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North Carolina Sfate Library
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M^^"^,
PUBLICATIONS
of the
State Department of Archives and History
THE PAPERS OF
WILLIE PERSON MANGUM
North Carolina State Library
Raieigh
Willie Person Mangum. From an oil portrait, painter unknown, in the possession of
Mangum Turner of Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
North Caroiina Stale Library
Raleigh
THE PAPERS OF
WILLIE PERSON MANGUM
EDITED BY
HENRY THOMAS SHANKS
Volume Four
1844<1846
Raleigrh
State Department of Archives and History
1955
f^orth Carouua i.^Je
i-ibrary
STATE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY
McDaniel Lewis, Chairman
Gertrude Sprague Carraway William Thomas Laprade
Clarence W. Griffin Mrs. Sadie Smathers Patton
Josh L. Horne Mrs. Callie Pridgen Williams
Christopher Crittenden, Director
CONTENTS
Page
Preface vii
List of Illustrations ix
A Calendar of Manuscripts in The Mangum Papers (1844-1846)
Omitted From This Volume xi
A Chronological List of Mangum Papers (1844-1846)
Included in This Volume xvii
Symbols Used to Designate The Location of Mangum Papers xxviii
The Mangum Papers 1
Index 533
PREFACE
The letters in this volume are for the years 1844-1846, years
of great optimism and great disappointment for the Whigs.
During the first nine or ten months of 1844, the Whigs were con-
fident that Clay would be elected President. His defeat in
November was a severe disappointment to them, especially to
Mangum, who, as chairman of one of the committees, helped to
direct the campaign. The letters for 1844 throw light on the
thinking and campaign methods of Mangum and his friends.
Among the revealing letters are several from Mangum himself
to his co-workers and of other important Whig leaders includ-
ing Clay himself to Mangum. Not all of the letters for 1844 are
concerned with the political campaign, but most of them are.
For the period after Clay's defeat and after Mangum gave
up his position as president pro tempore of the Senate in March,
1845, there are fewer letters. Nevertheless these throw light on
Whig reaction and activities on the issues of the day, national
and local, especially on the Texas question and Polk's financial
program.
In 1846 the number of letters increased. Many of these con-
cern the Oregon and Mexican crises. They reveal something of
the role which Whigs, such as Mangum, played in preventing a
war with England and in attempting to prevent, and, after it
started, to end the War with Mexico.
Some valuable letters from Mangum to J. Watson Webb for
the years 1842-1847 were discovered too late to include in this
and the previous volume. Along with some other papers dis-
covered after the publication of the volumes in which they
logically belonged, these letters will be included in the last one
of this series.
H. T. S.
Birmingham, Alabama
February 1, 1955
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Willie Person Mangum Frontispiece
2. United States Senate Chamber, 1844 47
3. Henry Clay 92
4. Mordecai Manuel Noah 155
5. James Watson Webb 216
6. (a) Benjamin Watkins Leigh 257
(b) William Segar Archer 257
7. William Cain, Junior 295
8. (a) Edward Stanly 373
(b) Thomas Lanier Clingman 373
9. Paul Carrington Cameron 422
10. James Turner Morehead 457
11. John Jordan Crittenden 502
A CALENDAR OF MANUSCRIPTS IN THE MANGUM
PAPERS FOR THE PERIOD 1844-1846
OMITTED FROM THIS VOLUME
1. January 6, 1844. Charles Hughes, of Marion, Alabama, to W. P.
Mangum presenting additional certificates in support of his petition
for a pension. MS in the Library of Congress.
2. January 15, 1844. William Huntington, of Marion, Alabama, to
Thomas Clancy asking him to show an enclosed letter (this en-
closed letter is not in the Mangum Papers) to his friends in Hills-
boro to fill in additional data in support of Hughes' pension claims
and send the same to W. P. Mangum. MS in the Library of Con-
gress.
3. February 22, 1844. William F. Smith, of Pleasant Hill, Wake
County, North Carolina, to W. P. Mangum asking his aid in ob-
taining a pension for Elizabeth Griffis whose husband, Joshua
Griffis, fought in the Revolutionary War. MS in the Library of
Congress.
4. February 27, 1844. H. W. Miller, president of the Wake Clay Club,
to inviting to be present April 12, 1844,
to help his club and others welcome H. Clay on his visit to Raleigh.
This letter is similar to the one published in this volume. MS in
the Library of Congress.
5. May 16, 1844. R. W. Thompson, of Terre Haute, to W. P. Mangimi
introducing Judge John Law, of Vincennes. MS in the Library of
Congress.
6. May 23, 1844. J. F. E. Hardy and others, of Asheville, to W. P.
Mangum inviting him to a Whig rally in Asheville July 4, 1844.
MS in the Library of Congress.
7. May 26, 1844. J. W. Brown to W. P. Mangimi explaining that since
his brother had to leave for the West he would be unable to accept
Mangum's invitation to dinner Monday. J. W. Brown gave his re-
turn address as Washington. MS in the Library of Congress.
8. June 9, 1844. Benjamin Drake, of New York, to W. P. Mangum
inviting him to a Whig rally in New York City, the date to be
selected at Mangum's convenience. MS in the Library of Congress.
9. June 12, 1844. James W. Pegram and others, of Richmond, Vir-
ginia, to W. P. Mangum inviting Mangum to a public dinner for
John M. Botts, June 20, 1844. MS in the Library of Congress.
10. June 19, 1844. John P. Wetherill and others, of Philadelphia, to
W. P. Mangum inviting him to a political dinner on July 4, 1844,
at Philadelphia. MS in the Library of Congress.
11. July 1, 1844. Robert B. Gilliam and others, of Granville County,
to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a Whig barbecue at Brassfields,
July 6, 1844. MS in the Library of Congress.
xi
xii Manuscript Omitted
12. July 8, 1844. A. Myers and others, of Anson County, North Caro-
lina, to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a mass Whig meeting
July 18. MS in the Library of Congress.
13. July 10, 1844. Samuel Pleasants and others, of Richmond, Virginia,
to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a political barbecue July 25 at
Howard's Grove near Richmond. MS in the Library of Congress.
14. July 13, 1844. George F. Davidson and others, of Iredell County,
to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a Whig mass meeting at States-
ville July 22. A postscript is added to explain the change of the
date from the 25th to the 22nd for W. A. Graham's convenience. MS
in the Library of Congress.
15. July 23, 1844. C. H. Wiley and others, of Granville County, to
W. P. Mangum inviting him to a Whig barbecue at Oxford July 30.
MS in the Library of Congress.
16. July 23, 1844. C. H. Wiley and others, of Granville County, to
P. H. Mangum informing him that W. P. Mangum would attend
the Whig barbecue at Oxford July 30 and inviting him to be
present. MS in the Library of Congress.
17. July 29, 1844. S. L. Venable and others, of Mecklenburg County,
Virginia, to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a mass meeting of both
parties "some day hereafter to be agreed on." MS in the Library
of Congress.
18. July 29, 1844. John C. Taylor and others, of Granville County, to
W. P. Mangum informing him that the barbecue would be given
July 30. MS in the Library of Congress.
19. August 2, 1844. M. A. Williams and others, of Franklin County, to
W. P. Mangum inviting him to attend a public discussion at Frank-
linton August 13 and 14. William H. Haywood, Geo. C. Dromgoole,
and R. M. Saunders were invited by the Democrats. MS in the
Library of Congress.
20. August 3, 1844. J. J. Daly and others, of Mecklenburg County,
Virginia, to W. P. Mangum inviting him to attend a * 'general Mass-
meeting and Whig barbacue" at South Hill July 30. MS in the
Library of Congress.
21. August 22, 1844. F. W. Venable and others, of Mecklenburg
County, Virginia, to W. P. Mangum informing him that the mass
meeting scheduled at Clarksville had been postponed to October 2.
MS in the Library of Congress.
22. August 29, 1844. Committee of Whigs of the Lynchburg Con-
gressional District to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a Whig Con-
vention at Lynchburg October 8. MS in the Library of Congress.
23. August 29, 1844. William P. Bynum and others, of the "Clay Club
of Rutherford County," North Carolina, to W. P. Mangum inviting
him to a mass meeting at Rutherfordton October 11 and 12. MS in
the Library of Congress.
Manuscript Omitted xiii
24. September 1, 1844. J. M. Leach and others, of Davidson County, to
W. P. Mangum inviting him to a ''Whig Mass Meeting'' at Lexing-
ton October 2. MS in the Library of Congress.
25. September 4, 1844. Haywood W. Guion and others, of the Second
Congressional District, to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a mass
meeting at Cowan's Ford on the Catawba River October 24 and 25.
MS in the Library of Congress.
26. September 10, 1844. James W. Osborne, H. W. Guion and others,
of the Second Congressional District, to W. P. Mangum inviting
him to speak at a mass meeting at Hickory Grove, Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina, October 24 and 25. MS in the Library of
Congress.
27. September 20, 1844. H. E. Royal and others, of Sampson County,
to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a Whig "festival" at Holly Grove
in Sampson County October 10. MS in the Library of Congress.
28. September 20, 1844. George Moore and others, of Chapel Hill sec-
tion of Orange County, to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a barbe-
cue at Captain King's muster ground on the first Saturday in
October. MS in the Library of Congress.
29. September 27, 1844. T. G. Coffin and others, of Guilford County,
to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a barbecue October 25 and 26
at Jamestown. MS in the Library of Congress.
30. September 30, 1844. R. P. Latham and others, of Craven County,
to W. P. Mangum requesting him to use his influence to obtain a
discharge from the United States Army for Henry Hinton in order
that he may help support his destitute sister and brother. MS in
the Library of Congress.
31. October 3, 1844. Grisham Choise and others, of Franklin County,
to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a barbecue at A. S. Brooks' in
Franklin County October 18. MS in the Library of Congress.
32. October 3, 1844. James G. Stanly and others, of New Bern, to
W. P. Mangum inviting him to a "Whig Mass Meeting" at New
Bern October 22. MS in the Library of Congress.
33. October 6, 1844. David A. Barnes and others, of Northampton
County, to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a Whig "mass meeting"
at Jackson November 1. MS in the Library of Congress.
34. October 14, 1844. P. Hamilton and others, of Granville County, to
W. P. Mangum inviting him to a Whig meeting at Williamsboro
October 30 and 31. MS in the Library of Congress.
35. October 22, 1844. M. Campbell, of Statesville, to W. P. Mangum
requesting his assistance to obtain the pension papers of Isaac
Marshall, a Revolutionary soldier. MS in the Library of Congress.
36. October 26, 1844. J. H. Haughton and others, of Chatham County,
to W. P. Mangum inviting him to a Whig mass meeting at Pitts-
boro November 2. MS in the Library of Congress.
xiv Manuscript Omitted
37. October 26, 1844. Jesse P. Smith, of Chapel Hill, to W. P. Mangum
inviting him to address the two literary societies of the University
at the commencement of 1845. Mangum had not replied to a similar
letter written in August. MS in the Library of Congress.
38. November 7, 1844. E. H. Carrington, of Adair County, Kentucky,
to W. P. Mangum requesting information about the wills and dis-
tribution of the property of John Lay, Sr., and Thomas Sellers,
Sr., deceased. MS in the Library of Congres.
39. November 16, 1844. Charles Hughes, of Marion, Alabama, to W. P.
Mangum giving information to support his claim for a pension for
service in the Revolution. MS in the Library of Congress.
40. December 10, 1844. William B. Hawkins, of Memphis, to W. P.
Mangum asking his assistance to obtain an appointment in the
navy. MS in the Library of Congress.
41. December 26, 1844 or 1845. Memucan Hunt, of Texas, to W. P.
Mangum introducing Colonel Thomas William Ward, commissioner
general of the land office of Texas, who planned to visit New York.
MS in the Library of Congress.
42. January 9, 1845. Thomas E. Clinton, of Washington, to W. P.
Mangum inviting Mangum and his friends to see his "gun fired and
Mr. Von Schmidt's Steamboat run by a new propeller." MS in the
Library of Congress.
43. January 30, 1845. E. D. Bullock, of Mobile, to W. P. Mangum, re-
questing his assistance with the General Land Office to obtain a
patent for his client, James T. Vivian. Major Harris committed
suicide December 16 or 17, 1844. MS in the Library of Congress.
44. January, 1845. Samuel Smith, of Hillsboro, to W. P. Mangimi
requesting his assistance in obtaining a pension for his father's
Revolutionary services. MS in the Library of Congress.
45. February 1, 1845. J. A. Spencer, of New York, to W. P. Mangimi
introducing General Leavenworth, who planned to visit Washing-
ton and the South. MS in the Library of Congress.
46. February 18, 1845. James L. Gillespie, of Oxford, North Carolina,
to W. P. Mangum requesting a copy of a map of Texas printed by
the Senate. MS in the Library of Congress.
47. February 28, 1845. Thomas Turner, of Windsor, to W. P. Mangum
requesting his assistance in obtaining a pension for his uncle,
Benaiah Turner, who was in the Revolutionary War. MS in the
Library of Congress.
48. March 11, 1845. Statement of Sally Walker, no place, asking
Henry Weatherspoon to settle her account of $12 with Hugh
Woods. MS in the Library of Congress.
49. April 23, 1845. Charles Hughes, of Marion, Alabama, to W. P.
Mangum about his pension request. MS in the Library of Congress.
Manuscript Omitted xv
50. August 25, 1845. Charles Hughes, of Marion, Alabama, to W. P.
Mangum requesting him to return a letter he sent Mangum and
W. A. Graham about his pension claims. MS in the Library of
Congress.
51. October 27, 1845. R. Haywood, of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to W. P.
Mangum requesting his assistance in obtaining an appointment for
A. D. Hughes to West Point. MS in the Library of Congress.
52. November 1, 1845. Hugh Waddell, of Hillsboro, to W. P. Mangum
asking for letters of recommendation for Mrs. Benjamin Rounsa-
ville, who planned to move to Arkansas. MS in the Library of Con-
gress.
53. November 28, 1845. Petition of Mary A. Bland, of Orange County,
North Carolina, to the House of Representatives of the United
States certifying that she was the only heir of William Hendricks,
and asking for a donation of land for his Revolutionary services.
MS in the Library of Congress.
54. December 5, 1845. James A. Cain, of Ruffins Mills, North Carolina,
to W. P. Mangum about the claims of Mary A. Bland for Revolu-
tionary bounty land of her uncle, Captain William Hendricks. MS
in the Library of Congress.
55. December 22, 1845. A copy in Mangum's handwriting of a letter
of Alexander F. Vache to W. P. Mangum. The original is included
in this publication. MS of the copy in Mangimi's handwriting is
in the Library of Congress.
56. January 5, 1846. Charles R. Eaton, of Granville County, to W. P.
Mangum asking him to pay for his subscription for the Weekly
Union and National Intelligencer. MS in the Library of Congress.
57. January 30, 1846. James A. Cain, of Rufiins Mills, North Carolina,
to T. L. and A. Thomas Smith, Washington, D. C, about the pension
claims of James Cain for his Revolutionary services. Included is
a certificate of William F. Collins, comptroller, Raleigh, on the rec-
ords in his office for James Cain's pension. MSS in the Library of
Congress.
58. February 17, 1846. J. W. Norwood, of Hillsboro, to W. P. Mangum
asking assistance for pension claims of Mary Bland. He also en-
closes a statement of the relation of Mary Bland to William Hend-
ricks, who originally came from Pennsylvania. MS in the Library
of Congress.
59. February 21, 1846. J. H. Kirkland, Raleigh, to W. P. Mangum ask-
ing assistance to obtain reimbursement for his mother-in-law, Mrs.
Sarah Bass, for the Revolutionary services of her father. MS in
the Library of Congress.
60. March 12, 1846. Samuel Smith, Hillsboro, to W. P. Mangum ask-
ing assistance for obtaining a pension for his father for his Rev-
olutionary service. MS in the Library of Congress.
xvi Manuscript Omitted
61. John C. B. Ehringhaus, Elizabeth City, North Carolina, to Asa
Biggs asking his assistance for Carl Hinricks, Ehringhaus' brother-
in-law and a New York City merchant, who seeks a patent for a
friend. MS in the Library of Congress.
62. March 25, 1846. Mary G. Young to W. P. Mangum asking assist-
ance to obtain a pension for the Revolutionary service of her
father, William Christian. MS in the Library of Congress.
63. April 20, 1846. John F. Poindexter, Germanton, North Carolina,
to W. P. Mangum asking his assistance in obtaining a West Point
appointment for Reuben D. Golding, of Germanton. MS in the
Library of Congress.
64. April 23, 1846. T. L. Clingman, Morganton, to W. P. Mangum in-
troducing a friend, D. John Dickson, of Buncombe County, who
"is on his way north." MS in the Library of Duke University.
65. April 25, 1846. Joseph P. Santmyer, Alleghany County, Maryland,
to W. P. Mangum inviting him to become a member of the Mt.
Savage Mechanical Lyceum. MS in the Library of Congress.
66. May 6, 1846. W. A. Duer, Morristown, N. J., to W. P. Mangum
asking his support for a position of regent of the Smithsonian In-
stitute. MS in the Library of Congress.
67. May 29, 1846. Thomas Russell and others, Harpers Ferry, Virginia,
to W. P. Mangum asking him to deliver an oration on July 4 for
the Virginia Lodge No. 1 of the I.O.O.F. MS in the Library of Con-
gress.
68. July 21, 1846. Charles Paist, Wittenberg College, Springfield,
Ohio, to W. P. Mangum informing him that the Excelsior Society
had elected Mangum an honorary member. MS in the Library of
Congress.
69. July 31, 1846. John Peabody to W. P. Mangum and other members
of Congress to accept Miss Woodside, Peabody's wife's aunt, as
housekeeper. She lived on Missouri Avenue in Washington. MS
in the Duke University Library.
70. July, 1846. Invitation of Thomas B. Bailey and others, of Hills-
boro, to Martha Mangum to a "party," July 31, 1846. MS in the
Library of Congress.
71. August 2, 1846. Martin Stevenson and others, New Bern, North
Carolina, to W. P. Mangum asking him to speak October 28 at the
dedication of the "New Hall" of the Eureka Lodge No. 7, I.O.O.F.,
at New Bern. MS in the Library of Congress.
72. September 13, 1846. Alexander C. Blount, New Bern, to W. P.
Mangum renewing the request in the preceding letter (no. 69).
MS in the Library of Congress.
73. November 7, 1846. William D. Cooke and others, Raleigh, to W. P.
Mangum inviting him to deliver an address to the Manteo Lodge
No. 8, 1.O.O.F., at a date convenient to Mangum. MS in the Library
of Congress.
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST
of the
MANGUM PAPERS (1844-1846) INCLUDED
IN THIS VOLUME
[1844,
Jan.
2.]
1844,
Jan.
5.
1844,
Jan.
5.
1844,
Jan.
6.
1844,
Jan.
8.
1844,
Jan.
8.
1844,
Jan.
8.
[1844,
]Jan.
8.
1844,
Jan.
9.
1844,
Jan.
12.
[1844,
Jan.
12.]
1844,
Jan.
17.
1844,
Jan.
18.
1844,
Jan.
19.
1844,
Jan.
19.
1844,
Jan.
19.
1844,
Jan.
21.
1844,
Jan.
22.
1844,
Jan.
23.
1844,
Jan.
27.
1844,
Jan.
27.
1844,
Jan.
28.
1844,
Jan.
28.
1844,
Jan.
29.
1844,
Jan.
29.
1844,
Feb.
3.
1844,
Feb.
3.
1844,
Feb.
4.
1844,
Feb.
7.
1844,
Feb.
9.
1844,
Feb.
10.
1844,
Feb.
10.
PAGE
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum .... 1
C. H. Wiley to Willie P. Mangum 1
Perley S. Chase to Willie P. Mangum
and Enclosure 3
L. W. Wilson to Willie P. Mangum 5
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum 7
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum 8
Willie P. Mangum to Daniel Webster .... 9
Daniel Webster to Willie P. Mangum .... 9
John McLean to Willie P. Mangum 10
Charles F. Mayer to J. McPherson
Berrien 11
J. Watson Webb to W. H. Morrell 13
Henry L. Brooke & others to Willie P.
Mangum 15
Hugh Waddell to Willie P. Mangum 16
William Cain, III, to Willie P. Mangum 17
Thomas Kirkpatrick to Willie P.
Mangum and Enclosure 18
David L. Swain to Willie P. Mangum .... 23
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A.
Mangum 25
George Constantine Collins to Willie P.
Mangum 25
B. B. Blume to Willie P. Mangum 27
Willie P. Mangum to David L. Swain .... 28
Spencer O'Brien to Willie P. Mangimi .. 29
H. P. Hunt to Willie P. Mangum 31
John M. Clayton to Willie P. Mangum
with Enclosure 32
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Man-
gum 34
Thomas Kirkpatrick to Willie P.
Mangum 35
Daniel Webster to Willie P. Mangum .... 36
Josiah Randall to Willie P. Mangum 37
Lewis Thompson to Willie P. Mangum .. 37
Washington Hunt to Willie P. Mangum
with Enclosure 38
Asa Pedington to Willie P. Mangum .... 40
Willie P. Mangum to Paul C. Cameron .. 41
Robert Ransom to Willie P. Mangum .... 43
XVlll
Chronological List of Papers
1844
Feb.
14.
1844
Feb.
15.
1844
Feb.
15.
1844
Feb.
15.
1844
Feb.
17.
1844
Feb.
22.
1844
Feb.
22.
1844
Feb.
23.
1844
Feb.
24.
1844
Feb.
26.
1844
Feb.
27.
1844
Feb.
27.
1844
Feb.
27.
1844
Mar.
2.
1844
Mar.
4.
1844
, Mar.
6.
[1844,
Mar.
9.]
1844
Mar.
11.
[1844,
Mar.
13.]
1844
Mar.
14.
1844
Mar.
15.
1844
Mar.
16.
[1844,
Mar.
17.]
1844
Mar.
18.
1844
Mar.
18.
[1844,
Mar.
18.]
1844
Mar.
20.
1844
Mar.
23.
1844
Mar.
25.
1844
Mar.
27.
1844
Mar.
28.
1844
Mar.
29.
1844
Mar.
30.
[1844,
Mar.-
June.]
1844
April
2.
1844
April
3.
1844
, April
3.
1844
April
5.
PAGE
Walter Lenox & others to Willie P.
Mangum 44
Horace T. Royster to Willie P. Mangum 45
Calvin Colton to Willie P. Mangum .... 47
Thurlow Weed to Willie P. Mangum .... 48
William A. Graham to Willie P. Mangum 49
Henry W. Miller to Willie P. Mangum .. 50
Washington Hunt to Willie P. Mangum 51
James William McCulloh to Willie P.
Mangum 51
Septimus Tuston to Willie P. Mangum .. 53
Willie P. Mangum to W. A. Graham 53
Memucan Hunt to Willie P. Mangum .... 57
H. W. Miller to 58
George Wallace McGiffin & others to
Willie P. Mangum 58
Samuel S. Phelps to Willie P. Mangum 59
O. H. Tiffany to Willie P. Mangum 59
Isaac N. Jones to Willie P. Mangum 60
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum .... 61
W. J. Bingham to Willie P. Mangum .... 61
J. Watson Webb to Messrs. Willie P.
Mangum & J. T. Morehead 62
M. H. Grinnell to J. Watson Webb 64
Joseph L. Tillinghast to Willie P.
Mangum 65
Willie P. Mangimi to John M. Clayton .. 65
William B. Reed to Willie P. Mangum
and Enclosure 68
S. H. Harris to Willie P. Mangum 70
Joseph Ridgway to Willie P. Mangum .... 72
J. R. Lambdin to Willie P. Mangum 72
George Constantine Collins to
Willie P. Mangum 73
Reverdy Johnson to Willie P. Mangum 74
Willie P. Mangum and James T. More-
head to John M. Clayton 75
Memucan Hunt to Willie P. Mangum .... 76
B. W. Leigh to Willie P. Mangum 79
Robert B. Gilliam to Willie P. Mangum .. 84
John M. Clayton to Willie P. Mangum .... 85
Willie P. Mangum & others to
Asbury Dickins 87
R. H. Atwell to Willie P. Mangum 88
T. Hamer to Willie P. Mangimi 88
G. C. Collins to Willie P. Mangum 89
Reverdy Johnson to Willie P. Mangum 92
Chronological List of Papers
XIX
1844,
April
6.
[1844,
April
6 or 13]
1844,
April
11.
1844,
April
12.
1844,
April
12.
1844,
April
13.
1844,
April
13.
1844,
April
14.
1844,
April
17.
1844,
April
17.
1844,
April
18.
1844,
April
19.
1844,
April
20.
1844,
April
20.
1844,
April
22.
1844,
April
23.
1844,
April
23.
1844,
April
23.
1844,
April
24.
1844,
April
27.
1844,
April
29.
1844,
April
29.
[1844,
1 April
30.
1844,
May
2.
1844,
May
5.
1844,
May
23.
1844,
May
27.
1844,
May
29.
1844,
June
1.
1844,
June
6.
1844,
June
7.
1844,
June
7.
1844,
June
7.
1844,
June
8.
[1844,
June
10.]
1844,
June
12.
[1844,
June.]
1844,
June
13.
1844,
June
15.
1844,
June
29.
PAGE
William Hay den to Willie P. Mangum .... 92
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum .. 94
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangimi .... 95
John B. Thompson to Willie P.
Mangum 96
John T. Towers to Willie P. Mangum .... 98
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum .... 99
James Webb to Willie P. Mangum 101
Henry Clay to Willie P. Mangum 102
B. W. Leigh to Willie P. Mangum 103
Richard H. Atwell to Willie P. Mangum 104
Memucan Hunt to Willie P. Mangum .... 106
James R. Wood to Willie P. Mangum .... 107
Edward S. Tod to Major W. B. Morris &
others 108
A. W. Gay to Willie P. Mangum Ill
B. W. Leigh to Willie P. Mangum 114
C. F. Welles, Jr., to Willie P. Mangum .... 115
Wesley Hollister to Willie P. Mangum .. 117
B. L. White to Willie P. Mangum 118
John Walker to Willie P. Mangum 119
Lewis Eaton to Willie P. Mangum 119
Mica j ah Mangum to Willie P. Mangum 120
William Kinney to Willie P. Mangum .... 121
S. P. Walker to Willie P. Mangum 122
P. U. Murphey to Willie P. Mangum .... 123
Isaac N. Jones to Willie P. Mangum 124
J. H. Haughton to Willie P. Mangum .... 125
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Man-
gum 127
Willie P. Mangum to Priestley H. Man-
gum 127
William S. Ransom to Willie P. Mangum 129
J. R. Lambdin to Willie P. Mangum .... 131
Willis Hall to Willie P. Mangum 132
Circular letter of Augustus Reese and
others to Willie P. Mangum 133
Henry Clay to Willie P. Mangum 134
Printed circular from Vandalia Com-
mittee to Willie P. Mangum 134
William Stevens to Willie P. Mangum .... 135
James W. Pegram & others to Willie P.
Mangum 136
W. S. Archer to Willie P. Mangum 137
R. B. Gilliam to Willie P. Mangum 138
B. B. Blume to Willie P. Mangum 139
S. A. Wales to Willie P. Mangum 140
XX
Chronological List of Papers
1844,
June
29.
[1844,
July.
]
1844,
July
1.
1844,
July
1.
1844,
July
4.
1844,
July
8.
1844,
July
9.
1844,
July
10.
1844,
July
12.
1844,
July
14.
1844
1844
1844
1844
1844
1844
1844
1844
1844
1844
1844
July 15.
July 23.
July 25.
July 27.
July 27.
Aug. 4.
1844,
Aug.
5.
[1844,
]Aug.
7.
1844,
Aug.
8.
1844,
Aug.
9.
1844,
Aug.
15.
1844,
Aug.
15.
1844,
Aug.
16.
1844,
Aug.
20.
1844,
Aug.
21.
1844,
Aug.
21.
1844,
Sept.
8.
1844,
Sept.
9.
1844,
Sept.
10.
[1844,
Sept.
11.]
Sept. 11.
Sept. 12.
Sept. 16.
Sept. 17.
Sept. 17.
George S. Yerby to Willie P. Mangum ....
Questions asked to the Candidates at
Anderson Court House on Sale Day
in June
Robert B. Gilliam to Willie P. Mangum
John Cameron to Willie P. Mangum
Richard Hines to [Willie P. Mangum] ....
Jonathan Worth to Willie P. Mangum ....
S. Starkweather to Willie P. Mangum ..
John M. Morehead to Willie P. Mangum
John Kerr to Willie P. Mangum
R. W. Lassiter et als. to Willie P. Man-
gum
Charles E. Russ et als. to Willie P. Man-
gum
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum ..
J. M. Edwards to Willie P. Mangum
John B. Bobbitt to Sally Mangum
Daniel R. Goodloe to William P. Man-
gum ,
Thomas K. Thomas to Willie P. Man-
gum
S. H. Harris to Willie P. Mangum
P. C. Cameron to Willie P. Mangum
Robert Ransom to Willie P. Mangum ....
S. Starkweather to Willie P. Mangum ..
Henry E. Rochester to Willie P. Mangum
Jesse P. Smith to Willie P. Mangum ....
Henry E. Rochester to Willie P. Mangum
David L. Swain to Willie P. Mangum ....
B. S. Gaither & others to Willie P. Man-
gum
Nathan Sargent to Willie P. Mangum ....
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum ..
Hamilton C. Jones to Willie P. Mangum
Colin Mclver to Willie P. Mangum
Thomas Williams, Jr., and others to
Willie P. Mangum
Henry Clay to Willie P. Mangum and
Enclosure
Robert Ransom to Willie P. Mangum ....
Circular of Maine Whig State Central
Committee
Nathaniel J. Palmer to Willie P. Man-
gum
John Sergeant and others to Willie P.
Mangum
PAGE
. 141
Chronological List of Papers
XXI
[1844, Sept. 27.]
1844, Sept. 29.
1844, Sept. 30.
1844, Oct. 1.
1844, Oct. 2.
1844, Oct. 7.
1844, Oct. 9.
1844,
Oct.
11.
1844,
Oct.
13.
1844,
Oct.
13.
1844,
Oct.
15.
1844,
Oct.
15.
1844,
Oct.
18.
1844,
Oct.
18.
1844,
Nov.
11.
1844,
Nov.
12.
1844, Nov. 12.
1844, Nov. 29.
1844, Dec. 2.
[1844, Dec. 2.]
1844,
Dec.
2.
1844,
Dec.
2.
[1844,] Dec.
3.
1844,
Dec.
3.
1844,
Dec.
10.
1844,
Dec.
14.
1844,
Dec.
14.
1844,
Dec.
17.
[1844,
Dec.
19.]
1844,
Dec.
20.
1844,
Dec.
26.
1844,
Dec.
30.
1844,
Dec.
31.
[1844]
1845,
Jan.
2.
1845,
Jan.
5.
1845,
Jan.
9.
PAGE
R. J. IVEitchell to Willie P. Mangum 198
David Lambert to Willie P. Mangum .... 199
S. Starkweather to Willie P. Mangum .... 201
John H. Pleasants and others to Willie
P. Mangum 201
A. M. Burton to Willie P. Mangum 203
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum .. 205
Walter A. Mangum to Priestley H. Man-
gum 207
William Churchill to Willie P. Mangum 208
S. Starkweather to Willie P. Mangum .. 209
James C. Mangham to Willie P. Man-
gum 210
James Auchincloss to Willie P. Mangum 213
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum .... 214
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum .... 216
Willie P. Mangum to Albert B. Dodd .... 217
Dennis Heartt to Willie P. Mangum 218
Thomas L. Ragsdale to Willie P. Man-
gum 220
Walter R. Johnson to Willie P. Mangum 221
J. C. Barrett to Willie P. Mangum 222
Charles Gibbons to Willie P. Mangum .... 223
William H. Haywood, Jr., to Willie P.
Mangum 223
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum .... 224
C. L. Hinton to Willie P. Mangum 226
Daniel R. Goodloe to Willie P. Mangum 226
D. L. Swain to Willie P. Mangum and
Enclosure 227
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum .... 229
William Prescott to Willie P. Mangum .. 230
Charity A. Mangum to Willie P. Man-
gum 231
E. D. Bullock to Willie P. Mangum 233
B. HI. Kosciuszko to Willie P. Mangum 235
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum ..237
Robert W. Alston to Willie P. Mangum ..237
Willie P. Mangum to Sally, Patty, and
Mary Mangum 239
Willie P. Mangum to David Lowrie
Swain and Enclosure 240
Sketch of Willie P. Mangum 242
Willie P. Mangum to D. Francis Bacon .. 244
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum .... 245
William S. Mullens to Willie P. Man-
gum 246
XXll
Chronological List of Papers
1845, Jan. 10.
1845
1845
[1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
[1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
1845
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
11.
14.
Jan. 15.
Jan. 16.
18.
19.
21.
Jan. 21.
Jan. 30.
Feb. 5.
Feb. 8.
1845,
Feb.
10.
1845,
Feb.
10.
[1845,
Feb.
13.]
1845,
Feb.
15.
1845,
Feb.
19.
1845,
Feb.
19.
1845,
Feb.
20.
1845,
Feb.
21.
1845,
Feb.
21.
1845,
Feb.
24.
1845,
Feb.
25.
1845,
Feb.
28.
1845,
Mar.
1.
Mar. 3.
Mar. 7.]
Mar. 11.
Mar. 13.
Mar. 16.
Mar. 19.
Mar. 19.
April 29.
May 3.
May 16.
May 17.
PAGE
Edmund Pendleton Gaines to Willie P.
Mangum 247
Willie P. Mangum to D. Francis Bacon .. 250
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Man-
gum 251
Reverdy Johnson to Willie P. Mangum .. 253
D. Francis Bacon to Willie P. Mangum .. 254
William H. Battle to Willie P. Mangum 254
C. L. Hinton to Willie P. Mangum 255
George E. Badger to Willie P. Mangum 256
Willie P. Mangum to Patty Mangum .... 257
Redwood Fisher to Willie P. Mangum .. 258
Samuel B. Williams to Willie P. Man-
gum 259
William G. Cochran to Willie P. Man-
gum 260
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum .... 261
Louisa S. Childs to Willie P. Mangimi .. 262
W. A. Graham to Willie P. Mangum and
Enclosure 263
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum .... 264
Quinby Williams to Willie P. Mangum 266
Tod R. Caldwell to Willie P. Mangum .... 266
Willie P. Mangum to Tod R. Caldwell .. 267
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum .. 270
Willie P. Mangum to William A. Gra-
ham 271
C. N. B. Evans to Willie P. Mangum .... 273
Calvin Colton to Willie P. Mangum .... 274
Thomas Ruffin to Willie P. Mangum .... 274
James Cass Williams to Willie P. Man-
gum 276
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Man-
gum 277
J. Whitehorne to Willie P. Mangum .... 277
Stephen Moore to Willie P. Mangum .... 278
Thomas L. Ragsdale to Willie P. Man-
gum 279
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Man-
gum 280
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum .. 281
William S. G. Brown to Willie P. Man-
gum 285
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum .. 286
E. D. Bullock to Willie P. Mangum 288
Nathan Sargent to Willie P. Mangum .... 290
John T. Towers to Willie P. Mangum .... 291
Chronological List of Papers
XXlll
1845,
June
4.
1845,
June
7.
1845,
June
11.
1845,
June
30.
1845,
July-
8.
1845,
July
8.
1845,
July
24.
1845,
Aug.
2.
[1845,
Aug.]
[1845,
]Aug.
3.
1845,
Aug.
1845,
Aug.
21.
1845,
Sept.
13.
1845,
Sept.
15.
1845,
Sept.
16.
1845,
Oct.
1.
1845,
Oct.
3.
1845,
Oct.
5.
1845,
Oct.
7.
1845,
Oct.
8.
[1845,
Oct.
25.]
1845,
Nov.
15.
1845,
Nov.
22.
1845,
Dec.
1.
1845,
Dec.
1.
1845,
Dec.
4.
1845,
Dec.
4.
1845,
Dec.
7.
[1845,
Dec.
15.]
1845,
Dec.
16.
1845,
Dec.
16.
1845,
Dec.
17.
1845,
Dec.
18.
1845,
Dec.
20.
1845,
Dec.
22.
1845,
Dec.
22.
PAGE
George H. Colton to Willie P. Mangum 293
D. M. Barringer to Willie P. Mangum .... 295
Daniel R. Goodloe to Willie P. Man-
gum 295
James Webb to Willie P. Mangum 296
Samuel Martin to Willie P. Mangum .... 297
Charles Manly to Willie P. Mangum .... 298
P. H. Mangum to Ellison G. Mangum .. 299
William K. Ruffin to Willie P. Mangum 301
John Cameron to Willie P. Mangum 302
Thomas F. Davis to Willie P. Mangum .. 306
E. W. Hall and others to Willie P. Man-
gum 307
William Piper to Willie P. Mangum 308
Henry Clay to P. Henry Langdon 309
J. Pope, Jr., and others to Willie P.
Mangum 310
John H. Young to Willie P. Mangum .... 312
Samuel Winfree and John M. Sheppard
to Willie P. Mangum 313
William Hickey to Willie P. Mangum .... 314
T. L. Clingman to Willie P. Mangum .... 315
J. S. Skinner to Willie P. Mangum 317
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum 318
Thomas J. Green To The Electors Of The
Western Congressional District Of The
State Of Texas 319
James P. Scales & others to Willie P.
Mangum 324
Willie P. Mangum to William A. Gra-
ham 325
Joseph B. Hinton to Willie P. Mangum .. 326
John Minge to Willie P. Mangum 327
A. W. Gay to Willie P. Mangum 329
Thomas J. Green to Willie P. Mangum ..331
Willie P. Mangum to Asbury Dickins .... 333
D. Clapp to Willie P. Mangum 333
Charles G. Percival to Willie P. Man-
gum 334
Report of the Work of the Whig Re-
publican Association 335
W. G. E. Agnew et als. to Willie P. Man-
gum 336
Thurlow Weed to Willie P. Mangum .... 337
P. U. Murphey to Willie P. Mangum .... 338
Alexander F. Vache to Willie P. Man-
gum 339
Daniel Mallory to Willie P. Mangimi .... 340
XXIV
Chronological List of Papers
1845, Dec. 24.
1845,
Dec.
26.
1846,
Jan.
1.
1846,
Jan.
4.
1846,
Jan.
5.
1846,
Jan.
5.
1846,
Jan.
6.
[1846,
Jan.
8.]
1846,
Jan.
10.
[1846,
Jan.
10.]
1846,
Jan.
10.
1846,
Jan.
13.
1846,
Jan.
14.
1846,
Jan.
16.
1846,
Jan.
19.
1846,
Jan.
19.
1846,
Jan.
19.
1846,
Jan.
22.
1846,
Jan.
22.
[1846,
Jan.
24.]
1846,
Jan.
27.
1846,
Jan.
27.
1846,
Jan.
30.
1846,
Jan.
31.
[1846,
Jan.]
1846,
Feb.
2.
1846,
Feb.
2.
1846,
Feb.
5.
1846,
Feb.
6.
1846,
Feb.
13.
1846,
Feb.
14.
1846,
Feb.
14.
[1846,
Feb.
16.]
[1846,
]Feb.
16.
1846,
Feb.
17.
1846,
Feb.
19.
1846,
Feb.
21.
1846,
Feb.
21.
1846,
Feb.
23.
PAGE
"A True American" to Willie P. Man-
gum 342
Willie P. Mangum to James K. Polk .... 344
Willie P. Mangum to Sally, Patty, and
Mary Mangum 344
James Cooper to Willie P. Mangum .... 345
Francis B. Whiting to Willie P. Mangum 346
Willie P. Mangum to Sally A. Mangum .. 347
Samuel Martin to Willie P. Mangum .... 348
W. Claiborne to Willie P. Mangum .... 349
George W. Jones to Willie P. Mangum .. 350
J. R. Creecy to Willie P. Mangum 351
Thomas J. Green To The People Of
Texas 352
John M. Botts to Willie P. Mangum .... 363
Henry M. Bickel to Willie P. Mangum .. 364
William H. Haywood, Jr., to Willie P.
Mangum 365
John Hill to Willie P. Mangum 365
J. C. Clark to Willie P. Mangum 366
Thurlow Weed to Willie P. Mangum .... 368
C. P. Kingsbury to Willie P. Mangum .... 369
Abraham W. Venable to Willie P. Man-
gum 372
J. S. Skinner to Willie P. Mangum 373
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum .... 373
J. R. Lambdin to Willie P. Mangum .... 375
Priestley H. Mangum to Willie P. Man-
gum 376
Willie P. Mangum to Willie A. Graham 378
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum 379
R. W. Brown to Willie P. Mangum 379
James Manney to Willie P. Mangum .... 381
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum 383
Gouverneur Kemble to Charles Fisher 384
John D. Hawkins to Willie P. Mangum 386
William Gibbs McNeill to Willie P.
Mangum 388
Note of Willie P. Mangum on the "His-
tory of Ivory Crucifix" 389
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum .... 390
William Hooper to Willie P. Mangum .... 391
J. Whitehorne to Willie P. Mangum 392
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum 393
T. L. Clingman to Willie P. Mangum .... 395
Daniel S. Hill to Willie P. Mangum 396
Washington Hunt to Willie P. Mangum .. 398
Chronological List of Papers
XXV
[1846
1846
Feb. 25.]
1846,
Feb.
27.
1846,
Mar.
4.
1846,
Mar.
14.
1846,
Mar.
16.
1846,
Mar.
17.
1846,
Mar.
20.
1846,
Mar.
21.
1846,
Mar.
21.
1846,
Mar.
21.
1846,
Mar.
24.
1846,
Mar.
26.
1846,
Mar.
28.
1846,
April
6.
1846,
April
7.
1846,
April
8.
1846,
April
8.
1846,
April
9.
1846,
April
10.
1846,
April
23.
1846,
April
26.
1846,
April
27.
1846,
April
28.
1846,
May-
7
1846,
May
11
1846,
May
15
1846,
May
16
1846,
May
20
1846,
May
22
1846,
May
22
[1846]
1846,
May
25
1846,
May
27
June 4.
1846,
June
5
1846,
June
6
1846,
June
8
1846,
June
11
1846,
June
12
PAGE
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum .... 399
William B. Lewis to Willie P. Mangum 399
Henry W. Moncure et als. to Willie P.
Mangum 400
Samuel F. Man to Willie P. Mangum .... 402
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Man-
gum 403
Samuel F. Man to Willie P. Mangum .... 405
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum 407
Samuel F. Man to Willie P. Mangum .... 409
William Albright to Willie P. Mangum 410
John G. Roulhac to Willie P. Mangum ..411
George C. Collins to Willie P. Mangum .. 412
*'A True Whig" to Willie P. Mangum .... 414
D. Francis Bacon to Willie P. Mangum 417
William G. Webster to Willie P. Man-
gum 419
John Hogan to Willie P. Mangum 419
William H. Thomas to Willie P. Mangum 421
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum .. 422
Louis Thompson to Willie P. Mangum .... 423
Willie P. Mangum to D. Francis Bacon .. 424
John Cameron [?] to Willie P. Mangum 425
A. H. Shepperd to Willie P. Mangum .... 428
L. D. Dewey to Willie P. Mangum 430
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangimi 430
John Cameron to Willie P. Mangum .... 432
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Man-
gum 434
Elipht. Nott to Willie P. Mangum 435
Fabius Stanly to Willie P. Mangum 437
A. H. Shepperd to Willie P. Mangum .. 438
James S. Russell to Willie P. Mangum .. 440
James Linch et als. to Willie P. Mangum 440
Thomas G. Polk to Willie P. Mangum .. 442
O. F. Long to Willie P. Mangum 443
Willie P. Mangimi to the Secretary of
the Navy 444
Willie P. Mangimi to Charity A. Man-
gum 445
J. R. Greecy to Willie P. Mangum 445
Willie P. Mangum to Messrs. Gales &
Seaton 447
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum 448
Willie P. Mangum & W. S. Archer to
James Watson Webb 449
Thomas J. Green to Willie P. Mangum 451
XXVI
Chronological List of Papers
1846, June 22.
[1846, June 22.]
1846, June 29.
1846, July 8.
1846, July 14.
1846, July 17.
1846, July 20.
1846, July 20.
1846, July 24.
1846, July 28.
1846,
July
31.
1846,
Aug.
2.
1846,
Aug.
4.
1846,
Aug.
4.
[1846,
Aug.
8.]
1846,
Aug.
12.
1846,
Aug.
19.
1846,
Aug.
24.
1846,
Aug.
25.
1846,
Aug.
25.
1846,
Sept.
9.
1846,
Sept.
17.
1846,
Sept.
22.
1846,
Sept.
22.
1846,
Oct.
1.
1846,
Oct.
16.
1846,
Oct.
23.
1846,
Oct.
24.
1846,
Oct.
26.
1846,
Oct.
31.
1846,
Nov.
2.
1846,
Nov.
1846,
Nov.
8.
1846,
Nov.
17.
1846,
Nov.
20.
1846,
Nov.
20.
PAGE
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Man-
gum 451
Josiah Randall to Willie P. Mangum .... 452
Willie P. Mangum to Messrs. Gales &
Seaton 453
Dudley Selden to Willie P. Mangum .... 454
George Constantine Collins to Willie
P. Mangum 455
William H. Thomas to Willie P. Man-
gum and Enclosure 457
Jo. H. Jacobs to Willie P. Mangum 459
Charles Miner to William A. Graham .... 460
J. W. Carr to Willie P. Mangum and
Enclosure , 464
Benjamin Coleman to Willie P. Man-
gum 466
P. U. Murphey to Willie P. Mangum .... 467
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum 468
Abram R. Laurence to Willie P. Man-
gum 470
A. G. Hodges to Willie P. Mangum 471
Benjamin H. Brewster to Willie P.
Mangum , 472
Asa Whitney to Willie P. Mangum 474
James Auchincloss to Willie P. Man-
gum 474
John B. Fry to Willie P. Mangum 476
T. L. Clingman to Willie P. Mangum .... 476
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum .. 479
John Wilson to Willie P. Mangum 482
John Hogan to Willie P. Mangum 492
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum .. 493
Weston R. Gales to WilHe P. Mangum .. 496
Charles Nichols to Willie P. Mangum .. 497
N. Sargent to Willie P. Mangum 498
John B. Fry to Willie P. Mangum 499
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum .. 500
Henry A. S. Dearborn to Willie P. Man-
gum and Enclosures 502
Thomas J. Green to Willie P. Mangum 511
J. H. Clay Mudd to Willie P. Mangum .... 512
P. C. Cameron to Willie P. Mangimi .... 513
Willie P. Mangum to Paul C. Cameron .. 514
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum 515
John W. Norwood to Willie P. Mangum 517
Winfield Scott to Willie P. Mangum .... 519
1846,
Dec.
7.
1846,
Dec.
8.
1846,
Dec.
8.
1846,
Dec.
13.
1846,
Dec.
13.
1846,
Dec.
17.
1846,
Dec.
21.
1846,
Dec.
24.
1846,
Dec.
25.
[1846,
Dec.
26.]
1846,
Dec.
28.
1846,
Dec.
30.
1846,
Dec.
31.
1846,
Dec.
31.
Chronological List of Papers xxvii
PAGE
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Man-
gum 519
John W. Norwood to Willie P. Mangum 520
N. P. Tallmadge to Willie P. Mangum .. 520
Josiah Randall to Willie P. Mangum .... 522
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum 523
Job Worth to Willie P. Mangum 526
Willie P. Mangum to the Editor of the
Union 527
William H. Thomas to Willie P. Man-
gum 527
John Cameron to Willie P. Mangum .... 528
John McLean to Willie P. Mangum .... 529
Calvin Colton to Willie P. Mangum 529
Willie P. Mangimi to the President of
the United States 530
Willie P. Mangum to J. J. Crittenden .... 530
John Beard to Willie P. Mangimi 531
SYMBOLS USED TO DESIGNATE DEPOSITORIES
OF MANGUM PAPERS
(The location of papers from other collections is indicated by footnotes.)
WPM-D Willie P. Mangum Papers at Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina.
WPM-LC Willie P. Mangum Papers in the Library of Congress,
Washington, District of Columbia.
WPM-NC Willie P Mangum Papers in the State Department of Ar-
chives and History, Raleigh, North Carolina.
WPM-UNC Willie P. Mangum Papers, Southern Collection, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
THE MANGUM PAPERS
1844-1846
1844
WPM-LC
J. Watson Webb to Willie P. Mangum.
[2 January, 1844]
My Dear Sir.
Permit me to introduce to your favourable acquaintance Mr.
Freeman Hunt^^ the editor of the Merchants Magazine, one of
the very best publications of the kind ever got up in this City.
Mr. Hunt is politically & personally, the friend of Mr. Clay; &
yet takes the liberty of entertaining & advocating his own views
in relation to the tariff etc. etc.
If you can be of any service to him you will greatly oblige
Your friend & obt. Srvt.
J. Watson Webb
Jany. 2. 1844.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon: W. P. Mangum
Washington City.
Mr. Hunt.
WPM-LC
C. H. Wiley^ to Willie P. Mangum,
Oxford, N. C. Jan. 5th. 1844 —
Dear Sir:
If you can spare a few hours to the subject of this letter, your
kindness will greatly oblige a friend.- I am becoming dissatis-
fied with my location; not that I have not met with sufficient en-
^Freeman Hunt, 1804-1858, a native of Massachusetts, had little formal schooling. Beginning as
an office boy in a print shop, he soon rose to head the firm of Putnam and Hunt, which in the
late 1820's and early 1830's published numerous small magazines. He moved to New York and
established the Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review. After 1850 this was called Hunt's
Merchants' Magazine. This was his love; he worked on it until his death in 1858. In politics
he was a Whig. D. A. B., IX, 384.
^Compare the letter from Wiley to W. P. Mangum June 19, 1841. See above. Ill, 174-175.
2 State Department of Archives and History
couragement, according to the capabilities of the place; but be-
cause the Country cannot afford encouragement. I have, it is
said, done w^ell for a young man, that is, succeeded well, & yet
what is it? — no man possesses stronger attachment for his na-
tive State than I. No one can more respect her laws, & law ob-
serving people; no one more admire her patriotism or venerate
her ancient renown.- Often, often have I wished that my lot
had been to be born with those means by which I could make
myself useful & valuable to the place of my nativity, instead
of being one of that class who must look for a location useful
to them. So tender & sincere is my regard for the good Old
North State, that in preparing to leave it, I feel myself called
on to make this apology. But as I said, I am one of those who
have their own way to carve: & I too am resolved to make my
way by my profession & the pursuits of literature. I am unfor-
tunately, so constituted, that my chief happiness consists in the
study of books, the history of Governments &c &c.- Such tastes,
no man in the provincial situation, can gratify to any great ex-
tent, unless possessed of an easy fortune.- Nor is there any hope
of a young man's ever accumulating much in a country like this
at the law : & if he abide here, he must spend a life of drudgery
for a poor subsistence & in his old age - must reflect that he has
neither founded a fortune, nor explored to any extent the Treas-
ure House of knowledge.- My desire is to settle in a City: I
could there gratify my tastes, & there have hopes, by industry
& steady habits of rising into a lucrative business. Besides the
insuperable argument of necessity which induces me to look
out for such a situation, & the inducements which it holds out
to a man of literary turn, there are other cogent reasons, op-
erating on my mind.- A large city is a sort of focus of talent &
accomplishments of all sorts: man is brought into frequent col-
lision with man, mind grapples with mind: & thus we are im-
proved both by having our own intellectual powers developed
& polished, & by the constant aids of foreign lights, surrounding
us on every side.- Besides, I believe that great events are on the
wing & should I live the usual allotted period of man's existence,
I shall expect to see mighty changes in my day.- I wish to be
where I can get the earliest insight into the progress of these
changes & be prepared to act my part.- As a great, but in my
opinion bad man, asked ''Where am I to go?" Now the labour
which I wish to impose on you, in addition to that of reading
The Mangum Papers 3
this letter, is this: I wish you to give me some information for
which your position will eminently enable you.- If I go hence,
I must have the means of certain support where I settle.- This I
propose to make in two ways : First by getting into the office of
an old Attorney as a junior partner, or secondly, by getting an
engagement as assistant Editor to some political Whig, Clay pa-
per. As to my qualifications for the former, I can say, I have
the habits & principles of a son of the Old North & can get recom-
mendations from the first lawyers in our State. As to my fitness
for the second, [I] can say, that I have had some success at all
sorts of writing: political, literary, & dramatic — Few of my age
are better practiced, at least, with the pen, & this is all I will
say — Would you do me, the very great favour of looking out for
a location for me? If you could spare the time (I know you have
the will ) to exert yourself a little for me, you will be conferring
a favour — that will, at some day, return upon you with interest.
You see men from all the cities : Will you make some enquiries,
& give me a recommendation? I should think, in the ensuing
campaign, a vigorous Whig pen in St. Louis, in Louisville, or
Nashville, might "do the State some service." I merely suggest
this as a hint. —
Expecting an answer, I have the honour to remain.
Most respectfully & truly, yours,
C. H. Wiley
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
Perley S. Chase to Willie P. Mangum and Enclosure.
Manchester, Jan.^^ 5th, 1844.
To the Presdt. of the U. S. Senate-
Dear Sir Agreeably to a vote of of [sici the New Hampshire,
State Washingtonian Temperance Society^ in Convention as-
^he temperance movement began in Concord, New Hampshire, in 1827. Reverend Nathaniel
Bouton, as the leader, began the movement. In 1830 he organized the Temperance Society. By 1841
numerous societies had been formed. Franklin Pierce became a sponsor of the movement. By 1847
a referendum was authorized. Petitions poured into the legislature and by 1855 a temperance law
was passed. Everett S. Stockpole, History of New Hampshire, IV, 251-256; R. F. Nichols, Franklin
Pierce: Young Hickory of the Granite HUls, Philadelphia, 1931, 57, 123-124, 125-126.
4 State Department of Archives and History
sembled at Manchester, N. H. on the 3d & 4th days of Janry.
1844, I transmit to you the following Resolutions, which were
adopted by the Convention, and signed by the President & Sec-
retary of the above named Society.
I am very respectfully your
Obt Servant
Perley S. Chase ) Cor. Secretary
Hon. W P. Mangum
Presdt. Senate
1. Resolved — That this Convention regards with deep interest
the welfare of the American Sailor, and has heard with
great pleasure of the generally successful efforts in the
Merchant Service to abolish the use of alcohol.
2. Resolved — ^That in the opinion of this Convention, the honor
of our Country - the welfare of the sailor, and the good
of society require that the Spirit Ration of the Navy
should be at once & utterly abolished; that while the use
of alcohol is chiefly abandoned in the Merchant-Service,
its continuance on board our Ships of War, is alike in-
jurious & disgraceful.
3d. Resolved — ^That copies of the foregoing votes, attested by
the President & Secretary be forwarded to the Presiding
Officers of each House of Congress, with a request that
the same be communicated to their Respective Houses &
printed for the information of the members.
Anthony Cobly ) President
(
Perley S. Chase Cor Secretary.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Presdt. U. S. Senate
Washington, D. C.
The Mangum Papers 5
WPM-LC
L. W. Wilson^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York Jany 6, 1844
Honble. W. P. Mangum,
Sir,
Pardon the liberty of one who was once honoured with a
slight acquaintance with you, while Judge of the Superior Court
of N. Carolina for addressing you. But well knowing your ard-
ent love of Country as well as the only policy that possibly can
render our beloved Country prosperous & happy, I shall with-
out further preliminary make you acquainted with the low,
small potatoe conduct of Loco foco Henshaw^ - In the first place
he commenced his Great reform, by descending to remove Whig,
Master Joiners, Master Labourers &c out of the Navy yard, at
this place & appoint in their stead men entirely unquallified to
fill their Stations, but Strong Loco focos; never was there a set
of men, placed on public duty, that were more faithful public
servants than those removed by Mr. Henshaw, and every Whig
he is turning out with all possible dispatch, as fast as he can
make the even semblance of a cause. Capt. Frelon, a loco foco
of hot blood who is ordered to the U. S. S. Preble, had the priv-
ilege of choosing his forward officers; a few days past, a man by
the name of Berry of the Same Stamp, applied to Capt. Frelon
to be made Carpenter of his Ship the reply was, go and get a
line from Mr. Murphy,^ & you shall be appointed. Murphy is a
member of Congress from Brooklyn District and is a man who is
in the habit of doing the Kennel work for the Party — This in-
formation I had from Berry who was then waiting at the Bank
door in Brooklyn to receive the promised check that was to be
honoured by Secretary Henshaw; what contemptable small busi-
ness say you, for the Secretary of the Navy of the greatest
Republic that ever existed to stoop to, but what then could be
expected from appointments made by the Accidental President
& a traitor to his professed principals —
*Unable to identify.
^David Henshaw, a railroad pioneer and a Democrat, was appointed Secretary of the Navy by
Tyler in the summer of 1843. His appointment was not confirmed by the Senate, the vote being
8 to 34.
In October, 1843, a number of workmen were discharged at the several navy yards. According
to Whig partisans, these removals were due to the faa that the workmen were Whigs. Henshaw
denied the accusation. Niles' Register, LXV, 135, 388.
^Henry Cruse Murphy. 1810-1882. held several offices in Brooklyn and New York State before
he entered Congress in March, 1843. He served from 1843 to 1845 and 1847 to 1849. He was
owner and editor of the Brooklyn Eagle. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1346.
6 State Department of Archives and History
Please bear in mind that when Secretary Badger made re-
movals in the Navy Yard, there was uncontrovertible proof that
the incumbent, had been guilty of the most barefaced Pilfering,
and some of these Sir are yet retained in the Service of the Govt,
to wit Comdr. Renshaw & Saml. Hart Naval Contractors had the
Proofs Sir charged on these men, been proven in a Court of Civil
or Criminal Justice, they would long since have been consigned
to ignominy - but they were of the party &; it required the hardi-
hood of a traitor to retain & reward them for their villany. —
Some months Since, charges was made against the Master
Sail Maker of this yard, which could have been established
without the least doubt, & resulted in his discharge from the
Service, but he belonged to the party & Secretary Henshaw,
Sent the persons to Sea who made the charges & is now carry-
ing on a Court of enquiry in the yard, which I am told will re-
sult in the acquittal of Van Voris, this information rely on, and
I give it you, that our party may not be accused of participating
& confirming the appointment of a man so incompetent to the
Station & a mind that cannot possibly soar above little things. —
Driven from N. Carolina by misfortune & from a Lucrative
Situation by Vanburen, I was by the recommendation of Judge
Badger, placed in employment in the Navy Yard at this place &
have had an opportunity of making myself well acquainted with
much abuse of public confidence in many public officers, I am
now discharged, because & only because I was consistent in my
political principals & prefer Mr. Clay to any other man that I
know of for the next President. I have always lived & enjoyed
affluence until Vanburen drove me to day labour & as I am not
one of them, they would condescend to employ me in the Yard if
I would work as a day labourer at the m[ost] menial employ-
ment - to old Nick with them - Any information that I can give
you from this quarter please ask for & you will confer a favour
on me by replying to this.-
Very respectfully Sir Yr Obt. Servt
L. W. Wilson
[Addressed:] Honble Willie P. Mangum
Senate U. States
Washington City.
The Mangum Papers 7
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum.
Monday evening
Washington City, 8th. January 1844.
My dear Love.
I reed, a letter from you this evening, saying, that you had
received but one letter from me.- I am astonished - as I have
written three, & one upon business.
I have been unwell, until within a Week past. I am not now
entirely well.- Three weeks ago, I was more alarmed, than I
have ever been in my life. -
The cold with which I left home, fastened upon my lungs,
and I suffered extremely. — Two Doctors attended me three
weeks, or thereabouts. —
I have been much reduced, but for some days past — say —
eight or ten, have been improving most rapidly. — I am so well,
that I hope, to be entirely so. — I live with the utmost care, ex-
cept that I fear, my cold bathing is carried too far — As I have
the brush run over my body every morning, dipt in Cold Water —
The doctors advise it.- I was very much hurt to hear, that you
had received but one letter from me. - I know it gave you much
concern - & I would not have given it without cause. - I fear. My
Love, that you take these things too much to heart.- You ought
to know - you must know - that whatever may happen - that
whatever defects of temper or otherwise, I may exhibit - that you
are dearer to me, than all the world, our dear children, not even
excepted; dear as they, and every one of them are to me. —
I wrote about the hiring, which I hope has come to hand —
I wrote about the blacksmith's tools. - If none are got, they m,ust
he - Mr. Wyche at Henderson will procure what may be want-
ed.—
You will write to "Mr James Wyche" at Henderson depot to
get such tools, as Mr. Wilkins will direct, send by the first mail —
He will get them & write to you by the first mail.-You will
then send for them. —
I have not been able to go to Baltimore to get the things I
want — If I do not go next week, I shall write to Petersburg for
them, though I prefer to get them myself. —
I hope the Children go on well. — Give my Love to Sally,
8 State Department of Archives and History
Patty, & Mary & say to them to improve w^hat they can. — To my
son - say that I expect him to learn to spell, & read & write me
a short letter before long. —
I v^rite in great haste, as I have to go to a Caucus. - I live
with Gov. Morehead of Kentucky - Nobody else —
Always My dear Love, feel that you are dearer to me than all
others - because such are my feelings - & because you have al-
ways, deserved to be so.
Your affectionate husband
Willie P. Mangum.
P.S.
I should have got well much sooner, if I had not made it a
point to go to the Senate every day - & for nearly a week, a
servant had to help me up stairs. —
I shall try to get well, & hope it will be so. —
ever dear, accept my love,
W.P.M.—
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum.
Washington. 8th. Jan: 1844.
My dear Love-
I have written by this mail, more at large, for you to receive
on Saturday. —
I now write by Franklinton - But do not know, that you will
receive it. —
I have been long sick, & much alarmed on account of my
lungs.- I am getting well, & for more than a week, have been
rapidly recovering.- My Love to the Children & a kiss to each.-
and always My Love, feel sure, whatever may happen, that you
are dearer to me than all the world, our dear Children not even
excepted.
Your affectionate husband
W. P. Mangum.
The Mangum Papers 9
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Daniel Webster.
Monday morning, 8th Jan. 1844.
My dear Sir
A friend has sent me, some 150 miles, a saddle of mutton,
beautiful to the eye, the most beautiful, I ever saw.
I propose with a few friends to look into it, to morrow
eveningJ
Will you do me & them the favor to aid us with your coun-
sels?
I can promise you but little except the company of some
dozen of our friends.
The donor of the saddle is in the City. — If I could keep the
mutton, I cannot keep my friend - & therefore, you will join us
prepared to excuse very hasty preparation on the part of new
beginners. —
I had hoped to make this request in person, last night, but
was not well enough.
Say at 5V2 oclock. Will you join us?
With great respect.
Very truly yrs.
Willie P. Mangum.
Mr. Webster.
WPM-D
Daniel Webster to Willie P. Mangum,
Monday, Jan. 8. [1844]
2 o'clock.
My Dear Sir;
It will give me pleasure to be one of those who shall sit in
judgment on your mutton tomorrow.
I shall present myself at the hour proposed.
Very truly Yrs.
Danl Webster.
Mr. Mangum.
■^After Webster resigned as Secretary of State, he practiced law in Massachusetts until December,
1843, when he went to Washington on a visit. In Washington the Whigs were not too cordial.
Choate, who held Webster's seat in the Senate, persuaded Mangum and others to work out some kind
of reconciliation with Webster. This dinner was probably a part of that reconciliation. See Fuess,
Life of Webster, II, 140.
10 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
John McLean^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Baltimore Jan 9, '44
My dear Sir
Our friends in this quarter are very solicitous to knov^ the
ultimate course of the Whigs in regard to the implied overtures
of "Capt Tyler." Will they ground their arms, and take him
and his friends into full-fellowship? Are his past political
offences to be sponged, and the Traitor and his gang again to be
taken in full-communion v^ith the Whig Church?
May I ask the favor of you to advise me upon these matters;
and as far as is consistent with your official duties to inform me
of the probable issue of the important nominations now before
the Senate- My relations with Mr Monroe of the "Patriot" and
other Whig Editors will enable me to make profitable use of the
information, and be of essential service to our friends in the
Senate —
You may rely on my discretion and high regard for your
honor in every thing that I may do either politically or personal-
ly-
faithfully your friend
& obedt servt
John McLean
(of N. Y)
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
President S. U. States
Washington
D. C.
**A New York business leader who took much interest in education and politics. He was a grad-
uate of Columbia College, commissary-general of New York, and regent of New York University. He
engaged in the lumber industry. Manual for the Use of the Legislature of the State of New York for
the Year 1834, 370; M. H. Thomas, Columbia University Officers and Alumni, 1854-1857 , New
York, 1836. 118; Longworth, New York Directory, 1835-1836, 434.
The Mangum Papers 11
WPM-LC
Charles F. Mayer^ to J. McPherson Berrien.
Baltimore,
12 Jany. 1844.
Dear Sir;
When in Washington today I was desirous of saying a few
words to you on a matter which I deem of interest to our
Party - but your engagements and my own prevented me. Al-
low me now to mention it. To myself with others of the "Whigs
the question of Mr. Spencer's appointment as Judge/^ seems to
involve very important considerations for our prospects in New
York as well as for our Party dignity. The eminent talent of
Mr Spencer for the station being conceded, his rejection would
be inflicted only as a penal retribution for imputed political in-
stability - chiefly his supposed inconsistency with the profes-
sions of the Syracuse Convention.^^ That imputation I learn can
be most satisfactorily explained away. But without treating of
any exculpation, may we not, even assuming the deflection to
exist, doubt the propriety - the expediency - of affixing the
same stigma of a rejection - for a stigma it will be, where the
qualification of mind and knowledge for the position is unques-
tionable? The publick may say that his sin was not more fla-
grant than Mr. Taney's, - and that as in Mr. Taney's case, so in
the present there could be no question of the Judicial rectitude
that was to have been expected, and in Mr. Taney's Judicial ca-
reer has been exhibited.-Ought Mr. Spencer (especially under
the exposition that can be given in his defence as to the Syracuse
affair) to be marked with the reprobation of the Senate? The
Whigs wield the power and, whatever cunning views our en-
emies may act on, would bear the responsibility and the odium -
and the Democrats will, in Senate and out of it, watch results
to turn them against us. They will see their triumph possibly
in the reaction of the punishment, as it will be deemed, imposed
by the Whigs on Mr. Spencer, by rejecting him. We have, in
»A lawyer and civic leader of Baltimore. Livingston, Law Register, 1851, p. 437; 1860, p. 367;
Scharf, Chronicles of Baltimore, All, 537, 543, 629.
i°John C. Spencer had served in Tyler's Cabinet as Secretary of War and as Secretary of the
Treasury. In January, 1844, Tyler appointed him justice of the United States Supreme Court. Because
of Spencer's loyalty to Tyler, the Clay Whigs of New York, including Thurlow Weed, succeeded in
defeating this confirmation. Lambert, Presidential Politics in the U. S., 1841-1842, 93-94; D. A. B.,
XVII, 449-450.
"^In their state convention which met at Syracuse, Oaober 7, 1841, the Whigs of New York
approved the resignation of members of Tyler's Cabinet after the split over the bank bill. Hillsborough
Recorder, Oaober 21, 1844; Chitwood, Life of Tyler, 251.
12 State Department of Archives and History
Mr. Van Buren's instance, already suffered the force of reaction
from such a form of rebuke as now hangs over Mr. Spencer. I
allude to this latter experience only to show how much reaction
is to be regarded as an element among the political forces v>/hich
give tendency and purpose to political movements In finding a
point for the reaction here some think that in Western New
York, where the Spencer family have had great influence, an
interest Democratic, Conservative, and otherwise, might rally
to blight us there very seriously; while the rejection might
become a test generally of passionate rally elsewhere in the
State of New York under the urgency of Mr Spencer's friends
and favoured, as is natural, by himself. I have never seen
good flow from the passion of Party whether that was actually
the sole impulse or could be plausibly so interpreted by the ad-
verse Party. And I very much fear that the rejection of Mr.
Spencer would be regarded as the scorn of Whigs stimulated by
impassioned discontent with him politically - and making po-
litical considerations a test for Judicial preferment. I make
these allusions as only what our enemies and many even of our
brethren may conceive. It may be a fair inquiry whether a Ju-
dicial station would not be the proper disposition of Mr Spencer
even if he be politically restless, and might not be the appro-
priate sedative of the temperament, he may be supposed to
have.
I hope, my dear Sir, you will pardon my intruding on you
these thoughts. They are expressed to you in no officious spirit
but merely as the reflections which my solicitude for our party's
just ascendency has stirred up: and which in that feeling I be-
lieved I might be warranted in laying before you.
You are wiser and better informed than I can be in all these
matters - but I know your kindness, and I am sure of your in-
dulgence therefore for my speaking to you from the bosom of
the People, whose various sentiments you always like together
[sic] .
I am, my dear Sir,
with great respect,
Your's truly
Charles F. Mayer.
The Honorable
J. McPherson Berrien
Washington City,
The Mangum Papers 13
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to W. H. MorrelV^
[12 Jan., 1844]
Dear Morell
I returned from Philadelphia on Monday, & have since been
so constantly occupied, that I could not find time to reply to
your letter in relation to Talmadge. While as you well know,
I have for nearly three years, known him to be a knave, I have
never, since I brought forward the name of Mr. Clay in Feb-
ruary '42 and called upon the Whigs to rally upon it, but on one
occasion referred to T. and his utter worthlessness. Of course
in this, I have acted from policy to the Whig Party; and this
policy I shall not abandon until I perceive the possibility of his
nomination. I shall then, should such a contingency arise, both
during its pendency & after its occurrence, denounce him as a
disgrace to any party and far less worthy of confidence than
even John Tyler himself. Have no fear therefore, on this head;
& tell Mr. Mangum, Morehead, and other friends that they
have nothing to apprehend from the Cou. & Enq. on this sub-
ject, and that I am as well satisfied that it is the true course, as
I am that it would be dishonorable in me to do or say or per-
mit to be done or said any thing in my columns in favour of his
nomination.
I am glad to hear that my article on abolition & the right of
Petition, has done good. I felt that the views I expressed were
just to all parties; & feeling so, I hope good would result from
their being clearly & fearlessly expressed. I therefore, ordered
a copy of the paper containing them to be sent to every mem-
ber of Congress. I think however that to pursue the subject
would do harm instead of good; but in relation to this, I am
ready to be advised, and if it should be deemed advisable, will
cheerfully publish whatever you or others may write, or will
resume the discussion myself.
We all feel that it is impossible for the Senate to confirm
Spencer; & the hope is that the place will be kept open for John
Tyler's successor to fill. Who that will be, we all know. Next
winter, the Locos may feel desirous of having the place filled;
& to guard against Treason in our own ranks, why cannot our
^^See above. Ill, 40 In.
14 State Department of Archives and History
friends agree definitively with the Loco Foco Senators, that if
Tyler will not give us a good Judge this Winter, it shall be
deemed a vacancy not to be filled until his successor comes into
office?
As to the Vice Presidency, you know precisely my feelings
& views in regard to Mr. Webster. He could be delighted to see
Evans^^ nominated; & as the vice President cannot be taken
from a Slave State, why not agree that the Delegates from the
New England States, shall make the nomination to the Conven-
tion, if they are found to be all right? New York should be put
out of the question. John Sargeant^^ is just the honest whig
suitable for the Station; though I should prefer Clayton or
Mangum if the[y] dwelt in a non-slave State. But if it is said,
Evans would unite the whole East, & give us Maine & New
Hampshire, why little Matty'^^ might in that contingency, be left
without a solitary State! Would not this be a glorious result?
But be this as it may, the honest whig who can most strengthen
the ticket, & who in case of such a contingency as occurred to
Harrison, would be qualified to succeed him, must be selected.
You well know that when run up Mr. Clay's banner, I wrote
to him that I would neither ask for nor take an office; my whole
object therefore, is success by fair & honorable means & with
honorable men, and my views & opinions are all openly ex-
pressed and may be quoted at all times. I have no other secrets
in my politics than to preserve the secrets of my party & my
friends when committed to me.
Ask Mr. Mangum if he reed, a second letter from me, though
a long one, in relation to the Tariff & other matters. I have just
given Pennsylvania Repudiation a scoring. "The preservation
of the Public Faith" must be inscribed in indelible letters on
the Whig Banner, & it alone would insure success. As ever your
friend.
J. Watson Webb Ja y 12 — 1844
P.S. Please to take notice that this letter has a date although
written after 2 A.M. I had thought it should be Jany 13.
^^George Evans, Senator from Maine and close friend of Webster.
"See above, III, 92, 219n.
i^Martin Van Buren.
The Mangum Papers 15
WPM-LC
Henry L. Brooke ^^ & others to Willie P. Mangum.
Richmond Va. 17th. Jany 1844
Honble W. P. Mangum
of the United States Senate
Dear Sir,
We are instructed by the Whig Central Committee of the
State of Virginia to invite you to attend a general convention,
of the party to be held in this City on the 7th, February next —
The objects of this convention are to nominate Electors to
vote for a President & Vice President of the United States; to
embody and promulgate in the form of an address to the peo-
ple of Virginia, the political principles and measures of govern-
mental policy, on their approval of which, the Whig party in-
tend to place their hopes of success at the next Spring & Fall Elec-
tions; to provide a more effective organization, of the party
throughout the State; and to diffuse a warmer spirit of patri-
otism and a more just appreciation of the importance of the
establishment of the principles, and policy thus recommended,
to the success of our free institutions and the welfare and pros-
perity of the nation —
The assembling of such a convention with such views, and
for such purposes, has been deemed by the committee an oc-
casion of sufficient importance to excite the interest, and invoke
the aid of the purest virtue and most distinguished talents of
the nation. - And in selecting from amongst our public men
those whose political course has been most strongly illustrated
by enlightened patriotism and distinguished services to the
party, and the Country, we are happy to assure you that the
Committee have found no one, in their opinion, more con-
spicuous than yourself, or whose presence on the occasion re-
ferred to would give sincerer pleasure to the Whigs of Virginia,
and impart a higher degree of enthusiasm to the convention —
"A Richmond attorney. Livingston, Law Register, 1851, p. 588; 1860, p. 927.
16 State Department of Archives and History
With high consideration we have the honor to be your obt
Sorts
Henry L Brooke ) Committee
Fleming James ) of
Jno H Pleasants) Invitation
[Addressed : ]
Honble. W. P. Mangum
of the United States Senate
Washington City
D. C
WPM-LC
Hugh Waddell to Willie P. Mangum.
Wilmington
Jany. 18th /44
My dear Sir!
I beg leave to present to yr. particular attention my young
friend Gaston Meares^^ Esqr. son of our late excellent friend
Wm. B. Meares Esqr. — He visits Washington with the view of
determining his final location as a member of the Bar. —
Knowing that Washington is the center of our system, he
very naturally supposes that correct information from all points
may there be had.
Will you be so good as to introduce him to gentlemen from
the West & South who may be of service to him. —
I need not say he is every way worthy of such a father & such
a name as he bears.
Yours truly
Hugh Waddell
Hon. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington
Mr. Meares
i^Gaston Meares, 1821-1862, was a student at the state university in 1838-1839, a lieutenant
colonel in the Mexican War, and a member of the state legislature before he moved to Arkansas,
where he became a lawyer and planter. He was killed at Malvern Hill in 1862. Grant, Alumni
Hist, of U. N. C, 422; Battle, Hisf. of U. N. C, I. 798.
Raleigh
The Mangum Papers 17
WPM-LC
William Cain, III, to Willie P. Mangum.
Marion [,Alabama,] 19th Jany 1844 —
My dear Sir
On the 17th Int. I started your negroes to North Carolina all
except Willie whom I have resolved to sell he had been run
away two months before I arrived & I see that he is unwilling
to do only as he pleases and all his brothers seem in a great
measure to act from the same spirit so far as I can see them they
have no thought of being controlled farther than they think
proper; a common overseer will find much difficulty in manage-
ing them. My reasons for sending them in are first Willies
rascality. Judy has a Child & if she is hired the Child will not
be taken care of & the hire will be small and Hulda would hire
for nothing as she is troubled with the complaint I told you
about altho she looks well at other times it continues for about
5 to 8 days in every month and I fear the others might be crip-
pled or injured in some way or other.
I have no Idea how long I shall remain here as I propose re-
maining untill I can see my way clear in my business —
I should be glad to hear from you and should you write di-
rect to Macon Marengo County —
I hope under all the circumstances, you will approve of my
proceedings as I have done what I thought best — The negroes
all wished to return to North Carolina The mails have not
passed here in a week —
Yours most sincerely
Wm. Cain Senr
[Addressed:]
To The
Honble.
Willie P. Mangum
acting Vice-President U.S.
Washington City,
18 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Thos. Kirkpatrick^^ to Willie P. Mangum and Enclosure.
New York Jany 19 1844
Dear Sir
You may think me presumptious in addressing myself to
you on such a subject as I am about to Communicate but your
kindness to me while in Washington together with my ardent
desires for the success of our cause must be my apology,
I have been in this City since I left Washington, and find a
great feeling exists here in relation to the persons who either
have been or will probably be shortly nominated to the Senate
for the offices of Naval Officer and Appraisers in both of the
offices named there has been good unexceptionable (and espe-
cially the appraisers) and devoted Whigs removed and their
places supplied by brawling Locofocos- Jeremiah Towle will
undoubdedly be nominated for Naval officer: a man who has
secured his situation by low intrigue and I doubt not bargain
likewise, and his character can be tolerably Judged of, When
he employs such men as Jonathan D. Stevenson to procure the
vote of the Locofoco- Sneether-^^ for him, the man vv^ho palmed
himself off upon Major Swift of Philadelphia as a Mr Jarvis, to
to get information in Connection with Glentworth to ruin the
Whig party in the fall of 1840, by their story of a Great elec-
tion fraud, there is likewise supposed to be an interest in the
proceeds of his (Towles) office agreed to be given to George
D. Strong who paid the Editor of the Democratic Review $250
to insert a Laudatory article (With an Engraved likeness) on
the life and character of John Tyler, this was done the more
effectively to Humbug Tyler as to their devotion to him- but
they succeeded only in part, the arrangement was that Towle
was to be appointed Collector of the Port in the place of Ed-
ward Curtis, who was to be removed and Strong (who is I
understand in Washington interceeding for Towles, Confirma-
tion and that of his Brother in law McKibben^^ for Appraiser)
was to be Naval officer. Vice, Towle Promoted, to Collector,
but they were frustrated by a friend of the Presidents from this
"Probably owner of Thomas Kirkpatrick & Co., jewelry store in New York City. Bonner, New
York, 787.
"Worthington G. Sneether. See above, III, 467n.
2ojohn S. McKibben was appointed appraiser of New York. Longworth New York Directory,
1847-1848, 266.
The Mangum Papers 19
city who hastened to Washington and broke up their arrange-
ments.- Towle has always been one of the the Dirtiest and small-
est of our opponents here, and has manifested, his friendship for
Whigs by removing from office every Whig in his department
but one who is only saved as being useful in carrying on the
Business of the office, but who will undoubtedly be removed if
he (Towle) should be Confirmed- our friends call loudly upon
the Senate to reject him and the Whole Batch of Van Bur en
nominations of the same character, especially as it is under-
stood that in most cases Whigs would be nominated in their
place Which would make a material differance to us here in the
forthcoming Campaign- I am told by Mr. Kelly a Confidential
friend of the President ( whom I believe you know something off
from Major Morell that the President told him that the Senate
would oblige him by rejecting some of the Persons who he would
be obliged to nominate, and amongst the Rest was Towle for
Naval officer- N. Y. McKibben for Appraiser, N. Y. Rantoul for
Collector of Boston and James D. Watson for Postmaster at
Albany, this latter personage I know well, and a more obse-
quious fellow or tool of Van Buren does not exist. My name
has been mentioned here since my arrival in Connection with
the Albany Post office and I was informed by Mr. Curtis^^ that
my name had been mentioned to the President by a Mr. Parmalli
who had been authorized to give him the names of Three or
four prominent persons for the office, whether this be so or not,
I have no other means of knowing than his word, but I know
that I have never made application to the President for that, or
any other office, but I have no hesitation in saying that who
ever his successor may be, he ought not to be confirmed, as the
successor of Soloman Van Renssalaer, that he does not enjoy the
Confidence of one fourth of the Citizens of Albany, and in a
party view I would not trust Whig Documents in his hands- as
in my opinion if it would subserve the Interests of his Master,
they would be Accidently lost, therefore who ever gets the nom-
ination it could not be Worse for us as a party.-You will per-
ceive by the Enclosed slip that there is somewhat of a sketch of
some of the persons named in my letter, the author of the Ar-
ticle is the Mr. Kelly mentioned elsewhere- I pray you again
to pardon the liberty I have taken, and if one as Humble as my-
^^Edward Curtis.
20 State Department of Archives and History
self could occupy your attention for a few moments I should be
truly happy to hear from you in this place where I shall remain
for some length of time —
I remain my dear Sir
Your obliged friend
Thos. Kirkpatrick.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum )
Washington D. C. )
P.S. Since writing the above I have learned that Towle got his
appointment by an act of servitude to Tyler- he if you Recol-
lect was one of his Witnesses in relation to the veto, and to give
the Letter which he Wrote and to show his perfect disinterest-
ness indited [sici It to W. P. Hallet in this City wherein he stated
that in the Summer of 1840 he (Towle) was traveling in the
West and accidently met Tyler and during the Conversation he
Tyler stated to Towle that he was opposed to a Bank of the U.
States, for this degrading Service he expected and was not long
in receiving office up to this time Towle had never known the
President. Strong is advocating his claims as an importer, and
has a Son in McKibben's office who I stated before is his Brother
in Law and has another son in the office of Towle — so you can
judge after enquiring into the Character of Strong how much
safety there would be for the Revenue. I will on Monday send
you more testimony in the shape of a report to the Legislature
of this State, in Febuary showing their Transactions with the
Commercial Bank in this city of which Strong was President.
T. K.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
President of Senate
Washington
D. C.
Enclosure — Newspaper Clipping
Correspondence of the Suhterranean^^^
Washington, Jan. 10th, 1844.
Friend Mike — I wrote you a letter some time ago, from this
place, in which, among many other things, I took occasion to
22The New York Subterranean was published from 1843 to 1847. Mike Walsh and George H.
Evans edited it in its first two years. In 1845 L. N. Carr took it over and in 1847 Corbett and
McNally. Fox, New York Newspapers 1820-1830, 97.
The Mangum Papers 21
speak of the position of the President, and the villainous man-
ner in which he had been swindled by political sharks out of
the favors which should have been dispensed only among his
early and true friends. It was my intention at that time, and
if I am not mistaken, I promised to analyze the characters of
these most despicable rascals, and expose the means by which
they wormed themselves into executive favor, and its conse-
quent advantages. I propose to do so now, partially, and I do
not know that I can commence better than by beginning with
the clique that performs its scoundrelism, and enjoys its plunder
in your city. I allude to the notorious firm of Strong, McKibbin,
Towle, Graham, Redwood Fisher, and that last of all fag ends,
Barnabas Bates.
Take these fellows individually, without regard to their
present accidental position, and it certainly appears reprehensi-
ble in a writer, to treat them v/ith more gravity than would be
bestowed upon so many rats! But when we consider them col-
lectively, with reference to the influence which their accidental
station gives them, and the mischief it enables them to perpe-
trate, they are entitled to the dignity of a much more weighty
opposition. If they remained in the position for which nature
assigned them, I would puff them back to their original obscurity
with contempt; but inasmuch as they are based upon a tempo-
rary pedestal, they must be overturned with a lever, if nothing
else will serve. In studying human nature with reference to
such characters as these, it is amusing to see how easily man-
kind will be deceived in their estimate of man, in measuring
them by the position which chance or conspiracy has thrown
them into.
Here are six fellows that pass for great men, who could not
arrive at mediocrity as chimney sweepers, or maintain a toler-
able honesty in tending the door of a Punch and Judy show;
and yet, one has been the bearer of Despatches to the British
Government, another jeopardizes a portion of the Revenue, the
third had the consummate impudence to ask for, and received
the responsible Naval office, the fourth perverts our liberal in-
stitutions as Post Master, the fifth, a tributary devil — a sort of
jackal, helps him in the office, and the sixth and last, ( God help
us,) also perils the Exchequer in one of the departments in the
New York Custom House, as he did the orphans the widows
mites when formerly in another branch of the public service. It
22 State Department of Archives and History
is excessively mortifying to men of integrity and ability, to see
fellows like these, v^hom they could never meet, except as their
inferiors, occupying stations which should only be the award of
real merit. It appears singular that such creatures should be
able to achieve distinction and success, with the tremendous
drawbacks of stupidity, and more than questionable honesty
against them; but when we consider what the plain devil and
dissembling looks may do, joined to an immeasurable impu-
dence, and a vehemence of hollow protestation, the mystery
partially dissolves; and when we go a little beyond the deduc-
tions of philosophy, and study facts, it vanishes altogether.
Let us see how those libels upon humanity attained that
prominence with the government which has apportioned spoils
to all of them, and now induces Towle, McKibbin & Co. to expect
a whig senate to confirm them in places which they occupy by
the most gross deception and fraud, and of which they have about
the same description of claim as Geo. Munday, the wandering
preacher. Not long since they were all of them, needy, shiftless,
desperate and unscrupulous political hlack-legs, eagerly engaged
in studying the tracks and chances, and ready to pounce upon
any scheme, however base and mean, that would afford them
an opportunity to finger and financier with unascertained
amounts. Geo. D. Strong had some special plans to carry out
for some mercantile houses here, which dealt in the manufac-
tures of Sheffield, Birmingham and Devonshire, had the inso-
lence to ask to be bearer of Dispatches to England, and preferred
as his claims to the appointment, the fact of having disgraced the
literature of the country, by writing two or three execrable con-
coctions of vapid trash, which he called novels, ("in one sense
they richly deserve that title, for they were novel enough, God
knows ["] ) — and the fact of his having been engaged in some
mysterious land speculations in Williamsburg, with McKibbin
and others, in which many unfortunates who were not acquainted
with the intricate science of windmill lots and water privileges,
suffered some.
John Lorimer Graham founds his claims upon his fraternity
with Tallmadge and other speculators, (of which I will speak
more at length in my next,) and to the fact of his having fre-
quently drawn resolutions at ward meetings, for the laudable
object of giving himself notoriety, that would aid his meagre
practice of the law.
The Mangum Papers 23
By the bye, just ask Jerry Towle whether Strong or Gra-
ham wrote the article, about a year ago, for the Democratic
Review. I think he knows how much money it cost for the in-
sertion, and who engraved the frontispiece [.] Jerry and his
coadjutors consider it well got up, and well they may, for it paid
the much better than some opperations which they lately at-
tempted— but the unfortunate result of the Tennessee election
proved fatal to their scheme. Should there be any doubt upon
this matter, I will refer you to Silas M. Stilwell, who is a man
of most unbounded integrity, and of great knowledge of matters
and things in general. Should Silas, however, refuse to divulge,
let me know, and perhaps I can get N, P. Tallmadge, who is
considered (especially at the White House) an honorable man,
to give the requisite information. In my next letter I will give
the particulars of a most wicked fraud which was contemplated
upon this administration, it was stupendous in its character, and
I think it will be interesting to your readers — exhibiting the
rarest specimens of political jugulary.
Redwood Fisher, the familiar devil, who fills the deputyship
in the New York P. O., backs his modest pretensions with the
proof that he has always been in place before, and like the
prostitute who has braved the world for forty winters, offers
us a reasoning that the public have tried and proved him to their
hearts content.
Yours, &c.,
Soundings.
WPM-LC
David L. Swain to Willie P. Mangum.
Chapel Hill 19, Jan, 1844.
My dear Sir,
Mr. R. H. Graves-^ who is I believe personally known to you,
having made one unsuccessful application for the payment of
two Treasury notes,^* the right hand halves of which have been
lost under the circumstances disclosed by the accompanying
Statement I take the liberty to request that the second attempt
may be through your intervention.
23Ralph H. Graves, 1817-1876, graduated from the state university in 1836. In 1844 he helped
organize the alumni association of his alma mater, became a tutor, the treasurer and librarian. Later
he taught mathematics at Caldwell Institute. His son became a famous professor of mathematics at
the university. Battle, Hist, of U. N. C, I, 482, 486, 496, 795; Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C,
231.
"See below James W. McCulloh to Willie P. Mangum, February 23, 1844.
24 State Department of Archives and History
I have had some doubts under the instruction from the
Treasury Department as to the proper place to make the news-
paper advertisement required. The residence of R. S. Graves is
unknown. The applicant R. H. Graves, and the individual Mrs.
Thompson by whom the letter was placed in the Post-Office at
Middleton Miss, both reside in this county, and the Hillsboro
Recorder would therefore I presume be deemed the proper me-
dium for advertising.
Of the honesty of the transaction no one who knows the ap-
plicant and reads his statement can doubt for a moment, — The
Accompanying letter of your late colleague with respect to the
character of Mr. R. H. Graves will probably be satisfactory to
the Department. It contains no statement that I would hesitate
to affirm by affidavit.
Mr. Graves is in need of money, has for some months been
hedged about by technicalities which though doubtless necessary
and proper, to the correct administration of the Treasury De-
partment, are nevertheless vexatious, and I hope that further
difficulties will not be interposed.
The University continues to prosper. The session opens with
an aggregate number of 158- 47 of whom are Freshmen — Of the
State of the Great World without our precincts I cannot claim to
be either very minutely or accurately informed. Should your
Session extend with [sic] the month of July, I may possibly be
disposed to assume for a season the attitude of a Looker on in
Venice.
Yours very sincerely,
D. L. Swain.
Honble. W. P. Mangum.
[Endorsed : ]
Letter from
Gov Swain
President of University
to Hon W. Mangum
respecting Graves claim
19th Jany 1844.
The Mangum Papers 25
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum
Sunday 21st Jan. 1844
My dear Love.
I send this book on fruit & ornamental trees, that I have not
had time to look into — keep it. It may be useful.—
I have got well — at least, I have, I hope, entirely recovered
from the cough & breast complaint that alarmed me. —
I shall write tomorrow. I write now, because, my letters so
often fail. — My Love to our dear Children, & a kiss to William,
if he learns his book, if he does not, he is not to have my kiss. —
W. R. Gales is here with his new wife,^^ & going home to-
morrow.— How silly! I told him so. —
Always my Love, remember me with affection.
Yr. affectionate husband
W. P. Mangum
Mrs. C. A. Mangum
WPM-LC
George Constantine Collins^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Baltimore Jany. 22nd. 1844.
Hon. Sir.
I have arrived in this city, some days since and engaged
John Murphy to print 50,000 copies of the "fifty reasons" in
quantities of 5,000, at $150 per or $1500 the whole, in addition
to this I am to pay $100 for stereotyping, &c.
Since my arrival here I have spoken twice, in the Clay Clubs
as you may see by referring to the Whig papers of this City. I
have been invited to speak on tomorrow evening, as you will
also see, and on Wednesday to a Mass Meeting.
I have also the happiness to announce to you, that many of
my countrymen have expressed themselves favorably of me
and my principles, and also to report progress, in at least six
hopeful and useful converts.
25>j^eston R. Gales married Mary Spies, daughter of John J. Spies, January 8, 1844. Hills-
borough Recorder, January 25, 1844.
2^eorge Constantine Collins, a New York merchant who also studied law under Josiah Ran-
dall, wrote several letters to Mangum in behalf of the Whig candidate. See below Collins to Man-
gum March 20, 1844 and March 24, 1846. See also New York City Directory for 1843 and 1846.
Published by Groot and Elston, 1845, p. 84.
26 State Department of Archives and History
It would be well if you should communicate by mail your
sentiments to some of your friends here, on the mode of con-
ducting a political campaign, as I find that they are rather too
personal towards individuals who do not at all stand in our
way, but in whom we may perhaps find future friends, and
voters : in order we may recommend to them conciliation. ( Cal-
houn and others) — I have every reason to hope that the Whigs
will succeed in electing four Congressmen at least, the utmost
enthusiasm prevails, and 1840 is again revived! I have spoken
to Senator Choate, who remained a short time in the Hotel, and
requested his name &c. He declined but informed me that he
would see you and Sen. Morehead on the subject, and then
would act favorably, &c. On account of the first expense in-
curred, which will be the greatest, I sincerely request you to
see a few of your friends, and use your influence in obtaining
for me a few subscriptions towards the undertaking. Mr. Buff-
ington-^ of Penn. treated me in an exceedingly kind manner, he
gave me his name and subscription. Geo. R. Richardson^^ Esq.
has examined the manuscript and it has pleased him so well
that he will obtain for it the sanction of the State Committee,
and introduce it into the Clubs of the City. If you could have
a moment to spare, it would confer an honor on me, if you
would examine a proof sheet; if you cannot, perhaps one of
your friends could.
Excuse my Irish frankness, I have used plain language, but
I do not the less respect you on that acct however this is not
the time for Compliments or eulogies I am now in a different
business. I hope it will be crowned with the best fruits of the
richest CLAY. Hoping to hear from you shortly, I have the
honor to be Hon. Sir —
Your Obt. Servt. &
Most devoted and humble friend
Geo. Constantine Collins.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum, V.P. U.S.
P.S. Dont be offended at my presumption. I have seen you and
I shall ever admire you. The books will be ready in seven or
^^Joseph Buffington, 1803-1872, of western Pennsylvania, was trained as a lawyer before he en-
tered Congress in 1843. He served until 1847. He was state judge in 1849, but declined an ap-
pointment by Fillmore in 1852 as chief justice of the Utah Territory. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 151.
^George R. Richardson was the chairman of the Maryland Whig Committee. See above, III,
200n.
The Mangum Papers 27
eight days and will have nice covers — drop me a line in a few
day — Barnums Hotel.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Vice President of the United States,
and President of the Senate.
Washington City,
D. C.
[Endorsed in pencil in autograph of W.P.M. :]
To be answered.
WPM-LC
B. B, Blume^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Petersburg Jany 23d 1844.
Honl. W. P. Mangum.
Dear Sir.
I regret that my situation makes it so expedient at least,
to trespass on your time, which, no doubt, would otherv/ise be
more profitably employed. But as my sickness of which I com-
plained has already occupied three weeks of my time, I now
feel it to be incumbent on me to make some arrangement for
the support of my family — My design is to return to the prac-
tice of the Law. I have Memphis Ten. Cincinnatti O. & St. Louis
Mo. under consideration - with a preference for the first — I
hope you v/ill add yet another favor to the many already ex-
tended to me - Please let me know how & when I can be ad-
mitted to practice in those states respectively - together with
any suggestions you may be pleased to make — Also the resi-
dence of the Hone. ( Judge ) Thomas Maney^^ of Tenne. formerly
of Murfreesboro, N^C^. as I wish to address him - This much I
can say for myself, in losing my property I have lost no charac-
ter - & I am glad, yes happy, to add, my family are better con-
tented than when they thought themselves at least independ-
ent— Some of your many friends can, & no doubt, will, give the
desired information — The mode of practice - & the time of pro-
bation before license, are important with me now, without the
29See above, I, 3 5 On.
ioc/"T^^™^* Maney was judge of the Sixth Circuit Court in Nashville. Livingston, Law Register.
io51, 560; American Almanac, 1844, 272.
28 State Department of Archives and History
means to sustain me during the time of anxiety. Trusting that
you fully appreciate my feelings, & will pardon this liberty, I,
am, dear Sir
Your friend & S.
B. B. Blume.
[Addressed : ]
Honl. W. P. Mangum
Prest. U. S. Senate
Washington City
D. C.
Willie P. Mangum to David L. Swain^^
Washington City 27*^. Jan: 1844
My dear Sir.
I received the enclosed^- this morning w^hich will be satis-
factory. - I shall endeavor to get a draft for the amount on the
Bank of the State of North Carolina, if I fail in that, I shall take
one on New York, & enclose it to you, in a day or two. - A draft
on N. York would be cashed at once, by any of the Banks.
We have nothing of much interest here, beyond what you
see in the public prints.- Gen Saunders it is believed, will be
placed at the head of one of the Departments, probly the
Navy.^^ - Porter^* will be rejected by the Senate, & it is said,
that Anderson^^ from Tenn: [?] late a Senator, will have the
other. -
We regret the necessity of so many rejections, & avoid it in
as many cases, as we can. - But how can we endorse plain cases
of moral turpitude? All the indications seem favorable to the
success of Mr. Clay - Indeed, no one seems to doubt his suc-
cess. - In that confidence I fear, the greatest danger lies. -
"^The original is in the David L. Swain Papers, University of North Carolina.
3-Not found in the Mangum Papers.
s^After the rejection of David Henshaw as Secretary of the Navy by the Senate, Tyler appointed
Thomas W. Gilmer to that post.
24John Madison Porter was appointed Secretary of War in March, 1843, in place of John C.
Spencer who became Secretary of the Treasury. Porter had a good military record in the War of
1812. He had practiced law and served as a judge in Pennsylvania. His brother was governor of the
state and his family was politically important. This appointment, therefore, was considered a bid
by Tyler for the support of the Pennsylvania Democrats. Nevertheless, the Senate rejected him by a
vote of 38 to 3. Lambert, Presidential Politics in the U. S., 1841-1843, 87-88, 92.
''^Alexander Outlaw Anderson, 1794-1869, fought under Jackson at New Orleans. He practiced
law at Dandridge and Knoxville before he was appointed by Jackson as land officer in Alabama. He
served in the Senate from February, 1840. to March 3, 1841. In 1849 he moved to California,
vvhere he held several state offices until his return to Tennessee in 1853. In the Civil War he prac-
ticed law in Alabama. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 640.
The Mangum Papers 29
We shall be very glad to see you here this summer - Our
session will probably run into July.
With great respect & regard
I am, dear Sir.
Very truly y''^
Willie P. Mangum
'^'^ Gov. Swain.
WPM-LC
Spencer O'Brien^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Stewartsboro' (Ten) 27th Jany. '44
My dear Sir;
I have just written for a friend & neighbour of mine Genl.
Russwarm who forwards by this mail, a petition for pay, as the
legal representative of his Father who was an Officer of the rev-
olution. The Genl. was principally raised & educated in the
Shocco region Warren Co. N. C.
If consistent with your other public duties & it should come
in the way, any service you may be enabled to render him in
the way of forwarding his claims, will be doing an essential serv-
ice to one of the best of men, and most sterling of Whigs, besides
obliging an old & 'consistent' friend who would ride out more
than 28 miles to see Willie P Mangum Vice President of the U. S.
There is much speculation here as to who will be the Nomi-
nee of the Whig Convention for V. P.? The balance we all
know. — Sir, I can assure you of one thing — There is no doubt
of Tennessee giving to Mr Clay her support — and that too with a
zeal she has never manifested for any other man — I mean that
the Whig Party will make an effort for that great Patriot &
Statesman, that will beggar all description - that in favor of
Genl Harrison was feeble in Comparison. I heard a distinguished
Democrat say today, that the nomination of Mr V. B. (now
rendered certain ) was the most suicidal policy that ever a party
was guilty of.- A large majority of the Democrats in this State,
left to themselves, would have been for Cass. It is pretty well
known here that Polk visited the Hermitage to give the old
Genl. that piece of information, but got the 'cold shoulder' for
88See above, I, 379n.
30 State Department of Archives and History
his pains. So as Judge Seawell used to say, they have to dance
to music, not of their ov^^n selecting, without even seeing the
fiddlers. 'Queen Deus^^'. [?] I v^onder if Democracy after 1844,
v^ill not ''stink in the nostrils of even Warren men"* This is the
prediction here. All the accounts I hear from the old 'North
State' are cheering.
By the w^ay I do not know that it would be unbecoming in
you to say to me what are your chances for the nomination?
Your name I venture to say to you without fear of the imputa-
tion of flattery, is frequently mentioned most favorably in the
connection — I say all this as a private individual having for-
saken public life altogether with a determination not again to
enter the Political arena. Yet, in my quiet pursuits I claim to
think & feel as a man, who on all proper occasions should not
shrink to vindicate the character of a much abased Country.
We had Baer^^ the Buckeye Black Smith in Nashville on the
8th. He is an original - perfectly so - and is calculated by his
peculiar character to make himself felt wherever he goes. In
an iminent degree he possesses the talent for swaying the multi-
tude and they are sort of speakers now wanted. His effectiveness
as such, more than atones for any violation of Academic taste.
He told us he had enlisted for the War and intended to visit every
State in the Union between this & the Presidential election.
So soon as you have leisure I should be gratified to hear from
you. In the mean time present me respectfully to David Dick-
erson^^ Esqr. — whose neighbour I am & who can more parti-
cularly inform you of my whereabouts & what about s.
Very respectfully
Your Friend
Spencer O'Brien.
* Extract from a Speech delivered by W. P. Mangum at Hender-
son in 1840.
W. P. Mangum Esqr.
Washington, D. C.
[Addressed:] Honble. Willie P. Mangum
of the U. S. Senate
Washington City
Mail D. C.
^^Unable to identify.
38David W. Dickinson, 1808-1845, a native of Tennessee, graduated from the University of
North Carolina Isefore he began praaicing law. He served in Congress as a Democrat from 1833 to
1835 and as a Whig from 1843 to 1845. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 906.
The Mangum Papers 31
WPM-LC
H. P. Hunt^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Troy [N.Y.J Jany 28th '/44.
D. Sir
I have presumed to trouble you with a suggestion in relation
to the cause of Mr. J. C. Spencer, now before your body. Until
today I have said nothing and so far as is in my power have in-
duced our friends to say nothing, asswming as beyond question
that the whigs of the U. States Senate would give an unanimous
vote ag^ the Confirmation - A vote due alike to our principles,
our party and the claims of a traitorous tool of a traitor. But
rumors of bargaining and corruption have for several days been
rife amongst us. Unconfirmed loco foco Office holders have been
industrious in attempts to manufacture Opinions for a Whig
Senate's Governance; And this induces me to speak to an un-
purchased and unpurchaseable Whig on the subject. To you
then my d. Sir I say unhesitatingly reject the foul offer. Take
no counsel of expediency - expediency can never be taken into
account at the sacrifice of principle — But, even as a matter of
expediency there is in my humble judgment but one side to the
question. Principle apart, every consideration demands his
prompt rejection — What can John C. Spencer and all the rest
of the Swiss Corps-who came amongst us for spoils and who by
their stations & our Confidence sacrificed Mr. Clay in 739, do
either for good or for evil, when once stript of the adventitious
importance given them by Whig generosity? Literally nothing.
