149, 321.
Armstrong, Robert, II, 240.
Arnold, Benedict, I, 5.
Ashley, William Henry, I, 37-38,
141; II, 238, 247, 252, 270, 289.
Ashley's Cave, I, 141; II, 91.
Askins, Mote, II, 239, 240.
Aubuchon, Joseph, II, 193, 284.
Audrain, James H., II, 197.
Audrain, Peter, I, 11.
Austin, H., II, 201.
Austin, James, I, 187, 286, 288, 289,
290, 291, 293, 320, 325; II, 198.
Austin, Moses, I, 20, 111, 112, 117,
186-187, 194, 273, 281, 317-319; II,
39, 77-79, 175.
Austin's road, I, 273, 281.
Austin, Stephen Fuller, II, 268, 280,
289.
Ayres, Ebenezer, I, 327; II, 195,
236, 286.
Baby, Louis, II, 318.
Backus, Elijah, I, 164-165, 176.
Baggs, James, II, 98.
Baird, James, I, 193; II, 193.
Baker, Benjamin, I, 331; II, 197.
Baker, Elisha, I, 149, 325; II, 198.
Baker, John, II, 198, 280 287, 289.
Baker, Joseph, II, 27.
Ballinger, Frederick, II, 199.
Balls, I, 242; II, 109-110.
Bank of Detroit, I, 15-16.
Barada, Antonio, I, 204.
Barger, Peter, I, 203.
Baribault, Francois, I, 204.
Barnes, Amos, II, 283, 287.
Barton, David, I, 36; II, 308, 319-
320.
(325)
326 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Barton, Joshua, I, 36; II, 308.
Bates, Anna (Nancy), I, 3.
Bates, Caroline M., II, 218, 228-229;
306.
Bates, Charles Fleming, I, 3.
Bates, Edward, birth, I, 3; moves
to Missouri Territory, I, 34; II,
306-307; appointed district attor-
ney, II, 315; associated with
Joshua Barton, I, 36; concerning
public affairs in 1815, II, 295-296;
marriage, II, 313; concerning the
election of Frederick Bates, II,
318-319; career, I, 35.
Bates, Emily Caroline, I, 37.
Bates, Fleming, I, 3, 54.
Bates, Frederick. Early Life: an-
cestry and family, I, 3-5; birth, I,
3, 6; education, I, 6; deputy-clerk
of Goochland County court, I, 6;
postmaster at Goochland Court
House, I, 6; in quartermaster's
department of the Army of the
Northwest, I, 6-7. Detroit Period:
I, 6-18, 41-81; journey to Detroit,
I, 6-7, 43-45; merchant, I, 7-8;
political views, I, 8-9, 50, 52-53,
62; testimonials, I, 53, 55; dep-
uty-postmaster at Detroit, I, 8;
receiver of public monies, I, 9, 59-
61, 62-63; seeks secretaryship of
Michigan Territory, I, 9, 57; ap-
pointed judge of Michigan Terri-
tory, I, 9, 63, 67; land commission-
er of Michigan Territory, I, 9-11;
land allotment at Detroit, I, 16;
life at Detroit, I, 16-17, 46-48;
charges to grand juries, I, 73-83;
report of land board, I, 18. First
Acting-Governorship of Territory
of Louisiana: I, 18, 26-30, 89-
304; appointed secretary of Ter-
ritory of Louisiana, I, 18; ap-
pointed recorder of land titles, I,
18, 91; arrival in St. Louis, I,
26; Indian policy, I, 27-28, 104-
107, 166-170, 183-184, 228-230,
249-250; defense policy, I, 27, 183-
184, 222-223; revokes commissions
of John Smith T, I, 109-110;
dealing with factions, I, 27, 115-
117; revision of territorial code,
I, 28; appointments, I, 28; policy
as land commissioner, I, 27, 29-
30; II, 20-22; work of the board,
II, 42-44, 70-73; journey to Ar-
kansas, I, 29; II, 7-11, 19-20;
activities as recorder, II, 22;
views on Spanish land law, II,
47-54; policy regarding lead min-
ing, I, 117-118; view of the terri-
tory, I, 135-138; difficulties with
Judge Griffin, I, 174-175; salary,
I, 218. The Lewis Regime: I,
307-346; II, 1-80; disagreements
with Lewis, I, 30-31; II, 64, 68-69,
99, 108-111; enemies, II, 78-79.
Second Acting-Governorship: I,
31; II, 81-156; Indian policy, I,
31-32; II, 85-87; views regarding
mineral land leases, II, 94-95;
pardoning of soldiers, II, 97-98;
suggests Coburn for the governor-
ship, II, 100-101; suggested for
the governorship, II, 103; refusal
to be candidate, II, 112; contro-
versy with Penrose, II, 111-112;
removal of Connor, II, 116-122;
controversy with Hempstead, II,
123-127; exercise of the pardon-
ing power, II, 127; Gallatin's
opinion of Bates, II, 129; census
of 1810, I, 32; II, 138, 139-151,
153, 162-163, 167-169, 175-176. The
Howard Regime: II, 157-241;
controversy with Coburn, II, 163-
164, 174-175; request for reap-
pointment, II, 164-165; failure to
receive commission, II, 171, 175-
176; policy as secretary without
a commission, II, 176-177; reap-
pointment, II, 178; third acting-
governorship, II, 178-188; fourth
acting-governorship, II, 203-217;
difficulties with John Smith T,
I, 31; II, 210-214; desire of office
of register, II, 217-218; views on
Indian policy, II, 229-230. Fifth
Acting-Governorship: II, 242-255;
provisioning of troops in War of
1812, II, 245-248, 249-253. The
Clark Regime: II, 257-309; con-
troversy with Hempstead, II,
260-266; difficulties of an admin-
istrator, II, 270-273; opposition
to reappointment, II, 293; notes
on land bill for Louisiana and
Missouri Territory, II, 298-301;
visit to Washington, 1815-1816, I,
Index,
327
33-34; investigation of losses by
Indian depredations in the War
of 1812, I, 33-34; report on claims,
1816, I, 34; record as recorder of
land titles, I, 34; joined by his
mother, Edward, and a sister, II,
306-307. The Later Years, 1820-
1825: II, 311-324; urged to be-
come candidate for the United
States senatorship, I, 36; II, 308;
purchase of slaves, II, 307, 308-
309, 314; investments, II, 36;
marriage, I, 36; Thornhill, I, 37;
family, I, 37; campaign for the
governorship of Missouri, I, 37-
38; II, 315, 318; governor, I, 38-
39; II, 320-324; on appointments,
II, 321; veto of measure to pre-
vent dueling, I, 38; attitude con-
cerning Lafayette's visit to St.
Louis, I, 38-39; II, 323-324; death,
I, 39; Edward Bates' estimate of
him, I, 39-40. See also. Board of
land commissioners, and John
Smith T.
Bates, Frederick, Jr., I, 37.
Bates, James Woodson, I, 3.
Bates, John I., I, 3.
Bates, Lucia Lee, I, p. VII, pp. 36,
37.
Bates, Lucius Lee, I, 37.
Bates, Margaret Maria, I, 3.
Bates, Nancy Opie Ball, I, 36-37.
Bates, Richard, I, 3, 315, 316, 317,
341-343.
Bates, Sarah, I, 3.
Bates, Susannah, I, 3, 5, 83.
Bates, Tarleton, I, 3, 5, 50, 51.
Bates, Thomas Fleming, I, 3-5.
Bates, William, II, 205.
Bates, Woodville, I, 37.
Battu, Henry, II, 269, 280, 284.
Baxter, Green, II, 284.
Bayard, James Asheton, II, 128.
Beatty, James, II, 194, 236, 287.
Beatty (Beaty), Joseph, I, 331, 332;
II, 25.
Beauvais, St. Geminin (St. James),
I, 145, 324; II, 38.
Beckett, William R., I, 289-290.
Belford, Francis, II, 33.
Bellefontaine, I, 162-163, 169, 229,
272.
Bellefontaine Factory, I, 219-220,
224-225, 337.
Bellefontaine races, II, 14.
Bellevue, I, 111.
Benoist, Frangois Marie, I, 324.
Bent, Silas, I, 321, 323; II, 162, 190;
193, 195, 196, 271.
Benton, Thomas Hart, II, 308.
Berger, Peter, II, 33.
Berney, William, II, 282, 290.
Berry, John, II, 283, 287.
Berthold, Barthelemy, II, 269, 291,
Bibb, Richard G., I, 195, 329.
Big Soldier, II, 166-167.
Bijou, Louis, II, 282.
Billingsley, John, II, 281.
Bird, Absalom, II, 317.
Bissell, Daniel, I, 164, 169, 196, 266
Bissonett, Charles, II, 32.
Bivarq, Joseph, II, 269.
Black Hawk War, I, 118.
Blackwell, Jesse, II, 268, 280, 289
Blair, Robert, I, 329.
Bleakley, John, II, 105, 129.
Blondeau, Maurice, II, 86.
Board of land commissioners, Louis
iana Territory, I, 29-30, 93-97, 99
127, 134-135, 137, 158-161, 165
166, 220-221, 252-253, 282-283, 298
301; II, 7-13, 19-22, 42-44, 47-54
70-73, 77-79, 92-93, 129, 135-136
138-139, 147, 152, 162, 165-166, 172
173, 179, 184-185, 188-189, 214, 216
217, 218-219, 221, 224, 316-318.
Boatmen, I, 241.
Bocher, David, II, 27.
Boilvin, Nicholas, I, 167-168, 169
171-172, 179, 182, 199, 222, 226
247, 334-335; II, 40, 103-104, 106
107.
Bois, Antoine B., I, 334.
Boisbriant, Sieur de, I, 276.
Bollinger, Frederick, I, 326.
Bollinger, George F., II, 236, 287.
328 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates,
Bollinger, Henry, II, 236, 287.
Bollinger, John, II, 236.
Bon Femme salt spring, II, 276,
Bon Homme, I, 112, 240; II, 134.
Boone, Daniel, I, 327; II, 196.
Boone, Daniel M., II, 235, 282, 286.
Boonslick, II, 297.
Boring, Joseph, II, 198.
Bossieur, John B. Le Brun, I, 323;
II, 234, 268, 285.
Botts, Benjamin, I, 130.
Boudoin, Louis, II, 201.
Bougy, Charles, II, 27, 237, 281,
289.
Bougy (Bogy), Joseph, I, 193.
Bouis, Frangois V., II, 28, 80, 193.
Bouis, Pascal Vincent, II, 6, 80.
Bouju, Joseph, II, 233.
Boundary dispute with Spain, I, 92.
Bouthillier, Francois, II, 17.
Bouvet, Jean Baptiste, II, 203.
Bowden, J., II, 317.
Boyd, Robert, II, 237, 288.
Bradley, S. R., II, 37.
Brady, James, II, 192, 236, 287, 317.
Brady, Thomas, II, 218.
Brazeau, Joseph, II, 201, 281.
Brent, Robert, II, 83.
Brewer, Joseph, I, 292.
Briant, David, II, 234.
Bridger, Anthony, II, 239, 291.
British attitude toward the United
States, I, 163, 201, 209, 255, 263;
II, 220.
British emissaries among the In-
dians, I, 163.
British fur traders, see Canadian
fur traders.
British subjects, reports on, II, 232-
233.
Brock, Joshua, II, 281, 285.
Brook, David, II, 284.
Brooks, Mark, II, 235, 285, 317.
Brown, James, II, 26.
Brown, Robert F., II, 198, 280, 289.
Browne, Joseph, I, 18, 25, 26, 27,
98, 100, 102, 117-118, 127, 135,
146, 270-272, 274, 285-286, 287-297,
318-319; II, 116, 279, 293.
Browne, Robert S., I, 293.
Brownson, John, II, 191, 197.
Bryan, James, II, 205, 209.
Buckhart, Joshua H., see Burck-
hardtt.
Buissonet, II, 201.
Burckhardtt (Buckhart, Burck-
hartt), Joshua H., II, 238, 267,
268.
Burnham, John, II, 285.
Burning, Henry, II, 270.
Burnsides, James, II, 98.
Burr Conspiracy, I, 18, 25-26, 87,
115-116, 122, 129-130, 318.
Burton, Francis, I, 117.
Byrd, Abraham, I, 207; II, 287.
Byrd, Amos, I, 145, 185, 207, 324.
Byrd, John, I, 156, 325.
Byrd, Stephen, I, 329; II, 29, 198,
236, 287, 317.
Byrd's settlement, I, 185, 207, 326.
Byrne, Andrew, II, 287.
Cadron, Etienne, II, 32.
Caillot, Baptiste, II, 27.
Caldwell, Kincaid (Kinkead), I, 324.
Callaway, James, I, 331, 332; II, 25,
145, 238, 250.
Callaway, John I, 325; II, 196, 198,
285.
Callaway, Stephen, II, 191.
Camp Cuivre, II, 251, 253.
Campbell, John, I, 167, 270, 298;
II, 17, 19, 37-38.
Canadian fur traders, I, 105, 122-
123, 133-134, 172, 190, 219, 222,
226, 231-232, 297-298, 299; II, 16-
19, 37-38, 105-106.
Cannon Mines, II, 173.
Cantley, Samuel, II, 234, 285.
Cape Girardeau, I, 184.
Cape Girardeau District, I, 20.
Capeheart, John, I, 252.
Cardinal, Jean Marie, II, 32.
Index.
329
Carnehan, John, II, 281.
Carries, Joseph, II, 240.
Carr, William C, I, 126, 128, 210,
278, 280; II, 110, 151-152, 227-
228, 229-231, 283, 292-293.
Carrico, Vincent, I, 323.
Carter, James, I, 51.
Casa Calvo, I, 120.
Cassidy, Henry, II, 192, 200.
Cassidy, Patrick, II, 200, 281.
Cassio, William, II, 235, 286.
Cates, Isaac, II, 281, 282, 290.
Cates, Samuel, II, 281.
Catholicism, I, 244.
Caulk, Richard, I, 324, 330; II, 196,
239, 267, 290.
Caulk, Thomas Ward, I, 333; II,
26, 239, 267, 290.
Cavener, George, II, 254.
Census of 1810, I, 32; II, 138, 139-
149, 150-151, 153, 162-163, 167-169;
175-176, 183, 187, 201, 220-221.
Ceran, Antoine, II, 201.
Cessell, F. B., II, 285.
Charbonneau, Germain, II, 202.
Charless, Joseph, I, 309.
Charpentier, I, 322.
Chartier, John B., II, 317.
Chatelereau, Louis, II, 32.
Cheetham (Cheatham), Edward, I,
• 270, 271, 285-286, 287-288, 288-297.
Cherokees, II, 57, 58, 115, 239-241.
Chesapeake-Leopard affair, I, 170-
171.
Chippewas, I, 72-73, 163.
Chisholm, Denis, II, 240.
Chisholm, Ignatius, II, 240.
Chisholm, John D., II, 240.
Chitwood (Chittwood), Richard, II,
196, 233, 284.
Chouteau, Auguste, I, 102, 174, 193,
200, 323; II, 31, 160, 193, 196, 201,
202, 234, 254, 285, 296.
Chouteau, Auguste, Jr., I, 157-158,
161.
Chouteau, Paul L., II, 233, 268, 269,
284.
Chouteau, Pierre, I, 105, 114-] 15,
122, 169, 179, 188, 199, 247, 324;
II, 45, 59, 89-90, 120-123, 150, 153,
159, 180, 197, 201, 233, 284, 322-
323.
Chouteau, Pierre, Jr., I, 203; II, 27,
90.
Christ, Abraham, II, 192.
Christy, William, I, 100, 252, 335;
II, 14, 159, 190, 195, 197, 201, 252,
267.
Cissell, Francis R., II, 235.
Clamorgan, Jacques, I, 202; II, 292-
293.
Clark, Christopher, I, 327; II, 196.
Clark, Frances, I, 237.
Clark, John G., II, 13.
Clark (Clarke), Thomas, I, 332; II,
29, 199.
Clark, William, I, 27, 33, 109, 114-
115, 118, 122, 199, 201, 207, 222,
235, 251, 337; II, 6, 24, 36, 84, 87,
107, 110, 129, 190, 259, 283, 297.
Clay, Henry, II, 320.
Clemens, Christian, I, 17.
Clemson, Eli B., I, 309, 330; II, 14,
36.
Clermont (Clermore, Claremont),
II, 45-46.
Climate, I, 245.
Clopton, John, I, 48-49, 50.
Club, Anthony, II, 192.
Coal mines, II, 92.
Coburn, John, I, 25, 31, 147-148, 220-
221; II, 65-66, 101, 104-105, 111,
113, 128, 163-164, 207-208, 214-216.
Coignard, Louis, I, 334; II, 31, 95-
96.
Colgan, Daniel, II, 193, 195.
Collard, Elijah, II, 190, 236.
Collard, Elisha, II, 286.
Collins, Jacob, II, 234, 284.
Collins, John, I, 268.
Comanches, I, 120, 125.
Comegys, J. G., I, 206, 316. See
also Falconer and Comegys.
Commissioners of rates and levies,
I, 156.
330 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Common fields, I, 243.
Comstock, Thomas, I, 329, 331.