Nothing my d. Sir — As a proof of this look at the result of our
Legislative Caucus the last work in nominating a Candidate for
the Vice-Presidency and selecting delegates at large for the
Baltimore Convention. But I forbear enlarging, knowing as I
think I do, your uncompromising views and having answered
my purpose in assuring you that you will be sustained in carry-
ing out those views by every true Whig in this section of this
State — You are at liberty to show this to our friends Crittenden
and Morehead, having occasion to write Mr White^^ of Indiana
'5'^Hiram Paine Hunt. 1796-1865. moved to Troy in 1831. where he practiced law until he
fo'?^ ^^^^"^'■^^^ ^°^ ^^^^^ ^is retirement from Congress. He was in Congress in 1835-1837 and
1839-1843. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1350.
*°Albert S. White, 1803-1864, a native of New York, moved to Indiana to practice law in
1829. Before entering Congress in 1837 he held several state offices and was an elector on the
Harrison-Granger ticket in 1836. He served in the House of Representatives in 1837-1839, 1861-
1863 and in the Senate in 1839-1845. He was president of several railroads. Biog. Dir. of Cong.,
1 688.
32 State Department of Archives and History
on other matters today I have embraced the opportunity to ex-
press substantially the view^s given in this on the subject of the
nomination in question —
It v^ill afford me great pleasure to hear from you on the
above or any other matter as leisure may offer —
I am now occupied in the Court of Chancery of my State,
having gone back to my profession and quit politics, except so
far as hard working in the ranks, for the maintenance of Whig
principles and the elevation of Henry Clay is concerned —
With great Respect
Your friend
H. P. Hunt.
Honl. W. P. Mangum.
WPM-LC
John M. Clayton to Willie P. Mangum with Enclosure
( Confidential )
New Castle— Del.
Jany. 28. 1844.
My dear Sir,
The enclosed letter is sent to me by Mr Michael the High
Sheriff of the city & County of Philad*^. who concurs with the
writer Mr. Hamersley^^ that if Porter the Secretary of War is
rejected by the Senate of the United States, it ought not to be
by the vote of the Whigs. Hamersley is one of the strongest men
in Pennsylvania, as I understand. From what I know of the
State, I think it bad policy for the Whigs to reject Porter at
this time.-*^ I go against Spencer, & I do not care if the Van
Buren men reject Porter - but I hope the Whigs may not do it.-
Mr Michael*^ who in my opinion knows the State of Penn^. bet-
^^George W. Hamersley. See below Hamersly to Mangum, January 25, 1846.
*2See above, 28n.
^^Norton McMichael, 1807-1879, was a lawyer and journalist. He helped edit Godey's Lady's
Book for many years. From 1843 to 1846 he was sheriflf and in 1866-1869 mayor of Philadelphia.
D. A. B., XII, 142-143; A. H. A. Reports, 1901, II, 320-321.
The Mangum Papers 33
ter than any other Whig I am acquainted with, says Porter
ought to he confirmed.-
Faithfully your friend
John M. Clayton
Hon: W. B. [sic] Mangum )
U. S. Senate. )
P.S. Please show Hamersley's letter to our friends. —
[Addressed : ]
To
Hon: W. B. Mangum
Prest. U. S. Senate,
Washington. —
Enclosure
Lancaster, [Pa.] Jany. 25, 1844.
Dr Sir,
I am sorry to learn from Washington that there is a disposi-
tion amongst the Whig members of the Senate to reject the nom-
ination of Mr. Porter as Secretary of War.^^ I think that it is de-
cidedly the policy of the Whig party of this State to have him
confirmed. We should thus secure the entire aid and patronage
of that Department in the campaign of next fall; for Mr. Porter
never will support Mr. Van Buren for the Presidency. In addi-
tion to this, I have no doubt in my own mind that if this ques-
tion and one or two others now pending at Harrisburg are man-
aged with a reasonable share of tact, we shall have the influence
of the State Administration with us also in favor of Mr. Clay.
I think that these influences are strong enough to turn the ma-
jority in this State to either side. They are therefore worth se-
curing. On the other hand, I do not see where the Whigs are to
profit by Mr. Porter's rejection. It will only be giving another
victory to the Loco Foco radicals of the State, and be the means
of providing a place for some bitter and malignant venter of our
candidate and his friends. If you think with me in these things,
**In 1843-1844 Van Buren and Clay forces combined to defeat many of Tyler's appointees.
Van Buren leaders felt that Tyler was trying to build up a party of his own through the cooperation
of many Democrats. If he were successful in this program. Van Buren leaders felt that his success
would impair Van Buren's chances in 1844. The Clay forces had been hostile to Tyler since the
bank vetoes. Lambert, Presidential Politics in U. S., 1841-1843, 94.
34 State Department of Archives and History
I wish you would try to bring some influence to bear in favor
of his confirmation. The nomination will be acted on very soon,
and it is important that it should be exerted at an early day. —
Can you not silence the frequent and bitter attacks of the "Fo-
rum" upon Mr. Porter? Did you receive the "Examiner" which
I sent you, avowing its preference for Mr Clayton?
Very sincerely Yrs.
Geo. W. Hamersly.
M. M^Michael, Esq.
[Addressed:]
Morton McMichael,
Sheriff's Office
Philadelphia,
Pa.
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum.
Washington City 29*^. January 1844.
My dear Love.
I sit down by candle light to write you a line.- I have waited
until now, hoping to hear from home, as I did hope last night, but
have received no letter.- I am well, and have been very well,
for the last two or three weeks.- Before that, I was more un-
well, and even alarmingly so, than I have ever been. —
I hope My Love, you will write to me every week, or have
Sally or Patty to do so. I am always anxious to hear from you,
and when I fail, I feel most unhappy.- For, at last. My Love,
whatever else may occupy me; I feel more interest in you &
our dear Children, than all the world besides.- I am going out
this evening to a party at Mrs. Seaton's, and write now a mere
line, fearing that if I postpone until tomorrow, you may not re-
ceive it next Saturday.
Tomorrow, I will try to write to Patty, if I can get time.-
Tell Sally, that I shall write to her not before I get a letter from
her. — My mornings for the last week, have been occupied in
sitting to have my portrait taken.- Gov. Morehead from Ken-
tucky has engaged a painter to take me.-^^ I would have one
^"^He probably refers to the Lampdin portrait which was included as the frontispiece of Volume
II of these papers. See below, 72, 131.
The Mangum Papers 35
to carry home, if it were not, that I do not like to have mine
taken, without yours.-
Gov. Morehead, whom you may remember to have heard me
often say, is one of the best & most amiable men in the Senate,
lives with me, & we are alone.-
Next week, I shall have to Stand to have a full length like-
ness taken for some gentlemen in the City of New York.- It
tries one's patience.-
Give my Love to the Children- To Sally- Patty & Mary &
William- & give William a kiss for Father, if he is a good boy.-
Mr. Clay will be elected-& every thing in politics, goes on
well & promisingly.-
Always remember me. My dear Love, kindly & affectionate-
ly; & believe me, whatever may happen. My Love, as your most
affectionate husband, & one who would feel it a misfortune yes
the deepest misfortune,-to survive my love for my dear wife —
Willie P. Mangum
To Mrs C. A. Mangum
WPM-LC
Thomas Kirkpatrick^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York Jany 29, 1844.
Dear Sir
In my last, I promised to send a report made to the Legisla-
ture of this State on the affairs of the Commercial Bank of this
City of which Bank Geo. D. Strong was President. Owing to my
being confined to the House ever since I have not been able to
procure one but I enclose a Courier & Enquirer of this date,
which contains an advertisement of the Receiver appointed by
the Chancelor wherein the the Debts, and Judgements due the
Bank are offered for sale, amongst the names of those who have
swindled the widows & orphans, you will perceive the names
of Geo. D. Strong and his Brotherinlaw John S. McKibbins.
Towles name does not appear in the report but there is no
doubt they are all interested alike in the offices here, and I
state now what I did in a former letter, that our people [want]
the Senate to reject them promptly, if any other information is
*9See above, T. Kirkpatrick to W. P. Mangum, January 19, 1844.
36 State Department of Archives and History
necessary in relation to them I have no doubt it can be furnished
for your early action
I have Dear Sir the Honour to remain your
obliged Friend
Thos. Kirkpatrick.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Washington D. C
[Postmarked:] Nev^ York Jan 30
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
President of Senate
Washington
D. C
WPM-LC
Daniel Webster to Willie P. Mangum.
Saturday Morng
Feb. 3. '44
My Dear Sir
We very much w^anted two Law^ Books, in Court, v^hich
v^ere not to be had this side of N. York, & could not be obtained
in season, except thr^. the mail. I therefore took the liberty of
having them sent, under cover to you.
1 hope you w^ill excuse this freedom; & send the Books into
the Court room, or give them to Mr. Choate.
Yrs very truly
Danl Webster
Mr Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Wm. P. Mangum
President of the
Senate of U.S.
The Mangum Papers 37
WPM-LC
Josiah RandalV^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Phila. 3 Feb 1844
Dear Sir
I think of visiting Raleigh when Mr Clay is there Can you
drop me a line saying when the day of the celebration is, how
long it will consume to go there from Washington and which
is the best route. I hope every State in the Union will be repre-
sented.
Yours &-
J. Randall
Hble W. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
The Hble.
W. Mangum Esqr
Prest. of the Senate
Washington
City
Lewis Thompson^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
[4, Feb. 1844]
Sir
You will premit me the liberty that i take of writing to you
for as your servant i take it, the kindness that you have allways
bestowed on me have caused an abiding gratitude from me to
you and as such i write to you now to enquire after your health
and i hope that this may find you well as it leaves me at present.
We arrived hear from the Spanish main a bout 10 days a go We
have had several accidents since we left ower last port which
was Curicoa [sicl we was grounded twice or thrice shot one
man to peaces quite over board
Mr Mangum will do me the greatis kindness if he will send
this letter for my wife, to miss Sarah Polk and she will send it
*^See above, II, 236n.
*^There are several letters in this coUeaion from Thompson who was once Mangum's servant.
See below Thompson to Mangum, April 9, 1846.
38 State Department of Archives and History
to her for me i hope you will excuse this liberty that your hum-
bel and obedient servant have taken
i still remain forever your
Servant Lev^is Thompson
Pensacola Feb 4th 1844.
PS
i v^ill be in Washington in march
[Addressed : ]
To the Honbl.
W. P. Mangum
President of the Senate
of the U. States
Washington
D. C
[Postmarked : ] Pensacola
Feb 7
WPM-LC
Washington Hunt^^ to Willie P. Mangum with Enclosure.
House of Representatives
Feb 7. 1844
Dear Sir,
I consider it highly important that the information sought
in the enclosed letter should be communicated, without reserve.
If you will favor me with an answer you shall receive my pro-
found acknowledgments.
The request comes from a friend of mine who is very com-
petent to appreciate the "Magic of a name".
Hoping this fortunate child may be endowed with a goodly
^"Washington Hunt, 1811-1867, a native of Greene County, New York, was admitted to the
bar in 1834. Before entering Congress in 1843 he served as judge of the Niagara County Court of
Common Pleas. He was in Congress as a Whig from 1843 to 1849. Then he served as comptroller
and governor of New York. In 1860 he was offered the vice presidential post on the Democratic
ticket but declined. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1864. Biog. Dir.
of Cong., 1132.
The Mangum Papers 39
share of those personal and political virtues which have won
the admiration of his father and of the country,
I remain,
With great regard.
Yours,
W. Hunt
Honble. Willie P. Mangum.
[Addressed:] To the Honble.
Willie P. Mangum
President of the Senate.
Enclosure
Norwich, Chenango Co. Jany 29, '44
Dear Sir.
A friend of Henry Clay, and of all who are his friends, re-
siding in this village, has named his boy after the President of
the Senate the Hon. Willie P. Mangum - but does not know
what the middle letter P is designed to represent. I presume you
can, without trouble, ascertain; and I will be much obliged if
you will, at your leisure, write me, what mystery that important
letter conceals. It is quite desirable that the child, when grown
up should be able to tell his name, even if he does not know
his father.
Your attention will much oblige
Your Obt. Servant
P. B. Prindle.
Hon. W. Hunt
House of Reps
Washington.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. Hunt,
House of Reps —
Washington
40 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Asa Pedington^'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Maine Temperance Union,
Augusta, February 9, 1844.
At the Annual meeting of the Maine Temperance Union, held
at Augusta, on the 7th and 8th insts. the resolution, a copy of
which we have the honor to annex was unanimously adopted
by that body.
By an additional resolve, it became the duty of the under-
signed to transmit the same to you, which we take pleasure in
doing.
"Resolved, That the object of the Memorials on the spirit
rations of the Navy, now in general circulation, which pray for
the repeal of that law, and recommended that a substitute be
furnished meets the hearty approbation of the Maine Temper-
ance Union."
Asa Pedington, Prest. M.T.U.
E. F. D[uren]
Recording Secretary.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Prest. Senate U.S.
A true copy from the records,
Attest :
E. F. DUREN.
Rec. Secty. M.T.U.
[Post marked:] Augusta Me.
Feb 30
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum,
President of the Senate
Washington
D. C.
^'^See above, 3n.
The Mangum Papers 41
Willie P. Mangum to Paul C. Cameron^^
Washington City. 10*^ Feby: 1844.
My dear Sir:
Yesterday in the chair, I added a Postcript, to a letter by
Mr. Haywood to you.-^- His letter will give you all the informa-
tion in regard to Col. Parrish's case.- It cannot for the present
be changed, & the manifestation of any personal interest on my
part would be decisive against him upon a renewed applica-
tion.- Wickleffe^^ with good talents, & yet, more aptitude for
business, is, in his nature & disposition, low, coarse, mercenary,
in all things selfish, & extremely vindictive.-
He feels that he has the general contempt of the public
here, & he has had many occasions to learn that I hold him in
detestation.- J. C. Spencer always excepted, I regard him as
the meanest of the mean- & in his official acts, I learn on all
hands, that his arrogance & proscriptive spirit are rapidly on
the increase; as he learns, that his prospects for other & more
lucrative office with the advice of the senate, are daily diminish-
ing.
Spencer by the inattention of two or three men, had nearly
stolen a successful march on us- Eight days before the vote,
his strength was 13 votes.- By the application of the whole
power of the admn reinforced by individuals in various quar-
ters, he increased it to twenty one.- The whole operation was
conducted in silence & secrecy by Spencer & his Minions- & the
vote fell upon us with absolute surprise.-
Spencer is a man of eminent intellectual ability — inferior to
no man in New York.- In truth, he has the talent & cunning of
the Devil himself.- Yet all fair minds must admit, that he is
not as respectable a personage as his devilship — For the latter,
after his first apostacy & fall, has at least, had the merit of con-
°^The original is in the Cameron Papers, University of North Carolina.
^'^In the Cameron Papers, University of North Carolina, is a letter from W. H. Haywood, Jr.,
to Paul C. Cameron, February 7, 1844, saying that he enclosed a letter (the letter was not found)
from the Postmaster General declining Haywood and Cameron's recommendation that Col. Parrish's
post office be continued. Cameron had written to Mangum and Mangum had turned over Cameron's
letter to Haywood. On Haywood's letter to Cameron, Mangum added this postscript: "P.S. I hold no
intercourse with the P. M. & therefore Mr. H. acted for me — ^Judging from what I hear of oiher
cases, the decision is not likely to be reversed. Very truly Dr Sir, Yrs W. P. M."
On February 19, 1844, the post office at Round Hill in Orange County was re-established, and
Doctor C. Parrish was made postmaster. Note to Haywood from the Post Office Department, February
19, 1844. Cameron Papers, University of North Carolina.
^^Charles Anderson WicklifFe, 1788-1869, a former governor and Congressman from Kentucky,
was Tyler's Postmaster General from October, 1841, to March 6, 1845. He was a Kentucky Whig
who for many years had been an enemy of Clay. He was sometimes called the "Old Duke." Van
Deusen. Life of Clay, 337; Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1697.
42 State Department of Archives and History
sistency; whereas Mr. S. undergoes a new apostacy with every
moon, if his interest may require it.-
Wise''^ has been permitted to pass — All willing that he might
have the money, which it is said, he much needs, & go out of the
country — Though a few of us, did not feel at liberty to endorse
him in person. -
Every thing here indicates the almost certain election of
Mr. Clay.- If we cannot beat Mr. Van Buren, we can beat no
one.- Every intelligent Whig here, desires the contest to be with
him.- The Whigs, therefore, have avoided in all cases, during
this session, & especially at the opening of it, to cooperate to
any extent with his unfriendly allies, to weaken him.- At the
meeting of Congress if the Whigs would have cooperated, he
nor his could have succeeded in the appointment of any of their
officers.- The Whigs- many of them- with that Bourbon
spirit- "That forgets nothing, & learns nothing," were ready to
do it, for the wise [sic] reason, that it would make temporary
mischief, & produce animosities, in the ranks of their natural
enemies.- That however, was prevented by the most decisive &
even violent action.- The consequence is, that Mr. V. B. is fixed
in the Loco-foco Saddle.-
We shall unhorse him at the first encounter, without pre-
senting even a "sharp point".-
A compromize Candidate- Cass for instance, would have
greatly endangered us in Penn: & Ohio.- Whereas, as against
Mr V. B. these states are regarded as absolutely certain. -
What think you of Mr Calhoun's chivalry ?^^ Has the world
ever seen so much bluster & gasconade issue in such puny &
pusillanimous results?
If you see your Father, present him my best respects & most
affectionate regards.- I will not revive painful recollections, by
saying how deeply & painfully, I was grieved & afflicted, at the
late deplorable & irreparable calamity that Heaven permitted
to fall upon his house & his old age.-^^ I learned from Doct.
Webb & others, that he bore himself up with remarkable for-
fi^Henry A. Wise, who had great influence with Tyler, was appointed minister to Brazil. He
had declined an appointment as Secretary of the Navy in 1841 and had been appointed minister to
France in 1843. This nomination to France was not confirmed. He served as minister to Brazil from
1844 to 1847. Btog. Dir. of Cong., 1720; Hillsborough Recorder, February 22. 1844.
''^After being defeated in the state Democratic conventions in New York and Massachusetts in
1843 and after being decisively defeated by the Van Buren forces in the organization of the House
of Representatives, Olhoun, on December 21, 1843, announced that he would not be a candidate
and would not have anything to do with the Democratic convention. As a result. South Carolina
refused to select delegates to the National Convention. Wiltse, Calhoun: Sectionalist, 144-147.
^^Rebecca (Bennehan) Cameron, the wife of Duncan Cameron, died in early November, 1843.
John Struthers & Son to Duncan Cameron, Cameron Papers.
The Mangum Papers 43
titude- that rather indicates to my mind, the intensity of hid-
den griefs — the more intense in proportion to the manly effort
to repress their exhibtion. May God give strength, & sanctify
the bereavement to the household. To Mr. Bennehan you will
also, be pleased to present my respect & most kindly regards. -
Will you all meet Mr Clay at Raleigh in April? I hear, that
he designs to be in Raleigh on his birthday, the 12^^. of April.-
I hope old Orange ''Will be there." Would it not be well for
the patriotic ladies of Raleigh to be moved to offer a spendid
banner to the county which shall send the largest delegation
having regard to the population of the respective counties, &
their distance from the seat of Govt?
The ratio to be settled by a comm." of intelligent Gentle-
men.- If you think there is anything in this thought, will you
communicate with Mr Badger on the subject?
I trust, indeed, I am sure, that the hospitalities & affectionate
regards of the "old North" towards her illustrious guest will be
neither sparingly nor grudgingly tendered.-
With my best respects to Mrs. Cameron I beg you to accept
the assurance of my respect & most
friendly regards
Willie P. Mangum
To—
Paul C. Cameron esq.
WPM-LC
Robert Ransom^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Warren County Feby 10th. 1844
Dr. Sir
& friend
Suffer me again to call on you, to aid me, in procuring
the situation at West Point, for my Son, Robert whose name
has been enrolled in the proper department as an applicant for
eighteen months or longer. He is a Boy of fine promise, and
comes fully up in all particulars to the schedule sent me by the
Secretary of War. (Spencer) I refer you to his preceptor Mr.
Ezell of Warrenton, & my neighbours for his qualifications and
5' See above. III, 84n.
44 State Department of Archives and History
moral character. I am as you are well apprised a very poor
man, and a large family to support, or I v^ould seek some other
mode to Educate my Son. This District has w^ith one or two ex-
ceptions been represented with the Sons of one family for a
long number of years not of the same name but of same blood
at West Point. Hoping you will see the Secretary of War, and
use your influence immediately, as I can hope nothing from
our Representative Mr. DanieP^ to whom I wrote a month ago,
& have not heard a word from. Hoping to hear from you soon
I am as ever your friend respectfully and
truly
Robt. Ransom.
Honl. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed:]
The Honl. Willie P. Mangum
Washington
D. C
WPM-LC
Walter Lenox & others to Willie P. Mangum.^^
Washington, February 14, 1844.
To the Hon. Willie P. Mangum M.C.
Sir:
The undersigned, Executive Committee of the Clay Club of
Washington City, take the liberty to inform you, that the Whigs
of Washington, emulating the spirit which animates their patri-
otic Whig brethren throughout the Union, have formed an Asso-
ciation under the name of ''The Clay Club of Washington City,"
and are eager to lend all the aid that may be in their power to
forward the good cause, and secure for it a glorious and en-
during triumph by the election of HENRY CLAY to the Presi-
dency. In their efforts for the advancement of the cause, they
hope to have the co-operation of the Whig Members of Con-
gress by their Executive Committee, and the object of this
communication is respectfully to invite their co-operation.
The undersigned propose taking a suite of rooms on Pennsyl-
vania Avenue, south side, between 9th and 10th streets, one or
Bsjohn R. J. Daniel.
^'^This is a printed circular.
The Mangum Papers 45
two of which may be used by the Congressional Committee, if
they should deem it advisable.
We have the honor to be,
With great respect,
Your obedient servants,
Walter Lenox, Geo. W. Harkness,
John A. Blake, Leonard Harbaugh,
Sylvanus Holmes, Isaac Beers,
Rich'd C. Washington, R. H. Stewart,
Seth Hyatt, Wm. Thompson,
Samuel Bacon, Geo. Watterston,
R. S. Patterson, J. I. Henshaw,
Jos. Borrows, L. H. Hewitt.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Mrs. Scotts Ind. Avenue
Opp. City Hall.
WPM-LC
Horace T. Royster^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Perry County Ala Feb'ry 15th. /'44
Dear Sir
When I last saw you in Granville on your way to Washing-
ton you promised me if I had any business you would attend
to it cheerfully. I believe I then suggested to you, that in all
probability, I should send on a petition for the establishment of
a post office. I have settled myself North from Marion six miles.
And have a very extensive practice. My practice since June
last being worth Two Thousand Dollars. I have enclosed^^ you
a petition which you will understand by reference to it. I do
not know but what I ought to have enclosed to post Master
Genl. and requested your aid in the matter. Your attention to
this matter will confer a great favour on me. We have invited
Mr. Clay to visit us on his way to the Old North State I had the
Honour of being one of the Committee I understood on yester-
•'OA native of Granville County, North Carolina, Royster moved to Alabama where he practiced
law near Marion. He sent his son to the University of North Carolina. Grant, Alumni Hist, of U.
N. C, 539.
^^This enclosure is not in the Mangum Papers.
46 State Department of Archives and History
day he would be in Mobile by 25th. Int. We have not received
an answer from him yet. the friends of Mr. Clay are anxious
that he should not only come here, but further north he is in-
vited to Tuscaloosa. ^^ I feel more anxious to have the office
established prayed for, on account of the approaching Presi-
dential election. The people in this region will be dissatisfied
with the nomination of Mr. V. I have an extensive intercourse
with the people not only in this but adjacent vicinities, and so
far as an investigation of their political feelings have been de-
veloped to me they (the Democrats) say almost unanimously
that if they cannot vote for Mr Calhoun, they undoubtably will
go for Mr Clay in preference to Mr Van Buren. It is my opin-
ion that a supineness in the whigs have produced the result of
past defeat all that is necessary at present to produce among the
Whigs here, the spirit of the whigs of N.C., and I venture the
prediction that they will carry the state in the presidential elec-
tion— Greater triumphs have been achieved in other states
where the odds have been more decidedly against us. A plan
that [has] system about it and carried on with determined energy
& unfaltering steps will accomplish wonders in any undertaking.
The region of Country expected to be benefitted by the office
wished know nothing about Politics, but what they are told by
Demagoges - they are mostly Loco's - but will vote for Mr
Clay in preference for Van — I know of but few who take pa-
pers, among them a Central Clay club has been determined on
in Marion and auxilliaries throughout the county, (One in this
region and will be at my office ) . I have nothing of news to write
you, only the people are perfectly sick of specie, it is flowing
into the Country by Thousands and Large planters are willing
to give specie checks on Mobile for Ala. money. Has the Large
influx of specie into this Country been the effect of the hereto-
fore depreciated condition of our money or is it the effect of the
Tariff or what - Many speculations here about it. The ignorant
part of the community who are democrats, begin to say it is not
what they expected it to be, they prefer paper — The Gold Hum-
bug has at last exploded, and the Whig Doctrine with respect
the currency, will be found to be the only safe and efficient one.
I am of opinion the name of Henry Clay will aid much our cause
^^Clay's itinerary included New Orleans, Mobile, Montgomery, Columbus, Macon, Savannah,
Wilmington, Raleigh. On July 1, 1844, he wrote Stephen F. Miller, of Tuscaloosa, a letter explaining
his stand on Texas. Niles' Register, LXV, 331; LXVI, 105, 106, 372.
The Mangum Papers 47
in this State Your attention to my request will be reciprocated
by any favour in my power. I am Dr Sir
With Sentiments of high regard
Your friend & Obt Svt
Horace T. Royster.
Any Documents which you may think worth sending direct
them to Marion or Perry C. H.
[Addressed:] To,
The Honbl. Wiley P. Mangum
President of the Senate.
Washington
D. C.
Mail.
WPM-LC
Calvin Colton^^ to Willie P. Mangum,
Carlton House, New York Feby 15 — /44
My Dear Sir,
I stopped a day in Philadelphia, & our man, Mr. Reynolds,^*
talked very bravely in response to my suggestion of having some
of my Tracts translated into German. — I am not sure whether it
will be better to have it done here or there. If you will address
me here on the subject, as proposed, it will doubtless facilitate
the operation, if it can be started at all, as is quite probable.
I hope to send you a copy of my Tract, Labor & Capital, next
week.
Allow me to say a word about putting Mr. True^^ to work —
He will find enough to do at once, all or most of which would not
otherwise be done. The importance of sowing seed early I need
not speak of. — I am glad you are at the head of the Senate Com-
mittee.^^ A joint meeting with the Finance Committee of the
63See above. III, 23 5n.
"^Possibly John Reynolds, a former editor of the Lancaster Weekly Journal. Philip Shriver Klein,
Pennsylvania Politics 1817-1832: A Game Without Rule, Philadelphia, 1940, 221-222.
^Possibly Lambert True who was a clerk in the Washington post office.
^Mangum headed the Senate Whig Committee for the campaign of 1844.
48 State Department of Archives and History
House, (Mr. Winthrop, Chairman) might start the business, by
the weight of your finger. —
Very Respectfully Yours
C. COLTON
Hon. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington
D. C—
WPM-LC
Thurlow Weed to Willie P. Mangum.
Albany, Feb. 15, 1844
Hon Willie Mangum,
Dear Sir,
I am informed that the Whig Members of our Legislature
have addressed a Letter to you, expressive of the high sense
they entertain of the firmness and patriotism of the Whig Mem-
bers of the Body over which you preside, as manifested in the
Rejection of the nomination of Mr. John Spencer for a Judge
of the U. S. Supreme Court.
The publication of that Letter in the National Intelligencer,
and its re-publication throughout this State would do much
good. Mr Spencer boa[s]ts that the Delegation in Congress
from this State, were for him. The Whig Members of the Legis-
lature and the Whig Press throughout the State, are with the
Senate and against Mr Spencer.
If in your judgment there is no impropriety in publishing
that Letter, you will render good service to the cause by send-
ing a copy of it to Messrs. Gales & Seaton.
Very truly Yours,
Thurlow Weed
[Addressed : ]
To the Honorable
W. Mangum
President of the Senate
Washington
The Mangum Papers 49
WPM-LC
Will. A. Graham to Willie P. Mangum.
HiLLSBORO'
Feby 17th 1844.
My Dear Sir
During the Canvass of 1840, I placed in your hands my
Journals of the Genl. Assembly of 1834 & 1838, as also some
other papers & documents - among the rest a Milton news-
paper containing the speech of Mr. Brown on presenting the
resolutions of the Legislature of 1838. I have never expected to
have use for them again, but in the present canvass I find they
may become necessary, and therefore I beg, if you can have
them hunted up at home, that you will direct them to be sent
to me — I have no plan of a campaign marked out as yet. I am
invited to meet Mr Clay at Wilmington, and cant decline going
tho' I presume but little can be effected in my line, on such an
occasion. I had expected to be with him at Raleigh, & I suppose
must be. When I was there at the Supreme Court, I attended
a meeting of the Central Committee and suggested that they
should invite Messrs Crittenden, Morehead, Foster & Jarnagan
to meet with Mr Clay in Raleigh. For I very much fear that he
will be so much taxed by calls on him to speak that he will be
either exhausted, or compelled to give offence. I go tomorow
to Guilford Co. Court, & after the Co. Court here the ensuing
week will be at Granville. At each of which, if desired I will
address the people. My impression is, that not much will be
effected in Canvassing the Eastern Counties, and that the great
contest must be in the middle & Western sections. As far as I
can hear, our friends are sanguine and confident. The adversary
doubting, but disposed to exertion. I think we have little to
hope from division in their ranks. The friends of Mr Calhoun
will hardly seperate, but will fall into the line of Van Buren
upon his making some new promises or renewing old ones, that
neither party will ever expect to be fulfilled. What say you?
50 State Department of Archives and History
We are hoping that Judge Nash^^ will be appointed to the
vacancy on the Bench of the Supreme Court. I have not time
to v^rite more at the moment, and remain
With high regard
Your Friend & Servt
Will. A. Graham
Hon W. P. Mangum Prest. Sen. U. S.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
President Senate U. S.
Washington City.
[Post marked:] Hillsboro N. C.
Feb 20
WPM-LC
Henry W. Miller to Willie P. Mangum.
Raleigh Feby: 22nd 1844
My Dear Sir:
It affords me much pleasure to inform you that at a recent
meeting of the 'Wake Clay Club' you v^ere unanimously elected an
honorary member thereof: - and I have been instructed to in-
vite you to be present on the 12th April at which time we ex-
pect Mr Clay — It is our desire to give him a cordial and en-
thusiastic welcome. — Accept the best wishes of
Very Truly & Resply
H. W. Miller.
Prdt: W. C. Club.
Honl. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Honl. W. P. Mangum
Washington City
^^William Gaston, who was one of the three justices of the state supreme court, died in 1844.
Frederick Nash was elected to succeed him. The other two justices were chief justice Thomas Ruffin
and associate justice Joseph J. Daniel. N. C. Manual, 446.
The Mangum Papers 51
WPM-LC
Washington Hunt^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
House of Representatives
Feb 22. 1844
My dear Sir,
I enclosed your letter to my friend Benjamin F. Rexford
Esqr, who has made his son illustrious by conferring your name
upon him. Perhaps I ought to add that Mr. R. is a member of the
Bar of Chenango County in our State, of the highest worth
and respectability.
I have just received a reply from him, in which he desires
me **to convey to Mr. Mangum his grateful acknowledgements
for his note, so full of beauty, kindness and generosity." He
adds **It will not be the fault of the parents if the child so felic-
itously named shall fail to live and act in a manner becoming
the name-sake, both of the chivalrous ante-Revolutionary Pa-
triot of North Carolina, and the distinguished Statesman who
presides over the councils of the national Senate" and "that he
hopes to be able before Mr. Mangum leaves the Senate to have
the pleasure of calling upon him personally, and assuring him
of his high appreciation of this mark of favor, which is as
gratifying as it was unexpected."
Praying you to accept the expression of my high regard and
consideration,
I remain. Dear Sir,
Yours truly,
W. Hunt.
Honble.
Willie P. Mangum,
President of the Senate &c. &c.
WPM-LC
James Wm. McCulloh to Willie P. Mangum.^^
Treasury Department
Comptroller's Office.
23.^ Feby 1844.
Sir,
When the Report that was made on the 26.*^ Ultimo by the
First Auditor in favor of Ralph H. Graves, for the principal and
^See above, 38n.
e^See above, 23-24, and below, 227.
52 State Department of Archives and History
interest owing on two Treasury notes, of one hundred dollars
each- the right hand half parts whereof have been lost; the
said Ralph having delivered a bond of indemnity, in the form
usually required, when payments are made on account of lost,
or destroyed Treasury notes; I deemed it to be my duty, con-
sidering the circumstances of the case, as set forth in the pa-
pers delivered to prove the loss of the said half parts, and the
relations of the parties who have been, are and might be im-
mediately or remotely interested in the said notes and case-
to suggest that evidence ought to be required, which would
prove satisfactorily, that all who claim in the premises under
Richard S. Graves, do so in good faith- because the said notes,
with many others, were issued in his favor- and delivered to
him, at this Department, as the Treasurer of the State of Missis-
sippi.
Since that suggestion was communicated to the claimant-
an affidavit, made on the the 10th. Instant by Eliza J. Thomp-
son, sister of Richard S. Graves, had been furnished- and I am
satisfied by its averments, and the statements that were pre-
viously made by her and R. H. Graves, of his and her good
faith- but, I still deem it necessary, as the payment of said
claim to him will be in effect a payment to Elijah Graves, that
the said Elijah shall also state, under oath, all that he knew or
believed concerning the appropriation and remittance of said
two Treasury notes, or half parts thereof, at the date of said pro-
ceedings - that his good faith, in the premises, may also be
thereby made manifest: and of this, I most respectfully apprize
you, as through your kindness, the claimant has hitherto com-
municated with this Department.
With great respect
Your Obdt. Servt.
James W^ McCulloh
[Addressed : ] Comptroller.
To the Honorable Willie P. Mangum
President of U. S. Senate.
Note)-'^^
It would seem that Elijah Graves must shew, that the Treas:
Notes passed into his hands for valuable & bona fide considera-
tion.
W. P. Mangum
'^'^This note is in Mangum's handwriting.
The Mangum Papers 53
WPM-LC
Septimus Tuston^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington D. C.
February 24, 44.
To the Hon —
The President of the Senate,
Dear Sir
I deeply regret that the usual devotional exercises
at the opening of the Senate should have been pretermitted
in consequence of any apparent delinquency on my part. The
"weekly interchange" required by the joint resolution will ex-
plain my absence from the Senate during the present week and
the "aequo pede" of the clocks in both ends of the Capitol will
account for the apparent tardiness of my colleague on the two
past mornings. Be pleased Sir to overlook the past and unless
Providence interposes there will be no similar omission in fu-
ture. I thank you for the kind & generous spirit in which Mr
Dickens^^ at your request communicated your wishes on the
subject.
Most cordially & gratefully
Your friend & obt svt-
Septimus Tuston
To the Hon Mr Mangum
President of the Senate
Present —
[Addressed : ]
To the Hon Mr. Mangum
President of the Senate
Washington
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to W. A. Graham.^^
Washington City 26th Feby 1844
My dear Sir:
I shall write home immediately, & have a thorough search
made for the documents you desire. '^^ Last summer I made a
'^Chaplain of the Senate.
''^He refers to Asbury Dickins, secretary of the Senate at this time.
'"flhe original is in the William A. Graham Papers, Department of Archives and History,
Raleigh, N. C.
■^^See above, William A, Graham to W. P. Mangum, February 17, 1844.
54 State Department of Archives and History
partial search for them, for the use of Mr. Nash. — The whole
of my papers, documents etc. were removed, during my absence
from home, & placed, where they were almost inaccessible. I
am sure, they are at home, & safe, & I fear too safely placed
away to be found in my absence.
We think here, that your success is entirely certain, & yet
none of the usual exertions should be remitted. — I concur in the
opinion, that not a great deal can be accomplished by your
presence in the East, but notwithstanding, I think, you ought
to make an effort to pass through the Eastern Counties this
spring. By judicious arrangements, it may be accomplished in
a forthnight [sic].
I think, you will do well to go to Wilmington. — Though
much may not be done, yet you will have paid them the Com-
pliment of a visit. You will then be enabled to go to Newbern,
taking the principal points on your route to Newbern, & then
sweep through northwardly, say, Washington, Plymouth, per-
haps, Williamston, Windsor, Edenton, Hartford in Perquimans
Elizabeth City — Hence to Gates, Winton — Jackson & Halifax
& thence homeward —
Afterwards, can't you set out at Fayetteville & pass through
Deberry's district? The residue of the time should be given to
the Midland Counties & the Mountains — The extreme West
ought to be canvassed fully — If it shall be done, you will beat
Hoke^^ there, farther than did Gov Morehead, his opponent —
Hoke & his friends count largely upon breaking into the Whig
ranks in the West. — I heard this while he was here on a visit —
He did not come to see me. His time was busily applied to in-
tercourse with the leading Loco-foco's, & I suppose, in garnering
up, documentary matter for the Campaign. He however, said
here that he must be beaten from 6 to 8,000 Votes.
My Hon: Colleague''^'^ is understood to be very busily en-
gaged in writing letters & sending matter into the State, &
especially, in the Counties west of the Yadkin. How much my
dear Sir, I am disappointed in regard to his force, the intent of
his calibre, & general ability. — That disappointment reaches his
political friends. — The most elegant & consummate dandy in our
grave & plain body, he undoubtedly is, & industrious, looking
into the papers minutely, but constantly missing the Senatorial
'^Michael Hoke. The vote for the two candidates was: Graham 42, 586 and Hoke 39, 433.
Norton, Democratic Party in N. C, 106, 149, 152.
'«WiUiam H. Haywood, Jr.
The Mangum Papers 55
pitch, & taking the merest microscopical & technical views of
everything — ^fertile in suggesting difficulties & adroit & un-
surpassable in flushing ( as the sportsmen say. ) mere shadows. —
He made his debut, upon a question of remitting a forfeiture of
$50, incurred by the Capt or Master of a Vessel from Maine, for
some irregularity in his registry discovered at New Orleans. —
The whole learning of the Case had been minutely & accurately
examined, & was exhibited to the Senate with striking ability —
the debate between him & Fairfield^^ of Maine (a very dull
man. ) ran through two or three days — that is, parts [of] 3 days.
Huntington^^ assisting Fairfield in a short speech, designed to
be exceedingly sarcastic & contemptuous — & the Vote was final-
ly taken — though I could not vote with my colleague, yet I did
feel for the North State, when "her Senator/' after brewing a
storm in a teapot, got only 3, 4, or 5 votes to back the affluence
& variety of his learning — ^The rest has been very much of a
piece with the first exhibition "ex uno disce" etc. & yet he may
be troublesome. — I stand upon terms of great civility with him,
& unless he be disposed to strike in the dark, his dispositions
seem well enough. —
As all this is contrary to my wont, it is designed only for
your eye. For, I shall make it a point to observe great delicacy
towards him unless he shall violate the Courtesies of our rela-
tions.
My Colleague was as well understood here in a fortnight, as
he is in Raleigh. — He set out a very busy contriver — I think, he
has remitted somewhat. The new Senator from Maryland,
Pearce^^ after their first meeting in committee, asked me grave-
ly, if my colleague was not educated at St. Omers College?
Clingman, who obviously feels that he could not meet you with-
out experiencing some unpleasant twinges, is very much dis-
posed to make what reparation he may, by doing all he can for
your election. — He has frequently urged me, to press upon you
the expediency of going into every county in the Mountain
Country. — He & Barringer will fill their districts with all the
matter, that may be deemed useful.
We are getting ready much matter for distribution between
■^Uohn Fairfield, 1797-1847, was Senator from Maine from 1843 until his death in 1847.
Biog. Dir. of Cong., 955.
78Jabez Williams Huntington, 1788-1847, was Senator from Conneaicut from 1840 to 1847.
Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1133.
'^^James Alfred Pearce, 1804-1862, was Senator from Maryland from 1843 until his death in
1862. A Whig in 1844, he later became a Democrat. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1394. Pearce here
implies that Haywood was Jesuitical since St. Omer's was a Jesuit school.
56 State Department of Archives and History
$1600 & $1800 have been raised here to procure documents etc.
rooms are engaged & the Clay Club have propose to furnish
clerks to direct all the documents, that may be furnished &
franked. In about a fortnight, the w^ork v^ill commence. Clay
can't be arrested. Van Buren w^ill be the candidate, & is already
beaten in the public mind. — That is much. We feared early in
the winter, that he might be driven off — But Benton, you know,
is worth his Weight in gold^^ — He beat V. B. in 1840, & his
policy, only makes assurance doubly sure, that the party will be
beaten in '44.
The Whigs here, at the beginning of the session, declined all
connexion that tended to weaken Mr. V. B. Everything turned
out as they wished. The Calhoun men surrender with the most
broken & pusillanimous spirit ever witnessed — They will general-
ly fall in — not Calhoun himself but the paltrily ambitious men in
his ranks, lest they may loose position.
Cass' friends are moving in Penn: New Jersey, & New York.
Last week they carried the State convention of N.J. over which
Geo. [Gen.] Wall (V.B.) presided with an overwhelming ma-
jority. That is working well. You will have seen that Capt
Tyler's democratic Conventions^ will be held in Baltimore on
the same day, that the general Loco or V.B. Convention is to
be held. They will make terms, for an old coat with a twist of
Tobacco thrown in; but if that cannot be done, (as I think, it
cannot) his friends will set up for themselves, until the pieces
of silver (not 30 an half dozen will suffice) are forth coming.
Some yet entertain fears that V.B. may be given up, but you
& I, who know the master spirit of the party, know better. —
To withdraw V.B. is to disband & to surrender the Contest. —
Gov. Morehead^- went to Connecticut — all well there — Our
friends don't doubt. He will return today or tomorrow. —
I hope Orange will send her full quota to Raleigh — I write,
while Dayton^^ is speaking, & now must close.
Most Truly yr friend etc
Willie P. Mangum
st^Benton, as a leader of the Van Buren forces, was very unpopular with Calhoun's supporters.
^iJn April, 1844, " "a large number of republicans' " assembled in Washington to organize a
movement for Tyler's nomination. The meeting recommended a convention in Baltimore of the
" 'Democratic republicans.' " The convention was held May 27. According to Tyler, about 1000
delegates from all parts of the Union were in the convention. In accepting the nomination, he re-
ferred to the convention as a "Democratic" convention. Tyler's friends suggested that he seek the
nomination of the regular Democratic convention, but he refused to make the effort. Chitwood, Life
of Tyler, 515-ill.
s^Gov. J. T. Morehead, Senator from Kentucky.
ssWilliam L. Dayton, 1807-1864, was Senator from New Jersey from 1842 to 1851, Biog.
Dir. of Cong., 891.
The Mangum Papers 57
WPM-LC
Memucan Hunt^^ to Willie P. Mangum
( Private )
Galveston, Texas, 27th February 1844
To
Hon. W. P. Mangum, Pres't. U. S. S.
My Dear Sir,
I have the pleasure to introduce to your acquaintance,
herewith, my esteemed friend W. D. Miller Esqr.,^^ Secretary of
our secret embassy at Washington. Gen. J. Pinckney Hender-
son,^^ formerly of North Carolina, is charged with that import-
ant trust, which is for the purpose of accomplishing, if possible,
the union of this country and the U. S.
Mr. Miller is formerly of Alabama, and brought with him
to this country letters from Judge Martin^^ of N. C. to me. -
He has been a member of our congress and for more than the
last two years private Secretary of President Houston. There is
no gentleman in Texas who more fully possesses my confidence
in all the relations of life than Mr. Miller does. You will find
him very inteligent and discreet;- No one possesses a better
knowledge of the affairs of Texas than he does. I therefore re-
fer you to him for the state of our local and foreign affairs.
Your respectful consideration to Mr. Miller during his resi-
dence in Washington will be a kindness to your friend,
Memucan Hunt
[Addressed : ]
Hon W. P. Mangum
Pres.t U. S. S.
Washington City
Introducing )
Mr Miller )
^*See above, II, 226n.
^^At this time William D. Miller was on his way to Washington to become Secretary of the
Texan commissioners, Isaac Van Zandt and J. P. Henderson. In writing Jackson, February 16, 1844,
Houston stated that he was directing his "Private Secretary and confidential friend, W. D. Miller,
Esq., to convey my personal salutations and embraces to you, with authority to communicate everything
upon every subject. Mr. Miller is a young gentleman who has been with me in my office since the
commencement of my present administration. He knows all my actions and understands all my mo-
tives. I have concealed nothing from him — nor will he conceal anything from you." Bassett (ed. ),
Cor. of Jackson, VI, 263, 276-277.
^James Pinckney Henderson, 1808-1858, a native of Lincoln County, North Carolina, studied
and practiced law in Lincolnton until he moved to Mississippi in 1835. After recruiting troops and
fighting for Texan independence, he was appointed attorney general of Texas in 1836 and secretary
of state in 1837. He represented the Republic of Texas in Europe in 1838 and in the United
States in 1844. He was the first governor of Texas after her admission to the Union. From 1857
to 1858 he was United States Senator. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1086.
^7He probably refers to James Martin, judge of the Superior Court of North Carolina from 1827
to 1835 or Francois Xavier Martin formerly of North Carolina and in 1844 chief justice of Louisiana.
58 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
H. W. Miller to ««
Raleigh Feby 27, 1844.
Dear Sir:
I have been instructed by the ''Wake Clay Club" at one of
its recent meetings to give you an invitation to be present on
the 12th of April next at v^^hich time v^e expect to welcome our
distinguished Countryman Henry Clay. —
I comply virith the wishes of the Club most cordially & trust
you will find it convenient to attend on that occasion. — Let me
hear from you. —
I am Very Respectfully
H. W. Miller
Presdt: Wake C. Club
WPM-LC
George Wallace McGiffin & others to Willie P. ManguTn.
Washington Hall, Feb. 27th/44
To W. P. Mangum,
Dear Sir,
The undersigned, members of the Washington Litterary
Society of Washington College, ^^ are constituted a committee, to
inform you of your election as an honorary member of their
body. Permit us to accompany with this intimation, the as-
surance of our individual regard, and warmest wishes for your
personal welfare and happiness.
With the highest regard for you and
yours we remain, your friends —
Geo. Wallace McGriffin
J. N. [torn]
J. H. Oliver.
Hon W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate,
Washington
D. C.
^^This was probably addressed to W. P. Mangum.
^^he future Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.
The Mangum Papers 59
WPM-LC
Saml. S. Phelps^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington 2^ March 1844
Hon W. P. Mangum,
Sir — The bearer Mr. J. R. Lambdin^^ who has been intro-
duced to me as a distinguished artist of Philadelphia, has ap-
plied to me as Chairman of the Com^. on Patents, & also to Mr
Dayton^2 ^h.^ of the Com^. on Pub Buildings, for the use of
our Committee Room, as a Studio, when not wanted by us — I
have consulted with the members of the Committees & find
there is no objection as far as we are concerned to grant his ap-
plication
Very Respectfully
Yr. Mo— obt. Sevt.
Hon. W. P. Mangum ^^^l- S- Phelps
Prest. of the Senate
[Addressed : ]
Hon Willie P. Mangum
Senate U. S.
Washington City
WPM-LC
O. H. Tiffany to Willie P. Mangum.
Dickinson College,
Carlisle Penna.
March 4th, 44.
Sir.
It becomes my pleasing duty to inform you of your election
as an Honorary Member of the Union Philosophical Society of
Dickinson College.
Yrs with much respect
O. H. Tiffany,
Corres. Sec. U.P.S.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Pres. U. S. Senate
Washington D. C.
^Samuel S. Phelps, 1793-1855, a native of Connecticut and graduate of Yale University, settled
in Middlebury, Vermont, to praaice law. After serving as paymaster in the War of 1812 and after
holding several state offices, including judge of the Vermont Supreme Court, he entered the United
States Senate in 1839 and served until 1851 and from 1853 to 1854. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1408.
siLambdin, the famous portrait painter, painted one of the best portraits available of Mangum.
This was included as frontispiece to volume II of these papers.
^See above, 56n.
60 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Isaac N. Jones^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington [Ark.] 6th. Mar: '44
Hon. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Dear Sir
Permit me to intrude a request upon you which from
its importance in a national point of view I hope you will ex-
cuse.
We live in a State which (from its representation in con-
gress being entirely of Loco faith) is but poorly supplied with
ought but 'Loco' speeches, documents &c. Now will you do us
the favor to address us with whig documents of whatever kind
you think will be advantageous. We have here a Clay Club
which meets regularly the last Saturday of every month. In
this town we have 40 Whigs to some 18 Locos. There is a fair
prospect for the emancipation of this state at the next Election
from Locoism. I reed, from our Col. Sevier^* (U. S. Senate)
Mr McDuffie's speech in answer to Messrs: Evans & Hunting-
ton upon the Tariff. But so far as I know no copy of those
gentlemen's speeches has reached here except in a newspaper.
Two or three dozn. of those speeches will be of great use to
the cause here.
I do not know whether you will recognize in my signature
one of yr. old acquaintances of Oxford No. C; But be assured
that (though I may have long since been forgotten by you) as
a citizen of my native State you have not been unnoticed by me,
to whom your elevation is a matter of no little gratification.
Very truly yr friend &c
Isaac N. Jones M.D.
[Addressed : ]
Hon: W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Mail. Washington City.
"^Isaac N. Jones, a native of Granville County, was a student at the University of North Caro-
lina in 1816. He became a physician in Caswell County before he moved to Arkansas and Texas. In
Texas he was on the commission to survey the Texas boundary in 1839- Grant, Ahimni Hist, of
U. N, C, 328; George P. Garrison, (ed. ), Diplomatic Correspondence of the Republic of Texas in
A. H. A. Report of 1908, II, 53.
^Ambrose Hundley Sevier, Senator from Arkansas, 1836-1848; George McDuflRe, Senator from
South Carolina, 1842-1847; George Evans, Senator from Maine, 1841-1847; and Jabez Williams
Huntington, Senator from Conneaicut, 1840-1847.
The Mangum Papers 61
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to Willie P. Mangum.
[9 March 1844]
My Dear Sir.
Dr. Peachy^^ of Williamsburgh, Virginia, was yesterday nom-
inated Consul at Amoy, China. Mr. Brothers who is a Brother-
in-law of the Dr. informs me that this is an act of personal
friendship to an old neighbor - Dr. P. being a Clay -Whig, & at
this time laboring for Hill Carter in that District.
I was writing to Mr. Webster on business last night, and took
occasion to say that I had heard him spoken most kindly of by
you & Gov. Morehead in the course of the Evening.^^ You may
win him entirely to day, after you & the Governor have reached
the third Bottle - a period when he & you, & all good fellows are
in the melting mood. I feel quite sure that you can, if you will,
Send him home an aroused & zealous Clay man. Believe me
Very sincerely & Truly
Your friend
J. Watson Webb
Saturday March 9/44
Hon W. P. Mangum.
P.S. I have arrived at the conclusion, much as I desire to see
a modification of the tariff on every thing but Iron & WooZZen,
that it is safest to leave things untouched.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
WPM-LC
W. J. Bingham^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
HiLLSBORo' N. C. March 11th. 1844—
Dear Sir;
I addressed you a line a month or six weeks ago requesting
of you the favour to send me a few grains of the 'Multicole rye',
s^William S. Peachy was a lawyer of Williamsburg in 1851. Livingston, Law Register, 1851, 586.
^^Webb was trying at this time to get the Whigs to select Webster as the Presidential candidate.
See above, 9n, 14.
^See above, W. J. Bingham to W. P. Mangum, December 28, 1843.
62 State Department of Archives and History
which I observe from the Agricultural papers, is at the Patent
office for distribution. I have now to request a greater favour. —
A gentleman residing in Pinckney, Missouri, has been owing
me about a hundred dollars for some years, & is, I have every
reason to believe, very good for the money. But I can't act on
him except through an agent in his neighborhood. Will you be
so good as to learn from some one of the Missouri members
what trusty agent I can employ, and give me his address?
I am happy to be able to inform you that Mr. Graham's
health is steadily improving, and he is expected soon to be well
enough to come home. I presume you are aware he has been
confined at Greensboro' for more than a fortnight. — Things
here as usual. —
Very respectfully,
Yr. obed't ser't
W. J. Bingham,
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington
[Postmarked:] Hillsboro N. C. Mar 12
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington :
D. C.
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to Messrs. Willie P. Mangum
and J. T. Morehead.
[13 March, 1844]
Messrs. Mangum & Morehead
Gentlemen.
I greatly regret that my detention by my Loco Foco friend
WilkinSj^^ who I beat at whist and who is about to send me a
Barren of Monongahela promised ten years ago, prevented my
meeting you on Saturday evening when I am well satisfied you
were in "good order & well conditioned." I am consoled how-
ever, with the reflection that you left W. "all right," & that I did
not labour in vain in striving to have you understand each other
s^He probably refers to William Wilkins, of Pennsylvania, who was Democratic Congressman at
this time.
The Mangum Papers 63
more fully. He will now doubtless leave Washington with
kindly feelings ;^^ & his language on his way north & east, & the
impression he will everywhere leave that he is thoroughly with
us & for Mr. Clay, will give increased confidence in Mr. C's suc-
cess; - not because Mr. Webster is with him, but because his
being with us will be attributed to his conviction of the certainty
of our success. Thus while he will influence and give actively
to the cause of his admirers, he will give additional confidence
to those who do not care for him, because his language will be
attributed to a conviction that Mr. Clay's election is inevitable.
Here & through that State, his direct influence upon the action
of those who admire him will be most salutary. In any event
his friends are with us after what we accomplished last autumn;
but they will now be actively instead of passively with us.
The new tariff Bill has created a panic here, & the Loco
Focos circulate every where that it meets Mr. Clay's views who
is now said to be angling for the South. I enclose a few lines
from the Herald, that most worthless of all prints, but which
the Locos always use when they think it can be useful. The en-
closed is precisely the language used by one of Mr. Van Buren's
prominent friends yesterday and which you will find to be the
case of the party at the north. Much as a low tariff is my in-
terest or the assumed interest of the Commercial part of our
community who are my chief support, I am now convinced that
we had better let things remain as they are and not risk any
change. This ground I shall assume broadly to-morrow, offend
whom it may among our shipping friends, and I sincerely hope
that if the House pass the bill reported, the Senate will reject
it without amendment. Let us go into the election with our own
issues as they are & then leave to Mr. Clay & his administration
the work of alteration. Mr. Henry Grinnell, brother of Moses
& one of the large Packet owners, said to me yesterday — *'I
am opposed to the tariff, but I prefer it as it is, or even worse,
to their constant attempt at change. — We want stability & can
accomodate ourselves to any state of things if but assured that
it will be permanent."
I am so fearful of a radical alteration & of new issues for the
coming contest, that I would not even touch Rail Road Iron,
though it would save us $900,000 in the cost of on his Isic] Rail
Road.
»9See above, 9n, 14.
64 State Department of Archives and History
My Brother whom you met at my room on Saturday night,
is a thorough Clay man but was a neighbour of "his accidency"
for fifteen years. He is now a resident of Troy, & is an applicant
for the Post Office in that city. He told Tyler that there was not
a Tyler man in that city - that all are for Clay or Van Buren -
& that he is for Clay. The Captain did not like this, but for auld
lang syne, half promised the office. Tayloe who is in all Tyler's
secrets, said, that if Davis be rejected before the Baltimore Con-
vention, a Loco will be appointed - if after, it will be given to
my Brother. He like any body else takes it for granted that in
no event can Davis be confirmed. I hope his nomination may
sleep till after Van Buren is nominated.
Very Truly Your friend
J. Watson Webb.
March 13 / 44
WPM-LC
M. H. GrinneWo ^^ j Watson Webb.
Thursday noon
14 March 1844.
Dear Col.
Your article of this morning, in regard to the Tariff, is in
accordance with my views — I am truly glad that you have taken
the ground of no change in the present Tariff, and I wish to
God, our friends in Congress would stand upon the same plat-
form. In my humble judgment its the only safe course for the
Whig party to adopt at this time — My interests, you well know
would be benefited if the Free Trade principles were fully car-
ried out, but I cannot in my own conscience support that doc-
trine— I have not a dollars interest, directly or indirectly, in
any manufacturing, but my whole property is in Ships - con-
nected with Commerce —
My Motto is "let well alone" the Country is now prosperous,
every branch of trade is improving, confidence being restored —
and if Congress will only let the present Tariff alone, at least
i-^^See above. III, 248-249. 490.
The Mangum Papers 65
long enough to give it a fair trial, I am sure that all will be
well —
Yours Truly
M. H. Grinnell
To
Jas Watson Webb Esq
[Addressed : ]
To Col. Webb.
WPM-LC
Joseph L. Tillinghast^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Provindence R. I. March 15 1844.
Dear Sir,
As chairman of the Corresponding Committee I have the
honor of informing you that the Clay Club of the City of Provi-
dence, at their late meeting, unanimously elected you an Hon-
orary Member; and this Committee is charged with the pleasing
duty of informing you of your election.
I am. Sir, with the highest respect,
Your Obt. Servt.
Joseph L. Tillinghast
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Willie P. Mangum to John M. Clayton^^^^
Washington City 16th March 1844.
My dear Sir,
Yesterday, I wrote you a line and promised at length to
day.-That, I cannot do, for want of time.
I repeat, that you in my opinion, ought to Stand Still That is
Morehead's opinion, nor does Simmons^^^ dissent from it- Sim-
mons having been mentioned for the Vice Presidency, may have
had some notions floating in his head on the Subject:- Yet I
suppose, he does not think of it, seriously.- He did not know
the contents of Mr. Sargent's^^^ letter.-
I'-iSee above, III, 106n.
i^^he original is in the John M. Clayton Papers, Library of Congress.
losjames T. Morehead, Senator from Kentucky, and James Fowler Simmons, Senator from Rhode
Island.
io4He probably refers to John Sergeant, who was recommended by some for the vice presidential
candidate of the Whigs.
66 State Department of Archives and History
The contest, I think, is narrowed to you and Massa-
chusetts.- Evans^^^ cannot go it.- The Webster interest prevented
him, & enlisted on his side his New^ York influence, & Bates,
Choate,^^^ & to my surprise, the member from Boston.- The
whole thing was still-born. McLean undoubtedly desired it to
the extent of giving some manifest "nibbles" at it, as has been
his won't for the last ten years.- I don't think he was much en-
couraged in any influential quarter.- The thorough Whigs of
his own State, were opposed to it.- Schenck^^^ a fine spirited &
highly gifted man, dryly said, ''I think, I shd. prefer a Whig for
the V. P. "-Mr. Sergeant has never had a chance- and besides,
it is an unlucky ticket, & Capt. Tyler believes in luck.-
Dennig, as well our friend from Washn. Co. Penn. are out
of the question. — Tallmadge^^^ has crippled himself, & his
friends at home, are killing him outright. His course has been
so objectionable, that it would have been fatal to his prospects,
had his strength at home remained unimpaired.- Fillmore will
be pressed with zeal & power.- Backed by the great State, it
may render him formidable —
Yet, so general is the sense of public men here, that he is not
suitable. I cannot think it will require much effort to dispose of
him.
He has neither the talent, devotion or firmness & decision
for so high a station- & besides, how many of my Constituents,
& hundreds of thousands elsewhere, know, who Mr F is.- My
old friend Gov Davis, ^^^ I fear, cannot make a good run.- He
will fail in Virginia, Georgia, Tenessee, & I am very sure, his
popularity has been much impaired at home : - In Penn : he can-
not run as well, as several others.
I cannot lift my finger against him, as I was act & part, and
I believe the first to move (certainly here) his nomination with
Clay at the Faneuil Hall Convention in Sept.^ 1842. It was
known that Webster was to leave here on the 1st. of Sepr. 1842,
for Massachusetts.- The Convention was to be held the 11th or
13th of that month to nominate State officers.- Webster was in high
feather, he had just concluded the treaty which had been ratified
by a Whig Senate with an unanimous Vote of the Whigs, saving
one,- He had made extraordinary efforts to restore cordial re-
losQeorge Evans, Senator from Maine.
loejsaac C. Bates and Rufus Choate, Senators from Massachusetts.
lo^Ferdinand S. Schenck, Senator from New Jersey.
108N. P. Tallmadge, of New York.
loejohn Davis, of Massachusetts.
The Mangum Papers 67
lations with the Whigs of the Senate which was steadily re-
pulsed in those quarters, where he seemed least to desire it.-
Some of us thought, if, after having succeeded in the treaty,
such relations should be restored, the knowledge of it should
precede his return to Mass. that he would be armed with a
formidable power, which I did not doubt wd. be used to crush
or to disband the Clay Whigs.
Gov. Davis was saved up, as an antagonist power in that
State, - and every New England member who was regarded as
true, (& in those days, every one's position was well defined)
was engaged to urge Clay's nomination at that convention, &
to give us Davis, or any other, whom they might deem prefer-
able for V.P. & he should have our hearty support — At least, I
engaged my own, & spoke with entire confidence for my State.-
You know what followed- & after I say, I wrote several letters
to Mass. you can understand my position.- Yet, I do hope,
Davis will decline without discontent, & yield gracefully to the
force of circumstances.- I think, Abbott Lawrence^^^ a prefer-
able Candidate. He would run smoothly & by waving his Wand,
the sinews of War, would spring from the bowels of the earth.
Those sinews so indispensable in the north & east.- Whether,
he is quite of the Calibre, I have my doubts.- Yet, in the event
of the most disastrous contingency, I think the Country might
expect from him a gentlemanly administration, surrounded by
the talent and character of the Country- a thing so much needed,
for the last 10 or 15 years.-
Now as to your humble self- you can do much more service
to the Country in the State Department, where you will be
called, if not otherwise, disposed of .-
I am for you, first, to avoid a bad nomination but if a good
one can be had, I would prefer it. & leave you for other & higher
service.- & yet I think, you can make a better run than any
other- We however, are not so pressed, as to feel the necessity
of determining the question upon our estimate of slight differ-
ences on the strength of the respective Candidates. We must
avoid, placing unnecessary weight upon Clay.- Here is the
whole of it, written in a gallop.- Webster leaves here in reason-
ably good temper, & will not make war on you, if you shall be
nominated.
^^"Abbott Lawrence, 1792-1855, a Boston merchant who served in Congress in 1835-1837 and
1839-1840, was one of the commissioners that settled the northeastern boundary. He was a delegate
to the Whig National Convention in 1844. He declined a post in Taylor's Cabinet but accepted the
appointment of Minister to Great Britain, Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1208; D. A. B., XI, 44.
68 State Department of Archives and History
I put Col. Webb^^^ in possession of all our views- he in-
stantly surrendered Evans, & is ready to go for you v^ith all
his heart.
In truth, you are his first Choice, & he says, you can get
along through the abolition Mires of the North, better than any
northern man.
It ought to be Lawrence or you, if the thing can be managed
without giving sectional offence.-
Davis would surely occupy a distinguished position in the
eye of a new admn. & perhaps, might feel satisfied, if well as-
sured of it-
After all, you must stand Still, or run the hazard of doing the
party much damage, which I know you would not intentionally,
for your right arm-
Very truly
yr friend
Willie P. Mangum
To Hon. I. M. Clayton
I set out to write a page, & here you are on the fifth.
WPM-LC
William B. Reed^^^ to Willie P. ManguTu.
and Enclosure
[17 March, 1844]
My Dear Sir,
Not knowing Mr. Badger's precise address I take the liberty
of asking you to direct and forward the enclosed. I leave it un-
sealed, for you as a North Carolinian to read in the hope that
you too may be able to aid me in the object I have in view.
Excuse the liberty I take and believe me
With sincere regard and respect
faithfully yrs.
William B. Reed.
Philad. March 17 1844
Hon. Mr. Mangum
i^See above letters of J. Watson Webb to W. P. Mangum, March 9. 13. 1844.
"^William B. Reed, 1806-1876, a native of Philadelphia and a graduate of the University of
Pennsylvania, studied law under his uncle, John Sergeant, He went to Mexico and Panama as the
private secretary of Sergeant in 1826. He held numerous state and local offices before he was ap-
pointed by Buchanan as Minister to China, where he helped negotiate the Treaty of Tientsin. In
politics he was anti-mason before he entered the Whig party. In 1856 he went over to the Democrats.
An able lawyer who had intellectual interests, he taught, on a part-time basis, American history at
the University of Pennsylvania and wrote numerous articles on history. D. A. B., XV, 461-462.
The Mangum Papers 69
Enclosure
Philada. March 16, 1844.
My Dear Sir,
I am induced, at the instance of our common friend, Mr.
Sergeant,^^^ to revive a very slight personal acquaintance, and
to ask a favour, which, I am very sure, if in your power, you
will readily grant. I have consented, at the request of a very
respectable literary Institution of this City, principally com-
posed of Roman Catholic gentlemen, to prepare and deliver in
the course of the next month or six weeks a Discourse or Eulogy
on the Life and public services of Judge Gaston. Having under-
taken the task, I wish to make the effort a creditable one, and
to do full and minute justice to the subject. My principal dif-
ficulty is in obtaining a knowledge of the details of Mr. Gaston's
public life after he left Congress, and of his services at home
before he went on the bench, as well as afterwards so far as they
had public interest. — Can you advise me on the subject, or put
me in the way of obtaining the information I desire? I wish to
do full justice to the subject. More than a little practical good
may result from it. Judge Gaston's political opinions were
eminently conservative, and a fair eulogy on his character will
invoke a very decided defence of those opinions which now are
a little out of fashion. My audience must listen and may profit.
Do me the favour to give me an early reference to any materials
that will aid me - any new information respecting his private
life will be acceptable. Was not Mr. Gaston a decided Whig in
his politics.
Apropos of politics, shall we not have the pleasure of meet-
ing you in Baltimore in May? I am one of the senatorial Dele-
gates from this State, and rely on meeting and conferring with
many of our distant friends on the bright though somewhat
perplexed prospect before us. I fear this detestable administra-
tion will give us trouble yet with its Texas and Anti-Anglican
policy.
"^John Sergeant was Reed's uncle.
70 State Department of Archives and History
I presume Mr Clay will soon be with you. Tell him his
Pennsylvania friends are sanguine and active, well organized
and perfectly united.
Very truly & Resp
Yrs.
William B. Reed.
Hon. George. E. Badger.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. George. E. Badger
N. Carolina.
WPM-LC
S. H. Harris^ ^'' to Willie P. Mangum.
Clarksville [Va.]
March 18th 1844
Dear Sir,
The late shocking accident on board the Steam Frigate
Princeton^^^ resulted as you know in the death of one of my
wifes uncles Commo. B. Kennon of the United States Navy. At
the time of his death and for several years previous he had
under his care and protection a young man by the name of
William Kennon a nephew of his and a son of my late Father in
law Col. E. Kennon whom you no doubt will remember. He is
now and has been for several years the clerk of the commander
of the Washington Navy Yard; which appointment he obtained
and held no doubt thro the influence of his uncle. Having lost
his protection and being still under age, his numerous connec-
tions here and Mrs. Harris his sister among others, cannot but
feel deeply interested about him. I am thus induced to ap-
proach you on the subject and solicite for him your notice and
kind offices. I am aware Sir that your present political attitude
may disincline you to ask any boon of the present administra-
tion; but I have thought it not unlikely that the exalted station
which you now fill with so much distinction, might enable you
i"See above, III, 43 n.
i^On February 22, 1844, Optain Stockton of the U. S. S. Princeton, a warship with the most
modern improvements designed by John Ericsson of Monitor fame, took many guests, including the
President and members of his Cabinet, on a trip from Alexandria to Mount Vernon. After the party
had had a pleasant outing and were on their way back, the large gun, the "Peacemaker," was fired at
the request of Secretary of the Navy Gilmer. An explosion occurred, instantly killing Secretaries Gil-
mer and Upshur, Commodore B. Kennon, and two other important guests. Chitwood, Life of Tyler,
397-398.
The Mangum Papers 71
in many ways to forward the prospects of this young man. He
is already favourably known to the President and I believe in
the gay circles of Washington as a kinsman and protege of the
late commodore. Should you therefore feel inclined to interest
yourself in his favour it would not be difficult to obtain for him
some permanent appointment under the government. I am not
well informed as to his business qualifications, but infer from
his letters and the very favourable opinions expressed by others,
that he would fulfill the expectations of his friends in any sta-
tion suited to his years. In stead of troubling you with this
communication, I ought probably to have addressed myself to
the Virginia Senators, but I am personally unknown to them.
As to our representative Genl. Dromgoole^^^ it is hardly to be
expected that he would interest himself in favour of a man how-
ever meritorious who carries in his veins a mingled stream of
Nelson and Kennon blood; two Whig families that have ever
been, and always will be, I hope, opposed to him.
The excitement here is up and daily increasing in favour of
Mr Clay, and it is not the least gratifying sign of the times to
witness the gradual decline and removal of the old fashioned
deep rooted prejudices against that distinguished statesman.
We are up and a doing and I will just remark in passant [sici
that your name is frequently mentioned in connection with the
vice Presidency. I may have been guilty myself of some indis-
creetness, as the party leaders say, of thus expressing pre-
maturely my preference. But who is to be the man? The old
North State surely has claims, that must and will challenge the
consideration of the national convention —
With high respect
I am Sir yours &c.
S. H. Harris.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
United States Senate
Washington
D. C.
ueGeorge Coke Dromgoole, 1797-1847, was Democratic Congressman from 1835 to 1841 and
from 1843 to 1847. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 921.
72 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Joseph Ridgway^'^ to Willie P. Mangum
Columbus, O. March 18.^1^ 1844
Honl. Willie P. Mangum
Pres.t of the U. S. Senate
Dr. Sir,
I have taken the liberty of enclosing to your address
a volume for the Hon. Dan.^ R. Tilden,^^* of the House. It con-
tains matter that I think Mr. Tilden would prefer receiving
through your hands than that of Genl. Jones-^^^ the Speaker of
the House. Will you have the kindness w^hen the book comes to
hand to drop a line to Mr. Tilden, or send it to him by one of
your Pages.
We are preparing for the coming campaign, and entertain
no doubts that v^e shall carry the State for Mr Clay trium-
phantly.
With high respect
I am, Your Obe^ Sev,*
J. RlDGW^AY
[Addressed : ]
Honl. Willie P. Mangum
Prest. of the U. S. Senate
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
J. R. Lamhdin^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
[18 March, 1844]
Dear Sir
Will it be convenient for you to give me a sitting this morn-
1" Joseph Ridgway, 1783-1861, was a plow manufacturer and a member of the Ohio legislature
before he entered Congress in 1837. He served until 1843. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1462.
i^^Daniel Rose Tilden, 1804-1890, was a Whig Congressman from Portage County, Ohio, from
1843 to 1847. In 1848 and 1852 he was a delegate to the national Whig conventions. Biog. Dir.
of Cong., 1618.
li^'John Winton Jones, 1791-1848, of Virginia, was Speaker of the House of Representatives in
the Twenty-eighth Congress, which was then in session. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1163.
12'JSee above. 59.
The Mangum Papers 73
ing? - by so doing you will greatly facilitate my operations, and
add another to the many favours allready conferred on
Very truly your obed.*
J R Lambdin
Hon W P Mangum.
Monday Mong Mar 18/44.
[Addressed : ]
Honble W P Mangum
at
Mrs Cox's
WPM-D
George Constantine Collins^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Baltimore March 20th 1844.
Hon. Sir:
I would again claim your attention, to the perusal of a few
lines from my pen, hoping however that they will find you
perfectly satisfied as regards my explanation respecting the
draft. Since the publication of that anonymous letter in the
Globe, my countrymen have treated me with marked distinc-
tion, and it has contributed very much to the advancement of
the ''cause." I have also the pleasure of announcing to you, that
I have been enabled to pay the publisher $50 since I wrote you
last, and I have the prospect of making further payments in a
few days. Several letters have been reed from New York, re-
questing my immediate presence there, owing to the peculiar
state of feeling now existing amongst the old countrymen, par-
ticularly the Irish, who very probably will act in concert with
the "Great Whig Party/' at the approaching election. In order
therefore, that I may leave here on Saturday I most respectfully
request you to send me a little money, whereby I may be en-
abled to pay my expenses, and the amt. can be deducted on ace/
of the books in the Club — Be so kind as to send me a letter by
the return mail as I shall await it impatiently.
I most humbly beg of you, not to lay any thing to my charge
derogatory to my zeal in the promotion of the best interests of
the Party, to which I have the honor to belong — When the first
edition is payed for I will be able to get along without any as-
^^See above, G. C. Collins to W. P. Mangum, January 22, 1844.
74 State Department of Archives and History
sistance - but owing to the great expense incurred by reason
of eight weeks stay in Baltimore, the paying my family's ex-
penses in Washington, and the stereotyping and composition —
I have been and am embarrassed. Should you be able to ob-
tain even $20, it would now be more serviceable than $100 at
another time. Excuse my liberty I should not have addressed
you on this, or any other subject, had I not known you to be
possessed of every quality essential to the true gentleman and
disinterested philanthropist. In the mean time, I have the Hon-
or to be, Hon. Sir,
Your most obt. Servt.
and affectionate friend
George Constantine Collins.
Hon Willie P. Mangum
Pres. Sen. U. S. &
V.P. U.S.
[Addressed:] Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Pres of the U. S. Senate &
V. P. U. S.
Washington D. C.
WPM-LC
Reverdy Johnson to Willie P. Mangum.
Balt. 23 March /44
My Dear Sir,
The day I had the pleasure to dine with you at Mr. Coxe's,
you mentioned Mr. Abbot Lawrence's name for the Vice Presi-
dency, & I told you, I had thought of him before, & was greatly
inclined to go for him - but you know what is the opinion of our
friends upon the matter — If he is to be named, it is high time
the public attention was called to such a situation. If it be
deemed advisable, I will have it done here in our press — My
personal preference is our friend Clayton, but I have all along
supposed that the choice should be made from a non slave-hold-
ing State. Such is the opinion of Mr. Leigh, of Va. who has
written me on the matter — Govr. Davis is perhaps very ob-
jectionable because of a correspondence which I am told he
carried on with the Govr. of Va. relating to the Slave question.
There is every reason for desiring a strong Southern vote —
The Mangum Papers 75
Independent of its importance in the Election itself, it is all
important, even when we succeed, as we are sure to do, to the
quiet [ing] & settlement of the anti slavery excitement.
Write to me, as
soon as you have leisure —
Truly yr. friend,
Reverdy Johnson —
Mr. Mangum —
[Addressed : ]
Honble.
Mr. Mangum
In Senate
Washington —
Willie P. Mangum and James T. Morehead to John M. Clayton^'^^
Washington City, 25th March 1844.
12 o'clock at night
(all duly sober)
My dear Sir.
It is decreed that you must go to New York on the 12th of
April, & make a speech.-
It is Clay's birthday.- The gentleman is not of much worth;
yet Morehead & I say, you must go.- Have you new clothes? if
you have not, we will raise a ''pony" purse, & buy them-set me
down for a round half dollar. Morehead will go a like sum.-
If I had had a new suit^^^ Mr. Tyler; perhaps, had not been
President.- He had them not,- but he is lucky- they were given
to him.
In a word- My dear sir- shake off the devil & his imps- shake
them off, & go- You must go.- Public Servant as you are to be,
you must obey instructions- the instructions of friends- They
are imperative- Those from our enemies we may disobey &
damn, without breach of any moral or religious obligation.
My dear Sir. You will go, if you are wise-
You will go, if you are patriotic-
You will go, if a friend to the Whig cause-
lisxhe original is in the John M. Clayton Papers, Library of Congress. This letter was written
by Mangum.
^^Mangum was considered for Vice President at the Harrisburg Convention in 1839.
76 State Department of Archives and History
You will go, if you are a friend of "H. Clay".
You will go, above all, if you are a friend to J. M. Clayton
You will go. above all the alls, if you are a friend to your
very distinguished & most illustrious friends.
Willie P. Mangum
J. T. MOREHEAD
My name is forged to the close and I claim the privilege of
signing it myself —
J. T. MOREHEAD
WPM-LC
Memucan Hunt to Willie P. Mangum.
Galveston Texas 27th March 1844
My Dear Sir; (Private)
I took the liberty of transmitting, under cover to you, by the
last mail which left for the U. S. a letter to our secret Minister
at Washington, and had intended to have addressed you a
note under the same envelop but for having been taken ill which
prevented me from being enabled to do so before the departure
of the mail.
The question of annexation has been and is now looked to
with the deepest interest in this country. Some of us are toler-
ably well advised as to it[s] prospects, but for one I feel some-
what distrustful of [a] favorable result. We have learned that
all the Whig and democratic senators from the slave States will
vote for its ratification. Mr Crittenden's vote as well as Mr
McDuffie's was regarded here as doubtful until recently, but as-
surances from Washington as late as the 7th instant affirm to
me that Mr Crittenden will vote for the treaty.^^^ I learned
recently that Mr McDuffie would also. In addition to this vote
of the slave States we are assured that all the democratic sen-
ators in the North and West, with perhaps one exception will
likewise favor the treaty. If so it appears to me that there can
i24Calhoun's treaty of annexation was signed April 12, 1844. Several weeks earlier, during
Upshur's negotiation, the sentiment for approval of a treaty seemed favorable. As seaional and par-
tisan feeling mounted, ratification became more uncertain. The North Carolina Whigs had taken no
stand until Clay's Raleigh letter of April 27, 1844. After this, most North Carolina Whigs began
asserting that annexation would mean war. In the legislature 60 Whigs voted against a resolution
favoring annexation and only 7 voted for the resolution. Despite the advice of his Texan friends,
Mangum did not come out for annexation. The vote on Calhoun's treaty was a partisan vote. Only
one Whig, Henderson, of Missouri, voted for the treaty. All other Whigs, including Mangum, voted
against it. Pegg, ""Whig Party in N. C," 234.
The Mangum Papers 77
be no doubt of its rattification, I ardently hope there will be
none.
The slave interest in the U. S. and Texas is too small, it ap-
pears to me, to be seperated when we consider the prejudice
and action which is constantly manifested and exerted against
it by our northern neighbours and Great Britain. The govern-
ment and certain politicians in the U. S. are doing much to in-
crease the christian zeal and fanaticism in the non slave holding
States of the U. S. and Great Britain against a continuance of
the institution. I am satisfied that the slave interest is too small
in Texas to be maintained, against the influence and money
of England, for many years.
I was very much surprised when informed of Mr. Clay's in-
difference, not to say opposition, to a reannexation of Texas to
the U. S. — The more so after an examination of the many rec-
ords which are extant of his desire to re [ac] quire this territory
for his country. I repeat that I am [ajstonished at Mr Clay's
present attitude in reference to [the] question. What can he
gain by it in respect to his popularity? His friends in the non
slave holding States can answer best for him there. In the
slave holding States I will use the presumption to assert, that
if he continues to occupy the position he is now in that with the
exception of Kentucky he will not get a majority in a single
one of them for the Presidency. There is scarcely a county in
the slave holding States, but from which, there are emigrants
in this country. There kindred and friends in the U. S. simpa-
thise in whatever concerns and effects them. If the annexation
fail, it is a question of so much moment that the cause of the
failure (after the alluring hopes which have been held out of
its early consumation) will be inquired into by every one. My
impression - the impression of every one with whom I have con-
versed is that if the measure is defeated that defeat will be in
consequence of Mr. Clay's opposition. And I have not conversed
with a man in Texas on this subject, however much he may
have admired Mr. Clay before, but who hopes for his defeat in
the next Presidential election if he proves to be the cause of
the failure of annexation. What is to be lost by Mr Clay in the
present attitude of parties in the non slave holding States —
(save a few abolitionists) — by his comeing forward as the ad-
vocate of annexation? Mr Van Buren and all the other demo-
cratic candidates for the the Presidency are understood to be
78 State Department of Archives and History
in favor of the measure and Mr. Clay's reavov^al of his former
opinions w^ould leave the [posjition of the tv^o great parties the
same on the [que]stion.
Our Commissioners to Mexico w^ho have [been] engaged
several months in negotiating an armistice, or peace, arrived
here on yesterday. They bring assurances, I learn, that Mexico
is now willing to recognize our independence or enter into a
truce for five or ten years (which is the same thing) provided
this government will stipulate to remain seperate and uncon-
nected as an integral part of the U. S. If the present negotia-
tions at Washington fail to result in a treaty of annexation, I
have no doubt these terms will be acceded to by this Govern-
ment, and the oportunity thereby will be forever lost of re-
acquiring this valuable country by the U. S. - what a blunder
it appears to me this would be in your Statesmen. If we are to
become a part of the U. S. it must be very shortly. Twelve
months delay, depend upon my assurance, will forever defeat
the measure.
I took the liberty of presenting Mr. W. D. Miller, official
secretary of Genl Henderson with a letter of acquaintance to
you. Should you have a friend making a visit to this country
at any time I should be gratified to render him any service in
my power and if I can serve you in any way please command
me.
I have the honor to be your friend
and obedient servant
Memucan Hunt
To
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Pres.* of the U. S. Senate
[Addressed:]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Prest. U. S. Seante
Washington City
D. C.
The Mangum Papers 79
WPM-LC
B. W, Leigh to Willie P. Mangum.
Richmond, March 28. 1844.
My dear Sir —
I received your letter of the 25th, yesterday morning - and
I thank you for it most heartily.
As to the selection of our candidate for the vice presidency,
there are two points upon which common prudence and com-
mon sense must dictate to the Whigs an unanimous opinion -
that the candidate to be run on the ticket with Mr Clay must be
selected from a non-slave-holding State - and that the person
must be such a one as in case of Mr Clay's death we may confide
in for the administration of the government. This last con-
sideration was wholly overlooked in the selection of Mr Tyler
for the office at the Harrisburg convention in 1839 - and that
was the capital error we committed - if the thought had occur-
red to any body, he never would have been nominated. But,
in truth, well as I thought I understood his character, I had no
conception of it - I had no idea of the inordinary, the unscru-
pulousness, the folly and knavery of his ambition, and I do not
believe he had the least consciousness of it himself. I have al-
ways suspected, and I have no doubt of it, that it was Wise who
put the idea of the succession to the presidency, into his head,
and thus acquired absolute dominion over and direction of his
conduct - and this without any view to the elevation of Tyler,
but to accomplish his own purposes - to cross the Whig party
in Congress, who had mortally offended his vanity by refusing
openly and formally to instal him in the office of manager of
the house of representatives - and to thwart Mr Clay, who had
(some how or other, I could never understand exactly how)
mortified his self love, or rather self-conceit; for he is the most
vainglorious and presumptious being I have ever known; tho'
if his cousin Bailey ^^s shall be elected his successor in Congress,
you will see his cousin german in vanity as well as in blood,
without a tythe of his talent. The moment the presidency was
held up to Tyler as possible to be attained, he went mad - stark
mad. By the way, the ambition of the presidency seems to me
a moral poison, of which it requires a very strong and firm
"^Thomas Henry Bayly, 1810-1856, was eleaed as a State Rights Democrat to fill the vacancy
caused by Wise's resignation. He served in Congress from 1846 to 1856. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 681.
80 State Department of Archives and History
mind, and an unusual depth and energy of moral principle, to
resist the effect. Swift says (in the Tale of a Tub) that there is
a certain ''serpent that wants teeth and consequently cannot
bite; but if its vomit, to which it is much addicted, happens to
fall upon anything, a certain rotteness or corruption ensues -
these serpents are generally found among the mountains where
jewels grow, and they frequently emit a poisonous juice, where-
of whoever drinks, that person's brains fly out of his nostrils."
That serpent is our selfish trading politician placed in con-
spicuous station - his vomit, his flattery of those whom he
wishes to mould to his own purposes - and the poisonous juice,
the ambition of the presidency, whereof whoever drinks that
person's brains fly out of his nostrils. Tyler swallowed a drop,
a single drop, which Wise distilled for him, and from that
moment lost his senses. Mr Calhoun has taken phials full since
1824, and it is not wonderful that his brains are gone, and what
is worse his heart too - you will soon see his capers in the office
of secretary of state. That poor fellow Gilmer had taken a drop,
and if he had had any brains (which he never had) you would
have seen them spattered upon the walls of the capitol. Rives
has taken a good large dose; and it gives me a higher opinion
than I should otherwise have had of his understanding, to see
how much discretion he retains.
To return to the vice presidency - I wrote a letter to Reverdy
Johnson sometime in February, in which I took occasion to
mention the subject; well knowing, however, that it would be
agitated at Washington, and that as our candidate for the presi-
dency was conclusively fixed upon, the candidate for the other
office would be fixed upon there. The first person that occurred
to me was John Davis of Massachusetts^^^ - but his Latimer let-
ter staggered me - not that that letter would have been sufficient
to overcome my preference for him, but that, as I am particu-
larly anxious to redeem Virginia from this Jeffersonian state-
rights democracy, which has been an incubus on the mind of
the state, and is the vilest system of Jesuitry that ever was con-
ceived, and as that letter would probably be a stumbling block
in our way at every step, I had per force given up my predilec-
tion for him. I then thought of our friend Clayton; and if I was
^^^Ex-governor John Davis, of Massachusetts, was seriously considered for Clay's running mate.
He represented the high tariflF views and, therefore, satisfied many in the North. At the same time
his tarifiF views hurt him in the South. His anti-slavery views, however, were the chief reasons for
his not being seleaed. D. A. B., V, 133.
The Mangum Papers 81
at liberty to follow my personal wishes, I should give him the
preference without hesitation - but Delaware is a slave-hold-
ing state - and besides, a very small state, so that he can bring
very little of local strength to the general cause; and tho' this
last consideration would not influence me in the least, yet we
know that it would have its influence in the election. Yielding
thus my own preferences, I looked to the large states, and the
large Atlantic states, to find a suitable person. You tell me,
that John Sergeant will decline — which I am sorry to hear, and
yet more sorry for the reason which enforces the propriety of
his declining, namely, that he is unpopular in Pennsylvania.
Is there any person in Pennsylvania whom it would be prudent
to take up? If there is, I should be very much inclined to go -
not for him - but for Pennsylvania; I have heard none sug-
gested. Then as to New York - I was aware, that Talmadge
had loosened his hold upon the affections of the Whig party
generally - but I supposed that he was still the favorite, and
therefore the strongest man, of the Whigs in New York, and
was consequently very well content (the expunge to the con-
trary notwithstanding) that he should be put in nomination,
until the nomination of Filmore by the Whigs of New York,
suggested a doubt of Talmadge's weight in the "Empire." Yet
I do not hesitate to say, that I should prefer Talmadge to Fil-
more. I have no personal knowledge of Filmore's character -
from what I could gather from the National Intelligencer of his
conduct in the house of representatives, I had not formed any
very exalted opinion of his capacity - but he wrote a letter to
his constituents, containing a very severe and a very just re-
flection upon the conduct of Wise, without naming him indeed
but the application of the censure was not to be mistaken; and
then let Wise bully him into a false declaration that he had no
particular allusion to him. From that moment (as Lord Nelson
said of Gen. Mack) "my mind was made up as to the man" - and
I was grievously afflicted to fiind, that if we looked to the "Em-
pire" for our candidate for the vice president, we must take
him - now, I will not, if it can be helped - which I am afraid it
cannot be. I never heard Evans seriously talked of; I thought
the demonstration which had been made in N. York to which
you allude, and its failure to make the least impression on the
public mind, had put an end to the movement. Among the
Whigs of Virginia certainly, and I believe of all the Southern
82 State Department of Archives and History
States, Webster has been ''down among the dead men," ever
since his Fanuil Hall speech ;^2^ and it will be enough to damn
the hopes of any candidate that it should be known or suspected
that he preferred him. By the way, I really grieve for Web-
ster - I grieve to see of how little worth the very highest abil-
ities with which God can endow mere mortal man may be, when
perverted or blinded by his passions or his vices. I had, as you
suppose, the greatest admiration of his talents, as indeed I still
have - but I never thought him a wise man - to that character
virtue is an essential ingredient, and I never could put con-
fidence in his virtue; and besides he always appeared to me to be
wanting in moral courage and energy, without which however
great a statesman may appear in debate, or even in council, he
is almost sure to fail in action, on all great occasions. If he had
resigned his office of Secretary of State the day after the Ash-
burton treaty was ratified, and come back into the Whig ranks
openly and heartily, he would have stood instantly upon such
high ground as he never before had attained to. How he should
have wanted judgment to see the vantage ground, which it
was open to him to occupy, and the vast and brilliant prospects
from which seemed so obvious to every body else, seems to me
quite unaccountable. I expected and predicted that he would
occupy it - but "he missed the figure." I suppose he was blinded
by his jealousy of Mr Clay, which is an old and ruling passion
with him, as well as with Mr Calhoun. I have lately heard
some stories impeaching his integrity and honor which have
shocked me - I hope they are not true - if they are, "twere bet-
ter that he had been born a dog. — "
You see in this letter, how my mind has been speculating on
the subject of the vice presidency. I had never heard any
mention of Lawrence till I received your letter. I suppose you
know that I was more intimate with him and old Mr. Silsbee,^28
while I was in Congress, than with any persons north of the
Potomac and the Ohio. And I have the utmost confidence in
him, and will go for him with all my heart. But there are one
or two considerations which must be weighed - considerations
affecting the question of policy, in putting him in nomination.
In the first place, may not the nomination produce disappoint-
i27ln September, 1842, Webster's friends gave Webster a dinner at Faneuil Hall. In his speech
which followed he explained his support of Tyler and his refusal to follow Clay's friends from the
Cabinet. In a rather defiant attitude he blamed Clay for the failure to work with Tyler. Fuess, Life
of Webster, II, 119; Lambert, Presidential Politics in U. S., 1841-1843, 104.
i^See above, II, 20 In.
The Mangum Papers 83
ment, disgust, discontent and disaffection, in the minds of Davis
and Evans as well as Webster; and if they all oppose, or even
stand ojf, how can Lawrence stand up, in New England? In the
next place, the recent elections in Massachusetts and Maine,
especially the former state, have made the impression upon
my mind, that the abolitionists hold the balance, ^^^ and by
throwing their weight into either scale can give it preponder-
ance; and if this be so, tho' Mr L's known opinions on this sub-
ject will be a strong recommendation with us of the South, they
may work against us with tremendous effect in New England.
Is it possible to ascertain how old John Q. Adams would stand
affected towards such a nomination? I suppose not, unless you
can open some diplomatic communication with the devil. But if
he is disaffected, he can do a world of mischief. That is another
man of great talents without a particle of wisdom - talents
effective for all sorts of mischief, but absolutely powerless for
good. My serious apprenhension is, that he is for a dissolution
of the Union.
Let me hear from you again immediately, and send me the
first of the Baltimore papers in which the nomination of
Lawrence is opened - and if you can get it, that letter of his
about abolition.
Keep this letter to yourself - I cannot write a letter to you
which is fit to be seen by any body else, except Archer*
With old and constant regard,
Yr: friend,
B: W: Leigh
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
* I wish I could have a talk with him about Texas - I think I
could shew him that present action is not adviseable
^The Liberty Party had considerable support in Maine. In special eleaions in Maine and
Massachusetts in January and February, 1844, the votes for minor candidates determined the outcome.
N«/«' Register, LXVI. 23.
84 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Robert B. Gilliam to Willie P. Mangum.
Oxford N. C. March 29 1844.
Hon W. P. Mangum
Dear Sir,
I take the liberty of addressing you this letter, at the
instance of Mr. Daniel R. Goodloe,^^^ who is now in Washing-
ton City. Mr. Goodloe is anxious to procure some employment
suited to his talents, and he very properly concludes, that a
recommendation from a gentleman, with whose name the whole
country is familiar would be of essential service to him. He has
not yet, I presume, applied to you, owing as I have reason to
believe, to very commendable motives of delicacy. He would
be unwilling to make such an application to any one, who did
not know him well, either personally or from reputation.
I have known Mr Good[l]oe intimately more than ten years,
and during a large portion of that time he has resided in this
village. He is a gentleman of highly respectable literary attain-
ments, of pure morals, and in the whole range of my acquaint-
ance, I know of no man whose conduct is regulated by a higher
sense of honor. Of good talents and studious habits, the chief
and indeed the only obstacle to his success hitherto, has been
a want of energy, or perhaps it would be juster to him to say,
a want of that self-confidence, without which a high degree of
success in any pursuit is very difficult, if not unattainable. He
is a ready and able writer in every department to which he has
ever turned his attention.
I am thus particular in speaking of Mr Goodloe's character
& attainments, that in the event of his applying to you, as he
probably will, for a recommendation - you may be able to
render him the service he desires.
I do not understand that Mr Goodloe is in search of an of-
fice under the government at Washington. I think it more likely
i^Daniel Reaves Goodloe, 1814-1902, a native of Louisburg, North Carolina, was early appren-
ticed to a printer in Oxford and remained close to a newspaper thereafter. After serving as editor of
the Oxford Examiner for a short time, he moved to Tennessee and joined the forces which fought the
Creeks and Seminoles. He returned to Oxford, studied law under Gilliam, but was unsuccessful in his
practice. Already holding anti-slavery views, he moved to Washington, where Mangum obtained a
place for him with the Whig Standard. After its failure in the latter part of 1844, he became editor
of the Georgetown Advocate and then the Christian Statesman. In 1853 he joined the stafif of the
anti-slavery National Era and edited it until the Civil War. In the war he held several posts in
Washington and in 1865 returned to North Carolina, where he first supported Johnson's reconstruc-
tion plan. All through his life he wrote articles, pamphlets, and essays on the issues of the day.
Despite his anti-slavery views, he returned to Louisburg and resided there until his death in 1902.
D. A. B., VII, 390-391; J. S. Bassett, "Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina," Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity Studies in History and Political Science, ser. XVI, No. 6 ( 1898) .
The Mangum Papers 85
that he would desire employment as an assistant Editor of a
newspaper, or as a teacher in a school. His services would be
very valuable in either capacity.
I beg you will not take it amiss, that I inclose for Mr Good-
loe a recommendatory letter, which I will thank you to hand to
him, with such an indorsement from yourself, as may make it
of use to him.
I am with high respect
Rob. B. Gilliam
Oxford, N. C. 3VK March
[Addressed:]
Hon W. P. Mangum
Washington City
WPM-LC
John M. Clayton to Willie P. Mangum.
New Castle Del. March 30, 1844.
My dear Mangum,
As soon as Mr. AtwelP^^ of N. Y. delivered to me the letter
of yourself & Mr. Morehead, I at once told him that whenever
he should send me the letter of the Whigs of N. Y. inviting me
to address them on the 12th, I would accept it.^^^ This letter he
said should be forthcoming as soon as he could return home.
On the next day after this, I was visited by a New York
gentleman (a Fillmore man) who spent the day with me. He
desired me not to go to New York till after the convention,
alleging that it would infallibly be set down as an electioneer-
ing tour, make what professions or excuses I might to the con-
trary. I proposed to decline first and then go. He said that
would play the d 1, as the New Yorkers meant to use me in
case they could not get a man of their own.- on the 28th, a
Pennsylvanian called, (a Sergeant Man) and told me the Penn-
sylvanians would rally on me as soon as they could prove by
their votes in convention what they now (as he said) all knew,-
that they could not get a Pennsylvanian. "But," said he "do not
now go to New York, for it will be thought you are courting
i3iSee below R. H. Atwell to W. P. Mangum, April 2, 1844.
i32See above W. P. Mangum and James T. Morehead to John M. Clayton, March 25, 1844.
86 State Department of Archives and History
the New Yorkers, and mean to sacrifice "the Keystone" to the
'Empire State' and every body will say you are electioneering,
while all the other nominees (as he called us) are staying at
home, quietly awaiting the decision 'ex gratia modestia.' 'My
God!' (thought I) I shall be murdered in a gentlemanly way by
Morehead and Mangum if I don't go, and I am sure to be burnt
alive or boiled in oil, if I do go. In this dilemma I called a
council of war, consisting of three old Whig friends, and I re-
solved myself into a committee of five to wait upon and consult
them. They drank three bottles of old Hock, three of champaign
[sic] and four of Madiera, (to say nothing of six bottles more
which they carried off in a riotous way) and then decided off
hand that I was a d - d fool and ought to stay at home lest
other people should find it out! But they were all drunk, and
I scorn their decision - though I respect the conclusion they ar-
rived at after they got sober, which was that I should keep in
my house and mind my own business for thirty days, wearing
crape on my right arm till the 1st of May^^^ for the loss of the
wines they had made way with - the toping varlets! —
So I wrote today to Mr. Atwell declining the New York in-
vitation for professional reasons.
My dear Mangum, we are going to beat the Locos into bench
holes, if we are prudent. My news from Connecticut is, that she
will go whig in spite of the immense efforts on the other side,
by 2000 at present and by 5000 in the Fall. New York will at
the charter contest elect Harper ''Native" - better for us just
at this time than any other result. All is safe if we are discreet.
I mean to devote myself to the work, but N. Sargent can tell
you how important it is now, that I should be scrupulously
delicate towards certain Gentlemen in the North. I stand still
as you directed, and whenever you or Morehead shall write me
a word "decline" I will go overboard instantly.
The Baltimore Young Whigs Conventions^* will be the most
magnificent & interesting pageant the nation has ever exhibited.
But tell Crittenden (God bless him!) I still think it ought not
""This was the day that the National Whig Convention opened in Baltimore,
i**The Young Whigs' ratification convention met in Baltimore on the day following Clay's nomi-
nation.
The Mangum Papers 87
to have come quite so soon on the heels of the first of May. —
Ever faithfully yours
Hon. W. P. Mangum J^^^ ^' Clayton.
U. S. S.
[Addressed:] Hon: Willie P. Mangum
President of the United States Senate,
Washington.
Willie P. Mangum & others to Ashury Dickins^^^
[March-June, 1844]i36
To Asbury Dickens Esq.^
Secretary of the Senate.
Sir
Should a vacancy occur in the clerkships in your office, it
would be very agreeable to us that the appointment should be
given to M.'" Stansbury,^^^ whom we know to be qualified to dis-
charge its duties and who, we do not doubt, would, if appointed,
perform them to general satisfaction.
Washington, March 1844)
N. P. Tallmadge A. S. Porter
Sam.i S. Phelps H. Johnson
Albert S. White W."" D. Merrick
T. Clayton Geo. Mc Duffie
J. W. Miller Daniel E. Huger
Rich<^ H. Bayard Ephriam H. Foster
John Henderson Alexander Barrow
Willie P. Mangum W. C. Rives
Geo Evans J. F. Simmons
I. C. Bates W"" Woodbridge
R. Choate Wm. Upham
W. S. Archer W. G. Fulton
J. W. Huntington A. W. Lewis
Jn: Macpherson Berrien J. A. Reeves
W.°* L. Dayton Spencer Jarnagin
J. J. Crittenden John Brown Francis
^^The original is in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
^^Although this letter is not dated, it was written between March and June of 1844, because
Henry Johnson, one of the signers, did not take his seat until March, 1844, and N. P. Tallmadge,
another signer, resigned June 19, 1844.
Improbably Arthur J. Stansberry, the reporter for Gales and Seaton in the Senate. J. Q. Adams,
Memoirs, X, 32; XII, 237.
88 State Department of Archives and History
[Endorsed in Dickins handwriting:] Willie P. Mangum
1792-1861
U. S. Senator from N. C, 1831-6,
and 1840-53. President pro tern.
U. S. Senate.
See Appleton
WPM-LC
R. H. AtwelV^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York April 2d. 1844.
My Dear Sir
Do me the favour to accept from me a couple of cards of
"Wright's" Steel pens. You found them in w^riting for the
young men of New York to our friend Clayton - very good.
Cannot you use one of these to induce Mr. C. to come
amongst us on the 12th. he promised me when I saw him that
on your & Gov Morehead's requisition he would come. I have
just reed a letter from him saying that he will find it impossible
to come, he has been ''gazetted" and must come.
Very faithfully yours
R. H. Atwell.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
U. S. S.
[Addressed : ]
Hon W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate.
WPM-LC
T. Ham^er^^^ to Willie P. Mangum,.
Watsontown [Pa.] April 3, 1844.
Hon. & Respected Sir
In noticing the proceedings of Congress, on the subject of
the Oregon Territory — I am at a loss to know how an American
188A merchant in New York City. Longworth's New York Directory, 1841-1842, 68.
"^Possibly Thomas Lyon Hamer, 1800-1847, who represented Ohio in Congress in 1822-1839-
Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1256.
The Mangum Papers 89
Citizen who has the rights and the honor of our glorious re-
public at heart can assume such a lukewarm timid and even
cowardly position on this subject
They urge in long and loud speeches the impropriety of any
action upon this question by the Americans lest they should
give offence to England - and then they would resort to Arms
and attempt to wrest from us that territory - which they have
no claim upon under heavens, and well they know it too - yet
give them an inch and they will take a yard and so in propor-
tion untill finely they want all.
Had our forefathers asserted and maintained these rights in
this way when oppressed by the Iron heel of tyranny at Boston
where would American liberty have been - would it not have
been cherished by her hired legon, the proud Eagle of Independ-
ence would have crouched beneath the infernal grasp of the of
the \_sic] the British Lyon — This Territory Sir is a part of the
American continent and therefore it is a part of that soil for which
our forefathers so nobly contended Now Sirs come out and take a
decided stand & claim it at wonts [once] and you will be con-
sidered Americans otherwise you are cowardly traitors
T. Hamer.
Watsonstown Pa March 4, 1844
[Addressed:] Hon. Speaker of U. S. Senate
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
G. C. Collins^^<^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York April 3"^ 1844.
Hon. Sir:
I arrived in this great Commercial Metropolis at 11 oC. last
night, after a stay in Philadelphia of a few days, during which
time, I had the honor of addressing the Whigs, and also of re-
ceiving $100 from the Nat. Clay Club for 1000 copies of my
pamphlet I paid the publisher $50 thereof and sent Mr. Bar-
rumi^i $20- leaving me on hand, when I left P^— $30- Mr.
"oSee above, 25 n.
^*iHe probably refers to John M. Berrien.
90 State Department of Archives and History
Brady^^^ an intelligent Irishman, Clk. of the Dist. Com. received
me cordially- He is a glorious Clay Whig and at the same
time a Catholic and Repealer- He is a very influential man, and
was pleased w^ith my position. I found there, the best feeling
amongst the Whigs, and the most abject despondency amongst
the other party. The Irish of Philadelphia in the event of the
nomination of Mr. V. B. w^ill go for Clay, almost unanimously.