Connatoo, II, 56.
Connor, Jeremiah, II, 116-122.
Connoway, Will, II, 199.
Conway, Joseph, II, 239, 245, 247,
267, 290.
Cook, Nathaniel, I. 187, 219, 325;
II, 132, 197, 234, 285, 308.
Coons, John, I, 331.
Cooper, Benjamin, II, 196, 283, 286.
Cooper, Benjamin, Jr., II, 283, 287.
Cooper, Samuel, II, 237, 288.
Cooper, Sarshell (Sarchel), II, 283,
287.
Cordell, Hiram, II, 238, 267, 268.
Cottle, J., II, 26.
Cottle, Warren, I, 327.
Couch, Daniel, I, 129.
Coursault (Coursolle), Francois
(Francis), II, 192, 195, 269, 287.
Courtois, J. M., II, 193, 233, 284.
Courtoix, Louis, II, 233, 284.
Courtoix, Louis, Jr., II, 284.
Cousin, Bartholomew, II, 281.
Covington, Strother, II, 238.
Cragg, William, II, 191.
Craig, Peter, II, 238.
Craighead, Alexander, II, 222, 224,
226, 266, 275, 286.
Crawford, R., II, 19.
Crime, II, 24.
Crittenden, J. J., I, 271.
Crittenden, Thomas T., I, 271; II,
170, 190.
Crooks, Ramsay, I, 202; II, 16-17,
31, 33.
Currin, James, II, 28.
Currin, Lemuel, II, 281, 282, 289.
Curtis, David, II, 194, 199.
Dancing, I, 242; II, 109-110.
Daniel, Wright, II, 280.
David, John, II, 199.
Davis, John, I, 326.
Dayon, Joseph, II, 32.
De Blois (Doublewye), Joseph, II,
270.
Decelle, Peter, II, 32.
Dehetre, Hyacinthe (Hiacinthe), II,
193, 233, 284.
Dehetre, Louis, II, 269.
Dejardin, Polite, II, 202.
Delassus, Charles Dehault, I, 19;
II, 51.
Delaunay (De Launay), David, I,
115, 156, 167, 188, 189, 233, 266,
330; II, 194.
Delaurier, Henry, II, 201.
Delaware Indians, I, 105; II, 91.
Dennis, Charles, II, 286.
Dentry, Roswell, II, 191.
Derchette, I, 204.
Deroin (Derouin), Francis, I, 202;
II, 201.
Deroulier, Henry, II, 31.
Derwate, Baptiste, II, 32.
Deselle, Joseph, I, 117.
Des Moines River settlements, I,
172, 222.
Des Moines River trading house,
I, 226.
Detroit, conflagration of June 11,
1805; I, 8, 12-13; plan of, I, 13;
fortifications, I, 15, 87-88, 173-174;
land allotment, I, 16; customs of
French inhabitants, I, 47-48.
Devillemont, E. D., II, 268.
Dickson, Robert, I, 28, 231-233, 307-
308, 334; II, 18-19.
Didier, Peter, II, 195.
Dillon, William, II, 198, 285.
Dion, Joseph, I, 204.
Dodemead, John, I, 65.
Dodge, Henry, I, 26, 322; II, 141,
144-145, 150, 188, 197, 203, 222,
224-225, 226, 238, 246, 252, 275,
283.
Dodson, Joshua, II, 238, 290.
Doggett, Jacob, I, 252.
Doggett's Mine, I, 252; II, 276.
Donaldson, James Lowry, I, 29, 99-
100, 127, 159; II, 10.
Index.
331
Donnohue (Donohue), John, II, 331,
234, 285.
Donnohue, Joseph, II, 198.
Dorion (Dorrion), Charles, I, 250,
334; II, 31.
Dorion, Pierre, I, 248.
Dorsey (Dorsay), Samuel, I, 177,
326.
Doublewye, Joseph, see De Blois.
Dougherty, Abraham, II, 287.
Dougherty, Elijah, II, 237, 287.
Dougherty, James, II, 198.
Dougherty, John, II, 27.
Doyle, William, II, 237.
Drouillard, George, I, 268.
Drucis, Francois, I, 202.
Dubuque, Julien, I, 203; II, 85, 181-
182.
Dubuque mines, I, 117.
Duchassin, Joseph, II, 282, 290.
Duchemin, Frangois, I, 193.
Dueling, I, 5, 38, 139; II, 210-214.
Dunham, Josiah, I, 176, 247.
Dunn, Samuel, II, 288.
Dunn, William, II, 281, 289.
Duque, Pierre, Sieur de Boisbriant,
I, 276.
Duquette, Francois, I, 327.
Duskin, Daniel, II, 192.
Duskins, William, II, 192.
Dusky, Roswell, II, 236, 286.
Early, Peter, I, 137.
Easton, Rufus, I, 25, 26; II, 201,
231, 291-293.
Edwards, Ninian, II, 74.
Election of 1808, I, 342.
Elliott, Aaron, I, 128.
Elliott, Charles, I, 323.
Elliott, Elias Austin, II, 193, 238,
290.
Elliott, Henry, I, 213-215.
Ellis, Erasmus, II, 288.
Embargo Act, II, 37, 41, 42.
Embroise, Francis, II, 32.
Emigration, I, 238.
Emmons, Benjamin, II, 191, 196,
254.
Emmons, Seth, II, 292.
Ernest, Matthew, I, 7-8.
Erskine, David Montague, I, 105.
Esperanza, I, 160.
Evans, Enoch, I, 321, 326; II, 198.
Evans, James, II, 192.
Evans, Thomas, I, 332; II, 199.
Ewing, William, I, 103, 104, 236,
237, 248; II, 194, 236, 286.
Extradition, II, 74, 76.
Fagot, Andrew, II, 8, 13, 28, 30,
200, 281.
Falconer and Comegys, I, 206, 218,
236, 251, 317.
Falconer, F., I, 206.
Fallis, George, I, 118, 323; II, 196.
Faris (Farris), James, I, 333; II,
26.
Farrar, Bernard G., I, 322; II, 65,
193, 210-214, 292.
Farrar, John S., II, 234.
Farrensworth, Abiel, II, 191, 195.
Fenwick, Walter, I, 270-271, 303.
Ferries, I, 273.
Fetteau, John, II, 236.
Fietto, Jacques, II, 27.
Fire Prairie, II, 36.
Fisher, Joshua, II, 191, 236.
Fitzhugh, Dennis, I, 237.
Flaugherty, James, I, 323; II, 254.
Flaugherty, Ralph, II, 286.
Fletcher, Richard, II, 136.
Florida cession, II, 320.
Fooy, Benjamin, II, 30, 59, 142-143,
148-149, 200, 317.
Fooy, Isaac, II, 317.
Forsyth, Robert, II, 5.
Forsyth, Thomas, I, 144, 147; [I, 5.
Fort Cap au Gris, II, 245.
Fort Carondelet, I, 106.
Fort Clark, see Fort Osage.
Fort Madison (Arkansas), II, 7, 8,
12.
332 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Fort Madison (Iowa), I, 229; II,
75, 83, 91, 106.
Fort Mason, II, 230, 245.
Fort Massac, I, 266.
Fort Osage, II, 35-36.
Fort Pickering, II, 13.
Fox Indians, I, 118, 163, 191, 203,
228-229, 247, 249, 283-284, 308; II,
105, 107, 203. See also Sacs.
Frazier, Robert, I, 114, 116, 309-
310.
Free negroes, II, 266.
French inhabitants, I, 133, 200, 239,
241-243.
Friend (Fryend), Jacob, II, 237,
288.
Friend (Fryend), John, II, 237,
288.
Frontier defense, I, 183, 191, 255-
257, 264, 266, 300; II, 65-66, 75,
230, 245-253.
Fugitives from justice, II, 74, 177-
178.
Fur trade, I, 32, 104-105, 106, 122-
123, 133-134, 140-141, 172, 202-
206, 219-220, 221-223, 226. 229-
230, 231-232, 234, 241, 247, 248, 257,
267, 297-298, 299, 304, 307, 315,
320, 333-334, 344; II, 8, 16-19, 31-
33, 35-36, 37-38, 47, 51-58, 79, 86-
89, 95-96, 103-104, 105-108, 115, 159,
177, 201-203, 222, 270, 281, 282,
283.
Gaines, William, I, 324.
Gallatin, Albert, II, 172-173, 224.
Gallowhorn, Caty, II, 317.
Gamble, Hamilton Howard, II, 319.
Gansevoort, John, I, 65.
Garner, William, II, 146, 150, 153,
167, 169.
Gamier, Joseph V., II, 195, 197.
Garrett, Joseph, II, 235.
Gass, Patrick, I, 310.