The Citizens requested me to return immediately after the
election here to address the voters of each w^ard. The papers
there noticed my pamphlet very favorably, I am confident it
was not the composition or the Author which contributed to
this, but the Subject, and the distinguished Statesman of whom
it treats.
During my short stay here, I have had an interview with
Horace Greely Esq. J. N. Reynolds & David Graham^^*^ Presi-
dents of the most important committees of the city. During the
conference, it was resolved that the Whigs should make a pro-
position, to the other party to divide the Aldermen, and toss
up for the Mayor in order to defeat the Native American
Party, ^^* who have become quite formidable numerically, and
who are I regret to say, actuated by the most bitter and malig-
nant feelings, not only towards the civil but also the religious
rights of the majority of the Adopted Citizens. The Pope is
caricatured, and o Connell is made to kiss his toe &c. &c. Having
had various confidential colloquies with several Whigs, they
are becoming alive to the importance of shewing these men no
confidence, I have no doubt, but, the Vans- started this matter,
indeed, it is already a well authenticated fact, for political pur-
poses in order that Many unwary Whigs might be caught in
their traps. And as soon as they had them, leave them in the
snares, and retire themselves. I have had an invitation to
address a Mass meeting of the Adopted Citizens on next Satur-
day Night and accepted, it takes place at the National Hall, and
i*2Possibly Thomas Brady, a physician who died in 1850 at the age of 36. J. B. Nolan, History
of Southwestern Pennsylvania, II, 1084.
i*3J. N. Reynolds declined being a candidate for the New York legislature in 1840 in order that
he might give full time to Harrison's election. He was president of the Harrison committee of New
York City. In 1844 he worked as ardently for Clay. Hillsborough Recorder, Nov. 12, 1840. See
also below David Lambert to W. P. Mangum Sept. 29, 1844. David Graham, 1808-1852, a native
of England, moved to New York City, when a small boy. In New York he was admitted to the bar
in 1829 and almost immediately became successful, particularly as a criminal lawyer. He wrote num-
erous treaties on legal subjects and codified the state laws. In politics he aaively worked for Qay.
D. A. B., VII, 471-472.
"*By 1844 the Nativist movement had become strong in New York City. In their first election
in 1842 the party received 9000 votes. In the mayor's race in the spring of 1844 the Whigs, in
great numbers, deserted their party to vote for the Nativist candidate. The result was the election
of a Nativist mayor and twelve aldermen. McMaster, History of the People of the U. S., VII, 374.
The Mangum Papers 91
already seven distinguished Irishmen are cooperating with me.
Having had an interview today with the Very Rev. Dr. Powers
he has most cordially approved. I hope that we shall yet suc-
ceed, though the prospects are rather gloomy just now. The
Con. Election has measurably assisted to this desirable end.
You will please excuse me, if I make a suggestion, relative
to the Naval Officers of this Port, Jer.^ Towle- A certain Gentle-
man by the name of Kelly,^^^ born here, has told me, that should
he be convinced that the Senate would reject him, he would
cause 1000 men to vote for us now and Clay hereafter. This
Towle is a bitter Loco- of the V. Buren School. I really believe
Kelly is a very influential Man, and would fulfil his promise,
but at the same time, I would consider it highly presumptuous
in me to interfere with the action of your Hon. body- I would
however remark, that Messrs Graham and Reynolds believe
Kelly to be actuated with the best motives, as for me, I have
only suggested and this too by request, not being otherwise
interested.
Senator, will you have the goodness to request your Treas-
urer to send my beloved Wife $10 or $20 on the Acct of those
pamphlets, and should your opinions be already unfavorable to-
wards Towle, if it would be within the Scope of your Senatorial
character let me know- and I most conscientiouly believe, that
good will result. No more from
Your Obt. Servt. &
humble friend
Geo. Constantine Collins
Hon, Willie P. Mangum
P. S. I most respectfully request a line,- City Hotel
Broadway
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Pres. of the Senate &
Vice Pres of the U. S.
Washington D. C.
"^Unable to identify.
92 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-D
Reverdy Johnson to Willie P. Mangura,
Balt. 5 April /44.
My Dear Sir,
Have your reed, an answer from Mr. Lawrence about the V.
Presidency to your letter to him? Let me know, & what he
says. I have delayed noticing him in the Press here, as I desire,
until I know if he would consent to his names being used —
The result in Connecticut shows,^*^ if there was any doubt
before, that our success in Novr. is certain. It is still all import-
ant that our selection of Vice President shall be a good one.
Virginia comes off next, - what do our friends there think
will be result? Write me, if you can, by return mail.
Sincerely
Yr friend
Reverdy Johnson.
Mr. Mangum
Washington.
Some day next week I hope to be able to see you in Washing-
ton.
[Addressed:] Honbl.
Mr. Mangum
In Senate
Washington.
WPM-LC
William Hayden^^'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Atlas Office, Boston, April 6th 1844.
My dear sir —
I can hardly express to you the degree of gratification and
delight with which I received and read your letter of the first
instant. It is so entirely satisfactory, in regard to the feelings and
^*^In the Connecticut eleaion on April 1, the Whigs won a majority of 7 in the state senate
and 24 in the state house. Niles' Register, LXVI, 146.
i*^William Hayden was congressional correspondent of the National Intelligencer before he be-
came editor of the Boston Atlas in 1841. At the time of this letter, he and Thomas M. Brewer were
publishing the Daily Atlas. Ben Perley Poore. Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National Metrop-
olis, Philadelphia, 1886. I, 59; Fred A. Emory, "Washington Newspaper Correspondents," Records
of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington. D. C, XXXV-XXVI, 248-288.
Henry Clay 1777-1852. From the line engraving by Peter Maverick, published 1822.
after the painting by Charles King. From the original print in the possession of Mangum
Weeks of Alexandria, Virginia.
The Mangum Papers 93
intentions of our Southern & Western Whig friends in the Sen-
ate - and, withal, so full of kind, conciliatory and patriotic feel-
ing, that I must confess it relieved me of a heavy pressure of
anxiety, and made me feel that things would go on right again.
Not that J have ever doubted the honor or fidelity of our South-
ern & Western friends in that body. I had carefully watched
their course - and, from the past, was led to rely upon their
future faithfulness. But I had no means at hand to satisfy those
around me, upon that point. Great apprehensions were enter-
tained here, that Tyler, and some of his coadjutors in the Cab-
inet, had so contrived the annexation matter as to bring it sud-
denly before the Senate, and to secure for it the support of the
whole South. Startled as our community was with the sudden-
ness of the development, the first impression was one of deep
indignation. As soon, however, as time was allowed for reflec-
tion, our people began to consider how unlikely it was that
gentlemen, who had been so faithful to the principles of their
Party, and the interests of the Country, should be induced to
disregard high considerations, on the occurrence of so import-
ant an emergency.
Just as the current of popular feeling was beginning to
change, your excellent letter came to me. I have shown it, or
otherwise caused its important purport to be made known, in
the principal circles of our political friends in this vicinity. It
has been pronounced, by all, to be perfectly satisfactory - and
it has gone far to calm the public mind, upon the Texas and
Tariff questions. I have been eagerly urged to publish it - but
have refrained, as it would be manifestly improper to do so. I
have, however, ventured so far as to depart from your injunc-
tion, as to publish an extract from it, in our leading article of
this morning.
For the kind and friendly tone of your letter - its deference
to the feelings and views of the North, on these great ques-
tions - for the true spirit of patriotism that pervades it - I most
heartily thank you. Much of the acerbity that characterizes the
discussion of most of the questions upon which local interests
are supposed to be at variance, might be avoided, if leading
men from the different sections would be governed by the
same friendly, national feelings that are so well expressed in
your letter.
94 State Department of Archives and History
All thoughts of [callinlg any Convention, so far as Massa-
chusetts is concerned, have now^ been abandoned. The Whigs
of our State are firmly attached to Mr Clay. We shall carry
the State for him, as surely as the day of election arrives - and
I most sincerely hope, and confidently believe, that his elec-
tion, and administration, w^ill dispel many of these sectional
controversies, restore the Country to its w^onted state of quiet
and repose, and realize all the hopes which v^e so confidently
repose in the full prevalence of Whig principles.
If, at any time hereafter, any viev^s should occur to you,
as likely to advance the cause of our Party, or promote the
good of the Country and w^hich it may be beneficial to make
know^n here, I pray you freely to command my services - and,
in the mean time, to believe me, dear sir,
Very faithfully & respectfully,
Your obt: servant,
William Hayden —
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
For—
The Hon. Willie P. Mangum,
United States Senate,
Washington,
D. C.
WPM-LC
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington
Saturday. [6 or 13 April, 1844]
My dear Sir
Accompanying this, you v^ill receive the "Atlas" for which
I scribble. The hasty notice which I gave your speech is half
your own fault, for you did not furnish me with a reference to
the Tariff Resolutions, from which I might have made capital.
However you must take it, as it is, considering, that it comes
from the right spot.
The Mangum Papers 95
I am in position to touch very influential keys of this sort
in New York, Philadelphia & Savannah & it will always afford
me great & sincere pleasure to tune to your wishes, & in your
service.
faithfully
Your friend
James E. Harvey
Judge Mangum.
My connection with the "Atlas" must not be spoken above
a whisper or the d-d Locofocos may raise a hornets nest about
my ears, as I have the means of letting out their Secrets, every
day too often.
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to Willie P. Mangum.
N. York April 11th. 1844
My Dear Sir.
Tyler is about removing Curtis. ^^^ Now for Curtis I care
nothing; but I have it from my friend Col. Clinton,^"^^ that Boh^^^
when he offered him the office, asked as a condition that he
would agree to remove all obnoxious to his father. Clinton re-
fused; upon which he said that if he would remove only the
Van Buren men, he would be satisfied. To this too, Mr. Clin-
ton objected as a degrading condition. He then told Master Bob
that although a Calhoun man, the moment Mr. Calhoun was
out of the question, he is thoroughly for Mr. Clay. This was
quite astounding to Bob, & he had the folly to say that Mr. Cal-
houn **had disappointed his father & should be turned out in
thirty days!" This last declaration you cannot use as from me,
but it was made in presence of Duff Green.
Now, under the circumstances, can you not reject any per-
son nominated in Curtis' place? This will not save Curtis nor
do I desire to save him particularly. Tyler will certainly thrust
him out the day after you adjourn. In the mean time by reject-
"SEdward Curtis. See above, III. 163n, 223, 416.
"^He probably refers to James Graham Clinton, half brother of DeWitt Clinton and Democratic
Congressman from 1841 to 1845. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 824.
^"Robert Tyler, son of President Tyler.
96 State Department of Archives and History
ing any person nominated in his place, you put your finger on
his profligacy and give power & strength, & tone to the Whig
Party. Much is to be gained by thus rebuking corruption.
In to-morrow's paper I shall call upon you to refuse to ad-
minister the oath to Mr. Niles^^^ without first instituting an
enquiry into his capacity to take & understand it. Quaere. Has
a magistrate a right to administer an oath to a child of five
years of age? & if not, has the presiding officer of a deliberative
body a right to administer an oath to a Lunatic? Being advised
of the fact, it is I think your duty to investigate the state of his
mind.
Please make my kindest repects to Messrs Morehead & Sim-
mons, & say to them that the defeat of the Locos here, will do
us much good & that they may hail it as another Cenn. affair.
Yours Very truly
J. W. Webb
[Addressed:] To the Hon.
W. P. Mangum,
Washington City, D. C.
WPM-LC
John B. Thompson^ ^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Fayette Hill, Simpson County,
Mississippi 12th Aprl. 1844
Honor'd Sir,
My reason for thus adressing you on the present trivial oc-
casion is, for the want of the knowledge of some known friend
or acquaintance at the City of Washington, whome I could with
propriety address, and I should not have taken this liberty
with your honor had I not recollected to have seen you at my
Fathers house (James Thompson's in the County of Onslow
N. C.) some thirty years ago, I was then quite a Small lad, &
as well as I recollect, you were quite young, probably not ex-
ceeding 20 years old — Your business with my father was to
^^He probably refers to John Milton Niles, Democratic Senator from Connecticut, whose illness
raised doubt as to his sanity.
^^The son of James Thompson, an active Whig in Onslow County, John B. Thompson repre-
sented Onslow in the North Carolina legisalture in 1829 and 1831 before he moved to Alabama.
Hillsborough Recorder, April 23, 1845, July 2. 1846; Raleigh Register, January 12, 1836; N. C.
Manual, 734.
The Mangum Papers 97
get pay for a little Grey horse by the name of Brilliant, which
some gentleman living up the Country had sold in Onslow with-
out informing the purchaser of the fact that half of said horse
belong'd to your Father &c. &c.
In 1829 & 31, I had the honor to represent the County of
Onslow in the General Assembly, each of those two years I
had the pleasure of seeing the honorable J. C. Calhoun, at
Raleigh, & the further gratification of an introduction, but have
no doubt that I have escaped his recollection, probably in five
minutes after being made known to him —
My next and last probable reference is to Joseph D. Ward,
I received a letter from him I think in 1839, I was then living
in Sumter County Ala., and have not heard from him since, he
was then at the City of Washington, acting I think, as one of
the Auditors, we were rais'd in old Onslow and near the same
age. I should like to hear from him —
I have now done with flattery, and will tell you what I
want; I now live in the State of Mississippi, Simpson County,
and near the new post office, Call'd Fayette Hill, and a petition
is getting up praying the department to move said office Eight
miles So. Wt. from where it now is, to the inconvenience of
your humble Servant and many other good Citizens.
I must therefore ask the favor of yourself, Mr. Calhoun and
Mr. Ward, to request the department not to move the office, for
if moved, it will only be to accommodate the contracter of the
rout, and the whims of a few others — If either of you will say
a word, it will be esteem'd and regarded as a special favor not
only by me but many others —
Respectfully
Jno. B. Thompson.
N. B. If either of you have any extra publick documents, I
should be thankful to receive a few of them — J B T
[Addressed : ]
The Honourable,
Wiley P. Mangum
Federal City
Columbo
98 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
John T. Towers^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington, April 12, 1844.
Dr Sir:
Believing that you desired the continuation of the publica-
tion of at least one thorough Whig paper in this city, and that
you deem it of importance to the party, I have thought proper
to address you this note on the subject. In the first place it may
be necessary to state the circumstances by which I find my-
self in my present position. Some short time after the stoppage
of the "Independent," I was one of the persons spoken to in
reference to its revival; I thought then, with many others, that
as much good would be accomplished by delaying the establish-
ment of another Whig paper in this city until the eve of the
meeting of the 28th Congress, as by the revival of the In-
dependent then, and that a certain loss would be avoided by the
postponement; even upon the liberal terms proposed by the
gentlemen who had the matter in hand. The conversation that
occurred on the subject made me acquainted with the import-
ance which was attached to it by the leading men of the party.
During the past summer many good Whigs of the city thought
it imperatively necessary that some thing should be done at
once to combat and answer the daily libels of the Globe upon
our champion and his friends, as well as to advance his claims.
Concurring fully with them in their views. I did not hesitate
to do what I could to meet the emergency by the investment in
the cause of what little means I had accumulated; believing
that I would not be permitted to suffer any serious pecuniary
loss; and supposing such might be the case, I should still have
the satisfaction of having contributed something to sustain the
cause. The Whigs of the city have accomplished all I expected
of them, and by the daily evidences of their good will, in sub-
scriptions and advertising, are contributing materially to its
permanent establishment — but many complain of the entire de-
votion of the whole paper to party - which prevents a larger
increase of its circulation; besides the fact that a large portion
of the reading population - clerks in offices — being on the same
account, afraid to risk their places by subscribing. I presume
you are aware of the heavy expense attendant on the establish-
ment of a daily paper - and know also that time is as essential
^''See above, III, 467n.
The Mangum Papers 99
to it, as money. I have invested about $3000 in printing ma-
terials, and have expended about $800 more, above my receipts,
besides somewhat involving myself. I knew what the under-
taking would cost before I tried it, and am not disappointed at
it. My expectation was to so far receive the patronage of our
party in Congress by printing speeches and other matter during
the canvass, as to make up my losses at least; but I had no idea
that I should be apparently deserted by those whom I most de-
sign to defend; but such appears to be the fact. I have never
appealed to the party for pecuniary aid, nor do I now; all I ask
is an opportunity to earn enough to meet my losses, provided it
is in the power of the party to do so, without detriment to them-
selves. If the '"Standard" is thought to be of no advantage to
the party, an intimation to that effect will be suficient to induce
me to fall back upon our own local matters, and look to our own
people to sustain it as a local paper; if otherwise, it is necessary
that something should be done; I presume, in that case, no one
would expect me to involve myself in further embarrassment
by going on. Should it be desirable, and it can be done at very
little sacrifice, the paper can be enlarged to the size of the
other dailies of the city, in order to meet more fully the wishes
of the friends of the paper. Excuse me for the liberty I have
taken, but I feel it my duty to make known my grievances be-
fore I complain about them.
Very respectfully
Jno. T, Towers.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed:] Hon. Wm. P. Mangum.
J. Watson Wehh to Willie P. Mangum,J^^
( Confidential. )
New York
April 13 1844
My Dear Sir:
I intend sailing from this City in the Packet of the 21st of
April for Liverpool, to be absent until about the 1st of July -
^*I have been unable to locate the original of this letter. Fortunately, Dr. Stephen B. Weeks
left a typed copy which he compared with the original. On the typed copy in Dr. Weeks' hand-
writing is a note to the eflFea that the letter was unsigned and that it was in the autograph of James
Watson Webb. See below. W. P. Mangum to J. W. Webb. April 20. 1844. in volume V. This
letter was discovered too late to include in volume IV.
100 State Department of Archives and History
so that I will be here during the four last and most important
months of the great contest. I have just written an article in
favour of Mr. Clayton's nomination to the Vice Presidency,
which will appear on Monday, to be followed up by my assist-
ants during my absence. And having thus attended to my po-
litical duties, I must be held excusable if I run away for ten
weeks to attend to my private affairs.
The object of my visit is to negotiate a loan for or make a
sale of the stock of the Banellvill mining Company, chartered
by the State of Maryland for the manufacture of Iron in the
County of Alleghany. The sum I propose borrowing for them
is $750,000; and there can be no doubt but who so ever suc-
ceeds in bringing into the County foreign capital to develop &
bring into market the inexhaustable wealth of Forests & Moun-
tains, does an acceptable & patriotic service to the Country.
Since I saw you, I have visited the property in question, in
company with Professors Silliman, Schoolcraft, Renwick^^^ &
others, who have made an official report upon its mineral re-
sources which are really unexcelled. They report that Iron may
be made at a price on this property in consequence of the con-
tiguity of the Coal & Iron Ore which cannot fail to yield a
large income to the manufacturers; & in consequence of the
super-abundance of capital in England, it is only necessary to
overcome the feeling against investments in the U. S. to win
my success. To accomplish this, I intend to take letters which
will insure a proper social position and satisfy capitalists that
I am not an adventurer, & that whatever I state as facts, on my
own knowledge, may be implicity relied upon. Mr. Webster,
Govr. Cass, Judge Wilkins the Secy of War, Governor Seward
& many private gentlemen, will & have written letters to our
minister & consul, asking them to give me letters to any Banker
I may designate, assuring him that he may rely implicitly up-
on any statement I may make. It would undoubtedly have
added to my strength & chance of success if I could have taken
similar letters from Mr. Clay & some others of our prominent
men; but I did not feel justified in troubling them.
My object in thus occupying your time, is to ask you, in case
you are of the same opinion with Mr. Crittenden, to address me
a letter, stating that there is no danger of any alteration of the
tarijf at this session; and also, if such is your opinion, that noth-
^^He possibly refers to Edward S. Renwick, Henry R. Schoolcraft, and Benjamin Silliman.
The Mangum Papers 101
ing will be done in relation to Oregon or Texas. You will at
once perceive that the prospects of a reduction of the duty on
Iron will necessarily retard my negotiations; & consequently, if
no such reduction is about to take place, I feel that there can
be no impropriety in my request. At all events, if you should
think otherwise, you will, I am sure, frankly say so, in the full
conviction that I will appreciate your motives & take no ex-
ception to your decision. If on the contrary, you can with per-
fect propriety, write me such a letter as I desire, it will do me
much good; & if our friend Morehead would join in it, I should
not be unmindful of the kindness. If you should determine to
write me a letter corroborating the declaration Mr. Crittenden
on the floor of the Senate, you may further add to the kind-
ness, by so wording the letter as to assume that my application
will not & cannot be considered one from an adventurer or
speculator, but when backed by my word will be entitled to
consideration so far as facts & merit warrant it. My course
too, in regard to the repudiating states & companies & com-
panies Isic} might be referred to as evidence that I would not
recommend any loan or investment which I did not feel would re-
pay richly those who embark in it. Of one thing rest assured,
I will not make any representation, for the truth of which I
would not stake my life.
I have thus written your fully and frankly as if to an old
friend who is familiar with my every thought; & in the same
frankness I assure you most truly, that if you should decline
giving me the letter I solicit, it would
[Rest of letter is missing]
WPM-LC
James Wehh to Willie P. Mangum.
HiLLSBORO N. C. April 13 1844
Dr Sir
I Rec'd from our friend Mr Cain a check for $650 for you.
Please to say how I am to appropriate it.
Mr Cain does not know when he will return
102 State Department of Archives and History
Mr Graham is mending slowly We shall have a Blow up
among the Whigs of Orange if the question of Division^^^ of the
County is not settled
Use your influence to bring about a compromise the Whigs
about Hillsboro will not vote for Division Whigs over Haw
River and they are determined on Division they have become
rabid since the appropriation to build a New Court House
I have not time to say more when you come home we will
talk freely on the subject. Yours obt
Sert
James Webb.
[Postmarked:] Hillsboro N. C. Apr 14
[Addressed : ]
Honl. W. P. Mangum
Washington
City.
WPM-D
Henry Clay to Willie P. Mangum.
Raleigh April 14th 1844.
My Dear Sir,
I received here your favor of the 9th inst. and I am greatly
obliged by the views opinions and information which it con-
tains. It relieved me from some solicitude which I had felt. I
think you need entertain no fears that your own opinions will
not be fully sustained and supported by your constituents. In-
deed throughout the whole of that portion of the South, which
I have traversed, I have found a degree of indifference or op-
position to the measure of annexation which quite surprized me.
I have forborne to make any exposition of the sentiments which
I entertain upon the subject; but it is my intention after my
loupor some years before 1844 the citizens west of the Haw River in Orange County had been
trying to divide the county and create a new county in the region that is today Alamance County. In
May the county commissioners let a contract to rebuild the old courthouse. To the people west of
Haw River this meant that there would be no division. The controversy increased. On May 23, 1844,
the editor of the Hillsborough Recorder refused to publish any more letters from the Haw River sec-
tion unless the writers' names were signed or the attacks on personalities were discontinued. On
August 1 the voters were permitted to express their wishes on division in a referendum. The result
was 1364 for and 1656 against division. Hillsborough Recorder, April 4, May 2, 23, August 8, 1844.
Finally in 1849 a division was realized by the creation of Alamance County.
The Mangum Papers 103
arrival at Washington to make such an exposition if I deem it
necessary. I can easily avail myself for that purpose of any one
of several letters of enquiry which have been addressed to
me.^^^ I do not entertain the slightest apprehension of any in-
jury to our cause from the publication of my opinions. On the
contrary I believe it would be benefitted and strengthened.
My reception at the Capital of your State has been cordial
and enthusiastic, and attended by numbers, far surpassing my
most sanquine anticipations.
I am faithfully, your friend,
and obednt. Servnt.
H Clay.
Honble. Mr Mangum
[Addressed:] The Honble Willie P. Mangum
&c &c &c
City of
Washington.
[Postmarked:] Raleigh N. C. Apr 15
WPM-LC
B. W. Leigh to Willie P. Mangum,
Richmond, April 17 1844
My dear Sir
I write merely to ask you, whether you received an answer
I wrote you to your letter of the 25th March. The question is
no otherwise important, than that I may be assured that you
got it, instead of it's falling into the hands of other persons.
There were somethings in it, on which I wished to hear further
from you, tho' it was not very material that you should take
the trouble of replying.
^"Clay visited Raleigh on April 12-14 as a result of an earlier invitation from the Whigs of
North Carolina. From April 11 through 13 a great celebration was held. From 3000 to 4000
people attended the meetings on the twelfth and thirteenth. Several out of state visitors were there,
including Benjamin Watkins Leigh, who, with three others, made two and three hour speeches each
in one day. On April 13 Clay spoke for two hours. Six other speeches and fire works were part
of the program for the same day. On April 17 after consulting with Governor John M. Morehead,
George Badger, and other North Carolina Whigs, Clay wrote his famous Raleigh letter on annexation.
He sent the letter to Crittenden and asked to have it published in the National Intelligencer. In the
letter Clay reviewed the history of the Texas question. He said we once owned Texas but gave up
our claim to it and, therefore, had no right to reclaim it. He opposed annexing Texas if a con-
siderable portion of a section of the Union opposed it, for it would break the balance between the
free and slave states. He was also opposed to assuming the Texas debt. If, however, a foreign power
should try to colonize or subjugate Texas, the United States should oflFer opposition. Clay reached
Washington on April 26 and this letter was published in the Intelligencer the next day. On the
evening of the same day Van Buren's letter on annexation appeared in the Globe. McMaster, Hist,
of the People of the U. S., VII, 327-328; Van Deusen, Life of Clay, 364-366.
104 State Department of Archives and History
The public mind here is very full of Texas.
Your friend,
B: W: Leigh
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Senator U. S.
Washington.
WPM-LC
Richard H. AtweW^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York April 17 1844
Confidential
My Dear Sir
When I was in Washington a few weeks since, you did me
the honour to express your views somewhat freely, in relation
to the candidate for the vice-presidency, and I take the liberty
of saying a word or two to you, in order, in return, to state what
my impressions are, in relation to the direction that will be
given to the vote, of the State of New York, in the Balto Con-
vention - after having taken a little time to look about, I be-
lieve that out of the thirty six votes, of this State, thirty, or
thirty-two, will be cast in good faith for Millard Fillmore, and
it is quite possible that all may be on the first ballot. Two Dis-
tricts in the City of New York, would by their representatives
vote for some other one, but they will probably be instructed
to vote for him, which I think would not take place, if Mr. Clay-
ton had come amongst us. The people of this State so far as I
can learn, entertain not that strong and ardent feeling for Mr.
F. that Mr. Clay commands, but an esprit de corps, which will
enable their representative to "back up" their choice with great
effect. I do believe that Millard Fillmore would run well in this
State, but I do not believe that the affections of the Whigs are
so concentrated upon him as to render it dangerous, to leave
if'^See above, 85,
The Mangum Papers 105
him off the ticket/^^ - except so far as the loss, (if any) of the
additional votes he could bring in the Western part of the State,
might be considered so.
Almost, if not entirely, the Whig vote can be controlled by
Mr. Clay, and it must be very strong man that can keep him,
when I say almost I mean, abolitionists whigs, and anti masons,
besides whigs regular, these irregulars, are the ones Mr. F. is
said by some to control.
You will meet with many ''lobby members" of the Conven-
tions from N. Y. and some actual ones, who will talk large
about our state, as to the necessity that their particular Candi-
date should be nominated, in order to secure success here, that
defeat will be more than probable without him, &c. &c. these
statements must not be believed. I am but a very humble in-
dividual myself, but I have the vanity to think that after a
little "comparing of notes" with my fellows, and the masses, I
can gather as good or better evidence of public opinion in the
party, as the delegates and "maybe a little better," for they
frequently are exposed [sicl more to be biased, than one who
does not have a vote upon the matter, neither would you be
justified in my opinion - as a member of the Convention, - in
believing that Mr. F. would bring contempt, upon the ticket,
he is respected in this State.
But by no means my Dear Sir, must Mr. Talmadge be per-
mitted to be nominated. I believe it would lose us the electoral
vote of the State, such is the present feeling against him, as such
nominee, I am constrained to say that Abbot Lawrence is ap-
parently less appreciated here than Mr Fillmore is at the South
and West, he is not enough known in New York State how-
ever much he may be in the South though certainly there is a
most powerful argument in his favour in the fact ( if it be such )
that the Mercantile and Commercial interests of the Country
will be conciliated, and put in motion by the nomination of
him. I belong to that class, and have reason to know, that they
move with great power, when the mass of them can be put in
motion, though it must be confessed, that as we say of G. and
the old Webster Clique, where they are - as a general thing,
^^''Fillmore wanted the vice presidential nomination, but Weed and others decided that he was
needed more to head the state ticket for governor. On June 16, 1844, Weed wrote: " "I am ac-
cused of all sorts of wicked designs in opposing Fillmore's nomination for Vice-President ... as I
knew I should be, but I determined to do my duty to the Party and take the curses. I knew that
if F. was nominated for V. P. we should have some unfit man for Governor.' " Fillmore was
defeated for governor by Silas Wright by 10,033. Van Deusen, Thurlow Weed, 132-133, 136, 362n.
106 State Department of Archives and History
through the series of years that make up a generation, "The
Masses" are not to he found. These things must not be disre-
garded by those who have the laying out, a line of policy, on a
large and prominent scale, for the whole Whig party, through
the nation.
Upon this point our "great Captains" opinion would be in
our estimation of great value. Webb your protege is making a
fool of himself again, he might as well expect to push the
Pallisade into the north river, as to destroy the influence and
power, in this State of "the Boys"^^^ see if we dont nominate
our candidate for Governor, and elect him too.
I have the honour to be very faithfully yours,
RiCHD. H. Atwell.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
WPM-LC
Memucan Hunt to Willie P. Mangum.
Galveston, Texas,
18th Apl. 1844
My Dear Sir,
As I have before done on two occasions, I again take the
liberty to do, that of inclosing to your care a letter for my
esteemed friend Gen'l. Henderson.^^^
The British and French Ministers have both conveyed to
the government of Texas notes protesting against a treaty of
annexation to the U. S. A.^^^
Captain Elliot^^^ the Charge d' Affaires of Great Britain left
here a few days since for the U. S. He informed me that his
family was at Natchez, where he expected to spend some weeks,
or months. My impression is that the government of Great
Britain, would be exceedingly gratifyed to witness a dissolu-
tion of the U. S., and may think, that in connexion with this
great question of reannexation, auspicious movements for that
end can be made. May an allwise Providence prevent such a
i""Webb did not go along with Weed and Seward. He advocated the nomination of Webster
for Vice President.
i^^He refers to James Pinckney Henderson, one of the commissioners from Texas to Washington.
i"2For a fresh discussion of the influence of the action of England and France on annexation, see
Wiltse, Calhoun: Sectionalist, 151-155, 170-171, 200-201, 209, 215.
i03Captain Charles Elliott.
The Mangum Papers 107
calamity to my native land, and to mankind in general. The
Government of the U. S. can not keep too scrutinising an eye
on the movements of her great commercial rival Great Britain.
The Count de Saligny, Charge d' Affaires of France is now
in this City; he confident that Texas will never again be united
to the U. S.
Your Minister Gen'l. Murphy^^* is likewise here.
Just before the departure of Captain Eliot the President,
Genl. Houston, had a long private interview with him, and it
is said wrote a despatch to our Minister at Washington instruct-
ing him, if our negotiations had not gone too far, to withdraw
and return home. This despatch was placed in the hands of
Captain E., as I learn, with the desire that he would cause it to
be transmited himself.^^^ I have no confidence in President
Houston, and never make any lasting calculations on any thing
that he may either write, or speak. I believe, however, that he
is anxious to see Texas annexed to the U. S.
I have the honor to remain with
great respect your friend and obedient sv't
Memucan Hunt
To Hon. W. P. Mangum
Prest. U. S. Senate
[Addressed:]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
President of the
U. S. Senate
WPM-LC
James R. Wood^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New Yk. Apl. 19, 44
Dear Sir
By a vote of the Board of Management of the 7th Ward Dem-
ocratic Clay club, you were unanimously invited to be present
i6*W. S. Murphy.
leesam Houston's motives are hard to evaluate. He may have desired to maintain permanent
independence of Texas or he may have been playing England and France against the United States to
force ratification. Wiltse, Calhoun: Sectionalist, 158-159; Justin H. Smith, The Annexation of Texas,
New York, 1941, 160-169; Marquis James, The Raven: A Biography of Sam Houston, Indianapolis,
1929, 349-351.
iwjames R. Wood was a New York surgeon. Longworth's New York Directory, 1844-1845, 386.
108 State Department of Archives and History
and address the club on the occasion of the presentation of a
Banner to the club by the Whigs of the Ward.
By order of the Board
Jas. R. Wood Pres
Wm. R. Loudon sec
To Honl. Willie P. Mangum.
'Justice to Harry of the West."^
67
Seventh Ward Democratic Clay Club.
New York, April 18, 1844.
Sir,
You are hereby notified that a Regular Meeting of the above
Club v^ill be held at CROTON HALL, corner of Bowery and
Division St., on the Evening of Wednesday, the 24th instant, at
7 o'clock.
By order of
James R Wood, President.
John Cromwell, ) Secretaries.
William R. Loudon,)
A magnificent Banner will be presented to the Club, on the
above evening.
Seats reserved for the Ladies.
WPM-LC
Edward S. Tod to Major W. B. Morris & othersJ^^
Memphis April 20th 1844
Gentlemen
I had the pleasure of receiving a communication from you
containing certain interrogatories in relation to the location
i^^This letter was printed on the same sheet with the preceding letter.
i^^In 1842 Matthew F. Maury, an advocate of direa trade between the South and Europe, wrote
an article for the National Intelligencer advocating a navy yard at Memphis. The Tennessee legislature,
thereupon, petitioned Congress, and F. P. Stanton, a Tennessee congressman, made it his project.
After two naval surveys. Congress appropriated the money to begin the construaion, which began in
October, 1845. It proved a wasteful projea, and, despite pressure from Memphis, the project re-
ceived smaller and smaller appropriations until it was finally discontinued. Only one ship was built
at the navy yard. Gerald M. Capers. Jr., The Biography of a River Town Memphis: Its Heroic Age,
Chapel Hill, 1939. 82-85.
The Mangum Papers 109
of the Naval depot & dock yard on the fourth Chickasaw Bluffs -
to which I hasten to reply
1st During the second visit of the Commissioners appointed
to examine the harbor of Memphis I was requested by D.
Morrison Esq to make an estimate of the number of cubic yards
of embankment necessary to raise the Batture in front of
Memphis to high water mark, which I did by accurate measure-
ment - and found that about five hundred and fifty thousand
cubic yards would be required I do not remember the precise
number but it would not vary much from my statement - this
estimate was handed by me to the commissioners & agreed to by
Mr. Morrison - the lowest price at which in my opinion the em-
bankment could be made is twenty cents per cubic yard as the
hauling would be from three hundred to six hundred yards for a
great portion of the work - the cost at this price would be one
hundred & ten thousand dollars - the estimate handed to the com-
missioners at their first visit was made, by Mr. Morrison himself
and was published in their report
2nd In answer to the second interrogatory I reply that from
information which I have received from some of the oldest &
most respectable citizens in Memphis the depth of water where
the Batture now is was more than forty feet at low water be-
fore the year 1828 at which time the formation began —
3rd I should consider that for the location of a naval depot
& dock yard the preference is decidedly to be given to Fort
Pickering both on account of permanency & cost of forming the
yard, as regards permanency I would state that I have seen
rock formation at low water both a short distance above the
proposed site & and at the lower part of it, the Table Bench at
the Fort has remained unchanged since it has been known & be-
fore it was cleared a few years ago it was covered with timber
of a large size of at least 125 years standing which could be
determined by counting the rings formed each year during the
growth of the tree - the table bench is one hundred & ninety
feet wide in the narrowest part of the proposed site extends
about two thousand feet along its front & is up to high water
mark —
4th I have made an estimate of the number of cubic yards
necessary to be removed from the Bluff in order to reduce the
grade of that portion of it coloured pink on the plat herewith
sent to five & one quarter degrees and find it amounts to two
110 State Department of Archives and History
hundred & sixty five thousand - the part proposed to be graded
is five hundred feet v^ide at the edge of the Bluff & four hundred
where the grade strikes the surface of the ground v^hich is six
hundred feet from the edge of the Bluff the grade is proposed
to be carried by embanking about two hundred feet across the
table bench to the water's edge —
Proposals have been made to do the grading required for
ten cents per cubic yard by W. B. Morris & W. W. Hart Esqrs
who are men of Judgement in such matters & who offer to give
any security that may be required for the completion of the
work - at the price proposed the grading could be completed
for twenty six thousand five hundred dollars
5th The title of the proposed site is beyond dispute there can
be obtained for the purposes of government a tract containing
a little more than one hundred acres on the following terms
that portion marked 33 acres belonging to J. C. McLemore is
proposed to be given unconditionally to the government, that
part marked 28 V^ acres belonging to John Sugg he proposes to
donate on condition of their purchasing from him a tract of
forty acres lying immediately South of the 28 V^ acres tracts &
adjoining thereto and comprised between the river bank and
the eastern line of the proposed site extended south to the
southern boundary line of his tract for one hundred & fifty dol-
lars per acre or for the sum of six thousand dollars for the
tract, which is deemed a fair price for land in that situation and
is lower than lands have sold a mile from the river immediately
back of it —
This would make the total cost of the one hundred acres
of land and the grading as proposed amount to thirty two thou-
sand five hundred dollars
6th I think that if the site proposed at Fort Pickering had
been within the corporate limits of Memphis the commissioners
would have undoubtedly chosen that place in preference to the
one at the mouth of Wolf
7th The distance from the mouth of Wolf River to the site
proposed at Fort Pickering is about 2^/^ miles the town extends
about one & one half miles below the mouth of that River,
leaving a distance between the lower part of the town and the
site proposed about one mile - the ground between the two
The Mangum Papers 111
places is a plain well adapted for building & without doubt will
in a few years be covered with houses.
Yours with Respect
Edwd S. Tod
Civil Engineer
Messrs Gen. Eastim Morris
W. W. Hart
W Howard
Major W. B. Morris.
[Endorsed:]
B. Mr. Tods Reply.
WPM-LC
A, W. Gay^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Knap of Reeds, Granville, April 20th — 1844
Dear Sir.
The Whigs of Granville have this day nominated me as one
of their candidates for a seat in the next Legislature; and I
suppose I shall feel it my duty, tho' with great reluctance, to
accept the nomination.
That I may be prepared to sustain the whig cause in the ap-
proaching contest, I thought it not amiss to apply to you for
such documents as you may judge best suited to the purpose.
I shall specify a few of the points upon which I most desire in-
formation.
1. The history of the late Bank of the United States - espe-
cially its aid in conducting the fiscal operations of the govern-
ment and its beneficial influence upon the currency and general
business of the country. If the speeches delivered by Mr. Cal-
houn in the Senate on Jackson's veto of the Bank and the re-
moval of the Deposites can be readily procured, they would
probably furnish all the information necessary. Calhoun would
be an important witness in Granville.
"^A physician who entered the race for the legislature. He was defeated. See A. W. Gay to
W. P. Mangum, December 4, 1845.
112 State Department of Archives and History
In connexion with the above I should be glad to have a copy
of the Sub-Treasury bill, approved July 4th. 1840: also Clay's
Bank bill vetoed at the Extra Session.
I think of making the bank question the special issue. I am
confident that question is stronger by twenty per cent in Gran-
ville than the whig cause. I have always been rather ultra
bank - perhaps more so than Mr. Clay.
2. The Tariff. I suppose I shall have little trouble on this
question; because Van Buren is more of a Tariff man than Clay.
But I should like to have some proof as to Van Buren's latest,
views on the Tariff.
3. The Bankrupt law. All the difficulty I anticipate on this
question is the fact that Clay was instructed to vote for its re-
peal and disobeyed. Was he instructed unconditionally?
4. Annexation of Texas. On this question I am yet uncom-
mitted. I presume it cannot be made a party question. I know
nothing of the views of either Clay or Van Buren on this ques-
tion. The ground which I think of taking in relation to the
matter is this.
Personally I am in favor of Annexation if it can be effected
without too great a sacrifice. But, if it is to involve us in a war
with Mexico and England and the Indians, and occasion a dis-
solution of the Union, then I am apposed to it.
5. Expenditures of the government for the last 15 or 20
years, - especially the exact financial condition of the govern-
ment on the 4th. of March 1841, and what it has been ever since.
This you know is a matter of the first importance, and, on every
point it is essential that I have the most indisputable documen-
tary proof.
6. Gerrymandering of the state^''^^ by the last Legislature.
Would it be best, before the people, to take the ground that the
next Legislature, if whig, should remodel the Congressional
districts of the state? The excuse given by the other party for
that act is that the same thing was done by a whig Legislature
i™As a result of the census of 1840, North Carolina lost four seats in the national House of
Representatives. The legislature which apportioned the seats was under the control of the Democrats,
who proceeded to gerrymander the state to their advantage. Orange County, which usually cast ma-
jority votes for the Whigs, was put with the Democratic counties of Franklin and Warren. Since the
section around Greensboro usually voted for the Whigs, the counties near Greensboro were luniped
together so that they would not help other divided districts to go Whig. In 1844 the Whigs gained
control of the legislature and redistricted the state to their advantage. Under the 1844 plan. Orange,
Guilford, Caswell, and Person composed the Seventh Distria, and Halifax, Warren, Franklin, Wake,
and Granville were placed together. C. C. Norton, Democratic Party in N. C, 73, 145; Hillsborough
Recorder, May 30, 1844.
The Mangum Papers 113
of Massachusetts in districting that state since 1840. Is this
true? What are the real facts of the case?
I hope, Sir, you will not regard me as being too troublesome
in making these inquiries and requests. The approaching con-
test is one of unequaled importance. Those who may be called
upon to sustain the whig cause, ought to be thoroughly pre-
pared. I have no means of obta[in]ing the requisite informa-
tion except through you. Never having desired or expected to
become a candidate, I have not preserved such Newspapers or
documents as might have been useful at the present time.
I shall be glad to hear from you soon. On the 7th of May, be-
ing court week, the candidates for this county will have to ad-
dress the people and declare themselves and avow their princi-
ples.
I was in Raleigh last week when Mr. Clay was there. Such
an assemblage I never saw. But Mr. Clay will tell you all about
it. I understand that many of the other party came to him,
told him they had seen their error, and should hereafter sup-
port him.
Direct to Knap-of-Reeds, P. O.
Granville,
Truly Yours &c.
A. W. Gay.
P.S. What apology or excuse can be given for the whigs in elect-
ing John Tyler? We shall have that matter thrown at us contin-
ually
Oxford May 7th 1844.
The within was written in anticipation of what I expected to
occur on the 20th ult. but the day was so rainy, that nothing was
done. The nomination was made today and, as I anticipated, I am
one of the nominees. I hope you will send me such documents as
you may think suited to the purpose. In relation to the Texas
question, I suppose I shall need nothing but what I shall find in
114 State Department of Archives and History
the papers. I see no Washington paper, except the Congressional
Globe.
Yours &c.
A. W. Gay.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
B. W. Leigh to Willie P. Mangum.
Richmond, April 22, 1844
My dear Sir —
I have received your letter of the 18th. I was very much de-
lighted v^ith my visit to Raleigh - for, as you may suppose, I
w^as quite at home among the North Carolinians, and the North
Carolina Whigs w^ere there in all their glory. The Whigs esti-
mated that there v^ere about 8000 or 9000 w^higs present* — The
democrats, I understood, struck off a nought, and said there
could not be more than about 800: but having put forth their
estimate on Saturday morning (the 13th), pains w^ere taken
to ascertain the quantity of meat consum,ed at the barbecue
that day, which was found to be above 7000 lbs averdupois;
whereupon some wag among the whigs said, that if 800 whigs
consumed at one dinner 7000 lbs of meat, Van Buren would not
be a breakfast even for them. Clay was in fine spirits, and in the
best humour - he made an excellent speech, but as he was not
excited by the collision of debate, he did not rise to any of his
high flights of eloquence; and I told our friends so, but they
could not believe me - you, who know him will. There was not
a single personal remark in the speech, and but only one per-
sonal allusion, and that was to Tyler; so slight, however, that
it did not strike even Duncan Cameron, acute as you know he
is, until I called his attention to it. The very slightness of the
allusion marked his contempt more strongly than the most
laboured invective could have done. I don't know whether I
shall be able to see you as I pass through Washington on my
The Mangum Papers 115
way to Baltimore. I will if I can — Meantime, if there is any
thing I ought to be informed of on the subject of the Vice presi-
dency, write to me, and send your letter to Baltimore by the
mail of monday the 29th - I shall be in Baltimore the evening
of that day.
Yrs truly
B: W: Leigh
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
* There were 600 from your county of Orange.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Senator U. S.
WPM-LC
C. F. Welles, Jr.''^' to Willie P. Mangum.
Athens Bradford County Pa.
April 23, 1844
Honl W P Mangum
U. S. Senate
Dear Sir
Though personaly an entire Stranger to you I feel
that you are not so to me from your long & brilliant career as
a Member of the Senate which has given me strong confidence
in your judgment & opinions in relation to Government matters.
The object of this letter you will see is to get your opinion in
relation to the probable result of the Orogan, Tarriff & Sub
Treasury question, more especially the Orogan; Will the Mad
Caps of the Country & Congress — belonging to Polks party over-
throw the more Conservative portion of his friends & force the
Government to Settle the Orogan question by War in claiming
all & no compromise
Will your honorable body pass the Sub Treasury bill as it
came from the house? Will the party in power repeal the pres-
ent excellent Tariff or Materially alter the Same.
I'lUnabie to identify.
116 State Department of Archives and History
My object in making these enquiries are first I am now a
partner in a mercantile house in this place doing a Somewhat
extensive business in produce &c & if we are to have war, Sub
Treasury & repeal of the present Tariff, I wish to Curtail very
much or stop entirely. Again I am disposed to do a large lumber-
ing business the ensuing year in which I should probable in-
vest some 15 to $25,000 in Cash and this operation depends en-
tirely upon the issue of the Orogan question if War is to come
I should not invest one dollar in any article to be sold in 1847
The business of the country is now healthy & good & the
prospects for the ensuing year are very fair indeed unless the
insane infatuation of the Locofoco party shall plunge the
Country into war & inflict upon the same the Sub Treasury &
repeal the Tariff. When I say the Country is almost unanimous
against war for anything North of 49 parralel I say what nine-
teen twentieths of the Sensible people will bear me out in. The
war fever is raised by the paid agents of men who have or ex-
pect to get office, men who have no business & never will have
but to steal from the government. This 54.40 War Cry rises
in the large cities & towns by office expecants & Country Editors
who in fact know nothing of public opinion except the little
cliques who rule every loco foco paper catch up the cry & echo
it back & from the Editor the pot house politician catches the
cry & reiterates it to his base associates & so goes the cry. What
interest have these men in the welfare of the country? Their
interest is in war that they may rob & plunder from others.
What care they about oragon, nothing, all they want is to live
on the spoils of war or office These are the men who back the
Aliens Capes Hanegans and their Coworkers in crying out for
54. 40.^^^ Shall we be ruled by such men - heaven forbid
Sir by giving me your opinion in answer to the questions put
in this letter you will confer a lasting favour on one who claims
^■^^By July, 1843. the American settlers in Oregon had established a temporary governnaent to
protect themselves. Petitions from various state legislatures began pouring into Congress asking for
the establishment of a territorial government and for the acquisition of the territory up to 54° 40' N.
By April, Senator Edward A. Hannegan. of Indiana, William Allen, of Ohio, and others were belli-
gerent in their demand for all of Oregon.
The Mangum Papers 117
a close political relationship with you & the grand Whig Army
of the Union
Most Respectfully Your
obt Servant
C. F. Welles Jr
Athens
Bradford Co
Pa
[Postmarked:] Athens Pa. Apr 24
[Addressed : ]
Honl. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
Wesley Hollister^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Raleigh N Carolina Apl 23d 1844
Dear Sir
Enclosed are keys belonging to the Hon H Clay - they were
drop^ by his Servant on his recent visit to this place & I was
not able to learn to whom they belonged until it was too late
for me to forward them direct to Mr Clay & as they may be of
some importance to him — & not knowing of any more direct
way to send I take the liberty of troubling you with them - be-
lieving that you will [know] where to direct them that they
may reach him most speedily.
Very Respectfully
Your obdt Servant
Wesley Hollister
Hon W P Mangum
"^Wesley Hollister was president of the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad. Moses N. Amis, His-
torical Raleigh from its Foundation in 1792: Descriptive, Biographical, Educational Industrial, Re-
ligious, Raleigh, 1902, 116.
118 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
B. L. White^'^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
WiLLiAMSTON Martin Co! April 23d 1844.
My Dear Sir.
I have taken this liberty to ask of you a piece of friendship
if in your power. If my memory does not deceive me, my late
deceased Brother (Willie N. White) often during his last days
of affliction spoke of your tender friendship to him.
In this case I have through my representative (Mr. K. Ray-
ner) put a claim into his hands to see if there is not justly due
me by government, for Military Services rendered by my
Father — Mr. Rayner has v^ritten to me on the subject, he pro-
poses some questions which I am not at this time able to answer
satisfactorily — Will you if you can recollect that at any time
you ever heard my Brother speak any thing on the matter pre-
vious to his death, I believe you were with him during his last
illness —
The claim rests upon the following grounds, my father was
commissioned Lieut. Col. in the late war by President Madison,
he was stationed at Charleston S. C, and Genl. Pinckney was
the commander, whether he served during all the war, I am as
yet unable to say, - if therefore you can assist my Representa-
tive in the establishing of this Claim, I will take it as one of the
greatest favours.
I have settled in old Martin, and happy to inform you that
I am doing as well as the times will admit.
We are preparing to try and do something for "Harry of the
West." I would be glad to receive some speeches from you
whenever it is convenient to send them.
Resp your friend
B. L. White.
Honl. W. P. Mangum
U. S.
i^*Brother of Willie N. White, who married Mary (Cain) Sutherland, Mangum's sister-in-law.
The Mangum Papers 119
WPM-LC
John Walker to Willie P. Mangum.
Brooksville April 24th 1844
Hon Mr Mangum
Dear Sir
Pleas Confer a favour upown me. by sending me docu-
ments or political papers, for election pourpose, for the Loco
Focos ar Sending Kendals Lies into This town and we want
truth to face them. The Whigs of this State are Waking up
and Shall try hard to give the vote to Henry Clay That Noble
Patriot, but we want truth to Circulate among the people, we
have evrything To face all those miserable Abolitionist. They
and the Loco Focos go Hand in Hand Circulating falsehoods
and. Ministers Professing to preach the gospel Abusing Hon
Henry Clay, but Clay must be Elected he will be and no mis-
take, in my humble opinion he will Carry Maine.
Verry Respectfully Yours
John Walker
Brooksville Me
April 25*^
[Addressed : ]
Hon Willie P Mangum
Senator in Congress
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
Lewis Eaton^'^^ to Willie P. Mangura
New York Apl 27. 1844
Hon W. P. Mangum
Dear Sir
This will be handed by John G Brown Esq of Buffalo, he
goes as delegate to the Baltimore Convention, he is a Zealous
^■^^Probably Lewis Eaton, who was a member of Congress from New York from 1823 to 1825
and the state senate from 1829 to 1832. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 932.
120 State Department of Archives and History
& an efficient politician and understands the state of parties
well in our state any attention you may pay him will much
Oblige
Yr friend & obt Set.
Lewis Eaton
[Addressed : ]
Hon W. P. Mangum
Pres. U. S. S
Washington D. C.
WPM-LC
Micajah Mangum to Willie P. Mangum.
Richmond 29th. April 1844
Dear Kinsman
Through the politeness of my old friend Capt. Wm. Clai-
bourn I address A few lines to you to let you know that I feel
gld to hear I have one relation^^^ of the name of Mangum left
to tell the history of my Ancestors as far as I am informed.
My grand father's name was Micajah Mangum whos name I
bear he came to this country before the revolutionary war was
wounded at Yorktown and shortly arter the war died in Isle
of Wight County Va leaving three daughters and one son my
father Joseph Mangum who went up the country to Goochland
County about 35 miles above Richmond on James River where
he married Elizabeth Humber in the year 1796 where he lived
till 1817 - when he left Virginia for Alabama (my mother died
in 1807 - leaving 5 children 3 girls & 2 boys) he caried my
brother with him & left me a prentice at the coach making
business — I am now the only one of the name and family now
in Virginia I have been married thirteen years and have had
no children and I feel as tho I had found some lost treasure
in hearing that you were of the old stock full of that warm
feeling towards friends and relations that ever characterized
my old father and familly - and if you should pass thro the
city of Richmond I beg the favour of you to let me see you as
i78>j^jllie p Mangum's ancestors came into North Carolina from Sussex County, Virginia. See
Stephen B. Weeks. "W. P. M.," Biog. Hist, of N. C, V. 237-238.
The Mangum Papers 121
my heart would rejoice to see once more some relation of my
father's. I am A humble Coachmaker and make A very com-
fortable living clear of debt and many warm friend and I know
of no enemy — I shall expect you to let me know when you pass
thro Richmond that I may see you - and may the blesings of
heaven be with you and familly is the f ervant wish of your in-
truding relation —
Mica J AH Mangum.
[Addressed:] To
The Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Washington City
D. C
By the politeness of Captn.
Wm. Claibourn.
WPM-LC
William Kinney^'^'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Staunton Monday Morng.
29th Apr 1844.
My dear Sir.
Presuming that my friends Archer and Morehead are, or
will be in Balto: when this would arrive at Washington, I ven-
ture to address it to you, knowing it will give you pleasure.
As Genl. Ritchie^^^ would say, the sky in Virginia, is bright
and brightning. —
So far as we have heard from our Gain is our loss.
2 in Buckingham, and the Senator 1 King & Queen.
2 Norfolk County 1 Southampton
1 Caroline 1 Tyler
1 Matthews of Middlesex 12
1 Wythe accomac 1
1 Montgomery Mecklenburg 1
1 Floyd Rappahanock 1
1 Pendleton Randolph 1
1 Franklin Brook 1
Wood & Ritchie 1
1 Giles of Mercer, tho' returns not complete
i"An attorney who by 1860 had retired. Livingston Law Register, 1851, 580; 1860, 920.
"^Thomas Ritchie, editor of the Richmond Enquirer.
122 State Department of Archives and History
which makes a difference of 22 on joint ballot, last year the
Loco's had 24 on joint ballot, we want but 1 more (and I have
every reason to believe we shall get from 4 to 8 more) to pro-
duce a tie, our gain in the popular vote has been great in every
county heard from — The Whig in Bath came within one vote,
and it is said he will contest the election - in Alleghany the
Loco was only 10 votes ahead and one precint to hear from
Goggin^^^ is certainly elected to Congress over Gordon by
from 150 to 200 majority
The prospect for redeeming the old Dominion is good, very
good - nothing can defeat us but the Texas question, that I
fear will be a fire brand among the Whigs.
With all respect and esteem
In haste Truly yours
Wm. Kinney.
[Addressed : ]
Honl.
Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City.
WPM-LC
S. P. Walker'^'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Tuesday Night. Apl. SO.^si [1844]
Dear Sir
I drop you a line, the crowd, the spirit, the enthusiasm of 40
is nothing in comparison with the present, thousands are pour-
ing in hourly: and at this moment while Graves of Ky^^^ is
addressing some 10000 persons in front of Barnum's a delega-
tion from New York City 2000 strong with banner & music are
entering the square. The whole 27 congress appear to be pres-
ent.
"ewilliam L. Goggin, Whig Congressman in 1839-1843, 1844-1845, and 1847-1849, and
William F. Gordon, a Democratic Congressman in 1830-1835. Biog. Dir. of Cong.; 1018, 1024.
180 See above. I, 428n.
i*iThis letter should be dated 1844 because the contents show that it was written on the eve of
the National Whig Convention which met in Baltimore on May 1, 1844. April 30 fell on a Tuesday
in 1844.
la^William Jordon Graves, of Kentucky, 1805-1848, was in Congress in 1835-1841. Biog. Dir.
of Cong., 1029.
The Mangum Papers 123
The East, Ohio & Inda. stand firm for Davis.^^^ Fillmore
gains, and so does Frelinghuysen. McKennan^^^ is brought out
today, but nothing is known, more than you can conjecture
about the matter of the V. P. at Washington.
Mr. Clay is expected to come. I hope you can all get here.
They say here, that Carter is elected.
With respect & Esteem
S. P. Walker
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
or Hon. John T. Morehead
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
P. U. Murphey^^^ to Willie P. Mangum,
U. S. Ship Ontario
Norfolk May 2d 44
Dear Sir
I send you by the boat a box of fine terrapins, knowing that
you will enjoy them. I was in hope, that I should of been able to
of visited Washington before this! but my duties have prevented
it, as I have not had a leave from the Dept for nearly seven
years. I shall try and get off for a few days about the middle
of this month, if I can get through with, the surveys I am now
on.
^^John Davis, of Massachusetts.
i**Thomas M. T. McKennon, 1794-1852, of Pennsylvania, had been in Congress as a Whig in
1831-1839 and 1842-1843. He was a presidential eleaor in 1840. Under Fillmore he served as
Secretary of the Interior. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1267.
isspeter Umstead Murphey, 1810-1876, the son of Archibald D. Murphey, attended Bingham
School and the University of North Carolina before he became a midshipman in the United States
Navy in 1831. He served until 1861, when he resigned to join the Confederate Navy. In the Civil
War he served the Confederacy at Norfolk, in the North Carolina waters, and commanded the Selma
at Mobile Bay. After the war he lived in Mobile. Hoyt (ed.). Papers of Murphey, I, 389n.
124 State Department of Archives and History
I should of sent you more oysters had the boat continued
running a little longer, as they had just commenced geting
good at the time she stoped her regular trips.
Yours truly
P. U. MURPHEY
U. S. N
Honble Judge Mangum
Washington
D. C.
N.B. Kindest regards to all of my friends
[Addressed:] The Honble. Willie P. Mangum
Washington
City
D. C.
WPM-LC
Isaac N. Jones to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington Arks,
5th May, '44
Hon
W. P. Mangum.
U. S. Senate.
Dear Sir.
Permit me to acknowledge your kindness in
having sent me the speeches of Messrs. Evans & Bates, of which
I reed 3 or 4 copies each. They are eagerly sought after by the
sober thinking democrats of our vicinity. I have less & less
doubt of the vote of this State going for Mr. Clay.
Mr. E's speech is gigantic, especially when contrasted with
the effort of Mr. McDuffie.i^^ That of Mr. Bates is not less con-
vincive, except from the fact that the grounds taken to debate
upon ( or rather ) the heads of his remarks are fewer. His speech
so far as it goes is admirable.
^^For the speeches of George Evans, Isaac Bates, and George McDuifie on January 19, 29,
February 21. and May 30. 31. 1844. see Cong. Globe, 28 Cong., 1 sess., 159-160; Appendix, 104-
109, 141-144. 294-298, 353-363. 745-753.
The Mangum Papers 125
If I dare presume so far, I would ask you to present my un-
feighed thanks to Mr. Evans; & say to him that his doctrines;
so ably advocated as they have been by himself; need only to
be known as he knows them, to be the sentiments of the ma-
jority of the South, and also that he will much oblige me by
sending to me as many of the copies of it, as he may find it
convenient to put into the mail bags. And as one good turn de-
serves another will you be kind enough to remember my ad-
dress & send me such matter as will help the cause of the
country & H.C.
As the Post offices have not my most entire confidence as
the means of conveyance of Whig documents; I will thank you
to say to me what you send that I may know whether all is reed.
R. River has been unusually high especially below the Mouth of
Little R. Crops much damaged. We are planting our cotton
again & may make 2/3 of a crop if the season is good. The
worms too have done much damage.
Excuse my tedious epistle and believe me to be
Yr obt. St. & Frnd
Isaac N. Jones
[Addressed : ]
Hon Willey P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Mail. Washington City.
WPM-LC
J. H. Haughton^^^ to Willie P. ManguTU.
PiTTSBORo' 23 May 1844
My Dear Sir,
As I am soon to open the canvass for a seat in the Legisla-
ture, I find myself in need of some Dockuments, & knowing
your great zeal & efficiency in the cause of Clay & the Country,
I take the liberty of requesting you to send me such papers &
dockuments as you may deem important particularly on the
^®^John Hooker Haughton, a native of Chatham County, after graduating from the University of
North Carolina, became a lawyer at Pinsboro, He served in the legislature in 1844-1845, 1850-1851,
and 1854-1855. N. C. Manual, 551-552; Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C, 265.
126 State Department of Archives and History
following subjects to wit: An official statement of the appropria-
tions by the last & the present Congress & every thing con-
nected with the subject of expenditures during the last & pres-
ent administration.
The speeches of Messrs Evans, & Simmons & Berrien on the
Tariff if they can be had in pamphlet form or any others that
you may think best on this important subject —
Gov. Morehead of Ky speech on the Bank question & also
the report of the Jackson Committees in 1825 & 1832 I think,
setting forth the great advantages that have resulted to the
Country from the U. S. Bank.
Please present my respects to Messrs Clingman, Barringer
& Rayner & say to them that I would thank them to cooperate
with you in sending me such dockuments & speeches as they
may think proper —
We consider here the coming campaign as of peculiar im-
portance in this Country, because by increasing our majority
handsomely Chatham may hold the balance of power in this
Congressional District.
Whatever I can do towards the consummation of such an
object shall be done.
Mr Graham addressed our people last week (on Tuesday of
Court) in a very able & masterly manner & with fine effect.
From the signs of the times I should not be surprised if he
were to beat Hoke 15,000 or 20,000 votes.
Please excuse my troubling you, in asmuch as I have no
representative in Congress —
The nomination of Mr. Frelingheysen is received by the
Whigs in this & all other parts of the State as far as I have
heard from with general & entire approbation.
With great respect.
Your obt. servt. & friend
J. H. Haughton.
Hon: W P Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Wille P Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City
D. C.
The Mangum Papers 127
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A, Mangum.
Washington City 27th May 1844.
My dear Love.
I have time only to write you a line. - This is the day of the
Van Bur en & Tyler Conventions.
By the miraculous Telegraph, information of what they are
doing at Baltimore, 40 miles off, is communicated in less than
ten seconds. —
I am well. — We shall adjourn on the 17th of June. I hope
to be at home by the 22nd or 23rd of June. — The time of ad-
journment is not fixed, but it will be, on friday next.
I think we shall have a called session, but by postponing ten
days longer, we should not. — Yet that day will be fixed, as I
think, many desire a called session.
My Love to the children, & a kiss to William, & believe me
My Love, as I alway am
Your affectionate husband
Willie P. Mangum
To Mrs. C. A. Mangum.
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum, to Priestley H. Mangum.^^^
Washington City 29th May 1844
My dear Sir.
I have time only to inform you that James K. Polk of Tenn.
has received the unanimous nomination for the Presidency by
the Demo. Convention now sitting at Baltimore. The Magnetic
Telegraph brings the information here every instant. — It is a
literal disbanding of the party for this Campaign. — The sole
object is to keep the party in harness for '48. — I think it pro-
bable Silas Wright of New York will be the nominee for Vice
President. — He, Woodbury, & Gov. Morton of Mass. are now
pushed. We know not the result. — No matter who may be
^**^A part of this letter has been previously published in Charles Warren, Tbe Supreme Court
in the United States, ( 1926) , II, 135.
128 State Department of Archives and History
nominated, We will literally crush the ticket. They feel it. They
know it. —
The Texas treaty will get 16, 17 or 18 Votes at the most.^^^
The party Count much on Texas & its excitements. — They will
be mistaken I think. — We shall adjourn the 17th June too early
by ten days. — For unless we vote upon the joint resolutions,
which we shall hardly do, we shall be called back again if
Tyler shall have vitality enough to hope. — The least can in-
spire him & his Palinurus John Jones^^^ to hope strongly. —
I have never Witnessed stronger excitement than here, for
two days. —
The Telegraph is in rooms on the North end of the Capitol,
under my room. — Every new turn at Baltimore, comes here
in less than the twentieth part of a second - absolutely a Mi-
raculous triumph of Science. —
Yesterday evening from 4 to 7 oclock, more than a thousand
people were in attendance at the Window, at which placerds in
large letters, were exhibited, upon the receipt of each item of
news. — To day from 7 to 900 were attending, when the news
came that Polk was unanimously nominated.— I was out of
my seat, at a window above, observing, & ready to enquire. —
Someone cried out "three Cheers for Clay." The air resounded
with the outpourings of 500 pair of strong lungs — in three
hearty cheers — A call was made for three cheers for Polk -
& the feeblest wail of some twenty or thirty voices were heard,
in modest, subdued & conquered strains - & they were in literal
truth a majority of them - boys who had with equal zeal joined
for Clay. —
Poor Tyler is dead - He feels so. — They have stolen his
theme. — It reminds me of a drunken story of the noted John
Holmes of Maine, who with inimitable burlesque once told in
the Senate, of a fight between two beggar boys, at the head of
the avenue, whose strife grew out of one having stolen the
pathetic tale of the other, to get coppers. —
I was the first to tell Benton of the late Atto : Gen : Butler^^^
having withdrawn V. Buren & enquired if he had expected
such a result. He answered no he had not supposed they were
is'^On June 8 the Senate voted 16 to 35 against the treaty. Niles' Register, LXVI, 241.
i^He probably refers to John W. Jones, Congressman from Virginia, who at this time was
serving as Speaker of the House of Representatives.
i^iln the Democratic Convention at Baltimore after Van Buren failed to obtain the two-thirds
majority and it became evident that he could not win, Benjamin F. Butler, Van Buren's manager
from New York, withdrew his candidate's name. This brought harmony to the convention and the
nomination of Polk. Wiltse, Calhoun: Sectionalist, 180; Niles' Register, LVI, 218.
The Mangum Papers 129
so d - d fools as to have done so. With great excitement, he
said, they had nothing to do, but to die for their principles &
he repeated, with encreased & encreasing excitement. They
are, as the printers say, all in pi. — I hope Graham goes on
well — Haughton of Chatham writes me that he made a master-
ly speech at Pittsboro & with fine effect, & expressed the opinion
that he wd. have a majority of at least 15,000 Votes. —
He must go to every County in the Mountain region. —
I regretted to hear that Willie had the meazles — I hope you
are all well —
Affectionately Yrs.
Willie P. Mangum
To P. H. Mangum esqr.
WPM-LC
William S. Ransom^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Warrenton June 1st. 1844
Dear Sir
I understand that each State is entitled to two Cadets at
West Point besides one from each District and that this is about
the time their appointment is made and that the Senators are
advised with in making the selection. If I have been correctly
informed I must beg you to interfere in behalf of Robert Ran-
som Jr.^^^ and endeavour to get Mr. Haywood to co-operate
with you — he is well acquainted with my brother and his cir-
cumstances— has always been friendly, though never intimate,
with my family and I have no reason to believe he would not
aid in placing a promising young man in a situation to become
useful and honorable to himself - his family and Country —
Mr. Geo. Hawkins's time will expire this month and my brother
and self more than a year ago sought through Mr. DanieP^*
and others to procure a Warrant from the War Department for
Robert and were not much disappointed when D. recommended
the son of a wealthy Loco, for both of us had openly opposed
his election. Robert is now sixteen years old and as perfect in
person as any one of his age I ever saw — He is prepared to join
the Sophimore Class at Chapel Hill, but his father is unable
i92See above, II, 394, 501; III, 241-244.
^^^The future Confederate general.
i»4John R. J. Daniel.
130 State Department of Archives and History
to send him there. His brother is there through the liberality of
his Society and receives the first distinction separate — Robert
is equally as smart & I doubt not w^ould be distinguished at any
institution of the sort for good scholarship - application &
gentlemanly demeanor. — If you should from this statement
of facts find it convenient to your feelings to interest yourself
in this matter you will greatly oblige Robert — ^brother and
myself — If it v^ill not be imposing too much labor and trouble
you will confer a favor by giving us some early information
on this subject.
You of course take great interest in our little political op-
erations here and doubtless are desirous that that the Whig
majority in N. C. should be larger than ever, therefore it is that
I will inform you that in ten days Delegates from the Counties
of this District meet in Louisburg to appoint an Elector — I
shall go as one from this County and will be at a loss who to
select — Manly - Moore & Joyner^^^ are all candidates in their
respective counties, and no other political aspiration - no pro-
fessional engagement should be an obstacle to our Elector —
His time should be devoted to the acquisition of such knowledge
as will be necessary to use not only in advocating our principles
but in refuting such falsehoods as Kendall will be sure to scat-
ter through the land — His principles must not only be ortho-
dox but he must have ability to expound and zeal to enforce
them — The loss of time nor of money should be of no considera-
tion— Hence I have thought our Country-man Geo : E. SpruilP^^
not an unsuitable man. What think you of him? I trust we
shall all be of one opinion when we meet. If the Whigs here will
only hold together a little while longer we can carry the Dis-
trict. Even in this County we are gaining slowly — Nash or
any such man can defeat Daniel next year, but I fear his party
will never run him again.
With sentiments of unaltered friendship I remain
Most Respectfully yrs &c
Wm S Ransom
[Addressed : ] To
The Hon: Willie P Mangum
Washington City
"BHe possibly refers to Charles Manly, Bartholomew F. Moore, and Andrew J. Joyner. No one
of these was selected.
i9«See above, I, 217.
The Mangum Papers 131
WPM-LC
J. R. Lamhdin to Willie P. Mangum.
Phila June 6th 1844
Dear Sir
I have this day drawn on you in favr. of A. B. Enystron - [not
legible] at 5 days sight for Sixty five dollars, the amount of
balance due on a/c of the Portrait: -^^^ and hope that it may
suit your convenience to meet the draft at maturity. I have
written to Mr. Cranch ( artist )^^^ requesting that he will var-
nish the portrait before it is sent to North Carolina; and enclose
the letter with the request that you may give it the proper di-
rection on its arrival in Washington. —
Our Whig friends are in high spirits. - I have just heard
from the western part of the State and they are there verry
confident of carrying this State by 20,000 majority. —
With sincere regard
I am truly yours
J R Lambdin
To
Honble W P Mangum
Washington
D. C.
[Addressed:]
Honble W P Mangum
Washington
D. C.
i^This portrait is reproduced on the frontispiece of Volume II of this publication.
losjie probably refers to Christopher P. Cranch, 1813-1892, son of the jurist William Cranch.
Young Cranch attended Columbian College in Washington, entered the ministry, and became a suc-
cessful Unitarian minister in Boston. Then he turned to art and lived in Washington until his mar-
riage in 1843 when he moved to New York. On three separate occasions he studied in Europe.
Although not a great artist, he became a person who mingled with the intellectuals at Harvard and
who was constantly preaching the "gospel of beauty." D. A. B., IV, 501-502.
132 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Willis HalV'^ to Willie P. Mangum^^'^
Albany June 7"^ 1844.
My Dear Mangum
As chairman of the executive committee of the Clay Club
of this county I earnestly request your attendance at a meeting
of that club to be held a week from next Thursday — You have
numerous friends and admirers here to whom you are personal-
ly unknown, and who will be delighted with an opportunity of
meeting you face to face —
I take for granted that Congress will adjourn on Monday the
17*^' inst. which will give you an opportunity of reaching here
by a regular conveyance by Thursday afternoon This meeting
is intended to be the first of a series of meetings, which it is
hoped will be continued weekly until the election- This is a
very central point- a thorough fare where our rail road and
canal terminates, and steam boats leave for New York two or
three times a day and loco motives for Boston as often.- Many
strangers are here constantly- A good fire kindled and kept up
here will at least warm our own State- You will pardon me
that I am thus importunate, with you not to refuse- when you
consider the importance to us of having a full attendance at our
first meeting-
We shall certainly have a very hard fight in this State- But
if our friends from abroad will lend us their helping hand we
shall certainly beat them-
I have the honor to be
with the highest respect and regard
Your friend & servant
Willis Hall
Hon. W. P. Mangum )
)
President of the Senate )
P. S. Should you find Thursday inconveniently early the meet-
ing may be called for any later day that will suit your con-
venience-
"9See above, III, 282n.
^^^in the campaign of 1844, Mangum received many invitations to Whig rallies. These invitations
are in the Mangum Papers, but to conserve space I am omitting most of them. I am making reference
in the front of this volume to those omitted. I am, however, including enough to show the geo-
graphical distribution of the invitations.
The Mangum Papers 133
WPM-LC
Circular letter of Augustus Reese
and others to Willie P. Mangum.
Madison, [Ga.,] 7th June, 1844.
Dear Sir:
The Whigs of Georgia contemplate holding a STATE MASS
CONVENTION at this place on Wednesday, the 21st day of July
next, and have delegated to the undersigned Committee the
pleasing duty of inviting some of the distinguished Whigs
of the Union to meet and hold counsel with us upon that occa-
sion. In the performance of this pleasing duty, the undersigned
most respectfully solicit you to accept the invitation hereby ex-
tended in behalf of the Whigs of Georgia, to be with them in
their Convention.
The restoration of our Government to the healthy and bene-
ficient action in which it left the hands of its founders, is an
object devoutly to be desired by every Patriot; and, as Georgia
was one of the first States of the Union that checked the mis-
chievous spirit which was defeating the hopes inspired by our
triumph of 1840, she appeals to you, Sir, to aid her, by your
presence and your counsel, to sustain her position in the com-
ing contest.
We have the honor to be.
Very Respectfully,
Your Obedient Servants,
Augustus Reese,
Elijah E. Jones,
Charles Whiting,
Ernest L. Wittich,
C. R. Hauleiter,
Hon. W. P. Mangum,
Raleigh,
N. C.
[Addressed : ] Hon. Wiley P. Mangum
Red Mountain, North- -Carolina.
Committee
of
Invitation
134 State Department of Archives and History
Henry Clay to Willie P. Mangum,^^^
Ashland, June 7, 1844
My Dear Sir,
I take the liberty of troubling you herewith, with a pack-
age containing my speech, delivered at Raleigh in April last.
You will oblige me very much if you will have it put under
another cover if necessary, give it your frank, and transmit it
to its address without delay.
Are our Democratic friends serious in the nominations
which they have made at Baltimore of candidates for President,
and Vice President ?2^2 I have supposed that their object was
to get rid of the Convention, and ultimately to get rid of Mr.
Polk, and bring out Mr. Van Buren, or retaining Mr. Polk as
the candidate for the South West, to bring Mr. Van Buren out
in some form, as the candidate for the North. In that way they
might calculate to be able to throw upon Mr. Polk all the
Democratic votes for Texas, and upon Mr. Van Buren all the
Democratic votes against Texas. But nous verrons. It is of very
little consequence to us what their real designs may be; for no
matter how many candidates or who they bring out, we must
beat them with ease if we do one half of our duty.
Your friend truly and faithfully,
(Signed) H. Clay
The Hon^i^ W. P. Mangum
WPM-LC
Printed Circular from Vandalia Committee
to Willie P. Mangum,.
Vandalia, Illinois, June 8th. 1844.
Hon Sir
The Whigs of Illinois, having resolved to assemble en masse
at this place, on the 17th proximo, we have the honor to solicit
a visit from you, on that occasion. Your well known and pa-
^^The original is in the possession of Miss Anne L. Turner and Mrs. John A. Livingston,
Raleigh, N. C.
^^At the time of Polk's nomination, many Whigs, including Clay and Mangum, underestimated
Polk's popular appeal. Crittenden, however, appreciating the appeal of the Democratic platform,
wrote Clay on June 17, " we have a great battle to fight. " Van Deusen, Life of Clay, ^61.
The Mangum Papers 135
triotic devotion to those cardinal principles, on which the fu-
ture prosperity of our country, and the permanency of our in-
stitutions depend, causes us to believe that your presence
would cheer up the so "oft defeated but never conquered"
Whigs of Illinois, and add even greater intensity to the en-
thusiasm which now fires the bosom of every true friend of
[the] Union and of the Great Statesman of the West - Henry
Clay.
We have the honor to be,
Yours &c.
Q. C. Alexander,
F. Remann,
Lemuel Lee,
Wm. M. Black,
C. H. Hodge,
Committee of Invitation.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P Mangum M. C.
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
William Stevens to Willie P, Mangum.
Burnet, Vt.
[June 10, 1844]
Dear Sir In perusing different publications respecting the
annexation of texas I have concluded to present for investiga-
tion my views in some respects according to the information
collected. Mexico it appears are the rightful owners of the ter-
ritory of Texas except that part which has heretofore been dis-
posed of by them, and much of it no doubt [under] orthority
to obtain settlers to form a colony, the latter becoming dis-
affected revolted and declared themselves independent and have
thus far sustained it, but until reconciliation between the
former and the latter should be concluded and ratified by the
136 State Department of Archives and History
former under an agreement in writing and ceded to the latter
they have no just claim to the remainder of the territory, as all
title comes from a v^ell organized and a regular instituted Gov-
ernment, and it appears that the Texas territory has heretofore
been ceded by such a Government, or Governments. There-
fore the present system by Tyler cannot be recommended for
reasons, first, it sets the example of force v^hich is not of a moral
principle, Second, it leaves an open space for revolt and estab-
lishes the principles of Aristocracy, Furthermore the Acknowl-
edgement of Texas independence by the United States Govern-
ment or any other power gives them no title. Accept by
Mexico whome & reasonable compensation should be granted
if required and paid by the Texas Government or the United
States as the agreement may be at or after annexation. Such a
system in my view would do honor to this Republic and set an
example to posterity on whose heads may the honor and
glory ever rest who follows its precepts. My request is after the
above has been investigated by the Senate, the same may be
done by the house of Representatives, and then to be left with
the Secretary of State to remain in that department.
Yours respectfully
William Stevens
[Addressed:] To the President of the Senate
In Congress
Washington City
District of Columbia.
WPM-LC
James W. Pegram & others to Willie P. Mangum.
Richmond June 12 1844
Dear Sir
In behalf of the Central Clay Club of this City we are
charged with the agreeable duty of asking the favor of you to
visit this city and to address our club, after the adjournment
of Congress.
In view of the interesting character of the political contest
now at hand, we trust you will not allow any small amount of
The Mangum Papers 137
personal inconvenience to deprive the Whigs of this portion of
Virginia of the benefit of your valuable co-operation, to the ex-
tent now solicited.
Hoping you will permit us to report to our associates your
acceptance of our invitation, and the day on which we may ex-
pect your arrival, we assure you of the high respect with which
we are
Your obt. Servants,
James W. Pegram )
Th: Nelson ) Committee &c. &c.
A. Moseley )
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed:]
Honble. W. P. Mangum
Senate U. S.
Washington City.
WPM-D
W. iS. Archer to Willie P. Mangum.
[Possibly June 1844]
Dear Mangum
I am going to write to Gen. Pegram tonight, that I will ar-
rive in Richmond to dine with him on tuesday before which
day I cannot leave here. —
Shall I say, that I may bring you with me? He will have
Leigh and others of the best to meet us.
Truly
W. S. Archer.
Hon. Mr. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Mr. Mangum
Ind. Avenue.
138 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
R. B. Gilliam to Willie P. Mangum.
LouiSBURG, N. C. June 13. 1844
Hon W. P. Mangum,
Dear Sir,
Our friends have most unexpectedly nominated me as
presidential elector for this district. As reluctant as I am, on
several accounts, to engage again in active politicks, yet having
accepted the nomination I feel it to be my duty to prepare my-
self for the Campaign. If it v^ill not impose too much trouble
upon you, I will thank you to forward me a copious assortment
of such Documents as throw most light upon all the subjects of
difference between the two parties — The Speeches of Mr Phelps
and of others on the Tariff — of Mr Benton, Mr Choate, and Mr
Rives-^^ on the Texas treaty - and such others as you may rec-
ommend on other subjects, would be desirable.
Congressional documents in relation to these subjects, for
the sake of reference might be of service.
Any expense incurred will be promptly met by me upon
your return, which I presume will be in a few days.
Should I be in Oxford on your return it would give me very
sincere pleasure to see you at my house.
Mr Hoke has passed through this place, but has left no im-
pression.
I am with high respect
R. B. Gilliam
Louisburg N C
June 14 1844. Free
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington City.
^o^He refers to the speeches of Samuel S. Phelps, of Vermont, T. H. Benton, of Missouri, Rufus
Choate, of Massachusetts, and W. C. Rives, of Virginia.
The Mangum Papers 139
WPM-LC
B. B. Blume^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Memphis Tenn. June 15th. 1844.
Honl. W. P. Mangum
Dear Sir.
I arrived here safely & in due time — I found the Bar
greatly crowded - but think the number but a slight obstacle
to final success — Many inexperienced professional men "wend
their way to the western wilds" expecting a profession alone to
place them in prosperity — Hence there are but few men of busi-
ness - fewer perhaps than in the Courts in the "Old States" —
Much of the population, in this section of the State, are among
the finest specimens of the "American Planter" — The state of
agriculture is improving fast, & I have recently met with many
gentlemen who say that they are "settled for life" —
Could you furnish me with any thing calculated to do good
to the Whig cause, it might be well to send it to me — There is
no waveing in the ranks - & the State is certain — But this is a
great thorougfare & much good can be done here, which will
tell in other States — Politics do not belong to my trade - but
as I have leisure, I think it due to my country, to be doing a
part of the work before the people — The great importance of
this contest should awaken every friend to law & to the honor
of his country, to the use of all his powers — I write this, be-
cause the servant neglected, as I think, to place my former
letter in the office — Your obliged friend
B. B. Blume.
[Addressed:]
Honl. W. P. Mangum
Prest. U. S. Senate
Red Mountain
N. Ca.
2«*See above. I, 350n.
140 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
iS. A. WaZes^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Eatonton Georgia
29th June 1844
Hon Willie P. Mangum
Dear Sir
Will you permit a Stranger to occupy your attention for
a moment.
I am very anxious to hear from No. Carolina - as to the
probable vote of the State for President —
Will you do me the kindness to give me your opinion in re-
gard to it.
In this State w^e have just had a Convention to nominate
Electors — Delegates were in attendance from all parts of the
State. The prevailing opinion at the Convention was, that the
vote of Georgia would be given to Mr Clay, by a majority of
from 3 to 5000. The only difficulty we have, is the Texas ques-
tion—
Your reply if you favor me with one shall not be published
Very Resply Yr Obt Servt
S. A. Wales
[Addressed : ]
Honl. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain P. O.
Orange Co
No. Carolina.
WPM-LC
George S. Yerhy^"^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Eastville Northampton County
Virginia June 29th 1844.
Dear Sir
Although I am a stranger to you I know you very well po-
litically- I have long known you as a distinguished leader of
2"6Samuel A. Wales was the chairman of a general committee of Putnam County, in which
Eatonton is located. He endorsed Calhoun's position on slavery. He was also chairman of his
county's Whig Committee. Niles' Register, LXXII, 389; Boucher and Brooks (ed. ), "Correspondence
of Calhoun," A. H. A. Report of 1929, I. 382-383.
2<^Unable to identify.
The Mangum Papers 141
the Whig party & a zealous & able advocate of Whig principles
& warm personal & political friend of Mr. Clay's. Therefore it
is that I presume to write to you upon political Matters & I feel
very sure that you will pardon me for so doing. When I inform
you as I now do that I too am a Whig of many years growth &
that my object is simply to gain information respecting the
prospects of the Whig party & our distinguished candidate
Henry Clay, in different parts of the union, but specially in the
Old North State. For give me leave to tell you that the Locos
rely with seeming confidence on old Rip Van's Electorial Vote
for Polk & Dallas - but I fear every confidence that at this
time — He is wide awake & will go for old Harry Clay. As
Chairman of the committee of correspondence of our Clay
Club I am very desireous to gain all the information I can
from Various parts of the Union & I am quite sure that you can
form as correct an opinion as to the probable result of the pend-
ing contest as any other Gentleman of the Whig party
Was any answer ever more unexpected or wonderful than
the nomination of Polk & Dallas & to none I am sure, more so
than to the Nominees. One is constrained to enquire- What
Services has Mr. Polk at any time rendered the country to en-
title him to the highest honours in the gift of a free people? Of
what peculiar Qualifications & fitness for so responsible and so
important a Station can He boast? None that ever I have heard
of. I have never estimated the man any thing over & beyond
a good County Court Lawyer and a pretty fair Stump Speaker-
Be this just or otherwise- He cannot lay Claim to any thing
like Statesmanship-
I have also regard him as the tool & sycophant of Andrew
Jackson & Martin Van Buren and ready at all times to do their
bidding and I believe that he has justifyed every measure-
every corrupt act & every outrage - that so peculiarly dis-
tinguished & characterised Jackson & Van Burens administra-
tions & their party in & out of Congress. What possible chance
can such a man stand of being elected President of the U S -
Whose qualifications & Claims are so small if not contemptable?
Do you think it probable (I had like to have said possible)
that Ja« K Polk Esqr.- Who is Anti Tariff- Anti distribution-
Anti one term for the Presidency &.c. &c. Who is for Annexa-
tion- right or wrong- just or faithless to Mexico- Union or Dis-
solution of the States- War or no War- Who in fact seems to
142 State Department of Archives and History
be Anti every thing that will preserve the Honour of the Na-
tion & promote the interest of the people, v^ill defeat the elec-
tion of such-a man- such a Statesman & Patriot as Henry Clay-
A man who from his youth up has kept the Republican faith &
whose career has been Brilliant & Noble beyond any example
in Modern times — A man who has served his country- Long-
served it well & served it faithfully- Who has twice saved the
Union (which union I regret to see the Calhounites endeavour-
ing now destr[ucti]on) & if elected President will endeavour
I doubt, not to established permanently, sound Republican &
American principles & Measures. I think it is not probable from
the very bottom of my Heart I say God forbid that he should.
Although I fear he is a more formidable opponent than Mr. Van
Buren-Cass or Johnson would have been.
But to return to the object I had in writing this Letter which
is to ascertain your opinion & connection as to the final result
of this contest, & I will not trouble you farther with my own
speculation & feelings.
Will Polk & Dallas carry in November Next NORTH CARO-
LINA? For the sake of the country-answer No. & answer correct-
ly. Will they carry either- Georgia- Tennessee- Maryland- Indi-
ana- Ohio- New York or Pennsylvania. To cut the matter short-
What states will Polk & Dallas carry- What states will Clay &
Frelinghauysen carry & which states are doubtful? I greatly
fear we shall loose Virgina- in consequence of the Texas Ques-
tion- which is seized upon to Humbug the people- But our
Leading Whigs- Do not think so.
What effect will the Texas Question have upon the Presi-
dential election- in the South- North & West? But I have pun-
ished you quite enough. In conclusion- Let me entreat you to
exert all Your Great Powers & influence to secure Mr. Clay's
Election. I am my Dear Sir
Yr. Obt. Servt.
George S. Yerby
[Addressed : ]
Hon.^ W. P. Mangum
United States Senator
Red Mountain
North Carolina
The Mangum Papers 143
WPM-LC
QUESTIONS ASKED OF THE CANDIDATES
AT ANDERSON COURT HOUSE, ON SALE DAY IN JUNE.^'^'
[July, 1844]
RESOLVED, THAT IN THE OPINION OF THIS MEETING
THE QUESTION OF THE ANNEXATION OF TEXAS, IS ONE
of paramount importance at this time; we hereby call on the
several candidates for Congress and the Legislature in this
district to make known through the public prints, whether they
are for or against immediate annexation, and whether they will
support for the presidency, HENRY CLAY, MARTIN VAN
BUREN, or any other man, opposed to the immediate annexa-
tion of Texas.
(We have not the resolutions passed at Pickens at hand, but
they are of the same purport.)
QUESTIONS ASKED OF THE CANDIDATES FOR THE LEGIS-
LATURE, through the Anderson Gazzette, by "Many Voters."
Mr. Editor - To those candidates for the Legislature who
have responded to certain inquiries heretofore addressed to
them by a portion of their fellow citizens, and to others who
may be disposed to answer, we beg leave to propound a few
additional interrogatories, touching Federal and State policy.
1st. Do you or not, concur in the resolution adopted at a
public meeting of the citizens of Beaufort District, in this State,
& openly approved of in other quarters declaring that they will
"dissolve this Union sooner than abandon Texas?"^^^
2nd. Do you or not, approve of the proposition made at pub-
lic meetings in several of the middle Districts of this State, to
hold a State Convention in Columbia for the purpose of effect-
ing an organized resistance to the laws of the United States
or the proposition to hold a Southern Convention at Nashville,
Tennessee, to devise means for the immediate annexation of
Texas to the Union; or to dissolve the Union and annex it to
the Southern States?
^^This is a printed circular of the questions asked at Anderson, South Carolina.
^^In South Carolina talk of secession grew after the tariff was raised in 1842. Cotton prices
went down to 6.2 cents. An effort to lower the tariff in 1843-1844 failed. In June the Texas
treaty was defeated. All of these events caused grave concern. Rhett, Hammond and Holmes began
playing on the prejudices of their people. They called for a Southern Convention. George McDuffie,
in a speech in Richmond, denied that his state had any intention to secede but opposed the tariff in
such strong terms that many considered it a call for nullification. Calhoun was alarmed for fear that
the hotheads would defeat Polk and annexation. He, therefore, got Polk's promise to lower the
tariff and began undermining Rhett and his Bluffton movement. These questions and answers are
a part of this secession fight in the summer of 1844. Wiltse, Calhoun: Sectionalist. 187-190.
144 State Department of Archives and History
3rd. Do you or not, concur with Mr. McDuffie in believing
the State of South Carolina possesses the power, and should
exercise it, of laying a Tariff on all domestic manufactured
goods, imported into this State from our sister states?
4th. Do you or not, approve of the course of the Democratic
majority in Congress in admitting members to seats who were
elected by general ticket, contrary to a law of the United States,
remaining on the Statute Book, requiring them to be elected
by Districts?
5th. Are you or not, in favor of so altering the law so as to
give the election of Presidential electors to the people?
6th. Are you or not, in favor of increasing the jurisdiction
of the Ordinary in matters of real estate. If yea, to what ex-
tent?
7th. Are you or not, in favor of dividing the election Dis-
trict of Pendleton, in whole if possible, and if not, as to Repre-
sentatives only?
8th Do you or not, approve of the amendment to the con-
stitution passed by the last legislature and to be confirmed by
the ensuing one limiting the term of the Judges to sixty-five
years of age?
9th. Are you or not, in favor of curtailing expenditures, by
abolishing the offices of Superintendant of public works, and
Ad j ut ant-General ?
Believing it to be the duty of every aspirant to political pre-
ferment to answer any question, touching public matters if
asked byt single individual, a full and explicit answer to the
above interrogatories is expected and requested from each candi-
date for the legislature by
MANY VOTERS.
TO THE VOTERS OF PENDLETON DISTRICT.
Fellow-Citizens: - The Undersigned candidates for your suf-
frages at the approaching election for the Legislature, having
compared notes, and finding that they fully concur in opinion in
order that their views may be more generally known, take this
method of responding to certain inquiries addressed to them by
meetings held at Anderson and Pickens, on sale day in June,
The Mangum Papers 145
and certain others asked by ''Many Voters," through the columns
of the "Anderson Gazette," of the 28th ult.; copies of each of
which are appended above.
We answer, 1st. That we are in favor of the annexation
of Texas to the American Union, as a matter of great national
importance, as soon as it can possibly be done consistently with
the honor and interest of the country.
2d. Regarding all the candidates for the Presidency as in
favor of annexation, and only differing as to the proper time
and mode, we do not hestitate to say, that we will vote for no
man for the Presidency who is opposed to the annexation of
Texas to the Union; but it is due that we should say in this
connection, that we will under no circumstances, vote for
James K. Polk, having no confidence in him, and regarding him
as wholly unworthy of the trust in every point of view. His
name has hitherto remained unknown to fame - he has made no
sacrifice - performed no service for his country, to entitle him
to so distinguished a position. Most of the little character he
acquired during his short career in Congress, was by his ad-
vocacy of measures deadly hostile to South Carolina, and de-
structive to the dearest interests of the Southern States. He has
originated no great measures for the benefit of his country, nor
has he evinced his adherence to any other political principles
than his party leaders, for the time being, have seen fit to dic-
tate to him. He is destitute of the commanding talent - the
stern political integrity - the high moral firmness, and the broad
and enlightened patriotism that it is absolutely essential the
Chief Magistrate of the Union should possess at this crisis; and
having been twice rejected for the office of Governor in his own
State - having no hold upon the confidence or affections of his
countrymen at home, and no talent to command respect for us
abroad he is not the man for the times or for the Union, and we
at least, are unwilling [to entrust] him with the chief command
of our Army and Navy.
If the Presidential election were to turn on the annexation
of Texas, as an abstract proposition, losing sight of everything
else, then should we be in favor of the election of John Tyler
as the author of the present effort at annexation; but if it
should turn (as it unquestionably will) upon other matters,
in connection with the Texas question - if to select a man for
President who has served his country long and faithfully - one
146 State Department of Archives and History
whose genius has entered into the very spirit of our institu-
tions - whose great talents and commanding eloquence has
eclipsed his contemporaries of the same time, and reflected
honor upon his country for near half a century - one who en-
joys the confidence and affections of his countrymen in an ex-
traordinary degree - who, in the language of the Charleston
Mercury, in 1837, "is a bold, brave, high-minded, honorable
man." If to get a man for the times, and for the Union - one
who would restore peace and good will at home, and command
respect for us abroad - a republican of the old school, and a
patriot and philanthropist in the broadest sense of the terms -
one who has the nerve and ability to allay sectional prejudice
and political strife, and preserve our glorious Union, with all
its blessings of civil and religious liberty; and who, by noble
deeds, has earned the Presidential office, (without approving
all his political principles,) be objects worthy of our approba-
tion, then we are in favor of HENRY CLAY, as possessing all
these in an eminent degree.
In answer to the inquiries propounded through the "Ander-
son Gazette," by "Many Voters," we reply:
1st. We do not concur in the resolution adopted at a meet-
ing of the citizens, of Beaufort District, in this State, and ap-
proved elsewhere. However we may be in favor of the annexa-
tion of Texas, we are not willing to dissolve this Union to ob-
tain it.
The preservation of the Union of these States is an object
near our hearts, believing that upon its perpetuity depends the
last hope of freedom throughout the world. We would rather,
in the language of the immortal Jefferson, in the Declaration
of American Independence, " suffer whilst evils are sufferable,"
than dissolve the Union cemented by the blood of our fathers.
2nd. We do not concur in the proposition to hold a State
Convention in Columbia, for the purpose of resisting the laws
of the United States; (or, as we understand it, to Nullify the
Tariff;) nor in the proposition to hold a Southern Convention
at Nashville, Tennesee, in reference to the annexation of Texas.
We do not think our grievances sufficient to justify the one,
or that the other would have the slightest influence in effecting
the object desired - but would rather operate as a fire-brand
whose ultimate effect would be to dissolve this Union.
The Mangum Papers 147
3d. We do not concur with McDuffie in believing that a
State of this Union possesses the power to lay a Tariff on the
importation of domestic manufactures, or that it would be ex-
pedient to exercise it, if we did possess the constitutional power.
4th. We do not approve of the course of the Democratic ma-
jority in Congress in admitting members to seats who were
elected by general ticket, in direct violation of the law of the
land, nor do we approve of their course in expunging from the
journals the patriotic protest of the Whigs made upon that oc-
casion. We regard their conduct as in a high degree disor-
ganizing and revolutionary - setting the laws of their country
at defiance - trampling the Constitution under foot, and lead-
ing directly to anarchy and despotism.
5th. We are in favor of so altering the law as to give the
election of Presidential electors to the people, as being decided-
ly more democratic, and in accordance with the spirit of our
institutions. In a Government like ours all power is vested in
the people and should, in all cases, emanate directly from them.
6th. We are in favor of increasing the jurisdiction of the
Ordinary in matters of real estate, to any extent the representa-
tives of the people may in their wisdom think proper, as being a
great saving to every class of our citizens, and desirable in
every point of view.
7.th. We are in favor of dividing the [election distri]ct of
Pendleton in whole, or as to representatives [only, for we]
would rather have "half a loaf than no bread."
8th. We do approve of the amendment to the Constitution
limiting the tenure of the Judges to sixty-five years of age, as
being a means of securing to us at all times more active and
efficient officers.
9th. We are in favor of abolishing the office of Superintend-
ant of Public Works, and of retrenching public expenditures in
every practical way. The office of Adjutant-General, we are dis-
posed to think, might be dispensed with by requiring the more
faithful discharge of their duties, and increasing those duties
to some extent, of Division and Brigade field-officers.
We have thus, fellow citizens, in the discharge of what we
considered our bounden duty to you as candidates for your suf-
frages, answered fully and frankly the various questions you
have been pleased to propound to us, with others; and pledge
ourselves, if honored by you with seats in the Legislature to
148 State Department of Archives and History
carry out, as far as may be in our power, the various reforms
in the laws of the State suggested by your interrogatories, and
approved by us; having an eye singly directed, at all times, to
the honor and interest of our common country.
We have the honor to remain,
Most respectfully, your fellow-citizens,
J. P. Reed,
J. E. Calhoun,
a. w. holcomb,
Chester Kingsley,
J. Overton Lewis,
Samuel Milwee,
W. G. Speed.
July, 1844.
WPM-LC
Robert B. Gilliam to Willie P. Mangum.
Oxford July 1st. 1844.
My dear Sir,
Your political frends are exceedingly anxious that you
should attend a Barbecue to be given at Brassfield's in this
County, on Saturday the 6th inst. — Permit me to say, that your
presence on that occasion would exert a very decided influence
upon publick opinion in that section.
The democratick party have been making heavy demonstra-
tions upon this County, with a view as well to carry the County
election, as to operate upon the presidential contest. At a rec-
ent meeting at Brassfields, they were represented by two ora-
tors, one domestic, the other imported. I was not present, but
I understand, one of them relied greatly upon your authority to
prejudice the people against Whig measures, and the Whig
Candidate for the Presidency. I shall attend myself and take
such part in the discussions, as the State of my health will en-
able me to bear without too much hazard; but my presence will
be a matter of the least possible importance, if we shall be so
fortunate to have your co-operation. Before making the re-
quest I have well considered the distinguished position occupied
The Mangum Papers 149
by you in the councils of the Country, and I cannot perceive in
that circumstance, any thing to prevent you from giving your
influence and talents to the advancement of the great cause of
which you are one of the acknowledged leaders.
If it could be understood immediately that you will attend
the barbecue, it would insure the attendance of an immense con-
course of people.
I am with high respect
RoBT. B. Gilliam
N. B. Brassfields is in the Southern part of the Country near
Wilton (Carters). If you could be at Wilton the evening of the
5th, I will endeavour to meet you there. R. B. G.
We have understood that you will be expected to attend a
meeting of the Clay Club at Forsyth's on the same day.
If we had been aware of it, we could have made a different
arrangement - but now it is too late. The Clay Club can very
conveniently postpone its meeting to a subsequent day — The
barbecue cannot be postponed. I would most earnestly request
that you will not permit any consideration to interfere with
your attendance at Brassfields. It is a matter of the last import-
ance.
Yours truly
R B G
[Addressed : ]
Hon: Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co.
N. C.
WPM-LC
John Cameron to Willie P. Mangum.
July 1st. 1844
Hon. Wiley P. Mangum
Dear Sir
I have been requested by Messrs Gilliam, Little John &
others of our mutual friends in this place to earnestly request,
150 State Department of Archives and History
that you will consent to meet them at a Barbecue to be given at
Brassfields on Saturday next. We are already aware that you
have given your consent to attend on that day at Samuel For-
syth's, but trust that the urgency of the case will be deemed a
sufficient excuse for your altering that arrangement. At the
Barbecue given by our opponents at Brassfields on thursday
last, the time was entirely occupied by Messrs, McRea & Ven-
able^"^ to the entire exclusion of the Whigs who v\^ere present
as invited Guests. This course of the other party induced our
friends here to make arrangements for a similar entertainment,
to be free for all parties & numerous invitations have been sent
out to their leading men requesting them to attend & take it
turn & turn about. I am further requested to say that this is the
only real debateahle ground in the County. What Gilliam calls
the Flanders of Granville, that the other party will doubtless
be there in force & that if you ever wished to strike a good blow
for the Whig cause this now is the time, & this the place. Gil-
liam says that if you will come to this place on Friday that he
will take you over on Saturday morning in his carriage or that
if you prefer he will meet you on Friday evening at Carters.
With sentiments of the highest esteem & regard I remain
Yrs. truly
Jno. Cameron
[Addressed : ]
Hon: Wilie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co
No. Ca.
WPM-LC
Richard Hines to [Willie P. Mangum]
Raleigh 4th. July 1844
My dear Sir,
You will see from the last Whig papers in this place that we
have appointed Whig mass meetings to be held at Wadesborough
on Thursday the 18th. inst and at Statesville on the 25*^. both
*°»He probably refers to Ehincan McRae, of Cumberland, and Abraham W. Venable, of Granville.
The Mangum Papers 151
of which we are extremely anxious you should attend. Here
we have but one opinion that no other man in the State can
produce the same effect by his presence and speech as yourself
we are therefore the more anxious for you to attend the above
meetings and as many others as your convienience will admit-
Our friends here are all willing to do and doing all in their
power except Mr. Badger who seams to take a very deep in-
terest in the canvass but as far as I am informed has as yet
contributed in no way to its success- Do you think it would be
desirable for him to be active in the campaign except with his
pen? We yesterday raised a subscription to have ten thousand
copies of Mr. Clay's speech at this place published which we
hope will have a beneficial effect.
The Loco's are exerting themselves to the uttermost to carry
this state if possible and seam certain of reducing Mr. Graham's
majority to a very small one if he is elected. Whilst the Whigs
in all parts of the State except Bertie and Beaufort are not as
active as they ought to be- Mr. Barringer informs us there is
much luke warmness in his neighbourhood but he promised to
do his best to arouse them as does Mr. Clingman CaldwelP^*^ &c.
Rely upon it if we are not up and adoing we shall be hard
pressed both to elect the Gov: & Legislatures-
Saunders was met by Stanly at Greenville as we are in-
formed greatly to the advantage of the Whigs. He failed to
meet his appointment at Beaufort and Williamston, Cherry and
Stanly^^^ attending and addressing the different meetings. He
attended at Windsor where we are informed he was trium-
phantly met by Cherry who promised accompany him to the
rest of his appointments.
Rumour which we credit says that Henry Haywood and
Saunders^^^ are to canvass the whole Western part of the State.
They have all certainly promised to attend the mass meeting at
Charlott as well as McDuffie and Calhoun- If you could hap-
pen there at the time it would impose great restraint upon
them-
We find it impossable to arouse our papers here but Loring
promises to run the whole set up Salt River and being very
angry will no doubt do his best, Hale is also doing his best-
By appointment all the candidates for this county were to
^i^homas L. Clingman and Tod R. Caldwell.
2iiEdward Stanly and W. W. Cherry.
2iJ2Louis D. Henry, Will. H. Haywood, Jr., and R. M. Saunders.
152 State Department of Archives and History
meet here last Saturday and all attended except Thompson.^^'^
Manly made one of the most affective Electioneering speeches
I ever heard both the matter and manner was first rate. Miller
made a first rate speech in reply to Wilder^^* but a little too
spicy he has fine abilities but is rather servere- We calculate
with much confidence on electing part of our ticket, and hope
to elect Manly Miller & Hinton^^^ but probably shall not get
more than one or two. our prospects are certainly improving
at present.
The Whigs have given Hoke^^^ too much credit as a gentle-
man of liberality entitled to all kindness &c. He is as great a
demagogue as the state contains and has made the most of
every kindness extended to him by the Whigs. As for instance
when he has not been answered he and his friends say it was
because he was an over match for the Whigs and they afraid
&c.
He ought to be met at every cross roads and receive no quar-
ters as he gives none — Rely upon it he is playing his cards great-
ly to our injury at present, and some of our friends begin to des-
pair of Graham's election but I can but think they are alarmed
without cause.
The declining health of eldest daughter compels me to leave
in a few days for Old point Comfort to try the benefit of sea
Bathing and I may be compelled to be absent much of the sum-
mer- In my absence Gov: Morehead will act as Chairman of the
central committee. How would it do for the Gov: to attend the
mass meeting in the Western part of the State. I shall certainly
return to the election. If you have any acquaintances at Old
Point you would much oblige me by inclosing me a letter to
them, as I have no acquaintance there nor none of my friends
here.
I have the Honor to be with
sentiments of great Respect
Very sincerely & truly yours
Richd: Hines
^"George W. Thompson was in the legislature in 1844-1849. N, C. Manual, 831.
2i*Gaston H. Wilder was in the legislature from 1842 to 1847 and 1852 to 1857. N. C
Manual, 831.
2i6He refers to Charles Manly, Henry W. Miller, and C. L. Hinton.
^"'Michael Hoke, the Democratic candidate for governor, was defeated by W. A. Graham.
The Mangum Papers 153
WPM-LC
Jonathan Worth^^'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
AsHEBORo' July 8th 1844
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Dr Sir
We have learned within a day or two past that Judge
Saunders is to address us on the 16th Inst, being Tuesday of an
extra Term of the Supr. Court- No electoral Candidate has as
yet been appointed in this district and in looking round for a
proper person to reply to him, it turns out to be the universal
wish of all us that you should be the man. As he is a member
of Congress, well versed in the political questions of the day
and has thought proper to publish appointments and travel out
of his own County and district to make Texas speeches, we see
no impropriety in your meeting him. Great apathy prevails
among the Whigs of this County- and we are apprehensive that
we shall not be able to get them to the polls in August- If you
should see in it no impropriety and should find it convenient to
reply to the general here, we think it would do much to re-
animate our party There is no defection from the Whig ranks
here- our danger is merely that Mr Graham will not get the
full Whig vote, by a failure of the voters to go to the polls-
A Clay Club was held here to-day and it is at the request
of all the Whigs present that I make this invitation- It is not in
consequence of any public resolve in the meeting but at the in-
dividual request of the Whigs present —
Yours with great respect
Jonathan Worth.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Wile P. Mangum
Red Mountain N. C.
ai7For a sketch of Jonathan Worth see J. G. de R. Hamihon (ed.). The Correspondence of
Jonathan Worth, Raleigh, 1909, I. v-xiii. and D. A. B., XX, 536.
154 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
S. Starkweather^ ^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
N. York 9 July 1844
Dr Sir
I have just completed my pressing business w^hich had ac-
cumulated, in my absence, and gave w^ay last evening to the
pressing invitation of my friends to appear before our citizens —
It was hard work & I admit I came to scratch with reluctance
But the worst is over and day after to morrow I leave for the
interior. My work is laid out & I hope to perform it with success,
no exertion shall be wanting on my part There is great excite-
ment throughout the State. The Whig party were never so united.
One heart seems to be with them all — The ability of the locos
to lie is making Polk a harder candidate for us than Mr V B
would have been They swear he is Tariff, to the huh, & every
thing else which he is not but should be. I am anxious to hear
from the south & see that you are moveing I think we shall lose
Virginia but if it is by a small majority it will do no harm.
But if contrary to expectation we carry it, and you carry the
old north State likewise we may give her the next president
But I have little or no hopes of your State, or that you will make
a decent fight you know Senator some gentlemen are great on
paper, some in the parlor but in the field, why they leave that
to others. I do not intend to give up, however, but hope you
may do better than my forebodings warrant. We shall carry
this state hut have to fight every inch of the ground & intend to
do so. I will write you from the interior by & by & tell you to a
dot where we are. Wishing you all prosperity,
I am truly yours
S. Starkweather.
[Addressed : ]
Hon Willie P Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co.
N Carolina.
2i8See above, III, 316-318, 479-481.
Courtesy of Frick Art Reference Library
Mordecai Manuel Noah, 1785-1851. From the oil portrait by J. W. Jarvis in the
Shearith Isreal Synagogue Collection, New York City.
The Mangum Papers 155
WPM-LC
John M. Morehead to Willie P. Mangum.
Raleigh 10th July 1844.
Honl.
Willie P. Mangum
Dear Sir
A mass-meeting of the Whigs is appointed to take
place on the 18th. Int. at Wadesboro — & another on the 25th at
Statesville —
It is very desirable that some speaker from a distance should
attend these meetings to rouse up our friends — ^which I assure
you, is very much needed.
And no person of my acquaintance can do this more effec-
tively than yourself. The week between the 18th & 25th you can
visit Charlotte & be present at least, which I have no doubt will
have some tendency to keep the Democracy who hold a mass-
meeting on 23rd in check. It is probable there will be other
meetings that you may attend.
Most extraordinary efforts are making to carry the elections
of this State - Haywood receives whole bags of documents by the
mails & the press here is engaged striking off tracts, & they are
sending them off by the small waggon loads - to different parts
of the State — While the Whigs seem to think the opposition not
very serious & are not so zealous as they should be. I know of
no person likely to go to these meetings from this quarter, un-
less you do so —
I think a meeting would do much good about Pattersons
Store in the neighborhood of John Long's about the 29th or 30th
July — If you think so get it up- Randolph, Chatham & Guil-
ford, would attend — Let me hear from you —
Yrs. Sincerely
J. M. Morehead
[Addressed:] Honl Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange
N. C.
156 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
John Kerr^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Raleigh July 12th 1844
Dear Sir.
A few days since I had a public political discussion with Genl
R M Saunders, at Williamsboro' in Granville. — In the course of
that discussion, Genl Saunders used substantially the following
language in regard to yourself when speaking of the action of
the Senate upon the treaty recently negotiated by Mr. Whea-
ton. —
"I affirm" said he, - "that in regard to this treaty, Wilie P
Mangum betrayed the interest of North Carolina, and William H
Haywood supported that interest, and if Wilie P Mangum has
friends here I desire that they will inform him of what I now
say. I expected when I came here to have met him — "^^^
I feel it my duty to make to you this Communication, that
you may take such course in regard to the subject of it, as you
deem best.- Allow me to add, that I think you owe it to your-
self no less than to the Whig Party, to give us the benefit of your
able service in public discussions during the pending presidential
canvass —
You may not be aware of what I know to be the fact - that
you are the object of the bitter and unrelenting hostility, of the
leaders of Loco focoism, in North Carolina and they let no op-
portunity of inflicting an injury upon you pass without improve-
ment—
I trust you will not deem me officious in addressing you this
letter,- The regard I entertain for you, both personally, and as
2i9john Kerr, 1811-1879, the son of a Congressman by the same name, practiced law at Yancey-
ville until he entered Congress in 1853. He was a Whig, a trustee of Wake Forest College and the
state university. Later he was judge of the superior and supreme courts of North Carolina. Biog.
Dir. of Cong., 1406.
22oin the winter of 1843-1844, Henry Wheaton, American minister to Berlin, made a trade
agreement with the German ZoUverein by which duties on tobacco and lard imported into Germany
were reduced, raw cotton was put on the free list, and rice was admitted at a low rate. In return,
the United States reduced its rates on goods imported from Germany. The treaty was presented to
the Senate in April, 1844. It was contrary to the existing tariff law but Tyler proposed to have the
Congress change the existing law if the Senate approved the treaty. Under these conditions the Senate
Whigs laid the treaty on the table. Chitwood, Ltfe of Tyler, 332-333.
The Mangum Papers 157
one of the most distinguished & highly honored members of the
party with which we both act- has prompted me to do so —
Very Sincerely your
friend & obt Svt
John Kerr
Hon W P Mangum
[Addresed:] Hon. Wilie P Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange County
N Carolina
WPM-LC
R. W. Lassiter^^^ et als. to Willie P. Mangum.
Oxford, July 14th, 1844.
Hon Willie P. Mangum,
Dear Sir,
At an informal meeting of some of your friends in this
place, the undersigned were appointed a committee to invite
you to a barbecue to be given at Oxford the last tuesday or
Wednesday of the present month, both as a token of respect for
your eminent services, and to give you an opportunity of aid-
ing the Whig cause in this county, by addressing on that oc-
casion as large a portion of our fellow-citizens as can be got
together. We hope you will do us the honor to accept the in-
vitation, and designate on which of the above mentioned days,
or on what other day, it will be most convenient for you to at-
tend.
We would be urgent in this matter, as we cannot but believe
it is one of considerable importance. Democracy is making a
desperate struggle in Old Granville, and without the most
strenuous exertions on the part of the whigs, we fear, will be
successful. Permit us, then, to add to the wishes of those whom
we represent, our most earnest, individual solicitations that
2^R. W. Lassiter was a representative of Granville County in the state Whig convention in 1846.
He was a state senator in 1864 and 1868-1869. Greensboro Patriot, January 24, 1846; N. C.
Manual, 624, 62^. Mangum attended this rally.
158 State Department of Archives and History
you will favour us vvrith your presence on the occasion alluded
to-
With sentiments of the highest
consideration, v^e have the honor to be
your obedient servants,
R. W. Lassiter
Jno. R. Herndon
R. H. Kingsbury
R B Gilliam
[Addressed : ]
Hon W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain
WPM-LC
Chas. E. Russ et als. to Willie P. Mangum.
Flat River July 15^^ 1844
Dear Sir.-
At a meeting of the Clay Club of Flat River, held on the 6*^.
instant, it w^as unanimously resolved, that your name should be
enrolled among the honorary members of our Association. A
committee of three being appointed to notify you of the fact.
We cherfully perform the task, feeling that we are honored in
paying a tribute of respect to one who stands so high in the
estimation of his countrymen one who, in the times that tried
men's soles, stood side by side with Henry Clay in dispelling
the cloud that overshadowed our beloved country, in preserv-
ing the union and battling on the side of the people against the
encroachments of executive power and usipations and we feel
sure that you could not give your aid or countinance to any man
or party that could conspire either against law or liberty- We
salute you with great respect and would add our fervent wishes
that many years be added to your honored age, and that you
may survive not only to witness the elevation of your great
The Mangum Papers 159
compatriot Henry Clay to the presidency, but to see our beloved
country once more free, prosperous, and happy.-
We remain with perfect respect your Friends
and fellow citizens
To Hon Wilie P. Mangum
Cha.s E. Russ )
Carter Waller) Committee
Moses Roberts )
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Wilie P. Mangum
Orange N. C.
WPM-LC
James E. Harvey^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington
July 23d. 1844
Dear Sir
I take the liberty to enclose to you a Circular which I have
found it necessary to issue, in Consequence of a very uncere-
monious removal from office ''ordered" by the acting President
immediately after the adjournment of Congress — I am ignorant
of any cause for this Summary proceeding, save, my refusal to
subscribe to the flagitious schemes of one corrupt & ambitious
and the fact of having published the result of my reflections up-
on that vile iniquitous plot - the annexation of Texas. If any
matters connected with the purposes of my "Circular" should
fall under your view, I shall greatly esteem any consideration
that may be bestowed in my behalf.
At the suggestion of several friends, and with a sincere de-
sire to be useful in the Campaign, I am now devoting my serv-
ices to the congressional Committee here, in disseminating
Whig Doctrines & Documents in all parts of the Country. Your
State has been, so far liberally served with this matter, but if
any section has been neglected or should you regard it as es-
sential to provide those regions already partially supplied, with
additional light, I shall feel particular pleasure in fulfilling
^^See above, 94. Harvey, a journalist, was a close friend of Mangum and of other Whig
leaders including Seward who in 1861 recommended him for minister to Portugal. In this collec-
tion are several valuable letters from him to Mangum. For his connection with the Fort Sumter in-
cident see J. G. Randall, Lincoln the President. I, 342-343; Bancroft, William H. Seward, II, 145.
160 State Department of Archives and History
your wishes in that respect and shall immediately devote my-
self to its completion at your notification — I have volunteered
for the purpose of being useful and it is a feeling of duty and
desire that will prompt me to take any part however arduous,
that will accomplish the most good to the cause. Mr. Willis
Green^^^ has supervised us since the adjournment - He has been
aided by Mr. Causin of Md. and occasionally by Mr. Merrick
& Mr. Dillett.-^^ Mr. Garret Davis will join us about the mid-
dle of next month, after the Elections, at which time Mr. Green
will probably return to Kentucky. Our force consists of Eight
or Ten and We act harmoniously & with proper energy and
spirit. We have intelligence from all sections, exhibiting a de-
gree of resolution and enthusiasm akin to that of 1840 and a
power fully equal to a glorious triumph. Nothing has contri-
buted to inspire courage and confidence, in a greater degree
than the result in Louisiana.-^^^ Opening the canvass as she
did, it was all-important that we should maintain a respectable
party stand - at least, that we should not suffer a disastrous de-
feat. More than this, the sanguine had not anticipated and the
timid dreaded much worse — The result has proven the stability
of Whig principles and has conferred the highest honor upon
the integrity and firmness of the Senate- Of all states, Louisi-
ana from her contiguity of Territory, familiarity of intercourse
and that almost invincible argument of interest, which had cir-
culated its influence, through the personal exertions of specu-
lators & scrip holders, was the most liable to be approached &
the most susceptible upon the issue of anexation and that she
therefore should have repudiated the plot itself and disgraced
its chief actors and friends, is a victory over which we may re-
joice for its own intrinsic Consequence & more for the moral
effect which it will spread in the Southern Country.
Our accounts from western New York verify altogether the
newspaper statements as to the extent of the feeling abroad
and the numbers actually engaged in the canvass — there is
every good reason to hope for a more decisive majority than
was given to Genl. Harrison and with the exertions that are
223WiUis Green, of Kentucky, was a member of Congress from 1839 to 1845. Biog. Dir. of
Cong., 1032.
224He refers to John M. S. Causin, a Whig member of Congress from Maryland in 1843-1845,
William D. Merrick, Whig Senator from Maryland in 1838-1845, James Dellet, Whig congressman
from Alabama in 1839-1841 and 1843-1845, and Garrett Davis, Whig congressman from Kentucky
in 1839-1847 and Senator from 1867 to 1872. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 191, 884. 896, 1307.
225In the election in Louisiana on July 1, the Whigs had candidates in only two congressional
races, and they won in one of those. In the legislature the Whigs won 8 of the 17 senate seats and
34 of the 60 seats in the lower house. Niles' Register, LXVI, 336. 352.
The Mangum Papers 161
employed in every corner of the state, it is impossible to fix
upon a numerical result- The changes from Locofocoism are
surprising and we gain hundreds of responsible & valuable
men, without the loss of a single soldier.
In Missouri, the efforts are directed to secure the Legisla-
ture. It may be necessary, for the accomplishment of that ob-
ject to yield the Governor & members of Congress, which are
really unimportant when compared with the two Senators de-
pending upon the Legislature- Those who are best informed,
most active & therefore most competent to judge, give strong
assurances, that we shall attain the great point - It is said Ben-
ton's strength will not exceed 35 which is about a third of the
Legislature.
An unfortunate local issue has arisen in Indiana which may
cost the Whigs so dear a price as the Legislature, which elects a
U. S. Senator - ^-^ but little question exists as to her final vote
and nothing will be wanting to place her in position now.
Alabama, will do much more than has been anticipated &
it is not at all improbable that we shall be able to divide the
Delegation in the House, which would be a great and an unex-
pected accession —
The Locofocos in Pennsylvania and the Tariff states are
resorting to every species of falsehood to help their Candi-
dates - Saltmarsh the Mail Contractor who has just passed
through the Keystone region, says that at a Polk meeting he
saw a banner streaming from a lofty pole, inscribed "Polk &
Dallas - a High Tariff and Protection." It is a desperate chance
& no means however disgraceful has any terror for men reckless
in every state of society and utterly unprincipled in the game
of politics —
I shall be much pleased, if I can be of Service to you in any
way and trusting that you will pardon this lengthy infliction.
I remain
Yr Fr & St
James E. Harvey
What will North Carolina do?
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
228In Indiana the state election in August resulted in the Whigs obtaining a majority of 10 in
the lower house and the same number as the Democrats in the upper house of the legislature. Niles'
Register. LXVI, 444.
162 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
J. M. Edwards^^'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
N. York July 25, 1844—
Dear Sir.-
On my return from Washington I found that numerous ap-
plications had been sent from different quarters - asking for
copies of the likeness we made of Hon Henry Clay - when he
was in Washington.* After a little reflection, and consultation,
we concluded the best manner of complying with these requests
would be to copy the original likeness and set them in gold
pins, of a small and not very expensive size, and accordingly
have made known to the public our intentions. As soon as the
pins are finished I will send one for your disposal and shall feel
honored if it meets your approbation. You will find that the
copy diminutive as it is, is superior to the original in many re-
spects.— I shall also send one to Mr Clay- which I hope will
please him tho he told me, *'he did not think it a likeness at
all-" Will you, sir, do me the favor to redirect a number of
copies of the ''Express"^^^ containing the advertisements (which
I send you under double envelopes ) to the principal Clay Clubs
in N. C. — I am unable to obtain their address.
Very Respectfully
J. M. Edwards.
Hon W. P Mangum
* of which several letter writers made mention in their cor-
respondence.
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John B. Bohbitt to Sally Mangum
Louisburg, N. C. 27th. July, 1844.
Miss Sally:
We have heard frequently, during the last and present year,
that you intended to visit this Village; but as yet your Friends
and school mates here find themselves disappointed. They fre-
227Probably a New York engraver.
^^He probably refers to the New York Express, a Whig newspaper that ran from 1836 to 1850.
Its editors and publishers were James and Erastus Brooks. Louis H. Fox, New York City Newspapers,
1820-1830: a Bibliography, 42.
The Mangum Papers 163
quently ask: when is Sally Mangum coming? To this we reply:
Soon.
Now, to the end, that you may not make an indefinite post-
ponement, I write you to come and stay with us one, two, or
more months; and, moreover, if you will say when you can come,
I will send for you at any moment. I will also, during your stay
with us, send you to see your Friends in this section.
In regard to our schools, we have more Boarders than we
have had for several years; Say twenty five, half of them young
ladies.
Of Domestic news, I have not much to say. The Political
Atmosphere in this neighborhood seems to be strongly impreg-
nated with effluvia from the Ponds of Texas. Polk and Dallas
also are much boasted of in this Demo. County: Clay too is
much talked of by the minority here.
In conclusion: give our respects to your Friends, and accept
the same for yourself.
Yrs. respectfully
Jno. B. Bobbitt
Miss Sally Mangum )
Louisburg N C July 9 1844 Paid J B B 10
[Addressed : ]
Miss Sally Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange County, N. C.
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Daniel R. Goodloe^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington July 27th 1844
Dear Sir-
Presuming that you are somewhat burdened with corres-
pondence in these exciting times, I have hitherto abstained from
writing you, in obedience to your kind request, until the pres-
ent moment. You may remember, that before leaving here, you
suggested that the Central Committee at Raleigh, and in the
229See above, 84n.
164 State Department of Archives and History
different counties of the State, might perhaps be induced to sub-
scribe for a number of copies of the Weekly Standard,^^^ and
that you would write to them suggesting the utility of such a
course. As I am aware, that in the multiplicity of your engage-
ments, you would be likely to forget a matter of so little con-
sequence I have taken the liberty, at the request of Mr. Towers
to address you a line upon the subject, and to solicit the favor
of you to write to Mr Badger or some other member of the
Committee calling attention to the paper. I believe that they
can no where purchase more reading matter (such as it is) at
so cheap a rate. It is nov/ sent for seventy five cents until the
first of December with such of the back numbers as are on hand.
The editor can well afford the Weekly at the cheap rate at which
it is now furnished, since it only requires an extra outlay for
the paper. The same number of hands in all the departments
are indispensible whether the weekly is printed or not; so that
if the circulation of it could be extended it would become his
principle source of profit. Subscriptions have very much in-
creased recently, and a letter patronising (not patronage) by
distinguished Whigs in different quarters would soon place it on
a permanent basis, and enable the editor to issue a permanent
country edition. The value of a whig paper here of a strong
party cast is so much better understood by you than by my-
self, that I will say nothing upon that head.
Mr. Green of Kentucky^^^ remains here yet, and he with
his documentary corps are busily at work. At your suggestion
I have frequently called at the folding room to inquire about
the documents sent to N. Carolina. I have also conferred with
Mr Green as to the proper course to pursue in the editorial
change of the paper. I fear that I have a proclivity to fall into
the channel he points out, and that a good Christian would
rather curb the indulgence of a censorious spirit, than yield to
it. He advises me to make offensive war upon the locofocos, and
to spare them upon no occasion. You will perhaps think, if you
look into the standard, that I have acted upon his advice; but
I have not. I resolve from day to day to be more guarded, and
less harsh in my expressions, but reading the Globe and other
unscrupulous locofoco sheets, provokes me into the use of lan-
guage of which I feel ashamed in cooler moments. I by no
230See above, III, 467n.
23iWillis Green. See above, James E. Harvey to W. P. Mangum, July 23, 1844.
The Mangum Papers 165
means think, however, that truth or justice or propriety de-
mand, that I should have a mantle of charity as large as the In-
telligencer's. I think it well enough to call things by their right
names, though I am conscious of exceeding the line of propriety
every day. I have not felt entirely at ease for repeating the
charge of Toryism against Mr Polk's Grandfather ;-32 though I
have not a rational doubt of its truth, and think it an objection
in some degree to him; but I have a repugnance to it. I wrote
a long account of the whole affair which appeared in to-days
Standard in which I think I have fixed it beyond controversy.
I place the justice of the allegation upon the ground that the
locofocos had boasted of Mr. Polk's revolutionary ancestry.
Dwelling upon the subject so long yesterday afternoon, in writ-
ing the article, has disgusted me with the subject, and it affords
me no little relief to make this confession to you. And this
confession, by the way, is my apology for talking so much about
myself.
I have not taken lodgings at Mrs. Scott's as upon reflection,
I thought the expense too great, and Mr. Towers is slow in
paying me my stipend. I regret to have named it to her, but
in other respects am doing very well. I trust you will give me
credit for appreciating your unparalleled kindness and gener-
osity to me- which lays me under an unredeemable load of obli-
gation. I shall be very proud to receive a line from you, sir,
should your leisure permit. Present my respects to your family
and believe me to be with great respect your obliged and obedt
sevt
Daniel R. Goodloe
I presume you have heard that Bryant and others of New
York have virtually broken off from the locofoco party. The
New York papers are filled with the sparing between the Ple-
beian and Post.^^^ I should think there was little chance of
healing the breach. Great interest is felt here in regard to the
232In the campaign of 1844 many Whigs, especially in Polk's native state. North Carolina, as-
serted that Polk's grandfather, Ezekiel Polk, had been a traitor in the Revolution. Ezekiel Polk,
according to this story, deserted the company of which he was captain and placed himself under the
protection of Lord Cornwallis. Concerned with the charge, the North Carolina Democrats delegated
W. W. Holden to write a refutation of the charge. Ezekiel Polk, therefore, became a significant
issue in the campaign in North Carolina. Norton, Democratic Party in N. C, 141-142.
233n^e New York Plebeian, a Democratic paper, was edited at this time by Levi D. Slamm, and
William CuUen Bryant was editor of the New York Evening Post. Bryant opposed the Baltimore
Democratic platform because of the annexation plank. He did support the ticket but with misgiving.
The Plebeian's editor threatened to drive Bryant from the Democratic party because of his Federalism
and opposition to Annexation. The Post replied that annexation might lose New York for Polk.
Fox, New York City Newspapers: a Bibliography, 82; New York Evening Post, July 27, 1844.
166 State Department of Archives and History
N. C. elections. I think the signs are decidedly favorable at
this time judging from the tone of the public press in every
quarter. The Whigs seem to be losing nothing in any part of
the South, while rapid accessions are made to the ranks in the
North- particularly in New York and Pennsylvania.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange County
N. Carolina
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Thos. K. Thomas^^'' to Willie P. Mangum.
Louisburg Aug 4th 1844
Hon W P Mangum
My dear Sir
A number of the leading and most distinguished Whigs of
this county have urged me as the Secretary of the Louisburg
Clay Club to write you and to request you if you could with
any degree of convenience to yourself, to meet our political ad-
versaries at Franklinton on the 13th instant. It is an important
point; they expect to operate on the people of four counties; its
geographical situation is not more favorable to their views
than its political aspect. Parties in that region are unsettled;
it is now loco foco but with proper exertion a great revolution
might be wrought. Mr Gilliam, our elector will not be able to
attend; The democrats will have a number of speakers there
may be some distinguished Whigs there ;2^^ several have been
invited, but it is universally wished here that you may be able
to attend and stand up before the people at that populous region
as the champion and advocate of the Whig party.
Mr. Jeffreys^^^ the Senator elect from this county attack
with some vehemance your course on the Tariff and Bank dur-
234Thomas K. Thomas, a citizen of Franklin County, represented his county in the state Whig
Convention in 1846. In 1833 he petitioned the legislature to support internal improvement and
education for the purpose of decreasing the migration from North Carolina. Greensboro Patriot,
January 24, 1846; Coon, (ed.) , Doc. Hist, of Educ. in N. C, II, 619-621.
2^Abraham W. Venable was the chief spokesman for the Democrats and Henry W. Miller
for the Whigs at the gathering. Raleigh Register, August 27, 1844.
288William A. Jeffries was state senator in 1844-1845. N. C. Manual, 610.
The Mangum Papers 167
ing the late canvass in this county; the humblest member of
the Whig party in Franklin would be able to vindicate you
from the malignant shafts that this democratic pet might level
at you; but the ju venal Senator will no doubt continue his de-
traction until he receives such a castigating as you alone could
give him.
The returns from the election^^^ are coming on well; Frank-
lin done all she could under the circumstances; we have fear-
ful odds against us, at best and greatly to our discomfiture my
brother John E Thomas the Whig candidate in the Commons
was taken sick few days before the election and was not able
to be out on the day. Had he been able to have canvassed the
county and to have attended on the day at the usual place
where candidates in this county go, I think Graham would have
gotten 25 votes more in this county than he did. As it is we are
beaten, but not conquered; we will give Clay 40 votes more in
this county than we gave Graham- if you will come to Franklin-
ton and make a speech. Is this sufficient inducement? Besides
this you will effect much in an important part of Granville
County.
I am aware that others have written to you on this sub-
ject and I have no doubt but that you will attend if you can
with convenience. In conclusion of this allow me to express the
great obligation I feel myself under to you for the trouble you
have taken in conveying to me my Bee hive cuts. I regret that
you should have been so troubled with them, and I must beg
that you will receive my sincere gratitude for your condescen-
tion and kindness Believe me dear Sir your obedient Servant
Thos. K Thomas
Louisburg Aug 5*^ 1844 Paid 10
[Addressed:]
Hon Willie P Mangum
Red Mountain
No Ca
2*^In the state as a whole, W. A. Graham, the Whig candidate, defeated Michael Hoke, the
Democratic candidate for governor by a vote of 42,586 to 39,433 in the August eleaion. In the
state senate the Whigs won 26 out of 50 seats and 71 out of 120 in the lower house, which gave
the Whigs a majority of 24 in the two houses together. Hillsborough Recorder, August 22, Novem-
ber 7. 1844.
168 State Department of Archives and History
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S. H. Harris to Willie P. Mangum.
Clarksville [Virginia] Augst. 5th. 1844
Dear Sir
Accompanying this is a letter from a scientific gentleman
(probably not unknown to you) bearing testimony to the util-
ity of my brothers invention, in the application of steam as a
propelling pow^er. He w^ill if deemed necessary explain the na-
ture of his engine and the principles upon v^hich it acts. Viewed
in reference to its practical results I cannot but hope that he
has made a discovery which may ultimately tend to modify, if
not entirely change, the mode of applying steam to machinery.
Robert will state to you the object of his visit and allow me
to hope that you will give him your advice and influence in
forwarding his schemes.
The Whigs of this region are waiting anxiously to hear from
you and much good to the cause is anticipated from your ex-
pected visit. We are much cheered by the news from the old
North State and with a little help from yourself and other dis-
tinguished leaders, we will endeavour to follow the example of
N Carolina in Novem'' next. We shall be much gratified to have
the priviledge of extending to you our hospitality should you
visit this part of Virginia again- And I am desired to say that a
visit from Mrs. Mangum or the young ladies would be parti-
cularly agreeable to Mrs Harris.
With high respect
I am yours &C
S. H Harris
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Orange County
N. C
Robt. Harris
The Mangum Papers 169
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P. C. Cameron to Willie P. Mangum.
Orange Co. Aug 7th. [1844]
Wed: afternoon 5 o'clock.
My dear Sir/
As in a 1840, the old North stands first, foremost, and freest!
I have just returned from Raleigh - leaving it after all the in-
telligence for the day had been received. At the moment of my
departure, according to the list kept by Mr. Loring^^^ the Whigs
had a majority of 24 in the House, and of (2) two in the Senate!
The Governors majority for the Whig ticket, is so far decreased
cannot say how much. Hoke is doing better than any one of his
party before him! The impression at Raleigh seemed to be, that
Grahams majority would not exceed 4,000. The old Wheel
Horse Dobson^^^ is defeated in Surry! Avery is defeated in
Burke!^^^ he you know was a pet child of "Romeo's"! Mr. Au-
gustus Moore is defeated as a candidate for the Edenton Sen-
itorial District - a loss to us. I hope that Graham may make
out his 5,000 & tho' I think our majority will be larger than
reported above it is as large as we need. I send you the last
Register. Gales makes a might to-do over "Nat Palmer! "^^^
Another such an issue from his press & he will defeat Clay in
Novr!
Yours
P. C. Cameron.
[Addressed : ]
Hon W. P. Mangum.
at Home.
Orange Co.
238Thomas Lonng, editor of the Raleigh Register.
239William P. Dodson was in the state senate in 1827, 1830-1834, 1836-1837, and 1842-1843.
N. C. Manual, 815-816.
2*oisaac T. Avery.
^^He probably refers to Nathaniel J. Palmer, the former editor of the Milton Spectator. He
became a leader in education and in the Baptist denomination. Holden, Address on the History of
Journalism in N. C., 16; George W. Paschal, History of Wake Forest College, I, 308-311.
170 State Department of Archives and History
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Robert Ransom to Willie P. Mangum.
Warren Co. August 8th. 1844
Dr. Sir
At the request of our friend Co^ Robt. W. Alston,^^^ I write
to ascertain, when it will suit your entire convenience, to see
us at your House he is particularly anxious to go and see you,
the latter part of this Month if, you have no arrangement that
calls you from home. You will therefore, please inform me by
return mail, when it will best suit your convenience to see us.
You will see that our little Band has done well we have
gained fifteen whigs in Warren against the most oppressive and
tyrancial opposition ever practised in any Country. The Loco.^
rallied every voter from Pedlars to Boys. Yes German pedlars
that were not Citizens, & beardless boys. Still we gained fifteen
votes, we have done well, considering there never was but two
Whig speeches made in the County.
With Great respect and high regard
I am Yrs.
Rob. Ransom
Honl.
Willie P Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Honl. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange County
NO. CA.
By way of Franklinton.
2^Formerly from Warren County. North Carolina, Robert W. Alston, 1781-1859, was a
planter in Florida at the time of this letter. See below R. W. Alston to W. P. Mangum, December
26, 1844, and Groves, Tbe Alstons and Atlstons of North and South Carolina, 132.
The Mangum Papers 171
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S. Starkweather^ ^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
N. York 9 Augt 44.
Dr Sir
A matter of business brought me home from the country,
for a day. I leave again in the morning to resume my labors.
You may have seen that I have been through the State on the
^reat thoroughfare I am now to take the Southern tier of
counties Every moment confirms the opinion that we are gain-
ing ground daily. I think the State good for 25,000 as it now ap-
pears. The vote must be a strong one past all doubt. I have
seen veteren old democrats come entirely over while sitting
under the truth. We have sufficient to show you are all right
But how is this! You or rather the president of the Senate was
boasting that the old North State would carry all before it and
so I have very imprudently stated, now I see but a small gain
in 18 counties of less than 400, from which I infer you will not
carry the State by more than 1000 more than in 1840. When
gentlemen talk of coats & suits despising Hats & small matters,
we hold them to a strict accountability — Now I dont want to be
too sure but I tell you to stand a little back and you will see the
Empire State come in with about 30,000 if we have fair play
you can have no idea of the ingagedness of our friends in the
country One cannot stop at the corner of a street where they
are wont to meet without being solicited to make a speech.
The women come out and ask you to stop & talk to their
husbands & sons. This is what makes us strong. The Whigs are
indolent as a party in ordinary times, when they arouse all is
safe.
Truly yours
S. Starkweather.
We are looking for you north soon. If you come drop a note into
the post office with your frank on it & it will find me some-
where Tell me in it how long you are to be with us and where
you are going.
S. S.
[Addressed:] Hon W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain, North Carolina.
248See above, 154.
172 State Department of Archives and History
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Henry E. Rochester^ ''^' to Willie P. Mangum.
Rochester, New York, Augt. 15, 1844
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
Dear Sir —
My Father Col. Nathaniel Roche ster,^"^^ an officer of the
Revolutionary Army in North Carolina died in this City in
1831 in the 80th. year of his age — In behalf of my aged mother,
now 76 years old, I take the liberty to solicit the favor of your
kind offices in procuring the necessary proofs of my father's
services in the revolutionary war to entitle his widow to re-
ceive a pension — Nathaniel Macon, Judge Cameron & other
known intimate friends of my father are no more, so that I am
under the necessity of troubling one, who though well known
by reputation, is personally a Stranger to me. I am induced to
beg the favor of you, from the circumstance of your residence
in Orange Co., and having an impression that you was an ac-
quaintance of my brother William B. Rochester, formerly a
member of Congress from this State, & who was lost at sea off
the coast of North — Carolina, while on his journey home from
the South in the ill-fated Steamer Pulaski.
It is possible the evidence of my father's services may be
found in the public records of your State, but as such may not
be the case, I furnish such particulars of my father's history,
gathered from memoranda left by him, as will enable you to
direct your inquiries to the proper sources for information. My
Father was born in Westmoreland Co. Virga. Feb. 21. 1752 —
His father John Rochester was born at the same place- In the
autumn of 1768 ray father went to reside in Hillsborough,
Orange Co. N. C. where he was engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness with James Monroe & Col. John Hamilton until the com-
mencement of the Revolutionary War- In 1775 he was ap-
pointed a member of ''the Committee of Safety" for Orange
^^Colonel Nathaniel Rochester, the founder of Rochester in New York, left three sons. One
of these was Henry E. Rochester, who was a business leader in Rochester. Harriet A. Weed ( ed. ) ,
Autobiography of Thurlow Weed, Boston, 1883, I, 346.
^^Nathaniel Rochester was born in Virginia in 1752, moved to Granville County, North
Carolina, and then to Hillsboro, where he engaged in mercantile business with several men, including
Thomas Hart. A member of the Provincial Congress which met at Hillsboro in 1776, he was ap-
pointed by that body as major of the Orange militia. He became the paymaster to a battalion of
minute men in the Hillsboro district. In 1782 with Thomas Hart he moved to Maryland, where he
set up a flour and rope factory. In 1808 he was a presidential elector and member of the Maryland
assembly. In 1810 he moved to New York and established a flour mill at Fallstown, the future city
of Rochester. Biog. Hist, of N. C, III. 341-343.
The Mangum Papers 173
County, whose business was to promote the revolutionary spirit
among the people — to procure arms and ammunition - make
collections for the people of Boston- and to prevent the sale &
use of East India Teas- In August of the same year he attended,
as a member, the first provincial convention in N. Carolina —
This Convention ordered the raising of four Regiments of Con-
tinential Troops - organized the minute men & militia System,
& directed an election for another convention to meet in May
1776 to adopt a constitution &c — At this first Convention my
father was appointed a major of militia & Paymaster to the
minute-men & militia- In Feb. 1776 he was dispatched by Col.
Thackston, his commanding officer, with two companies of In-
fantry & one of Cavalry in pursuit of Genl. McDonald who had
collected a large body of Scotch (about 1000) in Cumberland
Co. with the view of transporting them to join the British in
New York, their destination was Wilmington- On reaching
Devo's ferry, about 20 miles from headquarters, my father met
about 500 of these Scotch, with McDonald, on their retreat,
they having been met and defeated by Col. Caswell ( afterwards
Gov. of your State) at Moore's bridge — My father took Mc-
Donald & the 500 prisoners- Being a sparsely settled Country
& unable to procure provisions for so many, he was obliged to
discharge all but about 50 who were officers with whom he re-
turned to head-quarters, where he found Col. Alexr. Martin —
Marshall, in his life of Washington, mentions that Col. Martin
took these prisoners — In May 1776 my Father attended, as a
member, the Convention at Halifax, where a constitution was
adopted- Six more Regiments of Continental Troops were or-
dered to be raised & their officers appointed, among whom my
father, was appointed Commissary General, with the rank & pay
of a Colonel for the N. Carolina line, after the adjournment of
of the Convention he went to Wilmington to attend to his duties,
taking with him Abishai Thomas as his Deputy, who was after-
wards employed in one of the Departments of the Genl. Govt.-
In the fall of this year (1776) my father was elected a member
of the Legislature, which he attended in the winter of 1777 —
Nathaniel Macon was also a member. This Ligislature ap-
pointed my Father a Commissioner to establish & superintend
a manufactory of Arms at Hillsborough- In 1780 he was ap-
pointed Colonel of Militia-
174 State Department of Archives and History
I am unable, from any minutes left by my father, to State
the periods of his service, beyond what can be gathered from
the incidents in his life above detailed. His father died in Vir-
ginia in 1754- His mother married a second husband Thomas
Critcher about the year 1756 who removed with his family in
the year 1763 to Granville Co. N. C. — By the second marriage
his mother had three sons, Thomas, Jam,es & John Critcher, and
two daughters who married Elijah & Charles Mitchell. His sis-
ter Philis Rochester, married a Mr. Saml. Morse & settled in
Granville Co. N. C. — It is possible one or more of these brothers
& Sisters may still be living, and if so will be able to give you
information by which you can learn whether any of the revolu-
tionary acquaintances of my father are living by whom his
services may be proved- I will add another circumstance in my
fathers history which may aid the object I have in view - In
1778 he engaged in business with Col. Thomas Hart, Father-in-
Law to Henry Clay, and James Brown. Col. Hart then resided
two miles west of Hillsborough where he had a considerable
estate in Lands, Mills &c.
The inquiry may arise in your mind - "Why was not this
Pension sought at an earlier day?" The only reply I can make
is that it was owing to mere thoughtlessness. My Mother is
comfortably provided for on the score of property but nothing
beyond. If my fathers services in the Revolution really merit a
pension, we think it alike due to his fame as a Soldier of the
Revolution and as some recompense for the services rendered his
country that his widow at least should enjoy the reward of those
services- It is proper I should add also, that my Father was
married in 1788 to Sophia Beatty of Fredericktown Maryland,
his present widow who claims a Pension-
Should you be so fortunate as to find proof of my father's
services, you will much oblige my mother by having it taken
in due form & forwarding it under cover to my brother Thomas
H. Rochester of this City,- I request you to give it such direc-
tion as my business calls me away from home a good deal- Any
expense you may incur in the matter will be fully reimbursed,
& I will avail myself of the opportunity to do so through the
Hon. Thomas J. Patterson M. C. from this District — For your
personal services in the business I will hold myself under great
The Mangum Papers 175
obligations to you, & will be most happy to fulfill in any way
in which you may be pleased to command my humble Services —
With Sentiments of high regard & respect
I am your Obt. Servt.
Henry E. Rochester
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Jesse P. Smith^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Chapel Hill Augt. 15" 1844
Dear Sir.
It is my very agreeable duty, as President of the Dialectic
Society, to inform you that you have been selected by that body
to deliver an oration before the two literary Societies at the
ensuing annual commencement. Next commencement day is
the fiftieth anniversary of the Institution and we feel assured
that your acceptance would add dignity and importance to the
occasion. The Dialectic Society cherishes the hope that you
will comply, believing that an oration from you would confer
honor upon her and gratify the wishes of your friends through-
out the State.
Very respectfully
Jesse P. Smith
[Addressed : ]
Hon Willie P. Mangum,
Red Mountain
Orange Cy
N. C.
WPM-LC
Henry E. Rochester to Willie P. Mangum.
Rochester N. Y. Augt. 16. 1844
Dear Sir.
Allow me to presume so far upon the mutual interest which
we feel in the approaching Presidential election, as to give you,
on this envelope, a brief view of the aspect of political matters
in this Section of the Union-
*** After graduating from the University; in 1845, Jesse Potts Smith settled near Fayetteville and
became a lawyer and planter. Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C, 575.
176 State Department of Archives and History
We have just learned the final result of the State election
in Indiana, ^^" by which it seems the Whigs have a majority in
both branches of the Legislature by v^hich we secure a U. S.
Senator- We have not learned sufficient from Illinois^*^ to know
the result - we have expected a defeat in that State, & if the re-
sult should be favorable to the Whigs, (which we can hardly
hope) it will add strength to our now confident hope of electing
Mr. Clay-
In this Section of New York the Whigs now & always have
had a very large majority- In regard to the State at large I
have no fears — With a full vote in this State the Whigs have
always been in the majority - and from present indications we
have reason to believe every Whig will vote this fall & secure
a large majority-
Our opponents are distracted, disheartened & I might almost
say dispairing- The result in your noble State has done much
to produce this feeling among them.
There is great enthusiasm among the Whigs, quite as much
as in 1840, & I see no reason why the result must not be as
triumphant —
The abolitionists as a political party at best are no very
formidable body & in the present contest will be lost sight of.
They are, as you are aware I presume, hostile to Mr. Clay- but
the nomination of Mr. Polk leaves them in a dilemma — There
is no considerable number of them ever seriously thought of
voting for Mr. Burney-^*^ and it is now generally believed the
most of them will take their places in the ranks of the two
prominent parties —
in haste
yours &c.
H. E. Rochester
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senator
Red Mountain
Orange Co.
N. Carolina.
2^^In Indiana the Whigs and Democrats elected the same number of state senators, but the Whigs
gained 55 out of the 100 in the lower house. Hillsborough Recorder, August 22, 29, 1844; Niles'
Register, LXVI, 444.
248In Illinois the Democrats gained a large majority in the legislature and six out of the seven
Congressional seats. Niles' Register, LXVI, 428; Hillsborough Recorder, August 22, 29. 1844.
^^ James G. Birney, the candidate of the Liberty Party.
The Mangum Papers 177
WPM-D
David L. Swain to Willie P. Mangum.
Chapel Hill, 20. Aug. 1844.
My dear Sir,
I understand there are some vacancies in the Military-
Academy at West Point, that will be filled from the States at
large on the recommendation of our Senators. - If this be so,
my nephew Newton Coleman^^^ at present a student of the Uni-
versity wishes to be advised of the fact, that he may in due
season obtain and submit testimonials of his qualifications. -
I would not myself be willing to speak as confidently in his be-
half, as if he were unconnected with me, and yet I should feel
bound to testify strongly.
Yours very sincerely,
D. L. Swain
[Addressed:] Honble. Willie P. Mangum,
Red Mountain
N. C.
[Postmarked : ]
Chapel Hill, N C
Aug 21
WPM-LC
B. S. Gaither^^^ & others to Willie P. Mangum.
MORGANTON 21st Augt 1844
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Sir. We the undersigned, have been appointed as a commit-
tee to invite our Whig friends to attend a mass meeting to be
held in Morganton on the 18th & 19th days of October next.
We take great pleasure in expressing to you the general wish
of the Whigs in this region of the State that you would hon-
our us with your presence on the occasion referred to & indulge
the hope that you will not permit any slight circumstance to
prevent your attendance.
You have no doubt observed the falling off in the Whig
vote for Governor in this section of the State & will concur with
^°A native of Buncombe County, Newton Coleman was a student at the University in 1844-
1845. He became a lawyer and a member of the legislature as a representative of Buncombe in
1848-1849 before he moved to Missouri, where he continued his practice of law. N. C. Manual,
511 \ Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C, 125.
^^This letter is written in Tod R. Caldwell's handwriting. The same is true of the following
letter which he wrote on the same paper.
178 State Department of Archives and History
us in the belief that immediate & continued action should be
had in every county in the State & particularly in the West
where symptoms of disaffection have been shew^n.
We have the honour to be
With great respect, Yr. obt. Svt.
B. S. Gaither & others, com.
My Dear Sir.
On the preceding page you vvrill receive an invitation from
a committee to attend a mass meeting at this place on the 18th
& 19th days of October next, to w^hich I hope you w^ill pardon
me for adding my individual solicitation that you v^ill favour us
with your presence on that occasion. Our people will enter in-
to this p[torn]t with a great deal of spirit & enthusiasm. I haz-
ard little in sa[ying] that if we [torn] a favourable response
from you & others [whom] we intend [to] invite, a larger con-
course of persons [will] be congregated here at that time than
has ever been witnessed in Western North Carolina. And I
farther believe that if we can have such a meeting as we de-
sire this Congressional will give Mr. Clay at least 5,000 ma-
jority. It will take very little I assure you to kindle such a fire
of Excitement in Mr. Clay's behalf, in the bosom of our Moun-
tain [torn] as never before burned in favour of any man either
living or dead. The Polk men in this region are already dis-
heartened and if we can only have such a gathering as we wish
they will give up the contest without a "show of fight" and any
man of them instead of electioneering for Polk, will be afraid
on account of his own future personal popularity and ashamed
to be seen with a Polk ticket in his hand - I feel assured, that
when you recollect, in addition to what is above said the vote
of No. Carolina for the last years has depended in a great
measure upon us of the ''Western Reserve" & that in any emer-
gency we have been looked to [torn] so that it is upon that now
for us to do our very best [torn] our earnest solicitation.
Minerva sends her love to you & all the family & joins me
in the request, if you can make it convenient to [come] up, that
The Mangum Papers 179
you bring your family up with you [torn] will be a pleasant
season to visit o[ur] mountains.
With much respect
I am Sir, Yr. obt. Svt.
Tod. R. Caldwell
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
P.S. An early answered is requested.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senator
Red Mountain
[Orange] County
[N. C]
WPM-LC
Nathan Sargent to Willie P. Mangum.
Phila. Augt. 21. 1844
Hon Willie P. Mangum
My dear Sir
I received a few days ago, a letter from Mr Stanley^^^ in-
forming me that in consequence of a recent accident which hap-
pened to him, it would not be in his power to attend to the col-
lecting of North Carolina's quota of the fund for the National
Prize Banner- say $150- and he suggested the propriety of my
writing to yourself upon the subject, believing that you could
put to work the proper men in order to raise it. Mr. S. was, at
the time he wrote, on the eve of departure for the sea shore.
The accident he had met with, was being upset in a gig by
which he had been much lamed. We have heard from nearly
all the members of the Committee, from the different States,
responding affirmatively to the call upon their respective States,
for their contributions- all the Southern States save N. C. & La.
I am getting up the banner, & intend it to be a very magnificent
one- worthy of the State that shall win it.
2B2Edward Stanly.
180 State Department of Archives and History
The campaign is being carried on in this section of the
country with great vigor & labor. In this & some other northern
States, the Locos, with an audacity unparalleled, claim Mr
Polk as the friend of protection, & denounce Mr Clay as opposed
to it! And they ding this into the ears of their ignorant men
in so confident a manner, that thousands really believe it, &
cannot be persuaded to the contrary even by Polk's own declara-
tions! But, nevertheless, we are making converts rapidly- Many
of their prominent men have avowed their determination to
vote for Mr Clay who still act with the party. Among these is
Geo. M Hollenbach, of Luzerne Co. who was the Van Buren
elector in 1840, & who was chairman of a democratic meeting
the other day- after he had declared his intention to vote for
Mr Clay.
If they unite, cordially on Shunk,-^^ as their candidate for
Governor, they will elect him; if not- & Gov Porter manifests
a disposition to oppose his nomination- we shall elect Markle.
Since my return from Washington, I have been keeping up a
steady fire of hot shot, grape, cannister & ball, through the
U. S. Gazette, the political department of which is under my
charge- I am also occasionally on the stump.
We have been some what disappointed in Graham's vote,
as well as at the result in Indiana. We looked for a larger ma-
jority.
With the best wishes for your health, accept the assurance of
the cordial respect of
Your friend an
Obdt Servant
N. Sargent
Nicholas CarroW^^* to Willie P. Mangum.
180 Prince St-
New York- Sunday 8*^ Sept. /44
My dear Sir
As a Lieutenant of the Great Captain I appeal to you. We
are in danger - We see it undismayed. We thank God there is
time to meet it- we believe, to ward it off.
2-^^Thomas R. Shunk was the Democratic candidate. He won over James Markle, the Whig
candidate, by a majority of 4,397. David R. Porter had been governor from 1838 to 1845. Niles'
Register, LXVlI, 112, 117.
25*See above, UI, 132n.
The Mangum Papers 181
Silas Wright is nominated for Governor. He is the strongest
man the destructives can boast- he is the hardest man for us to
beat. He gives them that which before they lacked- strength &
union. With any other nomination our success was assured. The
field was to us an easy one. Now that field is studded with their
serried legions- and their consuls & proconsuls and all their sub-
ordinate officers are at their head, disciplining & marshalling
the banded forces- already flushed with anticipations of sure
victory. Their insolent challenge - ringing in our ears- our
blood boils to accept it & defy them. We approach the encounter
calmly & sternly- and like Spartacus in the Roman Arena we
cry out "Let them come- we are armed."
In the dread pause before the battle- we survey the field-
know every point of defence- and strengthen every breach or
weakness in our entranchments.
The 'Natives' reversed affairs in the Spring.^^^ I came home
then from Washington- traveling without rest to be here & in
season deposite my ballot among the '5000' who believed their in-
dependent course due to their principles & their own self vindica-
tion. The son of an Irishman- whose family at home even to
martyrdom, & here in '76 & subsequently, had proved their de-
votion to civil & religious liberty- could not- as a Catholic in be-
lief & creed- he could not have done otherwise- I voted against
a party mercilessly proscriptive against foreigners- and mali-
ciously vindictive towards my faith & religion. But reflection
& time- those "safe & sober moralists"- have thoroughly changed
the action & the views of the successful party. It is but their
due to declare that they have reformed our City Government
and fully discharged all their honest pledges. Then it was a
local matter- now it is changed- and such a change. Then it af-
fected New York City only- now this Party are connected per-
haps with the result of the Presidential election.
Last spring the Whigs (proper) cast 5.000, Tammany 20.000
& the Natives 24.000 votes- within 1000 of the other parties
united vote. Now the Natives are in the field to nominate mem-
bers of Congress- State Senator & Assembly Ticket- The City
^^The Nativist party originated in New York City. In 1843 the Whigs were defeated because
of the Irish and Germans. Many Democrats and Whigs, therefore, organized the Native American
Party to keep the government out of the hands of aliens. This party elected the mayor in 1844.
The same result was obtained in Philadelphia. In eastern cities the Nativist party almost absorbed
the Whigs. Strong feeling resulted in a petition to Congress to deprive aliens of the privilege of
voting until they had lived in this country twenty-five years. The fear in 1844 was that this party
might be a deciding faaor in such states as New York and Pennsylvania. The Democrats accused
the Whigs of voting Native in local elections to gain the Nativists' support for President. Lambert,
Presidential Politics in U. S., 1841-1843, 180-197; McMaster, Hist, of People of U. S., VII. 380-385.
182 State Department of Archives and History
sends four delegates to Congress- 13 to the Assembly & with two
other counties makes the State Senatorial District. In the 3*^ Dis-
trict (Phoenix's) they have nominated John C. Hamilton (the
worthiest son of the immortal Alexander) a thorough- staunch
Whig- devotedly Clay- divested of herisies- uncontaminated by
any 'isms' past or prospective- and in no manner allied to pipe-
layerism, Scottism or Websterism. In the 4th (my residence)
they propose to nominate Thos. M. Woodruff- an Independent
Democrat- quasi Clay, in favor of the Tariff- against annexation
& irreconcilable to Tammany. In the 5th the nomination will lay
between a candidate of the same stamp or a Whig- In the 6*^. they
have nominated Hamilton Fish, our present excellent member.
This will give us 1600 majority in the 3,^ 300 in the 4**^. 300 in the
5*^ & 500 in the 6*^. They propose to give us V2 the Assembly
ticket the other V2 Independent Democratic and all pledged to
vote for our U. S. S. The State Senator will be a mutual nomi-
nee. With this Union we sweep everything- without it we may
go out of New York in an overwhelming minority- say 10.000.*
With this Union we will secure at least 12 to 1500 on our Elec-
toral vote- without it we are whipped "horse- foot & dragoon.'*
The course we propose (in favor of uniting) is to let them
make the nominations, advising with us as they proceed- and
then upon the eve of the election rally unanimously in their
favor. The only objection to this course is presented by the
ambitious who are desirous of Independent Nominations, that
they may be conspicuous, and by those whose absorbing fore[?]
thirst for Spirits- hankered after longed for as "Daphne by the
eager Day God," whose selfishness & venality now present the
only barrier to this arrangement. God of Heaven is it to be
borne- at this time- when the state is no less than the salvation
of the nation - is this to be endured for an instant? Before my
love for Henry Clay, which has known no laggard's soul since
my boyhood- should couple itself with one solitary selfishness
to defile the sanctuary where I have nursed it in all trials, &
kept it pure & holy under every ordeal, I would go dig paving
stones to give bread to my family.
If in Union with this Party there was even a temporary
yielding of principle- the emergency & the occasion, would
more than justify the momentary forgetfulness. What have
they to suffer, in comparison with the sacrifice the Catholic
The Mangum Papers 183
Whigs offer as an oblation on this altar of "union for the sake of
the Union." It is we, if any, who for the time being look the re-
sult, rather than the principle, full in the face & to clutch that,
will drive the dagger, if needed, into our own breasts. But there
is no abandonment- no retreat from principle. It is Duty now to
effect this Union- not grudgingly- reluctantly but cheerfully &
earnestly- with a devotion & a love of our cause which will strew
the thorny way- if it be so- with flowers- and render its perform-
ance dear to us hereafter, as the memory of acts whereby we
saved our country in an hour of peril.
*not exaggerated.
Elsewhere- everywhere the news is cheering- Vermont has
proved true- of a verity she is "the star that never has set."
Maine will do well- All the Eastern States- But here- & New
Jersey and Pennsylvania- there is the danger. From this strait
we must be suddenly relieved- Pause- there is no time for
pause "the war has been declared" and the enemy, like dragon's
teeth have sprung from the earth & like Pallas ready armed. -
United- wary & untiring we can beat them 20.000 in this State-
But we require all these qualities, acting in concert, to beat the
foe. You are not needed now by the 'glorious old North.' You
have taken care of her. Do- do come here- come among us &
give us the benefit of your advice, counsel & direction- Look at
the stake - The result here may be the election of Henry Clay-
it might be his defeat- From a contemplation like the latter I
shrink as from an accumulation of horrors that appals patriots
& rejoices friends & traitors only. I would hear your trumpet
tones peal out here to awe or to assure - whichever might in the
exigency be most important. I remember, that you have told
me that there have been times of trial since '41, [illegible] when
your "coming — was more effectual even with Senators than
reasoning." I have seen enough recently to convince me that
with our *dogs in the manger' threats are more formidable
weapons than argument or entreaty. It is usless to invoke pa-
triotism in a heart that has no answering chord to any divinity
but self-
If you cannot come at once- please answer this by return
mail- The time for action is narrowing down to days- The
danger of defeat has been thrust upon us at the instant and
184 State Department of Archives and History
upon the echo we sound the alarm- Come- do come if you can-
but write, if you cannot, by the return mail & believe me
Faithfully- sincerely
Yr friend & sert.
N. Carroll
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Private and important
WPM-LC
Hamilton C. Jones to Willie P. Mangum.
Lincolnton Sept 9 1844
My Dear Sir
I was once indebted to you for your good offices in electing
me solicitor, and for that I have endeavoured to show my grati-
tude in a substantial way. But my term is now out, and I shall
be before the next legislature for a renewal of the lease. Mr
Guion^^^ is my competitor and as Mr Waddell is his brother in-
Law it is calculated that he will endeavor to take the whole
Orange delegation with him for Mr. G. If there is any man in
the west of North Carolina who has worked harder and sacri-
ficed more than I have I do not know who he is. I laboured
seven long years at the Watchman at a dead loss (knowing it
too) for the consolidation of the Whig party in the west; and
all know that I had a prime agency in effecting this purpose:
besides that; I gave up one of the most lucrative practices as a
Lawyer of any one in my circuit which I have totally lost and
have only returned to the practice as a solicitor- I have many
suits of consequence scattered along this circuit but they will
not sustain me without my office. If I am ejected I shall there-
fore have to begin anew in a new circut You can see how dis-
astrous must be all my prospects in this view of the matter-
Please lay these matters upon your members and let them
understand why I do not think Whigs ought to proscribe me:
If I have done any thing culpable or am incompetent- or negli-
gent, and any respectable member of the profession will say so
of me I will not complain: but I understand that it is put on
258Haywood W. Guion, of Lincolnton, 1814-1876, after graduation from the University of
North Carolina, became a lawyer and the author of a scientific treatise called The Comet. An aaive
Whig, he was chairman of the committee which invited Mangum to the Whig rally in 1844 and
a delegate to the State Whig Convention in 1846. Battle, Hist, of U. N. C, I, 422; Grant, Alumni
Hist, of U. N. C, 241; Greensborough Patriot, January 24, 1846.
The Mangum Papers 185
no such ground but simply because Mr. Guion is a good whig
and a gentleman and wants the office. I admit such to the fact
but I submit to those who know me if they have any thing to
complain of me in my conduct of the office: of a proper bearing
in other respects. As to wanting the office I am ashamed to
say that notwithstanding a good deal of good fortune and some
very good strikes I am still much in debt and do not know what
I shall do without it. Please talk to such of your delegation as
you can approach on the subject and write to me whether I
may expect anything from that quarter" —
What do you think of my classmate Mr Polk for president-
We never thought him any great things atho he got the first
honor- the vote of the class would have put Hu Waddell ahead
of him as a man of genius altho he did get the honor. He was
certainly a very ignorant man of all the current knowledge of
the world when he quit college and whether he has gathered
as much as Old Hickory knew when he was made President I
would not pretend to say. But some how or some other how
in my ruminations on this matter I had supposed that it re-
quired something like distinguished qualities to entitle a man
to that office- Some one asked Wm. Cost Johnson if it was a fact
that he was for James K Polk for President. He answered no
sir: I cant go that *'for he is under the standard" on being asked
to explain : he said there is an old statute still in force in Mary-
land that any man may take up and cut any stallion under four-
teen hands high running at large. He considered Mr P. under
14.- I will vouch that Mr. Clay goes ahead of Mr. Graham in
the west. Probably by a large difference.
Very truly
Yours
H. C. Jones
[Addressed : ]
Hon^i^ Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange County
N. C.
186 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Colin Mclver to Willie P. Mangum.^^^
Fayetteville, 10*^ Sept/ 1844.
My dear Sir,
Although, since the origin of our acquaintance, in this place,
more than thirty years ago, I have, occasionally had the privilege
of enjoying a few personal & private interviews with you, at
Washington City and elsewhere; & those, all of a pleasant charac-
ter; yet, I feel some regret, in not being able to say that I have
ever been favoured, even to the amount of a single line, with any
of the productions of your pen. An occasional note from you, I
have, once & again, attempted to elicit; but, as yet, I have herein
been unsuccessful. Will you pardon me, my dear Sir, for making
one effort more;- ( if unsuccessful, probably the last, ) - not, I as-
sure you, with the least desire to provoke you into that state of
mind, in which a Judge, of a former age, yielded to the wishes
of his petitioner, lest he should be wearied by continual im-
portunity;- but, because it would be truly gratifying to me, to
possess some evidence, in a tangible form, that, at least, so far
as you are concerned, political preferment has not superinduced
a foregetfulness of former days. It is true, indeed, that, in each
of my former communications, I did solicit, from you, a par-
ticular favour; & I suppose, that, for reasons perfectly satisfac-
tory to yourself, you judged it best not to grant that favour:
but, yet, there was no need, that you should, therefore, remain
silent. I should be unworthy to be called a disciple of Christ, &
still more unworthy of appearing, publicly, before men, as his
Ambassador, were I incapable of bearing in such a matter, a re-
fusal, without suffering my equanimity to be, in the least de-
gree, disturbed. But, I will not ascribe your silence to any ap-
prehensions of this kind. I will rather take it for granted, that
my letters reached you at inconvenient junctures, when the
public interest pre-occupied all your time, & absorbed all your
attention; & that, when intervals of leisure afterwards occurred,
if my letters met your eye, you had concluded, that the proper
season of responding to them, had passed away. This probably
was especially the case, in relation to my last communication.
It was written about a week before the opening of the last Ses-
sion of Congress, & the original, or first-written draught of it,
*^Compare C. Mclver to W. P. Mangum, November 27. 1843.
The Mangum Papers 187
was forwarded to your residence, in Orange; & a duplicate copy
of it, was sent to the City of Washington.
Ever since I became capable of serious reflection, I have been
in the habit of tracing the hand of Divine Providence, in refer-
ence to all the occurrences of my life; &, in taking a retrospect
of the last forty years, I do not recollect, that I have ever met
with a disappointment, of any kind, which was not, afterwards,
over-ruled, to my advantage. With truth & confidence, I can ap-
ply this remark, to the failure of the object I had, in view,
when I last wrote to you; &, should a similar disappointment
again occur, I doubt not, but it will be speedily followed with
a similar result.
While I was employed, at & about home, in the exercise of
various duties, I was happy to know, that you, & your fellow
members of the Senate, were so faithfully & so ably served, in
the office of Chaplain, by my very worthy & excellent Brother,
The Rev.^ Septimus Tuston. I am sure, however, that he will
not consider it incompatible with the highest fraternal regard
for him, or be disposed to question the sincereity of that re-
gard, should I venture to say that I think he has occupied the
station here alluded to, sufficiently long; & that he might, now
with propriety, at least for a season, yield the special field of
labour, to some other brother- (or, shall I presume to say, to a
Father in Christ?)- who might be desirous of promoting the
spiritual welfare of his country, in the same sphere.
From what I have herein said, you will, doubtless, naturally
infer, that, while I am well pleased that I was disappointed,
last winter, it would, nevertheless, be quite gratifying to me,
if through your kind influence, I could, for the next session of
Congress, be chosen chaplain to the Senate. It is ever so. Are
you disposed to enquire. Why I wish the appointment, during
the ensuing Session, rather than at another time? — I will tell
you. — I have, now, & have had ever since the close of last
winter, a little book ready for the press, which I am desirous to
dedicate to a President of the United States. For reasons, which,
I presume, need not be stated to a man of your discernment, I
will not dedicate it to John Tyler, I wish, therefore, to be in
Washington, when the expected inauguration of Mr. Clay shall
take place, that I may have the pleasure of waiting on him, in
person, to ask his permission to prefix his name to my forth-
coming volume; &, in such an event, I think, there would be a
188 State Department of Archives and History
peculiar appropriateness in my waiting on him, for such a pur-
pose, if, at the same time, I shall have received the appointment
alluded to.
Having said this much, it is proper, that I should here add
a few words, as to the subject-matter of my book. It contains
upwards of 500 sententious, aphoretical maxims, designed to
guide the habitual course of action, of those, who, in conducting
the affairs of State, would desire to regulate their practice by
the principles revealed in the Bible. Such a work, you will
readily say, - if well executed, - would be a very suitable pocket-
companion for every member of Congress. That you may form
some idea of the character of the work I here speak of, I will
fill the next page of this sheet, with some of the maxims it con-
tains by way of specimen.
I hope this will reach you, at an interval of leisure; & find
you free from other engagements, at least so far as to admit of
your devoting a few moments to the gratification of an old
friend.
Anxiously expecting the pleasure of an early communica-
tion from you, I remain, with unfeigned esteem, — My dear
Sir,—
Yours truly,
Colin McIver
A few political maxims
1. Religion & piety are the best securities of a nation.
2. Righteousness supports the government; & will never
shake it.
3. National repentance & reformation, bring national plenty,
peace, & prosperity.
4. Nothing contributes more to the making of a Nation con-
siderable abroad, valuable to its friends, & formidable to
its enemies, than religion reigning in it. For, who can be
against those that have God for them? And He is certainly
for those that are sincerely for [Him].
5. Government is a burthen:- It is a burthen of care & trou-
ble to those who make cons[tant] duty of it; &, to those
who do not, it will prove a heavier burthen, in the day of
account, when they fall under the doom of the unprofitable
servant, that buried his talent.
The Mangum Papers 189
6. They that humble themselves shall be exalted; & those are
most fit for government, who are least ambitious of it.
7. Those make out the best title to public honours, that lay
out themselves the most for the public good, & obtain
mercy of the Lord to be faithful & useful.
8. Better to die in honour, than live in bondage.
9. Those that are employed in public trusts, must not think
to benefit themselves only by their toils & hazards, but
must aim at the advantage of the community.
10. An interest in the affections of the people, is a great ad-
vantage; & a great encouragement to those that were
called to public trusts, of what kind soever.
11. Seest thou a man diligent in his business, & dutiful to his
superiors, willing to stoop, & willing to take pains? He
stands fair for preferment.
12. Those are unfit & unworthy to rule over men, who are not
willing that God should rule over them.
13. Men's preferment, instead of discharging them from their
obedience to God, obliges them so much the more to it.
14. A good ruler cannot think himself happy, unless his
country be so.
15. Two things recommend a man to popular esteem, great-
ness & goodness.
16. We do not hinder our success by preparing for disappoint-
ment.
17. Acts of sincerity are seldom acts of policy.
[Addressed : ]
Hon*>^^ Wyllie P. Mangum Esq"-. M. C.
Red Mountain P. O.
Orange County
North Carolina.
WPM-LC
Thomas Williams, Jr., and others to Willie P. Mangum.
CIRCULAR.'''
[Sept 11 44]
Sir:
The Whigs of Alabama having determined to hold a General
Mass Convention of the State in this place, on Thursday the
^^his is a printed circular.
190 State Department of Archives and History
24th of October next, to make one more struggle for the redemp-
tion of our fair and beautiful state from the thraldom of Loco-
focoism, - we, a committee appointed by the Clay club of this
city, have the honor to invite your presence and aid on that
occasion; believing as we do that the co-operation of our dis-
tinguished fellow^ Whigs w^ill greatly assist us in effecting a
consummation so devoutly to be wished. We shall wait with
much anxiety for your reply.
Very truly yours, &c.
COMMITTEE:
Thos. Williams Jr., Jesse P. Taylor,
J. J. Hutchinson, B. S. Bibb,
J. C. Bates, S. C. Oliver,
S. D. Holt, M. Ashurst,
R. C. CuMMiNGS, Wm. Rives,
T. J. ViCKERS, R. J. Ware,
George Rives, R. C. Bunting.
Montgomery, Ala., Sept. 11th, 1844.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Raleigh, N. C
If misdirected the P. M. will please forward.
WPM-LC
Henry Clay to Willie P. Mangum and Enclosure.
Ashland [Ky.] 1V\ Sept. 1844.
My Dear Sir,
I was very happy to receive your favor of the 23^ of July.
Your election did not turn out quite [as] well as you anticipated,
and its result was the reverse of what was anticipated when I
was at Raleigh, at which time no fears were entertained for the
election of the Governor, but great apprehensions were enter-
tained about the Legislature. What is the present state of your
prospects? Our opponents are manifestly making great exer-
tions every where, and affect if they do not feel great confidence
in the issue of the contest. Their whole system now seems to be
The Mangum Papers 191
directed to the propogation of the most detestable libels and
lies. Is it producing any effect in North Carolina? If I am
to credit the enclosed letter it is doing us mischief there. Do
you know the writers of it? The old story to which they allude
I thought had been buried so low that it could never rise [to]
the surface again. Our friends at Washington have been getting
up an abridged history of all the facts, documents, and proofs
respecting that old story, and if you think it worth while I wish
you would write to Green and have some of them distributed
in your State. The Blair letters to which the enclosed refers, or
rather copies of them are in the possession of Benj. Watkins
Leigh of Richmond with authority to show them to any gentle-
man that may be desirous of perusing them. The truth is that
so far as relates to the charge against me, they contain strong
corroborative proof of its falsity: but they are sportive, play-
ful, and written in all the familiarity of private correspondence,
to the violation of which in any case I do not wish to give my
sanction.
I am greatly obliged to you for the friendly solicitude you
entertain about my health, and I am happy to inform you that
it is now very good. I hope this letter will find yours equally
so. Owing to the great extent of my correspondence, I am
obliged to obtain the assistance of one of my sons who writes
this letter as my amanuensis upon my dictation.
I am always, your friend
And obedient servant-
H. Clay.
The Honble - Willie P. Mangum.
[Addressed:]
The Honble - Willie P. Mangum
President of the Senate
Red Mountain
Orange County
North Carolina.
192 State Department of Archives and History
Enclosure
Halifax N. C. 27th. Augt. 1844
Hon: H. Clay
My dear Sir,
As much has been said in relation to your letter ad-
dressed to Mr. Blair many years ago, in regard to the election
of the Hon: J. Q. Adams to the Presidency, when & where you
were accused of bargain & corruption in that election ;-^^ We
have thought proper to ask of you, if you ever in a solitary in-
stance refused directly or indirectly to permit the letter to be
published, if not, we respectfully ask will you now give your
consent to publish it?
Since the Hon: L. Boyds'-^^ expose of the matter in Con-
gress, the Whigs have been losing ground in this State, and we
have no doubt unless the letter is published Polk & Dallas will
carry it in Nov'', next.
An answer at your earliest convenience is requested —
Respectully
Yr. obt. Svts
Major A. Willcox^^i
W. H. Hardee
[Addressed : ]
Hon: H. Clay
Lexington
Ky.
WPM-LC
Robert Ransom to Willie P. Mangum.
Sepf. 12t\ 1844
D--. Sir
& friend
Your letter in answer to my two,-^^ was reed, and all ar-
rangements made to start to see you this day. But our worthy
^"At the time of the election of 1824 Clay and F. P. Blair were close friends. Clay wrote
Blair several letters during the time that the election was in the hands of the members of the House
of Representatives. Because of the constant reference by the Democrats in the campaign of 1844 to
Clay's part in a "corrupt bargain" in 1823, the Whigs insisted that the correspondence with Blair
be published. Finally on Oaober 7. 1844, Benjamin Watkins Leigh sent to the Richmond Whig
for publication his letter and copies of two letters which Clay had written Blair in 1825. In 1827
Clay had received certified copies of the Blair letters. He sent copies of these to Leigh in the summer
of 1844. Niles' Register, LXVII, 84-85; Van Deusen, Life of Clay, 180-184.
280Linn Boyd, of Tennessee, was a member of Congress as a Democrat in 1835-1837 and 1839-
1855. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 729.
^^Major A. Willcox was a member of the North Carolina legislature in 1825 and 1838. N. C.
Manual, 641, 717.
2«2See above, Robert Ransom to W. P. Mangum, August 8, 1844.
The Mangum Papers 193
and venerable friend Col. Alston, begs me to say to you, that
he is compelled to defer the Visit, until the first week in Ocf.
He finds that he must go to Petersburg on business that cant be
delayed, and hopes he will not incommode your arrangements,
if he does, he wishes you to inform him. He says he will cer-
tainly be at your House by the 7th. or 8th. of Ocf.
I have no news from this county of Dogmatical arristocracy,
we gained 22 votes for Graham, and will add as many more for
Clay. Our Watering places are full to overflowing, a large ma-
jority for Clay.
Hoping this may find you rapidly recovering, & able to do
battle in our Heavenly Cause, I am, as ever your devoted
friend. With Great respect.
RoBT. Ransom.
Honl.
Willie P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Honl. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orrange County N. C.
WPM-LC
Circular of Maine Whig State Central Committee
CIRCULAR.'''
Maine, September 16, 1844.
The State Committee of the Whigs of Maine, deem it their
duty to address this brief note to their friends in other States,
in relation to the result of our recent State Election. We do
this not for the purpose of extenuating our defeat,^^^ or of prom-
ising to remedy the effect, by the next Election in November.
We presume that no one seriously believed that we should suc-
ceed over both the other parties, although some indulged the
hope that we might defeat the choice of Governor by a majority
2«3This is a printed circular.
^^The results in Maine were:
Whig candidate for Governor 24,777
Democratic candidate for Governor 28,863
Anti-Slavery candidate for Governor 3,689
Naturally the Democrats rejoiced that they carried the state over the combined votes of the two op-
ponents. The Whigs, on the other hand, tried to explain away the defeat. National Intelligencer,
September 14. 1844.
194 State Department of Archives and History
of the people, but probably some may be disappointed by the
amount of the majority against us. We confess we have been
somewhat disappointed in the result, so far as the relative votes
of the parties are concerned, - But we beg leave to observe,
1. That we are much more disappointed by the decrease in
the Whig vote, than by the increase of the other party. The
whole vote of the State will about equal the vote of 1840. The
natural increase of population would give our opponents all the
increase which they show by their recent vote. It is quite clear
that many thousand Whigs have not voted, for the sum total of
the whole vote of all parties against the "Democratic," is less
than the Whig vote of 1840.
2. We feel bound to say that this failure to bring out the full
vote was unexpected, and it is the principal object of this letter
to give you this information, in order to enable you to take such
measures as may be necessary to prevent a like result in your
State. The preparation on the part of the Whigs generally, was,
as we believed before the Election, ample and thorough. We had
many public meetings in every County, which were well attend-
ed hy the Whigs, and the great doctrines of the party fully ex-
plained and defended by able, eloquent and untiring advocates.
We have had more and better speaking than ever before. Our
meetings have been full and enthusiastic. We have no doubt that
among thinking men, we had many changes in our favor. The
arguments presented to the people, were clear, calm, cogent, un-
answerable and unanswered.
3. Since the Election we are satisfied that we had not a thor-
ough, perfect and effective detailed organization. We had Com-
mittees enough appointed, but our efforts and our zeal were ex-
pended too much in public gatherings and Club room discussions.
We needed more of the school-district organization, and that ac-
curate and effective arrangement, by which every individual in
every neighborhood is brought out to the polls. We are satisfied
that nothing short of this kind of organization, under the charge
of active, discreet and perservering men, will secure a full
vote of the Whig party anywhere. We have relied too much
upon public gatherings and able arguments. The Whigs have
been there in great numbers, but our opponents have taken
great pains, and generally with success, to keep their party
away from Whig meetings
The Mangum Papers 195
4. Our opponents commenced and carried out a system
based upon misrepresentation and calumny - denouncing Mr.
Clay especially. They appealed constantly to the lowest and
vilest passions and prejudices, and particularly relied upon ex-
citing the hatred of the poor against the rich - the employed
against the employer, the laborer against the man who fur-
nished capital. They represented in every place, and to every
person whom they could reach, publicly or privately, that the
protective system of the Whigs was a scheme devised to in-
crease the profits of Capital, and to depress and injure the
working man - a tax on the farmer for the benefit solely of the
rich manufacturer. They repudiated the principle of protection
as an element in the formation of a tariff, and advocated the reve-
nue principle as the only allowable mode, viz: - such a duty
on every article as will produce the most revenue, irrespective
of the effect on the industry of the Country. They particularly
denounced the duty on iron and sugar, and represented Maine
as suffering grievously for the benefit of Pennsylvania and
Louisianna. We think our friends in those States ought to under-
stand these facts. It is only since the day of the Election, that
we have learned the extent of the influence brought to bear,
to poison the minds of the laborers against the tariff doctrines
of the Whigs. The same influence will be noiselessly, but un-
less met and counteracted, effectively used in other States.
5. Our opponents were furnished from some source, with
a plentiful supply of money - whether it came from English
Manufacturers or Texas bond holders, or office holders or
seekers, or from all, we know not. The fact is certain. And
doubtless the same fund will supply in the same manner, all
the money which can be used advantageously in every other
State.
We have felt it to be our duty to make this communication
to you in a spirit of frankness, to put you into possession of the
facts recited, and in the hope and belief that you may from
these facts and suggestions, derive some hints which may be
of advantage in preparing for the coming contest in your State.
If in any degree the result of our Election has disappointed any
of our friends abroad, we can only hope that our experience
and observation of the mode and manner of conducting the
campaign by our opponents, may enable them to avoid our er-
rors, and to redouble their diligence, to secure the great - the
196 State Department of Archives and History
vital point, a perfect, systematic and detail organization, by
v^hich it shall be beforehand rendered certain that every voter
v^^ill be at the polls. We w^ould especially hope that the business
men, who are most directly and deeply interested in the success
and permancy of Whig principles, v^ill in each State enter into
the contest with the spirit, activity and personal effort, for
which they were distinguished in 1840.
JosiAH S. Little,
Gideon Tucker,
J. WiNGATE Carr,
William C. Hammatt,
Moses L. Appleton,
Richard F. Perkins,
Aaron Hayden,
E. Wilder Farley.
Maine
Whig State
Central
Committee.
WPM-LC
Nathaniel J. Palmer^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
RosEBOROUGH, Sept. 17th 1844
Dear Sir.
We are about to establish a Female Institute of high char-
acter in Milton^^^ to be under the Patronage of the Baptists or
friends of the Baptist cause in four different Associations.
Twelve of the Trustees to reside in the bounds of the Beulah
Association and Six in each of the other Associations. This is to
request that you will permit us to use your name as one of the
Trustees in the Flat River Association. We do not ask you to
assume any responsibility, but simply to give us the influence
of your name and countenance in the promotion of the interests
of the Institution. The Baptists, are the most numerous and
in the aggregate the most wealthy denomination in the State
and I rejoice to see that they are about to take that stand in
2«5See above, I, 414n.
^^Four Baptist associations obtained from the legislature, December 24, 1844, a charter for
the Milton Female Institute. In the charter W. A. Graham, Calvin Graves, and Willie P. Mangum
were among those designated as members of the board of trustees. The school was opened January
1, 1845. In 1849 the charter was amended to permit the same trustees to operate the Beulah Male
Academy. G. W. Paschal, "Baptist Academies in North Carolina," N. C. Hist. Review, XXVIII, 51;
N. C. Laws, 1844-1845. 148-150.
The Mangum Papers 197
the promotion of education which will elevate their character
and extend their influence. Judge Settle, Mr. Kerr and other
gentlemen of high standing will be numbered with the Trus-
tees.
I should be pleased if you could visit Milton or Yanceyville
before the Presidential Election. Our County Court meets the
30th of this month. Can you not be there then. The Baptist
State Convention which will probably be the largest Religious
Assembly ever convened in the State will meet in Raleigh on
the Friday preceding the 3rd Sabbath in October. Please write
to me on the receipt of this
Yours truly,
Nathaniel J. Palmer.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum,
Red Mountain,
Orange County,
N. C.
Politeness of
G. W. Jomes Esqr.
WPM-LC
John Sergeant and others to Willie P. Mangum.
Philada Septr 17, 1844
Dear Sir,
It has been determined to hold a Grand Convention of the
Whigs of the Eastern Counties of Penna in the City of Philada
on Tuesday the 1st. day of October. — The importance of the
State Election which takes place in the following week autho-
rizes this appeal to the patriotism of our Whig brethren through-
out the State and the Union. — We invite you earnestly & spe-
cially to come amongst us on this occasion.- It is an invitation
not tendered as a matter of form. — We sincerely desire the op-
portunity at our own home to testify anew our high sense of
your public services and to have the opportunity of exhibiting
to you the enthusiasm of the Whigs of Pennsylvania.
198 State Department of Archives and History
We are, very respectfully
Your friends,
John Sergeant Charles Gibbons
JosiAH Randall Sam W. Weer
William B. Reed Jas. Txaguain[?] [Brynais]
Henry White Jacob Strattan
Jos R Chandler Alexander H Freeman
Melor Mowboyd [illegible] John H Withers
Hon : W. P Mangum
North Carolina —
Free
J. R. Ingersoll
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co.
North Carolina
WPM-LC
R. J. MitcheW^'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
[Sept. 27, 1844]
1842. Hon. W. P. Mangum,
July 22. To R. J. Mitchell Dr.
To Subscription to the Oxford Mercury
from 29th Dec. '41. to Sept. 8th. 1843.— $5.00
Oxford, N. C. Sept. 27, '44.
Dear Sir: - Enclosed I send you your account up to the end of
the time I was publisher of the Mercury. You will confer a
2«7The Oxford Mercury and Dtstrtct Telegram was published by John Cameron 1841-1843.
C. H. Wiley was the editor. Check List of U. S. Newspapers in Duke General Library, IV, 590.
The Mangum Papers 199
favor by forwarding it as early as convenient. If you wish to
pay for the present year, I am authorized to receipt for the
same.
Yours very respectfully,
R. J. Mitchell
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co.
N. C.
WPM-LC
David Lambert to Willie P. Mangum.
New York, Sept. 29th. 1844
Hon. Willie P. Mangum,
Dear Sir,
You will probably be somewhat surprised at receiving a
letter from me dated at this City, and perhaps still more when
I inform you that I have taken up my residence here- I effected
the exchange into the Custom House here through Gov. Van
Ess^^^ which I had expected to effect thro' Mr. Ferris had the
latter been confirmed as Collector- My family have not yet
joined me but I expect Fredrica and our oldest boy early next
month- I presume you have heard that we have had the mis-
fortune of losing the infant-
New York is in a state of great excitement now in reference
to politics- Meetings of both parties are held almost every
night- The Whig meeting of Thursday night was really a great
affair- The papers have doubtless given you some account of
it and also of the outrageous assault made on a portion of the
Whig procession by the infamous wretches of the Empire Cluh -
Cassius M[arcellus] Clay of Ky. is here, and with Mr. Webster
ae8Q)rnelius Peter Van Ness 1782-1852, a former governor of New York and minister to
Spain in 1829-1837. Tyler appointed him CoUeaor of Customs at New York in 1844. Polk at
first retained him in this office, but Van Buren soon had him removed. M. M. Quaife ( ed, ) , The
Diary of James K. Polk During His Presidency, 1845-1849. 1910, I, 95; F. J. Jameson (ed.).
Correspondence of John C. Calhoun, A. H. A. Annual Report for 1899, H. 532, 1004. 1038, 1039.
200 State Department of Archives and History
will address a meeting at Syracuse this week- Leslie Combs-*^^
has been here and is doing his best. J. N. Reynolds-'^^ is making
a great noise, and our good friend Jos. Hoxie continues to sing
Whig songs and make speeches.
Meanwhile the Democrats are not idle- They are exerting
themselves to the uttermost, and have certainly made a great
hit in the nomination of Silas Wright, while our friends picked
out one of their feeblest men in Fillmore, -^^ who has no personal
popularity and labors under the disadvantage of not being
generally known-
I confess I am by no means sanguine that the Whigs will
carry the State- The leaders certainly are indefatigable, but
there is nothing like the enthusiasm that was displayed here
in 1840. The event however must soon be known-
Capt. Tyler made an excellent appointment in the case of
Gov. Van Ess-He is an excellent officer, and gives his time ex-
clusively to the legitimate business of his office- I know not
when so large a proportion of the public revenues could be de-
posited in safer or more competent hands
Should any thing occur here of a political character likely
to be interesting I will take the pleasure of addressing you
again soon
Meanwhile believe me
Respectfully & truly yours
David Lambert-
We are in the midst of a violent equinoctial gale which will
probably do serious damage to the shipping- I am residing close
to the Battery and it is a beautiful sight to look out at the bay,
covered with shipping, dashed in every direction by the waves.
I never saw so rough a Sea in the Bay as at this moment-
2<50Leslie Combs was a Kentucky Whig who served as a member of the Kentucky legislature and
who wrote pamphlets and made speeches against Jackson. He was an ardent supporter of Clay.
Bassett (ed.). Cor. of Jackson, III, 379, 380, 439, 440; D. A. B., IV, 328.
^^^J. N. Reynolds had been very active in the campaign of 1840. He declined being a candidate
for the New York legislature in that year in order that he might give more time to the election of
Harrison. He was president of the Central Democartic Republican Committee of Tippecanoe and
other Harrison associations in New York City. In 1844 he supported Clay with the same enthu-
siasm. Hillsborough Recorder, November 12, 1840.
^^^Seward had selected Millard Fillmore to be the Whig candidate for governor. Wright won
by a majority of 10,030, and Polk carried the state by a 5010 majority. Niles' Register, LXVII, 208.
The Mangum Papers 201
WPM-LC
jS. Starkweather^'^ ^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Sunday 30 Sept 1844
My Dear Friend,
As I told you some time since we have been much distressed
by Mr. Clay's letter relative to Cassius M Clay ,2^^ but are par-
tially recovering from it- I have just met and old most intelli-
gent friend from michigan who says the state was safe before
but that now he thinks we have little or no chance - Yet I hope
our friends will rally again. The great meeting here last thurs-
day has been powerful in its effects and an entirely new feel-
ing is among us It was most unfortunate that Van Buren was
withdrawn Polk is a much harder candidate for us —
The contest with us will be hard & close. If N. Jersey &
Pennsylvania go against us by small votes & we carry Ohio N
York is safe- But if we lose all these States & by a discouraging
vote next month all is lost.
Yours truly
S. Starkweather
[Addressed : ]
Hon W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co
N Carolina
WPM-LC
John H. Pleasants and others to Willie P. Mangum,
CIRCULAR.''^
To
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Richmond, October 1, 1844.
Sir,
The undersigned have been designated as a Committee of
Invitation by the Central State Whig Committee, to act in con-
^^See above, 154.
^^In the course of the campaign of 1844 many attributed Henry Qay's opposition to annexa-
tion to abolitionism. Clay's cousin, Cassius M. Clay, gave grounds for this accusation. In traveling
in the anti-slavery regions and speaking for his kinsman, Cassius Clay encouraged the anti-slavery
people to believe that Henry Clay was opposed to slave expansion. The South, as a result, became
less enthusiastic about Clay's candidacy. Henry Clay, therefore, repudiated his cousin. Van Deusen,
Life of Clay, 371-372; Poage, Henry Clay and the Whig Party, 140.
^*This is a printed circular.
202 State Department of Archives and History
junction with the Williamsburg Committee, in inviting guests
to the York Town Convention, on the 18th and 19th of October,
in pursuance of the request of the latter; and in discharge of
that duty, have the honor of requesting your presence on the
occasion.
We beg leave to say that we regard the York Town Conven-
tion as of very great, and perhaps decisive importance. We
feel persuaded, from the most authentic intelligence, that it is
quite within the power of strenuous exertion to retrive that
Congressional District to the Whigs, and to replace it where it
stood in 1840. To succeed in this effort, is almost certainly to
succeed in securing the vote of Virginia to her native son, Henry
Clay - an object, next to that of his election, not only of high
political importance, but of the greatest personal solicitude to
every Whig. We therefore emphatically ask your cooperation.
We have the honor to be &c.
John H. Pleasants,
Saml. F. Adie,
Jas. W. Pegram,
John A. Meredith,
R. T. Daniel,
Thos. Nelson, M. D.
A. L. Warner, M. D.
CIRCULAR— #2.
Richmond (alias Great coon Den) Oct. Ist^^^
1844
Little Coon Den 1. P M
My Dear Judge
In haste I drop you a few lines & to forward you an invita-
tion by the request of the Committee — Come my good Friend,
come! Come do, and you shall be protected from all Edmond's
& such trash —
I shall write today to friends Crittenden, (slim Jim) More-
head, Garret Davis, Genl. Combs, Foster and Jarnagan, also
Schanks of Ohio, ( I don't know that I have spelt his name right )
''^This letter is written on the same sheet as the preceding printed invitation.
The Mangum Papers 203
consequently have but little time to say much to you — I have a
long message from Jno. H. Pleasants to you which you shall have
at another time — Suffice for the present, he desires his best re-
spects to you — I have sent to you occasionally the Enquirer,
Time & Compiler & Whig Standard, and to day send you the En-
quirer, Compiler & Standard — We are all well — My old Gourd,
& Alexander desire their best wishes & respects to you — May
this find you & family well
Yr Friend
W. Claiborne
To Hon. Willie P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
To
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
N. C.
WPM-LC
A. M. Burton^'^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Beatysford 2^^. October 1844
My dear Sir
Having just emerged from an attack of fever it might be
supposed that the politics of the country occupied but a small
portion of my time or thoughts; The approaching Presidential
election is a subject of too much importance to every American
to be disregarded.
You will I am certain acting upon the principle pardon the
liberty I take in making a suggestion to you; the great Western
reserve as it is properly called will have a meeting at Morgan-
ton on the 17. 18 & 19^^ of this month they are very desirous
that you attend it, Allow me then my dear Sir to ask and en-
treat you in my own name and that of the whigs of No. Ca that
you make this small sacrafice to the great cause in which we
all feel so deep an interest.
27^Alfred M. Burton, the son of Continental Congressman, Robert Burton of Granville County,
graduated from the University. He married Elizabeth FuUenwider and moved to Beatty's Ford, where
he praaiced law most of his life. Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine, II, 274-
277; Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C, 87.
204 State Department of Archives and History
The impression I am fearful is gaining ground in the West-
ern part of the State, that the Whigs in the Middle and Eastern
part of the State do not care for the West except on the day of
Election; this may produce a paralysis which would be danger-
ous to our cause.
I do not know any gentleman in the state who has it in his
power to render as great service in counteracting this dangerous
state of feeling as yourself. Let me therefore beg of you to
come.
Spend if you can some time amongst us, and if convenient
make my house your head quarters; you are hereby invited and
solicited to spend as much time with me as convenient- there
is yet much to be done in this month; if we can prevent any
sectional jealousy, or allay the excitement which I am fearfull
may arise all will he well and safe.
You will please to understand me as writing without author-
ity or consultation with any one; it, my letter is the offspring of
my own judgement, and observation; if ever it is in the cause
of freedom as I verily believe, I may have too much feeling but
it is in a noble cause-
Since I have become a farmer by profession I never hear
from you; yet I examine and approve your course; God grant
you success
Accept assurances of my high regard
I have the honour to be very truly your friend
and Obt Sevt
A. M. Burton
[Addressed : ]
The Hon^^^ Willie P. Mangum Esqr.
Red Mountain
No. Ca
Mail) The post master at Hills^^. will please
forward as soon as possible and oblige a friend.
The Mangum Papers 205
WPM-LC
Nicholos Carroll to Willie P. Mangum.
180 Prince St
New York Oct. 7th 1844
My dear Sir
I am grieved to learn of your illness. -^^ I hope it will not tye
you to your bed & room when your spirit is thirsty with the
great excitement.
I am very sure I can beat your doctor this morning in the
remedy I shall minister to your ailment.
We are sure of the vote of New York - of the State of New
York. The very best feeling prevails throughout and we were
never so united as at this moment. Reconcilement has been the
order of the day, and those who have been alienated within all
the past four years now centre like brothers to a common stand-
ard. In the City we will do the best we can and as the avowed
& open design, of those who have hitherto been straight laced
& puritanical in their creed, to yield up all prejudices and go
in the brodest & strongest sense for Union, is now manifest, why
may we not hope for success even in the City? When we can be
strengthened by so doing v/e coalesce with others - and stand on
our own ground only where we cannot gain by alliances. The City
has been canvassed even to the obscurest alley & lowest den
and the inmates, floating & resident, polled to a man. Of this
we are assured, if the vote is honestly cast we have the City by
2,000 — The great importance which attaches to the election in
this City is that 13 members of Assembly will probably de-
termine at all events 1 and perhaps 2 U. S. Senators. That is the
state here. But the State - the 36 Electoral votes are sure for
Henry Clay - It has been good for us that Mr Wright was nomi-
nated— Every nerve of the Whig Party has been called forth
and they are in the field night & day with all their energy and in
the majesty of that might which can insure the best half of
520.000 votes-
New Jersey is not in Capt Stockton's breeches pocket. We
only fear colonizing — Preparations to effect this have been
^■"During the summer of 1844 Mangum attended a great many mass meetings and became the
leader of the Whig program in North Carolina. As a result, he was exhausted and became seriously
ill in August. His recuperation was slow, for his lungs were aflfeaed. His illness prevented his par-
ticipation in the rallies until near the end of the campaign. Hillsborough Recorder, September 5.
24, 1844; Raleigh Register, October 1, 1844.
206 State Department of Archives and History
made to a very great extent but it w^ill be met by an over-
whelming effort by the Jersey Blue, now thoroughly roused &
incensed and they will defend their ballot boxes with their lives.
It is a deep matter of regret that already a determined spirit
of violence has been apparent. The Whigs have determined to
carry out the adage "forewarned - forearmed."
Pennsylvania we hope the best - Appearances are in our
favor — If we are beat there it will be because it has been made
apparent to the people that James K. Polk is a protective Tariff
man & Henry Clay a Free Trade disorganizer. Delaware has
filled her cup of glory full for treason was rife there - oh Judge
beware Bayard, nor has Maryland been wanting —
The East and North are all right. We will have Vert. Mass.
R. I. Connt. N. Y. & N. J. - then Del. Md. will Virginia join the
Line? then N. Ca. Geo. La. Tenne. Ina. Ky. & Ohio- This is our
count.
I wish your complaint had been more civil & given us the
pleasure of your society for a while — My dear Judge there is
no heart beats for Henry Clay in this quarter, that warms to him
i6nselfishly that does not include you in the same warm home
The news of your convalescence will be as agreeable to them
as the tidings of a State in doubt voting Whig.
I wonder if your physician wont order you North to recruit
so as to be here on the 23d of this month. We are to have a sort
of National Convention & Festival then and from appearances it
will be enormous & will give an impetus that will carry us
gloriously into & past the Ides of November. Why can't you
come?
At all events dear sir regard your health first & foremost- A
good many of us feel as if we would like to nurse you if we
could help you along - but any way we want to hear that you
are better - that you are well
With earnest & respectful esteem & regard
Faithfully
Yr friend & sert.
NiCHS. Carroll
Hon Willie P Mangum
The Young News State Convention at Rochester on the 2^
numbered 60,000 & upwards — It was very - very enthusiastic.
There were thousands there, speaking almost literally who had
The Mangum Papers 207
voted for Van Buren in 1840- This is a pregnant fact. Mr
Clay's last letter ( I am glad it is his last) will put us on the
highest ground in these quarters & its effect is already telling
for us everywhere.
I enclose a table of Maryland's vote - 1500 non residents
voted in Bait. City. The fact is pregnant. By fraud and vio-
lence, the party leaders have maped out their operations. The
result in Maryland is most happy considering the unhallowed
means used by the Locos. A Maryland friend assures me that
$200,000 & upwards were used by the Locos in that State. They
will make us no fight there in November- If New Jersey &
Pennsylvania do their duty tomorrow the game is played. Mr
Clay will sweep everything like Prarie fire. 22 States then
would be a small count- I shall watch & pray & enclose you the
earliest returns
WPM-LC
Walter A. Mangum to Priestley H. Mangum,
[Oakland Mississippi]
October 9th 1844—
Dear Sir,
This is to inform you that we are yet in the land of the
living, but I dont know how soon it may be some of us next.
The people are dropping off every day around us like the leaves
from the trees- This morning Mrs. William M. Sneed departed
this life at 7 oclock, & her husband has been very low. Albert
Sneed, his wife & 2 of his children are very sick & I have but
little hopes of him, - We have had more sickness this season
than we have had in 5 years past all together & more fatal,
nearly all the sickness is disposed to Congestion, it is not un-
comon for a man to be in good health & die in 3 hours. There
has dyed about 100 persons within 10 miles of me since the 1st
of last June- We are looking forward to frost for releaf , it would
be useless in me to attempt to describe the distress on the Miss-
issippi river anywhere within 50 miles- There is no doubt our
sickness is produced by the great overflow- You know Alex-
ander Murphy who married Womacks daughter he was living
in my County & he, & 3 of his children is dead - his wife & their
208 State Department of Archives and History
2 other children came near to dying — She is now with her
mother some 70 miles north of me — I have had some little
sickness but of the common order both in my White & Black
family- Our crops are good particular cotton my crop will make
400 lbs picked Cotton to the acre — I have delayed mailing this
letter till today the 17th - inconsequence of the illness of my
wife- She is at the point of death of Congestive fever, I think
there is a great probabilty the next time you hear from her, it
will be of her death- Capt Sneed & his wife is thought to be
some better this morning - but very ill - Thos. Gooch is quite
sick - I am determined to leave the Mississippi vally - do write
me the health of your country this season & particularly the
health of yours & Willie's family-
We have no frost yet & our sickness still rages with vio-
lence—
Yours with respect &c.
W. A. Mangum
To P. H Mangum
[Postmarked:] Oakland Mi Oct 2 1«*
[Addressed : ]
Priestley H. Mangum Esqr.
Hillsboro
Orange County
[North] Carolina
WPM-LC
William ChurchilP^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York Octr 11 1844
My Dear Sir.
I have been pained to see in the Newspapers notices that
you had been seriously ill, but without mentioning in what
manner you were afflicted, or its extent. This causes me great
anxiety, which is shared by all the members of my family, and
I hear frequent expressions of interest from those who have
not, like us, had the pleasure of social intercourse with you. —
With them, this may be mainly induced by their estimate of the
^^He was a manufacturer of bird cages in New York City. New York City Directory for 1843
and 1846, p. 75.
The Mangum Papers 209
important services you would continue to render the great in-
terests of our country at this interesting period. —
Will it, - my Dear Judge - be trespasing to ask you to let
me know how your health is: if you are able to write without
inconvenience?
The Whigs here are in high spirits and I think are better
organized and quite as earnest as in 1840. —
Being just recovering from severe illness, - I have not been
able to work for the good cause so much as I wished to do, in a
humble way, nor to attain full data upon which to form a posi-
tive judgement of the vote of this state. But from all I can learn
of intelligent individuals from the interior and in the City,
I have strong hopes that New York will go for Mr. Clay - not-
withstanding the strength of the Loco foco candidates for Gov.
and Lieut Govr. —
My family are in usual health and unite in earnest wishes
for your speedy restoration to health with.
My Dear Sir
Yours Faithfully
& Respy
Wm. Churchill
To Hon W. P. Mangum [Addressed:]
Red Mountain, „ tttiv -d -mt ^
^ p Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
North Carolina
)S. Starkweather to Willie P. Mangum.
N. York. 13. Oct 44.
Hon W P Mangum
Dear Sir
If you accost the Whig watchman here, "with what of
the night?" he responds be of good cheer, all is well, the day is
beginning to dawn. The late election in Cont. has put that State
beyond doubt, we have carried N Jersey, Del. Maryland, are
carrying Ohio, & proved our powers to carry Penn. —
These results have rendered N. York unqualifiedly safe.
Ohio will give us a good vote probably 7000. At least so it looks
210 State Department of Archives and History
this morning- I write you to say N. York is safe. Your friend
N P Tallmadge & his brother L. B. the judge, have gone fully
over to John Tyler & so I knew they intended last winter but
you would not believe it - we have had some fears of Georgia,
but this mornings mail has relieved us though the vote will be
close. Can you not give your neighbor a little aid. Gen. Clinch
went from these a little discouraged about three weeks since
But like a noble Roman as he is went home to share in the con-
flict. The Whigs are in high spirits and full of exultation but
be assured they will not relax in their exertions until the clos-
ing of the balot Box
You may say to all friends N. York is safe. Mr. Clays last
letter was called for & has saved us.
In haste truly Yours
S. Starkweather.
[Addressed:]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain.
Orange Co
N Carolina
WPM-LC
James C. Mangham^''^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Bethel
Glynn County Georgia 13th October, 1844
Honerable W. P. Mangum
Dr Sir I am well & a bold plebian & truly hope this may find-
you & your sweat family in the same good health - please excuse
my Boldness in atempting to trouble you with reading my im-
perfect Letter the time has been when I felt proud to heare of
your High Station in Life, but now feel mortifyed to find you
side with Mr. Clay - you as a southern Man 2d in command. In
administering the general government, & could turn the tables
in my oald beloved state are you to yield to the will of the self
styled whigs of the grate Union - may God for Bid it, you have
been chided By Mr Clay on the Senate floor, you in the Last
^^See above, I, 84.