Gates, Samuel, II, 282, 290.
Geiger, John, II, 238, 290.
Geizer, Frederick, II, 268, 284.
Gentle, John, I, 173.
Gerlerno, II, 32.
German settlers, I, 326.
German-Swiss settlers, I, 326.
Geronard, Madame, I, 234.
Gibson, Jacob, II, 288.
Gibson, Samuel, II, 236, 286.
Gibson, William, I, 331.
Glass, William, II, 281.
Glassen, William, II, 289.
Gobey, Joseph, II, 33.
Godin, Peter, II, 202.
Goforth, Zachary (Zachariah), II,
268, 280, 289.
Gonzales, Augustine, II, 317.
Gooche, Drury, II, 280, 289.
Goodrich, Elijah, I, 331.
Goodrich, Elisha, II, 28, 195.
Gouniville (Goniville, Gouveville),
Baptiste, I, 204; II, 33.
Graham, John, II, 214.
Grand juries, Michigan Territory,
I, 73-83.
Grand Lead Mines, II, 277.
Grand Monitur salt spring, II, 276.
Grapes, I, 245.
Gratiot, Charles, I, 100, 159, 323;
II, 231, 282.
Gravelines, Joseph, I, 168.
Gravier, Joseph, I, 333.
Gray, James, II, 280, 289, 294-295.
Gray, Robert, II, 268, 286.
Green, James, I, 321; II, 141-142,
195.
Green, Robert, I, 156, 185, 325.
Grenier, Louis, II, 38.
Greza, Baptiste, II, 33.
Greza, Joseph, II, 33.
Griffin, Cyrus, II, 128.
Griffin, John, I, 88, 142, 172, 174-
175, 192-193, 221; II, 37, 113.
Griffith, Samuel, II, 236, 286.
Grignon, Pierre, II, 105.
Griswold, Stanley, I, 11, 173; II,
136.
Groshong, Jacob, II, 236, 286.
Ground, Adam, II, 287.
Ground, John, II, 287.
Guyol, Francis, II, 269, 291.
Index.
333
Guyon (Guion), Hubert, II, 191,
233.
Hacker, William, II, 317.
Hall, Lewis, II, 234, 285.
Hamilton, George A., I, 325.
Hammond, Samuel, I, 22, 26; II,
191, 196, 197, 254.
Hammond, Samuel, Jr., I, 183, 194,
231, 313, 331.
Hanks, Joseph, 1, 290; II, 238, 290.
Hanks, Porter, I, 65.
Harbison, George C, I, 140.
Hard Heart, I, 84.
Harrison, William, II, 238, 268.
Harrison, William Henry, I, 21, 22,
162, 199.
Harry, Jacob, I, 265.
Hart (Hartt), John E., I, 258, 263,
331, 332, 333; II, 25, 28, 237, 288.
Hart, Michael, I, 261, 274, 2S4-286,
287-297, 317, 318, 325; II, 198.
Hart (Hartt), William, II, 236, 286.
Harvey, John, I, 270, 281, 320.
Hatherley, Benjamin, II, 234, 285.
Hawkins, John, I, 190, 253-255, 329;
II, 283.
Hawley, Ebenezer R., II, 194, 196.
Hay, George, I, 130.
Hay den (Haden), Anthony, I, 184,
208, 328; II, 289.
Hays, Christopher, I, 156, 18b, 325.
Hays, John, I, 207; II, 146-147, 198.
Head, Anthony, II, 235, 286.
Head, William, II, 283, 287.
Heath (Heth), John G., II, 29, 159,
197, 297.
Hemp, II, 152-153, 154.
Hempstead, Edward, I, 26, 163-164,
235, 322; II, 26, 123-127, 202, 231,
260-266, 271-272, 283.
Hempstead, Stephen, II, 236, 287.
Henderson, George, I, 185, 323; II,
161, 199, 239, 269, 291.
Henry, Andrew, I, 141, 270, 284, 303,
323; II, 279, 289.
Herculaneum, I, 281-282; II, 53.
Hertick, Joseph, II, 234, 235, 268,
285, 286.
Hight, Henry, I, 323, 328; II, 196,
236, 286, 287.
Hines, John, II, 288.
Hinkston, William, I, 293.
Hoffman, George, I, 9, 10-11, 68, 176,
297-298; II, 16-19, 23, 36-38, 39-42,
67, 130.
Hogan, Charles, II, 317.
Hogan, Edward (Edmund), I, 325;
II, 282, 290, 317.
Hogan, John, II, 317.
Holmes, William, II, 235.
Honey, John W., II, 30, 44, 54-60,
92, 135, 191, 196.
Honory, Bart., II, 98.
Hopefield, Arkansas, I, 160; II, 7, 9.
Horine, Benjamin, II, 280.
Horine (Horigne), John, II, 234,
284.
Horn, Edward, I, 285.
Horn, Richard, I, 285-286, 289-290.
Home, Benjamin, II, 289.
Hostetter, Isaac, II, 236, 286.
House, James, I, 224; II, 63-64.
Howard, Benjamin, appointed gov-
ernor of Territory of Louisiana,
I, 31; II, 135; sketch, II, 135;
non-arrival of, II, 136, 151, 171,
176; marriage, II, 176; leaves
Territory of Louisiana Novem-
ber 16, 1810, II, 190; return, II,
191; leaves the Territory Sep-
tember 19, 1811, II, 194; resump-
tion of duties, II, 217; Cherokee
address to, II, 239-241.
Huddleston, Archibald, II, 281, 286.
Hughes, John, II, 238, 290.
Hull, Abraham Fuller, I, 142.
Hull, Ann Binney, I, 17.
Hull, James F., II, 225.
Hull, William, I, 11, 15, 142, 144,
173, 299, 301-302; II, 113.
Humphreys, Joshua, I, 234, 258, 262,
264, 312, 322, 326, 328, 330; II,
161, 199, 200.
Hunt, George, II, 202.
334 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Hunt, Seth, I, 22, 171, 271, 275,
276-278, 280-281, 284, 292, 293-297,
309.
Hunt, Silas, II, 197.
Hunt, Thomas, I, 162, 178, 223-224,
226; II, 14-15.
Hunt, Wilson P., I, 178; II, 128-130.
Hunter, Joseph, I, 257-258, 263, 330;
II, 237, 254, 288.
Huntington, Samuel, I, 11.
Indiana Territory, II, 53.
Indian conferences, I, 249.
Indian Department, I, 114-115, 235-
236, 251. See also William Clark.
Indian depredations, I, 166-168, 169,
171-172, 178-179, 188, 190-191, 199-
200, 209-210, 223-224, 255-256, 283-
284, 300, 308, 316-317, 320, 344; II,
65, 75, 102, 105-106, 115, 149, 150,
180, 229.
Indian land titles, I, 150-151.
Indian speech, II, 166-167.
Indians, I, 15, 72-73, 103-107, 118,
119, 120, 121-122, 123-124, 125, 126,
134, 140-141, 162-164, 168-169, 179,
190-191, 198-199, 202-204, 205-206,
207, 221-223, 226, 228-230, 232, 234,
247, 249, 283-284, 307, 316-317, 333-
335, 338; II, 16, 31-33, 44-47, 55-
60, 84-86, 89-90, 91. 115, 116-119,
120-122, 166-167, 180, 201-203, 239-
241, 281, 282.
Ingram, William, II, 269, 288.
Ink, William, II, 234, 285.
Insolvent debtors, I, 227, 269.
Iowas, I, 84-85, 118, 163, 203, 207,
232, 334; II, 31, 102, 201.
Irish, Nathaniel, II, 202.
Isaacs, Jesse, II, 240.
Izner, Thomas, II, 287.
Jackson, Andrew, II, 320.
Jacobs, Jacob, II, 26.
Jacobs, Joseph, I, 333.
James, Thomas, II, 240.
James, William, I, 145, 321; II, 238,
289.
Jameson, George, II, 269, 288.
Janis, Antoine, I, 327.
Jarrot, Nicholas, II, 105.
Jay's Treaty, II, 38.
Jeamdt, Baptiste, II, 32.
Jeffrey, Jesse, II, 237, 288.
Johnson, Benjamin, I, 324.
Johnson, Peyton, II, 206.
Johnson, William, II, 287.
Johnston, Benjamin, II, 197, 234,
284.
Jones, Elizabeth, II, 317.
Jones, John Rice, II, 131.
Jones, Michael, I, 164-165, 276.
Jones, Thomas, II, 107, 108.
Jouett, Charles, I, 65-67.
Journey, Peter, II, 235, 286.
Julien, Denis, I, 203; II, 201.
Kansas tribe, I, 121, 202, 203.
Kaskaskia, II, 68.