The Mangum Papers 211
Whig Convention have been over Lookt by that party an or-
dinary man taken in your stead, for your Honours sake your
countrys sake come and go with us we will Doo the Good -, can
you Indorse the public conduct of Mr Clay & vote for him for
president Oh that your God may Guide you Right, it is a Last-
ing Lorel on the Braw of him that will leave the wrong & cleve
to the right way It was a Democratic government Delivered to
us by the Blood washt Band, and for the sake of your free
Blood that follows after you, I would not try to have you change
policy as knowing you have Sterling worth, but the wisest man
may be Deceived - the south would a have been pleased to a
have made you president some years ago - and would yet if you
would take the right side- My heart feels what I write if you
help Clay to the presidency. Dont, pray dont fasten on us a
Institution for a [illegible] may endanger the Union, not alter
our glorious Constitution, that has been the first step taken
always, to overthrow all republics. Doo examine both sides of
policy - and chuse impartially for your God & your country
there will be more rejoicing over the return of one Neglected
sinner than over 99 just pursons- I Battled with you in your
virgin policy for our Crawford in vain - for Jackson Twice -
for Vanburen Twice, the 2d time in vain, and Now for my
Country - and think with success-, T. B. King - put me Down,
and there I am Content to stay - I have Laboured 40 years for
the public in Glynn County, Ga — have never changed my pol-
icy for the sake of office Neither do I wish you to Doo it but I
can tell you that the flatterey of J. M. Berrien, will never bene-
fit you, Neither will the Clay party - his ambition is known -
the former - Deceipt is known Clays changes & British Guilt is
known - Mr. Berriens federalism is known - his changes is
known - he was opposed to the last war - would Brook the Brit-
ish insults - and oppression - the Decendence of Britons &
France, here - is whigs - the first from hatred to Jackson the
2d from Hatred to Jackson & Vanburen, from giving payment
by the french of the 25 millions of Francks - the 3d party is
under T. B. Ks ControU, same stripe yankeys. - Soft sawder
& Ham oriaturecrates (these 3 partys rules the County - and
trys to rule the whole seaboard of Georgia - but cant Cum it - I
wish you to answer this Letter - or the Next will be but short -
as I will [illegible] then write and to the purpose — I Love you
212 State Department of Archives and History
and all that has my Blood in there vains- Both the Carringtons
& Mangums — our worthy old Gramp is for us
I am your obt Sevt
Jas. C. Mangham
Jackson do-Benton do- [several lines are badly torn]
Colquet Cooper Black
Gilmer - Seborn Jones
Black, Cheves Chappel
Oald - Virginia
Honest John Tyler and
his friends - all the South,
that has rightly Judged - is for us
the northern Whigs [illegible] against us
then Let us be unitted at the South for
the sake of our Dearest rights
and not promote the v^higs for the sake of office
Nor suffer Adams & Clay to Dictate save the republic
for Gods sake & your Country sake
Adams calls on 3/5 Negroes - Clay says one
thing yonder yesterday - says another thing here to Day,
Oh our Best Blood is in Texas holding out thare
Hands to us as Drov^nding men for help —
Doo grant it.-
[Addressed : ]
To
the Honble W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co. North Caro.
[Postscript]
I Nurst you on my knees many be the times I have w^orkt
for your father under the v^hip as a poor orphan. I have been
abused by your uncle Nathaniel Carrington many years - I
pray for you all in Common w^ith the rest of my Countrymen. I
must quit - though have not said half anough if I am Drunk
you must Excuse it, for it is v^ith Ignorance and not w^ith spirits
for I have not taken a Drink for the sake of Drink in 73 years.
During w^hich time I have w^atcht every public man in the union
Even the old Roman Jackson - watcht Clays Disobedience to
his State and you to yours - both w^as wrong.
The Mangum Papers 213
WPM-LC
Jas. Auchincloss^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York, Octr. 15. 1844.
Dear Sir,
Not knowing a solitary individual on whom I can bestow it
more worthily than your good self, I have placed in the hands of
Mr. Phenix^^^ a walking stick cut from off the broad acres of
the noble old "Farmer of Ashland." Your acceptance of which
I have to request. It will go to Washington when Phenix starts
for his Congressional labors, and, doubtless, if he is chary of his
eloquence ordinarily, he will be unusally impressive when he
presents it to you in propria persona.
In offering you this souvenir I wish, my respected Sir, that
I had something more worthy of your acceptance, as I am
sincerely desirous of testifying my respect for you as a man and
as a Statesman of unfaltering integrity: When others have
wavered you have stood by your "gun." Would, alas, my dear
Sir, that I could say as much of some who were in times of yore
the very "embodiment" of Conservatism if not "of Whiggery."
With true regard
and unqualified rspect,
I am Dear Sir,
Yours always,
Jas: Auchincloss.
P. S. I trust that you have entirely recovered from your indis-
position, and that you will be found at your post by and by
completely restored in health.- We are extremely anxious rela-
tive to this State for Mr. Clay, but have strong hopes of carrying
it. Joshua A. Spencer told me a few days ago that it would go
by 20.000 for Clay. If the Locos do not cheat too much we shall
carry it- but still we are exceedingly anxious, as you may sup-
pose.
J. A.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum,
Red Mountain,
Orange Co.
No. Ca.
280See above. III, 216n.
28iSee above. III, 135n.
214 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum.
180 Prince St— [New York City,]
Tuesday Oct 15th/44
My dear Sir.
The elections of the past week have assured us that the old
Whig States are true but we gain nothing —
While there is nothing to dishearten there is proof positive
that we want the whip & spur unceasing- There is no time for
laying on our oars. At the utmost we foot up 133 votes as sure.
Mr Clay's election I consider certain That is not enough. When
the Sun went down on Wednesday night he was President elect-
But this is not enough- We owe to him - to the country that he
should not be bolstered but magnificently supported- We have
lost 15 members of the 29th Congress, outrageously lost them.
We have Vert. Mass. R. I. Connt. N. J. Del. Md. N. Ca. Geo. La.
Tenn. Ind. Ky. & Ohio- We have for the next congress In Maine
2 members in Vert. 3. in R. I. 2 in Geo. 5 in Pa 10 in Ala 2 in
La. 1. 111. 1 in Ohio 9-35 members. We expect 10 in Mass. 4 in
Connt. 18 in N. Y. 3 in N. J. 5 in Md. 7 in Va. 5 in N. Ca. 1 in
S. Ca. 4 in Miss. 7 in Ind. 7 in Tenn. 7 in Ky 2 in Michigan - 80
members - making 115 members- 112 in a majority- There will
be 5 'Natives'- The impression is that in effect they will be
Whigs - but we must not count on this - we must have 115
straight out reliable Whigs-
Upon N. Y. Pa. or Va. will probably depend the bestowal of
'the purple.' We believe New York under all contingencies will
vote for Mr Clay by at least 10,000. Indeed that is the worst
aspect the case presents. This estimate is predicated on a Loco
majority of 2,000 in this City. The events of the past week has
determined that, Mr Clay will go out of this City & County by
2 to 4,000— How so? Why I can't tell except that the Native
Ticket will elect their Assembly ticket — a State Senator & 2
members of Congress We will elect 2. There will be no Union yet
somehow this result is now generally understood. Tammany is
great on cheating & fraud- But they took their lessons from the
the men who are now the wire pullers for the Natives.
We can say earnestly & truthfully that we are full of hope-
We cannot be sure because the trial must be made first. Since
The Mangum Papers 215
Wright was nominated - the first blush of his giant like strength
has been succeeded by a determination to beat him. His actual
& life-long consistency in opposing Internal Improvement State
or Federal will cost him thousands of votes. The Total Abstin-
ence men will 5 out of 6 of those associated as sons of Temper-
ance vote against him on that ground alone. This is a queer
fact - but nevertheless true. You may judge of their importance
from the fact that only a portion of them were out in procession
yesterday and they numbered some 4,000. I think if you were
here & could understand all the moves of the chess board you
would het on our winning.
But we can't afford to lose an electoral vote- We must not
do it- It is not too late to save the 29th Congress. If a true can-
vass of the chances for carrying a majority of the whole has
been made out- our friends should be informed when there is
a chance of making a fight & by united effort to carry disputed
ground.
Many stories are told of Pennsylvania: that we lost one
Whig County, Bucks, by the lie that Markle could not read or
write; 2^2 another by representing him as the avowed advocate
of destroying, root & branch, the Catholic Church; they say
too *'Shunk will vote for Clay" - this was one mode of attack -
while he lent himself to the story by stumping for the Tarijf as
it is without amendment, modification, or repeal. It is feared
that 3000 Natives voted for Shunk. It is feared that in 7 counties
the abolition vote is 3,300. It is proved that some 6 to 7000
whigs voted for Shunk- Now we dont say that Mr Clay will
carry Pa - but we do say that Henry Clay's vote will be more
than 10,000 over Shunk's vote. My advices from Va. carefully
collected assures us of that State. The evidences of this result
are quite strong. I don't know what your information as re-
gards Va. is - but I know that we feel surer of the vote of New
York than of Virginia.
I mean to betray no fear - but I want no stone left un-
turned - for we cannot spare the vote of a man. Victory at all
cost & every hazard, would be meet - but to triumph even to
the extinction of Loco-ism is the aim of New York.
We want to see you very much- We want to hear of your
health & well being- We want to know that you are better -
convalescent - well- It is a real disappointment that we are de-
a82See above, 161, 179-180.
216 State Department of Archives and History
nied the pleasure of welcoming you here but we will be cheered
to know that your health is surely & rapidly mending- With
sentiments of respectful affection & esteem
Faithfully
Yr friend & Sert.
N. Carroll
Judge Mangum
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to Willie P. Mangum.
New York
October 18 1844
My Dear Sir.
On my return from Europe six weeks since, I found here
your kind letter of the 20th April last, which arrived after I
sailed, & which should have been forwarded to me. I ought to
have acknowledged the rect. of it sooner; but my return was
the signal for a general furlough to my assistants, & I have
consequently been alone with the work of three persons on my
shoulders. I now however, am compelled to write you on a
matter of business.
In March last, Alexander PowelP^^ of no inconsiderable
notoriety, commenced an action against me for Libel laying his
damage at $10,000! — now the scamp is bringing the matter to
trial. Of his worthlessness there can be no doubt; & it is equally
true that we published no more than what his conduct justified.
But I am without proof. You kindly gave most of the facts in
his case to my worthless compatriot who so timely went to
Wisconsin ;^^'^ and to you therefore, I apply in my difficulties,
satisfied that you will do all in your power to get me out of
them. Will you at your earliest convenience let me hear from
you on this subject?
Politically things look as well to me as I could desire; but
then I am more sanguine than my friends & not easily driven
from a position which my judgment tells me is right. Acting
ss^See above. III, 467n.
2^He probably refers to David Lambert, who formerly was a correspondent of Webb's paper
and in 1844 became the editor of a Wisconsin newspaper
Courtesy of Prick Art Reference Library
James Watson Webb, 1802-1884. From the oil portrait by Henry Inman in the pos-
session of Vanderbilt Webb of New York City.
The Mangum Papers 217
on my own judgment & in opposition to the opinions of my
friends, I assure you that this State will give more than 15.000
for Clay. How much more I will not say lest you should think
me demented. I am almost as confident of Penn. & Virginia;
though the latter is somewhat doubtful by all accounts. The
truth is, Clay will have many if not quite Harrison's majority
in the Electoral College. Our Native Americans in this City &
PhiP. will generally act with us.
Truly your friend
J. Watson Webb
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
Willie P. Mangum to Albert B. Dodd.^^'
/North Carolina/
Red Mountain, 18*^. Octo: 1844.
My dear Sir.
Will you pardon the liberty of one - an entire stranger to
you, personally - who begs to introduce to you, the son of one of
his best friends?
M"". Sterling R. Cain,^^^ who will hand you this, was arrested
some two years ago, at one of our Colleges, in his Course, by
bad health. - He is the son of my brother-in-law, & in whose
well doing, I feel a deep interest. - Since he left school, he has
been engaged in agricultural labors, & seems to be well, & ro-
bust. - He desires to finish his Collegiate Course at Princeton,
The "Alma Mater" of some of the most distinguished names
that ever graced the public history of N^. Ca: - Indeed, one of
his uncles - the brother of his mother - who is now the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of N^. Ca : is a graduate of Prince-
ton College. -
He may have to devote some months, in a private Course,
to enable him to join one of the classes in College. -
Will you be so obliging, as to aid his inexperience by your
valuable advice & Counsels? -
2^The original is in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Albert B. Dod was a Presbyterian
preacher and professor of mathematics at Princeton University. In 1844 the University of North
Carolina conferred the D.D. degree upon him. Battle, Hist, of U. N. C, I, 485; D. A. B., V,
338-339.
28«Sterling Ruffin Cain was the son of William Cain, Jr. and Mary (Ruffin) Cain. He died in
1853. Hillsborough Recorder, October 12, 1853; Groves, The Alstons and Allstons of North and
South Carolina, 423-424.
218 State Department of Archives and History
He has talent & decision of Character, & is Capable under
favorable circumstances, of reflecting honor on himself & his
family. -
I am sensible of the great liberty, I have taken in v^rriting
thus freely to one knov^n to me only by reputation, & so freely
making requests - But to that distinguished reputation, I trust,
you w^ill ascribe quite as much of this burthen, as to my bold-
ness. -
May I further ask, that your Counsels & friendly guidance
may be given to him freely, as far as may be compatible w^ith
your public duties, & personal convenience?
With profound respect
I am My dear Sir
Your Mo. ob*. Ser^
Willie P. Mangum
To Professor
Albert B. Dodd
*
[^Endorsed:] Hon: W. P. Mangum
Willie P. Mangum
Pres. pro tem. U. S. Senate, and
Acting Vice-President during
part of the Presidency of John
Tyler.
WPM-LC
Dennis Heartt to Willie P. Mangum.
Hillsborough, Nov. 11 1844-
Dear Sir:- According to promise I send you all the returns I am
in possession of; but the complexion of them is not so favorable
as w^e could w^ish.
Our own state has done very v^ell. In 52 counties Clay has
gained upon the Whig vote for Governor some eight or nine hun-
dred. Twenty-tw^o counties remain to be heard from. Clay's ma-
jority w^ill doubtless be over 4000.-
The returns from the state of New York are somewhat dis-
couraging. Forty counties heard from give to Clay (of major-
The Mangum Papers 219
ities) 7,029 - to Polk 15,850; carrying Polk 8821 ahead; neerly
all of which, the Nat: Intel: says, is a gain upon the vote of 1840.
The 18 counties that remain to be heard from gave to Gen. Har-
rison a nett majority of 11,490; but as so large a Whig majority
is not now expected in those counties, the result is uncertain; it
is to be feared the state has gone for Polk. The Whigs thus far, it
is said, have gained four members of Congress.
Maryland - all the counties heard from - gives Clay a major-
ity of 3283.
Virginia - Eighty-five counties heard from give majorities
for Clay 12421 - for Polk, 15232. Same counties in 1840, gave
Harrison 29,274 - Van Buren 29912. From this it appears that
Virginia has gone for Polk.-
Georgia - 16 counties give Clay a majority of 1904 - being a
gain of 527 on the October election - not enough I fear to redeem
the state.
Connecticut. The Intelligencer says that returns from all ex-
cept five towns have been received, and Clay's majority so far
is 3,066.
New Jersey- all the counties having been heard from - has
given her vote for Clay by more then 1000 majority; and has al-
so, it is believed, elected four Whig members to Congress.
Rhode Island has gone for Clay of course- Clay 7279 - Polk
4777.
The above hasty sketch comprises all the intelligence of the
elections I now have - I regret that it contains so little to en-
courage our hope of success.
Yours, respectfully,
Dennis, Heartt.
[Addressed:]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
Red Mountain.
Orange.
All gone hell-ward
220 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Thomas L. Ragsdale^^^ to Willie P. Mangum,
Washington City.
12th. Novr. 1844.
My Dear friend,
Had Mr. Clay been elected I know that you would have pro-
cured me justice. I had an abiding confidence in his generous
noble spirit; and I am aware that I was under your protection.
I am not under the less obligation to you, and my confidence
in his magnanimity is not diminished by the result. No man
in America suffered more than I did under the v/rong use of
Whig power: but notwithstanding this, I can do Mr. Clay jus-
tice even now when thousands of Whigs are damning him as
the destroyer of their Party.
If Mr. Polk turns out any whig on account of his honest ex-
pression of his opinions- democrat as I am - I say he ought to be
damned for it. If he can be persuaded whipped kicked into it
by some of the demented Loco focos, then I shall despair of the
Republic. Res nolunt male administrari; and if he administers
them male, the vis medicatrix rerum will must react - for it is the
law of nature. It is not whig principles that destroyed the
Whig Party-: it was the bad administration of them. — At
a glance you will see the whole of my private position. I can
now tell what I have suffered. I have been forced to sell even
my clothing piece by piece. I have been compelled to suffer
for want of even a meal of victuals- yet under all this I have
still sustained the bearing of a gentleman. I knew well that your
purse the purse any noble Whig or democrat was open to me -
but to receive their money would have choked me. I can now
speak out trumpet tongued without degradation. I now return
any money I may borrow.
I must now stand up as a No. Carolina southern gentleman
Even Southern Whigs would resent my conduct if I appeared
otherwise. I want decent clothes, I want to pay my way in a
decent boarding house. Send me two or three hundred dollars. -
Some of my loco foco friends, who a week or two ago passed me
without a nod are now bowing and scraping to me, damn them.
I want your friendship. As for Mr. Tyler he would reinstate me
2»7See above. Ill, 305 n.
The Mangum Papers 221
now; but I would not touch him or his Secy, of War with a 40
foot pole.
Wm A. Bradley told me to go to Piney Point the past sum-
mer and pay him when I could and when convenient and that
too when I told him I did not see that I could ever pay- I
went, he treated me like a Prince. Politics cant separate me from
such a man-. I cant utter all I feel. I am interrupted- Yours ever
Thos. L. Ragsdale.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
Red Mountain.
Franklinton
N. Ca.
WPM-LC
Walter R. Johnson^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Phila. Nov. 12 1844.
Hon. & dear Sir
The report on American coals of which 11000 extra copies
were ordered to be printed by the Senate at the last session is
nearly through the press. Many applications for it have been
made to me by parties furnishing the coal, by scientific & prac-
tical men, & by those interested in mining operations, - to none
of whom have I been able to give more than a conditional prom-
ise to comply with their wishes in case the kindness of gentle-
men of the Senate should dispose them to afford me the use of
any surplus copies for that purpose. Should this be your case,
I should esteem it a great favour, as I have at present none to
offer to the hundred or two of applicants, who have asked to be
supplied. Will you do me the kindness to state what number
2880n June 11, 1844, the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs first ordered the printing of 1000
copies of Johnson's report and six days later increased the order to 10,000. The title of the report
is: "'A Report to the Navy Department of the United States on American Coals Applicable to Steam
Navigation, and to other purposes," by Walter R. Johnson. Senate Doc, 28 Cong. I sess.. Doc. No.
386. 607 pp.
222 State Department of Archives and History
of copies, if any, you can probably spare, without in any de-
gree interfering with your own distributions?
I am with high respect
Your obedient Servant
Walter R. Johnson.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
[Addressed:] Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senator.
Red Mountain
Orange Co
N. C.
WPM-LC
J. C. BarreW^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
North Mt. Pleasant Miss. Nov. 29th 1844
Hon. W. P. Mangum;
My Dear Sir;
Although I have not the pleasure of a personal acquaint-
ance with you; yet I hope you will not think it presumption in
me in requesting you to forward to me such papers documents
to me during the approaching session of congress that you may
deem interesting.
The representatives from this state as you know are all
Locos and consequently the whigs hardly ever receive any
thing. I am a whig of the hard cast and am very desirous of
such documents and such others as you may think profitable.
In complying with the above you will confer a favor on me
that will be greatfuUy received.
Most respectfully
Your obedient servant
J. C. Barrett
^^Unable to identify.
The Mangum Papers 223
P S. My address is North. Mt. Pleasant. Miss. Set me down as
one of you constituents. J. C . B.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum. M. C.
Washington City
D. C.
Charles Gibhons^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Philadelphia Dec. 2 1844
Dear Sir
A number of applications have been made to the National
Clay Club from various sources, urging them to adopt some
means of carrying into effect the proposition of a suitable testi-
monial of Whig gratitude to Henry Clay. We have declined to
act in the matter, on the ground that it will probably be con-
sidered by the Whig members of Congress.
I have been directed by the Club to confer with you on the
subject and to ascertain if the members of Congress who repre-
sent the Whigs of the Union, will not, at an early day take the
subject in hand. We all feel that something is due to Mr. Clay,
whose private character has been so fiercely, and it may be said
hereafter, so successfully assailed. He received a majority of
the legal votes of Penna. and we can prove it. But the law gives
us no remedy. I am sir Very Respectfully
Yr ob st
Ch: Gibbons
Presdt. Natl. Clay Club.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
WPM-LC
Will. H. Haywood, Jr., to Willie P. Mangum.
[2 Dec. 1844]
Hon Willie P Mangum
My Dear Sir
My family are going to Newbern to spend the winter and
I shall be obliged to accompany them thither before I start for
2»oCharles Gibbons was a Clay supporter who praaiced law in Philadelphia. Livingston's Law
Register. 1851, 548.
224 State Department of Archives and History
Washington. It is therefore probable that you will appoint the
Committees of the Senate before I reach my post and as you
kindly intimated to me during the last Session that my position
might be changed this Session if it were personally desirable to
me I seize upon a moment of leisure to say that I would prefer
to be removed from Navy Committee and put upon the Judi-
ciary Committee in place of it.-^^ If thought to be well suited to
Claim,s I have no objection to remaining there and performing
the labors of that station: The Jud^ Com: occurs to my mind,
as I think you will probably allow the Democrats two Members
on it and we had but one last Session So there appeared to be
more room for a change therein than upon others. If you should
not feel at liberty in the discharge of your duties as Prest of
Senate to do this, may I solicit Mr Wrights place on Com: of
Commerce for though not so well qualified for it as I am for
the other (Jud'y) I can perhaps make myself reasonably so by
study & c. You will understand me however as not wishing to
have this indulgent recollection of my personal preference for
a station on or off of any Committee to interfere in the slightest
manner with your duty to others or your deliberate & impartial
judgment in executing your own office.
The hope of seeing you here on your way to Washington de-
layed this note until today- I hope to reach W. City by Monday
next or the day after it - There is nothing of particular interest
going forward here that I know of. I have the honour to be your
Obt Serv*.
Will. H. Haywood Jr
Raleigh 2 Dec 1844.
WPM-LC
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum.
Term will expire 10 January, 1845
[Inserted by Stanly]
Raleigh Dec: 2°^ 1844
My Dear Sir,
I hope you would pass through Raleigh on your way to
Washington City - but I know you would have been pained to
2oiHaywood was appointed on the commerce and claims committees of the Senate. He was not
made a member of either the naval or judicial committees. Cong. Globe, 28 Cong., 1 sess., 12.
The Mangum Papers 225
meet your friends in these gloomy times without the ability of
giving any consolation.
I have no time to write on politics & though I hold up my
head amidst Locos, I have no heart to write at present.-
But while the power is probably in our hands I wish you
to aid in giving a rebuke to a malignant, vile Loco-foco.^^^ The
Collector at Ocracoke will be nominated to the Senate this Ses-
sion I think. Sylvester Brown is his name. He had a Tyler meet-
ing in April & sent his son a delegate to the Tyler Bait : conven-
tion. The whigs,- I among them,- suffered him to remain in office
& he was very active & influential for Mr Arrington in my con-
test. Let the Senate remember him — not only for this, but for
official misconduct which can be proved on investigation. —
I write to request you to learn as soon as you can, & before
you are engaged in the business of the Session, when Brown's
time expires- an inquiry from some officer at the Treasury De-
partment will bring the information. —
Nothing new.- the Whigs are still unconquered & feel un-
conquerable: though heart stricken for our country & our glor-
ious ''old chief" - dearer to us now than if he had been success-
ful-
We shall have a meeting & pass some resolutions in testi-
mony of our high regard & for Mr Clay.
Remember me kindly to Messrs Crittenden, Morehead & &
&—
Let me hear from you of the matter referred to above. —
& believe me
Yours as ever
Edw. Stanly
Hon: W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City
[Addressed : ]
Hon: W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City
2»2See below Stanly to Mangum, December 10, 1844.
226 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
C. L. Hinton to Willie P. Mangum.
Raleigh Dec 2^^^ 1844
D"- Sir
Some weeks since I wrote you respecting the appointment
of Thomas Loring as post master at Busbee's store, I feel some
interest in it as we are loosing ground in that precinct and I
think that Loring settlement there would have a good effect- I
learned that Busbee had resigned his commission as P. M. and
the Office is not kept up —
Nothing of importance before our Legislature, the Whigs are
firm, and I believe determined to try & keep the party to-
gether— A vote for circuit & supreme court Judge will take
place to day.
Very respectfully
C. L. Hinton
Nash & Caldwell are elected Judge of the Superior & circuit
courts
[Addressed:]
Hon. Willie P Mangum
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
Daniel R. Goodloe to Willie P. Mangum.^^^
December 3 [,1844]
Dear Sir: I negelected to ascertain from you when I might ex-
pect to know the result of your friendly efforts to obtain me a
place as clerk to one of the Committees, or assistant to Mr.
Dickens the Secretary to the Senate. Fearing that you would
be at a loss to find me out in the event of success, I address you
this note to say that a line or verbal massage sent to the ''Stand-
ard Office" which stands within a few rods of Colemans upon
sixth street, will be duly received.- I feel reluctant to trouble
203Coinpare this letter with the one of Goodloe to Mangum, June 11, 1845.
The Mangum Papers 227
you with a call as I presume you are much occupied with busi-
ness or company at this time.
I have the honor to be
With great respect
Your obliged and obdt. servt.
Daniel R. Goodloe.
The Standard office is south of the Avenue upon the east side
of sixth street.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
National Hotel.
WPM-LC
D. L. Swain to Willie P. Mangum and Enclosure,
Raleigh, 3, Dec. 1844.
My dear Sir,
I would have transmitted the enclosed papers at an earlier
day, if I had not indulged the hope of meeting you on your way
to Washington.
If the affidavit of the Rev*^. E. Graves, supplies the only de-
ficient link in the chain of testimony required by the accompany-
ing letter of the 23''*^ Feb. last, from Comptroller of the Treasury
Department, I presume no further delay will occur in the pay-
ment of a claim so obviously fair.^^^
R. H. Graves the applicant is at present Prof, of Mathematics
in the Caldwell Institute at Greensboro; and the remittance may
be made either directly to him, or under cover to me.- I suppose
it is scarcely necessary to remark, that my agency in this busi-
ness has been prompted by no motive, but regard for Mr. G.
than whom I do not know, in my opinion a purer man.
Your very sincerely
D. L. Swain.
Honble W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed:]
Honble, Willie P. Mangum,
Pre's. of the Senate,
Washington City
2»*See above. 23-24, 51-52.
228 State Department of Archives and History
7 Oct., 1844.
Enclosure
The State of Mississippi Carroll County SS
This day personally appeared before the undersigned, Judge
of the Second Judicial District of the State of Mississippi,
Elijah Graves v^ho being first duly sworn deposeth and
saith that some time in the month of February of the year
1843, according to the best of affiants recollection, affiant
sold to Richard S. Graves a negro w^oman named Phebe,
and her three children for about the sum of twelve hundred
dollars: that affiant at that time was indebted to Ralph H.
Graves in and about the sum of six hundred dollars, two
hundred dollars of which debt due to R. H. Graves, the said
Rich^ S. Graves agreed to pay for affiant as part of the
price of said negroes. In compliance with said agreement,
said R. S. Graves informed affiant that he had forward two
halfs of two $100 United States Treasurer notes, left hand
halves, N^^ 26 & 27 letters B. & C. which were received by
R. H. Graves and the right hand halves of same were for-
warded by Mrs. Elizah J Thompson about the same time at
the request of Rich'^. S. Graves, which your affiant is inform-
ed have not been received but are lost. Said halves sent by
R. S. Graves were mailed at Jackson Miss, & those by Mrs
Thompson at Middleton Miss. That said agreement be-
tween affiants & R. S. Graves was entered into in good faith
by the parties, said that the payment made by said Rich^
S. Graves to said Ralph H. Graves was upon good and bona
fide consideration and on behalf of said affiant as before
stated -
Sworn to & subscribed before
me this 7th of October 1844
E. Graves
Witness my hand & seal
Benj. F. Caruthers (Seal)
Judge of the 2d Judicial
District of the State of Miss.
The Mangum Papers 229
WPM-LC
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum
Raleigh Dec: 10<^*^. 1844
My Dear Sir,
I received your favor in reply to mine, & thank you for your
prompt attention. Pray hear in mind, what I suggested to you.
Our friends here & in the country so far from being disposed
to despair, are more resolved than ever to fight on - Clay's de-
feat will but add fuel to the flame of their hate of Loco-focoism.-
I only write at present, to thank you for attending to my
request^^^ & to suggest to you to send some docs: or speech to
the Whigs of the Legislature, if you have a chance before they
adjourn. - I think we shall adjourn early in Jany: there is a
disinclination on the part of our friends to pass political resolu-
tions, because we have not a majority in both branches - my
own opinion is otherwise: we ought to give "line upon line &
precept upon precept:" to let the people understand that Whig
principles still exist. We shall at all events make a move relative
to the 4th instalment^^^ - at this time a most important matter
for us - I hope before you adjourn, you will try Billy Haywood
on that point, by resolutions in the Senate-
And now I wish to trouble you to deliver a message for me.
I have seen to day, a paper informing me that Col : Benton was
re-elected to the Senate. & I really felt happy at hearing the
intelligence. I wish you, to say to Col: B. that his manly con-
duct in the Texas matter,^^^ has raised him high in the estima-
tion of every patriot Whig in the land, & I think the country
ought gratefully to remember his services. — I differ widely with
him, in political matters, I think upon some subjects we can
never agree & I never expect to ask any political or other favor
at his hands; I have often in public speeches spoken well of his
conduct, & he will not I hope, with entire indifference under-
stand, that hundreds of Whigs, in this State, admire & thank
him for his eminent services, in exposing the Texas conspiracy. —
^^See above Stanly to Mangum, December 2, 1844.
286ln the House of Representatives Garrett Davis, of Kentucky, introduced a resolution direaing
the Secretary of Treasury to pay to the several states $9,367,614.99 — the fourth installment of
money in the treasury, for deposit with the several states. The Democrats moved to lay this motion
on the table. Raleigh Register, December 10, 1844.
^^Benton held that the consent of Mexico should be secured before annexation. In the campaign
of 1844 he said the Texas question was brought up to defeat Van Buren. He accused the specu-
lators and stock jobbers of purchasing Texas script at the rate of two to seven cents on the dollar
and of urging annexation to make their investments pay oflF. His speech was widely circulated in the
campaign. Lambert, Presidential Politics in the U. S., 1841-1844, 173, 179.
230 State Department of Archives and History
Besides, his treatment of Tyler, has shown he not only spoke
like a prophet, but evinced a noble contempt, for treachery.- I
know you entertain as high an estimate of Col: B, as I do.
I will write to you again soon — Mrs S. desires to be kindly
remembered to you.- best regards to Messrs Crittenden, Green,
As ever very truly your's
Edw. Stanly
Hon: W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
W. City
WPM-LC
William Prescott to Willie P. Mangum.
Lynn (Mass.) Dec. 14th. 1844.
Dear Sir,
Believing that a discrepancy and a misunderstanding exists
among the people relative to the import of the terms Tarijf,
Revenue, Fee Trade, Protection &c. as used by our statesmen;
also as to what constitutes the true policy of the country relative
to the duties on imports, the various interests connected there-
with, and the numerous questions growing out of the same; And,
believing also, that a definite understanding in relation to these
intricate subjects would conduce to the harmony and welfare
of the people of this country, as well as be gratifying to all
concerned; I have drawn up a series of questions for the purpose
of submitting them to several distinguished statesmen and poli-
ticians of the different and opposing political parties in the
United States for their examination and decision.
I therefore take the liberty to transmit a copy of them to
you, and hope to receive your views upon the same at an early
day.
Question 1st What do you understand by the term Free
Trade, as used by the statesmen of this country & Europe?
Question 2nd What do you understand by the term Protec-
tive Tariff, as used by the statesmen of this country & Europe?
Quest. 3rd Are you in favour of abolishing all duties on im-
ports, or do you know of any statesman that is? and if so, who?
The Mangum Papers 231
Quest 4th If you answer the third question in the affirmative,
what method would you recommend to raise money to defray
the current expenses of the government?
Question 5th Are you in favour of a horizontal tariff, (so
called) or are you in favour of discriminating duties with inci-
dental protection?
Quest. 6th Are you in favour of a protective tariff, and if
so, what great interests require most protection, if any? or do
you prefer a tariff which will raise the necessary revenue only?
Quest. 7th Do you believe the present tariff, (that of 1842)
to be just and equal, bearing alike on all the great interests of
the country? if not, wherein is its operation unequal, and in
what particular should it be altered or amended? Are you in
favour of a large surplus revenue, and what would you do with
it?
By communicating to me your views upon & answers to
these several questions at your earliest convenience, and also
any additional suggestions in relation to revenue, finance, pro-
tection &c. &c. you may think the importance of these subjects
demands, you will very much oblige an inquiring public and
especially. Dear Sir,
Your Friend and
Fellow Citizen,
William Prescott.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum U.S.S.
Washington City
D. C.
Charity A. Mangum to Willie P, MangumP^
December 14, 1844.
My dear Husband
I received your letter on last Saturday and was so much re-
lieved by the getting of it. I had hoped that the weather being
*^'The original is in the possession of Mangum Turner, Winston-Salem, N. C.
232 State Department of Archives and History
so much better than was expected that you would arrive safe
at Washington but could not help being uneasy.
I had as well acknowledge my weakness if it has to be called
so. After you left home no person but my Family saw me. I had
born so much better than I thought I would that when you left
home I could hold out no longer and had such a violent headache
and had to keep my room until next morning. P. Nash sent his
young man hoping to see you and tune Sallys Piano before you
left home. I could not see him but had the Piano tuned. He has
improved it greatly. I was very glad to learn that I had not
humbled the young gentleman that tuned. Cousin Abner had
not touched mine-
Cousin Abner Parkers Family has been in great distress for
a week looking every day for Mary's death. Dr. Smith attend-
ing her constantly. She would not let any person see her ex-
cept two or three of her own family. The sight of more com-
pany than usual would throw her into violent storms- Her
mother stayed a day and a night from her when she was so bad
looking for her death any moment. For a day or two she has
appeared to mend and they have hopes of her recovery. I heard
several persons say that saw Cousin Abner that they had never
seen a man so disturbed before that he walked constantly day
and night. I have not been to see them as I understood I could
not see Cn'y, but sent every day for three or four days until
I found she was better if she continues to mend I hope to see
her in a few days.
William came very soon to Mother to get your kiss when he
saw your letter he ran to me to get Father's kiss.
You must be certain to let me know by your next letter if I
am to let Mr. Crabtree have five hundred weight of pork and
what Mr. Riley is to have and if I am to keep it. I know you
ought to keep part of it if you wish him to work well. We have
killed the hogs over the river. They were not as heavy as ex-
pected. I do not think you can spare Mr. Crabtree as much as
five hundred. He says you promised it. I desire to know. I let
Augustine Mangum have something more than two hundred.
He wants one more hundred.
You must certainly know what you desire so I can do what
you desire. William has gone to live with Jesse Parker. The
very place he ought to be- 1 do not know what to do about sleep-
ing. I cannot sleep upstairs. I have slept but very little since
The Mangum Papers 233
you left home. I do not think I can get along through the win-
ter upon so little sleep. I have a strong notion of moving in the
new house. You must write before Christmas if you wish another
chimney built quickly. I know it would be best to build one
chimney near the barn to the lower house. Jesse Parker was to
see him the other day to get him to build him two chimneys.
If you wish yours done you can merely write soon-
Our children are all well as usual and send their love to
Father. Farewell my dear husband and know I cannot be con-
tent while I am so much far from you-
Your devoted wife,
C. A. Mangum,
W. P. Mangum
WPM-LC
E. D. Bullock^^' to Willie P. Mangum.
Mobile Dec^ 17*^. 1844.
My dear Judge.
I should have written you on my return to my friends but I
left a few days after on my country Circuit and only returned
a few days since. Shortly after my arrival here I received a
letter from Walter advising me that you were perfectly re-
stored to health. This I assure you gave me great pleasure as
I feared that your lungs were seriously effected. I am happy to
tell you that I found my family quite well all indeed having
escaped the diseases of our fated climate. Mr. Gaines^^^ is still
absent in Missi : attending to the Court of Commissioners, which
will expire by Law on the 19" of this month. The commissioners
will be here in a few days on their way to Washington City to
pass upon such claims as they have examined.
Our community has quieted down since the defeat of our
noble chieftain. I have never in all my life witnessed such sore
disappointment as has been manifested among the true friends
of Mr Clay. I do not believe that any community has in its
bosome more devoted friends of Mr Clay than ours & hence the
298See above. III, 27n.
aooSee above, III, 27n.
234 State Department of Archives and History
sore disappointment that many feel. But fraud and practise'd
villany have turned the tide against us and we must await
some other time to buckle on our armour in the defence of
those principles which alone can perpetuate our system of
Government. I am at a loss to conjecture what will be the final
result of the Locofoco rule in our land. The prospects in our
community were cheering at the certainty of the election of
Mr. Clay, all men seem to place implicit reliance upon the up-
right and glorious policy that would have propounded to the
country in the event of his election but now all capitalists hug
their money closer than at any other previous time and trade the
life and soul of our Country has been fearfully shocked at the
result of the Presidential contest. I hope that you and your
noble peers that stood by the law and constitution in 1832 3- &
4 will again be and remain at your post to check the mad &
merciless career of locofoco misrule. I should be most happy
to hear your views about the coming administration and do not
forget to place me upon your list. No one feels more delighted
than I do to hear at all times of your good health & happiness.
Be pleased to send me such documents as you may have of
interest.
My Partner & myself have written a long letter to Thos. H.
Blake Conn: of the General land office at Washington City in
behalf of a client of ours, Mr. James T. Vivian of Washington
County Alabama, who has employed us to procure for him a
Patent to a certain piece of land lying upon the waters of the
Tombigbee River in Washington Co. It is a matter of great im-
portance to us and I must beg your influence in our behalf. You
will see by reference to the letter now sent on to Mr Blake
that we have furnished all the evidence that was demanded in a
letter written by Mr Blake to the Hon. B. G. Shields a copy of
which is annexed to our letter, before alluded to. We are un-
known at the land office and you will confer a great favor if
you will at some leisure moment as early as may suit your con-
venience, call at the land office and interpose your influence in
our behalf. If you should not on the reception of this letter find
it convenient to call on Mr Blake, will you address him a note
upon the subject.
I had the pleasure to hear from Missi: on yesterday and am
happy to say that all are well.
I hope my dear Judge that the ladies of your household are
The Mangum Papers 235
all well and be pleased when you write to bear to them our
sincere and devoted wishes for their health and happiness.
I am Yours most truly,
E. D. Bullock.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Vice Pres* —
[Addressed : ]
Hon Willie P. Mangum
Vice Pres*.
U States Senate
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
B. HI. KosciiLszko^^^ to Willie P. Mangum,
[19 December 1844]
To the Hon.
P. M. [sic'\ Magnum
President of the Senate.
Sir
I beg You thousand & thousands pardon that having not
the honor to be known to You, I permitted myself to trespass
on Your valuable time with my correspondence; but being in-
formed by Public voice ( and it is saying "Vox Populi vox Dei")
of your high character, I hope that when You will peruse my
Epistle, You will excuse not only my boldness, but You will
sympathize with my unhappy state —
I am unhappy nephew to Gen^ Kosciu^zko. and it is now
Seven Years I am in this my adopted Country in the City of
Washington and I am a Citizen- I am known in the Senate to
the Hon Senator Crittenden as well to the Hon. Henry Clay,
to whom on my first arrival at America I remitted a letter of
Introduction from a distinguished Gentleman, and I was re-
ceived by Mr Clay very kindly, from him I learned in what
consist the welfare of this Country, & that only Whigs party
could produce it- I hoped to see Mr Clay to be Our President,
^^He was a nephew of the American Revolutionary hero. General Thaddeus Kosciuszko. In
1838 his request for a grant of public land was referred to the House Committee of Public Lands.
Adams, Memoirs, IX, 469.
236 State Department of Archives and History
& certainly if he was I would be very happy in all my circum-
stances- but I am deprived together with many & many good
citizens of that happiness —
1840 I enjoyed when our beloved Gen^ Harrison was elected
President- but how long that happiness- One month & all gone-
President died Cabinet scattered, & my mind was so troubled
that I got mental sickness and almost four Years I was deprived
of all my senses- It is some more than four months I am re-
covered entirely from that unhappy sickness which sickness
not only exhausted my resources I only have, but delayed my
case in the Court of the D. C. for the amount of $5,000 left by
my Uncle Kosciuszko which amount belongs to me as I am sole
Survivor. Altho' I was out of means but I rejoiced to be well,
because I hoped that wile my case will be decided I will be
able to get by my industry & work the Sustenance for my little
family as well I will pursue my case, and then I will be inde-
pendent- but unhappy I am I got the unhappy sickness Con-
sumption & it is three months I cannot leave my bed- & so at
once deprived of my health I have lost the dearest gift independ-
ence.
In such my unhappy state I address myself to Your noble
feelings to help me with some Dollars, & be assured not only
my everlasting gratitude but that such Your noble deed shall
have the reward of Almighty- Noble Senater Crittenden helped
me with little amount on the 7th of the instant —
With high respect
Sir
Your most obedience Servant
B. H. [?] Kosciuszko
Lieut Col. of the late Revolutionary
Polish Army.
Washington
19 December 1844.
The Crown is my Star.
[Addressed : ]
To the Hon.
P. M. Magnum
President of the Senate
present.
The Mangum Papers 237
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to Willie P. Mangum.
Philadelphia
Dec. 20th 1844
My Dear Sir.
My friend Theodore E. Tomlinson,^^^ well known & appre-
ciated by all our Whig friends in New York, has just taken to
himself a partner for life, & visits Washington on a Wedding
excursion. Of course he desires to know you, & it affords me
great pleasure to present him to your favorable acquaintance.
Very truly your friend
J. Watson Webb
P. S. I shall be with you next week. For God's sake reject At-
wood.^^^
Hon W. P. Mangum
[Addressed:] National Hotel
To the Hon:
W. P. Mangum
Washington
Mr. Tomlinson.
WPM-LC
Robert W. Alston^<^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Tallahassee Middle Fla. 26th. Deer 1844
Honble Wiley P. Mangum
Dr Sir
You will recollect when I had the pleasure of meeting,
you last summer, & before I left N. Carolina I promised to write
you on my return home - which I should have done at an earlier
period, but for having business in the Southern part of the
Territory from which I only returned a few days since —
^^A New York attorney. Longworth's New York Directory, 1844-1845, 345.
8031-jgnjy Q Atwood was notainated by Tyler for surveyor of revenue for the port of New York
in December, 1844. He was not confirmed. Executive Journal of Senate, VI, 381.
®^Robert W. Alston became colleaor of customs at St. Marks, Florida, in 1849. American
Almanac, 1850, 106.
238 State Department of Archives and History
My intention of Visiting Washington is defeated by the defeat
of our favourite, for the Presidency, v^hich you are aware is the
result from the most conclusive evidence, that much corruption
was practiced at the Ballot Box, by the admission of Thousands,
and Tens of thousands of Illegal Votes, smuggled in by the im-
proper, interfearance of the friends of aur opponents, as well as
a misrepresentation of principal, to suite the climate in which
the Votes were located, which were wanted by the opposition
to Elect their President. But I cannot believe any party, or
set of men can remain united under an organization of such con-
tradictory opinions as those advanced by the Loco Foco party
are, and Judging from the expression of the news paper press
up to this this [sic] time, we may well immagine that their
troubles have already commenced and I am of opinion, that the
sooner their plans are disconcerted the better for the country.
It appears to be matter of doubt with many, who is to be the
Ruling Spirit with the ensuing administration, whether it is to
be Genl Jackson, Mr. Polk, or Mr Calhoun. I would like very
much to have a hint from you, of your opinion of the matter.
At any rate I immagine the friends of Mr Clay will not be very
highly favoured. Save and except, what may be slightly cared
for, by Mr. Tyler, who it is thought will still retain some in-
fluence with the new Kitchen cabinet — But in this crush, of the
anticipated success of the Whig party, it becomes our duty to
do the best we can, under the circumstances for our Whig
friends, & our country, and as I have but little chance of doing
much good for either especially out of Florida. I am perfectly
willing to leave all important public matters, to you and our
Whig friends who fill the more exalted stations of public con-
fidence, and to request you to do as much as you can to obtain
for us immediate admission into the Union of the States, and
especially to obtain for us the appointment of officers of the
Territory, who are citizens of the country, for the reasons, as
given when in conversation with you last Summer. It is at all
times unpleasant to complain of public men, and especially of
officers of the Judiciary. But it is nevertheless some times
our duty to do so, and I am sorry to say that those among us,
are charged with incapacity and a palpable abuse of the priv-
iledges confered, I therefore hope they will be Removed, and
some of our own citizens appointed, and for the office of marshal
I understand Capt. Daniel Byrd of Jefferson County will be
The Mangum Papers 239
urged by the Democrats who I have no doubt is competent
consequently if his name should be sent up to the Senate I
hope it will be your pleasure to urge upon your Whig friends
the importance of his confirmation, as he meets my own views
better than any one of that party I have any knowledge of. I
donot know who will be urged for Judge. I understand how-
ever, Thos. Baltzell is spoken of by the Branch Clicke, we do-
not want him. Col. T. H. Butler is also spoken of, who was
formaly a member of congress from S Carolina, he I think would
give satisfaction. Branch as Governor is not a favourite with
either party, and if we can git a sutable Gentleman who is a
citizen of Florida we would gratly prefer him.
I regret exceedingly being placed in a position which I pre-
sume will preclude me from getting the office of collector of the
port of St. Marks- but presume it would be perfect Vanity to
ask a favour of the approaching administration - however if
you find an opportunity of obtaining for me the appointment, I
would be Very willing to accept of it —
I Remain Very Respectfully Your Friend
Rbt. W. Alston.
N. B. You will please regard this as confidential
R. W. A.
[Addressed : ]
Honble Wiley P. Mangum
President of Senate
Washington City
D. C.
Willie P. Mangum to Sally, Patty and Mary Mangum.^^^
Monday 30th-Dec. 1844
My dear Daughters
I send you a copy of Graham's Magazine-^^^ I have not had
time to read it. The engravings are fine-
^o^The original is in the possession of Mangum Turner, Winston-Salem, N. C.
*^Graham's magazine was established by George R. Graham, who bought out Samuel C. At-
kinson's Casket in 1839. About the same time, he bought Wm. E. Burton's Gentleman's Magazine.
The combined magazines bore the title Graham's Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine. The titles varied
slightly thereafter. A typical number in the forties "contained three or four short stories, a light
essay on manners, a biographical sketch, a literary article, a considerable amount of poetry ... an
out-door sketch of Frank Forester, a travel article, fine arts and book-review departments, and a
chat with the editor; besides the color fashion plates, and one or two art plates by well-known
engravers." Its writers were among the most popular of the day, Poe, Hawthorne, William Gilmore
Simms, and Bayard Taylor. Its circulation was one of the largest in the country. Mott, History of
American Magazines, I, 544-555.
240 State Department of Archives and History
I am well- My love to Mother and all
Yrs affectionately
W. P. Mangum
To Misses
Sally, Patty and Mary Mangum
My love to Billy-
Willie P. Mangum to David Lowrie Swain^^'^ and Enclosure.
Washington 31st. Deer. 1844.
My dear Sir.
I transmit herewith, a letter from the Hon : Joel Crawf ord.^^^
of Geo. to Gen: Clinch,^^^ & Gen: C's note to me, & beg that
you will give such information touching expense &c. as the
nature of the enquiries may seem to require.
I have in general terms, strongly advised the sending of Mr.
Crawford's sons to North Carolina, but have said that I will
give in a few days, more specific information. As to the pre-
paratory school- Is not that, at Hillsboro good & efficient? What
might be the probable expense? Is Mr. Bingham's school full?
If not, is not the latter prefereable? I think, his charge pr.
annum is $150, if more please advise me.
I reed, last fall, while confined by illness to my bed, a note
from you requesting the appointment to West point a young
friend of yours which has not been acknowledged. I trans-
mitted to the Department the name of the young gentleman
with the usual request &c. &c. What has been the fate of it I
know not as yet.
Be pleased to send a Catalogue of Students & the Course of
of Studies in the University, if you have a spare copy.
With great respect & regard
I am, My Dear Sir.
Yr. friend & Obt. St.
Willie P. Mangum.
3o~The original is in the David L. Swain Papers, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C.
^yoel Crawford, 1783-1858. a lawyer and soldier, served in Congress as a Democrat from
Georgia in 1817-1821. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 859.
*^^General Duncan L. Clinch, who served in the War of 1812 and the war against the Seminoles,
was a Whig Congressman from Georgia in 1844-1845. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 991.
The Mangum Papers 241
Enclosure
Early County Nov 17th 1844
Dear General,
I have often wished to have with you, a conversation at
length, on the merits of Chapel Hill the University of N. Caro-
lina. You have had at least one son at the Institution, since its
administration has been placed under the presidency of Gov.
Swain. — Permit me in the form of a letter (since we may not
soon meet ) to have what you may choose to say of Chappel Hill.
I have three Sons aged 12, 14 & 16 — all pretty sprightly boys,
of sound constitutions, but none of them likely to attain gigantic
size of body — acircumstance, all things considered, which I have
no cause to regret. If properly trained they will, I think, make
effective men in any honorable and useful walk of life.
I am in persuasion at least, "a utilitarian" — I have a thorough
contempt for all unnecessary embellishments of either mind or
body — Sooner than see a son of mine raised up to manhood, frib-
ble in manners & a pedant in mind, I would consign him to the
toils, the humblest toils of a workshop.
This remark will give you a hint of my purpose in educating
sons & I hope you will do me the favor to write how far Chappel
Hill is likely to advance the end I have in view.
My oldest son now at Montpelier, reads the Common Latin
& Greek Classics with fluency, & has made some attainments in
elementary Mathematics — My second & third, have commenced
the study of latin.
Please let me know whether there is a good grammar or pre-
paratory school at Chappel Hill — and what are the usual ex-
penses of Boad, Clothing & tuition pr ann. not omitting to state
whether there are instances at that place of wild Boy's spending
their fathers money foolishly, & making boobus of themselves.
So it seems we have Mr Polk for our next president!! What
think you of our American Democracy now? What incentive
have the best or the worst educated men in the U. States (from
the example of Clay's life) to take an eminently useful & dis-
tinguished part in the public service? No man among us can
hope, by the most exalted & brilliant careers, for any other re-
ward than a conscious satisfaction at having done his duty —
and that, unless he has been particularly cautious or lucky,
contervailed by condemnation of our insane public opinion. —
242 State Department of Archives and History
As early as 1820 I understand and expressed the belief that I
should never see a really great man in the presidency of the
U. States. But my hopes revived, on the subject, when Mr. Clay
was brought forward last May under auspices apparently so
favorable. But Sir, such is the condition on which Our Re-
public must exist. — if indeed it shall continue to exist. — I am
mortified at the pitiful gullibility of the people; but we who are
beaten must submit with as good grace as may be.
Be assured dear Sir, of the continued esteem & friendship of
Yr. mo obt.
Joel Crawford
Genl D. L. Clinch
N. B. Please address me at Blakely, Early County: Ga.
[Addressed:] Genl D. L. Clinch
Jefferson County
Georgia
Sketch of Willie P. Mangum,
SIO
In the Senate, the Honorable WILLIE P. MANGUM presides.
John Tyler, the Vice President, on the death of General Harrison
became President of the United States. The Senate thereafter
elected Samuel Southard, their presiding officer, he dying, they
elected Judge Mangum their president. He lives, when at home,
in Orange county. North Carolina. From his name, I should
suppose that his ancestors were from Wales. However that may
be. Judged Mangum's family is an ancient one in North Caro-
lina, the name being found among the earliest settlers of that
colony. He presides in the Senate and occupies the Vice Presi-
dent's room in the capitol. He is a man above the common
size, of fair complexion and commanding air, rather grave in
in his manners, but very agreeable and appears to be kind
hearted. His voice is clear, sufficiently loud and distinct to be
heard all over the Senate chamber and its gallery. On the
whole, he is, taking him all and all, the best presiding officer,
that I ever saw in any legislative assembly. He is always at
^^his sketch is taken from Mysteries of Washington City, during Several Months of the Session
of the 28th Congress, by a Citizen of Ohio [Caleb Atwater]. Washington, D. C. printed by G. A.
Sage. 1844. 130-133.
The Mangum Papers 243
his ease, always dignified and always agreeable. His appear-
ance is that of a man about forty years old. He is a whig, un-
wavering and unflinching, yet like the Kentucky Senators, not
a persecuting whig, often voting to confirm men in offices, who
are not whigs, nor any thing else — long. He appears to look
more to the interests of his country than his party. When I say
this, I mean to draw no invidious distinction between Judge
Mangum and others in the Senate. The feelings of senators must
have been often severly tried by having to them the names of
very incompetent men. Where the man is not decidedly a bad
one though wanting decision of character, without which no
man can be relied on, in any pressing emergency, the Senate let
him pass as Hobson's choice, because they expect nothing bet-
ter. In this way they have confirmed many nominations which
I should have rejected at once, as destitute of a qualification,
without possessing which, no man is fit for any office or any
calling. So far as Ohio is concerned, not even one appointment
of a citizen of that State, has been a good one, nor such an one
as I would have made, during the last two years. I feel no
hostility to any one of these weak men, but wish they had be-
longed to some other State, not to ours. Where the imbecility
of a country is placed in the offices, it shows the strength of
our institutions and the virtue of our people, which can get along
tolerably well, though such weak men are appointed to offices.
To have found so much imbecility, so carefully selected from
the very surface of society, must have cost those a vast deal of
labor, care and diligence, who have succeeded so well, so per-
fectly in hunting it up, and bringing it forward to the President
and his secretaries for their acceptance and gratification! It is
a strong argument in favor of the permanency of our institu-
tions, which can bear such appointments. The Senate appear to
be as hungry for the nomination of men well qualified for the
offices to which they are nominated, as any trout ever was for
a well baited hook — they jump at them in a moment and unan-
imously confirm them. The confirmation of CALHOUN'S ap-
pointment as Secretary of State is a case in point. The news
spread like wildfire, and fell upon the ear like the roar of a
water fall in the ear of a thirsty traveller, in the desert of Sa-
hara.
Pp. 130-133. MYSTERIES OF WASHINGTON CITY, During
Several Months of the Session of the 28th Congress. By a Citizen
244 State Department of Archives and History
of Ohio. [Caleb Atiwater] Washington, D. C. Printed by G. A.
Sage, E Street, Near Ninth.
1845
Willie P. Mangum to D. Francis BaconJ
Washington City 2"'^. January 1845.
My dear Sir
I have rec'^. your favors, the first of 25*^. & the second of the
31^*. Ult. for both of v^hich pleased to accept my thanks. I have
been waiting a letter from M^ Pettis, giving in a more detailed
form than did your first, the particulars, to enable us to see
clearly our course.-
He has not yet written.
I conferred with M''. Crittenden fully, upon the receipt of
your first, showing your letter to him, feeling that it would not
be in conflict with the cautionary reserve fit to be maintained. -
I have opened the subject to no other person, feeling pretty
sure that anything we may determine upon, will probably have
the countenance of our friends. -
We both feel the weight, magnitude & real importance of the
subject.
We are both decidedly in favor of movement provided we
can see that it will not deeply implicate any of our friends, and
that the result we seek, is to any important extent certainly
attainable. —
The enquiry as incidental to other legitimate enquiries with
a view to further legislation is clearly within the Constitutional
Competency & proper functions of the Senate. -
The Committee or Commission to take testimony would
not "eo Nomine" be secret - but as the Committee, or the Com-
mission may determine whatever is Convenient, or calculated
to accelerate their enquiries, the object in that form is attain-
able. -
^The original is in the Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn. In 1848-1849 D. Francis
Bacon edited the New York Daybook, a Whig newspaper. Louis H. Fox, New York City Newspapers,
1820-1830: a Bibliography, 34. See also below Mangum to Bacon, January 11, 1845 and Bacon
to Mangum, January 16, 1845.
^Charges of fraud in the presidential eleaion of 1844 were made by both the Clay and Polk
forces. Webster attributed the loss of Pennsylvania and New York to the fraudulent voting of for-
eigners. Calvin Colton maintained that there was fraud in New York, Pennsylvania, Georgia, and
Louisiana. Justin H. Smith, The Annexation of Texas, 316-317.
The Mangum Papers 245
As you spoke of coming to Washington, Crittenden & I both
thought it expedient, as in oral communications we could more
clearly see all the ground, and adapt our measures to the actual
or probable state of the facts.
Will you come on immediately?
If we can make a strong & clear case, it will be of incalculable
importance.
We doubt not that the Senate will cordially come up to any
work, that may be deemed necessary to eviscerate these por-
tentous frauds. -
We feel, that we & the Country owe you much for your
indefatigable effort in this thankless, but patriotic & honest
cause.
Your enclosures rec^. this morning exhibit pretty clearly the
field of operations - Yet it would be satisfactory to have some-
what more detailed information. - Again, Will you come to
Wash^.?
With great respect
I am dear Sir
Very truly y."
Willie P. Mangum
To
D. Francis Bacon
New York.
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to Willie P. Mangum.
Philadelphia
Janry 5th. 1845
My Dear Sir,
I am here in connexion with the Powell Libel suit,^ which
I hope to have postponed until Spring. If I succeed, I shall leave
here on Wednesday for Washington.
I am writing in Randall's office^ & at his request, merely to
say that the Whigs here with one accord, beg that you will act
upon the nomination of & J [torn] at once, as every day's de-
sSee above, J. W. Webb to W. P. Mangum, Oaober 18. 1844.
^Josiah Randall. See above, II, 23 6n.
246 State Department of Archives and History
lay is making for the benefit of Buchanan and the Loco Foco
Party. Our friends think it all important to have King's v^eapon.
Your friend
J. Watson Webb.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
To the Hon.
W. P. Mangum
Washington City,
D. (C.)
WPM-LC
William S. Mullens^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Fayetteville, No: Ca.
9th of Jan, 1845
Hon Willie P. Mangum,
Dear Sir,
As Chairman of the Managing Committee of the "Fayette-
ville Library Institute",^ & under the instructions of the Com-
mittee, I take the liberty, which I trust you w^ill excuse, of ad-
dressing you w^ithout the honor of a personal acquaintance v^ith
you. The Institute has been founded by the young men of this
place with the design of gradually building up a Public Library
& thus securing to all in the community the means of intellectual
improvement. As a great assistance in the effort, I take the
liberty of requesting you to forward to the Institute copies of
such public documents as may be printed by the order of the
^William Sidney Mullens, of Fayetteville, graduated from the University in 1842. Later he
rnoved to South Carolina and became a "brilliant speaker at the bar," the president of a South Caro-
lina railroad, and a member of the South Carolina legislature. Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C, 447;
Battle, Hist, of U. N. C, 1, 478.
^The Fayetteville Library Institute was incorporated in 1844. Johnson, Ante Bellum N. C, 166.
The Mangum Papers 247
Senate, if it shall be convenient to you to do so. Such a favour
would very greatly oblige & aid us.
I have the honour to be with the highest respect
Your most obt. servant
Will: S. Mullens.
Hon Willie P. Mangum.
[Addressed:]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Washington Cty.
WPM-LC
Edmund Pendleton Gaines"^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Hd qr^. Western Division
New Orleans, January 10*^. 1845
My dear Sir:
I do myself the honor to introduce to your acquaintance and
recommend to your attention Mrs Putnam, an amiable Tennes-
sean, the widow of D'*. James R. Putnam^ late of this city; with
whom Mrs Gaines and myself have been acquainted for several
years.
Mrs Putnam has been advised by several of her much re-
spected friends of Tennessee and of this place in whose judg-
ment she has confidence, to visit the city of Washington during
the present session of Congress, with the view of making some
such disposition of the Patent right granted to D"" Putnam on
the 6*^ of May 1841 for new and useful improvements in Ma-
chinery for removing Bars, and other obstructions from the
U. S. inlets, harbours and river, as will at once test the utility
and establish the value of the discovery, and render the same
serviceable to our Naval, Military and commercial interests,
and available to the widow and young family of the projector
in a pecuniary point of view as the principal fortune left to them
for their support.
'At this time Gaines was a major general commanding the western division of the United States
Army. D. A. B., VII, 92. This letter was not signed by General Gaines himself.
^He was living at 118 Canal Street in 1842. He was listed as a dentist. Gibson's Guide and
Directory of the State of La. and the Cities of New Orleans and Lafayette, New Orleans, 1835, p. 171.
248 State Department of Archives and History
Knowing as I do the deep interest which you take in what-
ever discoveries, and improvements tend to lessen the expense
of our commercial intercourse whether foreign or domestic, and
being convinced that the proposed improved means of deepen-
ing our ship channels and inlets by Steam power will contribute
much to the attainment of the all important objects of Defence
and commericial prosperity- objects not less dear to our agricul-
tural and manufacturing friends of the central and Western
States and interior districts of the Union than to the shipping
and other merchants and traders of our large Sea Port towns,
I think it my duty to desire your attention to D^ Putnam's plan.
Not a ship nor a steam boat can be lost or damaged by a Snag
or a shoal- or other obstruction, without affecting more or less
the interests of the farmers and planters or mechanics of the
interior. And in war such obstructions might even in the
presence of the invading foe cost us more vessels and more men,
than the foe could, in the absence of such obstructions, take or
destroy in Battle.
I respectfully suggest the propriety of granting to the widow
and family of Dr Putnam, a specific sum of money for her Patent
right. And then authorise the construction of a Steam Boat up-
on a larger scale than that proposed by Dr Putnam, to be built
of the best Oak and Iron- principally Iron- upon the principles
of the British Mail Boats convertible into Steam Ships of War
with a view on the approach of War instantly to exchange her
ploughs and scrapers with her machinery to break up and re-
move obstructions from our Inlets, Harbours and rivers, for a
complete armament, for driving into the vitals of an invading
Fleet, an ample supply of Red hot shot and Paixhan shells.
Every Fort upon the sea board ought to be supplied with a
Floating Battery of the above description, to be manned with
U. S. troops and volunteers and employed in Peace on every
description of service necessary and proper to deepen our in-
lets and ship channels and extend other facilities to commerce-
in a word- in peace to prepare for war- and in war to cooperate
with our Forts in repelling invasion.
Although I have not advised Mrs. Putnam to visit Washing-
ton, I am convinced that the efforts of her husband to establish
an improved system of deepening our shoal waters of the
South and East have so far succeeded as to entitle his widow
and orphan children to a respectable compensation.
The Mangum Papers 249
And as the whole subject of navigation and commerce, as
well as of National defense embracing the improvements to set
forth in the claim belong exclusively to the Federal Govern-
ment, I hope you will concur with me in the opinion that an
act or Resolution should be proposed for giving to Mrs Putnam
and her children a specific compensation for her claim.
But should there be any doubts as to the utility of Dr.
Putnam's plan for deepening our inlets and rivers by steam
power, let measures be taken at once to test its utility and as-
certain its value so that his widow & orphans may not suffer
the affliction of that ''hope deferred which mdketh the heart
sick."
For myself I have not a doubt that the proposed plan of
deepening our ship channels, inlets and rivers is worth ten
thousand times as much as any Dredging vessel or Dredging
machine ever invented or ever known in the United States; as
with it we can speedily deepen the inlets at the mouth of the
Mississippi river and all other inlets now navigable for small
coasting vessels in this State and in most of our other Southern
States and Territories to any extent the Government may de-
sire; and that we shall accomplish this all-important work
without any expense to the United States beyond the original
cost and repairs of the Steam boats or floating Batteries of Oak
and Iron- principally of Iron- here recommended, as the work
will be done by the United States Troops, and volunteers in
actual service in their daily exercises and drills with the few
Guns that should be placed on each vessel- Drills which will be
enjoyed by officers and men, and which will contribute more
to their health and comfort, and vastly more to their efflciancy
and fitness for Battle than any recreations which our fashionable
Watering places afford to the votaries of amusement and pleasure;
as every vessel will have as many State rooms and as many
sources of comfort as the largest and best of Passenger Steamers.
But the transcendent utility of the system here proposed will
be seen in the fact that our steam Boats or floating Batteries em-
ployed in giving action to our machinery for deepening our
inlets and cleaning out our rivers in Peace- will upon the first
suspicion of an approaching foe, lay aside all such machinery,
and in place of Ploughs, Log chains and Scrapers and other im-
plements propelled by Steam power in Peace, instantly take on
board their Paixhan Guns and all other implements of War
250 State Department of Archives and History
held in deposite at the Forts to which the Boats or Batteries be-
long, and by co-operating with such Forts or Martello towers,
will triumphantly defend the ship channels which they shall
have been deepening.
This is a plain matter of fact view of the subject suggested
by no French or English Book of the last century, but by the
mighty change which steam power applied to Ships of War,
rail roads and Snag Boats has produced in the art of War. I
thank my God that the subject of steam power to Harbour im-
provements and Harbour defence is no longer enveloped in
mystery, nor liable to be thrust aside by any miserable or mag-
nificent humbug such as that of the the submarine explosions,
by which the weak are made to believe, and the wicked affect
to believe that our inlets & Harbours are to be defended by
magnetic wire workers.
Give us the proposed plan for deepening our inlets in Peace,
by means necessary to their defense in War- preparatory to
War- and moreover give us rail roads with Dr Morse's Magnetic
Telegraph, and my life for it we shall soon prove to an admir-
ing World that we know how to defend as well as how to Govern
ourselves and our country, and by means applicable alike to
the successful work of making our beloved Republic prosperous
and happy in Peace and impregnable in War.
With very great respect, I am, Dear Sir,
Your friend
Edmund Pendleton Gaines
Major General U. S. Army
commanding the Western Division
The Hon^i^ W. P. Mangum
President of the Senate
Washington City D. C.
Willie P. Mangum to D. Francis Bacon.^
Washington 11*^. January 1845.
My dear Sir
I received this morning a letter from I. H. Pettis, stating
that on the 22'''*. Dec^ he mailed a letter at N. Y. to my address -
^The original is in the Manuscript Collection, Yale University. See above Willie P. Mangum
to D. Francis Bacon, January 2, 1845, and Bacon to Mangum, January 16, 1845.
The Mangum Papers 251
None such has been received by me. - He further, states that
upon my advising you of the fact he will transmit through you
a copy. I shall be glad to receive it.
M*". P. likewise says that I may expect to see you in Washing-
ton in a few days, at which I shall be gratified
If the revelations can be made, that you so confidently be-
lieve within reach, & so as not to exculpate our friends as a
party, they cannot but be of very great importance. - They will
brace the Whigs to renewed & more desperately energetic efforts.
With great respect
Yrs Very truly
Willie P. Mangum
I have rec^. three letters from you, & written but once hither-
to, which I trust, you received. The miscarriage of M'. P's letter,
leads to this statement
W. P. M.
To
D. Francis Bacon
N. Y.
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum.
Washington City 14th. January 1845.
My dear Love:
It has been too long, since I have written to you, but writing
to the children, I have sent home every week, except one. —
My health has been perfectly good since I left home, except for
two or three days past. I have had some cold, which however,
has not annoyed me much. —
I reed, your letters in regard to Eliza Moore. I should have
had great pleasure in aiding her in the manner desired, if my
own affairs would have admitted of it. — The[y] did not, how-
ever.
The times are such, & prices of every kind of produce, is so
low, that everybody almost, needs every thing due them. I
hope, My Love, that you are well & in good spirits. — I desire
252 State Department of Archives and History
extremely to see you & the children. — If I were at perfect ease,
I should enjoy more of real life & happiness to be at home with
you & our dear children, than I could possibly enjoy here in ten
times the length of time. I hope everything is going on well
under the management of Cousin Meekins. — I have great con-
fidence in his judgment, industry & good management.
The Winter here has been usually agreeable, & the Weather
the finest I ever saw in Washington in the Winter. — Our Whig
friends are sombre & melancholy, but in no wise, dispirited in
regard to the future. — Mr. Clay writes me that he and his family
are well, & that he bears with quiet & resignation the unex-
pected result.
Yesterday, we had a duel in the neighbourhood between
Mr. Clingman of No. Carolina & a Mr. Yancey, a member from
Alabama. — ^^ Clingman challenged him for offensive language
used in debate in the Ho. of Reps. — They exchanged shots with-
out injury. Yancy then made suitable explanations & the mat-
ter was settled.
Clingman bore himself with great calmness & resolution,
& went through whole affair in a manner most honorable to
him. —
I hope, my boy William attends to his book a good deal. —
He can do that & catch birds also. — Tell Patty I hope, she will
not let him be neglected. —
Give my Love to Sally, & tell her that I cannot yet fix the
day that I will meet her in Petersburg to attend the inaugura-
tion.
Give my Love to Patty & Mary - & also to my boy, if he has
been good. —
For yourself, My Love, always feel & know that you are
dearer to my heart than all the world, our dear children not ex-
cepted, and I regard it the greatest misfortune of my life, that
my vexed circumstances through life, always affecting or sour-
ing the temper, have not suffered me always to manifest the
full extent of my confidence in you & My Love & affection for
i"Jln the course of the debate in early January, 1845, on annexation, Thomas L. Clingman ac-
cused the Democrats of unfair tactics in the presidential campaign of 1844. W. L. Yancey replied
with a personal attack on Clingman accusing him of being deficient in honor. Clingman challenged
Yancey. The duel was fought near Bladensburg, Maryland. After the first shots the difficulties were
settled by consultation of the seconds. Memorandum of the Late Affair of Honor between Hon. T. L.
Clingman, of North Carolina, and Hon William L. Yancey, of Alabama. Printed by Yancey Feb.
13, 1848, for private circulation. 8 pp. See also Stephen B. Weeks, "The Duello in North Carolina
and among North Carolinians." Charlotte Democrat, December 23, 1887, in Stephen B, Weeks,
Miscellaneous Studies in Southern History, 1886-1897.
The Mangum Papers 253
you. — May God bless you My dear Love & our dear children -
& Spare us many years for love, quiet & affection —
Your affectionate husband
Willie P. Mangum
To Mrs. Charity A. Mangum
I have sent home a good many seeds. — The names & places
ought to be entered in a book when they are planted.
Give my thanks to Patty for her pretty & agreeable letter
to me, & say to Sally, I should like to have an opportunity of
sending my thanks to her.
W. P. Mangum
WPM-D
Reverdy Johnson to Willie P. Mangum.
Annapolis 15 Jany [1845]
/45 - 12 P.M.
My Dear Judge
I know you will be delighted to hear, that in the Whig caucus
tonight, I was selected as Senator of Md., on the first ballot,
having reed, a majority of all the votes — Make it known to our
mutual friends —
Yrs most sincerely
Reverdy Johnson.
[Addressed : ]
Honble
Judge Mangum
In Senate
Washington [Postmarked:] Annapolis Md.
Jan 15
254 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
D. Francis Bacon to Willie P. Mangum.^^
New York, Thursday night,
January 16, 1845.
Sir,
I regret to be compelled to withdraw for a day or two my
promise to meet you in Washington. I have been pushing the
investigation and have made much progress since I wrote to
you. I am backed and supported by some of the best, ablest
and richest men in New York. I have obtained some important
specifications against certain individuals as having planned, di-
rected and suborned. But I wish especially to obtain a list of
the names of the actual performers, with the details of their
operations, specifying the places where the plurality of ballots
were deposited. This I hope soon to obtain. No pains - no
means will be spared to secure this. We deal with the highest
order of our foes. The inducements which we offer are pro-
portional. Tens of thousands are within our scope.
I have many important facts which you ought to know;
but I can not do any justice to them by any other than an oral
statement which I trust soon to give you, - on Sunday or Mon-
night.
Excuse this hasty scrawl, and believe me
With great respect,
yours faithfully,
D. FRANCIS Bacon.
Hon. President of the Senate.
WPM-LC
William H. Battle^ ^ to Willie P. Mangum
Chapel Hill Jan'y 18th 1845
Sir/
The Executive Committee of the Alumni Association of the
University of North Carolina have, in pursuance of the duty
i^See above, Mangum to Bacon, January 2, 11, 1845.
^Aiter graduating from the Universiry in 1820, William Horn Battle, 1802-1879, became an
attorney, state supreme court reporter, judge of the superior and supreme courts of North Carolina
and professor of law at his alma mater. Twice he revised the statutes of the state. D. A. B., IV, 58;
Ashe, Biog. Hist, of N. C, VI, 20-25.
The Mangum Papers 255
assigned them for that purpose, appointed you to deliver an
address before the Association on the day preceding the next
annual commencement of the University, and have instructed
me to inform you of the appointment and to request your ac-
ceptance of it-^^
The Association has been but recently organised and you
are the first person appointed to deliver an address before it.
In making the appointment the committee have adopted a rule
to select a member of the class which was graduated thirty
years before the address is to be delivered, and to invite specially
all the other members who are living to attend.- We trust that
you will assist in promoting the objects of the Association and
gratify your numerous friends by accepting the appointment.
Be pleased to let us hear from you at an early day.
With great regard
I am your's &C.
Will: H. Battle
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Washington City
[Addressed:]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
President of the Senate
Washington, City
WPM-LC
C. L. Hinton to Willie P. Mangum
Raleigh Jany 19*^ 1845
D'-Sir
I dislike very much to trouble you with a third letter^* about
reestablishing the Post office at Busbees Store, but the solicitude
of Mr Loring must be my apology for asking your attention to
the subject at this time.- The particulars I presume you have
not forgotten, Busbee has removed from his former residence
i^Although Mangum did not attend this commencement, the LL.D. degrees were conferred upon
him, James K. Polk, and James Y. Mason. William H. Battle reported that he was unable to obtain
a speaker. In place of an address he and others read brief sketches of the lives of ten of the alumni
who died during the year.. Battle, Hist, of U. N. C, I, 496.
^*See above, 226.
256 State Department of Archives and History
and the Post Office discontinued. Loring has purchased it and
wishes to print his paper there, the situation is ten miles from
this place- no other office nearer than this, it had been keep up
I suppose for twenty year, Loring wishes to be Post master and
I have no doubt is desired by the neighbours — I should have
written to Judge Sanders about it, but I fear his strong prej-
udices to Loring would induce him to oppose it — Be pleased to
write me on the subject-
Very Sincerely
Yr friend
C L HiNTON
[Addressed:]
Hon. Willie P Mangum, M. C.
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
Geo. E. Badger to Willie P. Mangum
Raleigh Jany. 21st. 1845
My dear Sir.
The letter for Judge Wayne^^ enclosed in the same envelope
with this, relating to a question in our Circuit Court here, and
therefore partaking of a public character, may properly be
embraced by the equity of the Statute conferring the franking
privilege on Senators and other dignitaries- I send it therefore
under the protection of your name and beg you will cause it to
be delivered to the Judge.
I suppose you sometimes see Crittenden- If so make my re-
spects to him- and say for me that I should like to learn upon
what terms he now is with his old master Capt. Tyler- I fear he
cannot communicate the information as fully as I should desire
to have it, except in a personal interview- and for this purpose,
to say nothing of others of inferior importance, I beg he will
come and see me- If he knew how much pleasure such a visit
^Judge James M. Wayne, of Georgia, 1790-1867, was appointed as justice of the United States
Supreme Court by Jackson in 1835. He served until his death in 1867. Biog. Dir. of Cong,, \615-
1676; D. A. B., XIX, 565. The enclosure is not in the Mangum Papers.
X c
n • —
>
o -a
&£ i-r<
3
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4-1
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The Mangum Papers 257
would give Mrs. B. and myself, I think he would give us a call
at the end of the session- Tell him to be a clever fellow and do
it-
I beg you to excuse me for the trouble I give you and believe
me
most truly & respectfully
your friend & Servt.
Geo. E. Badger
Hon. Mr. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
The Honorable
W. P. Mangum
Prest. of the Senate
Willie P. Mangum to Patty Mangum^^
Washington 21st. Jan. 1845
My dear Patty,
I have but a moment before going into the chair today. I send
herewith two books for beginners in the French language- the
smaller one in six lessons. I wish you to begin and study it
closely, accurately and with care- You can learn enough to
translate French papers that may occur in your reading- I shall
send you a grammar and dictionary- You will not need them at
present.
I am well- I reed your mother's letter and was glad to hear
that all are well-
My love to Mother, your sisters, Sally and Mary and your
brother William.
Yrs affectionately,
W. P. Mangum
i^The original is in the possession of Mangum Turner, Winston-Salem. N. C.
258 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Redwood Fisher^'^ to Willie P. Mangum
New York Jany. 30. 1845.
The Hble
Willie P Mangum
My Dear Sir
I beg leave to call myself to your friendly recollection,
and to believe my solemn assurances that I have no earthly ob-
jects in writing you at this time, but to save our friends who
are trembling for their fate in case Mr Atwood^^ should be re-
jected by the Senate.
I am almost daily called upon by them and urged to write
to some friend in the Senate. Accordingly I have written to
Mr Huntingdon^^ assuring him, that Mr Atwood is a faithful
public officer, that our friends will be safe if he is confirmed,
and that should he be rejected no one can answer for the con-
sequences, as in that case the whole torrent of Tammany Hall,
will in all probability find a passage into our Custom House,
and not only every Whig, but every moderate man be sacrificed.
I now my dear Sir repeat this to you, and you may rely upon
my knowledge in this matter.
Although I am sure you will believe me without my stating
to you my own Situation and views yet it may not be amiss for
me to say, that I shall be a private citizen in a few weeks. My
open vote, and known attachment for Mr Clay it is alike my
pride, and duty every where to avow, and of course I cannot
hold office under the new dynasty, having no spark of locofoco-
ism in my composition. To our good friends Mess^ Phillips
Phoenix & H Fish^^ my feelings and conduct are well known
and I can with great confidence refer you to them, for the con-
firmation of what I write, as well as regards Mr Atwood as my-
self.
Repeating therefore that I have no earthly motive but the
one stated in urging the confirmation of Mr Atwood I conclude
"Redwood Fisher was a former editor of the Mercantile Advertiser and New York Advocate in
1838. In 1845 he edited the National Magazine and Industrial Record. William and Mary Quarterly,
Ser. 2, Vol. IV, pp. 155-156; Fox, New York City Newspapers, 1820-1830, 65.
isSee above, J. Watson Webb to W. P. Mangum, December 20, 1844.
i^Jabez Williams Huntington, 1788-1847, was Senator from Connecticut from 1840 to 1847.
Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1133.
2ojonas Phillips Phoenix, Congressman from New York in 1843-1845, and Hamilton Fish,
Congressman from New York and future Secretary of State. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 967-968, 1410.
The Mangum Papers 259
fully confiding that you will place this letter to the true motive
which has dictated it and subscribe myself with the greatest re-
spect
Your obt St-
Redwood Fisher
WPM-LC
Samuel B. Williams^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
United States Hotel
New York Feby 5th. 1845
To the
Honl. Willie P Mangum
President of the Senate. &c. &c.
Sir
I most respectfully enclose to your address the
petition of Sundry Gentlemen in favor of a reduction of postage
throughout the United States, and request that the same may
be laid before your honourable body —
deeming a few remarks not illy appropriate on a subject
of this nature, I would observe that I am personally in favor of
a credit system, as I conceive it is the only protection the edu-
cated part of the community, under our form of Government
have over the uneducated, and in order to sustain that System,
I am in favor of a tariff to prevent foreign merchandise coming
into the country to an extent as to deprive our Banks of their
special basis and so far to protect our manufacturers.
I am opposed to a distribution of the general revenue for
State purposes- but would favor an appropriation of four or
more Millions of dollars of surplus revenue for the expenses of
the Post Office department, in order that Newspapers and pam-
phlets may be conveyed free of postage, and letter postage a
mere charge of record — and charge the franking privilege now
enjoyed to the general expenses. —
2iPossibly a commission merchant in New York City. Longworth's New York Directory, 1847-
1848, 443.
260 State Department of Archives and History
I trust you will deem the enclosed petition and remarks
worthy your immediate action — and remain
Most Respectfully
Your obt Servt
Sam. B. Williams
[Endorsed in hand of W.P.M.:]
This accompanied a petition I presented this morning
WPM-LC
William G. Cochran^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Philadelphia Feby 8*^ 1845
Hon: W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate.
Washington City.
My Dear Sir,
I See from the morning papers that the President
has nominated Mr. John M Read^^ of this City as Judge of the
Supreme court of the United States in place of Judge Baldwin
Deceased.
This is certainly one of the Very best appointments Mr
Tyler ever made, and I hope the whig Senators will go for him
unanimously, of course you cannot expect Mr. Polk to nominate
any other than a Loco.
I have been a very active whig here, and I have not seen
any of our friends, that are not in favour of Mr Reads Confirma-
tion, I know him personally, and a more correct gentlemanly
man I never knew-
This is the first of Mr. Tyler appointment I ever wished par-
ticularly, to see confirmed, and as a rebuke to him (Tyler) I
should like to see it unanimous, to shew him that the Whigs were
always ready to go for Gentlemen & competent men when nom-
inated
^William G. Cochran was a wine merchant in Philadelphia. McElroy's Philadelphia Directory,
1852, 78.
23John Meredith Read, 1792-1874, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, was city solici-
tor of Philadelphia, a member of the legisalture, and United States District Attorney before Tyler
in 1845 nominated him for associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. Because of his
anti-slavery views, the Senate rejected the nomination. After that he was attorney general of Pennsyl-
vania and justice of the Pennsylvania supreme court. D. A. B., IX, 427-428.
The Mangum Papers 261
I shall take it as a personal favour if you will use your in-
fluence for him, and believe me Very Truly
Your old friend and obt servant
Wm G Cochran.
P. S. let me know what you think of it.
WPM-LC
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum
Washington Feby 10th 1845
My Dear Sir,
My young friend & connection Benjamin T. [sic'\ Guion,^* is
an applicant for admission as a Cadet at West Point. I fear it
is not in your power to assist him, but he earnestly requests
me to write to you in his behalf —
He is a fine, manly fellow, of good education, the Grandson
of a Revolutionary soldier, and the son of a widowed mother,
who has a large family in narrow circumstances. From the
first district,- Clingman's there is no applicant. Probably you
might have Guion appointed to fill that vacancy, if Clingman has
no constituent who desires the place.
Genl Scott, as he has I think according to usage, the right of
nominating a few, would take pleasure in pleasing you.- If you
can see Scott, & it is not too late, say a word, on my part, & from
yourself for young Guion. Arrington of course, will do nothing
for any Whig family. —
Nothing new with us — We ardently hope the Senate will
save us from the Annexation-with Texas. —
In haste
Your's truly
Edw. Stanly
Hon : W. P. Mangum
W. City
Don't forget Brown's case:-^^ one of the Vice Presidents of
Tyler's convention went to the Capt: & he in his presence sent
^Benjamin Simmon Guion, of New Bern, 1826-1893, graduated at the University of North
Carolina in 1848. He became the superintendent of the Western North Carolina Railroad and a
major in the Confederatee army. Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C, 241.
25See above Edward Stanly to W. P. Mangum, December 2, 1844, and February 15, 1845.
262 State Department of Archives and History
his nomination to the Senate! i know this.- It is already divid-
ing them & the Locos:- let a Loco have it, he cannot help this,
but not a Tyler man & a corrupt man (of course) at that.-
[Addressed : ]
Hon: Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City
WPM-LC
Louisa S. Childs^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Rochester Feb. 10th 1845
Dear Sir
When I recall to your memory the name of Mrs. Childs a
member of the little Mess at Miss Tolson's two winters ago, I
trust that I need not apologize for the liberty I take in request-
ing your frank for two Carolina friends.
Our little company has been scattered far and wide, and
you, I believe, are the only one remaining in Washington. — Of
Mr. Shepherd^^ I have heard nothing, of Mr. & Mrs Williams
very little, since we parted. Of poor Miss Gamble I heard that
she had sought refuge in the West-Indies against consumption,
but nothing more. —
The late Election closed the door against many anticipated
reunions of Whig friends.- Except myself, all were gay and
sanguine here untill the very last day of the campaign.- For
more than a year I felt a painful presentiment of our defeat,
and frequently urged upon Mr. Childs the possibility of a dis-
appointment, but he laughed at my presages, and when I did
come it struck to his very heart. — It was a terrible blow to all,
but of all the causes that conspired to inflict it the Liberty party
was the most treacherous and detestable. Compared with them
the herd of foreign convicts and Paupers who were bribed to
roll the car of Loco-Focoism over the laws and liberties of the
^Probably the wife of Timothy Childs, who was a Whig Congressman from Rochester, New
York in 1841-1843. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 807.
2^She probably refers to A. H. Shepperd, Whig Congressman from North Carolina in 1841-
1843; Christopher Harris Williams, Whig Congressman from Tennessee, 1837-1843; and the daugh-
ter of Roger Lawson Gamble, Whig Congressman from Georgia in 1841-1843. Biog. Dir. of Cong.,
998. 1517. 1703.
The Mangum Papers 263
nation are pure. But I did not intend to trespass on your time
by useless political regrets or party phillipics, for without re-
curing to causes it is quite enough for us that the victory we so
justly deserve was wrested from us. — Mr C sends his best re-
spects.—
You will oblige me much by sending Mr Clingman's
speech.-^^ I do not know him, but I am deeply interested in any
one whose talents reflects honor upon my native state. —
Who will be our next candidate for President. I wish you
would make us a visit and talk it over before you return to
Carolina. We should be truly happy to see you. Yours, very
respectfully
Louisa S. Childs.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington, D. C.
WPM-LC
W. A, Graham to Willie P. Mangum and Enclosure.
[13 February, 1845]
RESOLUTION Relative to the Re-Building of the Branch Mint
at Charlotte.29
Resloved, That out Senators and Representatives in Con-
gress be respectfully requested to urge upon their respective
bodies the expediency and necessity of making a sufficient ap-
propriation for re-building the Branch Mint at Charlotte, in
this State.
Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed
as sanctioning the former extravagant expenditures of the
Branch Mint, or of recommending the Edifice to be furnished
for the personal comfort of the officers, but that it shall be de-
signed and constructed solely for the purpose of coining money
for the public advantage.
28In early January Thomas L. Clingman made a strong attack on annexation and on Calhoun.
Yancey replied and the duel followed. See above, 25 2n.
2«On July 27, 1844, a fire almost totally destroyed the building and machinery of the mint.
In 1846 it was rebuilt but because of competition with California gold and the decline in output
in North Carolina gold mines, the Charlotte mint soon became of little importance. Robert L.
Cherry. "The Charlotte Mint." The Tarheel Banker, XVI. No. 9 (March, 1939). pp. 21-23.
264 State Department of Archives and History
Resolved, That his Excellency, the Governor, be respectfully-
requested to transmit to our Senators and Representatives in
Congress, a copy of the foregoing Resolution.
Read three times in General Assembly, and ratified the 8th
January, 1845.
Edw. Stanly,
Speaker of the House of Commons.
Burgess S. Gaither.
Speaker of the Senate.
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, |
Office Of Secretary Of State. J
I, William Hill, Secretary of State, in and for the State of
North Carolina, do hereby certify, that the above is a true copy
of resolutions passed at the last General Assembly of this State.
Given under my hand, this 13th. day of February, 1845.
Wm. Hill
Executive Department
Raleigh, Feby 13/45.
Sir,
By the request of our last Legislature, I have the honor to
transmit the foreging Resolutions-
Very respectfully
Will. A. Graham
WPM-LC
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington [North Carolina,] Feby: 15th 1845
My Dear Sir,
The worst part of the correspondence with friends is, that
it imposes on us the duty of answering their letters. I know the
nature of your engagements & do not expect or request an an-
swer.—
The Mangum Papers 265
I wish you to have, if you can speedy action on Brown's
case. — ^^ There will be probably in a few days, several applica-
tions from this district for his place & some from decent, honest
men. — Arrington's favorite, is a Mr. Cananay, a trifling, bloated
drunkard & gambler - some other decent nomination will be
made should Brown be rejected: no matter whom - let him be
rejected.
Jesse Speight was his patron & friend, in 1833 or 34, when a
nullifier was turned out & he put in - this may do to whisper in
the ears of Huger, McDuffie & Lewis^^ & will have its influence.-
& I am afraid Jesse will exert himself with Polk & have him
retained. He married in Greene Co., where Jesse formerly
lived.- Early action is very necessary, for after rejection Polk
will be excusable for preferring some Democrat, to a Tyler man,
accused also of malpractice in office, as Brown is. —
Col: Tayloe formerly a member of the State Convention,
one of the Com: who received Mr Clay in Raleigh & recently a
Senator from Beaufort & Hyde, was the States rights man,
turned out by Jackson for Brown. —
Do quickly, whatever is to he done with this case, & let me
have a single line informing me of the result. — Call the atten-
tion of Messrs. Huntington, Baerrien & others to this case. —
Mrs. S. sends her kind regards. —
Very truly your's
Edw. Stanly
Hon: W. P. Mangum
W. City
[Addressed : ]
Hon: Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City
[Postmarked:] Washington N. C. Feb 16
^'See above, Edward Stanly to W. P. Mangum, December 2, 1844 and February 10, 1845.
3iDaniel E. Huger, a states' rights Democrat in the Senate from 1843 to 1845; George Mc-
Duffie, a Calhoun supporter in the Senate, 1843-1846; and Dixon Hall Lewis, a states* rights Demo-
crat from Alabama in the Senate, 1844-1848. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1126, 1222-1223. 1261.
266 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Quinhy Williams'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Baltimore Feby 19th. 1845
Honored Sir
It becomes my duty in my official capacity to inform you of
your Election as an Honorary Member of the
Ogden Institute
Very Respectfully
QuiNBY Williams,
Cor Sec.
Hon W. P Mangum
[Addressed:]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
Tod R. Caldwell to Willie P. ManguTn
MoRGANTON 19*^. Febry 1845
Honl. W. P. Mangum
Dear Sir. I rec*^. a day or two ago a letter from an uncle of
mine in the State of Alabama, Cornelius Robinson Esqr.^^ in-
forming me that he is an applicant for the office of Marshall for
the Southern District of Alabama, and requesting me if I had
any friends in Congress, to write to them and ask their influence
in his favour. I do not suppose the President will be apt to con-
sult the Whigs in regard to his appointments, but perhaps
something might be done by a Whig thro' some democrat who
is a personal friend-. If you can use any influence in behalf of
Mr. Robinson you will confer a favour on me by doing so, he
will not be objectionable to the President on account of his
32Unable to identify.
23From Nortli Carolina, Robinson moved to Georgia where he married Kezziah Hardwick in
1816 and then moved to Alabama. William and Mary Quarterly, Ser. 2, Vol. Ill, p. 157.
The Mangum Papers 267
politics, for he is a good democrat, and I think a gentleman well
qualified for the discharge of all the duties of the office for
which he is an applicant-.
We have no news of interest in our Mountain country, every-
thing seems to be moving on smoothly in the political world
and the people are beginning to get over their disappointment
in the result of the Presidential election and I am happy to say
are Whigs as firm and as true as they were the day they voted
for Clay & Frelinghuysen, they have no variableness or shadow
of turning,- We are anxiously awaiting every day the news of
the defeat of the Texas resolution by your honourable body.-
Minerva desires me to send her love to you.-
I am, dear Sir, Your
Obt. Svt.
Tod R. Caldwell
[Addressed : ]
Honl. W. P. Mangum
Senate U. States
Washington
D. C.
WPM-NC
Willie P. Mangum to Tod R. Caldwell
Washington City 20*^. Feby 1845.
My dear Sir.
As events at Washington are rapidly Verging to a point of
high & fearful interest I avail myself of a leisure moment to
write to you a few lines.
I think now, & to day for the first time, that the joint resolu-
tions for the Annexation of Texas will pass the Senate.- It will
not pass without amendment, but so amended as to Meet with
268 State Department of Archives and History
favor from the democracy of the House.-^* Benton's proposition
with probably some amendment, will most likely be added to
the joint reso: offering to Texas the alternative of accepting
the terms of the Resolution : or in the case of her refusal to open
negotiation with Commissioners & the stipulations to be sub-
mitted to both Governments for acceptance or rejection.-
The annexation in this form will excite deep feeling in the
North, North east & East. It will stir to its foundation the aboli-
tion & antislavery feeling, & lead not remotely I fear, to a state
of things to be deplored by every friend of the Country.- The
arrival of the President elect has given a powerful impulse to
party action on this subject.- He is for Texas, Texas, Texas; &
talks of but little else, as I learn.- He says that the Democrat
who shall falter, will have thrown upon him a fearful responsi-
bility.- You cannot easily estimate the Weight of influence that
a New President backed by his party, can exercise, upon the
Weak the doubting, the Mercenary & the paltrily & measly am-
bition.- Benton, the manliest among them, will be compelled to
Compromise, or succumb, or be crushed.- The tone of the English
press- recking the most offensive & worst possible spirit, in
connection with her undoubted diplomatic movements & in-
trigues, to Combine Europe against our further aggrandizement,
& her efforts to poison the public mind of Mexico ag* us, as well
as the heads of as many in Texas, as her policy or money can
reach, give a vast momentum to the other popular & party con-
siderations, in favor of annexation.- Though our Gov^ has done
much to disgrace itself in this matter, & ought to be held by our
countrymen to the strictest responsibility yet I will never rec-
ognize the rightful interposition of any European Power in a
matter of this sort.- I would repel it, as far as I might, with
the whole resources of our Gov*. & people. It is obvious that
the whole diplomatic Corps here, are adverse to the Course of
the party in power- that gives strength to it.- The foreign War
340n January 25, 1845, the House, by a vote of 120 to 98, approved the joint resolution. The
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations reported unfavorably on the resolution February 4. There-
upon, Benton proposed a substitute bill which would have left to the negotiation of the United States
and Texas the boundaries and the terms of cession. All of this delayed matters until only two weeks
were left before the adjournment of Congress. By Benton's action the Democrats were split and the
Whigs hoped to use this division for their political advantage. Annexation seemed certain. The only
question was its foim. February 13 Polk arrived in Washington and things began changing. He ap-
parently used patronage to mfluence Senators. Houston had already announced that if annexation was
not passed by March 4 he would take the stump against any other effort to join the United States.
Reports from France and Great Britain also influenced some to vote for the measure. Robert J.
Walker solved the problem by proposing that Benton's bill be added as an alternative choice either
of which the President was left free to adopt under the joint resolution. The amended resolution
passed the Senate 27 to 25 and the House 132 to 76. Wiltse, Calhoun: Sectionalist, 212-214; Chit-
wood, John Tyler, 359; Eugene I. McCormac, James K. Polk: A Political Biography, Berkeley, 1922,
312-316.
The Mangum Papers 269
can grow out of this rapacious act- Mexico cannot, & England
will not fight for Texas, but she will for Oregon.
The War Spirit is high with the democracy, especially the
Western Section of it.- As War with G. Britain would bring
to them more prosperity & money, than would Six inches of
the richest Compost bring to the barren fields of Carolina, were
it to descend from the Clouds!- Our Whole Atlantic board would
be swept for the first year, as with a Sirocco of fire- & the float-
interest w**. sink into the earth with the oppressive Weight .-
I hope nothing, Committing us to War, Will be done on the
Oregon question.- If we w*^. but be quiet, that Country would
fall into our possession without an effort, as soon, at least, as
We shall need it.-
Polk Keeps Close on his Cabinet, & holds up the matter, with
a high demo: policy, until the Texas question shall be settled-
He desires to avoid the responsibility of his Adm'^ for that
policy & the form of urging it for war, & yet indirectly, does
all he can to push it through at this Session.- His great men
obviously are- Walker, Buchanan, Cave Johnson & I think
Saunders- Calhoun must walk the plank-^^ Every thing is yet
uncertain, & famished Wolves would not work with more eager
& greedy effort than do the different Sections of the democracy.
The Whigs are at ease, they are quiet, cherishing no ex-
cessive feeling, but as a mass devoted to the principles of their
Cause- Three Will Vote for Texas- Foster^^ as sound a Whig as
any, in other respects.- Henderson & Merrick always a little
fishy, & possibly Johnson of Louisiana, who has not yet given
sufficient evidence of his power to resist very strong action up-
on him.-
The old North has stood firmly.- How does Clingman get on
among your religionists & churchmen ?^^ He is a fine, bold, de-
cided & talented fellow- of great use to us here.-
It was to be regretted that he had to fight, but it was un-
avoidable, & to have declined would have disgraced him here &
destroyed his just Weight & influence.- Whereas now, even the
upturned White eyes of the puritan of New England, look up-
^Calhoun's friends brought much pressure on Polk to have Calhoun appointed. On February 26
Polk finally told Calhoun that there was to be an entirely new Cabinet. According to some. Senator
John A. Dix, a Barnburner from New York, agreed to vote for the annexation of Texas if Polk
would agree not to bring Calhoun into his Cabinet, McCormac, James K. Polk, 289-290; Wiltse,
Calhoun: Sectionalist, 213-214.
*He refers to Ephraim H. Foster, Senator from Tennessee, John Henderson, Senator from Mis-
sissippi, William D. Merrick, Senator from Maryland, and Henry Johnson, Senator from Louisiana.
Foster voted against the resolution of annexation. The others voted for it. N ties' Register, LXVII, 401.
®^He refers to T. L. Clingman's duel with W. L. Yancey.
270 State Department of Archives and History
on him with Confidence & respect.- I trust, no Court in No. Ca.
(however muc[h] in the abstract, I abhor duelling, & abhor &
scorn & detest the Wanton seeker of duels) will require a son
of No. Ca to sacrifice his honor & public usefulness rather than
resent an indignity & gross outrag[e]
Present my Love & most affectionate regards to your dear
Wife, & accept for yourself the assurance
my high respect & friendship
Willie P Mangum
To
Tod Caldwell esq^
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to Willie P. Mangum
New^ York
February 21. 1845
My Dear Sir.
William Paxton Hallett, who has been nominated as Consul
to Liverpool, is a gentleman of character & intelligence; and
although a Loco Foco, by far the most unexceptional appoint-
ment Mr. Tyler has made from the ranks of our opponents. I
sincerely hope he may be confirmed, as Polk will certainly give
us a Van man.- I hope to be with you next week.
Yours very truly
J. Watson Webb
Hon. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
To the Hon
W. P. Mangum
Washington City
D. C.
The Mangum Papers 271
Willie P. Mangum to William A. Graham^^
Washington City 21«*. Feby: 1845.
My dear Sir.
I have not written to you, because we have had nothing of
interest, that did not mostly appear in the public prints. - Events
are rapidly verging here to a point of great & startling interest. -
I now believe, & yesterday for the first time, that the Resolu-
tion from the House annexing Texas, will pass the Senate, pro-
bably with amendment that will be agreed to in the House. -
It will produce deep & dangerous excitement in portions of
the North & East. Besides the outrage upon the Constitution &
past precedents, it will stir deeply the anti Slavery feeling, &
shake profoundly the confidence of higher & better men in the
perpetuity of our system. - This feeling will be confined for the
most part to the North, North east & the East.
I think it likely the resolution will pass, to be submitted to
Texas - if declined by her - then an alternative proposition to
be submitted to her through commissioners - This alternative
proposition will most probably be Benton's^^ - recently sub-
mitted - with an amendment requiring the Missouri Com-
promise to be recognized as the basis of any Convention or other
arrangement - In this form three Whigs will vote for it - Foster.
Merrick & Henderson. -
There is some difficulty in the Demo: ranks, but all will go
it, in my opinion, except Tappan^^ - With him they have much
difficulty - They will overcome it. - With two Presidents Polk
& Tyler upon him, & the whole party, he will either Vote with
them or decline to Vote - In either case, the measure will pass.
Polk has given a strong impulse to party action on this subject
since his arrival.
It is understood that he constantly says, that the Democrat
who shall stand out, will have thrown upon him a fearful re-
sponsibility.-
Nothing is known certainly as to the new Cabinet.*^ There
has been & still is raging the fiercest party strife between the
different sections. - Calhoun I think, will go out - Prodigious
s^The original is in the William A. Graham Papers, University of North Carolina.
89See above, 229n, 268n.
**'Benjamin Tappan, Senator from Ohio from 1839 to 1845, had anti-slavery leaning. Never-
theless, he voted for the annexation of Texas even though Thomas Corwin, a Whig, had just been
elected to succeed him. Garrison, Westward Extension, 152; Niles' Register, LXVII, 401.
*^For a good discussion of the problems involved in the selection of Polk's Cabinet see McCormac,
^ames K. Polk, 287-299.
272 State Department of Archives and History
efforts have been made in his favor & against Buchanan. - It is
understood that the Vice President elect, v^ithout exactly co
operating with Calhoun, is operating as far as he decently can
ag^ Buch : - Mason may remain. - The great men here, & certainly
the most busy in Consultation. & the most imposing by a Certain
knowing & mysterious look full of portents - are Senator Walker -
Cave Johnson - Buchanan & Saunders. Three of the four, if not
all, may be in the Cabinet. Col. Butler was brought on for the
War department - It is less likely, than it seemed to be a week
ago, that he will get it.
Polk is in great difficulty, & tho, coming here with as he
thought fixed resolves, he by this time, I apprehend, finds it
impossible, to resolve upon anything. -
It is very sure the Cabinet will have but little force of
talent. - It ought to be so. - Who would not regret to see the
choice of this great & free people thrown into Shadow by over
topping talent. -
If Polk shall not be firmer & more conservative than I fear,
& will prove to be, we may not unreasonably indulge appre-
hension in regard to a war with England. -
She will fight for Oregon - not for Texas, or put herself to
any trouble beyond diplomatic intrigues to counteract the rank
& rapacious movement of this Country.
I write during the sitting of the Senate & with great haste,
supposing these hints & scraps of intelligence may not be un-
interesting to you -
With great respect Yr
friend & ob*. Serv*.
To Gov. Graham - Willie P. Mangum
[Endorsed on back:] 1845
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
The Mangum Papers 273
WPM-LC
C. iV. B. Evans^^ to Willie P. Mangum,
Milton, N. C. Feb. 24, 1845
Hon. W. P. Mangum —
Dear Sir: As my subscription to the National Intelligencer
expired on the 7th. inst., you will do me a kind favor to call on
the Editors and have it renewed by paying the difference be-
tween our respective papers, which, I believe is $3, and for
which I will account to you satisfactorily. I don't think the
Editors ought to charge me any difference — I am sure if they
knew how much I had the Whig cause at heart, what sacrifices
I have made for it, and am still making, they would not charge
me, provided they be Whigs of ''the true grit," of which I do
not doubt.
The democrats are making great efforts to put me down
here in Caswell. They find I am not to be driven or run off,
and now they seek to starve me to death. For this purpose, a
"joint stock office" is to be established here, and Gen. Baz.
Graves^^ is to edit and publish and [sic] democratic paper -
* 'Milton Banner."^* I will battle as long as I can stand, and if
fall I must my expiring breath will be spent strugling to strike
another blow.
I think Mr. Rives, of Va., has delivered the ablest speech on
the Texas question,^^ ever delivered in the Senate - perhaps I
should accept [sic] Col. Th. H. Benton. Will you be so good as
to send me a pamphlet copy of Mr. Rives' speech?
Your humble servt, I
C. N. B. Evans.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington City
D. C.
^^Charles N. B. Evans was a native of Virginia who did journalistic work in Columbia, Raleigh,
Richmond, Hilisboro, Greensboro, and Milton. From 1836 to 1839 he was part owner of the
Greens borough Patriot. In 1841 he bought the Milton Spectator and changed its name to the Milton
Chronicle, which he published until 1861. From 1870 to 1872 he published the Hillsborough Re-
corder. In 1873 he returned to Milton and again published the Milton Chronicle. A Checklist of
U. S. Newspapers in Duke Univ. Library, IV, 543, 556, 574-575; Johnson, AnteBellum N. C, 769.
*2For a brief sketch of Barzilla Graves see above I, 62n.
^The Union List of Newspapers and the Checklist of U. S. Newspapers in Duke University Li-
brary do not indicate that this newspaper was ever published.
*fOn February 15, 1845, W. C. Rives spoke in the Senate on the joint resolution of annexation.
He said that he did not oppose annexation if it could be accomplished without violating the consti-
tution and without disturbing the peace with other nations. Most of his speech was an attack on the
unconstitutionality of acquiring territory by joint resolution instead of treaty. Cong. Globe, 28 Cong.,
2 sess.. appendix. 378-382.
274 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Calvin Colton to Willie P. Mangum.
Philadelphia, Feby 25. 1845
My Dear Sir,
Your first impressions of Mr. Clay*^ are very much coveted
by me, & are v^anted now, if you can find time to sit down a few
minutes, & give me a sketch of them, & address them to me at
Philadelphia. You will great oblige me by so doing, & I fancy
there will be a charm in it —
Very respectfully Yours,
C. Colton.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Prest. U. S. Senate
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
Thomas Ruffin^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Raleigh, February 28th 1845.
My dear Sir./
Although reluctant to trouble you on such a subject at this
juncture of political turmoil at Washington, I find myself un-
der some sort of necessity to do so, for the better discharge of
a public duty; and therefore I am sure you will excuse the li-
berty I take. —
You will remember that the Bankrupt Act of August 1841
provides, that as to debts "created in consequence of a defalca-
tion as a public officer, or as executor, administrator, guardian,
or trustee, or while acting in any other fiduciary capacity," no
person shall become a voluntary bankrupt.*^ A question is de-
pending in the Supreme Court here, as to the proper construc-
tion of the clause in respect to debts created in any other fidu-
*^At this time Calvin Colton was writing his life of Clay which appeared in 1846.
*^Thomas Ruffin was at this time chief justice of the North Carohna Supreme Court.
<8See above, III. 266a.
The Mangum Papers 275
ciary capacity than one of those expressly mentioned, namely,
as a public offer, executor &c.- Of course, it will be the duty
of the Judges to put on the act the construction that to them
may seem proper; but in doing so, it would be satisfactory to
them to have the aid of previous adjudications by other respect-
able Courts & especially of those of the Supreme Court of the
United States, if any such have been made. Mr. Badger tells
me, that he thinks that tribunal a year or two [ago] held, in an
opinion delivered by Ch: J. Taney, that "fiduciary capacity"
did not include the relation of principal & agent between private
persons sui juris; for example, where the debt arises by a col-
lection of money by one as the agent of another. Now the Re-
ports by Mr Howard for the last year are not to be had here;
and it is to ask the favour of you to make the requisite enquiry
upon the point, that I now trouble you.
You will oblige me very much by asking the Chief -Justice or
some gentleman of the bar or Mr. Howard, what adjudications,
if any, have been made on the point; and, if so, by being good
enough to send me the substance of the opinion. Badger says
he has an impression, that what he saw on the subject was in
a newspaper; and it has occurred to me that possibly, if that be
true, the adjudication might not have been in the Supreme Co
but was made by the Ch. Justice in one of his Circuit Courts.
Presuming that he will take pleasure in stating how the fact is,
I trust I do not impose on you an unpleasant task in requesting
you to ask the information from him, if you should find any
difficulty in finding the case in the Reports, that are accessible
to you.
You will be pleased to hear, that our friends Mr. Cain & Mr
P. C. Cameron reached us night before last on their return
from their long tour to the South : both in good health.
With much respect & esteem,
Dear Sir,
Your friend & Obdt. Svt.
Thomas Ruffin.
[Addressed : ]
Honble. Wilie P. Mangum
Of the Senate
Washington City.
276 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
James Cass Williams^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York March 1 1845
Wm P Mangum Esq
Sir
I feel it my duty to state to you, the position R. C. Wet-
more and M. O. Robert,^^ took immediately after the treachery
of John Tyler to the Whig party disclosed itself.
The Tyler party was anxious to obtain an organ her[e] and
the choice lay between two papers, the Aurora, and the New
York Arena published by T. L Nicholls.
R. C. Wetmore, the man whom the Whig party had favored
with an office, but four months before, was the agent to do the
corrupt deed and he paid Mr Nicholls Two hundred dollars in
cash for the good his paper had done, as the choice for the Gov-
ernment fell on the Aurora.
And now the same set, through the same influence ask the
Whig Senate to confirm the appointment of P M Wetmore,^^
brother to R C Wetmore for the same office, all to aid Mr Roberts
and Mr Benson men who by their connexion with Tylerism did
more to injure the Whig Party than all others combined-
I hope Justice will be done these men by the immediate re-
jection of Wetmore
Yours Truly
James Cass Williams
[Addressed : ]
Hon^ W. P. Mangum
In Senate
Washington
D. C
*^Possibly a carriage trimmer in New York City. Longworth's New York Directory, 1844-1845,
380.
soSee above, III, 161.
^iProsper M. Wetmore was appointed by Polk to be navy agent at New York. Niles' Register,
LXVII, 34; Exec. Journal of Senate, VI, 394.
The Mangum Papers 277
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum
Washington 3rd. March 1845.
My dear Love,
This is the last day of the session, & tonight I suppose we
shall sit up all night. I have left the chair for a moment, sim-
ply to say to you, that I am not quite well- I have been too
much confined to the Chair of late-
Tomorrow is the inauguaration of Mr Polk. & then my duties
in the chair cease, or rather they will cease, when I swear in
the Vice President tomorrow. —
We shall be kept here 7. or 8. or 10 days perhaps in Ex-
ecutive session, & perhaps longer.- I donot expect to get home
before the 17th. or 18th. of the month & perhaps even later. I
may write again next week if we are likely to be detained longer.
I wish very much to get home & see you & our children. I
hope you are well. I have not time to say more.-
My Love to all the Children,
& believe me as ever,
your most affectionate husband
W. P. Mangum
WPM-LC
J. Whitehorne^^ to Willie P. Mangum,.
[7 March, 1845]
Sir,
Will you oblige me by Sitting for your portrait once or twice
at your earliest convenience. From 10 o'clock until 11 ^/^ or
from 2 until 5 o'clock or any time between those hours would
suit me perfectly well
Very respectfully
J. Whitehorne.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
March 7th 1845.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
Present —
^James Whitehorne was a portrait painter in New York City. I have been unable to ascertain
if the portrait was painted. Wilson's Business Directory of New York City, 1848, 185.
278 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Stephen Moore ^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
HiLLSBORo': Mar. 11, 1845.
My dear Sir.
I am just requested by my friend Jno. Stafford Esq.^^ to call
your attention [to] a Letter he wrote you some time in Decem.
requesting you to call at the Patent office and procure for him
the specifications of a Patetents for a Th[r]eshing machine ob-
tained by a man by the name of Parsons. The machine on which
Louis H. Morse made the improvement, and also the time the
Patent was granted. I will pay you at sight whatever expense
attends it — Direct to John Stafford, Snow Camp Post office,
Orange-
I must [ask you] if you will permit, that you call at the office
of the National Intelligencer and Settle my subscription to that
Paper up to this time and stop the paper. I regret the necessity
that impels me to do so, but I am not able to take it any longer.
Your daughter Sally came to town yesterday, left your
family pretty well. She has come up to attend a Wedding that
comes off tomorrow night at Gov. Grahams - between Miss
Mary Washington^^ and a Mr. Graham, son I understand of Mr.
Jno. Graham.
Very respectfully
Step. Moore.
[Addressed : ]
Honbl. W. P. Mangum
Washington City
D. C.
^^A relative of Mangum.
"See above. III, 16n.
^Joseph Montrose Graham, the son of John Graham and nephew of Governor William A.
Graham. Joseph Montrose Graham married Mary Washington, daughter of John Washington, of
New Bern, March 12, 1845, at Governor Graham's residence in Hillsboro. Hillsborough Recorder,
March 20. 1845.
The Mangum Papers 279
WPM-LC
Thos. L. Ragsdale^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Washington.
13th. March 1845.
My Dear Sir,
Mrs. Weed, widow of Maj. Weed late of the M. Corps, has
prevailed on me- much against my sense of propriety- to state
to you that she has no doubt the death of her father R. M.
Whitney ^^ will be hastened if his nomniation be rejected. She
heard of your kind feeling for the distressed; and she relies up-
on that to conciliate you and consequently your friends in his
favor. I took the liberty to promise for you; that if you had
no insuperable objections, you would be gratified to obey her
wishes.
Having myself received so many unmerited acts of kindness
from you, it is presumptuous for me to mention it to you. But
Mrs. W. declares, that these numerous obligations already con-
ferred, ought to prevent you from denying me on on [sic] the
present occasion. I feel that I may be wrong in this; but it is
impossible for me to say no to the request of a lady.
I am yr. obliged friend
Thos. L. Ragsdale.
Hon.
W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senator.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
U. S. Senator
Washington
58See above, III, 305n.
s'See above, II. 430n.
280 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum.
Washington City, 16th. March 1845.
Sunday evening, at 7 o'clock, P.M.
My dear Love.
I had supposed that the Senate would adjourn tomorrow,
and in that event, I should have left here on Thursday morning,
& stopt one day in Petersburg & got home on Saturday or Sun-
day evening next. I shall be compelled to stay at least two
days; & most probably, three days after the adjournment —
Ten minutes ago, I heard, that Mr. Bates a Senator from
Massachusetts, who has been sick for a fortnight, died this even-
ing at 20 minutes after six oclock, this evening, - that is - forty
minutes ago.- This sad event will keep us here until (probably)
thursday or friday next, and in that case, I may not be ex-
pected at home before the Week of this coming in. — I shall be
at home, as soon as I can get there. — I have never more de-
sired to see you My Love, and our dear children. — My health
is now good. — I have had a very bad cold, but am getting well.
I went to Baltimore on friday evening to buy some articles of
furniture, & returned last night.
I hoped by going, to get home, a day sooner. I trust my dear
Love, you are all well. — I anticipate with much happiness, the
long recess, that we shall be together, if our lives be spared.-
At no period of our lives, My Love, have I felt that you were
more necessary to my happiness. — That you know My Love, &
that you must never doubt.
We are too old, & we have lived together too long, to think
of any thing but ourselves our dear children, & our duties to
ourselves our Connexions & the world - & the world to come —
Give my Love to our dear Children, & believe, me as ever.
Most truly & affectionately
Your husband
Willie P. Mangum
To
Mrs. Charity A. Mangum.
The Mangum Papers 281
WPM-LC
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum
Confidential
Monday March 19th 1845
My dear Sir
I leave Washington this evening and there were many mat-
ters I wished to talk to you about before I left. I feared that I
had already monopolized more than my fair proportion and I
believe an poor man if he is proud grows more fastidious every
day as his case becomes the harder.
You will recollect that in a conversation we had together on
Tuesday last you mentioned that you should call on Mr Polk
before you left and it would depend upon the look of things
whether, if he gave you the opportunity you would ask him a
favor— You were kind enough to say also that if he did give
you the chance you would submit my name to him.
Judge I am brief for I wish to be earnest. I leave that to
your own judgement & kindness. If you think it right to ad-
dress Mr Polk, upon the subject, I shall abide the result. I do
not wish to press the matter in any way — because if no other
reason operated upon my mind than the Whig faith, which God
Almighty has stamped upon my soul — I would in deep & earnest
gratitude & love towards you & for you — leave in your hands
without reserve — my own fate.
My dear sir you will appreciate the agony of my mind, so to
speak, when I tell you that the sun never shone on one of my
years, when fortunes were so fair as mine last October. View-
ing the election of Mr Clay as almost assured, I wanted no office
that he or any power could bestow. One short month brought
with his defeat reverses that overwhelmed me — My own dis-
aster was nothing — but my family's was intensively [?] severe.
I bent under it but did not break. You may judge how much
I embarked in the hope of that charge' ship when I tell you it
was my last plank. Pending my labors to obtain it my wife
gave birth to another daughter, making four in all that call
me father. I would have been where my duty called me. I was
mistaken about the periods when its coming should be expected
& my dear lady forbore to inform me of its birth, until she was
282 State Department of Archives and History
hapily out of danger — the while she hoped & believed I would
succeed. It was not my own fault that I did not. Now my dear
sir I have given you a painful recital. It is so for me to make
& I am very sure, from the knowledge I have of you — not un
so far for you to hear. I would not lift the veil further. I cannot
stand still I must move on. How?
If there is an opening in any leading paper in our State I
would much rather throw myself in the way of so earning a
livlihood than by adopting any other plan. Here in me is not
a matter that exists today & expires tomorrow. The devotion
of my heart, toward Henry Clay & those whom I recognize as
coordinate Gods of my idolatry, has become in me a fixed &
changeless principle. I would most fervently pray for full, free
opportunity to prove to them, that I value their friendship &
regard by a standard that circumstances cannot control. Now
if I see such an opportunity and endeavour to reach it, pVd
that my friends must say that it is desirable, will they take the
trouble to say so? If there is no such opportunity, then I must
turn, amid the hord, to [illegible] and right cheerfully will I
embrace any recourse for better men than myself are prostrate.
If it occurs that I can establish myself with some leading press
I shall then be in a condition to prove what Byron denies — that
there is no being besides *a woman and a dog' that is grateful —
ay that a true man is grateful also.
If our friends in New York move at all with the set that
are arranging for the next canvass, I deem it of the utmost im-
portance to let the McLean & Scott folks move as much as they
please, so we hold the check rein. Indeed I think the purpose
I have nearest my heart will be best answered by suggesting
now your name as second on the ticket that may be formed, un-
til we force 'the obsolete idea' & the other candidates- to abide
by the expressed will of a National Convention, and then we
have them. They dare not assail you as second now- and then
if, as I religiously believe, from long experience of Scott & Mc-
Lean men, they should quarrel among themselves- we can
then step in as mediators and heal the breach by naming our
second as the general first. Indeed this seems so perfectly adapted
to succeed that I shall, if not overruled, move in it very shortly.
I can see already that the elements of intrigue are at work, and
the best way to defeat them effectually is to appear to fall in
The Mangum Papers 283
with them readily. Our friends are not always safe. It would
have been better this Spring where success was problematical
to have permitted the nomination of a Federalist or Bluelight
and let him try his chance to be soundly thrashed. Now we
have put up, I fear, one of our kindred, to be sadly beaten- This
gives an unnecessary advantage to the 'obsoletes' and permits
them to claim places in the Lexicon from which they would be
otherwise excluded.
I shall be able, soon after my return to New York, to give
you a list of reliable & faithful Mangum men. Perhaps, so little
do I believe you have ever thought of such a contingency, you
will be somewhat astonished to learn their number and effi-
ciency. We are bound if we strike at all to war for success. I
think the probabilities are in favor of such a glorious result.
For two years your own name as first shall be or should be
locked up in the breasts of your friends — the while they moved
on steadily in view of the ultimate result [.] To me it is very
plain and I believe you will think it practicable within a year.
I believe you to be perfectly unambitious as regards this high
position. You will therefore be the least likely of any one, to
be able to judge of your own prospects of success. A far off
great men have, like the distant mountain, grown magnificent
from the distance. Few have stood the test of close and daily
observation. Mr. Clay, Mr Calhoun & yourself I put among
those few. I only hope now that you will place no bar in the
way of your friends- If they move they would not thank you if
you flung a wet blanket over them. Possibly they may ask to
extend your confidence to them- so far as to place implicit reli-
ance upon their ability, integrity & zeal. That you will do so I
shall, except otherwise directed, so state to them. Whatever is
done will be faithfully related to you, in the order of its hap-
pening
My dear Sir I am & always have been ardent in any cause
in which I once engage. The suggestions I made to you in re-
lation to your own probable position in the next contest, were
the result of cool reflections and conclusions that have been
arrived at, in full view of the past- the present- and the look
the future now means to my mind. I pledge myself without
reserve, that if the blood hounds do not force Henry Clay's
nomination again- by their incessant persecutions & slanders
284 State Department of Archives and History
(not yet an 'obsolete idea')- I throw myself without reserve into
the next contest for you, as His Executor
Should however you & other of our friends force upon us
the selection of a Coxcomb or a Hunker for a candidate, we
will hold you & them responsible and then you must excuse
us if we should see fit to vote for Bill Allen of Ohio, or Tom
Benton in preference to the Federal Whig nominee. Indeed I
would think the Iron Despotism of their Jacobinism vastly pre-
ferable to the old grannyism of the other set. For one I must
own a man for my leader, and not the shadow of a man- one
whom I could bear with reviling him if he was angered, sooner
than I would tolerate the mock dignity and pompous inanity of
a vain glorious Executive.
I will hope however that we can have things arranged to
suit the truly Democratic impulses of our Party. Not that
Democracy which professes so much to liberality, and yet prac-
tices the most odious species of aristocracy- but which, like
the pure well of truth, rises in every place when the Whig
doctrines are received in moderation, & yet cherished with that
affection, that would make martyrs of their disciples- if but a
shadow of despotism crossed their paths.
I believe we have the power, and most fervently do I pray
for its righteous exercise- Once unleashed, we can know no
stopping place short of revolution, & the entire overthrow of the
'spoils Conspirators.' I believe their doom is written. They have
taught us their plan of playing brag & poker We will, having
been learning while we lost, profit by our bitter experience.
May I hope that you will give this matter your attention &
I would solicit before you leave Washington a rejoinder, ad-
dressed to me at New York?
It is a pleasing duty in a heart sensitively alive to acts or
expressions of kindness, to utter thanks for benefits received.
But sometimes words are inadequate- to express the deepest
feelings Towards you, dear sir, there will ever be in my heart
the sincerest affection for you & the profoundest gratitude for
your many kindnesses. The latter might well overwhelm me-
for in nothing have I merited them- save in your good opinion
of my fidelity & faithfulness to a common cause- which I am
proud to say, my heart declares, has only awarded me ample
justice. I only wish my roof tree was neighbor to your own, and
The Mangum Papers 285
that I could find work for a willing head & energetic hands in
the old North State
Faithfully
Your friend & serv*
Nicholas Carroll
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon: Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senator
Washington
WPM-LC
William S. G. Brown^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Erie Pennsylvania
March 19, 1845
Hon Sir
I trust you will pardon the liberty I have taken in addressing
you, not having the pleasure of a personal acquaintance-
"The annexation of Texas at this time to the Union is of
interest to all true and Enlightened friends of this goverment,
and should it be (As It will be beyond doubt) finally annexed
by an further action of the President and congress and the
Consent of Texas to admission, I cannot but regard it as disas-
trous to this Union, but time must and will show the result of
annexation, at this time — I am at a loss to know whether Texas
will be in one State with the same name or of more than one,
and at what time she will receive her first representation in
Congress-
ssUnable to identify.
286 State Department of Archives and History
"Please drop me a line in respect to the above for which I
will feel gratefuU-
Very truly your friend & servt
William S. G. Brown —
to
Hon Willie P. Mangum )
Speaker U. S. Senate )
[Addressed : ]
Hon Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senator
Red Mountain
N Ca.
WPM-LC
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum.
Croton Insurance Company
No 35 Wall St Apl. 29*^ /45
My dear Sir
On Tuesday 22d Inst. I was elected Secretary of of this Com-
pany. I first heard of the vacancy on the 16th. Sunday inter-
vening I had but five working days. I had 22 competitors. Some
of them had the start of me 4 to 6 weeks. On the first ballot I
received 13 out of 16 votes and was instanter elected unan-
imously & by the same rule I had my salary fixed at $2,000.
My dear Judge I wanted to tell you this for I did believe no
one would be readier to congratulate me upon my fortunate
success. I had intended to cross the Alleghanies & plant my
family on the Praries. This is better- every way better It anchors
me here where I belong- and if there is any good in me for my-
self & for my friends it can be best brought out here-
We want some Agencies in the 'old North State*. We have
now Agents at three points: John Huske at Fayetteville, Wm.
G. Bryan at Newbern, and Wm. C. Lord at Wilmington. We
want Agents at Elizabeth City, Halifax, Plymouth and Raleigh.
Do you know the gentlemen now acting as our Agents and can
The Mangum Papers 287
you recommend to us suitable persons to act as Agents at the
places designated? The situation is a desirable one to the party
receiving the appointment, fairly lucrative of itself and calcu-
lated to increase the Agent's business. The Company is in first
rate condition, has been very fortunate, has a good Board of
Directors, honorable officers and pays its losses promptly. You
need not be afraid to say this to any one who should ask you
respecting it and whenever it changes in any respect from the
character I have given it above, I will leave it instanter & advise
you of the change. I throw my heart & soul into it pledged to
its success- My friends, God bless them, have rallied to my sup-
port and thrown their business influence in favor of the Com-
pany. They pledged themselves that my appointment would
give the Company $55,000 this year in Premimums- this was
$5,000 more than our friend Joseph Hoxie pledged to 'the Mer-
cantile' to procure the Vice Presidency of that Company & he
had three months to work in- while your servant was restricted
to five days.-
We insure Marine & Fire- coasting, inland & foreign marine
& fire risks by land & sea. If I do not impose too much trouble
on you I would like to have the priviledge of saying to our Agents
that they can refer to you as to the standing of the Croton In-
surance Company of New York. I forward you copies of our
charter &c.- You can say besides that we are a clever set of
Whigs-
In politics we are all still. I see enough to know that Webster,
McLean, Scott & their respective friends are at work - but co-
vertly- Open action would prostrate them at once. The elements
now at work no man can control. My mind as expressed to you,
remains unchanged. If Mr Polk unadvisedly plunges us into
War, the Great Harry will go into the House & rule the nation
from there, mangle the White House. If we remain at Peace, the
gentlemen now at work canvassing for the Presidency will use
each other up and then you are the Candidate they uniting on
you. I have not touched a wire here, that was honest Clay- that
has not virbrated on the instant in answer to this electricity.
I live in the hope of welcoming you to New York this sum-
mer. I trust they will drive you out of your mountain home &
force you North that you may judge for yourself that your
friends are not local or sectional.
288 State Department of Archives and History
Mrs. C. desired me to present Judge Mangum with her re-
gards & thanks for his efforts in her husband's behalf last win-
ter- and to say also that this event leaves her no regret that
those labors were ineffectual-
I shall be happy to serve you in any way and trust you will
command me in any matter that concerns you at the North
Hoping soon to engage a leisure moment from you for a re-
ply, I am
Faithfully & truly
Yr. friend & servt
N. Carroll
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co
N. Ca.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senator
Red Mountain
Orange Co
N. Ca.
WPM-LC
E. D. Bullock^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Mobile May 3^. 1845.
My Dear Sir.
During my stay at your house last summer you kindly prof-
fered letters to Mr Abbot ^^ of Boston and the Messrs Lawrences.
If you can now give me letters to them it will be of incalculable
service to me. After my return from the North last year I had
propositions made to me, without any solicitations on my part,
to embark in commercial life. These propositions I thought
but little of, until about the first of March when I had an offer
from a highly respectable and responsible House, engaged in
^''E. D. Bullock was an attorney in Mobile at this time. William Garrett, Remtntscences of
Public Men m Alabama for Thirty Years, Atlanta, 1872, 786.
^'George W. Abbot was a commission merchant in Boston. Stimson's Boston Directory, 1845, 50.
The Mangum Papers 289
the General commission and agency business. All of my near
friends at once advised me to accede to their proposition which
I did.
The partners in the House are Col John McRae & F. P.
Ravisies & myself. Col McRae the Brother in Law of Mr
Ravisies is very wealthy & is the monied man of the House.
Mr Ravisies married the daughter of Samuel Strudwick Esq
of Marengo County, who is the Brother of Dr Strudwick of
Hillsborough. I mention these facts to apprize you of the
Honorable connection that I have made and to afford you an
opportunity, if you require it to learn the character and re-
sponsibility of the House. If we can through you and other
kind friends procure the confidence of those Houses it will open
the whole business world in Massachusetts to us. The goods
that are shipped to us will be sold and the proceeds invested
in cotton for the manufacturer & se[n]t on to Boston. In this
business there is not one dollar of risk neither do we buy but
sell all manner of goods & retain 5 per cent commission upon
the sales. We also advance 50 per cent upon all articles that
meet with ready sales in our market & 33-1/3 upon those that
are not so easily put upon the market.
Will you do me the favor to send on the letters to the place
as early as possible as I shall leave here by the West about the
5 or 6 of June. If this letter should not reach you in time to en-
able you to send the letters by that time, I will write the day
I leave to what point you can address them. It is of great im-
portance to have them here before I leave.
My wife and little daughter are now at Mr Lyons in the
country, & will remain some two weeks for the benefit of their
health. I am grieved to inform you that her health has been of
late very delicate & a trip to the mountains is determined upon
for her.
I hope my dear Judge that you and Mrs Mangum & the
family are all well and if it is possible we will come to see you
as I shall probably visit Petersburg & Richmond.
With many assurances from my heart, of my continued love
for you and the Ladies I remain
Your Sincere friend
E D Bullock
290 State Department of Archives and History
The name of our House is
McRae Ravisies & Bullock
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain P. O.
Orange Co
N Carolina
WPM-LC
Nathan Sargent to Willie P. Mangum.
Phila. May, 16, 1845
Hon W. P. Mangum
My Dear Sir,
You will probably recollect that a resolution was adopted
by the Senate to print 10,000 copies of Fremont's Journal.^^
This was got up Mr Towers, or rather at his suggestion, & was
intended for him, to enable him to pay off some of the debts
incurred in publishing the Whig Standard. All that was neces-
sary after the resolution was adopted was to inform Gales &
Seaton of the circumstances upon which they would have per-
mitted Towers to execute the job. This Mr. Morehead said he
would do; but it seems he probably inadvertently neglected,
as Mr. Towers informs me, in consequence of which he is like-
ly to lose the benefit of the job. This would be a Serious disap-
pointment to him as well as to myself, & I suppose your young
friend who assisted him during last summer.^^
I do not know whether you feel authorized to say any thing
to Messrs. Gales & Seaton on the subject, but if you do, I ear-
nestly wish you would drop them a note just to inform them
what the design was in reference to that report. The least
intimation of the fact from yourself or Mr Morehead would, I
have no doubt, be sufficient. It is a matter of some importance
to me & I know it is to Towers, otherwise I would not have
troubled you with it.
*'iThis was published by Gales and Seaton as document no. 174. Senate Documents, 28 Cong.,
2 sess.
"^Daniel R. Goodloe. See the next letter.
The Mangum Papers 291
Mr. Green^3 succeeded in obtaining $1,500 in N. Y. We
staid there about two weeks before we could accomplish our
purpose. Nothing could be obtained in Boston. I should have
been able, I think, to have raised a few hundred dollars here,
(by the aid of a letter from you to J. P. Wetherill)^* but for the
Pittsburg fire, which absorbed all the benevolent & liberal dis-
position, for the time being, of our citizens.
Is it possible, after the cavalier treatment Mr Calhoun re-
ceived from Mr Polk, he will come to his aid & help him out of
the dilemma his blunder has run him into? If Mr C. had the
spirit he once possessed, I should think not, but I do not know
how to count on him now. It is clear that an attack on the Tariff
is designed- I hope it will be made, & be successful.- We must
sometimes wish for evil as the cause of good.
Believe me my dear sir, Very sincerely
& Respectfully
Your friend & obdt St.
N. Sargent
WPM-LC
Jno. T. Towers to Willie P. Mangum
Washington, May 17, 1845.
Dear Sir:
I wrote you upon your leaving the city last March, in refer-
ence to the report of Mr. Fremont, which Gov: Morehead had
the kindness to get ordered to be printed with a view to my exe-
cuting it- thus enabling me to liquidate some embarrassing
debts that were against me on account of the publication of the
Standard. I presume you were told (by Gov. M.) of the man-
ner in which the job was brought about at the time of its con-
ception, and of course it is not necessary to speak more of it on
that score. In my conversation with Col. Seaton the day after
you and Gov. M. left the city, on the subject, (and having been
told by Gov. M. to call on Col. S. and I would find it all right)
he told me he had a conversation with you and Gov. M. the
^^Willis Green. See above, III, 484n.
**J. P. Wetherill aaively campaigned for Clay in 1842-1844. See above Johnson to Mangum,
September 24, 1842, and J. P. Wetherill to Mangum. June 19, 1844.
292 State Department of Archives and History
evening previous, and that you v^ould write him on the sub-
ject. Since which time I have heard nothing from Col. S. Col. S.
told me (as I stated in my former letter,) that he was willing
to do whatever his or my friends required, but preferred giving
a portion of the profits in money, and executing the job him-
self- but awaited the wishes of yourself and Gov. M. and, as I
understood, by which he should be bound. As the time is now
at hand when the job must be put in execution, I would ask the
favor of such a letter from you that I could show Col. S. as
would bring the matter to a definite conclusion. I would pre-
fer, of course, to execute the job myself because I could per-
haps make double out of it that will be made at his office; if he
gives a portion of the profits it may not liquidate the claims
against me- besides, had it not been for the kindness of Gov. M
towards me in interesting himself in attending to the passage
of the resolution it never would have been ordered to be printed
at all by the Senate at its last session — Gales & Seaton never
dreamed of this document, their greatest hope being to get the
money for the State papers appropriated, which would give
them a fortune without any thing else- and every thing else was
done that they asked, besides the appropriation, they so much
desired- thus putting them in possession of more work and
money than ever before at the adjournment of the session hardly
excepting the payment of the 20 per cent. Not satisfied with
all this, they hesitate to permit the disposition of a job that
was not designed for them, by the friends who had done so
much. With all due deference, I would make this suggestion
in order to bring the matter to a close- state in a letter to me
(that I may show Col. S.) whatever you may deem most pro-
per- either for my executing the job or otherwise- and leave
me to do whatever I can with him. Perhaps by my executing
the work I may be enabled to do with its proceeds some serv-
ice to the friends who have got it through. Our Whig friends
here and in the adjoining counties urge the establishment here
of a large semi-weekly paper, and will assist in its support- I
am debarred the pleasure of acceding to their wishes by these
very pecuniary liabilities from which I wish to be relieved. I
am gratified also to see that so faithful a member of our great
party as yourself is destined to take so prominent a position in
the next issue before the People- may I have the privilege and
The Mangum Papers 293
opportunity of being one of your advocates. The "Union" as
you see, no doubt, daily puts forth its Locofocoism unanswered;
and by the time of the next campaign, what it now asserts as
principles for its party may become its maxims, too deeply
rooted to be removed. Thus the necessity of a paper to meet its
issues, and expose the daily increasing corruptions of Locofoco-
ism.
May I expect an early answer to the above, and such an
one as your sense of propriety may justify.
Yours very respectfully
Jno. T. Towers
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
of N. C.
P. S. — The ''Globe" has nearly completed the printing of the
document for the House, which renders it certain that its com-
mencement by the Senate printers cannot be delayed much
longer.
J. T. T.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum,
Red Mountain,
Orange County,
N. C.
WPM-LC
George H. Colton^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York - June 4th '45
Hon. Willey P. Mangum
Dear Sir. -
I intended to have written you a long time since- but
frequent necessary absences from Town, & an infinite pressure
of business while in town, have conspired to prevent me. I
^George Hooker Colton, 1818-1847, a native of New York and graduate of Yale, was one of
the literary figures in New York in the 1840's. In 1840 he wrote a poem "Tecumseh" and some
essays on Indians which helped Harrison's candidacy. In January, 1845, he published the first issue
of the American Review. He succeeded in obtaining writers such as Edgar Alien Poe, Rufus Choate,
Daniel Webster, and J. P. Kennedy to contribute. Mangum promised to write an article for him
but never did. Colton died in 1847. Frank Luther Mott, A History of American Magazines 1741-
1850. Cambridge, Mass., 1939, I, /51-752; Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, I, 696.
294 State Department of Archives and History
felt it to be the less necessary, as Mr. Webber^'^ was to see you,
at your residence. He informs me, that he paid you a visit — in
all respects a pleasant one- adding much to the interest of his
account, by letting me knov;^ how kindly he was received &
how interested you were still disposed to be in the Review. ^"^
Certainly, both for Mr. Webber, & myself, and in behalf of the
enterprise, I have to render you my warmest thanks.
In respect to the subject on which you spoke of writing
something for the Review this Summer- I hope you will not
suffer it to slip out of your mind. It is earnestly desired to make
this a truly national work-free from all Sectional prejudices-
But as yet, I have not had a single article from any one
Southern writer. May I earnestly solicit your assistance to ob-
tain some articles in addition to your own. Will you write to
Gov. Swain for this purpose- asking him to write on some
national topic- to also Prof -Tucker, who, I think belongs to your
State, would furnish something of interest. Any article of real
value from any gentleman of your State would be welcome.
It would [be] of great service, if some one of these gentlemen,
of whom you spoke in your State could be prevailed to send on
some piece soon.
May I hope to hear from [you] at your earliest convenience.
The first instalment of your article — to appear in Sept, no. —
should be in New York by about the 25th or 28th of July as I
begin very early to put matter in hand for the succeeding
month — being obliged to publish by the 1st of each month.
I am. Dear Sir-
Most Sincerely Yours
& with great respect
Geo. H. Colton
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain
N. C.
^"Charles W. Webber, 1819-1856, a native of Kentucky and educated at home, went to Texas in
1838 where, as a member of the Texas rangers, he had numerous adventures. For a short time he
studied medicine and then went to Princeton to prepare to be a Presbyterian minister. In 1844 he
went to New York to take up journalism. There he met Audubon and fell under the influence of
his writings on nature and the frontier. He wrote numerous articles and essays. He assisted Colton
in the editing of the American Review. He went on several adventurous expeditions, his last being
with William Walker in Nicaragua where he was killed. In 1847 he wrote a long pamphlet ac-
cusing Colton of "falsehood, imbecility, and shameful cowardice." D. A. B., XIX, 580-581; Mott,
A History of American Magazines, I, 752-753.
^''The American Revietu: A Whig Jounral of Politics, Literature, Art and Science, became The
American Whig Review in 1850. Established with the endorsement of numerous Whig leaders to
strengthen the party after its defeat in 1844, it appeared first under the editorship of Colton and
then James D. Whelpley, 1848-1849, and George W. Peck, 1850-1852. With the defeat of the
Whigs in 1852, it went out of existence. The circulation ranged from 3000 to 8000. which in that
day was a good circulation. Mott, A History of American Journalism, I, 750-754.
William Cain, Junior, 1784-1857. The brother of Mangum's wife, Charity Alston
(Cain) Mangum. From an oil portrait, painter unknown, in the possession of Mrs.
Annie C. Bridgets of Raleigh, North Carolina.
The Mangum Papers 295
WPM-LC
D. M. Barringer to Willie P. Mangum
LiNCOLNTON N. C.
June 7, 1845.
My Dear Sir.
Strange as it may seem to you, an attempt has been made
to injure me in this District by a charge that I did not do my
duty in the last session of Congress, in failing to use the proper
exertions to carry through that body the appropriation for re-
building the Branch mint at Charlotte, N. C.-^^ I know you are
aware of the interest I took in this matter — & I desire you to
write me whether I did not frequently see you on the subject
desiring and urging your aid & influence to secure the meas-
ure through the Senate. [Illegible] was freely given and to
state generally the interest & zeal I manifested for its success.
Please to address me at Concord N. C.
Your friend Sincerely
D. M. Barringer
Hon. W. P. Mangum
There is no danger in this District if the Whigs turn out —
Fisher is the Democratic candidate.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain,
Orange Co
N. C.
WPM-LC
Daniel R. Goodloe to Willie P. Mangum
Prince George County Md. June 11 1845.
Dear Sir.
I have recently obtained the situation of teacher of a pri-
mary school in Maryland, and as it will enable me in the course
^^See above, 263n.
296 State Department of Archives and History
of a few months to pay you, I have thought that it would be
proper to inform you of the fact.^^ The school is situated about
ten miles from Washington east of Bladensburg- The salary is
$350.00 per annum, payable half yearly. I commenced teaching
on the 4th inst. and shall receive the first payment in December
about the time you arrive at Washington, I trust I shall at that
time, without an accident be able to pay you.
I understand from my friends in North Carolina that a
vacancy is likely to occur in the office of Clerk and Master for
the county of Franklin, and if such is the case I will be an ap-
plicant.— If it should devolve upon the Judges of the Supreme
Court to fill the vacancy I would thank you to speak to Judge
Nash or Judge Ruffin for me, as you will probably meet them
at Hillsborough. Or if you happen to see Judge Battle who
resides in your county be pleased to name the subject to him.
I feel high gratification at the prospect of refunding the
money you so generously lent me when the chance of repay-
ment was so distant.
I shall ever remain your obliged and obedient servant
Daniel R. Goodloe
Hon Willie P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
N. Carolina.
WPM-LC
James Wehh'^'^ to Willie P. Mangum
HiLLSBORO June 30. 1845
D Sir
I Reed your kind message by Mr J. Hancock on Saturday
that you could spare me 5 Barrels Corn It will be a considerable
^''The Washington Whig Standard, which Goodloe helped to edit, had been discontinued in
1844. See above, 84n.
''OA banker who lived in Hillsboro.
The Mangum Papers 297
accommodation to me I use a Bushel a day Let me know when
I can send for itt or if you can send it to me
Yours Respectfully
James Webb
[Addressed : ]
Honl. W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange
WPM-LC
Samuel Martin^ ^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Campbells Station Tensee 8. Jy/45
Honble W. P. Mangum
Vice President-
D Sir
I sent another Petition to your House care of our
Senator Jarnagen^^ in which I again insist on the Nation making
that canal from Beaufort to the Neuse River. I will never cease
asking for that matter as long as I can write Justice & Good
Faith say it must be & it shall be but I must wait untill my
Postage resolution is passed.
My Plan was Sir for the defense of the South a Canal from
the Dismal Swamp Canal passing by Newbern Fayetteville
Columbia Augusta Milledgeville & so on round to nearly op-
posite red River this canal to be 80 feet at the Water line & 4
feet deep from this. I want ship canals from the Sea here will
be a place men can live & on which Troops can be collected &
munition of War & on which the[y] can be moved at the rate
of 100 miles in 24 Hours on the line of canal could be stored
the cotton Tobacco & Sugar of the South & in safety from a
Coast enemy & from this line a forced march could be made of
Cavalry & light artillery Steam will soon become general on
Canals from this time I want a Branch from the Chatahache to
'^iPossibly Samuel Martin, who originally came from North Carolina after graduation from the
University in 1819. Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C, 416.
'^^Spencer Jarnagin, 1792-1853, was the Whig Senator from Tennessee from 1843 to 1847.
Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1147.
298 State Department of Archives and History
the Tennessee river down Dark river to the Mississippi direct [?]
through the State & one from Duck river by Nashville down
Green River to the Ohio to meet the one from the Lakes no one
doubts but England will get Cuba & if we get Texas soon will
she lay her hands on it & I have no doubt she will be very will-
ing we set the example of open & wilfull robbery on the weak
& defenceless with the British in possession of the Havana she
commands the Gulf in the same manner with Possession of
Gibralter. She commands the exit & entrance in & from the
Mediterrannean there will these canals be wanted & The[y]
had better be begun in time she will be made ask our friend G.
McDuffy what I wrote when he was making such efforts to
recharter the U. S. Bank George will I think recollect it
Samuel Martin.
[Addressed:]
Honbl.
W. P. Mangum
Vice Pres'ent U. States
W. City
WPM-D
Charles Manly to Willie P. Mangum
Raleigh, N. C 8th July 1845
Hon: Willie P. Mangum
Senator U. States
Sir
It becomes my duty as the Organ of the Board of Trustees
of the University of North Carolina to make known to you that
at the late Annual Commencement of that Institution the Sen-
atus Academicus by unanimous assent conferred upon you the
Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws. —
The Mangum Papers 299
It is proper for me to add that no Diploma issues for this
Degree except where it is specially desired by the Recipient.
I have the honor, to be
Very respectfully
Your Obt. Sevt
Chas. Manley
[Addressed:] Hon. W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co
N. C.
WPM-LC
P. H. Mangum to Ellison G. Mangum.'^^
HiLLSBORo' July 24th. 1845.
Dear Sir,
I wished to see my friends on Flat River, but I am not very
well & therefore can not be with you to-day. —
Things have taken such a turn in regard to the Cty Court
Clerk's election,^^ that I am desirous my part of the County
may be in possession of all the necessary information upon
both sides;- And when they shall be thus informed, I am sure
their good sense & independence of character will ensure such
a line of conduct on their part that they will never have cause
to be ashamed of what they shall have done.
It is known that we were all at first for Major Taylor's re-
election, with all his faults; and that we thought that Jos. Nor-
wood & Jno. W. Carr were doing wrong to become candidates
for the office in opposition to Taylor, when it was known that
Genl. Allison was a candidate & would make it a party contest
necessarily, to almost an entire extent of the democratic strength.
But all the candidates being out, we hoped that before the
election, the competitors would narrow down to Taylor & Alli-
son, & then we could keep the office from being made a political
machine for partizan purposes. —
"^^See above, I, 332n.
'^John W. Carr, Joseph Norwood. John W. Hancock, John Taylor, John Kirkwood, and Joseph
Allison were the candidates. Carr, Hancock, and Taylor withdrew, but Taylor's friends insisted that
he be kept in the race. The result was as follows: Allison 1455, Norwood 910, Taylor 403, Kirk-
wood 163. Allison was elected. Hillsborough Recorder, May 22, 29. July 10, August 14, 1845.
300 State Department of Archives and History
Contrary to all reasonable expectation, Major Taylor per-
mits himself to be influenced into an arrangement with the
other two Whig candidates, whereby he is ruled out of the
Field, & he thereby is silenced, with his hands tied. Some of his
friends were dissatisfied, & avowed their determination to run
Taylor any how - & a good deal has been said & done to excite
the passions, & but little that a dispassionate Judgment & a wise
policy would dictate & sanction. —
I have been a good deal indignant & perplexed about this
matter. After collecting all the information in regard to the ar-
rangement that was to be had, I became satisfied that Taylor,
altho' bitterly opposed to entering into the arrangement when
first presented to him, did ultimately accede to the arrange-
ment under the belief that he would certainly receive the nomi-
nation. In this, he failed; and it is not alledged by any person
that the fifteen men chosen to determine the matter, did not act
throughout fairly & honorably. Well, there being no unfairness,
indeed no pretence of unfairness in the conduct of the fifteen
men; what ought to be done? That is the question. — The most
that could be said, I suppose, is, that in entering into the famous
arrangement; Taylor thought he would ''chouse" his competi-
tors, & his competitors thought that he might be "choused".
This is all, I suppose, that an illiberal spirit could say. - Are the
Whigs of Orange to sit still with their arms folded, to look
quietly on this contemptible scuffle for show, between a few
personal friends, however pure their motives may be? I learn
that the great body of Taylor's friends above Hillsboro', & the
most of them hereabouts, will not vote for Taylor - because
such a course could have no other effect than to divide the
Whig vote & elect Genl. Allison, but on the contrary they think
that Jos. Norwood can be elected if the Whigs East of Hillsboro'
will vote with them for Norwood. —
On Monday, I conversed with several of our personal friends
West of Hillsboro' as far as the Over-river Country & Stony
Creek; and this is the opinion in common, in the Whig ranks
west of Hillsboro' - the immediate neighbourhood of the Messrs
Clarks & Banes excepted. —
I submit to my neighbours & friends on the rivers, if this is
not the course for us to pursue. —
The Mangum Papers 301
Show this to Abner, Harrison,^^ & Willie P. Mangum,
Yrs. respectfully
P. H. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
To Ellison G. Mangum Esqr.
Flat River
Orange.
WPM-LC
William K. Ruffin to Willie P. Mangum.
Haw River August 2nd 1845
My Dear Sir-
I take the liberty of writing you a line upon the subject of
our Clerks Election- I know that you wish Allison beaten — and
I know that between the Whig Norwood & the Democrat Kirk-
land your choice will be determined by the chances of the Elec-
tion - My own opinion is that Allison will be elected - and still
further that his election will inure to the interests & the pevTua-
nent interests of the Whig Party of Orange County. But we
must (in duty bound, as every honest man is in duty bound)
keep him out if we can — I have been upon a tour of elec-
tioneering for two days and I tell you the impressions that I
have received - Allison will he elected. But your interest is to
make friends with the respectable portion of the Republican
Party ( see how I catch the old Gentleman's phrases ) — and I be-
lieve that Uncle John^^ will divide (& in our neighbourhood
more than take his share of the Whig votes). His prospects are
daily improving - and I assure you that as far as I know & be-
lieve that the contest lies between him & Allison — Norwood is
out of the question — He stands no chance — Taylor, you know,
cannot be elected - & understanding that his friends have been
privately canvassing in the upper part of the county & sup-
posing that they feel satisfied that there is no earthly chance
for him, I hope that he will be induced to withdraw his name —
If he will do so, I think Uncle John's election is certain —
J^Abner and Harrison Parker were cousins of Mangum.
'^^William K. Rufiin's mother was John U. Kirkland's sister.
302 State Department of Archives and History
Of course I have v^ritten to you the impressions that have
been made upon me by the conversations I have held with my
neighbours- They may be deceptive but I give them to you for
what they may, in your estimation, be worth. I shall write to the
same effect to Fulindry[?] brothers, John Ray, & Paul Cameron -
and you & they & your friends must do what you think is right
in the premises-
I flatter myself that I shall be able to spend a day or two with
you before August Court- Above all things I should be pleased
to have that time spent in your company. Allow me Dear Sir,
to subscribe myself
With sincere affection your friend
W. K. RUFFIN.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
WPM-LC
John Cameron^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Friday Morning. [Summer, August, 1845]
Hon: Willie P. Many there are, high on the roll of fame.
Among Columbia's chosen civic band!
None more than he, possess a heartfelt claim.
Great tho they be, in action, & in name;
Upon the warm affections of the land!
Meeting both friend, & foe, with heart upon his
hand.
Theres a flourish for you my dear Sir! What a pattern of an
office seeker I would make, though I am sadly afraid, that the
sincerity which constitues the only merit in the above, would
be so sadly wanting (necessarily) in many instances; that all
my tact, & diplomacy, could not prevent the cloven foot of
ridicule from showing.
''^John Cameron's newspaper, the Oxford Mercury and District Telegram, was suspended in late
1844 or early 1845. In 1848 he became one of the publishers of the Wadesboro North Carolina
Argus. He edited or published, with different partners, this paper until 1847. Check List of News-
papers in the Duke University Library.
The Mangum Papers 303
Your high behest has been obeyed! Both hat & coat have
been won; & I am almost afraid that it will be impossible to pre-
vent you from throwing in the breeches too. If the "Cocoethes
Admirandi" of all the botanists, & florists, be not excited to the
utmost, & Dial's Creek become a favoured resort, for all the
seekers after the rare, & beautiful, then will I eschew hat, coat,
& breeches forever; & in Georgia Summer costume walk the
world, with nothing save my shirt collar & spurs. Yea verily!
the name and fame of Dial's Creek; depends upon the typog-
raphy of next week; & should that in any wise come up to the
merits of the production, from henceforth the denizens of St.
Mary's District,
Will each & all, thank the Almighty giver.
That Dial's Creek doth run into Flat River.
They will become lions. Sir, men of note, whose 'locum tenens"
being known, will always be a passport to the very topmost
crust, of the upper Ten Thousand - Hurra for Dial's Creek! &
ten thousand welcomes from a world getting ready to admire,
to that brightener of its solitudes, the matchless, & unparalelled
Dialia - so much for fun. As for news, our gleanings so far are
but scanty, & what we have gathered are by no means cheer-
ing. "^^ Barringer is elected certain; Clingman I am afraid is
beaten; the last accounts were certainly unfavourable, & should
he get in, it will be by the skin of his teeth; Dockery will beat
Worth, Meares, Haughton & Bond,'^^ are all badly licked & Don-
nell will have to vail his bonnet, to the chivalric Mr. Clark. Asa
Biggs too, will grow bigger, and bigger, before the admiring
eyes of the frequenters of the Federal City, the Whigs of Ray-
ner's district, not having had pluck & energy enough, to Out-
law him. The tempest of intestine commotion hath completely
subsided; the Ocean of Orange is still; having scarce a ripple,
or ground swell; to tell that the storm had ever raged. Every
one see[m]s to be of opinion now that the result has been, pre-
"^^^In the Congressional election on August 7, 1845, the results were as follows:
Dist. Democrats Whigs
1st None T. L. Clingman, James Graham (won)
2nd Charles Fisher D. M. Barringer (won)
3rd David S. Reid (won) A. B. McMillan
4th Alfred Dockery ( won )
5th James C. Dobbin (won) Jonathan Worth
6th James I. McKay (won) T. O. Meares
7th J. R. J. Daniel (won)
8th Henry S. Clark (won) R. S. Donnell
9th Asa Biggs (won) David Outlaw
Niles' Register, LXVII, 294, 400; N. C. Manual, 931-932.
"^^He probably refers to John H. Haughton and Richard C. Bond, candidates from the fifth and
sixth districts.
304 State Department of Archives and History
cisely what he anticipated; though I very much doubt if the
matter is altogether settled yet. "Entre nous", Gorrell, Gilmer,
Haughton & others, have written to Taylor, advising him to re-
fuse to surrender the office & to leave the settlement of the mat-
ter, to the decision of the Supreme Court.^^ Taking the ground,
that in as much as he has never at any time, vacated the office,
he stands precisely where he did, at the passage of the New
Election law, & is consequently entitled to hold under the old
Regime. The general impression has been heretofore, that by
consenting to submit the matter at all, to the abitrament of a
Canvass; he waived his right to hold under the old law, & that
having once waived it, he could not again avail himself of its
provisions. This is a matter however for lawyers to decide, &
to them I expect, it will be referred, if the old man meets with
any farther encouragement. This is a thing known but to few,
& as nothing is determined upon, it would be better, probably
not to mention it. I should like to know your opinion about it
("sub rosa" of course) for I hardly know how to talk to him
about it. I met a young gentleman the other day, who says he
knew your young Kentuckian Webber,^^ at Princeton. He fig-
ured there as a Student of Divinity; & was considered a spright-
ly, & talented man, but having unfortunately taken it into his
head, that the Spirit of Grace could only be thoroughly ac-
quired, by the aid, & assistance, of the Spirit of Wine, that too
got into his head; in other words, Webber got drunk one day;
or by'r lady it may be it was night, whereupon he was advised,
to relinquish his studies for awhile, & has I suppose, been Texas
Von Webber, ever since. What a queer case he must have been?
studying divinity by a Spirit lamp, & taking a bottle to bed with
him, to help him say his prayers:
After a careful perusal of the dicta of Johnston, Webster, &
Walker, upon the subject; I have come to the decision, that the
word to be used as most thoroughly descriptive of your senti-
ments, upon realizing for the first time, the delights of Roast
Turkey stuffed with mushrooms, should be voluptuous. The
elegant voluptuary of the present times, holds a corresponding
position with the Epicureans of old, those elegant savages, who
^See above, P. H. Mangum to Ellison G. Mangum, July 24, 1845.
^^See above, 294n.
The Mangum Papers 305
from the alembick of their own fertile imaginations, first dis-
tilled those imaginery wants, & equally imaginery gratification,
which have tended so much to refine the tastes, and enervate
the energies of mankind. The true voluptuary is a thing "sui
Generis." & ranks with the mere sensualist as Hyperion to a
Satyr. While the one, yielding to his brutal propensities, would
"leave an angel's bed, to prey on garbage; the other yields not
even to the fierce call of passion; unless the object be surrounded
with the imaginery halo, of elegance, & refinement. The one is
all animal, the other in a measure deifies the brute, making the
mind an active contributor to the pleasure of sense. In short,
tis Aspasia, to a common drab. So my dear Sir, you see, that
the next time you chance to regale yourself, upon triffles,
plucked from a Turkey's bosom, you are to consider yourself
as being most voluptuously employed.
We have just had a very fine & most seasonable rain, which
if it be general, will eventually knock another quarter off of
corn, & to which in part, you may charge this very boring epis-
tle.
With kindest regards to Mrs. Mangum, & many bows to the
young ladies, I remain my dear Sir with the utmost esteem &
regard.
Ever Yrs. truly
Jno. Cameron.
P.S.
By no manner of means let Davis know of the fame that
awaits him; or the fellow will annihilate me perchance in an
exstacy; & particularly I beseech, that this entire production
may be "Entre vous, si'l vous plait, monsieur." When will you
be up? If you make your visit soon, I think I can procure some-
thing to while away the short hours with; superior to the produc-
tions of either Maj. Palmer,^- or Mr. Ellis. Do not deem me
either impertinent, or a humbug, from the manner in which
this rambling rigmarole is commenced; the truth is I had been
thinking of you, while smoking my morning pipe, & that jingle
of lines, in the way of an acrostic popped into my head. When
I afterwards concluded to take advantage of the rainy morn-
^Nathaniel J. Palmer.
306 State Department of Archives and History
ing to write; I determined to commence my letter, as never v^as
letter commenced before. So that you see Hal, if there be aught
of offence, in all ariseth from that d — d Yankee spirit of ad-
venture—
WPM-LC
Thomas F. Davis^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Chapel Hill, August 3rd. [1845]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
Dear Sir,
I have the honor to address you in behalf of the Dialectic
Society, and to ask such contribution, as you may think proper,
for the furtherance of a scheme in which her members are now
engaged.
You are well aware, I presume. Sir, from your connection with
this University, that its two Societies have for some time re-
solved to construct new Rooms suited to all their purposes. ^^
The Halls heretofore in use have become too small and incom-
modious for their meetings and incapable of accomodating their
libraries. This design has the cordial approbation of the Faculty
and of the Trustees generally: I trust. Sir, of yourself among
the number. Engagements have already been made with a view
to the speedy commencement of the work.
The acting members of the Dialectic Society have found
thcTnselves incompetent to carry out their resolutions. We there-
fore appeal for assistance to the old members of Society, and
particularly to you, Sir, as to one who has experienced her
benefits, and not only is concerned, for the welfare of the In-
'^^Thomas Frederick Davis, son of Bishop T. F. Davis, who also graduated from the University,
was a senior at the time this letter was written. Battle, Hist, of the U. N. C, II, 494; Grant, Alumni
Hist, of U. N. C, 137.
^*ln 1837 members of the Philanthropic Society petitioned the trustees for a new hall. The next
year the Dialectic Society made a similar request. In 1839 a special committee of the trustees recom-
mended that as soon as the funds would permit, two buildings should be created. In 1844 a famous
New York architect, A. J. Davis, who helped design the capitol at Raleigh, presented plans for al-
tering Old East and Old West halls to meet the new needs. These plans were accepted. The So-
cieties paid $1400 each and the state $6,560. The improvements were completed in 1848. Battle,
Hist, of the U. N. C, I, 511-514.
The Mangum Papers 307
stitution, but who takes a kindly interest in the affairs of young
fellow members, and we would entreat your aid.
I am, Sir, with high respect,
Your ob'd't serv't
Thos. F. Davis.
[Postmarked:] Chapel Hill N. C.
Aug 7
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain P. O.
Orange C'ty
N. C.
WPM-LC
E. W. Hall and others to Willie P. Mangum
University of N. Carolina. Aug. 1845
Sir
During our last Commencement, several of the Trustees,
seeing the inconvenience arising from the limited size of our
party room, and its incapacity to accommodate with any de-
gree of comfort the large number of persons present, expressed
a willingness to aid us in building a hall. At this suggestion
the matter has been taken in hand, and we a committee on be-
half of the students, are authorized to ask pecuniary assistance
from such persons as we may think willing to subscribe. Please
notice this as soon as possible, as we wish to make our calcula-
tions and complete the hall by our next commencement. Hop-
308 State Department of Archives and History
ing that our scheme may meet with your concurrence, we sign
ourselves.
Yours respectfully
E. W. Hall ) ( ? A. Daniel
W K. Blake ) Committee ( ? C. Duke
D. T. Tayloe ) ( ? Y. Manly
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange
N. C.
WPM-LC
WilliaTYi Piper^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Augt 21st. 1845.
Judge Mangum.
Dear Sir.
Your proposition in regard to a school was unexpected
to me. I have thought upon the subject I do not feel myself
competent to teach a school as it ought to be done. I am willing
if a school can be made to do my best, provided I can get a
comfortable situation convenient for my family.
Your very generous offer in regard to a school, has led me
to believe, that you regard my interest, and happiness. It is true
my situation in life is an uncomfortable one, through the mis-
haps of fortune. I am advancing in life, with delicate health,
my children all daughters, and nothing but my efforts, upon
which I can hope, to sustain myself and family; which will be
freely and fully exerted, whe[n] an opportunity offers, for
them to be displayed. I hope you will pardon me, if I propose
too much, when I say, provided a school cannot be made, that
^See below letters of W. P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum, March 16, 1846, and William
Piper to W. P. Mangum, March 24, 1846. William Piper was one of the agents for the sale of
Rev, John A. McMannin's book entitled A Pictorial Illustration of the Way of Life & Death, which
was published in 1844. Hillsborough Recorder, February 22, 1844.
The Mangum Papers 309
if you will divide your hands, and plantations with Mr. Carring-
ton and myself to manage, that with fortune in my favour I
can so manage the part entrusted to my care, that nothing will
[be] lost to you by the arrangement- Necessity has no law, I am
anxious to obtain business, and submit this proposition without
knowing what your arrangements for the next year are, trusting
that you will believe it to be my anxiety to get business, that
has induced me to be thus plain. I hope you will answer me,
and if you think it would not be to your interest to employ me,
provided a school can not be made, and of that I have my
doubts, I shall remain as ever,
Your friend
Yours &c,
W. Piper
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Jim
WPM-D
Henry Clay to P. Henry Langdon^^
Ashland 13th Sept. 1845
My Dear Sir
I received and thank you for your kind and friendly letter.
The trifling object which you requested is enclosed, with regrets
it is not some thing more worthy of your acceptance.
I submit, with resignation and philosophy, to the political
event to which you allude. It has long ceased to give me any
personal concern. Perhaps I ought to felicitate myself on my
escape from great responsibilities, in meeting which I may be
have failed to accomplish all that my ardent friends antici-
pated. Whatever lingering regrets remain are excited for them
and for our Country.
Recollecting with lively and grateful feelings my agreeable
visit last year to North Carolina, I should be most happy to re-
^^Langdon was one of those in Wilmington who helped entertain Clay while he was there.
310 State Department of Archives and History
peat it; but I am not now aware that it ever will be in my
power.
Reciprocating your friendly wishes for my health and hap-
iness,
I am Your friend
And obed. Servant
H. Clay
P. Henry Langdon Esq
Wilmington N C
[Endorsed : ] From the Honbl. Henry Clay [Postmarked : ]
Ashland Lexington, Ky.
[Addressed : ] P. Henry Langdon Esq ^^
Wilmington
North Carolina
WPM-LC
J. Pope, Jr.,^^ et als. to Willie P. Mangum.
Memphis, Tenn. Sept 15th. 1845.
Dear Sir:
You are doubtless aware that a Convention was held at this
place, on the 4th of July last,^^ the leading object of which was,
earnestly to awaken and stimulate public attention to the long
neglected wants and resources of the South and West. In con-
sequence of a somewhat indefinite notice, in the call of that Con-
vention, no decided impression was made upon the public mind;
and the result was, that, in some instances, there was no repre-
sentation, and others a very partial one, of the States interested
^JThis is a printed letter. In the July meeting, J. Pope, Jr., of Tennessee, was chairman of the
committee on local arrangements for the November Convention. Herbert Wender, Southern Com-
mercial Contentions, 1837-1839, Baltimore, 1930, 61.
s^In March, 1845, at a small gathering at Memphis of West Tennesseans and a commission from
Arkansas, it was decided to hold an internal improvements convention at Memphis in July. On July
4, 1845, delegates from several states gathered, but, because of inadequate publicity and the hurried
nature of the call, it was decided to postpone the meeting until November. Calhoun and other well-
known political leaders were approached and induced to attend. The result was that at the No-
vember session 600 delegates representing 17 states were present. Calhoun became chairman. A
series of eighteen recommendations were adopted: the strengthening of western defenses, federal aid
to the navigation of the Mississippi and its tributaries, the building of strong forts on the Gulf, a
navy yard on the Mississippi, and the apportioning of government land to build a main western rail-
road. The House of Representatives ignored the recommendation, but the Senate, under Calhoun's
influence, appointed a committee which approved several of the recommendations. The convention
was called the Calhoun Convention. Hillsborough Recorder, December 4, 1845; Wender, Southern
Commercial Conventions, 49-69.
The Mangum Papers 311
in the great objects proposed for its deliberation. Small, how-
ever, as was the Convention, compared with the magnitude of
the subjects brought before it, much interesting discussion was
elicited, and an intense and inextinguishable zeal was roused
in behalf of the vast and diversified interests, for the develop-
ment and guardianship of which the aid of the Convention had
been invoked.
In justice to the States interested, for the reasons above
stated, it was determined that the Convention should assume
a preliminary form, and that the final consummation of its ob-
objects should be postponed to a Convention to be held at this
place on the 12th day of November next.
Among the projects which will primarily engage the at-
tention of this Convention may be mentioned: The Atlantic
and Mississippi Rail-Road, the Great Ship Canal, connecting
the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, the National Turnpike
Road through the State of Arkansas, the Military and Naval
defences of the South and West, embracing Armories, Depots
and Forts, the Improvement of Southern & Western Rivers, and
the reclaiming of the banks of the same by Levees, the Facilities
of Mail Transportation, the Condition and Improvement of
Agriculture, and the Manufacturing Capabilities of the South
& West.
It is expected that the Convention will studiously avoid every
thing which will tend to excite or inflame party antipathies,
and that the action of our National Authorities will be sought
and urged only in cases where there is an entire unanimity of
sentiment as to the powers conferred upon the General Gov-
ernment.
The undersigned were appointed a Committee by the Con-
vention of July last, to invite the attendance of such persons
as were presumed to be friendly to the objects proposed for its
action. Among those who have advocated, with distinguished
zeal and ability, the great interests of the South and West, the
Committee are happy to find your name; and they earnestly
and respectfully solicit your presence and co-operation in aid
of the important enterprizes contemplated by the Convention
of the 12th of November next. They would, further respect-
312 State Department of Archives and History
fully invoke your influence in procuring a full delegation from
the district in which you reside.
With sentiments of distinguished regard,
Your obedient Servants,
J. Pope, Jr.
J. H. McMakon,
J. J. Finley,
E. M. Yerger,
J. P. Trezevant,
D. Morrison,
L. C. Trezevant.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Red Mountain,
Orange Co.,
N. C.
WPM-LC
John H. Young^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Orange Co. Sept. 16th 1845.
Dear Judge-
I v^ish to remove two houses at Buffalo Hill tomorrow and
I ask the favour of you to assist me; - by sending as many
hands as you can conveniently spare ( if but one ) you will much
oblige.
Your obt. servant,
John H. Young.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Present.
^^John H. Young, a physician, 1819-1851, lived near Mangum. He married Mangum's cousin,
Lucy P. Parker, daughter of Gslonel Abner Parker. Hillsborough Recorder, January 28, 1841; Feb-
ruary 18, 1851.
The Mangum Papers 313
WPM-LC
Samuel Winjree and John M. Sheppard to Willie P. Mangum
CIRCULAR LETTER.
Richmond, 1st October 1845.
Sir,
The subscribers, after many years experience in the Tobacco
Trade, have associated themselves in business this day under
the firm and style of
WINFREE & SHEPPARD,
For the sale of Tobacco, Wheat and Flour.
They respectfully solicit consignments.
Very respectfully,
Samuel Winfree,
John M. Sheppard, Jr.
Henderson, N. C. 1st November 1845.^^
Sir,
The subscriber intends removing to Richmond about the 1st
January next, and would recommend his friends in North Caro-
lina to the House of WINFREE & SHEPPARD. He will give
his personal and particular attention to all Consignments of
Tobacco and other Produce entrusted to their management,
with the assurance that their interest will be attended to with
fidelity and dispatch.
Very respectfully
V. Winfree.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum,
Red Mountain
N. Ca.
®°This letter in manuscript is written on the printed circular.
314 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
William Hickey^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
(CONFIDENTIAL)
Office of the Secretary of the Senate U. S.
October 3d. 1845.
Dear Sir,
I hope that you have spent a pleasant summer and that your-
self and family are in the enjoyment of perfect health, and,
that in due time, we will have you again among us, ready to do
battle in the good cause and in support of the best interests of
our country. — As the session approaches we are admonished
to prepare for your reception, and, on this occasion, to say a
word to our friends, to prepare them for the rather extra-
ordinary aspect which the interested and vindictive zeal of
some of the ultra Locofocos, seem to threaten to some of our
household. — Poor Dyer's place^^ was a mark for them, and
they intended to have opposed his re-election, particularly a
man of the name of Riell an Editor from New York, but our
friend Dyer is gone and I hope is better off, leaving the place
vacant. With regard to this place (as it is not expected that
a Whig could be elected) two views will be presented to our
Whig friends, - either to support Mr. Beall the Assistant Door-
keeper for the place of Sergeant-at-Arms, upon the principle
of regular promotion (although he may not be personally so
well qualified as he might be), or, on the other hand, to per-
mit this Loco-Editor to be brought in upon Strong party
grounds. — It is thought that if the Whigs would support Beall
he has personal friends enough among the Democratic Senators
to secure his election.—
It is also rumored that a push is to be made at our Secre-
tary^^ because he is rather luke warm - Keeps whigs in his
office - is too impartial in making purchases and giving out
oiWilliam Hickey, 1798-1866, held several government posts: draftsman for the coastal survey;
chief clerk of the Department of War; executive clerk, reading clerk, assistant clerk, and acting clerk
of the Senate. He wrote a treatise on the Constitution which went through several editions. Bessie
W. Gahn, "William Hickey of Greenvale," Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington,
D. C, XXXV-XXXVI. 109-123.
"^Edward Dyer was elected sergeant at arms and doorkeeper of the Senate. American Almanac,
1846. 193.
^^Asbury Dickins was Secretary of the Senate at this time.
The Mangum Papers 315
jobs of work &c, whereas he ought to give them all to the Demo-
crats par excellence. Should they succeed in turning him out,
we would, of course, be all marked for proscription, and the
most hungry and pushing harpies be put in.- I considered it my
duty to mention the subject in time to one or two of Tny known
and true friends, in order that they might be aware of the con-
sequences to us of an opposition to our friend Mr. Dickens. —
He has avoided proscription in the office, and of course, should
the other party now seek to proscribe him for his moderation
and justice, the gallant whigs, our friends, will I hope to a man
stand by him; whom, with his personal friends on the other
side, will secure his election. — I understand that Colo. Benton,
who is now here, has given a very emphatic negative, at the
threshold, to a party man who is seeking Mr. Dickens* place.
He is reported to have said - "Sir I would have you to know
that so far as I am concerned the Officers of the Senate are in
during good behavior, and I will tolerate no proscription in this
place for opinions' sake." — We will support and aid Mr. Dickens
in the Senate and out of the Senate with our best energies and
ability.
With apologies for troubling you on this subject I remain
Dr. Sir, with the highest respect & esteem,
Your friend and most obedient servant
W. HiCKEY
The Hon'ble Willie P. Mangum,
Senator of the United States. —
WPM-LC
T. L. Clingman to Willie P. Mangum.
(CONFIDENTIAL)
AsHEViLLE Oct 5th 1845.
My dear Judge
I write you this letter at the suggestion of Col. Gaither^* &
several of our other whig friends and any reply which you may
make to it will be made public not further than may accord
"He refers to Burgess S. Gaither, who at this time was solicitor for the seventh judicial distria
of North Carolina. Ashe, Biog. Hist, of N. C, II, 93-99.
316 State Department of Archives and History
with your wishes. There is a great diversity of opinion here
with respect to a proper selection of our next candidate for
the office of governor. I say to you in confidence that a num-
ber of the best whigs in this district have said in my hearing &
to others that they will not support Wm. A. Graham. These ex-
pressions I have endeavoured as much as possible to check &
have been & shall continue to urge upon the whigs the necessity
of supporting him if he should be nominated. We had great dif-
ficulty last year in this district in giving him the vote he got
(& that was twelve hundred less than Morehead's majority).
I then made for him all the exertion in my power & my friends
here say that I lost by so doing more votes than I was beaten
this year.^^ I know it myself & last year foresaw that I should
make many enimies with the fishy whigs, (Hoke's friends of
course). I do not regret this now & shall if Mr Graham be the
nominee support him again, but the difficulty will be much
greater to get him along than it was. Many intelligent men
say that they will not support a man whose own brother would
not support him but kept out of the district to avoid committing
himself last year, as he has invariably done when not a candi-
date himself. In fact James Graham is viewed by the greater
part of the whigs say three fourths probably in no better light
than John Tyler himself.
As to who ought to be the nominee there is much diversity
of opinion Some are for Rayner, others for Stanly, Manly &c.
The gentlemen to whom I have alluded at the beginning of
this note are of opinion that you would make a better run if
you would consent to undergo the labour than any one else.
Something which you said to me last winter, which I have not
thought fit however to allude to publicly made me suppose
that you might possibly be willing to be brought out. Whether
you would feel authorised to leave your present position filling
it as you do with so much credit to yourself & honour to the
State is a matter about which I cannot undertake to advise, I
can only assure you that should you consent to run the western
reserve will come out for you in all its whig strength & give
you a larger majority than it would any one else of our party. I
think a strong man & a vigorous canvass necessary to enable us
to sustain ourselves next year. Afterwards a new presidential
"'■Clingman was defeated for Congress by James Graham, William A. Graham's brother. Although
a Whig, James Graham had many Democratic supporters.
The Mangum Papers 317
candidate will make the thing easy for us I believe because the
floating vote will leave the democracy & come over to us in two
years/I know of course that portion of the voters who go in for
spoils &c & who will rally on some new man is preferred to
staying in the ranks of Polks party because some of them will
feel disappointed & others become dissatisfied with a very tame
mercenary administration.
Please let me hear from you at once & direct your letter to
me at Morganton where I expect to be two weeks from this
time, Our course will be in accordance with your wishes should
you intimate them. We shall begin at this place a series of
meetings for the purpose of selecting delegates to our State
convention. In these we shall expect no preference for any one
till we hear from you.
Hoping that this will be soon
I remain truly yours
T. L. Clingman.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
[Addressed:] Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Co
N. C.
WPM-LC
J. 5. Skinner^^ to W. P. Mangum
Office of The Farmers Library
7th Oct^ 1845.
My Dear Sir.
You will have to appoint a Serjeant at Arms for the Senate
and my friend Mr. James B. Mower^^ long known to me as an
efficient officer in the New York Post Office and perfectly well
qualified, will be an applicant for the trust, I hope it may be
in your way and inclination to give him your support, being
^^in 1845 John Stuart Skinner edited the New York Farmer's Library and Monthly Journal of
Agriculture for the New York Tribune. Three years later he moved to Philadelphia and continued
the paper under a different name and under his own control. D. A. B., XVII, 200.
^"James B. Mower was in the New York post office. In 1848 he tried to have the Whigs nom-
inate John McLean and Mangum for their candidates. See his letters to Mangum in 1847-1848.
318
State Department of Archives and History
well assured that his performance of the duties would be al-
together satisfactory
For myself, I am much more agreeably fixed here, than when
wearing a collar, that 'though it always chafed and sometimes
almost choked me I yet had not the courage to slip — God send
that I may never again by the power of an ''accident" or other-
wise be poked into such another predicament! one altogether
repugnant to the feelings of a freeman and to which his poverty
may, but his will- never will consent.
Very truly & constantly
Your friend
& ob't serv't
J. S. Skinner
Hon. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senator.
WPM-LC
J. S. Mower^^ to Willie P. Mangura
Hon. Willie P. Mangum ) New York. 8th. Oct. 1845
U. S. Senator )
Redmountain )
N. C. )
Sir,
I hope you will pardon me Sir, for again troubling you,
with my application, for the office of sergeant at arms; but my
good old friend Skinner, is such a right good fellow, that I
thought, I could not refuse his kind offer, of a letter of introduc-
^^See the previous letter.
The Mangum Papers 319
tion to you, Mr. Senator, and I here take leave, again Sir, to en-
close it to you.
I am Sir,
most respectfully
Your mo*, ob*.
Servant
J. B. Mower
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senator
Redmountain
N. C.
WPM-LC
Thomas J. Green To The Electors of the
Western Congressional District Of The State of Texas.^^
[25 October, 1845]
Fellow Citizens:
Some months since at the request of many friends, I con-
sented that my name might be used as a candidate for the
United States House of Representatives, for the western district
of Texas. Since which time I have been absent from home up-
on a visit to the best of Mothers, now eighty years of age, whom
I had not seen during our protracted revolution and an only
son^oo from whom I had been absent the same period, as well
as to attend to some indispensable personal obligations which
a ten years service for the land of my adoption, had caused me
to neglect. It may not be out of place here to name one other
reason for this absence. When a prisoner of war in Mexico,
with my brave comrades, of Mier and San Antonio,^^^ we found
ourselves denounced by our own President Gen. Houston, as
^''This is a circular, printed at the office of the Daily and Weekly Globe, by Levi D. Slamm and
C. C. Chiids.
i°"Wharton J. Green, later a Confederate officer and member of Congress. Born in Florida in
1831, he was educated at the University of Virginia and Cumberland University. He practiced law
with Robert J. Walker until the war broke out in 1861. Davis recommended him for brigadier
general, but the appointment was not confirmed. After the war, he returned to Warren Counry, North
Carolina, and later entered Congress. Ashe, Biog. Hist, of N. C, II, 120-125.
"iSee above. III. 43 In.
320 State Department of Archives and History
robbers and marauders upon that country which caused many
of those men to be lotteried for and murdered in a manner so
horrible as to shock the humanity of the civilized v^orld.^^^
Many of the ballance v^^ere starved to death, piece-meal in the
cold dungeons of that country. Those w^ho survived this cata-
logue of sufferings and blood, as well as those who perished,
had reputations more dear to them than life, — reputations
which they had gloriously won in fighting the battles of their
country, — reputations, the proudest heir-loom to their pos-
terity,— reputations their country's pride and property. It
was my good fortune fellow citizens, to preserve through all
the trials and dangers of our captivity the written evidences of
this most unholy, murderous slander. The living appealed to
me to vindicate them. — the tears of fathers, mothers, widows
and orphans, called aloud upon me to preserve to them the
brightest, the only legacy of sons, brothers and fathers, whose
bones are now bleaching in an enemies country. Justice to the
true history of my own country, as well as duty to the living
and the dead left me no option. This bloody tale I have pub-
lished, ^^^ and it is a circumstance not less flattering to myself
than the vindicated, that it has met universal favor with the
reading public of this country. My absence from Texas during
these few interesting months in her political existence, I trust
has neither been idly spent in her cause, but with zeal and
whatever of ability I possess has been devoted to advocating
her interest and reconciling and enlightening many unjust pre-
judices which heretofore had such a strong hold upon the popu-
lar thought of these states. To believe as I do, that I have been
of service to Texas, in this respect, is to me, ample compensa-
tion. A few weeks longer absence makes it proper that I should
address you upon some few points of great political concern-
ment, though I can hardly hope to do so satisfactorily in the
limited space of a letter, If however the presenting at this
time these questions to your consideration, invites your dis-
cussion and thereby evidences your public will, I shall feel
pround [sic] in having done so.
The surrender of your unappropriated Lands in Texas for the
payment of your public debt, — the liquidation of all just claims
i«2See above. III, 431, 434-435.
i°3Thomas Jefferson Green, Journal of the Texian Expedition Against Mier; New York, 1845.
482 pp.
The Mangum Papers 321
against Texas, — the early settlement of private land claims, —
the subdivision of Texas into states under the resolutions of an-
nexation,— the endowment of public schools — the improve-
ment of your harbors bays and rivers and the western boundary
of Texas, are among many others, momentous questions for the
immediate consideration of the people of Texas, and a too early
discussion of them cannot be had.
Four weeks previous to the death of the illustrious Ex-Presi-
dent Andrew Jackson, in discussing with me the benefits of the
union to our respective countries, he said, "It is impossible for
the United States to control the Indians and Texas to hold the
public lands. We must have them.'' So far as I have been able
to learn, this will be among the strong reasons urged by Presi-
dent Polk, to procure our public domain by either the assump-
tion of our debt, or a valuable consideration in some other
shape. Whether the people of Texas prefer to surrender their
one hundred and eighty millions of unappropriated acres for
the payment of seven or eight millions of dollars, most of which
was paid out of our treasury, at one-fourth of its face, and now
mostly due foreign shavers; or whether they will prefer an
average price per acre and settle their own debts and leave a
large surplus in their treasury; or whether they will prefer to
hold their lands and thereby control the meets and bounds of
their own and future states, are important considerations for
the people of Texas and cannot be too early entertained. While
the limits of this letter precludes me from more than a hint at
these important questions, I hope soon to discuss them at length
in person; and to abide your will thereon will be the duty of
your representatives.
In my frequent interviews this summer with President
Polk and his cabinet, I have invariably found them entertain-
ing views the most liberal in all things towards our country
and that they will so continue to feel and act, no one doubts;
for they know and admit that it was your sweat and blood
which won our fair Texas back to the bosom of this great na-
tion, when untold millions of money backed by the influence
and diplomacy of Adams, Jackson, Van Buren and Clay, failed
to accomplish it.
Should it be the will of the people of Texas to surrender
their unappropriated lands to the general government, they
322 State Department of Archives and History
cannot be too cautious in submitting their own private land
claims to the endless adjudication of an United States Land
hoard, who may do as has been done in other new States ad-
judicate the first owners into their graves and delay the second
generation into penury. With the experience of Missouri, Florida
and other states before us, let us substitute some plan by which
the few survivors of our revolution, may be early guaranteed
in some of the fruits of their hard fought battles.
Fellow Citizens, upon the subject of your Western boundary,
I am proud to assure you, that President Polk has planted his
foot upon the banks of the Rio Grande, from whence no power
of Mexico, nor any diplomatic trick at National reference, will
drive him east; and in this position he is backed by an over-
whelming majority of his countrymen. There is one great con-
trolling feeling, with the millions of this country, which was
so boldly avowed by the republicans of the land, under Presi-
dent Monroe, — to submit to no European control in the affairs
of this continent —
"No pent up Utica, confines our powers,
This whole boundless continent is ours."
This question of boundary, has been ably urged since the
adjournment of the United States Congress. — The law of the
Texas Congress, in 1836 '^defining the boundary of Texas," has
been mainly relied upon, and those presses in this country who
advocated a surrender of Texas to the Nuesses [sic] frequently
answered that ''this law of 1836 was an arbitrary declaration
and not justified by the facts in the case" — In this they are
mistaken — I was the member of the Congress of 1836 who
drafted that law and which unanimously passed that Con-
gress.— When some members of the committee proposed the
Nueces as our western boundary, I objected upon the ground
that we had driven the enemy beyond the Rio Grande — that
beyond this line the commanding General Felisola, had passed
under the conduct of our own commissioners Colonels Carnes
and Teal, and that subsequently those of the enemy who ven-
tures to the eastern bank of that river was defeated and driven
back by Captain Erastus, (Deaf) Smith, near Lerado [Larado]
and that we held to this boundary not only by virtue of
Felisola's acknowledgment, but by conquest and actual possession.
Those reasons were sufficient with the Congress of '36, and I am
The Mangum Papers 323
proud to say that they are sustained by the overwhelming pub-
lic voice of this country — Had I then yielded my opinion and
adopted the Nueces, the case might now be far different, and
Texas instead of her three hundred and fifty thousand square
miles would not have one fourth that amount.
With respect fellow citizens to my political creed, I am what
is known in the United States as a Democrat — My Father and
Grand Fathers before me were Whigs in '76 and Republicans in
'98 and proved their principles then as you have since done
in your struggle for liberty.
As to Texas politics, it is unnecessary for me to speak —
they are known to you all — my principles have been on all
occasions to fight the enemies of my country. When I have
seen that country year after year abused by a dastard enemy,
plundered and desolated and our own Chief Executive Presi-
dent Houston, foremost in falsely asserting to the enemy our
inability to redress these outrages, — When I have seen that same
Executive acting under a settled purpose to destroy that fair
portion of Western Texas, which has paid the heaviest tribute
both in taxes and blood, I have boldly and at all times, and on
all occasions, opposed this measure, — So likewise have I op-
posed his measures when I have seen him pandering to the
intrigues of a French diplomatist, who modestly asked to make
Texas a '^Franco Texian" dependency, — So have I opposed his
nefarious attempt to put her under British vassalage, — His
correspondence with the blood-thirsty Santa Anna, — His de-
nunciation of the brave men of Mier — His usurpation of the
law which gave them bread. His proclamation of piracy against
the gallant Commodore Moore and the Navy^^* — His ex-
travagant friendship to our Indian enemies — His compound
frauds to defeat annexation, all, all, have I boldly opposed both
in and out of Congress. While I have many personal friends
in Texas, who have heretofore been the avowed friends of
General Houston, I beg that they will not deceive themselves,
as to my opinion of him. I have long since conscientiously be-
lieved that he was the most corrupt man personally and political-
io*The Texas navy consisted of three vessels which at the time of the negotiations for annexation
were at New Orleans under the command of Commodore Moore. Money was sent to release the
vessels from creditors, but Moore failed to carry out the orders. Instead, he cooperated in a free-
booting expedition to make great profits for Texas and himself. Houston ordered Moore to surrender
the vessels and when he failed to comply, Houston pronounced him a pirate. Moore then challenged
Houston to a duel, but Houston ignored the challenge and demoted Moore. Marquis James, The
Raven: A Biography of Sam Houston (Indianapolis, 1929), 334-335; Alexander Dienst, "The
Navy of the Republic of Texas," Quarterly of the Texas Historical Association, XIII, 113-127.
324 State Department of Archives and History
ly I ever knew — This belief has never been disguised; on all
occasions for the last nine years, have I spoken and published
it.^^^ His favors and his cowardly malice I have ever held in
equal contempt, and between him and his principles and myself
there can be no compromise. — When I have seen him proclaim-
ing in his annual Message the most stupid untruths — When I
have seen him swallowing at the bar of Congress falsehoods
before they were cold from his lips, — When I have seen his
blubbering lamentations over his Cherokee connections, — When
I have seen him wallowing in the filthiest gutters of your capitol
a disgusting bloated drunkard, and a majority of our country-
men folding their arms and countenancing these, and a thou-
sand other of his enormities, my heart has bled for my country,
but never have I despaired of a brighter day — That brighter
day, fellow citizens, thanks to your republican principles, is at
hand, when we can produly look to the President of this great
Confederacy as our President, to the American Congress, as our
Congress, and to this great Nation, as our Nation.
Thomas J. Green,
City of New- York, Oct. 25, 1845.
WPM-LC
James P. Scales^^^ & Others to Willie P. Mangum.
HiLLSBORo' Nov. 15th 1845.
Judge Mangum
Sir
We the undersigned have the honor to inform you in be-
half of the Adelphian Society that you have been elected an
honorary member of that body.
The object for which our Society was instituted, is similar
to that of other literary associations of the kind, and too well
lo^This hostility continued until the Civil War. In 1860-1861, when Texans were considering
secession. Green vigorously campaigned for secession. At one place in the discussion when Houston
was asked his opinion of Green, he replied: "He has all the characteristics of a dog except fidelity."
James, The Raven, 409.
i°^A graduate of the University of North Carolina in 1829, James Scales moved to Mississippi
where he became a speaker of the lower house of the legislature. He was a major in the Civil War.
Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C, 548.
The Mangum Papers 325
known to you to require any explanation on our part. An early
answer is respectfully requested
Yours
James P. Scales
D. T. Towles
Wm. McKerall
Correspon'd Committee.
To Hon. W. P. Mangum
Orange
N. C.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
Orange Cty
No. Ca.
Willie P. Mangum to William A. Graham.^^"^
Orange Co. 22"^ Nov. 1845.
My dear Sir.
I have been requested to ask the favor of you, to write a
word touching the Sufficiency of two Notes, that will be presented
next week, to the Cape Fear bank in Raleigh, for discount. -
The first - W™. Forsythe, principal;- with S. P. Forsythe &
James Bullock, & E. G. Mangum sureties. - The next E. G. Man-
gum principal - with Abner Parker & H. Parker sureties. - The
first for $800 - The next for like sum.
I presume, you know enough of the parties, to render any
statement of mine unnecessary. - At all events, the notes, as
above, will be beyond all question, & as good as any in N. Caro-
lina. -
i°^The original is in the William A. Graham Papers, University of North Carolina.
326 State Department of Archives and History
I speak from knowledge.
Yrs as ever, most truly
Willie P. Mangum
To Gov. Graham
Raleigh
[Endorsed on reverse:] Willie P. Mangum 1845
Two Notes in Bank Cape Fear?
WPM-LC
Joseph B. Hinton^"^ to Willie P. Mangum
Raleigh N. C. Dec 1. 1845
Honl. & dear Sir,
Permit an old friend & admirer to say, in the pride & pleasure
of a Carolinian, your honours wear well, for they have been
fairly won. Another, indeed, may fill your vacant seat, but
does the Nation think it is as nobly filled as when occupied by
the Mangum of the good old North State? No indeed, no. We
shall see the beginning of the end of the present state of things,
by & by.
In the mean time, allow me to commend to your kindest re-
gards and assistance, if possible, a gentleman who is every
way worthy of both- I mean Edward Warner Esq. a promising
young Lawyer of Washington City- the protege of the late Mr.
Legare, in whose office he studied Law, & under whose patronage
he went to the bar: besides a ripe schollar, Mr Warren is a
gentleman in every sense of the word- He desires to be Door
Keeper of the Senate- and if his political & personal friend, Mr.
Choat, had not left the Senate, he would have a right to ex-
pect all that his Whig principles & the influence of his friend,
Mr Choat, could do for him. His wife is a niece of ex Gov.
Grayson of Md. & of the late Mrs. Stone of this City & my wife
also. If you can feel free to aid Mr. Warner - it will greatly
gratify us all- and if in Mr. Warner, the Senate gets an officer,
I feel confident, that body never had an officer who gave more
universal satisfaction, than he would.
i-J^See above, I, 5 2 On.
The Mangum Papers 327
My best wishes for your health & happiness — ever attends
you.
Yours most truly.
Jos. B. HiNTON
Honl. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Honl, Willie P. Mangum.
Senator in Congress,
Washington.
D. C.
WPM-LC
John Minge^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Petersbg. Deer 1 45
Dear Sir
I had intended to have visited Washington to see you in
person but as circumstances prevent me, I must be permitted
to call your attention to some of my grievances, as you perhaps
know I have been without cause or even charge of error been
dismissed from office and my place supplied by a man, to say
the least of him, who stands charged with crimes and mis-
demeanors and who was the only applicant, shewing the settled
policy of the administration, and no doubt can be left on the
mind of any man that it is a case similar to the one supposed in
the debate by Mr. Madison and others on the abridgement of
the Executive power, and which Mr. Madison in his enthusiasm
on the virtue of republicks declared ''was not likely to happen,
and if it did, would afford fair grounds for impeachment." I
Sir have been displaced directly in the face of publick opinion
as you might have known on yr visit here last spring both parties
loudly and numerously demanded my continuance yet a few
party hacks representing themselves as a delegation from the
democratic party, in fulfilment of promises of payment to some
hirelings of their party demanded the removal of every officer
109 John Minge, 1796-1871, a graduate of William and Mary, married Mary Griffin Adams, of
Richmond, and later became postmaster under Tyler. William and Mary Quarterly, Ser. 1, Vol. XXI,
32; XXV. 238; John Minge to , April 12, 1849.
328 State Department of Archives and History
in the district, and with the aid of Mr Dromgoole and Mr I W
Jones to certify to fitness and capacity have placed in situations
of high trust and responsibility, at least one if not two who
are unworthy of the places they occupy, if the charge made
against them be true and which are uncontradicted and these
charges have been made by one of their own party and who
is a Lawyer of eminence in this City and who receives and en-
joys the respect and confidence of the most respectable part of
our community, and the only means left his opponents of
countervailing his influence was to charge him with monomania
on the subject of gambling and cheating at cards, now, a very
common substerfuge in criminal accusations. —
You will be surprised when I declare to you that my course
in this affair, to wit, requesting yr particular attention to the
confirmation of the present incumbent in the P. Office in
Petersbg has not been directed by any malignity of feeling to-
wards this individual, but in obedience to a duty I owe to my
Country as well as to myself, believing as I do that the chains
of the slaves may become musick to their ears unless manfully
resisted when the first rivet is made, and fearfully should we
look on these small encroachments on the citadel of our liberties
when in our own history we know that perhaps this domain
now our beautiful and beloved country has been lost to its
mother for a paltry tax unjustly levied on a few pounds of tea,
and Grecian history informs us that a counsel of its wisest men,
maintained that government to be best, which soonest redress'd
the grievances of its subjects, and in making this request of you
Sir whose head & heart have ever dictated and whose hand is
ever ready to do justice to the humblest individual, I have con-
tributed my mite smaller perhaps than even "the widows" to
prevent such great effects from inconsiderable causes, so when
our beautiful government shall crumble into atoms and be lost
in Chaotic confusion it shall not be said of me as was said of the
Romans "their failure to resist the first approach to Tyrany
rivited their chains."
I have no intimate personal acquaintance with Mr. Archer
or I would appeal to him, I know him only as a man of high,
noble and Chivalrous bearing as incapable of the least shadow
of injustice or oppression as is water to run upwards and whose
The Mangum Papers 329
attention will be call'd to it on the least hint which you may
give—
I owe you an apology for not calling on you when hard
pressed as you told me but the truth is I had been lulled into
security by a conversation which had been held with the Presi-
dent of his own seeking with Mr. Ritchie in which he distinctly
told Mr. R he would not molest me, only a few days before this
self styled delegation from the dem. party in Petersbg demanded
my removal, I was beheaded before I knew the Guilotine had
been built, and of course had no time to do so, tho' I shall ever
believe from our conversation that you could have saved me —
Yrs. with great Esteem
Sincerely & truly
Jno Minge.
WPM-LC
A. W. Gay'^" to Willie P, Mangum.
Knap-of Reeds, Granville County N. C.
Deer 4th 1845
Dear Sir,
I desired to call and see you before you left home; but was
prevented by a continued press of professional engagements.
I perceive that, by the new post office law of March 3rd 1845,
"members of Congress may transmit, free of postage, any docu-
ments printed by order of either House of Congress. ["] Al-
though I shall no more be a candidate, still I wish to keep my-
self informed on all the leading political topics of the day. On
this account, I shall be greatly obliged to you, if you will be
good enough to send me from time to time such documents as
will give information on what will be the points of most prob-
able discussion in the contests of next year, relating particularly
to Texas, Oregon, and more especially the financial concerns of
the General Government. You are doubtless aware that an im-
portant element in the political discussions of next summer in
this state, will be your own political course, as the next General
Assembly will have either to re-elect you or select some one in
ii^See above A. W. Gay to W. P. Mangum, April 20, 1844.
330 State Department of Archives and History
your place. As far as I can learn, I believe the whigs are dis-
posed to sustain you and retain you in your present position.
You will, however, be the object of violent attack by the op-
posite party. It will therefore be indispensable that your friends
be, in some way, put in possession of such information as may
best enable them to meet those assaults. I would suggest
whether this could not best be done by speeches delivered by
yourself in the Senate during the present session of Congress
and circulated, before the canvass of next summer. Such
speeches, if delivered will be industriously circulated by your
friends in N. C.
As the Appendix to the Congressional Union is devoted en-
tirely to such purposes, and will no doubt be widely circulated,
would it not be well to prepare the speeches carefully for that
paper?
Please excuse these suggestions if they appear to be out of
place. They are prompted only by a desire for your re-election
by the next Legislature.
Respectfuly yours &c.
A. W. Gay
P.S. Since the foregoing was written, I was called to your
house late in the night on Friday last, the 5th to see your boy
Alfred. I found him in a state of callapse; almost entirely un-
able either to speak or to swallow. Dr. Blacknal, who had been
sent for on Friday, did not get there until Saturday morning.
The boy had sunk so low that I soon found him to be moribund.
From the history of his disease given by the family, it was evi-
dently a case of low typhoid fever, which has been prevailing
for some months past, complicated with an insidious kind of
Pneumonia which often does not declare itself by any very
unequivocal signs to an ordinary observer until irreparable dis-
organization of the pulmonary structure has taken place. I suc-
ceeded for a very short period before the arrival of Dr. Blacknal,
in partially arousing the boy from his stupor; but he soon re-
lapsed. As I had to attend to a patient dangerously ill at home,
I left him with Dr. B. satisfied that he could not live long. He
died on Saturday night. The boy was unwell before you left
home, and continued somewhat so all the time; but nothing oc-
curred to alarm the family until Friday. An unsuccessful effort
The Mangum Papers 331
was immediately made to get Dr. B. and I did not see him until
two or three hours before day on Saturday morning. Dr. Young
had gone off to be married.
It is not uncommon for Pneumonia to proceed so insidiously
and to create so little suffering that neither the patient nor his
friends are ala[rm]ed until all remedies are unavailing, espe-
cia[lly wjhen the pulmonary disease is associated with very
low typhoid degree of fever.
Yours &c.
A. W. Gay.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
Washington City.
D. C.
WPM-LC
Thomas J. Green to Willie P. Mangum
Washington City
Deer. 4th. 1845.
My Dear Judge:
Herewith I enclose^^^ you a map of Texas, with the Land of
Dr. Archer,^!- marked upon it, by which you can judge of its
locality.- You will see that it is within 35 miles of the sea coast,
crosses Caney & fronts upon the San Bernard river, which is
navigable at many seasons of the year immediately from it, and
at all seasons to within a few miles of it.- This tract of 1600
acres is a portion of Ira Ingrams, head right League of Land one
of the first and most choice leagues in Austin colony.- It was
purchased of s^. Ingram, by the Hon Wm H. Wharton in 1834
at $2. per acre & one half subsequently sold to Dr. Branch T.
Archer. — The Land is cain brake and cedar and esteemed to
he as good as any on the earth & entirely above overflow.- It is
"^^This is not in the Mangum Papers.
ii"Branch T. Archer, 1790-1856, was a physician and local political leader of his native state,
Virginia, before he moved to Texas in 1831. In Texas he supported statehood within the Republic
of Mexico and later Texan independence. In 1826 with S. F. Austin and William H. Wharton, he
went to the United States as commissioner to obtain money, men, and supplies for the war against
Mexico. Under Lamar he was secretary of war for Texas. D. A. B., I, 338-339.
332 State Department of Archives and History
in Latitude 29^ .30 minutes & quite one degree South of the best
Sugar estates in Louisana. — The Sugar planters in the neigh-
bourhood with crude wooden fixtures have made a better yield
of Sugar than the Lousianians while the cotton produce of
this region is uneaquelled. Another advantage of this kind of
Land should be named- towit- that it is as easy to clear a planta-
tion in one year on it, as it would be in heavy timber Land
in twenty.- This Land is in the immediate vicinity of Capt. John
Duncan, & Majr. Rugely, two wealthy gentlemen and large
planters.- Capt. Duncan, sold the remaining part of this league
of Land to Mr. P. Weaver, of Selma Alabama in 1838 at $4. per
acre in gold.- Circumstances makes it necessary for Dr. Archer,
to sell immediately and he will take for his 800 acres $2,000 or
$2.50 per acre I do esteem this as one of the best bargains ever
offered in choise sugar Lands whether it be purchased for im-
mediate cultivation or as an investment; for I have not yet
heard a good reason why our Texas Sugar Lands may not come
up to something like the Louisana prices. —
There is a popular mistake about the cost of a sugar estab-
lishment which I desire to correct. — A a small planter can make
sugar as well as he can make cotton, and with no more ex-
pence of fixture. —
Dr. Archer, and myself will go tomorrow to New York where
we will be absent about a week and return via this place to
Texas, when if you wish to make this purchase he can be seen.-
Mrs. Wharton's portion of the Land was offered at the same
price and can doubtless yet be had for that price.- The whole
tract is capable of makeing a planting interest sufficient for 100
hands-
In haste your friend truly,
Thos. J. Green.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington City.
The Mangum Papers 333
Willie P. Mangum to Ashury Dickins^^^
Sunday 7**^. Dec^ '45
My dear Sir,
I have just returned from Berrien & Barrow - All right. M^
Berrien has been approached both at home & here, in the man-
ner you had supposed. - He promptly & resolutely rejected the
overture. -
He said there, as he has just said to me, that upon no con-
sideration, nor for any person, would he withhold his Vote from
you - On the contrary, he goes for you as decidedly & as cor-
dially, as any Gentleman in the Senate.
Yrs as ever
W. P. Mangum
To As: Dickens esq.
WPM-LC
D. Clapp^^^ to Willie P. ManguTn
[15 December, 1845]
Hon. Wiley P. Mangum:
Dear Sir
I take the liberty to address you these few lines, and re-
quest a favor from you, which, if granted, will be a great ac-
commodation to myself as p[ub]lisher of a public Newspaper.
What I have to ask is, that you [wou]ld send me any. and
all public d[ocu]ments and speeches which would be of ad-
vantage to me in my business. And especially, I wish to get
such documents and reports as will give any information on the
Tariff, the amount of imports and exports &C. Also all docu-
ments giving information in reference to Oregon &c. &c., with
all reports officially made to Congress during the present ses-
sion.
You will excuse my presumption in making this request. The
only apology I have to offer is, that our member from this Dist,
ii^The original is in the Historical Society, Pennsylvania. Compare this letter with the one
from William Hickey to W. P. Mangum, October 3, 1845.
ii*See above. III, 97n.
334 State Department of Archives and History
( John Wentworth, ) cannot be prevailed upon to send any thing
of importance to a Whig, while I myself, have counted, on the
arrival of one single mail at our place, not less than three hun-
dred documents all franked by the said ''Long John," to loco-
focos. And why I presume to address you is that I have had
the pleasure of an introduction to your Honor; being a native
of old Orange, N. C. and having emigrated to this state only a
few years.
With this explanation I sign myself your servant and friend
D. Clapp
Danville 111. Dec. 15, '45.
P.S. What favors you may [confer 1 upon me please direct to
Danville Patriot
Danville
111.
[Addressed : ]
Hon W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
Chas. G. PercivaV^^ to Willie P. Mangum
City of Utica N. Y.
Dec. 16, 1845—
Dr Sir
I have the favor to ask that you will put my name on the
list of those to whom you send Pub Doc^ as unless I can per-
suade some Whig to do so I shall stand a poor chance in this
^^''Unable to identify.
The Mangum Papers 335
hot bed of loco focoism without a Whig M. C. within a hundred
miles —
Very Respcty Yours
Chas. G. Percival
Hon. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
Report of the Work of the Whig Republican Association 1845
CIRCULAR.
Boston, Dec. 16, 1845.
The Committee appointed by the Government of the WHIG RE-
PUBLICAN ASSOCIATION, to make a brief Report on the
doings of the Association, for the year 1845,
REPORT:
That at the commencement of the present season, under the
discouragements of a recent national defeat, and the estrange-
ment of some of our friends, it was thought hardly possible
that our Head Quarters could be kept open, and the Whig flag
kept flying over them during the year. Through the urgent solic-
itation of many of our strongest Whigs and their liberal con-
tributions, and confiding in the liberality of the Whigs of Bos-
ton, and feeling, also, that it was most important that Mass-
achusetts should present a bold front during the attacks on the
Protective System of 1842, and on our general State Policy, the
Government determined to carry on their operations for another
year.
Their anticipations have not been disappointed. The Fi-
nances of the present year will cover every expense, and it is
336 State Department of Archives and History
believed that the usefulness of the Association, to the City and
the State has been greatly increased, without any additional
outlay, especially as regards its influence v^ith the Young
Whigs, and the circulation of information by documents, &c.
During the past year, besides the regular subscribers, more
than a thousand young men have enjoyed this means of acquir-
ing political information; we have sent out over five hundred
thousand pages of valuable documents into the City and adjacent
towns, and many of our friends from the country towns send to
our Head Quarters for statistics and political documents. -
Thousands of Whigs from the interior, and from other States,
have visited our Rooms, to which they are always welcome.
The Committee leave it to the Whigs of Boston to decide
whether the Association shall continue its operations or whether
their Head Quarters shall be closed and their influence be dis-
continued.
Nathaniel Hammond,
Nathan W. Bridge,
Ebenezer Dale,
James Fowle,
Henry W. Cushing,
Committee.
N. B. - This Circular will he called for. Those who wish to aid
the operation of the Association by being considered sub-
scribers for the ensuing year, and those who do not, will
write Yes, or No, at the bottom. Subscription $3. Those
under twenty-one, $1.
WPM-LC
W. G. E. Agnew^^^ et als. to Willie P. Mangum.
PHILAD^ Deer 17, 1845
Dear Sir
At a meeting of the Board of Managers of the Home Mis-
sionary & Tract Society of the M. E. Church of the City & County
of Philadelphia it was Resolved That W. G. E. Agnew President,
Wm. H. Richardson T. Norris W. McMackin W. H. Reed W. P.
ii"In McElney's Philadelphia Directory for 1832, p. 2, he listed his occupation as teacher.
The Mangum Papers
337
Hacker & Alex. Cummings be a Committee to provide Talented
Popular Speakers for a course of Public Lectures [to be] de-
livered in this City The proceeds of which shall be appropriated
to the relief of the poor & destitute without regard to denomina-
tion within the bounds of our Mission. In pursuance of the
above object we now address you desiring to know if it would
suit your convenience to deliver one Lecture for us in the course
of the Winter on any subject that might meet your views.
We would urge this the more upon you in view of the great
destitution among our populace during the Winter and the in-
creased means of relief with which your valuable services thus
rendered are calculated to supply us.
Knowing your Urbanity & benevolence we fearlessly leave
the matter with you requesting an answer as soon as con-
venient that if favourable we may take the necessary measures
to give it publicity
With great respect
We are Dear Sir
Yrs truly & Sincerely
W. G. E. Agnew Prest
Wm. H. Richardson
Thad^ Norris
W H Reed
W P Hacker
Wm. McMackin
A Cummings
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
Thurlow Weed to Willie P. Mangum
Albany, Dec 18, 1845.
Hon. W. Mangum,
Allow me, Dear Sir, to thank you, most ardently, for the
enlightened and patriotic course you took upon Gov. Cass' Reso-
338 State Department of Archives and History
lution.^^^ The voices and the Votes of Whig Senators, on these
Resolutions, while they diminish greatly the chances of War,
serve to keep the Whig Party out of false position.