Kaskaskia land office, I, 164-165;
II, 53.
Kaskaskias, I, 163.
Keller, John, II, 98.
Kelly, Jacob, I, 199, 326.
Kelso, William, II, 198.
Kendall (Kendal), Jeduthun (Je-
duthan), I, 324, 329; II, 197, 233,
284.
Kendrick, Alexander, II, 281, 2S9.
Kennedy, Samuel S., II, 196.
Kibby, Timothy, I, 200, 314, 323; II,
194, 195, 196.
Kickapoos, I, 118, 163; II, 149-150.
Kincaid (Kincade), Andrew, II, 29,
197.
King, Henry, II, 100.
Kinkead, John, II, 234, 284.
Kinney, Moses, II, 177.
Kiowas, I, 120.
Knott, Osborn, II, 236, 286.
Krytz, Abraham, II, 236, 237.
Krytz, Daniel, II, 236, 287.
Labadie (Labbadie), Sylvestre, II,
27, 190.
Labadie, Sylvestre, Jr., II, 27.
Index.
335
Labeaume (La Beaume, Lebeaume),
Louis, I, 323; II, 193, 196, 279.
La Chance, Benjamin, II, 235, 285.
Lacroix, Baptiste, II, 202.
Lacroix, Joseph, II, 202.
Lafayette, Marquis de, I, 38-39; II,
323-324.
Lafernait (Laferney), Joseph, I,
332; II, 29, 199.
Lafferty, John, II, 240.
Lafond, Joseph, I, 203.
La Forge, Alexander, II, 237, 288.
La Forge, Pierre Antoine, I, 22;
II, 33-34, 96-97, 199, 200.
La Franchaise, Antoine, II, 32.
Lagotrie, Ed., II, 105.
La Jeunesse, Jacques, I, 202.
Land bill for Louisiana and Mis-
souri Territory, II, 298-301.
Land commissioners, see Board of
land commissioners.
Land values, II, 155, 186.
Land warrants of Lewis and Clark
followers, I, 267-268.
Lane, Robert, II, 317.
Langham, Angus Lewis, II, 305.
Langlois, Raphael, I, 204.
Lanham, Stephen, II, 234.
Lanzey, Levi, II, 233.
Lard, Joseph, II, 234, 284.
Lardoise, Joseph, II, 98.
Latresse, John, II, 98.
Laurain (Laurens), Jean Baptiste,
32.
Lawyers, I, 247.
Lead mining, I, 111-112, 117-118,
135, 136-138, 181, 196-198, 211-
215, 216-218, 234-235, 238, 244,
251-252, 253-255, 261, 265, 270-
272, 274-275, 276-278, 280-281, 284-
285, 287-297, 303-304, 309, 311, 318-
319; II, 22, 39, 94, 171, 173-174,
180-184, 188, 203-207, 209-214, 222-
223, 224-225, 226, 270, 273, 275-
279, 293-295, 302-305.
Le Beau, Baptiste, II, 32.
Le Beaume, see La Beaume.
Lebeech, I, 204.
Le Blanc, Duplesse, I, 203.
Le Blanc, Joseph, II, 33.
Le Blanc, Louis, II, 33.
Le Court, Baptiste, II, 33.
Le Due, Mary Philip, I, 322, 324,
329; II, 8, 13, 26, 183, 184-185,
196, 197, 292, 322.
Lee, Patrick, II, 201, 203.
Lee, William, I, 51.
Lefevre, Pierre (Peter), II, 27, 237,
281, 289.
Legal tender, I, 312.
Le Jeunesse, Jacques, II, 202.
Lemmon, John, II, 237.
Le Moine salt spring, II, 276.
Le Sieur, Francois, I, 327; II, 96,
195.
Letourneau, Louis, II, 202, 282.
Lewis and Clark Expedition, I, 220,
268, 309-310.
Lewis, Elisha, II, 201.
Lewis' ferry, II, 314.
Lewis, James, II, 190, 236, 286.
Lewis, Joseph, I, 332; II, 29, 199.
Lewis, Meriwether, present at trans-
fer of Upper Louisiana, I, 19;
appointed governor of Louisiana
Territory, I, 18; mentioned, I,
195, 228, 235, 247, 265, 298, 300,
304; governorship, I, 31, 305-346;
II, 3-80; arrival, I, 307, 308; visit
to Belief ontaine, I, 314; pressure
of office seekers, I, 315; procla-
mation of April 20, 1808, I, 337-
340; proclamation creating Dis-
trict of Arkansas, II, 15-16; opin-
ion of Robert Dickson, II, 18;
takes over control of lead mining
matters, II, 22, 94; appointments,
II, 25-31; suspends trade with
Osages, II, 35-36; misunderstand-
ings with Bates, I, 30; II, 64,
68-69; measures of defense, II,
75; unpopularity, II, 75; Indian
policy, I, 32; II, 87-89; retire-
ment from the governorship, II,
68; 100-101; death, I, 30; II, 86,
103, 104, 106-107, 108; Bates' esti-
mate of, II, 108-112.
Lewis, Reuben, I, 304, 316.
Lewis, Samuel, II, 236.
336 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Liberty Mine, II, 276.
Lindenwood College, I, 222.
Link, Absalom, II, 268, 283, 290.
Linsbaugh, Fred, II, 199.
Lisa, Manuel, I, 106, 202, 269, 291.
Little, Joseph, II, 196.
Little Diggings, II, 303.
Little Prairie, II, 137.
Logan, Charles, II, 269, 288.
Long, Gabriel, II, 193, 234, 284.
Long, William L., II, 98, 233, 284.
Loo, Richard, II, 191.
Looney, Joseph, II, 236.
Lorimier, Louis, I, 189, 200-201,
236.
Louisiana, delivery of to the United
States, I, 19.
Louisiana, District of, I, 21-22.
Louisiana, State of, land bill for,
II, 298-301.
Louisiana Territory, creation of, I,
23, 99; extent, I, 23; government,
I, 23-24, 119; factions in, I, 24-26,
99, 101, 108, 115-117, 127, 143,
145, 146, 186-187, 194-195, 270-272,
303, 315-316, 318-319; 175; militia,
I, 27, 109, 138-139, 157-158, 195,
266; II, 25-28; seal, I, 150; courts,
I, 155-157; economic and social
conditions, I, 111-114, 237-246, 266-
268; II, 154-156; defense meas-
ures, I, 206, 209-210, 255-257; II,
75; officials, I, 320-333; II, 28-
31, 189-203; census of 1810, II,
138, 139-149, 150-151, 153, 162-163,
167, 169, 175-176; desire for sec-
ond grade of territorial govern-
ment, I, 301; II, 136-137. See also
Frederick Bates, Meriwether
Lewis, Benjamin Howard.
Lourey, John, I, 127.
Lucas, Alexander, II, 238, 267, 283.
Lucas, Charles, II, 247, 249, 251,
268, 291, 292, 296, 317.
Lucas, James, II, 237, 288.
Lucas, John B. C, I, 25, 26, 29, 97,
99-100, 127, 147, 159, 282; II, 20-
21, 49, 52, 70, 72, 78, 128, 129,
135-136, 147, 179, 182, 189, 207-
208. See also Board of Land com-
missioners.
Lucas, Robert, II, 239.
Lucero Expedition, I, 120.
Lyon, James, I, 49.
McArthur, John, II, 132, 234, 268,
285.
McCall, Samuel, II, 235, 285.
McClain, John, II, 200.
McCelland (McClellan), Robert, I,
202, 203; II, 17, 31, 33.
McComack, Peter, II, 282.
McConnell, John, II, 26, 235, 286.
McConnell, William, I, 327; II, 195.
McCormick, John, II, 194.
McCormick, Joseph, II, 198.
McCoy, Robert, II, 29, 193, 199.
McCullock (McCulloch), Jamos, II,
197, 234, 269, 284, 330.
McDonald, John, II, 233.
McDougall, George, I, 147.
McDowns, William, II, 234, 284.
McFarland (McFarlane), Blassing-
ham (Blessingham) H., II, 237,
282.
McFarland (McFarlane, McFarlin,
McFarling), James, II, 44-45, 55-
60, 107, 203.
McFarland, William, II, 281, 286.
McFerron, Joseph, I, 139, 331; II,
198, 199.
McGuire, Philip, II, 197, 269.
Mclllmurray, John, II, 281.
McKay, Robert, I, 332.
McKean, Thomas, I, 50.
McKee, Andrew, I, 201.
McKee's Discovery, I, 252; II, 276.
McKinney, John, I, 307, 308.
McKnight, John (Jos), II, 193, 218,
239, 291.
McLanahan, Josiah, I, 255, 337.
McLaughlin, Thomas, II, 268, 280,
289.
McMahan (McMahon), William, II,
283, 287.
McNair, Alexander, I, 213-215, 268,
324, 329, 333; II, 26, 112, 120, 122,
169, 193, 196, 219-220, 230, 238,
239, 249, 250, 283, 308.
Index.
337
McQuitty, David, II, 283, 287.
MacRae, Alexander, I, 130.
McWilliams, Robert, II, 238.
McWilliams, Thomas, II, 290.
Mackay, James, I, 324, 330; II, 196.
Mackay, Robert, II, 199.
Mackinac, see Michillimackinac.
Mackinac Company, II, 17.
Mackinac Factory, II, 37.
Madison, James, I, 342; II, 45.
Malboeuf, Stephen, II, 98.
Mandan escort, II, 89, 122-123.
Mandans, I, 220, 250; II, 89, 122-
123.
Manly, John, II, 98.
Manufactures, II, 153.
Marais des Liards, I, 334.
Marie, Joseph, I, 303.
Markets, I, 113.
Marshall, John, I, 48-49, 50.
Martin, Luther, I, 130.
Martin, Stephen, II, 239, 291.
Martineau, Joseph, II, 98.
Martin's Mine, II, 303.
Massey, David, II, 223-224.
Mathers, William, I, 261, 270, 274-
275, 280, 284-286, 287-297, 317-319;
II, 60-62, 198, 199.
Mathews, William, I, 326.
Mathurin, John B., I, 333.
Matthews, Edward, II, 237, 288.
Matthews (Matthers), Edward, Jr.,
I, 327; II, 199.
Maupin, John, II, 26, 281, 285.
Maxwell, James, II, 254.
Mechan, John Alexander, Jr., II, 27.
Meigs, Return J., I, 22, 298.
Meigs, Return J., Jr., II, 128.
Melgares Expedition, I, 120, 125,
126.
Merry, Anthony, I, 105.
Meyneaud, Jean Baptiste Francois,
I, 275, 277.
Michie, John, II, 154-156, 185-187.
Michigan Territory, creation of, I,
9; officers, I, 11-12; judicial or-
ganization, I, 14, 73-83; operation
of Indiana statutes in, I, 84-86;
settlement of land claims in, I,
65, 69-73; political dissensions, I,
142, 172-173, 221, 300, 301-302; II,
64-65, 113, 160.
Michillimackinac, I, 226, 232; II,
37, 42, 160.
Michillimackinac Company, I, 38.
Michillimackinac Factory, I, 221.
Michillimackinac Revenue District,
I, 221.
"Military School," I, 148-149.
Militia, I, 92-93, 115, 138-139, 141,
157-158, 163-164, 187-188, 189, 191,
195, 199-200, 210, 233, 236, 256-
257; II, 25-28, 39, 75, 97-98, 131
132, 189-194, 245-248, 249-253, 279-
291.
Militia laws, I, 92, 115.
Millard, Joseph, II, 239, 291.
Miller, Andrew, I, 196-197, 198, 216;
II, 235, 285.
Miller, George C, II, 236, 287.
Miller, John, II, 283, 284.
Miller, Samuel, II, 281.
Miller, William, I, 6.
Millikin, Jacob, II, 317.
Mills, Richard, II, 198.
Mine a Bourassar, II, 303.
Mine a Burton (Breton), I, 111,
112, 117, 194, 231, 261; II, 38-39,
303. See also Moses Austin.
Mine a Gerbore, I, 117.
Mine a Joe, I, 117.
Mine a la Motte, I, 117.
Mine a la Plate, I, 117.
Mine a Larry, I, 117.
Mine a Maneto, I, 117.
Mine a Renault, I, 117, 261, 271,
275, 276-277, 284-285, 287-297, 303-
304; II, 180-183, 203-204.
Mine Arnault, I, 234-235.
Mine a Robina, I, 117, 293; II, 276.
Mine a Straddle, II, 303.
Missouri, migration to, I, 35; par-
ties in, I, 35; gubernatorial cam-
paign of 1824, II, 315, 318.
Missouri Fur Company, I, 304; II,
89.
338 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Missouri River expedition, I, 224.
Missouris, II, 32.
Missouri Territory, creation of, I,
33, 301; government, I, 33-34; II,
254, 296; militia, II, 233-239, 267-
269, 279-291, 297; officials, JI,
279-283; defense in War of 1812,
II, 245-248, 249-253; land bill for,
II, 298-301.
Mitchell, Joseph, I, 333.
Monburn, Charles, II, 202.
Money, II, 154.
Monroe, James, I, 332.
Montardy, Pedro (Peter), I, 203; II,
32.
Mooney, Daniel, II, 27, 59, 60, 143-
144, 149, 200, 237, 281, 289.
Moore, Daniel, II, 98.
Moore, Isidore, I, 325; II, 198.
Moore, Richard, II, 235, 285.
Moorhead, Fergus, II, 181-182, 197.
Morales' regulations, II, 48.
Morin, Joseph, II, 14.
Morleau, Gab., II, 32.
Morrison, James, I, 203, 327, 333;
II, 195, 235, 238, 245.
Morrison, Jesse, I, 203, 333.
Morrison, Joshua, II, 280, 289.
Morrison, Robert, II, 131.
Morrison, William, II, 245, 250, 252,
253.
Morrow, John, II, 283, 287.
Moseley, Samuel, II, 192, 200, 202,
281, 289.
Moutree, James H., II, 289.
Murphey's Settlement, I, 252.
Murphy, Benjamin, II, 282, 290.
Murphy, Isaac, II, 235, 285.
Murphy, William, I, 320.
Musick, Abram (Abraham), II, 63.
Musick, Asa, II, 240.
Musick, David, II, 233, 245, 247,
254-255, 259.
Musick, James, II, 233, 246, 248,
284.
Musick, Thomas, II, 196.
Musick, Uri, II, 26.
Mutry, James F., II, 268.
Myers, Benjamin, II, 237, 288.
Neeley (Neely), William, II, 194.
New Madrid District, I, 20; II, 15-
16.
Newcomer, Christopher, I, 288-289.
New Diggings, I, 252, 265; II, 276.
Newell, James C, II, 282.
Newell, John C, II, 290.
Nichols, John, II, 98.
Noiris, James, II, 318.
Non-Intercourse Act, II, 41.
North West Company, I, 226. See
also Canadian traders.
Northwestern posts, II, 38. See also
Canadian traders.
Notrebee, Fred, II, 281.
O'Bannon, William, I, 103, 104, 163,
167, 169; II, 42.
Ogle, William, I, 139.
Ohio, I, 209.
Old Mines, I, 117.
Olive, Jean Baptiste, I, 332; II, 29.
Oliver, Thomas, I, 160, 189, 321, 328,
329; II, 190, 197, 198, 234, 285.
Omahas, I, 121, 202, 203, 283-284.
Ordway, William, II, 127.
O'Reilly, Alexander, I, 107.
Orphans' courts, I, 258.
Osage (town), II, 305.
Osages, I, 106, 118, 119, 123-124, 179,
188, 198-199, 203, 316-317, 320, 334,
344-345; II, 35-36, 44-47, 58, 89-
90, 159, 167.
Ottawas, I, 72-73; II, 180.
Oto (Otto), I, 121, 125, 202, 203, 283-
284, 333; II, 31, 32.
Ouachita, II, 13.
Padoes, I, 125.
Padoucahs, I, 125.
Pain, Joseph, II, 240.
Pani-Mahas, I, 202.
Papin, Alexander, II, 202, 283.
Papin, Antoine, I, 202.
Index.
339
Papin, Joseph M., I, 102-103.
Pardons, I, 152.
Parsons, Agnes, I, 3.
Parsons, Joseph A., I, 290-291.
Partenay (Partenais), Amable, II,
38, 207, 270, 273, 275, 278-279, 294,
302-305.
Patterson, Elisha, II, 284.
Patterson, James, II, 238, 290.
Patterson, Thomas, II, 235, 285.
Pattie, Sylvestre, II, 286.
Paul, Rene, II, 323.
Pawnees, I, 120, 121, 125, 202, 230-
231; II, 31, 32.
Payatte, John, II, 282, 290.
Payton, Charles, II, 270.
Peau Blanche, I, 334.
Pennyman (Penneman), Joshua, I,
160, 189, 321, 325.
Penrose, Clement Biddle, I, 29, 97,
99, 159, 282; II, 21, 49, 52, 71-72,
99, 111, 129, 147, 179, 189, 202,
216, 218. See also Board of land
commissioners.
Peorias, I, 163.
Perkins, Joseph, I, 211-213, 329;
II, 189.
Perry, John, I, 273, 278-279, 297,
329; II, 34-35, 279, 280, 293-294.