If our Whig friends v^ould consent to leave the responsibility
of a War w^ith England, and upon the Tariff w^here the People
have lodged the power, "there would be little of evil to appre-
hend from either of these crusades.
Very Respectfully & Truly
Your Obt Sert
Thurlow Weed
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W Mangum,
U. S. Senate
Washington
WPM-LC
P. TJ. Murphey to Willie P. Mangum.
U. S. S. Pennsylvania
Dec 20th 1845
My dear Sir
I am now at the head of the list of Passed Midm. & a vacancy
has occured in the death of Commodore Elliott: which causes
me to write you at this time —
The Commodore has been dead better than a week & the va-
cancy has not been filled — I feel most anxious to get my pro-
motion, as you must know, & I hope you will assist me. I have
seen a great deal of hard service, since I had the pleasure of
seeing you, & am much altered, from my campaign in Florida.
At this time, the war fever seems to run high, in the country.
ii^In the Senate in early December, Cass offered resolutions instructing certain committees to
inquire into the conditions of the army, navy, and public defenses and to report what improvements
were necessary. On December 15, when he supported his resolutions with a speech, he said that
negotiations with Britain had failed and that Great Britain was assuming a menacing attitude.
Military preparation, he said, was the best means to prevent war. Mangum replied that this action
would only stir up war feelings. He would leave the matter to the President, who was in a position
to ascertain the needs of the military forces. He felt that the country was ready to meet an emergency.
His speech and similarly expressed views of Webster and Crittenden tended to allay some of the war
feeling. Hillsborough Recorder, January 15, 1846; Cong. Globe, 29 Cong., 1 sess., A1-A9; McCormac,
James K. Polk, 585-586.
The Mangum Papers 339
Should we have one, I hope the officers from the Old North
State, (though few) will gain laurels for her.
I hope I shall have a chance of sending you a barrel of fine
oysters ere long
Please remember me to my friends from the Old State.
Excuse this scribble
Yours truly
P. U. MURPHEY, U.S.N.
Judge Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Judge Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
D. C.
WPM-D
Alexander F. Vache^^^ to Willie P. Mangum
New York December 22nd 1845
The Honble
Willie P. Mangum
U. States Senator
Sir,
I have the honor to invite you and your lady, to the
first annual Ball of the "Texas and Oregon Association" on the
8th of January 1846, and in conveying to you this wish, I avail
myself of the opportunity, at their request, to say, that although
they differ with you in general politics, they nevertheless, ap-
preciate, and honor the intergrity of a man who casts aside party
distinction, and fearlessly and magnanimously comes to the aid
of his Country when threatend with invasion by foreign foes -
With such Americans, the character and safety of the United
States, can neither be sullied or endangered, and with such
iif Alexander F. Vache. a graduate of Columbia College in 1825, dabbled in politics at the
same time that he practiced medicine. Longworth's New York Directory, 1844-1843, 354; Bonner,
The World's Metropolis, 270; See below W. P. Mangum to Sally, Patty, Mary Mangum, January 1,
1846. See below, 344-345.
340 State Department of Archives and History
patriots, the Flag of the nation must ever victoriously and
triumphantly flow to the unrestrained winds of Heaven.
Allow me to add that your recent speech, on Senator Cass'
resolutions, has identified you with the distinguished men, who
prefer defeat, to inglorious submission, and death, to appre-
hensive venality.
With profound respect
Your Obedt. Sert.
Alexr. F. Vache
The Corresponding Committee
29 Chambers Street
WPM-LC
Daniel Mallory^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York Dec^ 22^ 1845
Dear Sir,
I was rejoiced to see your name among the Committee ap-
pointed by the Senate to report on the claims of French Spoila-
tions^^^ prior to 1800. Indeed, I think a majority of the Com-
mittee are gentlemen who will be willing to do justice to this
long protracted claim. I have no immediate interest in the mat-
ter, but I have friends who are large sufferers in the injustice
and shameful neglect of our own government. The history of
this business you are too familiar with for me to speak of it
here. It is now almost, if not quite fifty years, since these aggres-
sions took place. The consideration for these losses has been
in the possession of this government for forty years if my
memory serves me. Be that as it may our government received
from that of France a full recompense for these claims, and no
Subterfuge can be interposed with any show of fairness to
withold any longer the amounts due to the claimants. Many, if
not most of the original sufferers, have ceased to want, but there
are yet a few who are in poverty. For the life of me I cannot
understand the policy, let alone the justice, of a government
like ours, refusing to refund the amount which it has long since
^"He is listed as a "General Agent" in Wilson, The Business Directory of New York City for
1848, p. 21.
i^'See above, I, 418n.
The Mangum Papers 341
obtained belonging to these claimants. In private life an in-
dividual would be ashamed to show his head in public who had
received a large sum belonging to another and refused to re-
fund it. If he had inadvertently used it, common honesty would
require some acknowledgement with a promise to repay it at
some future time, and this should be the course of this govern-
ment. Let these claims be fairly stated and settled, and if the
government is not able to pay at the moment let it issue their
promise — fifty years ahead if advisable with 5 or 6 pr ct interest.
Something should be done in common business to mark the
just aspirations of their claimants. I have taken it for granted
that one of your generous and noble nature would spurn an
ignoble act let it emanate from what source it may; and what
can compare in meanness thro' retention of anothers property,
when the ability to make restitution is manifested.
I was very much gratified with the course you adopted on
Genl Cass's resolutions. It has crossed my mind whether the
early movement of these resolutions by him were not intended
to place the Whigs in the wrong by the supposition that com-
ing from the quarter they did they would be opposed Cass is a
man of some genius, but sadly deficient in long sightedness as
a Statesman. You recollect a question put to him by some de-
signing friends of Mr Van Buren on his reaching this city from
his French mission & as to his opinion of the utility & constitu-
tionality of a U S Bank? and he had just returned too from the
most crafty & subtle court in Europe; a friend who knows him
intimately says he is deficient in moral courage, and is easily
cowed, of this I know nothing. I do not even know his person.
It is evident enough that he is commencing a game for the presi-
dency.
I trust, and so does a large portion of the people that there
is conservatism enough in the Senate to frustrate the folly
and wickedness of some of its members who would for their
own vile and selfish ends emboil this country in war with Eng-
land. Should it take place there is not a town or city that would
be reached with their Steam Marine that would not suffer and
a majority would be destroyed. Can it be possible that a ma-
jority of Congress can be mad enough to bring about so de-
plorable a calamity? and all for what? It is worse than idle to
suppose England is desirous of a conflict with us. There is every
342 State Department of Archives and History
inducement for a contrary conclusion. Here in this city the agita-
tion of it is producing disastrous effects. What then would be
the reality? Should it come it will drive thousands and tens of
thousands into hopeless poverty.
I trust that no apology is deemed necessary for the liberty
I have taken in saying what I have on these subjects
I am very truly & faithfully
Your friend & obt. st.
Daniel Mallory.
To the Honb Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate.
[Addressed : ]
To the honorable,
Willie P. Mangum
Senate
Washington.
WPM-LC
"A True American'' to Willie P. Mangum
Nev^ York Dec 24th 1845
Dear Sir,
In the present state of affairs, I have one or two things to
present to your notice. From all accounts brought over to this
country from Europe we are informed that England is making
extensive preparations as for war. All eyes turn towards Oregon
as the moving spirit. ^^^ May I not ask if it may not be making
preparations to send her ships to the coast of Oregon and of
erecting forts on the Columbia river, and then saying to us now
take Oregon if you want it. She might be urged to this by the
course the American press have been pursuing- I would sug-
gest one thing and then I have done- it is this Would it not be
^^^For a good discussion of the Oregon controversy and the danger of war with Great Britain
see McCormac, James K. Polk, 555-611.
The Mangum Papers 343
better instead of comming to any agreement in regard to Oregon,
at the present time, with England, or of laying claim to the
country and sending troop there, instead of this I say to go on
colonising, and affording every facility for emigration there, to
our citizens there, at the same time establishing a sett of Laws
by which our citizens could be governed and protected as the
English have already done. Also by sending occasionally a
body of mounted riflemen into the country and building stock-
ades in the country, especially along the banks of the Columbia
river. The advantage of this you will immediately perceive.
For every soldier you sent, in the former case, you would be
obliged to send his provisions to him, and every bushel of wheat
would cost perhaps from four to five Dollars by the time it
reached him, and meat in proportion- while in the latter case
the man who emegrates there raises his own corn and is at no
expense to the government and he would be as good a soldier
as the former as he would be defending his own property. As
to the riflemen, if the British say what are you sending bodies
of armed men into the country, we can say merely to defend our
citizens as you do yours. Look at the British fur Company. By
these means we can take quiet possession of the country and
in a few years say to the English, now come to to terms. Leav-
ing these few thoughts for your consideration
I remain
Yours respectfully
A True American
P. S. I direct to you as I have forgotten at the moment the
name of our senator but I trust any Whig
[Addressed : ]
TO The
Honorable Mr Mangum
Washington
D. C.
344 State Department of Archives and History
Willie P. Mangum to James K. Polk^^^
Washington 26th Dec. 1845.
To
The President of the U States
Sir
Two days ago Col. Ward requested me (as he was well war-
ranted in doing, by reason of his knowledge of my former in-
timacy with some of his most distinguished & near relatives)
to hand you a note to day, as he understood from me, that I in-
tended to make a call.- Circumstances prevent my carrying out
that purpose; & I take the liberty of enclosing his note, lest
Col. W. may think me negligent or careless in this matter.
I am very sure, that if Col. W. shall succeed in his purpose, it
will be gratifying to a large & extended Circle of relatives &
friends in No. Ca.- all or nearly all, I am sorry to know, are
democrats as well as agreeable to all- & as far as I know- of the
delegation in Congress from that State.
With high Consideration
I am Sir
Your Mo. obt. Sevt.
Willie P. Mangum
1846
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Sally, Patty & Mary Mangum
Washington, 1^* January 1846.
My dear daughters.
I enclose an invitation^ to a ball at New York on the 8**^.
inst. for you dear Mother & myself. — Will she come in time? I
i^^The original is in the James K. Polk Papers, Library of Congress. I did not find the enclosed
note of Colonel Ward. This letter has been previously published by Miss Elizabeth McPherson in
the N. C. Hist. Rev. XVII, 266.
Polk held a more kindly feeling toward Mangum than he did toward most Whigs. On one occa-
sion he wrote in his diary that Mangum "though a Whig, is a gentleman, and fair & manly in his
opposition to my administration." McCormac, James K. Polk, 336; Quaife, ed., Diary of James K.
Polk, III, 381.
^See above, Alexander F. Vache to W. P. Mangum, December 22, 1845.
The Mangum Papers 345
cannot ask you, as you are not invited.- This day is spent here
in Visits - I have been out the most of the day- It is now 8V2
oclock, at night.- I am nearer well than I have been, since my
arrival.- We shall not have War.
Look at the invitation enclosed. & Misses Sally & Patty will
lay it before them & copy it an hundred times, & see if they
cannot begin to write as well.- The invitation & the note, show
that I struck the right note- Many other evidences to the same
effect.- I spoke without warning, & without expecting it.
Give My Love to your Mother & William, & believe me, as
ever, with the strongest affection for all of you.
Kiss Mother for me.
W. P. Mangum
Misses Sally, Patty & Mary Mangum
[Addressed : ]
To
Misses Sally, Patty & Mary Mangum
Red Mountain
No. Carolina
WPM-LC
James Cooper^ to Willie P. Mangum,.
Harrisburg Jany 4 1846.
My dear Sir:
It is of very great importance to the Whigs of Penna. that
the nomination of Judge Woodward^ to the Bench of the Sup.
Court should not be confirmed. I have not time to give you the
reasons at present. But be assured that I do not over-estimate
the importance of his defeat when I say that it is more than
^James Cooper, 1810-1863, was a member of Congress in 1839-1843 and of the Pennsylvania
legislature in 1843, 1844, 1846, and 1848. He was his state's attorney general in 1849 just prior to
his election to the United States Senate. He served in the Senate until 1855. In politics h^ was a
Whig. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 846.
^George Washington Woodward, 1809-1875, was judge of the fourth judicial district in Pennsyl-
vania frorn 1841 to 1851. In 1845 Polk nominated him justice of the Supreme Court, but the Senate
rejected his nomination. He served as judge of his state's supreme court from 1852 to 1867 and as
a member of Congress from 1867 to 1871. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1728.
346 State Department of Archives and History
probable it will change the relative positions of parties in this
State.
Very truly & respectfully yours
James Cooper.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon: W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington.
WPM-LC
Francis B. Whiting^ to Willie P. Mangum.
St. Marks Florida
January 5th, 1846.
Sir:
I trust you w^ill pardon the liberty I take in troubling you
w^ith this communication, when the motives are made known: -
I wish to call your attention to the appointment of Nathaniel
W. Walker^ as Collector of the customs for this Port, made by
the President during the recess of your honorable body.
I have known this man for nearly seventeen years and am
well assured no Senator would sustain his nomination if his
perfect unfitness for office was made apparent —
In the first place he left South Carolina for killing his half
brother & though acquitted by Law, I know that he is still held
in detestation by Genltmen cognizant of the fact: in proof of
which you will please to refer to Col: Robert W. Alston of
Quincy Florida, (with whom I presume you are personally ac-
quainted,) formerly of Halifax N. Carolina.
I also on yesterday ( Sunday 4th instant ) saw the said Walker
gambling in a Grog shop in presence of eight or ten persons.
^Whiting moved to Florida from Virginia after 1834. William and Mary Quarterly, Ser. 2, Vol.
III. pp. 271, 275.
^In 1842 he was the speaker of the Florida lower house of the legislature. His appointment as
Collector of Customs at St. Marks was confirmed January 3, 1846. Dorothy Dodd, Florida Becomes
a State, Tallahassee, 1945, 383; Executive Journal of the Senate, VII, 14, 24.
The Mangum Papers 347
I also assert without fear of contradiction, that this man is
a notorious drunkard and entirely unqualified for so important
an office and pledge myself to prove those & other serious
charges against him whenever required by the proper authority.
I have written also to Col. Benton, Hon. D. H. Lewis and
Hon. W. T. Colquitt on the same subject to whom you will
please to refer= —
And beg to refer you to Gov. CalP & Geo K. Walker of Talla-
hassee & Col. Alston (above named) as to myself.
With great Respect
Yours sincerely
Francis B. Whiting
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed:] Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
United States Senate.
Washington City. D. C.
Willie P. Mangum to Sally A. Mangum'^
Monday.
Washington 5th. Jany. 1846
My dear daughter Sally.
I was distressed to learn from your Mother's letter, that
your health is not good. — I trust my dear, you will clothe your-
self sufficiently. — In the Winter, you & your sisters ought to
wear flannel next to the skin, coming high up to the neck, &
down to the hips — & you ought to wear thick cotton pantalettes,
pinning or buttoning to the flannel. — Let me entreat you my
dear daughter, to array yourself in the manner described. —
I am now quite well — though I was quite otherwise, during
the most of December.
I sat down to write you but a line, as I am in a committee
room, & must be in the Senate in 5 or 10 minutes. I send you
a guide to Oregon. — What say you, after reading it? Shall we
^Richard Call served as governor of Florida from 1835 to 1844. He was defeated for reeleaion
in 1845. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 937.
^The original is in the possession of Miss Preston Weeks, Washington, D. C
348 State Department of Archives and History
go?^ Will Mother be willing? Do press it upon her & request
her to write me a definitive answer. — The sal-Aratus would
make Letty perfectly happy. —
Does my boy go to school regularly? I hope he does, & is a
good boy, & learns his books. Give your dear Mother, my love,
& a kiss for me. & my love to Patty, Mary & my boy.
May God bless & protect you all, is the constant aspiration of
Yr affectionate Father
Willie P. Mangum
To Miss Sally A. Mangum—
P. S. Let me know if you are all for Oregon — if so — We must
be off early in March.
W. P. M.
WPM-LC
Samuel Martin^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Campbells Station Tensee 6th Jay,/46
Honorable Mangum
D Sir
Your State of N. Carolina is suffering a large drain on
her Population not less than 20,000 must have left it during
the last 5 months had the Canal been made as I have suggested
to you much of this would have been saved. Those passing here
say that in places corn is worth 1.25 p. Bushel had there been
a Canal running from Newbern, Fayetteville & on to the Miss-
issippi with one from the Mississippi through Tennessee &
Georgia to Intersect this you could have had plenty of corn
along the whole line for from 45 to 60 cents corn could be de-
livered in Liverpool for 75 p. Bushel & your People hav to
leave their homes or starve. This is a most miserable state of
things. Your other States gains by it but it is Unnatural to think
of such matters. Corn is here selling from 12V^ to 20 cents p.
**Like many North Carolinians in rhis period, Mangum considered leaving his native state for a
more prosperous region. He was importuned by his brother, Walter, to go to Mississippi and Texas.
Thomas Jefferson Green tried to get him to buy the land of Dr. Branch T. Archer in Texas. So far
as his papers show, he never went beyond the point of inquiry.
»See above, 297n.
The Mangum Papers 349
Bushel. I hope you will think of this matter & of the few
miles of Canal from Beaufort to Newbern if War comes as I
fear it will it will make those think of Canals that scarcely
dream of them at the Present Time.
Samuel Martin.
[Addressed : ]
Honble. Mangum
U. S. Senator
W. City.
WPM-D
W. Claihorne^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
[8 January, 1846]
Dear Judge
I have ben quite indisposed since I parted with you on tues-
day evening last — From the heavy freight of Pendleton Veni-
son & other good things I took on board on Saturday last at the
Columbian House, combined with additional freight with you
on tuesday last viz, oysters Pendleton vension, Pullets, plum
puddings &c., I found that night, that the ship would founder
unless I through over board a part of the Cargo, consequently
I took a horse dose of Epsum salts and the way the young Bucks
and Fawns (about the size of grasshoppers) were skipping
about the House all day yesterday was a caution — I feel much
better today but for fear of a relaps, I wish you would come
over ( if convenient ) & write my will — I send the Paper loaned
me - do send, or bring me another.
Yr. Truly
W. Claiborne.
Jany 8th 1846.
Thursday 5 P.M.
[Addressed:]
To
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Present.
loSee above, 202-203.
350 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
George W. Jones^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Orange Co, N. C.
Jany: 10 th. 1846
Dear Sir
I desire you to cause to be forwarded to me the National In-
telligencer as I do not think I can get along without it. I believe
that the terms of subscription is Two dollars in advance per
annum
If you will be so kind as to advance that amount for me I
will pay it to Mrs. Mangum, which I suppose will suit as well.
I have nothing of interest to communicate- 1 learnt this even-
ing by Moses Chambers^^ that Green Caldwell was nominated
as the Democratic candidate for Governor. ^^ He is just from
Raleigh He said that they desired him on his arrival in Raleigh,
to have his name enrolled as a delegate from Person which he
declined saying that Graham was democrat enough for him.
Bank transactions took him down there & not the nomination
of a democratic candidate. The nomination however you will
learn thro' the papers ere you receive this
I would be glad if you would send me a copy of your speeches
as it is not in any paper I take - I have merely seen an extract
in the Ral. Reg-
Yours Truly
Geo W. Jones
[Addressed : ] [Postmarked : ]
To Red Mountain N.C.
Honb^^ Jany. 13">
W. P. Mangum
Senator of U. S.
Washington City
D. C—
"George W. Jones, of Orange County, was secretary of the Whig county meeting in 1844 and
delegate to the state Whig convention in 1846. Hillsborough Recorder, June 6, 1844; January 8,
1846.
i^Moses Chambers represented Person County in the state Constitutional Convention in 1835
and the legislature in 1831-1841. N. C. Mammal, 758, 894.
i^Green W. Caldwell, of Mecklenburg County, 1806-1864, graduated from the University of
Pennsylvania in 1831 in medicine. He served as assistant surgeon in the United Stares Army for a
few months in 1832. He then studied law and practiced in Charlotte. In 1836-1841 he was in
the legislature and in 1841-1843 he was in Congress. He was Superintendent of the Charlotte Mint
when he was nominated, January 8, 1846, by the Democratic state convention for governor. This
nomination was due to the demand that a western Democrat be selected to carry that part of the
state which normally voted for the Whigs. The nomination was a surprise to many delegates and to
Caldwell himself. On January 20 he declined the nomination. Whereupon, James B. Shepard was
selected to replace him. W. A. Graham, the Whig candidate, won the eleaion by a larger majority
than in 1844. Caldwell also served in the Mexican War. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 116; Norton, De?no-
crutk Parly ra N. C. 150-152; Hillsborough Recorder, January 22, 18-^6.
The Mangum Papers 351
WPM-LC
J. R. Creecy to Willie P. MangumJ^
[10 January, 1846]
My Dear Sir
I will make no apology for thus troubling you feeling con-
fident that if you can aid me you will-
MY Son Dr. Will Clinton Creecy now in his 21st year holds a
commission as Midshipman in the Texas Navy, he was eighteen
months in active service with Commodore Moore, was in all the
Battles with the Mexican Steam Ships of War served with much
credit, I am fully authorized to say, has a strange fondness for
the Navy, and wishes to be restored, he was treated as was his
commodore by President Houston- I ask of you Sir, if he can be
restored; if he can now by the terms of annexation take his
place in our Navy as a midshipman, or whether he can in any
way without much delay be entitled or appointed as one,
I am unskilled, unitiated in the way of obtaining offices or
appointments never having applied in any way to any one, and
feeling as if I could not have any friends at Court, or rather
among Courtiers- Some provisions may have been made for
the officers of the Texan Navy in the articles of agreement (an-
nexation) I am ignorant on the subject entirely- Can you spare
time to ascertain for me, whether there is any chance or prospect
for my Son; If he can get an appointment at once we are willing
he should take it on any terms; he only wishes to be in the
Navy in active Service if possible without delay- I am now
living in this City, and will ever be happy to hear of your hap-
piness.
Very truly
yr um ob
J. R. Creecy.
New Orleans 10th January 1846.
[Addressed : ]
Honl. W. P. Mangum
United States Senate
Washington City.
i'*See below J. R. Creecy to W. P. Mangum, June 5. 1846, and W. P. Mangum to the Secretary
of the Navy, May 27, 1846,
352 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Thomas J. Green to the People of Texas.^-^
Washington City, Jan. 10th 1846.
A friend has just placed in my hand a "Galveston Civilian"
of the 13th ult., containing a letter from Gen. Sam Houston,
purporting to be a vindication of his conduct in reference to the
decimation of our countrymen in Mexico. Gen Houston in his
letter, failing to adduce any evidence of his innocence of this
enormous crime, has endeavoured to divert public attention
from his guilt, by the grossest, false and vindictive — I had al-
most said unparalleled slander of myself. In this I w^ould have
erred, for it has many parallels from Gen. Houston himself.
His publication of the gallant Commodore Moore to the world
as an outlaw^ and pirate, at the identical time that his cannon
were thundering against more than ten times his force, that of
our common enemy — his reiterated slanders against the brave
Generals Burleson, Sherman and Wharton, and almost every
other distinguished man in Texas — his oft repeated ridiculous
charges against ex-President Burnet, one of the purest men in
any country — his vile denunciation of Gen. Stephen F. Austin,
the father of his country — his perfidious slander of the spotless
wife of his own bosom — yea, in his general character as an uni-
versal calumniator, countless parallels might be adduced.
Though his charges against myself must meet that contempt
from every honest man which has followed the habitual false-
hoods of his whole life, yet the circumstances in which Gen.
Houston and myself are now placed before the people of Texas,
make it proper that I should appear before the public through
the same medium. And I will ask what other redress is left
me? It is well known that Gen. Houston holds himself perfectly
irresponsible. If personal chastisement be inflicted upon him,
as was done by the Hon. Branch T. Archer and Col. Jordon, he
either pleads sickness or old age. If falsehood is proved upon
him, as was done by Mr. Wingfield, and many others, he pleads
drunkenness. It is due to myself then, that I should in this case
prove his falsehood, and "out of his own mouth will I convict
him."
^This is a printed circular. Compare it to the circular letter of Green to the "Electors of the
Western Congressional Distria of the State of Texas," October 25, 1845.
The Mangum Papers 353
Fellow citizens, it has been three long years and over, since
the hard fought and sanguinary battle of Mier: a few days
more will make three years, since that gallant little band of
your countrymen was made to draw in a black-bean lottery,
and each tenth man shot. Such a cold blooded murder astonished
the whole civilized world, and put to the test the wisest poli-
ticians of the most civilized nations, to know what sufficient
cause could be assigned therefor. Could it be that they had
fought under the requirements of their own government, con-
sidering the disparity of forces and the circumstances of the
case, the hardest fought battle in the annals of war? Could it
be, that when captives, they had, while emaciated and worn
down by the fatigues of a long and wearisome march, risen up-
on double their number of armed guards, overpowered and
dispersed them uninjured, and then peaceably pursued their
way homewards? No! these actions met the praises, not only
of all civilized nations, but even the highest encomiums of semi-
barbarian Mexico. For what then could such a shocking murder
have been perpetrated? Alone, upon the most authoritative
evidence, that they were without the pale of those laws which
govern civilized nations in war. Did that evidence exist? If so,
who furnished it, and how came it to the knowledge of that
government?
In this letter, fellow citizens, I must necessarily confine my-
self to a brief statement of this matter and refer every man,
who wishes to know the whole history of it, to appendix No. 2,
page 450 and appendix No. 6, page 477 of my work upon Texas
and Mexico, in which, will be seen stated, all the evidence in
the case and such evidence, as no man, so far as I have heard,
of the thousands and tens of thousands in this country, who
have read it, pretended to doubt. That evidence is — that Sam.
Houston, the President of Texas, early in the year 1843 and
soon after the battle of Mier, wrote a letter to Capt. Elliot, Her
Britanic Majesty's Charge D'Affairs, residing in Galveston,
which he, Houston, requested him, Elliot, to forward to Mexico
and which he, Elliot, did as he was requested; in which Hous-
ton said, ''that though the Mier prisoners had entered Mexico,
contrary to law and authority, yet he, Houston, begged mercy
for them &c." It is in evidence, that upon the receipt of this
letter of Presd't Houston, that Santa Anna, the President of
354 State Department of Archives and History
Mexico ordered the decimation, showing, that the President of
Texas was the highest, and sufficient authority for this horrible
deed: because, that evidence had proclaimed them brigands
and robbers.
Fellow citizens, these facts came to the knowledge of my-
self and companions, through the American and English minis-
ters, while we were in the dungeons of Mexico, very soon after
this sad tragedy in March 1843, After my escape from the
castle of Perote and in October of the same year, I published
them in the "Galveston News" and notwithstanding President
Houston's then control of the Mails and Post Offices of Texas
and the limited circulation of that journal, he, Houston know-
ing the truth of these charges and feeling a murderer's guilt,
commenced his vindication by denying with uplifted eyes, that
he every wrote or caused to be written, the letter charged to
him. (See Lieut. S. H. Walker's statement, page 453.) This was
President Houston's first defence of himself; but upon my re-
ceipt and publication of Gen. Waddy Thompson's and the British
Minister's letters from Mexico, proving the falsity of his denial,
he fled to the Presbyterian Church in the town of Houston, in
November of the same year and made a speech, which was
published in all his newspapers of that day, and which he said,
"it was not my friend's, Capt. Elliotfs letter, that produced the
mischief," thereby implying, that Elliott had written the letter.
In said speech however, he goes on to charge all the conse-
quences of that murder, to a letter, which Gen. M. Hunt had
written to, and which was published in the "Houston Tele-
graph" of the 18th of Jan. previously. This is Gen Houston's sec-
ond defence, and thus, up to this hour, so far as I am informed,
Gen. Hunt and the Telegraph, stands charged by Gen. Houston,
with the horrid butchery. On the 12th of December, which
was about one month after his speech was published, in his
annual message to Congress, he again changes his ground and
said, that "it was a retaliation on account of those under Gen.
Somerville who rohhed Laredo," charging this murder, to those
who returned from that place with Col. Bennett. Thus you see,
for the third time, in the short space of a few months, when
pursued by the ghosts of these murdered heroes, he changes
his ground of defence. Now, fellow citizens, after a lapse of
nearly three years, when his control over the public intelligence
The Mangum Papers 355
of Texas, is about to give way to an honest administration of
the mails, - when my work upon Texas and Mexico, has gone
the length and breadth of this great nation, and carried con-
viction to the mind of every man, who has read it, that Sam.
Houston is the wilful and malicious murderer of his country-
men of Mier, and just on the eve of the Congressional elections
and in my absence from Texas, he comes out in the "Civilian"
of the 13th of last month and charges this crime upon myself,
as having been the "first to incite the men" to the plunder of
Laredo. Thus, for the fourth time. Gen Houston, has changed
his defence. But fellow citizens, falsehood and crime will al-
ways convict itself, because it rarely ever tells one steady tale.
Gen. Houston, after changing his defence, as you have seen
four different times, comes out in his latest publication and for
the first time admits that ''he wrote the letter to Capt. Elliott."
It cannot be forgotten, in Texas, how often, for the last three
years, both Gen. Houston and his partizans have denied this
fact, and it would have been better for him always to have
denied it; for then many of his blinded friends, would either
have believed or professed to believe, that he never had written
it. The cool effrontery of Gen. Houston's letter to the "Civilian"
can only be equalled by himself — See how he commences:
Mr. H. Stuart,
Dear Sir: — Believing that I should be delinquent in duty to
others as well as myself, if I were longer to remain silent,
touching the facts connected with the Mier prisoners, subse-
quent to their capitulation, I will now express myself." — Now
express himself! Thus after three years dodging about between
subterfuge and falsehood, he will now express himself. The
true reason for his expressing himself now, is the near ap-
proach to the Senatorial election and if, by the perpetration of
any possible falsehood upon myself, he can thereby prevent my
election, to the House of Representatives, he and his crimes,
may be saved from that fearless exposure in the U. S. Con-
gress, which I have never failed to visit upon him in the Texas
Congress. My friendship for Western Texas has been as long,
constant and as ardent, as has been Gen. Houston's hostility to
that bleeding country and while he has done everything, to de-
populate and destroy it, I have stood by it, both in Congress
and the field. — While Gen. Houston's policy has been to sur-
356 State Department of Archives and History
render to the Colorado, mine has been to defend to the Rio
Grande, and I am proud to say, that my position is sustained by
the President of the U. S. But let Gen. Houston, slander me
out of an election to the House of Representatives, and bargain
himself into the U. S. Senate. What may Western Texas not
expect, short of an attempt at a surrender to the Nueces?
Fellov^ citizens, the vindictiveness of Gen Houston's last de-
fence can only be equalled by its stupidity. If the plunder of
Laredo had been a sufficient cause for the decimation of your
countrymen, and I had been the "first to incite the men to that
plunder," w^hy did not Santa Anna have me shot? His personal
hostility to myself for the last ten years was well known, and
the slightest pretext would have been sufficient for him to have
practised his bloody vengeance upon my person. If Gen,
Houston's charge be correct, I ask, in the name of common
sense, why it was that innocent, unoffending men, were made
to pay the penalty of my crime? Why it was that Majors Cocke
and Dunham, Captains Cameron and Eastland, Este, Harris,
Jones and Mahan, Ogden, Roberts, Rowan and Shepard, Thomp-
son, Torry, Trumbull, Wing, and the "iron nerved" Whaling,
were made to pay the penalty of my wrong-dong? This charge,
like a badly counterfeited dollar, carries its own condemna-
tion upon its face, and I should not have deemed it worthy of
notice, but to show the recklessness of one who scruples at no
falsehood to serve his ambition and hatred.
Fellow citizens, what Gen. Houston asserts in his letter,
about promptly furnishing the Mier prisoners in Mexico, with
the supplies which Congress had voted them, is as untrue as
the balance of his letter, and I will take the journals of Con-
gress and his own letter to prove it. The facts are these: —
Early in December, 1845, and soon after the meeting of Con-
gress, the destitution of our countrymen in Mexico, was pressed
upon the attention of Congress by myself, the Hon. Wm. E.
Jones, S. H. Maverick, and others, who had tasted some of the
sweets of a Mexican prison. To the honor of that Congress, be it
known, no time was lost in voting $15,000 for their relief,
under the requirement that it should be forthwith furnished
them. It was then deemed best by the Congress, for the good
of our countrymen in prison, that this law should not be made
public at the time. About two months after, and at nearly the
The Mangum Papers 357
close of the session, the Secretary of the Treasury was called
upon by myself and others, to know what had been done in
carrying out this law. To our surprise and mortification, we
were informed, that not a dollar had been sent them, and no
measures taken to send them one. We saw then, full well,
that President Houston, would cloak his vindictive direliction
of duty under a law then not designed to be made public; and
just before the close of the Congress another law was passed
in open session, appropriating an additional $15,000. This law
was passed without the repeal of the former, and thus the Con-
gress, under full consideration for the eminent services of these
men, voted $30,000 to their relief. We come now to the ques-
tion, how much of this money was sent to these men, and when
it was sent to them. Gen. Houston tells you in his letter, that
on the 19th of October, 1844, one draft was drawn for $3,740. —
Mark the time — this is ten months and a half from the passage
of the law. But he says that he sent Mr. Potter as a special
agent, (Mr. Hargous refusing to act as such) with $2,500. Now
I ask the question of every Mier man, did they ever receive
one dollar of this appropriation while in prison. No! On the
16th of September, the survivors were turned loose at the gates
of Perote, like so many cattle, with the exception, that the
"magnanimous Mexican nation" gave each man one silver dol-
lar to bear his expenses to Texas. With that silver dollar they
started home, and at Jalapa, for the first time, they were fur-
nished, through Mr. Hargous, $2,000. These are the historical
facts of the case, proved by the acts of Congress, now upon
your statute book, the assertion of every Texian then in Perote,
and the confessions of Gen. Houston's own letter. Was there
any possible excuse for this cruel delay, even had Mr. Hargous
refused to act as our agent? Was Mr. Hargous the only man in
Mexico through whom money could be transmitted?, Or was
it [at] all necessary that we should have an agent? I say not!
and Gen. Houston knew full well, that in one week from the
passage of that act, he could have placed the money in some
responsible house or bank in New Orleans, and with a certificate
of deposite and authority sent to Gen. Fisher, or Quarter Master
Fenton, Mr. Gibson, or any other officer in the Castle of Perote,
to draw for the same, could have been cashed in one hour at
that place, at a premium of six per cent. Thus, with this small
358 State Department of Archives and History
paper, which could have been sent to them in twenty days
from the passage of the act, every $100 on deposit in New
Orleans would have been worth to them in their cheerless and
destitute prison, $106.
But fellow citizens, in these long ten months of witholding
the bread of your dying countrymen did President Houston
hear no complaints from them? Yes! not a sail that crossed the
Gulf which did not bring from the miserable cells of Perote
the lamentations of the sick and dying; and the bones of eighty
odd noble souls now scattered from the bottom of the great
ditch of Perote, to nearly every prison-yard in Mexico, is ev-
idence of "President Houston's friendship for the Mier men." —
Did President Houston hear no other complaints from the Mier
men? Yes, indeed, be it told to their eternal honor! though it
has been well said that starvation for the want of food is the
greatest subduer of the physical man, yet, when these noble
countrymen of ours heard that President Houston had his com-
missioners across the Rio Grande, signing their country away
as the "Department of Texas/' though they were at that time
living skeletons and daily depositing some of their comrades
in that horrible ditch, they nobly wrote home, which should be
written in letters of gold and engraven upon every patriot's
heart, "Let no consideration of us forfeit your country's honor:
let us rot in these dungeons ere you concede one inch to these
colored barbarians."
All this is only equalled by one thing in the conclusion of
Gen. Houston's letter, which I must think caps the climax of
every assertion and assumption of his whole life — to wit: that
"The day will come when it will be shown, that he obtained
the release of the Mier prisoners." This beats ''Coqueting"
about Annexation, so far, that I cannot well conceive, how his
most devoted followers can read it with becoming gravity. "The
day will come." Was there ever so propitious a day for Gen.
Houston to prove that thing as now, when the separate national-
ity of Texas is merged in this great confederacy and when he
is staking everything, for a seat in that dignified branch of the
Congress of this Union, which, should he succeed, it cannot fail
to experience the disgrace of that success.
Fellow citizens, so much for Gen. Houston and the Mier
men, and in conclusion, I must crave your further attention to
The Mangum Papers 359
that part of his letter personal to myself. — Gen. Houston says
that in the sacking of Laredo, I was "the first man, who broke
open a house and incited the men to outrage." I know not what
milder epithet to give to this charge, than to say it is maliciously,
infamously false. It is known by the whole army, that on the
day of the sacking of Laredo, I did not leave the camp, which
was three miles below the town and that when those that had
participated in the sacking, returned to the camp, I was among
the most active, in getting them to return the articles to Gen.
Somerville's quarters, to be re-delivered to the alcalde, and
the well known fact that every Mier man, with many others,
did so return them, relieves them from Gen. Houston's charge
of crime, if crime it was. That some who returned from Laredo
with Col. Bennett, did not return the articles taken from the town
is also well known. These men are known to be Gen. Houston's
warmest friends, and they must settle with him, this high
charge of robbery which he brings against them. I will how-
ever defend these friends of Gen Houston, against his whole-
sale denunciations.
On the 8th of December 1842, Gen. Somerville's forces ar-
rived at the Town of Laredo after seventeen days march from
their camp upon the Medina, having exhausted the whole of
more than three hundred beeves which they started with from
the San Antonio, Gen. Somerville, made a requisition for 8 or
10 beeves, which was barely rations for one day and then took
the backward track home. The men had been promised supplies,
upon the Rio Grande and now found that promise neglected.
They had by every law of war and nature, a right to be fed, and
if the Gen. did not do it, through his commissariat, they were
reduced to the alternative of doing so of their own accord,
though with becoming patience, they awaited a whole day, for
the General to comply with his promise, and did not attempt
to supply themselves until he had made a retrograde march of
three miles homewards. That these men took articles useless
and unbecoming soldiers was more the fault of their General, in
not telling them what was lawful to take, than in their not
knowing what was so lawful by the usages of war. Now I will
ask, did President Houston inform these men, what was pro-
per by the laws of war to take, when in his address to the people
of Texas in July 1842, he called upon them to "pursue the
360 State Department of Archives and History
enemy in to his own country and chastise him for his insolence
and wrongs." No! These are his identical instructions, published
in all the newspapers of the day. The Government (says Presi-
dent Houston) will promise nothing hut authority to march, and
such supplies of ammunition as may he needful for the cam-
paign. They must look to the valley of the Rio Grande for re-
muneration.— The Government will claim no portion of the
spoils; they will he divided among the victors. The flag of Texas
will accompany the expedition." Thus much for President
Houston's calumny of the sacking of the Laredo; and while the
Texian army has been in the invariable habit, during our rev-
olution of quartering upon our own citizens, while in the field,
he would have them starve while in an enemies country, though
called there by his own proclamation.
Fellow citizens, the manner in which Gen. Houston has
lugged Mr. Hargous into his letter, shows a vindictive hatred
of that gentleman, which he, Houston, has manifested in several
of his veto messages on those laws of your Congress, which pro-
vided to pay him the money he furnished our countrymen of
the Santa Fe Expedition while in Mexico. Wherefore, I ask,
has Gen. Houston thus formally brought Mr. Hargous before
his government? - There can be but one answer. — It is the same
manifestation of his murderous intent which caused him to
write to Santa Anna, that the ''Mier men had gone into Mexico
without authority of law," and while I trust that the fatal con-
sequences of his Mier letter may not befall this excellent gentle-
man, it is due, both to him and myself, to state the particulars
of a transaction for which President Houston, in January, 1844,
received the unanimous rebuke of the House of Representatives
of Texas.
The facts are these, fellow citizens: — In June, 1843, while in
the castle of Perote, I received, as was known to all my com-
panions, several letters from my brother, Col. C. P. Green, of
N. C, saying, that in July he would come to Mexico, to see how
he could best serve me. On the 2d of that month, not content
to wait the arrival of my brother, I escaped from prison, with
fifteen of my countrymen. After weeks of suffering in the moun-
tains, myself, Capt. C. K. Reese, and Interpreter, Dan Drake,
The Mangum Papers 361
Henrie, of Brazoria County, Rd. Barclay, and R. Cornegay, of
Fayette County, and John Forrester, of the town of Houston,
met in disguise in the City of Vera Cruz; Capt. Reese had been
provided with some means through his father's factor, in New
Orleans, and Mr. Hargous furnished me with $130, and I be-
came responsible for the balance of the passages of my com-
rades on board the steamer Petrita, to New Orleans, which, in
all, amounted to $280. I distinctly told Mr. Hargous that it was
more than probable I would meet my brother in New Orleans,
and in expectation of which, I would draw for the $280 upon
him; but at the same time, I would draw a duplicate draft
upon the Government of Texas, that for a like purpose Gen.
McLeod and Col. Cooke had drawn the year previously in his
favor, for the Santa Fe prisoners, for several thousand dollars;
that I was satisfied that Gen. Houston, would neither pay the
one or the other, for he never was known to pay his own debts
voluntarily, and rarely under any circumstances, but that the
Texas congress would. When we sailed on the Petrita, John
Forester preferred to work his passage as fireman, thereby re-
ducing my indebtedness to Mr. Hargous to $255. On my arrival
at New Orleans I had sufficient money to pay for the use of a
bed, and drink of grog each. The next day through the kind-
ness of my friends. Col. W. M. Beal and Chas. Duroche, I was
enable to furnish some of them still farther. In a few days
after we sailed for Texas, I becoming individually responsible
for passages of four to Capt. Furguson. Upon my arrival in
New Orleans, instead of meeting my brother as I expected, I
received the melancholy intelligence that he was upon his death
bed, and from which he never arose. This fact was known to
the Supercargo of Mr. Hargous, in Orleans, and at my request
he sent the duplicate draft to the Government of Texas, which
he accompanied with some stupid complaints of my brother
not meeting him in Orleans. At this time I was a member of
Congress, and had exposed Houston's murder of our decimated
Mier men. and all other of his mal-practices coming under my
knowledge, with that unreserve well known to you all. Upon
the receipt of this draft for $280, expended upon our suffering
countrymen, President Houston laid it before the House of
362 State Department of Archives and History
Representatives, in a special message, with reflections against
myself. Upon the presentation of v^hich, the House unanimously
refused to receive his message, and ordered the Clerk forthwith
to return it to him : thus rebuking him in a manner never know^n
before or since in the history of the Texian Congress. Did the
Congress stop here? No! the draft for the $280 was incorporated
in Mr. Hargou's Santa Fe outlay, without one dissenting vote,
and if that gentleman has not yet received his whole dues, it
has been on account of the constant hostility of President
Houston and Jones, which their veto messages will prove. —
For these facts I refer to the journals of Congress and the Hon.
Wm. E. Jones, who was chairman of the Committee, as well as
to every member of the House of Representatives, and challenge
their denial.
Thus, fellow citizens, just upon the eve of your congressional
election, while I have been here, at my own expense, in the
absence of any authorized agent of Texas, working for her in-
terest, and I trust not without effect, have I been arraigned be-
fore the public, in a hirling press, by the prince of calumniators,
and it is now for every dispassionate man to say, whether I have
proved him such by his own documents; and while a proper self
respect would cause me to pass in silence the contemptible
pensioned scribblers who may reiterate Gen. Houston's false-
hoods, yet his position before the people of Texas, and my re-
spect for them require of me a different treatment. My present
duty then is to administer the antidote from the same cup, (the
public press) out of which he has emptied his venom. Nor can I
allow myself to believe that there are but the fewest number
of editors, so dead to every principle of honor and justice, as to
be the means of propagating the vilest falsehoods against me,
without affording me the same means of proving them such.
Thomas J. Green.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
Washington,
City.
The Mangum Papers 363
WPM-LC
John M. Botts to Willie P. Mangum.
Jany 13th 1846
Dear Mangum —
Being no longer President of the Senate, (a situation in
which I wish you could have retained as long as it was agree-
able to you, ) you might find time if you ever think of me now, to
drop me an occasional line to let an old and sincere friend to
let him know what was going on in the hig world.
Are we to have War? Did you receive a paper from me &
did you read it? and what impression did it make on your mind?
Will the resolution of the committee of Foreign affairs reported
by Allen^^ pass the Senate or Not? I should be glad to hear from
you and an answer to these several enquiries- and particularly
tell me what has become of Morehead, & why he is not in Wash-
ington- I hope he is not sick-
Why don't the Whig party thunder against the War! are
they afraid of a nick name- are they afraid of taking the re-
sponsibilty of preserving the peace of the world, & being called
"British Whigs" Let them throw the responsibility of the war,
(which is cuning ruse) on the authors of it, & we shall see after
awhile, when the taxes are to be paid, & the battles to be fought,
without seeing, what it is we are fighting for, where the shoe
pinches-
I am afraid timidity, exercises more control over the policy
of the Whigs in Washington than true wisdom- as you dont be-
long to the timid family- suppose you shake it off from their
shoulders- & put them on the true track, & denounce it on every
occasion — as an ungodly unnecessary & unprovoked war. that
is provided you agree with me, as to the ''fixed facts."
^'^William Allen, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, on December 18,
1845, presented a joint resolution which advised the President " 'to give, forthwith,' the necessary
notice for terminating the convention of 1827 with Great Britain." In April after two months' debate
by the Senate, Allen moved that his resolution be laid on the table and that the Senate adopt the
resolution of the House which directed the President to notify England that the convention would be
abrogated. The Senate added that this notice would be given at the discretion of the President. Mc-
Cormac, James K. Polk, 586. 599.
364 State Department of Archives and History
Do let me hear from you.
I am your friend very truly,
Jno M Botts.
[Addressed : ]
Hon Willie P Mangum
U S Senate
Washington
WPM-LC
Henry M. Bickel to Willie P. Mangum.
Phila. Hall. Jan, 14th, 1846—
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Sir,
By order of the Philomathaen Society of Pennsylvania
College, I hereby inform you, that you have been elected an
honorary member of that Association.
The object of this society is, to cultivate and diffuse among
its members liberal principles, and to promote the great objects
of social, moral, and intellectual improvement.
An answer is respectfully requested. I take pleasure in
subscribing myself
Your obedient servant
Henry M. Bickel,
Cor. Sec.
Gettysburg- Pa.
[Addressed : J
Hon. Willie P. Mangum LL.D.
Washington
D. C.
The Mangum Papers 365
WPM-LC
William H. Haywood Jr., to Willie P. Mangum.
Friday Night 16 Jan 1846.
My Dear Sir
I am ready to start for home in the Boat to night but some
of my friends are seized with a panic about Slidells nomination^''
and I have pacified them by a promise to pair off with you upon
the question of confirming it viz: that if I am not here you will
not vote against his confirmation and that I would make that
arrangement with you before I left I am sure you do not feel
any deep solicitude upon the question and it will be a sad disap-
pointment to me not to go home in the situation of my family
and affairs there. Wherefore I take the liberty of asking if you
are willing to accomodate me by entering into this arrangement?
If it will put you under the slightest embarrassment I shall
not deem it at all unkind to refuse me. If otherwise as I hope
may be the case I feel sure you will oblige me. An answer if
you please
respy & truly yours
Will H Haywood Jr
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Ebenbeck's
From Will H. Haywood Jr E & 8th
WPM-LC
John HilP^ to Willie P. Mangum
Wilmington N C
19" Jany 1846
Hon^i^. Willie P. Mangum
My dear Sir.
My son W™ is desirous of spending a portion of his vaca-
tion at the Cambridge Law School, in visiting the city of Wash-
^^On December 22, 1845, Polk nominated John Slidell as envoy extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary to Mexico. The nomination was confirmed January 20, 1846. Mangum voted against
confirmation. Executive Journal of the Senate, VII, 9, 33, 34, 35, 36.
^^See above, II, 131a.
366 State Department of Archives and History
ington, seeing the great men of the Nation & listening to the
interesting debates which are in progress in Congress, and I
presume upon **auld lang syne" in introducing him to you, & in
asking for him such civilities as it may be convenient for you
to bestow^ upon him.
I hope the Friends of peace & of humanity, v^ill be able to
avert the calamities of war, which seem to be impending.
With a vivid recollection of by gone days, & with much con-
sideration & respect
I am very truly
Yours
John Hill
[Addressed : ]
Hon^^« W. P. Mangum
Washington City
Wm Hill
WPM-LC
J. C. Clark^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Chenango N. Y. Jany 19. 1846
My Dear Sir.
I see in a Philadelphia paper a notice of a rumour that Mr.
Secretary Bancroft is about to commence a new order of things
in regard to promotion of officers in the Navy. He is about to
adopt the ''jumping" system. When will locofocoism cease to
lay its unhallowed hands upon the old well tried & glorious in-
stitutions of the Country? Is it not enough that we have seen
the prosperity of the Country blighted - its industry crippled -
its currency destroyed - and its law - its order, and its constitu-
tion disturbed & broken down by its ruthless — levelling & de-
structive spirits — But we are now doomed to witness the de-
gradation of the gallant officers of our deathless Navy - and a
fatal blow given to its prosperity. No, I will not believe it - un-
^''John Chamberlain Clark, 1793-1852, was a Democratic member of Congress in 1827-1839-
In 1837 he changed to the Whig party because of Van Buren's proposal of the Independent Treasury.
He was reelected as a Whig and served from 1839 to 1843. In the latter part of his life he engaged
in the lumber business. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 816.
The Mangum Papers 367
till the deed is actually consummated — Should the Secretary
be so forgetful of his duty to the Navy and its brave officers, as
to open the door to trickery & favoritism in their promotions,
I trust the Senate will slam it back in his face.
Is it not enough to satisfy the aggressive restless & innovating
spirit of the Secretary, that an officer standing fair on the Naval
Register having at all times done his duty faithfully & devotedly,
without a blot on either his Naval or professional reputation,
should await the tardy movements of time & death to make a
place for him in the usual & regular lists of promotions — But
he would go counter to the instinct of Locofocoism and level
up some favorites - some nephews - cousins - or cousins-cousins -
to a grade [to] which they hold no just title - and at the expense
of the lacerated feelings & wounded honor of men higher, as
well on the list of merit & gallant service, as on that of the
Navy — But even in this operation the instinct referred to,
would be followed - for in levelling up one favorite - all above
him on the register would be levelled down.
I cannot conceive a blow could be aimed at the Navy, more
fatal to its interest or more unjust to the fearless men - who
have shed so much lustre upon the Country — When it shall hap-
pen, that some demagogue commander, who instead of devoting
his time & talents to the discharge of his proper professional
duties shall prostitute them, by electioneering & catering for
votes, to continue in power a corrupt executive, shall be elevated
to office over the heads of his Seniors & probably betters - we
may then bid "farewell & long farewell" to the order - the learn-
ing the efficiency - and the glory of the Navy
The country has furnished some examples of officers on
shore "waiting orders" traversing it as partizon electioneers, &
heralding from the stump the virtue & glories of their favorite
candidate for the Presidency — Should the Secretary be per-
mitted to carry out his plan as shadowed forth in the paper
alluded to, these examples would be multiplied to a most dis-
quieting extent. Among the officers of the Navy, instead of a
generous rivalry, of who should best serve the country and ad-
vance the best interests of the Navy, the strife would be, who
could do the most to advance his favorite political aspirant to
power.- The aliment of this strife would be the hope and expect-
368 State Department of Archives and History
ation of reward, in the shape of a post captaincy, at the ex-
pense of quiet, modest men of ten times their worth.
But I need not in talking with my old friend enlarge upon
the disastrious consequences which would inevitably flow from
the adoption of the suggested policy.
For many years I have known your friendship to the Navy &
I have no fears that you will sit silently by, & see it desecrated.
It has given me much satisfaction to witness your course &
that of most of our Whig friends in Congress in regard to the
Oregon matter. — Every Whig in this region of the Country
opposes it- The Whigs — honest confiding souls, have put their
feet into not a few Locofoco traps, first & last, - But they have
had sagacity enough to keep out of this Oregon pit-fall. The
Locos have inflated their lungs to shout to the top of their
bent, ''Hartford Convention" - "British Whigs" - "Peace Party"
& "all that sort of thing" - They may now puff it out & breath
free again - as we stand "recti in curia" ready to fight like D - s
if Polk will take the responsibilty of giving us guns & ammuni-
tion.
Will you have the kindess to present to Mr. Crittenden &
Morehead my sincere regards and accept for yourself the as-
surance of my friendship.
J. C. Clark.
WPM-LC
Thurlow Weed to Willie P. Mangum
Albany, Jan, 19, 1846.
Dear Sir,
Excuse, I pray you, my importunities. Were our mutual
friend Morehead at Washington, you would escape these inflic-
tions, as I have his permission to tax his time.
I send you, in the Eve. Jour. Resoultions submitted to-day.
They express the sense of our friends in this State upon the
Oregon question.^^ We could not stand here upon weaker ground.
2"In 1845-1846 Thurlow Weed and the New York Whigs were uncertain about the course to
take about Oregon. At times they blamed the Democrats for provoking a crisis and at other times
they defended the American claim to Oregon. Weed wanted the Whigs to avoid a pacifist attitude or
they might fall into another Hartford Convention trap. Van Deusen, Life of Weed, 146-147. See
also the resolutions in the New York legislature in Jabez D. Hammond, Political History of the State
of New York, Syracuse, 1848, III, 588. 590.
The Mangum Papers 369
If we should attempt it the People would run away ahead of us.
And we take this ground because we believe that a Northern
Peace Party would tempt both our own and the English Gov-
ernment to plunge us into War. We think, too, that we stand
best upon the record, and that therefore the ground taken is
both right and expedient.
Without its Proviso, we should have hailed Mr Crittenden's
Resolution-^ with the enthusiasm which Mr. Hillards speech
excited. We know Mr. Crittenden would delight to follow him.
We are all grateful for the patriotic direction you gave to
the first War demonstration made in the Senate, and we look
with confidence to your wisdom and firmness in taking the
Country and the Whig Party safely through this ordeal. Should
Congress adjourn without advising the President to give the
notice, in his own time and way, the Administration will go to
the People with an issue that will overwhelm us.
With great respect,
I am truly yours,
T. Weed.
WPM-LC
C. P. Kingshury^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Camp near Corpus Christi, Texas,
January 22nd 1846.
Dear Sir:
The splendor of a Washington ''assembly room," where we
last parted, is removed almost as far from the frail and simple
structure in which I am now writing, as is the Capitol of the
Republic from the Army of Occupation. You will perhaps be
surprised to receive a letter from me in this part of North
America, where I have been exiled since last August. The cam-
paign however, as you are aware, has thus far been pregnant
with events of but little importance, and we can boast of noth-
ing more glorious in the line of duty than the daily drill and
^Klrittenden's resolution amounted to an instruction to the President to resume negotiations over
the Oregon questions to see if an amicable settlement could be arranged. Wiltse, Calhoun: Sectionalist,
257.
22See above. II, 2n.
370 State Department of Archives and History
parade, which are poor equivalents for the "revels" that were
anticipated in the "halls of the Montezumas." Yet one practical
result even now, has been obtained- a knowledge of the soil, cli-
mate and resources of what has hitherto been a terra incognita -
which may some day serve to dispel the illusions which have
gone abroad, in relation to its qualities as an agricultural and
commercial country. I will not now however, trouble you with
the perusal of views and speculations which would occupy time
known to be valuable, but come at once to the purpose of this
letter.
In this obscure corner of the world, though almost forming a
fraction of the United States, we hear but little, and that at a
late day, of what transpires in Congress. But among the items
of intelligence, that have traversed even Texas, is the rumor
of the probable passage of a law creating two or three additional
regiments of Dragoons. What basis may exist for this report,
or whether among those who have circulated it, the wish is only
father to the thought, I am of course unable to determine, but
if there be truth in it, you will be able to advise me upon the
points to which I desire to call your attention.
It is now nearly six years that I have been serving in the
Army, and I am still a second Lieutenant. The regiments that
are to be formed, will doubtless be officered from civil life,
and by selections from the army. If in your opinion these regi-
ments will be permanent, I have thought of applying for a
Captaincy in one of them. The success of this application,
which I would wish to keep private, would depend upon your
willingness to give me your aid and influence. There will doubt-
less be swarms of politicians for the offices, and others who may
have stronger claims than any which I could urge; and if you
think there would be but little probability of success, I will at
once abandon the idea. It might be deemed presumption in one
of my present grade to apply for the commission, but I believe
there have been cases on which such transfers have been ef-
fected.
There is nothing of interest that I can communicate in refer-
ence to the movements of the army. A few days since it was
believed that a march to the Rio Grande was in contemplation,
but the rumor has subsided, and if any such measure be antici-
pated or on foot, the knowlege of it seems to be confined to the
The Mangum Papers 371
Commanding General. By the traders from Matamoros, through
whom intelligence is frequently received, we have no later in-
formation touching the last projected revolution in Mexico,^^
than has been conveyed through the public prints. Gen. Arista^*
appears to be inactive in the Department of Tamaulipas, watch-
ing the current of events, and probably indifferent as to the re-
sult.
Every item of information that we receive here concerning
the action of Congress upon our Foreign relations, is of absorb-
ing interest. The debate on the resolutions of Mr. Cass,^^ created
no little excitement in our belligerent community, and you will
pardon me for adding that your speech was hailed with peculiar
pleasure, gave most satisfaction, and received most approbation.
Its views and sentiments, all agree in pronouncing as worthy
of the occasion and of an American Senator. As an adopted
son of North Carolina I could not but feel a lofty pride in the
applause bestowed upon her Representative — and that Rep-
resentative an early and valued friend.
If your leisure will permit, may I request you to give me
your views upon the personal matter contained in this letter,
the probabilities of a war with England, and the seeming dura-
tion of our banishment to Texas? The recent demonstrations of
Gen. Paredes, to effect the overthrow of the administration,
have put to flight our previous calculations as to the dispersion
of the troops on this frontier, as the negotations may be retarded
to an indefinite period.
Very respectfully and truly yours,
C. P. Kingsbury.
Hon. W. P. Mangum,
U. S. Senate,
Washington,
D. C.
23Slidell's negotiations with Mexico were handicapped by the threatened revolt in Mexico. Presi-
dent J. J. de Herrera was inclined to receive Slideil as an envoy from the United States but delayed
out of fear that General Mariano Paredes, his rival, would seize the government if Slideil were re-
ceived. On December 31 Herrera was overthrown by a combination of the army, church, and mon-
archists and on January 2, Paredes was selected president ad interim. McCormac, ]ames K. Polk, 395;
Justin H. Smith, The War With Mexico, I, 95. 98-99.
^^General Mariano Arista was in command of the Mexican forces in the state of Tamaulipas. In
early April he took command at Matamoras and soon provoked the attack that led to the Mexican
War with the United States. Smith, War with Mexico, I, 149.
a^See above, 338n.
372 State Department of Archives and History
Jan. 23rd. A letter from Matamoras just received, states that
Tampico is the only place that has declared for Gen. Paredes,
and that his efforts are likely to prove abortive.
Abraham W. Venahle^'^ to Willie P. Mangura
Brow^nsville 22 January 1846
Dear Sir
I write amongst other things to request you to send me Fre-
monts report v^ith the maps of his expedition as I observe many
copies were printed for the use of the Senate. As my immediate
representative sends me few or no documents if it will not be
too troublesome please send me such as are most valuable &
interesting. Our man J. R J Daniel has been exceedingly remiss
on this subject- I approve most cordially of Mr. Calhouns views
of the Oregen Question^^ as I take this occasion to express my
gratification at the speech delivered by yourself on the motion
of Mr Cass. I dislike a bullying attitude both in public and
private life and am peculiarly opposed to a transfer of the treaty-
making power from the President to the hustings & popular as-
semblies- I trust the honor of the country will not demand a
war, but if it should I feel confident that the Whig & Democratic
party will be merged in the American party presenting an un-
broken front to the enemy. Accept sir assurances of my most
sincere regard
Yrs truly
Abr W. Venable
Direct to Abrams Plains Granville N. C
[Addressed : ]
Honble. Willie P. Mangum
Washington City.
2«See above, II, 86n.
27In December Calhoun rerurned to the Senate determined to fight for a peaceful settlement of
the Oregon question. As Secretary of State under Tyler, he had been conciliatory towards England.
Now in December and January he began gaining Southern support for negotiating a peace. With the
help of Benton, Webster, and other conservatives, he created sentiment for compromise. Wiltse,
Calhoun: Sectionalist, 251-254, 257-262.
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The Mangum Papers 373
WPM-LC
J. iS. Skinner^^ to Willie P. Mangum
[24 Januray, 1846]
My dear Sir
I shall leave here for the South on tuesday afternoon, pro-
posing to touch at Hicksford Gaston Raleigh & Fayetteville in
your State. Having it in view to make such personal observa-
tion as may assist me in promoting the more efficiently the agri-
cultural interest of the Country, through the medium of the
Farmers Library, which you have been pleased to favour with
your patronage will you do me the kindness to give me a few
brief notes of introduction to gentlemen known to you as zealous
friends of that branch of industry —
It is only the public nature and value of the interest refer'd
to that would justify me in troubling you so far — In any case
be assured of the cordial respect & esteem of yours truly
J. S. Skinner
24 Jany 46
Washington.
To the Hon
W. P. Mangum
Senate of the U. S.
WPM-LC
Edward Stanly to Willie P. Mangum
Washington [N. C.,] Jany: 27th. 1846
My Dear Sir,
I beg your permission to trouble you to call the attention of
the Secy: of the Navy or the 4th. Auditor A. O. Dayton, to the
settlement of the accounts of Robt: S. Moore, late a purser in
the Navy, who died, little more than twelve months since. He
was the son of Robt: G. Moore, the former efficient & able edi-
tor of the New Bern Spectator, since dead, & his wife & daughter
have requested me to aid them, in having the accounts settled.-
2^See above, 317q.
374 State Department of Archives and History
I know the nature of your engagements too well, to request
that you should hasten your attention to the settlement of the
account, but if you will write a note to the 4th Auditor, & say
you feel some desire that the account of R. S. Moore, the late
Purser should be settled, it will have the effect of hastening
the action of the Department, on the subject. When you receive
an answer, let me hear from you, that I may inform Miss V. S.
Moore, the sister. Miss M. writes me that Lt. H. H. Lewis,
a resident of Washington City, & Mr De Bree, a purser, who
resides in Norfolk are acquainted with all the facts — it might
be of service to ask the auditor to call on them for information.
After you shall have written to the Auditor, give me a line-
possibly it may be necessary to present a claim to Congress
should the Auditor refuse to allow all the claim — early action
is therefore desirable. An expression of a desire on your part
that the matter should not be neglected, is all that I wish to
trouble you with. —
The Register has furnished you the account of our conven-
tion doings at Raleigh. The Locos will make a desperate effort
for the Legislature, and I hope you will soon begin to stir up
your friends in the counties of Surry, Stokes, Orange & Gran-
ville. If we work we can carry the State, if we do not, we
shall lose it. —
I hope you received a copy of the correspondence, with H.
T. Clark which I sent you: —
The Locos in North Carolina, are not so hot for Oregon,
since the abolitionists have shown such anxiety on the sub-
ject.—^9
Very truly yours
Edw. Stanly
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington City
D. C.
280n January 5, 1846. a House committee recommended a resolution directing the President to
give notice at once to end the joint control of Oregon. Giddings and other anti-slavery leaders pro-
ceeded to champion the whole of Oregon as a check on the expansion of slavery. Giddings said he
had opposed expansion until slavery was expanded by the annexation of Texas and that he now sup-
ported the acquisition of all of Oregon to counteract the Southern expansion. This and other aboli-
tionist speeches alarmed the Southerners. McCormac, James K. Polk, 587-588; Wiltse, Calhoun: Sec-
tionalist, 257.
The Mangum Papers 375
WPM-LC
J. R. Lamhdin'^ to Willie P. Mangum
Philad" Jany 27*^ 1846.
Hon W. P. Mangum
Dear Sir
I presume upon your former kindness, in addressing a
few lines to you on a subject in which I feel some solicitude,
and which is likely to be brought before your honorable body
shortly in what manner I am not able at present to say. The
law of 1844-5 authorizing the painting of four pictures for the
Rotunda^^ of the Capitol has been fulfilled so far as regards the
commission given to Messrs Chapman & Weir- the third picture
to be executed by Vanderlyn is, I understand, ready to be ship-
ped from Paris, where it has been painted in contravention to
the spirit of the law which required the pictures to be executed
by native American artists- and as I have reason to believe was
the intention of the f ramers of the bill- to be executed on the soil-
the only way in which art can be benefitted to country.- The
fourth commission was given to Mr Inman of New York- and
has never progress even to the completion of a design.- his
death which occurred on the 20th inst leaves the commission
to be executed by some other hand. — I have given much at-
tention to the subject of our western History- the character-
manners, habits & scenery- and for some time past have medi-
tated the painting of a large picture commemorating an import-
ant event in the settlement of the great west, but have been
deterred from the fear of being unable for want of pecuniary
ability, to carry it through. The death of Mr Inman has led
me to look to Washington- and to my friends there to aid me
in procuring a commission to fill the vacant pannel of the
Rotunda. — ^^ Should you think proper to present my claims in
any way- you may be interrogated with the questions what
^See above, 59n.
^^Henry Inman, Robert Weir, John Vanderlyn, and John G. Chapman were commissioned to
make these paintings. Henry Inman, 1801-January 17, 1846, before his death, had begun a design of
the cottage of Daniel Boone. Robert Walker Weir, 1803-1889, painted the "Embarkation of the
Pilgrims.''^ John Vanderlyn, 1775-1852, went to Paris and employed a French artist to help him
with his "Landing of Columbus." John G. Chapman, 1808-1889, completed his "Baptism or Poca-
hontas" in 1847.
^After Inman's death, William H. Powell, of Ohio, was authorized to paint the western scene.
He began in 1848 and completed his "Discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto" in 1853. AH of
these paintings of Colonial America are in the Rotunda along with the four on the Revolution by
John Trumbull. Federal Writers' Projea, Washington City and Capital, Washington, 1937, 225;
D. A. B., IV, 18; IX, 481-482; XV, 153-154; XIX, 180-181, 612-613.
376 State Department of Archives and History
historical works has he executed? this may be answered by the
asking of another- What works had Chapman Weir Vanderlyn
or Inman executed before they were entrusted with the govern-
ment orders? — I feel that within me which says, I can do it,
and in a way that shall bring no discredit on American art.
Pardon me my dear Sir for this egotism- when I know the
efforts that will be made by these who have no claims- and
whose perserverance may yet accomplish what they desire —
it makes me indeed anxious for an opportunity of bringing out
that, which has been implanted by nature and cultivated with
much application. —
If it be possible to get away from my professional engage-
ments at home in two or three weeks I may have an opportunity
in giving you my views in propria persona.
truly your friend and admirer
J R Lambdin
[Addressed : ]
Hon W P Mangum
of N. C.
U S Senate
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
Priestley H. Mangum to Willie P. Mangum
HiLLSBORo' Jan: 30th 1846.-
Dear Sir,
[torn] Lipscombe is desirous of having [torn] with Roberts
tried the ensuing spring- and it will be necessary [to] take
your deposition on the subject of the state of mind of the
Grantor & bargainor, John Tilly sen'', dec"^. —
I drop you this note, to ascertain from you, some suitable
place for taking your deposition in Washington City, so that
we may be able to give the opposite party the necessary notice.
Will you write forthwith?-
The Mangum Papers 377
I was at your House some days ago, when all were well, ex-
cept Sally- who was but little indisposed.- The effect on her
mind, I thought, consequent on the sudden death of Alfred.^^
I learn that she is much better since I came up. —
I have not yet removed to Wake- I expect to be off early in
the Spring, if practicable. —
You take it for granted that I am always [torn] - and there-
fore, it seems, tha[t] what I say is always disregarded by you.
But you may rely upon it, that if you at all desire to perpetuate
your reputation; to attain that object you must use the ordinary
& necessary means. - I perceive that the speeches of every man
in Congress, & particularly those most distinguished in the
Nation, suffer nothing to go from them abroad, thro' the pa-
pers, that is not prepared by their pen. It is obvious to every
reader of observation.- Hence their reputation abroad is often
more imposing, as it is more desireable, than at Washington
with the audience who hear the speeches delivered. This latter
reputation, tho' to be desired, is frail & unsubstantial- unless
sustained by able speeches reported.- You don't do yourself
justice in your late speech as reported. ^^ It is not at all calculated
to sustain your reputation- it [torn] random shot than a well
[regu]lated fire- & there are about as m[any] different versions
of it as there were reporters- & all because you will not write
out your speeches as others do. — Every public speaker knows,
that a good speech as delivered by the speaker is often a very
ordinary one if reported verbatim et literatum- & the same can
be made a good one by writing it out, without violating any of
the rules of propriety. —
(I saw the Whig version only) -
I hope you are sending into the state more documents than
formerly- You are aware that that has been a prolific source of
complaints- Men, who are public servants are expected to no-
tice their constituents; & if they do not, they may expect dis-
satisfaction- This is a progressive Whiggism, as well as a pro-
gressive democracy — a young Whiggism as well as a young
^^ne of Mangum's slaves. See above A. W. Gay to W. P. Mangum, December 4, 1845.
^Mangum's speech was published in the Congressional Globe, 29 Cong., 1 sess., 47-49.
378 State Department of Archives and History
democracy: & one is worth about as much, in these regions, as
the other.
Yrs truly.
P. H. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
To
The Hon:
Willie P. Mangum
(Senate of U. S. C.)
Washington City
D. C.
Willie P. Mangum to William A. Graham^^
Washington City 31^^ Jan: 1846
My dear Sir.
Permit me to introduce to you Mr. Skinner,^^ the editor of
The Farmer's Library published in New York. - I believe you
will remember him, having as I suppose, known him in this
City. - His reputation is so well known to you, that I need say
nothing, beyond a request that you will afford him the means
of seeing M*". Cameron, M^ Boylan, Maj"". Hinton & such other
Gentlemen as are most likely to feel interest in the success of
his enterprize.-
Mr. Skinner goes South to make observations &C &C. on the
modes of Southern agriculture. - With great respect & regard
I am, as ever,
Yr«. Mo. truly
Willie P. Mangum
To
Gov. Graham
Raleigh.
^The original letter is in the W. A. Graham Papers, University of North Carolina.
*See above, J. S. Skinner to W. P. Mangum, January 26, 1846.
The Mangum Papers 379
WPM-LC
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum.
[January 1846]
My dear Sir.
King of Geo.^^ told me to-day he had undoubted information
that Pakenham submitted proposition to arbitrate the Oregon
matter and that it was peremptorily refused-^^ As the best in-
formation nowadays is doubtful from the nature of things,
would you tell me, if it has come to you in a reliable form? It
is too important, to authenticate, without being nearly sure.
Do you get anything of Slidell further than what is before
the world? or have you any item to increase my little stock of
intelligence for the "dear people."
Yours faithfully
James E Harvey
Judge Mangum.
WPM-LC
R. W. Brown^^ to W. P. Mangum
Wilmington, N**. Ca
2*'. Feby. 1846—
Honb^^ W. P. Mangum,
Senate U. S. from N. C.
Dear Sir,
My purpose is not to intrude- but, to solicit your kind
aid in behalf of our requirement here of a Marine Hospital.-
Since 1835 we have been scuffleing- suffering in various ways
for the want of the fixture to accomodate & relieve our poor
^^Thomas Butler King.
^K)n December 27, 1845, the British minister, Richard Pakenham, proposed to Secretary of State
James Buchanan that the whole Oregon question be referred to the arbitration of some friendly na-
tion. Anticipating such an offer, Polk had already decided to reject it. When Buchanan gave an un-
friendly reply. Pakenham expressed the desire to settle the matter on almost any terms. McCormac,
James K. Polk, 582-583.
3^A close friend of Thomas Ruffin, he sent his son by RuflSn's home for counseling before he
entered the University in 1830. When Clay came to Wilmington in 1844, Robert W. Brown was
on the reception committee and one of the managers of the ball given in Qay's honor. He was very
much interested in the development of internal improvements for Wilmington. In 1843 he wrote a
long statement describing the trade of the city. Hamilton (ed.). Papers of Ruffin, II, 3; Sprunt,
Chronicles of the Cape Pear River, 214, 218, 506-511.
380 State Department of Archives and History
fellows who come here in their arduous duties as seamen and
having paid Hospital money all their lives- happen to be sick &
find no place to lay their head- & to bear every expense! The
cases of small pox when they occur are particularly hard- cer-
tain death in almost every case is the consequence- Sixty years
ago my native place & 40 yrs. in active business I have witnessed
large importations made here & in all cases the crews of Vessels
have been req^. to pay on the Hospital tax.- Our port, the chief
in No. Caro'. has long deserved this arrangement, from the
Governm*.- it has now much increased & is daily expanding-
our commerce is large & particularly the coasting- we had con-
tributed & bo*, a place 2^/^ miles below town- which for several
years we have endeavored to make answer a temporary pur-
pose- but, we can't stand it any longer- having laid out over
$2500. We are willing to surrender all if the U. S. will fix it &
keep it up. Our contributors could not object of course to get
their outlay in money back again- but prefer to yield all if we
can but see the needfull establishment- Later occurrences of last
Summer & this winter since Xmas in cases of small pox- delay
of vessels & death have produced another effort.
Why should it be, my Dear Sir, that when a poor fellow has
paid his Hospital tax for 40. 50 years & happens here his first
time & sick to find no place to lay his head! They all complain-
say it is not so any where else & tis indeed hard to see them
banished & to die! Our Petition is preparing to go on- annexed
to it is copy of the act of Incorporation of ''Wilmington Marine
Hospital association" which will show how the property stands
& that the right exists in us to transfer- We are not asking for
public money or a share of the spoils, you know, but, purely a
necessary- important item & return occasionally of monies paid
in long ago- a little money will produce the means of relief &
comfort to the hardy few who are largely deserving & entitled!
Honble. Mr. Haywood understands our situation & he will be
fully advised- as also Honble. Mr. Dobbin with other Gent". -
for myself I take leave to add this hasty letter to you as a means
of preparing you for the battle & I fear not the result-
Here we are within 3 Days of New York- Balt^. Philad*.
New Oris. West Indies & without any preparation & quite a dif-
ferent condition from those other distant Western Waters- The
Shipping of New York, lately suff<*. here- Massachusetts & Maine
The Mangum Papers 381
all interested largely- perhaps their representatives would aid
you in our cause when y [torn] all others- our frds. get together-
explain [torn] & understand the importance of our case —
Our Collector has taken interest with us & since his time
of being here is fully aware of our wants. I gave him a plan of
our place in question which he sent to Washington- IVEr. Dobbin
will have a full detail & can explain- IVEr. Haywood has an idea
of our deplorable fix from frequent conversations here at Gov''.
Dudleys-
IVEo: respectfully,
Yr. Ob. Sert.
R. W. Brown,
Our Board of Navigation are getting up a petition separately we
sign it too- as a Hospital is desired hy all! & willing to have it
somewhere- Some few don't like the distance of our place from
town- not over 3 & think not more than 2^/^ miles. Suitable in
all other points I don't see why the mere convenience of a Doc-
tor shou'd be largely consulted. Sever'l Gent", here who would
take the place at reasonable annual pay- & then be idle greater
part of his time —
[Addressed : ]
Honble. W. P. Mangum,
Senator U. S. from No Ca-
Mail. Washington City.
WPIVE-LC
James Manney^'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Beauford N*'. C^
Feby. 2nd, 1846
Dear Sir,
I have just read your amendments to the Resolutions of the
Honbl. Senator from Kentucky on the Oregon Territory.^^ They
*°Member of the House of Commons from Cartaret County in 1834, N. C. Manual, 539.
^^Crittenden's resolution authorized the President to notify Great Britain that the Oregon con-
vention of 1827 was abrogated. Mangum proposed an amendment to the effect that the notice of
termination of the agreement be accompanied with a proposal to submit the claims of the two coun-
tries to arbitration. He added a second part which authorized the Senate Committee on Territories to
report a bill organizing a territorial government for Oregon upon the expiration of joint occupation.
Cong. Globe, 29 Cong., 1 sess., 239-
382 State Department of Archives and History
meet my entire approval- I w^ould not alter a v^^ord v^ere it in
my pov^er. If ever there was a time when it was right & proper
for a Senator's constituents to communicate their opinions free-
ly to him- this is, in my opinion, the most important. I have
conversed freely and unreservedly with intelligent men of both
political parties. We all, with very few exceptions, prefer an
honorable peace, to an unnecessary & disgraceful war. Nothing
could be more disgraceful, now and in all future time, than
for two great civilized and protestant Christian nations to rush
blindly and inconsiderately into a War, ruinous to both Nations,
and distressing to the whole civilized world, for a Territory not
worth five cents pr. acre. Arbitration is the proper and only
mode in which the dispute can be settled — and I am surprised
that the President should have entirely omitted to mention the
proposal of Great Brittain to settle the dispute in this just and
friendly manner.
I have read the correspondence of our diplomatists, with Mr.
Packenham, with great attention- but I cannot arrive at the
conclusion that our title to the whole of Oregon "is clear and
unquestionable." It appears to me that England has a title to
the Northern part of the Oregon Territory. I should think from
the nature of the climate & productions that the northern half
of Oregon would not be settled by a white population in two
hundred years from this.
Our country now is nearly out of debt, and prosperous in
every department of business. Ever since the Tariff of 1842
went into operation, Agriculture, Manufactures, commerce, &
the Mechanic Arts have flourished. The revenue has increased
under this Tariff, because the people have prospered in every
department of business, and been enabled to purchase & pay
for a vast amount of Foreign Luxuries- and Manufactures of
Foreign Nations, paying duties or taxes into the National Treas-
ury. The Polititions who put their shoulders to the pillars of
this fair fabric, to overthrow it- are more hold than wise. They
will be buried in the ruins- and the Elections of 1848 will satis-
fy them, that I am a true prophet.
When I was a young man I was opposed to a Tariff for Rev-
enue with incidental protection to Manufactures. After studying
attentively the arguments of our greatest Statesmen on both
sides, I became a convert to the doctrine of the great Statesman
The Mangum Papers 383
of the West.-^^ whose fame will be brighter and more enduring
than that of any of the great conquererors and desolators of the
World in ancient, or modern times.
I have read with great satisfaction your remarks in the
Senate, on the reference of the resolutions to give Notice, &C-
Your sentiments are entirely worthy of a Senator of this great
Republic.
My grandson's now playing about me, will probably live to
see & form a part of a population of one hundred millions- what
a brilliant prospect!
Patres conscript! take care of the Republic, let not reckless,
and unhallowed ambition shroud it with ''clouds and darkness."
I am
very respectfully
Yr friend & obt. Servt,
J. Manney
Honbl W. P. Mangum
Senate of the
United States.
[Addressed:]
Hon^^. W. P. Mangum
Senate of the
UNITED STATES.
WPM-LC
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum
New York 5th. Feby. 1846.
My dear Sir
private
On my arrival here, I was surprised to learn, that there
was just getting up, a very serious and powerful opposition, to
the confirmation of Mr. Laurence, ^^ the present collector of this
*2By 1844 many Southern Whigs accepted the tariff as a good thing. Cole, Whig Party in the
South, 101-102.
*3Abram R. Laurence was chairman of the Whig General Committee of New York City. See
below Abram R. Laurence to W. P. Mangum, August 4, 1846.
384 State Department of Archives and History
port, and all, or almost all, from the friends of Mr. Calhoun &
others, of the democratic party. And to the end, that they
may gain time, to arrange & carry into successful effect, their
determinations, they respectfully solicit, the Senators of your
side of the chamber, to postpone action, on this nomination, till
you further hear from us again. I have w^ritten to Mr. Clayton,
on this subject & to Mr. Lew^is.
I am my dear Sir
with the highest respect
& good will, very long enter-
tained for you.
J. B. Mower
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
WPM-LC
Gouverneur Kemhle^^ to Charles Fisher.
Cold Spring [N. Y.] 6th feby 1846.
My dear Sir/
after having sent my trunk from Gallaturns to the rail road,
in looking over some old cards to burn them, I found one with
the name C. Fisher - had my trunk not already gone, I should cer-
tainly have remained another day to see you, and I now very
much regret that the neglect of the servants, should have pre-
vented our meeting, as I had much to say to you on the subject
♦^Gouverneur Kemble, 1786-187.5, a graduate of Columbia College in New York, began busi-
ness as a merchant. While visiting Spain he studied the process of casting cannons. Upon his return
to the United States, he established a cannon foundry at Cold Spring, where, for the first time, cannons
were cast in this country. He was a Democratic member of Congress from 1837 to 1841. Biog. Dir.
of Cong., 1173.
The Mangum Papers 385
of copper, to which I have of late turned my intention [sic],
without however abandoning my Iron interests — Could we
have met, you would most probably have been able to satisfy
me on the mines of North Carolina,^^ as it is, I want you to give
me some information in relation to them, the facilities and cost
of raising the ore - its average produce, and the possiblity of
so selecting as to render it capable of transportation, with the
cost of transportation to the nearest water carriage - what are
the facilities of water power for crushing it, and in what dis-
trict are the best mines - is there any body in the vicinity of
Fayette Ville who could direct me in case of my coming to North
Carolina, and whether you will probably be at home in the
month of April.- I have long intended this visit, but when I
returned home after my service in congress, I found it necessary
to apply myself closely to my business here, after having
abandoned it entirely for four years, and at the only time
when I could have left home, you were absent in Kentucky;
so, after proceeding as far as Washington I returned back
again, until the last year I have thought no more of copper,
but having thrown a venture at Lake Superior, it has induced
me to collect information, and to investigate the subject more
closely, and it appears to me that our Country presents a wide
and interesting field, that from it, will hereafter the great sup-
plies of copper be drawn, as yet both the smelting and manu-
facture have been little thought of - we have neither chemists
who understand the theory, nor practical workmen for the
manipulation - both must in the first instance be supplied from
abroad - but when I first commenced the manufacture of Iron
it was little better with that great branch of national industry -
there was something more to be sure to be learned from books,
but practical workmen were wanting, in every branch, and for
many years, until we could create them here, we were entirely
dependent on Europe- [But] the case is now reversed, and there
are some branches in which we actually vie with them on equal
terms, and if ten years hence we do it not in copper, it is our
*sPrior to 1845 several small iron foundries were operated in Gaston, Lincoln, and Chatham
counties. Elisha Mitchell and Denison Olmstead, the state geologists, reported the presence of a
low grade iron ore in several counties. In Gaston County the High Shoals Manufacturing Company,
supported by New York capital, continued to operate until 1854, when it failed. There was not
much iron mining in North Carolina after 1840. Lester J. Cappon, "Iron making — a Forgotten
Industry of North Carolina," North Carolina Historical Review, IX, 331-348.
386 State Department of Archives and History
own fault, and you must join me in this, when I think of the
open field, that now offers, it makes me young again.
Yours truly
Gouv Kemble.
Chs. Fisher Esqr.
The only speciments that I have of copper ore from North
Carolina are selected ones for the cabinet, but these give little
information in relation to the average richness of the ore &
the minerals with which it is associated.
G' K.
[Addressed : ]
Hon'
Charles Fisher Esqr
Salisbury
North Carolina.
WPM-LC
John D. Hawkins^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Near Henderson
Feby. 13th. 1846
Dear Sir.
After I obtained your name as well as many other members
of Congress to the recommendation to the Post-Mas-Genl. to
put 4 Horse Stages on the Road from Raleigh to Columbia, I
went to see Col. Johnson^^ accompanied by Mr Haywood Gen^
McKay and Mr Dobbin, The Post Mas-Genl. was very willing
to make the substitution if he could get the power which the
present Law did not give (the present stages are 2 Horse) him.
But he said if he did make the change of the 4 instead of the 2
Horse coaches, he would stipulate that the Great mail now
going by Wilmington should be sent by Raleigh when he pleased.
^sjohn D. Hawkins, 1781-1858, a graduate of the University of North Carolina and son of
Colonel Philemon Hawkins, praaiced law for a short time in Raleigh before he moved to Franklin
County near the Granville County line. He owned and cultivated large plantations in that section.
For many years he was presiding judge of the court of Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions. In 1834
and 1840 he represented Franklm County in the legislature. He helped promote the Raleigh and
Gaston Railroad. Ashe, Biog. Hist, of N. C, V, 160-162.
*^He refers to Cave Johnson, Postmaster General under Polk, and Will H. Haywood, James J.
McKay, and James C. Dobbins.
The Mangum Papers 387
He said moreover He must send the Big Mail that way, as there
were so many failures on the Wilmington rout, that the service
would not put up with it. I understood Mr Haywood to say he
would have nothing to do with taking the Big mail from the
Wilmington Road. But at the close of the conference, it was
settled down by the Congress men, and Col. Johnson, to which
I assented, that I would cause two propositions to be made to
the Department. First what price would be asked for substitut-
ing 4 horse coaches in place of the 2 now in use, And 2"*^^. if the
Big mail was put upon that rout which should be at the pleas-
ure of the Post Mas. Genl. at what price? I put Gov''. Grahams
letter of Terms as to the Rail Road in the hands of Mr. Dobbin
and asked him to act for me. On my way Home I met Capt".
Guion,^^ and I am notified since that he in behalf of himself
and the other Stage Contractors to Columbia, agreed with the
Post Mas- Genl. upon terms for 4 Horse coaches instead of 2,
provided an act of Congress is passed giving power to the Post
Mas. Genl. to contract for a time suited to the wishes of the
stage contractors. Col. Johnson under the present Law could
only contract for the unexpired term, which is so short the
stage contractors could not incur the expense of new stages
and additional Horses for that term especially as corn is very
scarce in So. C. The Post Mas. Genl who doubted his pov/er
under the present Law to even substitute the 4 Horse coaches
for the 2 now in use. But he agreed if the power was given
him he would make the contract as desired by the Stage Con-
tractors. Mr Haywood & Genl. McKay said that a law to that
effect could be passed immediately. As the terms have been
agreed upon by the Department, and the Stage Contractors,
and nothing is lacking to consummate them, but the Law, to
give the Power; I have written Mr Haywood & Genl. McKay
and asked them to endeavour to have that Law passed as they
proposed, and the object of this letter is to inform you of the
result of my negotiations in the matter and to solicit your co-
operation. If I can as an humble instrument in this matter aid
^sProbably Haywood W. Guion, of Charlotte.
388 State Department of Archives and History
to sustain the Rail Road, it will give not only me, but many
others great pleasure -
I am most respectfully
Your Humble Servt.
Jno. D. Haw^kins
The Honble.
W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
The Honble.
Willie P. Mangum
Washington City.
WPM-LC
Wm. Gihhs McNeilV^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Newt York 14th Feby 1846.—
Hon: Willie P. Mangum.-
U. S. Senate.
Dr. Sir: Surrounded by a number of officers of our Navy
I venture to address myself to you, in their behalf & fully sym-
pathizing v^ith them - in relation to the commission (appoint-
ment of) Comr. Moore to a Captaincy in our Navy. —
All that they ask is a little more time for Hon: Senators to
reflect on the injustice w^hich may result from the precedent -
to say nothing of that w^hich, in excited feeling - perhaps - they
think will have been done them by the confirmation of Captn.
Moore before his nomination shall be acted on. —
Omitting any argument: will you allow me to suggest
that if he & others (or he alone) are to be introduced as part &
parcel of the effects - the public property - of Texas; an increase
of the numerical rank of Captains & others of subordinate grade
would, measurably mollify the excited (& as some think) out-
raged feeling of the Navy: - That is - if it be determined to in-
troduce ("annex") Comr. Moore to the list of Navy Captains -
^'^William Gibbs McNeill, 1801-1853, a native of Wilmington, North Carolina, attended West
Point. A successful engineer, he surveyed most of the railroad routes of the East. In 1837 he re-
signed from the army to promote other railroads. D. A. B., XII, 152-153.
The Mangum Papers 389
do it (not by filling a vacancy) but by special Legislation in-
dividualizing (if there be such a word) & creating a place for
him by increasing the number of Captns.
You will excuse this when I tell you that hearing that gal-
lant arm of the National defence - so well represented by those
present - express confidence in the justice of Senator Mangum:
I am called on to write for them because I almost claimed re-
lationship! "The Old North State" - drank with "three times
three". - (Loco-foco as I am I had to lug in "Hon. Mr. Critten-
den" & I am not the only democrat!! (shade of my Federalist
Father do not hear it! ) who am prepared to go for him "right,
or wrong, dead, or alive" — politically speaking —
Most res'y. I am truly &c
Wm. Gibbs McNeill
[Addressed : ]
Hon: Mr. Mangum. —
U. S. Senate.—
Washington City.
WPM-NC
Note of Willie P. Mangum on the ^'History of Ivory Crucifix''
14 Feby 1846.
The following is a most remarkable work- I have for hours,
sat looking at it, in a sort of dreamy solemn idealism.- It speaks
to the Senses of the heart, with an eloquence beyond the pulpit;
& when is superadded, the back ground view (a painting) of
the City of Jerusalem, with the heavens overcast with angry
clouds, & the fierce, avenging, & forked lightning is seen burst-
ing & descending in a red & wrathful stream of fire to "rend the
Vail of the temple" it is absolutely magnificent, appalling &
dissolving to a mind & heart of the slightest devotional cast.
I am tolerably well.
W. P. Mangum
390 State Department of Archives and History
HISTORY
OF THE
IVORY CRUCIFIX,
or
STATUE OF CHRIST,
Carved from a solid Block of Ivory
By a monk in the Convent of
St. Nicholas,
at
Genoa, Italy.
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to Willie P. Mangum
[16 February, 1846]
My Dear Sir.
More enquiries- to v^hom did Mr. Buchanan say that the
People possessed all the facts in regard to the Oregon affair?
I ansv^er that he told Mr. Calhoun & Mr. W. S. Miller^^ the mem-
ber from this City. To Mr. Miller he made his declaration after
the 1^* of January- I do not know^ w^hen he spoke to Mr. Cal-
houn. To both his declaration was precise & full, that all the
correspondence was in the possession of Congress; & both of
these Gentlemen repeated it to me. Mr. Miller's Brother who
is here, says further that Buchanan deliberately lied. He and the
Brother, was in Washington at the time. Send for Miller, & Mr
Calhoun, & you will have facts enough. Miller will give you
other names to whom he made the same declaration. I believe
to Campbell member from the Cty.
Yours ever.
J. Watson Webb
Feby. 16 1846
Hon W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
To the Hon:
W. P. Mangum.
U. S. Senate
Washington.
^William Starr Miller, Gsngressman from New York City in 1845-1847. Biog. Dir. of Cone.
1316.
The Mangum Papers 391
WPM-LC
William Hooper^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Columbia S. C. Feb. 17 [1846]
My dear Sir
Will you be good enough to send me a list of the two Houses
of the present Congress, as I suppose you have it in pamphlet
form. We are, you may be sure watching your proceedings with
deep interest & some anxiety; and our comfort is to think that
it is, as you & others every now & then give us a hint, namely:
that a game is playing- that the President & his backers have
no notion of going to war- & are only making a fair show for
some party purposes. I read, with much pleasure, last night,
Mr. Clayton's speech, at least the concluding part of it. I was
glad to hear from Mr. Preston this morning that his private ad-
vices from Washington increase the hope held out by the papers
that we shall get thro this business without a war. What a war
it would be to us! You will be interested to hear about your old
friend- Col. Preston.^^ Academical habits seem to set easy up-
on him- He goes to prayers most punctually every morning &
evening- and lectures his classes 4 times a week very diligently-
too much so, for his strength- for I am sorry to tell you that
his health appears much worsted by a severe attack last sum-
mer, and as he himself says he "is very easily put out of tune."
He appears easily fatigued. He has to live very carefully &
abstemiously. I hope as the cold weather withdraws, he will
be better. He is very popular as a president & I think will con-
tinue so. Pray give me what circumstances you know of the
late fatal duel between our countrymen Jones & D"" Johnson.^^
The unhappy cause we have heard, to our infinite astonishment,
& our great sorrow, for our friend Devereux's sake, as well as
the immediate parties concerned. We learn from N. Ca that
Mr D. had gone to Washington to see Jones Is it true that Jones
& his second & Dr. J.s second are in custody, or have they been
^^See above. III, 23n.
^^W. C. Preston was president of South Carolina College from 1846 to 1851.
"•^Dr. Daniel Johnson and Thomas F. Jones, both of Perquimans County, fought a duel at
Bladensburg, Maryland, February 2, 1846. The duel developed from the infidelity of Jones's wife.
Johnson, a physician, refused to fire. Jones, a lawyer and near sighted, shot and killed Johnson.
Jones and his second were arrested, but no action resulted from the arrest. The duel produced great
excitement. Both men were prominent and respected in their communities. About 300 people wit-
nessed the shooting. Hillsborough Recorder, February 12, 1846; Stephen B. Weeks, "The Code in
North Carolina," Magazine of America's History, December, 1891. 451; Raleigh Register, February
6, 13, 1846.
392 State Department of Archives and History
discharged? We learn that Dr J.s body was brought home to
his friends. Is it true that he reserved his fire, & protested, to
the last, that Jones's jealousy v^as groundless? This is stated
in a Baltimore print. But can this he possible? The accounts
we have rec*^, direct from Raleigh, ( said to be on the best author-
ity) make the proof ocular, personal! Would that there could be
a ''loop to hang a hope upon," for poor Devereux's sake & his
family's.
Excuse me for intruding upon your public cares v^ith this
letter, v^hich your uniform courtesy & kindness assure me you
will do-
Yours very truly &
Respectfully
W. Hooper
S. Ca. College
[Addressed : ]
The
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
J. Whitehorne^^ to Willie P. Mangum
New York Feb 17th 1846
Dear Sir,
I write to beg your influence in procuring the picture for
the Rotunda which was to have been painted by N. Inman^^ but
which has never, even had a beginning. My only recommenda-
tion is the Design of the senate, a proof engraving of which you
will see in Washington in the course of four weeks- at which
time I hope to see you myself.
I suppose that it will be left open to competition for some
months. May I hope for any influence that you, Sir, or any of
^*See above, J. Whitehorne to W. P. Mangum, March 7, 1845.
^^See above, 375n.
The Mangum Papers 393
your friends may bring to bear upon the Com*^® to whom this
subject is referred?
I shall remain in W. long enough to paint several portraits.
If you, sir should wish to employ my pencil I should be pleased
to know it previous to my leaving home, that I might make my
arrangements accordingly —
Yours in F. L. & T.
J. Whitehorne
Hon. W. P. Mangum -
[Addressed:]
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
Washington
D. C.
Politeness Hon. Ely Moore)
WPM-LC
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum
19th. Feby. 1846.
[New York, N. Y.]
Dear Sir
private.
I have been much occupied, since my return home, about
my own affairs. But I am not unmindful, of the topic, we fa-
miliarly discussed, at your lodging. I have in my walks, found
a few old friends, of both parties, who unhesitatingly declare,
their decided preference, for the Judge, over the General^^- And
their reasons, are unanswerable. From the very nature of
things, who is best able, who is, the most proper person, to be
at the head of a Government, like ours, founded on universal
suffrage; him, who has been tried, as a representative, execu-
tive, and Judicial office, displayed, the very best administrative
talent, in each. Or him, who has, from his youth, been ac-
^«He refers to Judge John McLean and General Winfield Scott.
394 State Department of Archives and History
customed, to hold the sword, in his hand. Who has always com-
manded, knows nothing, of being commanded. Unaccustomed,
to mingle, with the great body, of the people; knows nothing
about them, nor of Human nature- He is very irritable, vain,
and pompous, very credulous, and visionary, beyond all com-
parison. Irritable, as I will show you. During the Embargo, in
1809. or- 10. the Government desired, a cession, of a piece of
Land, at the battery, in this city, and because, it was not done
in time, and manner, to suit Col. Scott, (now General) Dewitt
Clinton, (afterwards Governor) then being mayor, of the city,
was challenged, to mortal combat. That story, would not read
well now, when it is known, that the General, refused to meet
General Jackson, with his hands untied. Besides Sir, there is,
a prejudice among the people, of taking the President, from
a slave state. General S must hail from Virginia. The people,
are quite willing, to take the vice-President, from a slave hold-
ing state. I desire, you should most distinctly know, from me,
that I disclaim, any ill will, towards the General. We are on
the very best of friendly terms. But I place these facts, be-
fore you, my friend, as they are freely talked, among the peo-
ple. It is also due to truth, to inform you, that Mr. Calhoun,
just now, stands well, in our community. The people generally,
are quite pleased with his acts, on the Oregon question. And Sir,
I assure you also, that you may ride, from Washington, to this
City, stop one day in Philadelphia, mingle with the business
people, and with a few calls, on personal friends, and you will
not hear, the name of Mr. Polk, mentioned, in any other way,
than with contempt, if mentioned at all.
I salute you Mr. Senator, with
a great deal of Respect & good
will,
Your friend.
J. B. Mower
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
D. C.
The Mangum Papers 395
WPM-LC
T. L. Clingman to Willie P. Mangum.
AsHEViLLE Feb. 21st 1846
My dear Sir
I should have written to you some time since in reply to your
favour but that I know that situated as you are a letter even
from a friend is often a burden. In the first place permit me
to thank you for the many favours which I have received from
you in the shape of interesting documents. Your course on the
Oregon question allow me to say is just what it ought to be,
I am much pleased to see that you were the first of the Senators
to take what seems to me the true position on that question,
and I am strongly inclined to believe that manner in which
you expressed yourself at the beginning of the discussion has
had a favorable effect in preventing some of our Northern
friends from taking an extreme anti-war position which as our
political enemies hoped, would have weakened us as a party.
For however silly [and] weak may be the views of our executive
(and I believe that the history of governments does not present
a greater climax of absurdity and wickedness than would be
the system of Mr Polk reduced into practice) yet it ought al-
ways to be kept prominently before the public mind that in
the event of actual collision with a foreign nation all parties
here would support our government, Your resolutions on this
subject it seems to me are just what they ought to have been
and point to that course which I think alone it is practicable to
take.
With respect to party politics here we are all in a state of
much quiet. What the Locos will do now that Caldwell has
declined I have no means at present of knowing.^^
Should they decline giving us opposition I shall think it
fortunate for us for with all the effort which the active Whigs
in this part of the state would make for Gov. Graham he would
I fear if opposed by a respectable man fall smartly behind the
party strength. We found in 1844 that many of these persons
who voted against us in August who were called Whigs could
not be gotten back in November for Clay with all our efforts,
though as you may remember we gained nearly a thousand
^"^See above, 35 On.
396 State Department of Archives and History
votes, on the gov., election. Should we be crippled in the same
manner again I fear we might be placed in a minority in some
of our counties. This however, you understand is not for the
public to know, but on the contrary we tell the Locos that their
men are afraid of our candidate.
As to Gov. Graham himself the promient Whigs have no
objection, and as for myself it is hardly necessary for me to
say to you that I entertain the same feelings towards him that
I did in 1840 when I took occasion to defend against the as-
saults of your very particular friend Mr. Shepard.^^ Should we
have opposition you may rely upon our doing here all we can
for him and the Whig party of the old North State
How the Legislature is to be no one can tell, If we can get
out the right men we can easily carry the state. Should we get
the majority of the Legislature I may without any impropriety
say to you as I do to my friends that I am for you if you are
willing to serve, against any man in the State even if he were
from old Buncombe itself, I consider this much due to the fidelity
and ability you have shown to principles of the Whig party.
Should you find time to write to me occasionly it would always
as you know give me the greatest pleasure to hear from you
I am very truly yours
T. L. Clingman
Hon Willie P. Mangum.
WPM-LC
Daniel S. HilV^ to Willie P. Mangum.
LOUISBURG No. Ca.
February 21st 1846
Hon Willie P Mangum
Dear Sir
If you have any spare copies of Fremonts Expedition
through the countries west of the Rocky Mnts &c. I would be
glad if you would send me one, or procure me a copy & let me
"Sec above. III, 8 In.
69See above. III, 387n.
The Mangum Papers 397
know the price & I will remit the amt. to you on its reception.
The Oregon question is discussed very fully & sapiently by our
Loco-foco fire eaters hereabouts, but there is an evident wincing
under the developments made by the corespondence between
our valiant Secretary of State & the British Minister published
by the House They claim the Resolutions passed by the House
as carrying out the views of the President, which of course they
do not believe I think so far as I can understand; Public senti-
ment in our community is decidedly opposed to war & in favor
of fair honest compromise Either by negotiation or arbitration
and unanimously condemn the course of Mr Polk on the sub-
ject, as you remarked the other day if the people had confidence
in those who had charge of the negotiation they would rest
satisfied let the issue be what it may, but those who aided to
elevate him & especially those who know him best have no
confidence either in his honesty his firmness or his patriotism
& I see some of the Northern Papers, ( the Journal of Commerce
for instance) have confessed it. Of course the leaders here who
get their cue from the standard Union &c are obliged to be-
lieve & think & talk as they are ordered to do by their mas-
ters
The Party have not yet brot out their candidate for Govr.
since Green W Caldwell did not prove to be as green & verdant
as Wheeler supposed him. I understand he tried to be nominated
for Govr himself^^ indeed a Democrat informed me that he
wrote to some of the leading Democrats in the state soliciting
their influence in his favor before the convention & when he
found it was no go, he made a virtue of necessity & came out in
the Standard with great self sacrifice & refused to have his
name brot before the Convention
If we get up a big barbecue in our county will you come
to it this summer? it will be given with especial view to your
benefit & approbatory of your course in Congress If there is
any way to fix it I will send you a vote from Franklin we have
done such things notwithstanding there are just 2 to 1 against
us. Any thing that I can do, you know I will do for your suc-
cess, & I have the consolation to know that in none of our re-
verses could I reproach myself after it was over for not having
^The Raleigh Register, March 6, 1846, stated that after Caldwell declined the nomination, the
Democrats had trouble finding a candidate. "McKay did not want it. Saunders had been appointed
as minister to Spain. Col. Wheeler's alarm lest he might be made Governor 'before he could get
there,' was soon removed, as nobody seconded the motion." He refers to John H. "Wheeler.
398 State Department of Archives and History
done all I could to advance the good cause If you have anything
that can be used to our advantage in any way send them &
I v^ill send you the amt.
Success to our cause
your Respectfully
Danl. S. Hill
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City.
WPM-LC
Washington Hunt to Willie P. Mangum.
Feb 23 1846
My dear Sir.
This picture has been sent to me by the Editor of the Whig
Review, and he desires some of your friends to give an opinion
of its merit. In the main I think it a capital likeness.^^ If I were
disposed to find fault, I would object to the stern solemnity of
expression. But this gravity is dignified and Senatorial, and I
have seen you wear that serious look on many occasions. I think
this must have been taken after the election of 1844, when
your mind was sorrowful in contemplation of the degeneracy
of the times, and the doubtful future on which we were about
to enter. Yet it is evident that you did not "despair of the Re-
public."