Perry, John, Jr., II, 38.
Perry, Samuel, I, 217, 270, 285-286,
288-297; II, 38, 174.
Pettitt (Pettit), Jacob, II, 268, 280,
289.
Phelps, Timothy, II, 238, 280, 289,
290.
Philips (Phillips), Samuel, II, 238,
290.
Philips, Sylvanus, II, 202.
Philips, Zach., II, 281.
Philipson, Jacob, II, 153.
Pike Expedition, I, 120, 121-122, 125,
126, 134, 232.
Piqueur, Baptiste, II, 149-150.
Piqueur (Piqueure), Francis, II, 32,
149-150.
Piqueur, Joseph, II, 32.
Piracy, I, 257; II, 320.
Placie, Jean Baptiste, I, 193.
Plante, Peter, II, 33.
Pleasants, James, I, 51; II, 291-292.
Poncas, II, 282.
Pope, John, II, 227-228, 230.
Pope, Nathaniel, II, 26, 76, 100, 113.
Population, I, 245; II, 168, table.
Porlier, Jacques, II, 105.
Portage des Sioux, I, 249; II, 245,
250.
Poston, Henry, II, 235, 286.
Pottawotomi, I, 72-73, 124, 163.
Prairie du Chien, I, 176, 222 226*
II, 18.
Pratte, Bernard, I, 200, 323 329
331; II, 75, 193, 196, 197.
Pratte, Joseph, II, 198.
Presbyterian Church, I, 325, 327.
Preston, William, II, 202.
Price, Rysdon (Risden) H., I, 330-
II, 28.
Prices, I, 138, 346; II, 154-156.
Priesthood, I, 244.
Primo, Paul, I, 203.
Primo (Primeau), Pierre, I, 203; II
202.
Probate court, I, 259-260, 269.
Proclamations, I, 109, 130-132, 152-
153, 179-180, 337-340; II, 15-16, 97-
98, 102, 134, 254, 255, 259.
Proctor, Edward, II, 317.
Proulz, Bazil, I, 334.
Provonchere, Antoine Nicholas
Pierre, I, 100, 321; II, 231.
Provonchere, Madame, I, 100, 116.
Pryor, Nathaniel, I, 220, 230, 237
248; II, 63, 64.
Purser, William, II, 290.
Quasquami (Qusquami), I, 334; II,
117.
Quesnel, Amable, II, 32.
Quesnel, Joseph, II, 32.
Quesnel, Peter, II, 33.
Quick, Benjamin, II, 98.
Quimby, Stephen, II, 317.
Races, II, 14.
Racine, Tenace, II, 27, 237.
340 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Ragotte (Rajotte), Frangois, I, 202;
II, 32, 202.
Ramsay, Thomas, II, 231.
Ramsay (Ramsey), William, I, 308;
II, 238.
Ramsey, Andrew, II, 238.
Randall, Elijah, II, 237, 288.
Randall, Medad, II, 237, 288.
Randolph, Edmund, I, 130.
Rankin, George, II, 282, 290.
Rankin, James, I, 329, 331; II, 197,
238, 246, 290.
Ravenscraft, James, II, 192, 237,
288.
Rawls, Amos, I, 333; II, 26.
Reap, Frederick, II, 236.
Rector, William, I, 298.
Reddell (Ruddell), George, II, 199.
Reed, Jacob, I, 253-255.
Reed (Reid), Thomas, II, 238, 290.
Reed (Read), William, I, 227, 330;
II, 280, 289.
Refeld, Charles, II, 30, 59.
Reid, James, II, 19.
Reineke (Reineker), Frederick, II,
193, 199.
Relle, Charles, II, 149-150.
Renard, Joseph, I, 202.
Renault, Philippe Frangois, I, 276-
277.
Revolutionary War veterans, I, 114,
124.
Rhea's resolution, I, 267, 295-296.
Rheile (Rheill), A. E., II, 238, 267.
Richardson, James, I, 115-116, 117,
320; II, 26.
Riddick, Thomas Fiveash, I, 158,
217, 268, 282-283, 298, 322, 324,
328; II, 5-6, 22, 53-54, 79, 92, 135,
189, 196, 197, 214, 217, 231, 233,
284.
Rigdon, James, II, 234, 268, 285.
Riggs, Jonathan, II, 238, 290.
Riney, Thomas, II, 235, 285.
Rivard (Rivar), Joseph, II, 33, 287.
Robbins, Prospect K., II, 194, 195,
238, 282.
Robertson, Andrew, II, 288.
Robidoux, Frangois, II, 31, 202.
Robidoux, Joseph, I, 202.
Robinson, David, II, 170.
Robison, William, II, 14.
Roche, Manuel Andre, II, 29.
Rocheblave, Noel, II, 105.
Rocque, M. A., II, 190, 197.
Rogers, Ezekiel, II, 177.
Rogers, Lewis, I, 105, 106.
Rogers, Samuel, II, 98.
Rogers, William, II, 202.
Roi, Francis, II, 233, 284.
Romin, Christy, I, 296-297.
Ross, James, I, 50.
Ross, Philip, II, 238, 290.
Ross, Stephen, I, 326, 333; II, 25,
199, 237, 288.
Roy, Antoine, I, 203.
Ruddell (Ruddle), George, I, S27;
II, 29, 137.
Ruggles, Martin, II, 234, 268, 269,
289.
Russell, William, I, 329; II, 281,
313-314.
Sacs, I, 103, 104, 118, 162, 169, 179,
190-191, 203, 228-229, 230, 247, 249,
283-284, 308, 310-311, 334, 335; II,
86, 105, 116-119, 120-122, 203. See
also Fox Indians.
St. Charles, I, 112, 240, 245.
St. Charles District, I, 20, 238.
Ste. Genevieve District, I, 20, 238,
320; II, 116.
Ste. Genevieve, I, 144, 245, 281-282.
St. Joseph, I, 202.
St. Louis, I, 20, 239, 245; II, 296.
St. Louis District, I, 20, 238; II,
116.
St. Phillips, I, 276.
St. Vrain, Jacques Ceran Marcelin
DeHault DeLassus, I, 251.
St. Vrain's grant, I, 251-252, 285,
303-304; II, 181-183, 223, 276-277.
Salines, I, 238, 245.
Saltpetre production, I, 141, 245 ; II,
60-62, 91, 249-250.
Index.
341
Salt works, II, 159, 274, 276.
San Fernando de Florrissant, I,
240.
Sanguinet (Sanguenette), Charles,
Jr., I, 202; II, 282.
Santa Fe road, II, 322-323.
Sappington, John, II, 234, 285.
Sappington, Thomas, II, 233, 284.
Sappington, Zepheniah (Zapha-
niah), II, 26, 233, 284.
Sarpy, Gregoire, II, 233.
Saucier (Soucier), Charles, II, 192,
236, 286.
Saucier (Soucier), Francois, I, 323;
II, 194, 195.
Saucier (Soucier), Nathaniel, II,
33.
Schrader (Shrader), Otho, I, ]18-
119, 189, 198, 220, 322, 32S; II,
114.
Scott, Andrew, I, 332; II, 28.
Scott, Charles, II, 177.
Scott, James, II, 304-305.
Scott, John, II, 100, 190, 238, 246,
247, 252, 254, 278-279, 290.
Scott, Thomas Baytop, I, 22, 184.
Scott, Thomas C, I, 149, 178, 184,
186, 210, 320, 321, 328, 331.
Scott, William McDowell, I, 298-
299.
Scull, James, II, 192, 200, 237, 281.
Scull, William, II, 289.
Seals, I, 150, 162, 171.
Serego, Jacob, II, 318.
Sesep, George, II, 98.
Shahaka, I, 250; II, 89.
Shannon, George, I, 248.
Shaw, Darius, I, 149; II, 198.
Shaw, John A., II, 301, 302.
Shawanees, I, 105, 166-168; II, 91.
Shell, Adam, II, 287.
Shell, Benjamin, I, 326; II, 192, 199.
Shepherd, Jacob, II, 237, 287.
Shibboleth Mine, II, 222, 275-276.
Shields, Joseph, II, 237, 288.
Shous's Mine, II, 279, 303.
Sibley, George Champlain, I, 222,
224-225, 272, 337; II, 31, 36, 197.
Sibley, John, I, 222.
Sibley, Solomon, II, 37.
Siever's Mine, II, 303.
Silvers' Mine, II, 278-279.
Simonds (Simon), Nathaniel, II,
191, 236, 286.
Simpson, George, II, 98.
Simpson, Robert, II, 190, 196.
Sims, William, II, 285.
Sinclair, John, II, 235.
Sioux, I, 118, 163, 203, 232, 248, 283-
284, 334; II, 31, 32, 201, 203, 281,
282.
Slavery, II, 127, 156, 225, 228-229,
231, 266, 307, 308-309, 314.
Sloan, Thomas, II, 235.
Small, John, I, 149, 171.
Smith, Benjamin, II, 195.
Smith, Chauncey, II, 320-322.
Smith, David, I, 286-288.
Smith, Franklin J., I, 333; II, 26.
Smith, John, II, 129.
Smith T, John, I, 26, 27, 31, 98, 109-
110, 116, 137, 145-146, 186, 194,
251-252, 270-272, 274, 280-281, 284-
285, 287-288, 289-297, 303-304, 315,
318-319, 320; II, 173, 180-183, 201,
203-204, 210-214, 222-223, 224-225,
271, 276, 277.
Smith, Joseph, II, 237, 288.
Smith, Reuben, II, 181-183.
Smith, Robert A., II, 279, 284.
Smith, Thomas, I, 327.
Smith, William, II, 233, 240, 250-
251.
Solomon, Samuel, I, 330; II, 201,
203.
Soulard, Antoine, I, 115.
Spain, boundary dispute with. I, 92,
119-120; regime in Louisiana, I,
107; Spanish inhabitants in
Louisiana, I, 241; trade, I, 231;
land law, II, 10, 48, 93; danger
of war with, II, 320.
Spear, Edward, II, 192.
Spencer, Robert, I, 328; II, 195,
236, 246, 280, 286.
Stanton, John, II, 193, 198.
Stark, Horatio, II, 83, 91.
342 The Life and Papers of Frederick Bates.
Statler, Peter, II, 192.
Stedman, Benjamin, II, 98.
Steel, Henry, II, 191.
Steele, John, I, 188.
Stephens, James, II, 197.
Stephenson, Robert M., II, 198.
Stevenson, William 0., II, 274, 281.
Steward, John, I, 331.
Stillwell, Harrold (Harold), II, 27,
30, 59, 60, 237.
Stillwell, Joseph, II, 9, 12, 30, 200.
Stoddard, Amos, I, 19.
Stone, John B., II, 238, 290, 294-
295.
Story, Joseph, II, 280.
Stringer, Daniel, II, 288.
Strother, William, II, 238, 290.
Stuart, Alexander, II, 67-68.
Stuart, J., I, 149.
Sullins, John, II, 98.
Sullivan, William, I, 322, 330.
Swan (Swon), William, II, 279.
Sydnor, Samuel B., II, 307, 308-309.
Talbert, Hail, II, 192, 196.
Tanner, Edward, II, 288.
Tazewell, Littleton Walter, II, 320.
Teague (Teaque), Pierre (Peter),
II, 26, 235, 286.
Territory of Orleans, II, 80.
Terry, Robert, II, 189.
Thibault (Tabeau, Tebo, Tibbeau,
Tebeau, Thebalt), Joseph, I, 202,
203; II, 84, 102.
Thompson, Burwell J., II, 268.
Thompson, David, I, 45.
Thompson, John Washington, II,
283, 285, 290, 291.
Thurman, John, II, 295.
Tiffin, Edward, II, 271.
Tileo, Peter, II, 240.
Tillier, Rudolph, I, 219, 224-225, 230,
247, 272.
Todd, Benjamin L., II, 314.
Tompkins, George, II, 282, 284.
Trammel, Nicholas, II, 239, 240.
Treat, John Burke, I, 344-345; II,
30, 35-36, 45, 58, 103, 114-115, 200.
Treat, Samuel, II, 114-115, 192, 200.
Trenchard, Francis, II, 199.
Trimble, Robert, II, 240.
Trimble, William, II, 240.
Trotter, James, I, 333; II, 26.
Trotter, Robert, I, 333; II, 26, 238,
290.
Tucker, John, II, 317.
Tucker, Joseph, I, 329.
Tywappity Bottom, I, 151.
Upper Louisiana, I, 19, 20-21.
Ursins, Marc Antoine de la Loere
des, 1, 276.
Valle, Jean Baptiste, I, 203; II, 32.
Valle, Joachim, I, 204; II, 32.
Vallett, B., I, 204.
Valois, Frangois, II, 27.
Van Bibber, Isaac, II, 235, 247, 286.
Vannorsdale, Simon, II, 74, 76.
Vansant, Abner, II, 234, 284.
Vaughan, Thomas, I, 285-286, 287.
Vaugine, Francis, II, 27, 30, 59, 60,
237.
Vaugine, Stephen, II, 28.
Vial, Pedro, II, 32.
Vial Expedition, I, 120.
Virginia, I, 48-49, 52.
Volunteer companies, I, 13'M33,
148-149, 187, 189, 256-257, 264, 314.
Voorhis, John, II, 28.
Wade, David, II, 190, 198.
Wages, II, 156.
Walker, John II, 237, 238, 288.
Walker, Laken, II, 235.
Wallis, Perly, II, 13, 23-24, 45-47.
Walton, Thomas H., I, 5.
War of 1812, rumors of war, II, 60;
reports on British subjects with-
in the United States, II, 232-233;
militia appointments, II, 233-239,
279-291; provisioning of troops,
II, 245-248; frontier defense, II,
249-253; suffering of Boonslick set-
tlers, II, 297.
Index.
343
Ward, John, I, 330.
Ware, Hardy, II, 269, 285.
Warner, Jabez, II, 320.
Warren, Nathaniel, II, 98.
Wash, Robert, II, 187, 191, 204, 269.
Waters, Richard H., II, 238, 288.
Waters, Richard Jones, I, 177, 208-
209, 326, 328.
Waters, Thomas Willoughby, I, 262,
264, 266.
Watson, Robert Gowie, I, 234.
Webber, William, II, 107.
Weber, John H., II, 278.
Weeds, Jonathan, I, 327.
Weeks, Thomas D. L., II, 193, 196.
Wellborn (Willborn), Curtis, II,
192, 200.
Wellborn, John, I, 325; II, 198, 317.
Wells, John, II, 240.
Wells, Joseph, II, 98.
Wells, William, II, 98.
Wescott, Robert, I, 218-219.
Westbrook, Joseph, II, 237, 288.
West Indian commerce, II, 42.
Westover, Job, II, 280, 289.
Wharton, Spencer Montague, II,
220.
Wheat, Conrad, II, 317.
Wheat, Joseph, II, 294-295.
Wherry, Mackay, I, 328, 331, 332;
II, 25, 83, 92, 195, 196.
Whetstone, David, II, 236.
White, James, II, 202.
White Hairs, I, 179.
Whitehouse, Joseph, I, 268.
Whittlesey, Joseph, I, 149, 321.
Wickham, John, I, 130.
Wideman, Francois, I, 273.
Widner, Henry, II, 192, 236.
Wilcum (Wilkham), Robert, I, 286,
288-297.
Wilkinson, Anthony, II, 280, 289.
Wilkinson, Benjamin, II, 28.
Wilkinson. James, I, 25, 98, 99. 122,
125, 127, 129-130, 146, 298, 303.
Wilkinson, Walter, II, 198.
Wilkinson, W. N., II, 266.
Willard, Alexander, I, 310-311; II,
288.
Williams, John, I, 173; II, 240.
Williams, Thomas, II, 234, 269, 285.
Williams, William, II, 249-250.
Wilson, Andrew, I, 258.
Wilson, George, II, 202-203, 258, 262,
280.
Wilson, John, II, 98.
Wilson, Nicholas, II, 222, 224, 226,
275.
Wilson, William, II, 183-184.
Winds, Joseph, II, 235.
Winnebago, I, 163.
Winsor, Christopher, I, 177.
Winsor, Elisha, I, 326; II, 237, 288.
Winsor, Thomas, II, 237, 288.
Winter, Gabriel, II, 9, 10.
Winter, William, II, 9, 10.
Wirt, William, I, 129.
Wiseman, Jonathan, II, 234.
Wood, Joseph, II, 280, 289.
Woodson, Caroline Matilda, I, 3.
Woodson, Charles, I, 3.
Woodson, Obadiah, I, 262, 264, 326,
330.
Woodson, Samuel, II, 320-322.
Woodward, Augustus Brevoort, I,
11-12, 13, 15-16, 88, 142, 146, 172-
173, 175, 299, 301-302; II, 113.
Worrell, Stephen, I, 19.
Wyandots, I, 72-73.
Wyley, Thomas, II, 238, 290.
Yardley, Joseph, II, 268, 286.
Young, Austin, II, 192, 236, 287.
Young, James C, II, 238, 290.
Young, Joseph, II, 236.
Young, Morris, II, 238, 290.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIRBANA
977.8B31L C002 V002
THE LIFE AND PAPERS OF FREDERICK BATES S
3 0112 025402899