I have conversed with Gov. Morehead who will prepare a
sketch of your Life & Character in time for the April number
of the Review. He takes up the subject con amore and no man
can do it better justice.
In haste, dear sir,
Yours truly
W. Hunt
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
^^The portrait of Mangum was a daguerreotype by Anthony, Clark & Co., engraved in mezzotint
by T, Doney and published in the American Review, 1846, and later reproduced in the Portraits of
United States Senators, with a Biographical Sketch of Each., Claremont, N. H.. 1836.
The Mangum Papers 399
WPM-LC
J. Watson Wehh to Willie P. Mangum.
[25 Feb. 1846]
My Dear Mangum
You know all about our Yacht bill. It is out of position in
the House, & I have written to Butler King, to see you & get it
started in the Senate. For my sake, & to save the friendship of
two hundred gentlemen who will talk & act as we desire, I en-
treat of you to bring it forward in the Senate & push it through.
You can do it, & to you shall be the glory.
Ever yours
J. Watson Webb
Tuesday night.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
P.S.
Have I not given C.^^ ^ hig friends a dose this time?
[Addressed:]
W. P. Mangum
Senate U. S.
Washington City.
[Postmarked : ]
New York, Feb. 25.
WPM-LC
William B. Lewis^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington D. C.
Feb. 27th 1846.
Sir
The members of 'The Cambrian Benevolent Society" of
this city having been given to understand that you are of Welsh
descent,^* have instructed me to request the honor of your com-
^^He probably refers to Calhoun,
^^He ran a clothing store in Washington at this time. Tbe Waashington Directory and National
Register for 1846, published by Gaither & Addison, Washington, 1846, p. 57.
^*See above, I, 84n.
400 State Department of Archives and History
pany at their Festival in honor of St. David to be held on Mon-
day 2d day of March next —
The Society will assemble at the store of Messrs Owen,
Evans & Co at 6 o'clock P.M. and will from thence repair to the
Swan dining rooms, near the residence of John C. Rives Esqr.
Very respectfully
Your obt. St
William B. Lewis
Corresponding Secy.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate—
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate.
WPM-LC
Henry W. Moncure et als. to Willie P. Mangum^^
Richmond, 4th March, 1846.
Dear Sir,
You have already been made acquainted, through the me-
dium of the public press, with the death, so sudden, sad and
tragical, of JOHN HAMPDEN PLEASANTS.
We desire not to enter into any particulars connected with
this melancholoy event. It is sufficient to say, that Mr. Pleas-
ants fell a victim to the merciless requirements of a code of
honor, which, false as it is, has yet the powerful sanction of
public opinion, and of the society in which our fallen friend
was born and reared. Yet it is but justice to his memory to
say, that he went upon the field with no desire to take his ad-
versary's life; that, in his last moments, he declared that pre-
viously to the combat he had extracted the ball from his pistol
^^This is a printed circular letter set in heavy mourning borders. Thomas Ritchie, Jr., editor of
the Richmond Enquirer, accused Pleasants of abolitionist leanings. A duel followed, and Pleasants
was killed. D. A. B., XV, 8.
The Mangum Papers 401
to lessen the chances of a fatal result, and that his only object
in the encounter, was to repel the imputation which had been
cast upon his courage. Such a course, extraordinary as it ap-
pears, was only in keeping with the lofty magnanimity and for-
getfulness of self, which had ever been a distinguishing char-
acteristic of one of the most chivalrous and magnanimous spirits
of the age.
You, Sir, are familiar with the public course of John H.
Pleasants for the last twenty-five years. The founder of the
Richmond Whig, the gallant champion of our political principles,
the man whose splendid genius commanded alike the admira-
tion of friends and foes, it is unnecessary that we speak with
minuteness of his political history to any one acquainted with
the affairs of Virginia. But it may not be so generally known,
that an interesting family were entirely dependent upon the
labors of his mind, and that this sudden and appalling bereave-
ment has left an aged mother and two young and promising
children unprotected and destitute.
To that mother, to those children, his last thoughts were
given. Expressions of love and gratitude to her who gave him
birth, exhortations to his children to pursue the path of virtue,
honesty and truth, fell from his dying lips. Shall we not re-
ceive the mother and the children as a precious legacy? Shall
we not seize with eagerness an opportunity to manifest our grati-
tude, for the illustrious services of the deceased, and our sym-
pathy with the surviving members of his household?
The people of Richmond having commenced the good work
of contributing to the relief of this destitute family, appeal to
you. Sir, (as an old and tried friend of the cause to which the
whole life and brilliant powers of Mr. Pleasants were devoted,)
to give your generous aid; and, as a friend of humanity, to
visit with your bounty the widowed mother and orphan chil-
dren of a man whose own heart was ever open as the day to
the call of charity, and to whom the children of affliction and
want never appealed in vain.
402 State Department of Archives and History
Contributions may be forwarded to either of the subscribers,
trustees appointed to receive the same.
Respectfully,
Henry W. Moncure,
Henry Ludlam,
Joshua J. Fry.
[Addressed : ]
Hon Willie P. Mangum
U. S. S.
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
Samuel F. Man^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Providence 14th. March '46
Hon. W. P Mangum.
Dear Sir
The "law and order" leaders^"^ in this State have spared no
pains to impress the public mind with the belief that Senator
Simmons, as a whig, has lost cast with whig Senators. They
assert, that it is a subject of general remark, as well as deep re-
gret, amongst Whigs in Washington, that Mr. Simmons should
have so conducted, as to have forfeited the good opinion of his
Senatorial brethren.^^
They allude to his vote upon Aliens resolution as the act,
which has strengthend, what before was rather impression, as
to his defection.
Please, per return post, if it comports with your feelings,
state Mr. Simmons' standing - and particularly as a firm & un-
flinching whig, and whether any vote or act has in the least im-
paired confidence in him in this respect
Very truly & respectfully
Your obt. Servant.
Saml. F Man
^•'A student at Brown University in 1812-1813, he became a Whig and in 1844 he was vice-
president of the national Whig convention, which met in Baltimore. Niles' Register, LXVI, 147;
Historical Catalogue of Brown University, 1764-1904, Providence, 1905, 599.
e^See below S. F. Man to W. P. Mangum, March 17 and 21, 1846.
«8See below S. F. Man to W. P. Mangum, March 17 and 21, 1846.
The Mangum Papers 403
P.S. Please say how far I may use yr reply - Shall I publish it?
Please direct to Providence.
[Addressed:]
Honr. Willie P Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
D C.
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum
Monday evening.
Washington City, 16*^. March 1846
My dear Love.
Two or three days ago, I received a very pretty letter from
our dear daughter Sally, and a day or two after I reed, one from
you, saying, Sally would write the next week. - I don't know
how it came about; but I was greatly gratified to hear that
Sally was improving, that the rest of the family were well. - I
have not written because I intended to be at Hillsbor^. Supr.
Court, if the state of the business before Congress had admitted
of it.—
It did not, however — & yet I intend God willing, to go home
in the month of April & stay a week. - From present appear-
ances, the session may run, until late in the Summer. —
As to Polly's roses, I intended to carry them home. - That
failing, I thought it best not to send them, unless by some safe
hand, & none such offered, - because they might be a month on
the road, & perhaps never get home. —
Tell the girls they must lay out their own borders & beds,
& let us see how much taste they have. - I have a great many
seeds that [I v/ill] try to get off tomorrow by the mail. —
I hear that some movement has been made [the o]bject of
which is to deprive Mr. Piper of his school.-^^ I am sorry to
hear of it.- It is unpleasant to have to interfere in such matters,
as the selfishness of people, will neither view, such interference
with justice, nor listen to reason, & will think every thing of the
6»See above, 308.
404 State Department of Archives and History
sort an evidence of unfriendliness.- I certainly have no such
motive nor object, yet I wish William to go to school to one
Competent to teach and manage him.- Davis Hester cannot be
fit for either the one or the other.- I fear Meekins and Col.
Mangum^^ have failed to use the influence & energy which was
due to the subject & the neighborhood.- I do not understand what
is either done or intended.- Talk to Mr. Piper on the subject &
ask him to write to me.-
I desire him to make a school & will subscribe $50. rather
than be without a good School. —
At the same time that I will do this- I wish to do it, in a
way, to give as little offence as possible. -
Tell my boy that I hope he learns his book well, & say to Mr
Piper & to him, that I think he ought to begin to use the pen-
to make letters & to write a little- It would amuse him, & he
would not only be not kept too closely to his book, but would
learn to use the pen & to write, just as well as if he were further
advanced.- At his age, he ought to be taught how to hold a pen,
& to use it.- Shew this to Mr Piper.-
I hope our daughters Patty & Mary not only attend to their
books, &C. but that they also work & go in the open air enough
to promote health.
I have generally been well, until within the last two weeks-
I have had cold but am now nearly well.-
I hope to see you in a Month. In the meantime give my love
to the Children, & say, that I very much desire to see you all. —
I trust my Love, that you are well and cheerful.- You must
think of me often & Kindly, & with the assurance of my ever
constant love
& all the regards of an
Affectionate husband
Willie P. Mangum
To Mrs. C. A. Mangum-
'OMeekins Mangum and Ellison G. Mangum, cousins of Willie P. Mangum.
The Mangum Papers 405
WPM-LC
Samuel F. Man to Willie P. Mangum.
Providence. 17th March. 1846
My Dear Sir
Your very acceptable letter of the 14th inst^^ is before me.
The flattering exordium, is highly appreciated and be assured,
Sir, that the remembrance of the social enjoyment, that I ex-
perienced during my visit in Washington in your society, has
made an indelible impression on my mind, which I shall cherish
whilst memory lasts; the reccollection of it is amongst the most
pleasing incidents of my life.
There is a fierce political contest before us in this State. I
am engaged in it to the extent of my power. For I deem the
continuance of the Law and Order party's ascendancy, a fatal
blow, to our prospects as whigs. That organization is thoroughly
hostile to the formation of a whig party here, which by its in-
sidious wounds has been prostrate ever since its organization.
Indeed in their selections for office, even in our National Coun-
sels, whig, democrat or trimmer, all stand upon a level- the
only test is, fidelity to Law & order dictation, and the most
subservient is the most eligible. With such a party I cannot
harmonize, my whig principles forbid. If you have received
a pamphlet, which reflects upon Mr. Simmons honor, the act
has not been committed by him in our State, which will justify
the charge. I have been intimate with Mr Simmons for thirty
years, and the first dishonorable act as a politician or a man is
unknown to me.
The opposition to Mr. Simmons does not proceed from his
recent course in advocating the release of Dorr.- this is made the
occasion to gratify an old grudge, and break him down; for this
purpose is the Law & order party continued- this it is which
gives it vitality. The men engaged in the work, are trimmers
of the true Tyler stamp and Mr. Simmon's straight forward
and independent course does not square with their diplomacy.
TiSee above. S. F, Man to W. P. Mangum, March 14, 1846.
406 State Department of Archives and History
I did myself the pleasure to address you a few days since,
making enquiries of you as to Mr. Simmon's standing, which
you have anticipated.
But if any thing further occurs to you. & particularly as to
his vote upon ALLen's resolutions which affects him as a whig,
it would afford me great additional pleasure to receive it.
I troubled Gov. Woodbridge- Senator Jarnigan and Gov
Morehead, by the same mail. You ask "And yet where shall the
man be found who shall charge him with delinquency?" It is
upon this very point, that the Law and order men are making
head way against him. They assert, and several of them have
recently returned from Washington, indeed the story is com-
mon throughout our state, that Mr. Simmons has lost his stand-
ing in Washington as a whig, with whig Senators; And that con-
sequently he has greatly impaired his usefullness in his present
position.
I have ventured to brand the story, as false, but as they
have just returned they claim to know, better than myself, and
it was on this account, that I took the liberty to write you. A
leading article in the National Intelligencer would place this
thing beyond a question, for no whig in this State gainsays what
appears in that Journal.
I know not how the thing can be accomplished but it would
be of inestimable service to the friends of Mr. Simmons. I
have ventured to suggest it, in the hope, perhaps presumptuous,
that a thing can be brought about.
The money power of the State is against Mr. Simmons. His
political opponents, are nondescripts, who are on any side for
power.
What talent- and money- and will can do, will be done
against him. Social, political- pecuniary and business relations
are all brought to bear, backed up with a very influential and
somewhat talented press. Pardon me for repeating, that if any
thing occurs to you which will aid us in our labors, which are
truly Herculean in this contest for Mr. Simmons, I flatter my-
self that you will communicate it.
The Mangum Papers 407
With my thanks for your kind and timely letter, and the as-
surances of my high regard.
I am dear Sir Your much
Obliged and Obt. Sevt.
Samuel F Man
To Hon.
Willie P Mangum.
Washington
P S. Would you permit the publication of your letter.
S. FM.
WPM-LC
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum,
New York 20th March 1846.
My dear Sir
I congratulate you most grave, respected, and respectable
Senator, on the prospect, of a speedy and honorable adjustment
of that worn out name, Oregon. That small person, who fills &
so fills, so large a place, rode in, on the Texas horse, and will
gallop out, on the Oregon, on the very hobby, that promised
so much good Capital, to this administration.
Is it not Sir, a very important affair, that this country, has
got such a body, as is known to the Government, by the name
of the Senate, 52 or 54 Senators, all, all, [sicl Honorable men,
it is most devoutly, to be hoped-'^^
Where would we be, just now, without such an anchor? Since
my return home, I have called, on several prominent men of
the Whig party, & some old fashioned Republicans like myself.
I found, every one, very kindly disposed, towards the judge,"^^
the most influential person of all, without my saying one word,
■^^At this time many Senate leaders were trying to check the warlike moves of the administration
forces on the Oregon question.
''^^Judge John McLean, the perennial candidate.
408 State Department of Archives and History
for any candidate, declared off handed, for the judge, as the
safest, strongest the very best candidate, for the Whigs to rally
on in 48. He deplored the idea of bringing the GeneraF* out,
as ruinious in the highest degree, to the Whig cause. He v^as
decidedly & firmly opposed to that move. And Sir w^hen you
come to look at the question, as it must shortly present itself
to you; And if the Whigs avail themselves, of the event that
vi^ill most assuredly, cast their shades before them. The Candi-
date, of the Executive, must come from a non slave holding
state, and the Vice President, from a slave one. You are aware,
I presume Sir, that we are to have, a state Convention,'^^ to alter
our Constitution. And it is considered, that the old party ties,
will be severed, that Western New York, will be Whig and
abolition, this union, will control, the balance of power, and
make New York, a whig state.
These fanatic abolitionists will support the judge, but they
will not go for the General. You must look at men, and things,
as you find them. I am stronger in my opinions, since my re-
turn, from seeing, reading and hearing, what passes every day,
before me. And if the Whigs will only act, with common prud-
ence, sagacity, and honesty, the road is clear, for a most splen-
did triumph.
The tongue of slander, hath not, nor never can, assail him.
His character, is without a blot upon it. Look at him, I repeat
again to you Sir, at the Head, of that most vexatious, and per-
plexing, departments of the Government, the General P. O. and
behold him, coming out of it, with a solid, and healthful popu-
larity; such as no one, ever enjoyed before, or perhaps, ever
will again.
Then Sir, I ask you, if he was so successful, in this most dif-
ficult of offices, coming out of it, as he actually did, with such,
an abiding popularity, how can he, but excel, in this, his new
position, surrounded, as he would, most certainly be, by such a
Galaxy, of kindred- spirits, as yourself, J. M. Clayton, W. C.
'^General Winfield Scott.
"^The state constitutional convention of New York convened on June 1, 1846, and remained in
session until October 9> 1846. The changes were in keeping with the trends of the day. The num-
ber of elective officers was increased, the system of representation was altered so that mernbers of the
upper and lower house were elected by single districts. Jabez D. Hammond, Political History of the
State of New York, III, 609-670.
The Mangum Papers 409
Rives & others, of the like stamp- away with doubt, — away
with fear — you must triumph, you will prevail.
I am my dear Sir,
most truly
Your friend
J. B. Mower.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate,
Washington.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
WPM-LC
Saml. F. Man to Willie P. MangumJ^
Earls Hotel. Providence 21. Mar. '46
My Dear Sir
Yours of the 14th is just at hand. I feel most thankful, for
the free use which you permit of what you have written as
spoken on the subject of Mr. Simmon's standing. But so far
as you have expressed yourself to the Editor of the Journal,
we may rest assured, nothing of it will appear in his columns.
His is the organ of Law & order, and the great object of that
party particularly the leaders, is to break down Simmons
Our friends are ignorant of what "pamphlet" you have re-
ceived by mail breathing a spirit of bitterness against him.
We know of but one pamphlet which is in print, and that is
from the pen of Dexter Randall Esqr. an old and bitter loco-
foco; but it dropped * 'still-born" If you have received any
other pamphlets, it would be very acceptable. If you would
forward it strongly envelloped, you would confer a great favor,
or if it is Randall's, please say so - but we do not wish a copy.
We think that we have passed the Rubicon, for we have
formed and published a strong whig ticket of thirteen rep-
resentatives from this city. The success of this ticket determines
the reelection of Mr. Simmons.
7«See above, S. F. Man to W. P. Mangum. March 14, 17, 1846.
410 State Department of Archives and History
It*s is almost, if not quite certain, if the candidates are bullet
proof- but we cannot overlook the fact, as was significant and
with an air of triumph thrown into our teeth by a Law & order
man this morning on the appearance of the ticket, that **we
should remember that the whole money power of the city will
be brought against us"! This is true, they have & every effort
will be made to crush the candidates.
Time alone, will determine with what success.
Other than this, there is no danger, our course is clear and
our haven near
Very truly yours, with great respect.
Saml. F Man
To . Hon^
Willie P Mangum
Washington
WPM-LC
William Alhrighf^"^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Sandy Grove N. C. 21st March 1846
Hon. Wilie P. Mangum
My Dear Sir
I take pen in hand to inform you that we are in reasonable
Health & hope these will find you in the enjoyment of the
same
My further object is to ask you to forward to me if you have
it in your power Secretary Walkers Report,^^ and other docu-
ments that might be of use to us in the Next Campaign. I have
not Reed the first Document or other paper during this Session
from any member of Congress, nor has there been the first one
sent to this office for any person, you will please also, if con-
venient, to send such documents to Daniel Hackney.*^^ St.
Lawrence P.O. Chatham County N. C he will probably be one
of our candidates for the County. I think it stands our Whig
friends in hand to distribute information as much as they pos-
sibly can, between now and the Next Election. The Locos are
■^"See above, II. 278n.
''^Robert J. Walker's report as Secretary of Treasury in December, 1845.
■^Daniel Hackney, of (Zhatham County, was a delegate to the state Whig convention which met
in Raleigh in January, 1846. Hillsborough Recorder, January 22, 1846.
The Mangum Papers 411
determined to take the State & Elect a Loco Senator next ses-
sion, Should the Tariff be altered I want a Copy of the new
act. I write in haste, the mail is coming.
Very Respectfully yours
Wm. Albright.
My Respects to
Genl. Dockery.
[Addressed:]
Hon. Wilie P. Mangum
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
John G. Roulhac^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Marianna Flo. 21 March 1846
Mr. W. P. Mangum
Dear Sir
Since the House of Representatives gave the Seat of Mr.
CabelP^ to Mr Brockenbrough this part of the State has been
left to the tender Care of the Loco Focos to supply us with docu-
ments which they have used well in Loading the mail with
speechs essays &c &c none have supplyed the wants of the
Whigs.
An exciting canvass for the seat in the next House of Rep-
resentatives is about to commence in the State and we are very-
much in want of the aid of Documents speechs &c &c to use
during the summer that we may be enabled again to return a
Whig to the House. An occasional supply from you & such other
members of either House of such as you may have to spare
would give pleasure & be of great service in this County &
probably in most of the others in the State.
sojohn Gray Roulhac, 1797-1858, graduated from the University of North Carolina with high
distinction at the early age of fourteen. In 1846 he moved to Florida, where he became a planter.
Grant, Alumni Hist, of U. N. C, 536; Helen M. Prescott, Genealogist Memoirs of the Roulhac Bam-
tly tn America, Atlanta, 1894, 64.
^'Edward Carrington Cabell was a representative from Florida from Oaober 6, 1845 to January
24, 1846, when he was replaced in a contested eleaion by his Democratic opponent, William Henry
Brockenbrough, who served until March 3, 1847. Cabell, a Whig, served again from 1847 to 1853.
Btog. Dtr. of Cong., 739, 773.
412 State Department of Archives and History
I know you have a large constituency to supply, yet hope
you may have some to spare for us. Almost the entire popula-
tion of this County are North Carolinians & would much pre-
fer to receive favours of this kind from the Representatives
of their Mother State than from others —
I have enclosed you a list^^ of a number in & about town
should you have time & opportunity to supply them with such
things as may be useful in the approaching Canvass.
Should you wish it I can supply you with names & Post offices
in some of the adjoining Counties.
I am very respectfully
Yr M O Sert
Jno G. Roulhac
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
George C. Collins^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Philadelphia March 24th. 1846.
Hon: Sir.
I ought to have long since congratulated you on the noble
effort made by you in the Senate Chamber relative to the Ore-
gon Territory. I take this opportunity of doing so from the
bottom of my heart. Nothing would afford me greater pleasure
than to contribute my mite towards placing you before this Re-
public as the next Whig Candidate for the Presidency, and I am
happy to say that I am not alone in this matter. I have lately
been to Harrisburg and other surrounding towns delivering
Lectures in order to defray my expenses whilst pursuing the
study of the Law in the office of Josiah Randall Esq. of this
City. And I discovered that your name stood prominent for
that high office. A great majority of the people are in favor of
8^his list is not in the Mangum Papers.
^^See above, 25 n.
The Mangum Papers 413
our claim to the whole of Oregon. I would not suggest a thing
to a Senator, unless I felt a deep and profound regard for his
welfare. Let me then say with great humility and with a due
sense of my uttter worthlessness, when placed near you in the
scale of comparisons. ''Vote for the Notice." The masses are
alive to that question. I shall never forget your kindness to-
wards me, perhaps the day might come, when I shall have it in
my power to render you some service. I only expect the ar-
rival of that happy moment.
I observe a likeness of you in this month's "American Re-
view," which is pronounced by the publisher a ''fine likeness/'
I hope you will excuse me for my freedom, when I say I think
it is a poor likeness. Painters generally flatter the original,
but in this case, the artist has fallen far short of doing you jus-
tice - "Sat dictum est"
Since the defeat of Mr. Clay, I have had many, yea un-
exampled difficulties, wherewith to contend. I had only $200
saved, after the sale of my furniture in Washington. Mr. Ran-
dall threw open his office to me gratis, and I embarked in the
study of Law with a wife and 4 small children and $200 in
Cash. I have now spent 16 mos. and there remain but 8. When
I trust I shall be admitted. Alfred du Pont of Delaware sent me
$400 to assist me, and I earned about $600 which have enabled
me with great self-denial to pass so far on my journey. I pro-
pose delivering another Lecture in the Museum of this city on
Thursday Evening next on Christopher Columbus. I have al-
ready reed, from there many favors, but I know I may with
confidence expect a little assistance from you, say $5 or $10 by
the return mail. I shall give my countrymen and others tickets
for the Amount, and in the mean time shall never fail to regard
the generous Senator from N. C. in whom I more than once
found a friend, with sentiments of devoted attachment.
Believe me Hon. Sir
I am your Obt. Servt.
And ever devoted friend
Geo: C. Collins.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Senator from N. C.
414 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
"A True Whig" to Willie P, Mangum,
Providence March 26. 1846
Hon Willie P. Mangum
Dear Sir.
I deem it necessary to address you at this time on a sub-
ject w^hich to the people of R. I is one of momentous importance,
and as you are somewhat implicated I trust you v^ill feel some
little degree of interest in w^hat I may say. Mr Simmons has
within a few^ weeks been in our state electioneering, and pur-
ports (as I no doubt he has) to have brought letters from you,
stating that you have the fullest confidence in him as a ''Whig/'
and also that the present Law and Order party of this state,
ought to be broken up, and the parties fall back as they were
before our troubles with T. W. Dorr.^*
You cannot, nor can any one unless they have lived or been
among us some little time, know the state of things in our
state. We are on the eve of an election which our best and
ablest men think to be, one, if not the most important of any
that ever occurred in our state, the Dorrites are the same that
they ever were and if they get the power, would carry out all
their plans, and in my opinion sap the foundation of our country,
but let me say and perhaps I ought to have said it in the com-
mencement, what part Mr. Simmons our present senator has
taken in this election. Where was James F. Simmons during
the Dorrite troubles in this state, was he shoulder to shoulder
as he ought to have been with his fellow citizens, willing if
need be die in defence of our institutions, our hearth sides and
all that was dear to us; No; he was where nothing would
trouble him, and where he at least was secure from any harm
that might happen to any of us who were defending ourselves
from a band of ruffians willing to do anything if they could
but carry out their designs.
Did not the Law and Order party, or in other words the
Conservative party of this state beat them at the ballot box
and with the bayonet; and think you that they will now sit
down and suffer themselves to be governed by such a set of
8*See above. IH, 335: IV. 405.
The Mangum Papers 415
rascals, without first exerting all their powers to defeat them
as in 1842; if you would come to R I I am satisfied you would
not say the Law and Order party, ought to be abandoned, the
party is composed of Whigs and Democrats, but I will guarran-
tee to say seven eighths of them are Whigs, true Whigs, and I
trust and I know Mr Mangum is one of this same kind of Law
and Order Whigs, but what I wished in particular to call your
attention to in this letter is. the part James F. Simmons has
taken in order to secure his re-election to the U. S. Senate, far
be it from me to say anything which will injure Mr Simmons
in any way. but when I see him doing as he is now doing. I
cannot and I will not suffer his conduct to go unrebuked. I
have the greatest respect for his talents, and heaven knows I
would not injure him in the least, last Spring just before our
election Mr Simmons came out without consulting any of his
friends who had always supported him. and who always would
have done so. formed an alliance with Chas. Jackson our present
govenr and went over with the Dorrites. he publicly addressed
them in this city, and urged them to use all means in their
power, to elect Jackson as Gov over Fenner^^ the then in-
cumbent, he did this without consulting any of his former
Whig friends, he had as he has since said thought ''his party
was not strong enough to re-elect him" and so he went over to
the Dorrites. who as you very well know, are the very worst of
Democrats, real Jacobins. Mr Jackson was elected Gov. the
only man on their prox. This spring Mr Simmons has left his
seat in the U. S. Senate, where his services are greatly needed,
has come to R. I. stationed himseK at one of the public houses
of this city, and has been making a Prox for Representatives
to our State legislature for the city of Providence, when he is
a native of Johnston, has gone over entirely to the Loco Foco's.
and there is not a Dorrite. or a Loco Foco in the State but
what will vote for him. he has succeeded in getting 12 so called
Whig representatives from this city to stand as candidates to
the legislature to be supported by the Dorrites. and if he goes
to the U. S. Senate another Six years, he goes there as a Loco
Foco. Dorrite Senator.
I cannot think Mr Mangum would uphold Mr Simmons in
this act of his. he has been guilty of so base conduct, as to
86 James Fenner was governor of Rhode Island from 1843 to 1845. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1151.
416 State Department of Archives and History
merit the scorn of the whole whig party. I trust he will be de-
feated, there is not a Whig in the State, who is really one. that
will [vote] for him. he has said since he went over to the Dorrites
that if the Whigs would pledge themselves to support him, as
Senator he would sink the Dorrites. where they never would
be heard from again, think you the Whigs of R. I. will support
such a man; if he can wear two faces at home, it is certainly
not much to say he can wear them abroad.
let me assure you my dear sir. I love the Whig party and
what is more I love my Country. I would spill my blood for
her honor, and in her defence, but I cannot nay I will not up-
hold those men, who are willing to be anything provided they
can have an office, if such men as Jas. F. Simmons were at the
head of our government I fear we should soon go to ruin. I
have written to you because you ought to know the whole facts
in the case. I do not profess to understand letter writing, but
I have deemed it important you should know all about this
affair. I assure you I have the best wishes for the Whig party,
and always mean, so long as it is, what it is now, to support it.
but I cannot uphold Mr Simmons in this act of his merely to
secure his seat in the Senate. If you wish to know more of
the details of this matter Mr. Greene^*^ our other Senator. I have
no doubt would gladly inform you. With the best wishes for the
Whig party and with a fervent desire to see Whig principles
carried out. I remain with great respect. Your most Obt. Servant
"A True Whig"
Let me repeat what I have said. If Jas. F. Simmons goes to the
Senate, another time he goes there supported by the Loco Focos.
[Addressed:] Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Washington. D. C.
8«Albert Collins Greene, 1791-1863, served in the Senate from 1845 to 1851. Biog. Dir. of
Cong., 1032.
The Mangum Papers 417
WPM-LC
D. Francis Bacon^^ to Willie P. Mangum
New York, March 28, 1846.
Dear Sir,
Arrangements have been made by a large and respectable
Committee of the unchanged friends of Henry Clay, for a cele-
bration of the birth-day of that patriotic statesman on the
evening of Monday, April 13, by a grand festival at Niblo's
Saloon. At a large meeting of that Committee on Thursday the
26th inst. a resolution was unanimously adopted inviting your
attendance on that occasion, as the guest of the Committee; and
the undersigned. Chairman of the Committee of Management,
was instructed to urge this invitation most earnestly upon your
notice, and to express the ardent wishes of a large body of
the friends of Mr. Clay, for the gratification which would be
afforded by your presence among them at the proposed enter-
tainment.
In communicating to you this urgent request of my highly
respectable and patriotic associates, I am but repeating the
wishes which I have had occasion to express to you formerly
at personal interviews. It is a long time since you have visited
this great metropolis; and a renewal of your acquaintance with
it, under auspices so favorable, must be productive of great
enjoyment and benefit to yourself, as well as to the numerous
friends whom you would find here.
I have observed, with great regrets, notices of a recent ill-
ness which you have suffered; but I have inferred that your
indisposition was not so serious as to have materially impaired
your strength, and trust that your convalescence has already
proceeded so far as to make the brief ride to this city both easy
and beneficial to you. I presume that it would contribute great-
ly to the perfect restoration of your health and to the refresh-
ment of a mind tasked as yours has been with the peculiarly
harrassing and momentous labors of the present Session.
I assure you that during the proposed visit, no demand shall
be made upon you for any exertion incompatible with your
health or feelings. Preparations will be made for your com-
fortable accommodation at a quiet and elegant Hotel up town;
^See below W. P. Mangum to D. Francis Bacon, April 10, 1846.
418 State Department of Archives and History
and the evening's entertainment v^ill be altogether devoid of
the crowd, noise and bad air of an ordinary meeting. The num-
ber of persons admitted is limited (by the size of the Saloon)
to six hundred: the hours v^ill be early,- the company good and
orderly, and the whole entertainment neat and elegant in the
extreme.
If you can arrange public engagements so as to leave Wash-
ington on Saturday, April 11, you will enjoy Sunday here as
a day of rest, and will have Monday for visits and rides about
the city as may suit your convenience; and if the emergencies
of National Affairs should forbid a longer stay among us, you
can be in Washington again on Tuesday evening, with the loss
of only two days' attendance in the Senate.
The proposed celebration has no other objects than those
which appear on the face of the plan. It is simply a grateful
and cordial commemoration of the public services and manly
worth of our much-wronged patriot-chief, designed to encourage
half-despairing honesty here and every where, and to assure
the world that though such a man may be cheated of the sta-
tion which his capacity deserved, he retains a degree of popular
affection and veneration, worth more to him than a whole life-
time in the Presidential office.
The invitations given by the Committee are very few,-
limited to yourself and seven of your associates in the Senate,
to the Representative of the Ashland District in the House, to
the two Senatorial Electors on our Clay ticket in this State in
1844, and lastly Mr. Fillmore and Mr. Frelinghuysen.
Trusting that this communication may receive your most
favorable consideration and that you may signify speedily your
acceptance of the invitation, I am
Yours with great respect
D. Francis Bacon.
(at the "Carlton House"
New York city.)
Hon. Willie P. Mangum,
in the
Senate of the United States.
The Mangum Papers 419
WPM-LC
Wm. G. Webster to Willie P. Mangum.
New Haven Conn. Apr. 6. 1846
Sir,
In the 17. S. Alhum,^^ the arms of N. Carolina are delineated
without a motto. Will you do me the honor to inform [me]
whether that State has no motto, or what it is? —
Pardon the liberty I have taken, & believe me Sir, with
true respect, Yr Obedt. & humble Sert.
Wm G. Webster
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
Senator.
[Addressed:]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Senator.
Washington City.
D. C.
WPM-LC
John Hogan^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Confidential
Utica. N. York April 7*^. 1846
My dear Sir
I hope you will excuse me in meddling or speaking in re-
lation to the course & policy of the Whig party in this (NY).
State. Let me here say to you that from all that I can gather
from Gent in your party in this state our friend Gen Scott will
not be the perference of his party, mark that, of course I can-
not speak further on that subject I have only to say let Gent
take care of themselves as nothing appears more improper than
a Gent belonging to an opposite party to interfere with a party
^The United States Album, Embellished with the Arms of Each State and Other Appropriate
Engravings, Containing the Autographs of the President and Cabinet, Twenty-Eight Congress, Supreme
Court and Other Officers of Government. Arranged and designed by J. Franklin Reigart, Lancaster
City, Penna. 1844.
^K lawyer and land agent, he became quite prosperous after the Erie Canal was opened. Alex-
ander C. Flick, History of the State of New York, New York, 1935. VII, 32.
420 State Department of Archives and History
to which he does not belong, but I suppose that it is not an un-
pardonable sin for one to express an opinion to a friend as I do
in this case. The weather here is fine & vegetation on the move-
ment & should we have no more snow or cold our crops will
be good.
Since I left Washington my health has improved much. I
hope in a few days to enjoy tolerable health. Now can you
tell me what is to become of the Oregon question will you
take a vote on it this week or will the discussion be put off.
Did you make the call for my papers yet I hope so. I hope your
health continues improving and that our mutual friend Gen
Speights's^^ health will also improve.
I will write you again in a few days I send you some of our
State papers, be good enough to say to Gen Speight that I will
write him I hope you will both keep me advised as to the pro-
gress of Gen Cass & friend Allens^^ as to 54.40
accept Sir my best wishes
I remain your Obt-
humble Servant
John Hogan
Hon. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed:]
Hon Willie P. Mangum
Washington
D. C.
^He refers to Jesse Speight, former Congressman from North Girolina and in 1846 Senator from
Mississippi. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 1553.
"William Allen, Democratic Senator from Ohio, was chairman of the Senate Committee on
Foreign Relations.
The Mangum Papers 421
WPM-LC
WilliaTn H. Thomas^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington City
April 8, 1846
Hon. W. P. Mangum
of the Senate.
Dear Sir.
The adverse report of the Committee on Indian Af-
fairs, on my claims for furnishing Cherokee Indians in the years
of 1836, & 38, having been adopted yesterday, allow me to ask
of you the favor to obtain permission for me to withdraw the
papers from the Jfiles of the Senate.^^
I had supposed that upon the evidence I last forwarded to
you not only of the supplies furnished but the services rendered
my country no objections would have existed to the passage of
a resolution authorizing the Secretary of War, to settle with
me on the principles of equity and justice, for, provisions fur-
nished the Indians or for my services, I did not suppose that
it would have been considered necessary that I should sustain
the loss of my time and then not be compensated for provisions
furnished the Indians which became necessary in consequence
of the means adopted to restore peace, but it seems the Senate
have thought otherwise. I therefore desire my papers, to be
returned.
With the highest respects
your obt servt
Wm H. Thomas
"^A descendant of the Maryland Calverts and a relative of Zachary Taylor, Colonel William
Holland Thomas became, at an early age, a merchant in the Cherokee country of North Carolina.
From childhood a friend of the Cherokees, he was made a member of the tribe. As the Cherokees'
business adviser, he spent much of his time in 1836-1841 and all in 1841-1848 in Washington
working for the Cherokee claims. Upon his return to North Carolina, he was elected to the legisla-
ture and served until 1862. He supported the South in the Civil War. He was also largely respon-
sible for building the Western North Carolina Railroad to Murphy. "Colonel William Holland
Thomas" The University of N. C. Magazine, No. 5 (May, 1899), 291-295.
"^June 12, 1846, Mangum introduced a joint resolution in the Senate for the relief of Thomas.
Cong. Globe, 20 Cong., 1 sess., 965.
After the Cherokees decided to migrate to the West under the treaty of 1835, the eastern branch
of the tribe obtained, through Thomas' aid, the right to remain in western North Carolina. Under
the settlement Thomas was given, as the agent, their part of the money due for improvements. At
various times until 1861 he bought up tracts on the Oconachee River in Swain and Jackson counties.
Since the state refused to recognize Indians' right to own land, Thomas kept the titles in his own
name. James Mooney, "Myths of the Cherokees," in Nineteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of
American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1897-1898, Washington, 1900,
I. 157-159.
422 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Nicholas Carroll to Willie P. Mangum
Office of the Creton (Mutual) Insurance Co.
No. 35 Wall-St., New York, April 8th 1846
To Hon Willie P. Mangum -
My dear Sir
Some days since I was informed that you had been in-
vited by the Young Men to be here on the 13th.^* of this month-
to be their guest at a supper given in honor of Henry Clay.
Some wiseacres have attempted to connect this honest expres-
sion of personal attachment with ulterior political views. I can
assure you 'the movement' as they call it has nothing to do with
the next Presidency. Whatever course the friends of Mr Clay
may take with reference to that, you know them well enough to
know that their action cannot be transmitted. If they choose
to nominate him all the powers of earth & hell could not pre-
vent them and if they have no such active idea at this time
nothing half so sure to bring it forth as opposition- come the
latter from whatever quarter it may. Denunciation, intimida-
tion, meanance or threats will as sure, as there is a God in
Heaven place Henry Clay in the field again with or without
Regular Nomination & utterly regardless of his assent or dis-
sent— Men cannot be dragooned like horses to wheel into or
out of line at the word of command or tap of the drum — I have
never met any class of men so hard to curb as the Young Men
of New York, none so easy to direct, guide & lead by argument
backed by kindness. Coax them and they can be moulded, so
the request be reasonable & right- all the inmates of Pandemo-
nium can not drive them. I believe the question of the next
Presidency is yet to be determined. It is a thing of chance &
conjecture and the result will be mainly reached through cir-
cumstance & that present design would be as brittle as pipe clay.
"Enough for the day is the evil thereof."
You will I hope in no wise be guided in coming here or not
coming by any remarks or assertions made by these *would-be-
conscience-keepers-of-the-Party.' They and their ordinary course
is beneath contempt- We feel that their day has been & is past
»^See above D. Francis Bacon to W. P. Mangum. March 28, 1846.
Paul Carrington Cameron, 1808-1891. Mangum was tutor of Paul Cameron while
reading law under his father, Judge Duncan Cameron. From the oil portrait by William
Garl Browne, painted in 1887, in the possession of the Dialectic Society at the Uni-
versity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
The Mangum Papers 423
forever- Their power is gone and the 'Young Men' of New York
are their own men- the instruments & tools of no faction-
ready to do battle whenever 'the trumpet' calls them forth
For yourself personally & politically they have warm affec-
tion & regard, and being on the Com®. I know the feelings which
induced them to ask you here- and they will regret that any
circumstances should prevent your presence here- but they would
be grieved indeed if any feeling on your part, that yourself &
others were by your presence at a personal festival to be used
for a political movement, should deter you from coming to New
York & being in person & spirit present with them at the social
Board
Faithfully
Yr friend & sert,
N. Carroll
WPM-LC
Louis Thompson^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
U. S. Frigate Potomac, Very Cruz, Mexico, April 9th 1846
Most Respected & esteemed Sir
Mr. Mangum
Once more I take the liberty of writing to you and hope that
This may find you enjoying good health it may surprize you to
find me writing so far out of the country in so short a time since
I wrote you from New York although at the time I left New
York, I was doing very well indeed and getting $25 per month,
and was there in charge about eight months and part of the
remaining four months I was in England and the old countrys
Mr. Mangum. You will please excuse me for troubling you
with this statement but I feel it a duty I owe you as you have
always shown so much kindness towards me as well as to pro-
mote my welfare that I have resolved within myself, to com-
municate the same to you whereever I go or whatsomever my
employment may be. I shall always write to you I hope you
will grant me that permission.
"See above, 37.
424 State Department of Archives and History
Capt. Aulick received orders for the Frigate potomac. and
wrote to new york for me and I came Immediately on as far
as Baltimore, and finding there was no conveyance from Wash-
ington to norfolk. I taken the baltimore route to norfolk and
arrived in norfolk on the day he appointed. My pay here is 24
dollars per month and out of that I have left enough sufficiently
to school my children, the balance I believe I can save up to a
dollar. Our cruze is said to be short about six or eight months,
and by next winter I am in hopes to be in Washington, please
make my humble respects to Mr. Crittenden. Govr. Morehead.
and Mr Barrow, as a token of my gratitude I should be much
pleased if the Judge would be so kind as to forward my Mothers
letters on to me that she may write to me and one line from
the Judge, would afford me more pleasure than any thing else
in the world. I have taken the liberty of enclosing a letter for
my mother, therefore I feel myself under many obligations
With great respect Believe me dear Sir your devoted Servant
[Addressed:] Louis Thompson.
Hon. Wilie P. Mangum [Post marked : ]
U. S. Seante Pensacola Apr 27
Washington, Dist Columbia,
U. States.
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to D. Francis Bacon.^^
Washington City 10th. April 1846.
My dear Sir.
I received in due course of mail, your letter inviting me to
be present at a dinner to be given in your City by the friends
of Mr. Clay in honor of the anniversary of his birthday, and as
a testimonial of their abiding respect, & affection for that great
& good man. — I had hoped that the condition of the public busi-
ness before the Senate would admit of my availing myself of this
occasion to visit your great City : & to meet a body of Whigs who
^''This is a rough draft in Mangum's handwriting. It is a reply to D. Francis Bacon's letter to
W. P. Mangum, March 28, 1846.
The Mangum Papers 425
have not only deserved but commanded the respect of the whole
Country.
Such however, is the important character of pending ques-
tions, that I dare not leave my post. I am constrained there-
fore to deny myself the pleasure of participating with the im-
perial guard of the Whig party, in testifying their respect for
the man who above all others, has clustering around him the
confidence & the affections of the intelligent & patriotic portions
of his Countrymen & whose name & whose deeds will descend
to posterity with a lustre neither enhanced nor diminished by
the giving or the withholding of the first official station. — His
history constitutes a large portion of our National renown en-
during, ineffaceable, perpetual which as the tooth of time will
spare, may defy the fangs & the poison of detraction & Cal-
umny.—
Be pleased my dear Sir, to make known to those whom you
represent my acknowledgements & my profound sense of the
honor they have done me, & accept for yourself
the assurance of my high
respect & Mo. friendly regards
Willie P. Mangum
To Dr. D. Francis Bacon.
WPM-LC
John Cameron[? ]^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
HiLLSBORo: 23d April, 1846 —
My dear Friend
After having jolted about from Pillar to post the major part
of the winter, until I was thoroughly sick, sore, & sorry, at the
bare idea of locomotives or locomotion, I have at length set
seriously to work, to endeavour to effect what you so earnestly
impressed & urged upon me last Fall; namely: the getting into
my hands the means of circumventing the Locofocos & thereby
securing to myself much personal emolument, & to the Whigs
great glory.
^See above. III, 4n.
426 State Department of Archives and History
In other words I have made formal propositions to the con-
trollers of the Whig press in Raleigh, agreeing for a reasonable
number of half pence, by w^ay of compensation, to do all the
political drudgery, as w^ell as take all the kicks, and cuffs, which
make up the ordinary allowance of a political editor. So far
the idea seems to take very well! Our friends so many as I
have seen of them, seem pleased with the project, & flatter me,
that although not of much value now, I will improve & in time
both draw well & carry a gay head in the harness- I have written
to Clingman & to Guion^^ in the western part of the State, re-
questing an expression of opinion from them as to the amount
of encouragement likely to be obtained up there. It is necessary
I find that we should have some data of the kind to be guided
by, as the times are so hard, that otherwise the editorial gentle-
men would not find it to their interest probably, to make such
an offer, as could with prudence be accepted.
Graham has given to some extent, & promises his further aid,
the active young whigs about Raleigh are clear for it! You
must write to some of them & stir them up. get Barringer too
to write to some of his leading friends & Dockery & James Gra-
ham, urging them on in the cause; & request them, if possible
to obtain for me some estimate of the amount of additional aid
to be procured in their respective districts, to a press in Raleigh,
whose tone & temper may entitle it to be considered as the Organ
of the Whig party. I have taken the liberty of using your
name, as my friend & adviser; & in as much as at your instance
I have aimed my head at the stone wall. I shall certainly ex-
pect your assistance either in getting through safely, or butting
my brains out gallantly. The negotiation for the present is
pending with Lemay,^^ though I believe now, it could be more
favourably, & readily effected with Gales, ^^^ ^'entre nous'') & if
it can be done, I think it would be better, in as much as it is
easier certainly to increase the circulation of a paper already
established, with a large patronage, than to give a sufficient cir-
culation to one which has to be built up almost from the begin-
ning.
My only difficulty now, in effecting an arrangement imme-
diately, is the absence of any proof that the Whig party, as a
°**He refers to Thomas L. Clingman and Haywood W. Guion.
®®Thomas J. Lemay was editor of the Raleigh Siar at this time,
loo^eston R. Gales published the Raleigh Register.
The Mangum Papers 427
party, will certainly take the matter in hand, & just as soon as
I can obtain a sufficient expression of opinion from leading men
in the State to establish that fact, I will have the matter going
in less than a month.
I know there is great & general dissatisfaction throughout
the State at the present State of affairs, nor do I flatter myself
that the satisfaction would be any greater. Should I come in-
to the administration, unless my own crude efforts be assisted
from time to time, by the various talent with which the Whig
party abounds. The main advantages which will accrue to us
are these. In the first place there is nothing in the whole course
of my career, upon which the enemy can lay hands, as an ex-
cuse for affecting to doubt the purity of my sentiments, or for
attempting to invalidate the truth of my Statements. I have
never been anything but a Whig! & I have only been before
the public long enough, to make it perfectly apparent, that I
was one without shadow of turning. Even Democrats have
given me credit for being honest, & stating nothing but my real
sentiments! So that if fairly upheld & put forward by the leaders
of our party, the editorial columns of the journal, no matter by
whom written out, would be subjects of faith to one side, &
could only be effectually attacked by the other, in a fair & legit-
imate manner, as against an adversary of acknowledged can-
dour, all shuffling, & rascality would only in the end recoil upon
themselves, making their own men doubtful, & the winningL?]
of ours firm.
In speaking to our friends in Washington, do not I pray,
let your personal partiality induce you to draw such a picture
of my merits, as will only lead to disappointment upon a per-
sonal interview. I am nothing you know but a good Whig, pos-
sessing but few qualifications, & rusty in the exercise of them
devoted however to the cause, & ready if it is desired to bear
its flag through good or evil report, from this time forth! The
mail is about closing, & I must spur up my pen, which has been
travelling already at such a rate, that I am afraid you will be
unable to read. I wish you would write to Clingman & such
others as you may think it expedient to address, also drop me
a line expressive of your sentiments & so worded, that you
would not be averse to its being shown to a few friends.
428 State Department of Archives and History
I suppose you have had news from Dial's Creek since I
have? Our friends here are all v^ell, the Small Pox or w^hat-
ever it was, is dying out; & all hands are revelling in the luxury
of nothing to do, & nothing to eat! I saw Graham a few days
ago he was in fine health & fine spirits. I am afraid however
if our friends are not more active, that he will be disappointed
as to the result in Orange. Old Allison & the Locos are working
the wires all the time in Secret, while we are not certain that
one of our men will run. I would be glad, Waddell would con-
sent, though J cannot urge him knowing his situation. If he will
take the lead, the rest will all follow! Remember me to my
friend Jeames the President, & tell him if perfectly convenient
I will go as Minister to Chaney [sic'] be Consul at Gibralter or
enact the part of Great Plenipotentiary at the Court of the Grand
Turk.
Present my regards to Barringer &c. & believe me ever
Yrs. truly & sincerely
J. Cam.
[John Cameron?]
WPM-LC
A. H, Shepperd^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Good Spring Apl. 26, 1846
The Hon W P Mangum
Dear Sir
As my Representative is rather busy in attending to his
peculiar friends, may I ask the favour of you to procure and
send me the last compilation of the pension laws &c embracing
the decisions of the Commrs. & attorney Genl upon the various
questions that have arisen: such a compilation I perceive has
been published by order of Congress & many extra copies di-
rected to be published. If you cannot procure a copy in the
Senate perhaps some friend in the House would oblige you.
How is the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions ?^^2 Does he recognize & relish the striking likeness of him-
i"iSee above, I, 16n.
i°2William Allen, of Ohio, a Democrat, was chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign AflFairs.
The Mangum Papers 429
self which has been painted in such vivid & lasting colours by
the Senator from Kentucky? — No news here & nothing do I
ever hear except from the news papers from Washington. 1
suppose Graham can beat two Democrats, although one would
I think be an overmatch for him — Is he not a singular standard
bearer for the party that sustains the Tariff principles of the
Act of 1842^^^ - Why, I pray you has he never even offered an
apology for his course in the Senate on the subject of the Tariff,
I mean not his opposition to the law as it passed, that he has
justified mainly on the ground that it surrendered distribution,
yet who does not know that the bill vetoed by Tyler & which
preserved distribution was the great Whig measure of the ses-
sion- This the Govr, also voted against. Why I repeat has he
never noticed in any way the reasons of his action on this bill? —
He will have to do so in the coming campaign- Untill quite
lately I thought of continuing in private life but recently I have
thought seriously of becoming a candidate for the Genl. As-
sembly.—
I am Dr. Sir
Very respy
Yrs A. H. Shepperd
Should you have a spare copy of your Speech would be glad
to have it. A.H.S.
[Addressed : ]
To/
The Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Senate of the U. S.
Washington
D. C.
•a^°^W' ^' ^'^^^^ ^*s Opposed to protection, but for party reasons he gave lip service to the
tarm. Statement of Dr. J. G. de R. Hamilton, University of North Carolina, who is editing the
Wilham A. Graham Papers. See also A. H. Shepperd to W. P. Mangum. May 20. 1846.
430 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
L. D. Dewey^^^ to Willie P. Mangum
New York April 27- 1846
Hon Senator Mangum,
Sir,
Permit me to renew a request made in a letter of
March 2^, that you would favor me with an "opinion" of the
importance of the bible and the Sabbath, to be published in
connection with the "Advice" of chief Justice Hale to his chil-
dren and like opinions from other distinguished Americans, for
the benefit of our youth. The great influence which the em-
inence of their names will impart to such a work, makes it very
desirable to obtain such opinions, and I am happy to say that
already a hearty response with much commendation of the
plan has been received from very respectable sources. I ex-
press the more freely my wish and hope to receive a tribute to
so good an object from your pen. If your many duties will ad-
mit of bestowing but a few lines they will be greatly appreciated,
as they will have much influence. A few strong words, or
page or two of your warm testimony in favor of the virtue and
true honor which it is the design of the bible and the sabbath
to promote, will, thus sent forth, bear on the best interests of
our youth in our country for years and years to come.
If received in the course of May it will be in season.
Respectfully yours
L. D. Dewey
WPM-LC
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum.
New York 28th. April 1846.
My dear Sir
I congratulate you, your friends, and all the good people,
of the nation, that you have at last, settled this Oregon "foot-
lo^L. D. Dewey was a New York publisher who in 1831-1834 published the New York Whig.
Fox. New York City Newspapers, 1820-1850, 115.
The Mangum Papers 431
ball," so far as the Senate, & House, are at present concerned.^^^
And now we shall see, what Mr. 54.40, one day, & 49.50, the
next, will say, or do.
Permit me Sir, to call your attention, one moment, to the
Sub Treasury,^^*^ which is about, to be fixed upon us. I beseech
you, to strive, to put off, the specie clause,^^*^ to the 1st. of July
1847, the one half of it. The other half, to the 1st of July 1848,
which will be only 4. months, before the Presidential election,
and then, if you don't lick, "the rascals, naked through the" na-
tion, then, I can't see, one atom ahead. Provided always, you
take, that good & popular citizen, of Ohio, John McLean, for
your candidate. The Whigs, if they desire to gain the ascend-
ancy, and keep it too, in the U. S. must either, change their
views, or their leaders,. For, where so many, emphatically
truisms, can be said, of such a distinguished man, as Henry
Clay; the rabble, the great mass, the floating, dirty, drunken
population, of this free country, will always have a thousand,
tens of thousand, falsehoods, and lies, to tell of this, and against
this, American orator, & statesman. The whigs generally, as a
party, rely too much, on the respectability of their candidates,
the intelligence of the people, and the justness of their cause,.
You had at the last election, all the elements of success, in your
own hands, but your people, were so cock sure, of triumphing,
that the voters, were presumed to vote, who never came to the
polls, but would come, had they been draged there, as the dem-
ocrats, haul their creatures, to the hustings, on election days.
Bonaparte, never won a battle, by presumption. There is another
reason, why Mr. Clay, should not be the Whig Candidate, in 48.
having a view to success. It is predicted, by those who pretend
to know, that the abolition vote, in 48. will be nearly, or quite,
l/6th. of the whole electoral vote, of the U. States, say 45.
votes, that might defeat any Candidate, but more especially one,
from a slave state. Mr Calhouns friends here, are thinking, of
bringing him forward, as a candidate, but the same facts, stare
io50n February 9. the House of Representatives passed the resolution authorizing the President
to " 'cause notice to be given' to Great Britain that the convention of 1827 would be abrogated at
the end of twelve months." The Senate changed it to authorize the President to give notice " 'at his
discretion.' " McCormac, James K. Polk, 592-600.
i<^In his message to Congress, December 2, 1845, Polk advocated the reestablishment of the
Independent Treasury which had been abolished in 1841 by the Whigs. Polk's supporter, Dromgoole,
of Virginia, introduced a bill on March 30. 1846. calling for building fireproof vaults for safe keep-
ing of public money. Under the bill only specie would be accepted in payment of government obli-
gations. With minor changes the bill passed the House April 2 and the Senate August 1. McCormac,
James K. Polk. 669-672.
i"^The Senate added a clause postponing for six months the proviso requiring payment of gov-
ernment obligations in specie. McCormac, James K. Polk, 672.
432 State Department of Archives and History
him in the face, as well as Mr. Clay. But Sir, just so sure, as
your people bring out, fairly before the American people, Mr.
McLean of Ohio, just so sure, your party, are in the ascendant
and I know, he will have one of the most profound & respectable
Cabinets, this nation ever had, I will not except, James Monroe's.
May you, and I, live to see this, & much more good, meeted
out, to our great & growing country, and your health & hap-
piness, in particular, shall be my constant & devout prayer.
Most truly your friend
J. B. Mower
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington,
D. C.
WPM-LC
John Cameron to Willie P. Mangum.
HiLLSBORo: 7th. May 1846—
My dear Friend
Permit me to put my right foot foremost & return you my
sincere thanks, with all the genuflexions of a truly oriental
salaam, for that copy of Fremont, both on account of the work
itself, & as evidence of your kind recollection. I wish it was in
my power to send you something in the way of news or fun
that would afford you half as much satisfaction, in return.
But the truth is that as far as incident is concerned a man
had as well be shut up in an iron cage, or wander thro the alleys
of some city of the dead, as frequent the promenades of our
sombre little burg: The Small Pox has been declared *'hors du
combat," by the descendants of Dr. Hornbook, but though re-
lieved from our apprehensions, we are not yet freed from the
The Mangum Papers 433
inconveniences, incident to a knowledge of its presence. The
country folk are still too much alarmed to bring us in anything
to eat, & in a general way.
Our only dependence to keep us all frisky.
Is Salt hog & turnip tops, washed down with whiskey.
So far as our county politics are concerned, we are still
somewhat at a loss. All the Old Whig candidates will run again
I think with the exception of Waddell, unless Pratt's^^^ health
should render it impossible for him to go through the fatigues
of the campaign, in which case James Patterson is spoken of
to fill his place. In the Senate it will be either Holt, Mebane
or Faucett. I am sorry that Waddell can't make it convenient
to run; as I should then look upon the Senate as certain, as
even old Santa Ann acknowledged that they have no body to
watch him, & his Superiority is so generally admitted, that I
do not believe, that they could organise anything like an ef-
ficient opposition. With the others the thing is at least doubt-
ful, though either of them, I think ought to beat Berry. The
Locos will run Berry Sid, Smith Bill Patterson. Patterson Mc-
Dade & somebody else I dont know who: McDade is spoken of
as the most dangerous, as he is very popular at Chapel Hill &
will very likely cripple our vote there a good deal as far as he
himself is concerned, which with the party vote will probably
put him ahead of the rest of his Squad. I can hardly think there
is any danger to be apprehended from the rest, if our men will
only exert themselves; but the Clerk's Office is doing its prittiest,
& the wires of the Loco foco Telegraph have been vibrating
for a week or two. Such a laying of heads together, such plan-
ning & arranging has not been seem for some time. They in-
tend to carry the County if they possibly can, so as to have
the call in the Selection of a member of Congress, which dis-
tinguished position, the present Solicitor, would have no ob-
jection to holding, as I am informed.
If he should cut Sid out, there will be heart burnings in the
Wigwam certain. In the Sheriff's election Nichols^^^ says that he
lo^in Orange the Whig candidate for the state senate was Hugh Waddell. Dr. M. W. Holt, Giles
Mebane, C. F. Faucett, and John Leathers were the Whig candidates for the lower house. The Demo-
crats nominated John Berry for the senate and William Patterson, H. McDade, Sidney Smith and
William N. Pratt for the lower house. Waddell, Mebane, Faucett, Leathers and Sidney Smith were
eleaed. Raleigh Register, June 2, 1846; Hillsborough Recorder, June 4, August 13. 1846.
io«poj. sheriflf of Orange County, the Democrats nominated James C. Turrentine and the Whigs
Richeson Nichols. Turrentine was elected. Hillsborough Recorder, August 13, 1846.
434 State Department of Archives and History
certainly will be elected though I believe he is the only one
w^ho is satisfied of the fact.
It w^ill be a fair race between them, Nichols pledging him-
self to withdraw the minute a Loco foco takes the field. Our
friends are all well! Your Nephew Wm.^^^ is about to take a
wife tis said, from our Judge Bailey's family; though when the
affair is to come off is not known.
He has bought the carriage & horses, & the sugar plums so
I suppose it cant be many months off. Perhaps you may go
home in time for the frolic.
Poor fellow his lassie ought to be kind to him, for he was
very much shocked at poor Mitchells death, to whom he was
as much attached I believe as he could be to any one; & a little
affection now, kindly displayed would go a great way with
him. I have heard nothing from West or East yet, & Lemay I
understand wont move until he has some inkling of what the
harvest is to be :
Mrs. C- sends her respects & says that as we are a little
nearer down town than we were, she hopes to have the pleasure
of seeing you sometimes, when next you come among us. I sup-
pose you received my letter by Robin Jones: Write me if you
have leisure, & believe me ever
Yrs very truly
Jno. Cameron
To
Hon: W. P. Mangum.
Bring all the money home from Washington that you can, for
scarcely [?] the cent is there here to be had.
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum
Washington City, 11*^. May 1846.
My dear Love.
I have not written to you for a long time, as every week, I
supposed, I would get off the next, for home — . And now I in-
^"He refers to Mangum's nephew-in-law, William Cain, who married Sarah Jane Bailey, daugh-
ter of John L. Bailey, July 21, 1848. Hillsborough Recorder, July 23, 1848.
The Mangum Papers 435
tend it, as soon as possible- for, from appearances, no correct
notion can be formed, when we shall probably get away from
this place.- We are getting into, or have got into, a War with
Mexico - & I fear, that may bring War with G. Britain.
I know not what ought to be done with the administration-
They deserve any & all sorts of punishment.
I have not enjoyed scarcely any health this Spring.- I was
confined ten or twelve days with severe bilious fever, brought
on by cold.- I have not been well since- I was confined in April.-
To leave here for a fortnight would I think, be useful to me-
I have received a letter from Sally- I will write to her.-
I have nothing to write, except to say, I am in ill health &
spirits.-
I do not intend to come to Congress any longer than my
term, even, if so long. Were it in my power to come by unan-
imous vote.
I hope to see you all soon.-
In the meantime, give my Love to the Children & believe me
as ever
Your affectionate husband
W. P. Mangum.
I had hoped to leave here this Week. The news on Saturday
night from the Mexican frontier make that impossible. & when -
I cannot say —
WP. M.
Mrs. C. A. Mangum
WPM-LC
Elipht. NoW^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Union College May 15th 1846.
Dear Sir
Having been somewhat conversant, from my position and oc-
cupation as a teacher and experimenter, with many of the im-
provements which have been introduced during the last half
"^Eliphalet Nott, 1773-1866, a Presbyterian minister, was president of Union College in New
York for sixty-two years. In addition to his work as a minister and college president, he made a
number of inventions involving heat. D. A. B., XIII, 580-581. This letter was L.S., not A.L.S.
436 State Department of Archives and History
century, and which have so greatly contributed to the multi-
plication of the Comforts, and the amelioration of the Condition
of the human race; and feeling a deep interest in v^hatever con-
cerns the grov^th and glory of our own Country - I have thought
that perhaps I might be justified in addressing a few lines to
some of the leading members of Congress, in relation to a
Marine instrument recently introduced called the "Sectional
Dock" and which in my judgement is destined ultimately to
change the method of raising vessels not only, but also of laying
them up and repairing and launching them: And which, if
this be so deserves the attention of Congress especially during
a season when there is time and means for making such changes
and improvements in our Marine instruments as the advanced
state of science and practical skill may be found to call for.
It would not be easy without drawing nor is my purpose to
attempt to convey by letter an account of the instrument in
question - but by an expression of opinion to bespeak your at-
tention to its merits, when the question of appropriations for
Dry Docks shall come before you - an instrument in the intro-
duction of which every maratime nation has an interest- For
were the exposure of the hull of a vessell for inspection clean-
ing and repair, alone in question, the Sectional dock would, I
apprehend, on account of the diminished expense it occasions
as well as the increased Convenience and Safety it affords -
Supersede the use of each and all the other Docks hitherto
known to the public But there are other and very important
naval purposes to which this instrument may be successfully
applied - and this being the case it is very important at a time
like the present, that the attention of those charged with the
care of the public interests should be directed to an examination
of the question - and the object of this letter is to bespeak in
its behalf that attention - and this is done under a full belief of
its claim to superiority over every instrument of the kind
hitherto in use- And should it be so, your influence in favour
of its adoption will I doubt not be secured - and should it not
be so, it is not desired
It is because I have thought the public interest might be
materially promoted by inviting leading minds to an examina-
tion of the marine instrument in question - that I have taken
The Mangum Papers 437
the liberty to do what might otherwise appear not only uncalled
for but obtrusive
I have only to add that I am with Sentiments of respect &
esteem
Yours &c.
Elipht. Nott.
[Addressed : ]
To the Honourable
Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senator
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
Fahius Stanly^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York
May 16 /46
Dear Sir
War has been declared. Our country will soon look to the
actions of her officers, I have an innate feeling - long kept
quiet - that desires duty fraught with difficulty, teeming with
danger.
Experience assures me that I am calm and decisive in
danger, competent in professional emergencies.
The time has arrived, when I hope, I can solicit your in-
fluence, as a Senator from N Carolina - to obtain for me a com-
mand will need no apology.
There will doubtless be many small vessels fitted out for
the West Indies and the Pacific Ocean. I believe it my duty, as
it is my highest ambition to command one of them.
I remain-
Your Obt'. Serf.
Fabius Stanly
Hon.
Judge Mangum.
"^Unable to identify.
438 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
A. H. Shepperd to Willie P. Mangum.
Good Spring May 20 - 46
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
My dear Sir
I have too long delayed tendering you my thanks for your
prompt attention to my request for a Document, which I have
received accompanied v^ith Capt. Fremonts Book — This journal
carries with it the strongest evidence of the truth of the narra-
tive from the remarkable absence of all grouping of extraordi-
nary & startling occurrences, & that too in the midst of a wilder-
ness abounding with Mountains Indians & Buffaloes- Oh what
a book a real Yankee would have made out of such a tromp-
You speak of Candidates for the Presidency, for myself I am
strongly inclined to go for Benton as the best man among them.
No one of the Whig party can come it - & we must look amongst
the enemy — If Scott would not straddle & swagger so much
like a Virginian he might get along tolerably well, McLean's
Methodistical cant might help him somewhat but really. My
Dr. Sir what task or inclination can the Whigs have for suc-
cess even if it were practicable with this that or the other
make shift of a Candidate when by a fair experiment they have
established the fact of the nations unwillingness to be governed
by one, who was prepared to reflect the highest honor on that
once most exalted station — I say again why should we think of
a contest with such a candidate as we must now look about for
among the whigs-
Let the thought be at once utterly abandoned & let us all
unite for Benton. Calhoun is certainly doing his prettiest this
session, now & then however, I find him splitting hairs about
internal improvement, & on that subject he has dodged & bun-
gled more than any other, trying to get away from himself. —
Your anticipation seems to be quickly realized for it seems
that we are already at war with Mexico - what will Polk do?
surely in the midst of all his apparent purposes of bravery in
a fight with somebody he never could seriously have thought of
doing so far I cannot be mistaken in believing that so great is
the timidity of his character he would feel alarm for his per-
The Mangum Papers 439
sonal safety if the seat of war was not Isicl nearer than Mexi-
co.—
I regret having mentioned to you my apprehension as to
the result of a single contest in our State for Governor: it
would be truly mortifying to the whigs to fail in a single con-
test with either of the individuals spoken of as the Democratic
Candidate & such a fate I sincerely pray may not await us —
I spoke of Mr. Grahams vote on the Tariff^^^- do not understand
me as objecting so much to the vote as to his course before the
public on the subject- In all his addresses he has merely said
that he voted against the Tariff as it passed & became the law
assigning for reason first that some of the duties were too high,
& its surrender of distribution & alleging that if his amendment
to restore distribution had been seconded he would have gone
for it, yet but a few days before he had voted against the great
whig measure for raising revenue & at the same time preserv-
ing distribution &c &c - the reasons, all the reasons that the
Governor has ever given for voting against Tylers tariff would
have seemed to require his support of the first Bill: that too he
voted against, but has taken care to allude only to his course
on that which became the law by obtaining the signature of
the President. - But enough - He can & must beat such candi-
dates as the Democracy are able to bring out.
I shall be glad to hear from you if it be but a line. Do
mention me to Crittenden Morehead & Barrow. I am yr. friend
&c
A. H. Shepperd
[Addressed to : ]
Hon Willie P. Mangum
U S Senate
Washington
"3See above A. H. Shepperd to W. P. Mangxun, April 26. 1846.
440 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
James S. RusselV^'' to Willie P. Mangum.
Berea May 22 1846
Dear Sir
I am again candidate in Granville and v^e shall no doubt
have a desperate contest, and as I have become somewhat
rusty in political matters, I am driven therefore to request of
you the favour to send me such documents and other informa-
tion as in your opinion w^ill best enable me to conduct a cam-
paign. Sub Treasury Tariff and Oregon questions w^ill be dis-
cussed, in Granville, together v^ith such subjects as may arise
between now and the adjournment of Congress whatever ex-
pence may attend your compliance with this request, you will
please inform me
Yours Respectfully
Jas. S. Russell
Berea
Granville Cty
N. Carolina
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington City.
WPM-LC
James Lynch^^^ et als. to Willie P. Mangum,
New York, May 22«^. 1846
Sir
On the 20th. instant, a meeting was held in this city in the
Park, in pursuance of a call from the Mayor addressed to the
citizens of the City and County of New York to respond to the
action of the National Government in relation to our difficulties
"^Jaraes S. Russell was a member of the legislature in 1840-1841, and 1846-1847. N. C.
Manual, 623, 624.
^^ James Lynch, who graduated from Columbia College in New York in 1799 and who died in
1853, was a lawyer and justice of the Marine Court of New York City. M. H. Thomas, Columbia
Unwersity Officers and Alumni 1754-1837, New York, 1936, 118.
The Mangum Papers 441
with Mexico: At a preliminary meeting a Committee had been
appointed, composed of distinguished members of each of the
political parties to make arrangements and prepare Resolutions,
the Officers of the meeting were selected from the several
parties and some of the whig officers attended under the im-
pression that the Resolutions were to be limited to the expres-
sion of an opinion that as War existed, it was the duty of every
good citizen to sustain the administration in measures necessary
to bring the same to a successful termination, and particularly
to reinforce the army on the Rio Grande. When the Resolutions
were read to the meeting it was discovered with surprise that
they justified the existing war^^^ on the ground that submission
to the wrongs to which our country had been subjected by the
authorities of Mexico would be deemed pusillanimous by the
civilized world, and that it was declared in the Resolutions that
the War is just and necessary. It can hardly be necessary to
say to you that the Whigs of the City of New York unan-
imously do not concur in those sentiments, and the question
is now presented as to the expediency of a formal public dec-
laration to that effect at this moment. The Whig General Com-
mittee have had the subject under consideration and have ap-
pointed the undersigned a Committee to consult some of our
leading friends in Congress.
There are some amongst our Whig friends who are unwill-
ing to remain for a moment under the imputation that the
Whig party have concurred in the Resolutions referred to, and
are anxious without delay to call a public meeting, for the
purpose of expressing their dissent, whilst others on the score
of expediency would prefer to await the further action of our
friends in Congress, and the further progress of the events on
the Rio Grande, on the ground that there are strong symptoms
of a lurking dissatisfaction among the friends of the administra-
tion which will probably be soon developed; as well against the
measures which have produced collision, as against the in-
efficient manner in which the military movements have been
conducted, in addition to which the class of our friends last
ii^Many Whigs had insisted that annexation would lead to war, and their opposition had been
put on that ground. They held that war was unnecessary and was brought on by the rashness of Polk.
On the day of Polk's war message, the House of Representatives passed a resolution with a preamble
which asserted that by "aa of the Republic of Mexico a state of war exists." In the Senate the Whigs
and Calhoun objected to this preamble. They held that war did not exist until Congress acted.
Mangum declared, in the course of the debate, that if the Democrats would separate the political ques-
tion from the bill for supplies, money, and troops, the Whigs would support it. Wiltse, Calhoun:
Sectiondist, 282-284; McCormac. James K. Polk. 415-416; Pegg, "Whig Party in N. C," 237-238.
442 State Department of Archives and History
mentioned, apprehend that in the excitement at a public meet-
ing there is danger that some ardent friends might express
opinions which would be unpopular and might tend to re-unite
the friends of the administration.
Having viewed with great satisfaction the course taken by
our friends in Congress on this War question and being under
the impression that you have well considered what should
hereafter be done, we should be much gratified to have the
benefit of your advice on this occasion at your earliest con-
venience, as it is not improbable that the action of the Whig
party in this City may have a considerable effect upon our
friends in other parts of this State.
We have the honor
to be Most Respectfully
Your Obt. Servts.
James Lynch Chm
M. L. Davis
John Cromwell
James S. Thayer
James Brooks
To the Hon.
Willie P Mangum
WPM-LC
Thomas G. PoW'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Holly Springs, Miss - pi
Honble. W. P. Mangum.
My Dear Sir.
I renew an old No. Ca. acquaintance by asking a favour
from your hands, which I hope will be granted if consistent with
your feelings.
The last Washington papers, brought us the Presidents Mes-
sage & the Bill for the increase of the Army, as well as the ap-
propriation for its support — True to the principles of my fore-
i"See above, II, 340n.
The Mangum Papers 443
fathers, I stop not to enquire by what means this War has been
brought upon us - by whom - or for what purpose- It is sufficient
for me to know that the country is at War, and I am anxious to
enter into the service in defence of her honor & the maintenance
of her rights. May I then ask, if consistent with your feelings,
& a knowledge of who I am, that you would with other friends
to whom I have written place my name before the President
for the appointment of Brigadier General — I have written to
Haywood - Speight & Chalmers & some others — Some of my
friends have voluntarily written to the Secty of the Treasury
& I learn also the President —
I should be pleased if you would speak to Mr. Calhoun, with
whom I have an acquaintance & also to Mr. Benton who may
possibly recollect me - at least he will know who I am. Take
what course you may deem advisable & you will confer a favour
on your very
Sincere friend &
obt. Sevt.
Thos. G. Polk
[Addressed : ]
Honbl. W. P. Mangum
Senate
Washington City.
WPM-LC
O. F, Long^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
HiLLSBORO May 25th, 1846
Dear Sir
Long. Webb & Co have purchased and fitted up the Union
Hotel and as we intend the House, shall be first rate, we wish
to have some of the leading Journals of the country. You will
therefore confer a favour on us. by calling at the office of the
**Nat: Intelligencer" & "The Union" and request them to send
i^^smond Fitz Long, 1808-1864, a graduate of the University of North Carolina and a native
of Randolph County, studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. After marrying Frances
Helen Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, in 1832, he moved to HiUsboro, where he associated
with his father-in-law in his many businesses. Carolina Watchman, Oaober 13. 1832; Grant. Alumni
Hist, of U. N. C, 375.
444 State Department of Archives and History
their tri-weekly papers to the ''Union Hotel, Hillsboro, No Ca"
- and you will confer a further favour by paying the subscrip-
tion to each for one year v^hich v^e will settle on your return —
We expect to bring out our candidates this week. As usual
the Whigs are Blundering about. Nobody knows what we will
do for candidates- The Democrats are well prepared for the con-
test^ ^^- Capt. Berry will be their candidate for the senate - Sid
Smith & some kindred spirits in the commons- Rick Nichols has
a foolish notion of trying to be Sheriff and I fear will injure the
whig cause
Yours Respectfully
O. F. Long
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Washington City.
Willie P. Mangum to the Secretary of the Navy^^^
Senate Chamber 27*^. May 1846
To The Hon: Secretary of the Navy.
Sir.
I enclose to you a letter addressed to me by M''. Creecy/^^
in behalf of his son.
I have learned, that the administration has taken a proper
interest in the officers of the late Texan Navy, & therefore do
all that is proper on my part, by refreshing your recollection by
simply inviting your attention to the subject.
During the past Winter, I received several communications
in regard to young M"". Creecy, in all of which he is represented
as a young man of Spirit & much promise.
I am Sir with much respect
Your Ob*. Ser*.
Willie P. Mangum
iieSee above John Cameron to W. P. Mangum, May 7, 1846.
i^^he original is in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
"^See above J. R. Creecy to W. P. Mangum, January 10, 1846. The enclosure here referred
to was not found.
The Mangum Papers 445
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum.
Washington City
Thursday morning, 4th June 1846.
My dear Love,
Mr. Gordon of Guilford County will probably hand you
this.- He leaves this morning & in a few minutes, & promised
me last night, that he would endeavour to go home by our
house-
I am just out of bed & undressed to write a line — I am tol-
erably well.- My health is much better, than it was during the
latter part of the Winter & Spring. I had hoped My Love to
see you all before this time — But the follies, Wickedness & War
of this administration rendered it impossible.- I have not given
it up, - because we may be kept here a long time yet.
We ought not to leave before we settle all with England,
for two wars would almost ruin the Country.
Mr. Gordon is a plain, ingenious & worthy man. Of course,
you will treat him kindly — I send by him a few books for Sally
& Patty - & Mary & William.- He wants a copy of the Patent re-
port, & perhaps several- Give them to him.-
Give my Love to the Children.
Your affectionate husband
W. P. Mangum
Mrs. C. A. Mangum
WPM-LC
J. R. Creecy'^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New Orleans 5th June 1846
My Dear Sir
Your very kind and friendly letter of the 27th was reed, this
morning; from my heart I thank you; but of how little avail are
all my exertions, to obtain even so small a boon as I have asked
from the "powers that be! God save the Nation! To show you
^^See above J. R, Creecy to W. P. Mangum, January 10, 1846, and W. P. Mangum to the
Secretary of the Navy, May 27, 1846.
446 State Department of Archives and History
how I have been understood or misunderstood; I enclose a letter
reed, yesterday from the Honl. Secty of the Navy.^^^ My son
never w^as a Citizen of Louisiana, never expects to be; and in
my first letter to the Secty. I mentioned particularly that he
w^as a native of No. Carolina and had been for the last eleven
years a resident of Mississippi; and that he had been a mid-
shipman with Comm. Moore, 18 ms. in the Texan Navy; and
had returned from Texas (after being dismissed with Comr.
M. by Gov. Houston) to Mississippi, where he had remained,
until he came to this City and volunteered in a company from
Natchez about three weeks since, he is now at Matamoras- I do
think the "wants of the service" will require 'ere long a "few
more" appointments; and that this little favor might be granted,
to me, Mississippi or Texas, or No. Carolina, but I did not ask it
for Louisiana. —
The war has caused me to give up the idea, of publishing a
paper for the present; and under authority from Genl Gaines,
I was actively engaged in raising a Regiment for the Army of
^'Invasion/' when a damper arrived upon the old GenP. acts^-*-
and we are now in a state of most unenviable suspense and ex-
pense! I am requested to "hold on" a few days by Genl. G. in
the hope that his ''doings'' will not be finally repudiated - but
the administration appear determined to kill off the old veteran
in some way; and I have but little faith in the establishment-
The people will force the Government into the entire conquest or
occupation of Mexico; and to settle all disputes about the next
President; Genl. Scott, Mr. Polk &c &c may furl their banners,
for Genl. Z. Taylor is the man already selected for our next
chief — Excuse me for enclosing an article^-^ written by yr.
humble Sert. and published in the Jeffersonian a few days since;
^^he enclosure was not found.
i^*Oa August 2, 1845, word reached New Orleans, where General Edmund P. Gaines was in
conunand of the Western Division of the Army, that Taylor had been surrounded in Texas by the
Mexicans. Without considering the extent of his authority, Gaines immediately called on the gov-
ernor of Louisiana for two regiments of the militia. His aaion was declared illegal by the Adjutant
General, but the troops were accepted. In May, 1846, when Taylor was fired upon by the Mexicans,
Gaines requested several Southern governors to hold their forces in readiness. He also accepted vol-
unteers. Polk dismissed him June 2 and ordered a court martial. James W. Silver, Edmund Pendle-
ton Gaines: Frontier General, Baton Rouge, 1949, 258-265.
^^The enclosure was not found.
The Mangum Papers 447
it may aid in preventing Northern troops from being sent to
untimely graves in this war-
I will not take more of your time.
With best and warmest wishes
Yr friend
& much obliged
J. R. Creecy.
[Addressed : ]
For the
Honl. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
City.
Willie P. Mangum to Messrs. Gales & Seaton^^^
Senate Chamber. 6*^ June '46
To Mess". Gales & Seaton
The turn which the debate of yesterday took upon great
principles will fix men's positions to some extent. — I participated
with the view of postponing immediate action, & had to pursue a
course of remark extemely liable to be misunderstood^^^ — The
subsequent part of the debate attracted so much attention, that
I desire to see my remarks before printed. — The ''Union" makes
me express opinions, which I expressly disclaimed.
I avoided expressly expressing any opinion in advance upon
those important points afterwards so much debated.
^^The original is in the Ford Collection, New York Public Library.
^^Oti June 5, 1846, the Senate debated Cass's resolution requesting the President to inform
Congress if any army officers had called volunteers or militia organizations into the service of the
United States without legal authority. This was directed against General Gaines. Mangum took the
position that the resolution was unnecessary for the law was explicit on calling men into service and
that if Gaines had done anything wrong, it was the President's responsibility to court martial him.
Cong. Globe, 29 Cong., 1 sess., 930.
448 State Department of Archives and History
Will you do me the favor to enclose the remarks v^ritten out,
& I will return them v^henever desired.
Yours truly
W. P. Mangum
[Addressed To:]
Mess'^^ Gales & Seaton
Intell. Office
[Endorsed:] W. P. Mangum
June 6, 1846
WPM-LC
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum
New York 8. th. June 1846
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Dear Sir
It is some time since, I did myself the pleasure, to v^rite
to you, and I beg now^, that you will hear me with patience, for
I am one of the people, and I talk to you Sir, directly from
amongst them.
I have received glad tidings from afar, *'I hear from the
Mississippi river, IIP. and so on, through the "Western States"
that the people there, are determined, to take their own bus-
iness, into their own hands, and to manage it for themselves.
That the people's man, John M^^.Lean, of Ohio, is the very one,
to break down, this uproarous democracy. That they are re-
solved, that no man, shall be forced upon them, not even, in
the person of Mr. Clay. And they desire not, a ''general officer,"
to take command, of their civil concerns. The Whigs of the
West, will not support this Mexican war, of conquest; and so
says, very many of the democracy. They sigh for the day, to
arrive, when they can go to the ballot boxes, and speak through
them, to Jim Polk & C"". in this wise. Go ye into everlasting re-
tirement, thou unworthy servants, for we have had enough, of
thy misrule.
The Mangum Papers 449
I shall be most happy, to hear from you. I desire to hear
from one, who is in a position, to know, (if any one can) the
designs, of this administration, in prosecuting this mexican war,
of conquest. Is it to be a long, or a short one. Will England and
France, look on quietly, and see America, take possession, of
this rich and fertile country, and what shall we do with it, after
we have obtained it. Or, will the war be prosecuted, with vig-
our, to the end, that will cause the Mexicans, to sue for peace,
if so, I say Amen. But Mr. Senator, we say here, no war, for
conquest of territory.
I remain my dear Sir,
very sincerely your friend
J. B. Mower
Hon Willie P. Mangum)
)
U. S. Senate )
)
Washington )
)
D. C. )
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
D. C.
Willie P. Mangum & W. S. Archer to James Watson Wehh^^^
Washington City 11*^. June 1846
My dear Sir,
Mr. Archer & I think, we have reason to complain of your
Wine Merchant, in sending us Wine which we do not drink nor
can our friends be induced to drink it - I received Six boxes -
M"". Archer I think, a larger number.
i28The original is in the Ford Colleaion, New York Public Library.
450 State Department of Archives and History
I opened one on its arrival, & have not used it all - The other
five remain unopened.
It is the more unlucky for us, as our neighbour M''. J. M.
Clayton received from the same House an excellent article -
He paid one dollar more p^ doz. - As We did not mean to place
any restriction upon the price, we feel that v^e have not been
quite so w^ell treated by him. We w^ould like to return it, & re-
ceive in lieu of it next Winter, a better article, of course, in-
demnifying for any proper Cost above the price of this, v^hich
v^as $11 p'". doz.
Will you have this placed before your merchant, & be so
obliging as to advise us of his determination in this behalf?
With great respect
Yrs truly
Willie P. Mangum
Dear Sir
Mr Mangum has shewn me the above letter, and I am under
the necessity of concurring fully, in his representation as re-
gards the entirely valueless character of the wine sent me, be-
ing Mansanilla, the wine drunk by only the lowest class of
People in Andalusia, instead of Amontilliado the wine which
Mr. Mangum and myself expected, and which Mr Clayton did
receive.
I did not return the wine, because I had paid for it before
receiving it, and because a reluctance to inpose any concern
on you who I was aware had no knowledge of the Imposition we
had sustained. I do not now, wish you put to inconvenience,
though I do not regard the wine as worth a single dollar for
the entire quantity sent instead of $11. per doz.
Respectfully
Yr obt St etc.
W. S. Archer
Mr Webb.
[End:] 11 June 1846 Washington
The Mangum Papers 451
WPM-LC
Thos. J. Green to Willie P. Mangum
Phil. June 12th /46.
My Dear Friend:
You will find enclosed a faithful minature Likeness of my
brother Colonel Chas. P. Green, which I beg you to accept ;^2^
for a truer or more devoted friend you never had.
Your friend truly,
Thos. J. Green.
To
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
Washington city.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
U. S. Senate,
Washington city.
By Genl. )
)
J. T. Mason)
WPM-LC
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum
Washington City 22"**. June 1846
My dear Love
I was much pleased to receive your letter of last week. I
fear, the wheat crop is greatly injured. The City has been quite
sickly this month, not with fever, but diahrhea. I have had my
share of it, but am nearly well of it.
The weather is cold enough for the first of November.- I
have resumed my flannel.-
We shall not get away from here before the first of August. -
Others think the 20th July, but I feel sure, it will be August.
^"^Charles Plummer Green died December 1, 1843, of consumption. He was thirty- four years
old at the time of his death. I have been unable to locate this miniature of Green.
452 State Department of Archives and History
I have given up hope of seeing you all before the end of the
session- The business has been & v^ill be so important, that I
ought not to be absent.
I thank God, that War v^ith England is averted. ^^^ That
with Mexico can & ought to be speedily settled, yet v^ill it? I
fear not. There are too many objects of personal ambition &
avarice to be gratified by its continuance. We must however,
one & all fight it out, or sustain it with vigor.- I have not heard
whether [my] boy William has volunteered- I think, he is too
young, yet if Mr. Piper thinks otherwise he is a volunteer, let
him go to the War^^^
I cannot say my Love, how much I [desire] to see you & be
at home.- This session [has] in the main, been the most un-
pleasant I have ever passed here- My health for more than [torn]
of it, has been decidedly bad- & yet I have been so careful of it.-
I fear my lungs are incurably affected [torn] trip to Virginia
two years ago, I fear, [torn] shorten my life, if other causes
shall not [torn] the thread more speedily.-
Give my Love to all the children, &
believe me my dear Love,
as ever,
Your affectionate husband
Willie P. Mangum
To
Mrs. Charity A. Mangum
WPM-LC
Josiah Randall to Willie P. Mangum.
[22 June, 1846]
Dear Sir
When I saw you, you promised to be here on the 4th July,
the day is favorable & you need not be absent one hour from
the Senate. I reported you would come. The Comt. & our
i^^On June 15, 1846, Buchanan signed a rreaty with Pakenham settling the Oregon dispute.
McCormac, James K. Polk, 609-
i3iWilliam Preston Mangum was born July 13. 1837.
The Mangum Papers 453
friends expect you; I exact of course the promise that you will
stay with me- Write an answer immy.
Yours &c.
J. Randall
Phi.
June 22/46
Hbl Mr Mangum
Willie P. Mangum to Mess""'. Gales & Seaton^^^
Monday 29**^. June '46
41/2 O. C.
Gentlemen
Mr E. Johnson called to enquire this morning, whether I
knew anything of the movement intended by Mr. Mc. Duffie, &
referred to in the public prints on the subject of the Mexican
War.133
I have talked with Mr. M<^. D. - There is no foundation for
the rumor. -
I suggested, that an idea thrown out by Crittenden & others
I thought of value. -
He seemed to seize upon it, & said he w*^. urge it upon the
Pres^ -
To take some occasion, ( if he had to go out of his way to do
it in a Message) to say, that whenever he might receive satis-
factory evidence, that the Mex. Govt, desired to negotiate,
that he w^. be ready to send a mission of three or more gentle-
men, without regard to party, to negotiate a treaty of peace up-
on foundations solid & enduring, Clay, Calhoun & Benton for
ex:
It's moral effect upon the world w**. be good & show, though
at home divided upon internal policy as regard to foreign
i*The original letter is in the Ford Collection, New York Public Library.
"^At this time George McDuffie was chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
454 State Department of Archives and History
powers we were as one man, & upon grounds, liberal, generous
& magnanimous. This is all.
Yrs truly
W. P. Mangum
Messrs. Gales & Beaton
[Addressed:] To Mess". Gales & Seaton
Intell: Office
WPM-LC
Dudley Selden^^^ to Willie P. Mangum
New York July 8*^ 1846.
Dear Sir
When at Washington I did not express any opinion as to the
general merits of the Tariff Bill, My interest being confined to
the article of sugar alone, I only endeavored to give informa-
tion upon that subject, and to shew, that the enormous duty
levied upon sugar under the Act of 1842 ought to be reduced,
whether any thing was done with regard to other articles or
not. On my return here it being known that I had visited Wash-
ington a great many conversed with me with regard to the pro-
bability of the passage of McKays bill,^^^ and I have been sur-
prised to find how many of those who belong to the Whig party,
have expressed a willingness to see the new plan adopted, some
assigning as a reason that the measure coming from the South
will likely prove permanent, that nothing was more mischievous
than constant agitation of the question, and the derangements
of private interests, based upon protection, that until the
south had their own way, they would not leave the country at
rest. Others have said that if any great mischief was to arise
from the House Bill it would fall upon those who brought around
this state of things, whereby the act of 1842, was to be changed.
i^See above. III, 213n.
i^In 1844 James J. McKay, Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, tried to revise the
Whig tariflF of 1842. In 1846 he presented to the House what was later known as the Walker TariflF.
Under this bill all duties were ad valorem. Commodities were put in several groups and the rates
varied with the groups. On July 3 the House passed the bill with few changes. The Senate began
debating it on July 6. Because of the radical changes proposed. Senator Will H. Haywood, of North
Carolina, broke with the administration and resigned. His resignation made possible the passage of
the bill by the vote of 28 to 27, McCormac, James K. Polk, 672-678; Norton, Democratic Party in
N. C, 119-120.
The Mangum Papers 455
I mean those, who were engaged in various handicraft work,
most of whom by their vote manifested a preference, to a policy,
which would reduce the price of articles of consumption other
than that which will keep up a high rate of wages.
I am very desirous of knowing, whether the House bill, will
pass the Senate, for should I have reason to believe it would
pass I would order at once, a change in my present apparatus
for manufacturing sugar, with the view of bringing to the
market an improved article, and I think many other sugar
planters in Cuba from the United States will do the same
thing. If I make the change I ought to give my orders for ma-
chinery at the earliest possible day, which by the way will prove
a job for the mechanics here of some $15,000 I suppose the re-
sult of the bill, is doubtful arising out of the uncertainty of Mr.
Jarnegan and Mr. Athertons vote, and herein I assume that you
will vote against the bill.
Yours very truly and with great respect
Dudley Selden
Hon. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon^
W. P. Mangum
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
George Constantine Collins^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Philada. July 14th. 1846
Hon: Sir.
I hope it will not be considered a presumption on my part,
to drop you an occasional line, inasmuch as, your exalted sta-
tion should, and doubtless does afford you correspondents bet-
ter suited to your official dignity and literary lore. Yet from the
opinion which I formed of your attachment to those noble
principles of equality, which characterize our blessed Institu-
i36See above, 25 n.
456 State Department of Archives and History
tions, and which you have so eminently sustained in your pub-
lic life, I am emboldened to address you.
Some time since, I w^rote you a Letter respecting the dif-
ficult [y] v^hich I had to encounter since the defea[t] of our illus
[trious] Candidate in endeavouring to obtain a profession [I]
still have 5 months to put in before I shall be [a mejmber of
this Bar. Mr. Randall my Precep[tor] ha[s] been kind [to-
ward] s me, Alfred du Pont of Delaware has been [torn]er,- a
benefactor. Both of those Gentlemen [are] warmly devoted to
your interests an[d] honor. Mr. [Ran]dall told me a few days
ago, that your name [was] associated as V. P. with that of
Jud[ge] McLean of Ohio, who it is thought will be our Candi-
date for the Presidency. To this I am opposed, from this I dis-
sent. I told Mr. Randall, that you should not be placed in that
position, as your standing required perhaps the first position.
Frelinghuysen more than anything else, defeated Mr. Clay.
He was a bitter Sectarian, McLane is a little more moderate,
but the same objection lies. He is already called the psalm-
singing Candidate! I informed you in my last letter, that your
name was freely used, in connection with the Presidency.
Josiah Randall, thinks your nomination would be hailed with
popular acclamation. I am still a Clay man, though I am in-
structed by many to say nothing on that score. Next to [him]
your flag shall float above my 'sanctum.' N[otwith] standing
you did not deem my last letter worth [y of n]otice, I yet shall
remember your former kindness [with] undying gratitude. Your
opposition in private convers[ation] to that greatest of all
political heresies, 'Nativisra' endeared you to my heart, and
your letter of [instru]ction to the Whigs of the Union still re-
mains in [my no]tion as a monument of the liberality of the
Senator from [Nor]th Carolina.
But, I regret that the nomination of McLane cannot re-
ceive my approbation, as I recognize in him a bitter enemy to
my Faith, and the same objection, which applied to Frelingn.
will also be against him: Let me have a line, if your leisure
will permit to the care of J. Randall Esq. In all events, come
what may, sink or swim, I shall never forget you, though I
should seem to you but a small speck on the great ocean of
humanity. I have a soul which shall always be grateful to him
Courtesy of Frick Art Reference Library
James Turner Morehead, 1797-1854. From an oil portrait, fainter unknown, in the
possession of the Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort.
The Mangum Papers 457
who once treated me with respect, though when the storm of
politics should blow over, would be forgotten by him.
With Sentiments of profound regard
Hon: Sir, your
Friend, and humble Servt
Geo: Constantine Collins
(Author of "50 Reasons," & once respected
by Whigs but now forgotten though as
good a Whig now as ever).
Hon W [P. Man] gum
Senator f[rom N.]C.
WPM-LC
WilliaTn H. Thomas to Willie P. Mangum and Enclosure^"
Washington City
July 17, 1846
Hon. W. P. Mangum
of the Senate,
Dear Sir,
I have obtained another statement from General Scott
relative my claims provided for in the Resolution before the
Senate which I herewith enclose. May I ask of you the favour
at the earliest opportunity to show it to Mr. Jarnagan and as
soon as you can have the opportunity to have the Resolution
called up and acted on.
I have been waiting and must continue to wait until some-
time next week to ascertain whether the investigation now
going on before a board of Commissioners will result in a treaty
being made with the Cherokees by which their difficulties will
be settled and the [payment] of their claims provided for,^^^
The President, [torn] has authorised the Commissioners to em-
la^See above, 421.
i880n August 6, 1846, a treaty was signed at Washington with the Cherokees of the West al-
lowing the eastern band of Cherokees, who remained in North Carolina, to participate in the bene-
fits of New Echota Treaty of 1835. Mooney, "Myths of the Cherokees," in Smithsonian Institution,
Nineteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution, I, 163.
458 State Department of Archives and History
brace [torn] [exjamination and report- on which a treaty will
probably [torn] claims of the North Carolina Cherokees,
With the highest respect
your obt. servt.
Wm. H. Thomas
Enclosure
Winfield Scott to W. H. Thomas
Head Q uarters of the Army.
Washington, July 17, 1846.
Sir:
In answer to your inquiries, I refer you to my reports to the
War Department, from Athens Tennessee, dated Nov 6, 1838,
relative to the means to be used for the capture of certain
Cherokee murderers, &c. In that report I say: ''Col Foster
(Com^^ 4 Inf) will also have the aid, as runners, guides & in-
terpreters of some of IVEr. Thomas's Oconolufty Indians, as well
as the personal services of IVlr. Thomas himself, who takes a
lively interest in the success of the expedition. "^^^
The reports of Col Foster speak of the valuable services
rendered by yourself & Indians up to the successful accomplish-
ment of the objects of the expedition; & I cannot doubt, that
this result would have been longer delayed had other instru-
ments, less acquainted with the localities, been used. Such de-
lay, besides the expense attending it, would have retarded the
march of the 7th. Inf, then awaiting the arrival of the 4th. at
Fort Gibson, before proceeding to Florida.
I remain, Sir, respectfully,
Yrs.
Winfield Scott.
To
IVTr. W. H. Thomas
Washington City.
ia«See above, 42 In.
The Mangum Papers 459
WPM-LC
Jon. H. Jacobs^^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Durant's Neck N^. Ca.
July 20"\ 1846—
My dear Sir,
My health for the last two years has been very bad and for
the last twelve months it has been a struggle for me to live - ( the
Chronic Diarrhia) A trip to the Mineral Springs of Va. last
Summer, I am well satisfied has protracted my life-, and I con-
template travelling in the Western part of this State this Sum-
mer and Fall, as soon as I am able to locate my family at my
Cabbin at Nag's Head-
Not being politically represented in Congress I have rec*'.
few documents this Session, indeed I may say none, if I except
''B [illegible]", & Mr. Bigg's speech on the Tariff, sent me by
Mr. Bigg's, & the report of the Coast Survey, "House Document
No. 38" which I think was sent me by my Friend Mr. Barringer-
I have somehow, been generally much neglected in that respect,
I think, and could not be reconsiled were I not a subscriber to
the Nat. Intelligencer & "Niles' Register"-
This is principally addressed you, my old Friend, ( if I can be
permitted to use the expression & I think I should) to ask a
favor of you & through you my other Friends in Congress, to
send me some few of the Valuable Documents which have be [en]
printed, this Session, by order of Congress- Confined as I am
a great deal within doors, reading and writing are my principal
occupations, and have a tendency to wile away the tedium of
a sick room-
Well I suppose we shall have a "Democratic Tariff," and
once more be guilty of the folly of trying to increase the reve-
nue by reducing the duties!- I should really think that the "Com-
promise" Tariff, had already convinced all sane persons, that
no such result can be expected- But I suppose Demagogues must
rule us so long as they rule the " majority "-
But of all the wild measures and positions of the present
dominant party in Congress, none gave me so much uneasiness
as the "Oregon" Controversy- The "54.40" and "all or none"
"oSee above. III, 296n.
460 State Department of Archives and History
men- Thank God, the good sense of Benton and Calhoun & some
few others, induced them to unite with the Whigs & we may hope
that affair is settled- But the "Mexican War," I much fear, will
yet involve us with Europe, for it seems, we must go to the
Rio Grand and of course follow up to its head, and we must have
California, and New Mexico- Then after this is all accomplished,
I think Mexico it self will be another "Texas," and "annexed"
by "Joint resolution"!
I fear you will have to make yr. "Bow" on the 4". of March
next, and to use a common expression of an old friend, be
"turned to grass"- The retirement of Rayner, the death of
Cherry, and defeat of Outlaw have ruined we poor Whigs in
this Dist. We are very unfortunate too in the candidates in
this 1st. Senatorial Dist. both as to Senate & Commons- I fear
we shall be beaten - tho' I have been almost bed-ridden, know
nothing of myself & only from others-
Present my respects to Messrs. Haywood, McKay, Biggs, Bar-
ringer, Dockery, and all other Friends and believe me D^ Sir,
Yr. Friend & ob Sert
Jon. H. Jacobs
Hon'. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon^ W. P. Mangum
Washington City
D. C-
Mail.)
WPM-LC
Charles Miner^^^ to William, A. Graham.
Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne Co. P. July 20/46
To his Excellency William A. Graham
Governor of North-Carolina.
Sir,
I take leave, most respectfully to invite your attention to a
matter, which appears to me not only interesting to North-Car-
"^Charles Miner, 1780-1865, was a journalist in Wilkes-Barre before he moved to Philadelphia.
He endeavored to popularize the silk industry in various parts of the country, experimenting on a
farm of his own. He also tried to increase the use of anthracite coal. D. A. B., XIII. 22-23.
The Mangum Papers 461
olina, but to the whole Union. I refer to the culture of Silk.
The severity of our northern winters, retarding the growth,
and injuring the tender branches, of the Mulberry, renders our
position less eligible for the business, than a more southern
climate. South of you the heat would become too intense; South
Virginia and your state I apprehend, possess that favourable
temperature, best adapted to the growth of the mulberry, and
the perfection of the silk-worm. I am therefore extremely anx-
ious that with you, and under the auspices of the State Gov-
ernment, the experiment should be fairly and faithfully tried,
not on an expensive, but yet on a liberal scale: neither doubt-
ing, nor entertaining a shadow of a doubt, but the result would
prove a perenial source of incalculable wealth and abiding pro-
sperity to your noble Commonwealth - and reflecting to after
ages the highest honour on the public authorities whose spirit
and forecast should introduce and effectually establish the
inestimable benefits of rearing the silk-worm and the produc-
tions of silk-
Reading a few days ago, the eloquent description, in the
7th volume of Gibbon, of the rise and extension of the Silk-
culture, in eastern Europe and Asia, it gave new impulse to a
Resolution, long since formed to bring the matter, expecially to
the consideration of your Government; and various treasury
statistics upon my table enable me to present to your Excellency,
some highly curious comparative views, shewing the importance
of the subject
Cotton, Tobacco, Rice and Flour are regarded, and truly, as
our leading staples of exportation:
In the ten years from 1836, inclusive, to 1845 the exporta-
tion of cotton, was in value $578,037,882
In the same period the importation
of Silks amounted to the enormous sum of $124,870,326
From a fifth to a quarter the value of
our great staple!
During the 10 preceding years the
imports amounted to $ 93,392,934!
Shewing an aggragate increase of 31 millions; or more than 3
millions a year.
The exports of Tobacco from
1836 to 1845 amounted, in value to $ 85,598,727
462 State Department of Archives and History
Exhibiting a Silk import of 39,271,599
greater than the whole export of Tobacco
During the same period there were exported
of Rice $ 20,868,266
The two. Tobacco and Rice, falling short of the value of
Silks imported nearly 20 millions.
The export of Flour during the same period amounted in
value to $ 58,288,108.
Less than half the value of importations of Silks.
It must be obvious to your Excellency that these figures are
exhibited to show, impressively, the great and steadily grow-
ing value of Silks consumed in the United States:
When the increase of opulence, and consequent advance of
luxury, combined with the rapid augmentation of Population,
are considered, must it not be among the things of moral cer-
tainty, that the consumption of silk will proceed with an equal
if not accelerated pace? Is it not equally clear, that the over-
production of Cotton, must certainly transfer its culture, ex-
clusively to the more southern and better adapted locations,
leaving it desirable that some new and more profitable staple
should be introduced into North-Carolina?
I write under the fullest persuasion that your State may be
made, four-fold, the richest in the Union: that her least fruitful
hills - her fertile valleys, and even her sterile plains, may "by
the education" of the Silk- worm, and the production of the
white mulberry, be made as valuable as the low southern lands
yielding the Sea-Island Cotton. It is understood that on light
and sandy soils, the Mulberry leaf, though less luxuriant, pro-
duces a counterbalancing fineness of Silk.
My Plans would be simple, involving little comparative out-
lay; avoiding the common fault of Governmental schemes; that
is of beginning on too large a scale, and expending unnecessary
sums in the experiment
A Farm of 100 acres, in the immediate vicinity of the seat
of Government, it is presumed may be bought for $60 an acre -
$6,000.
Obtain from the Town of Mansfield, Connecticut, two fam-
ilies, which should embrace at least 4 males, accustomed to the
Silk-culture, (their habits are simple - their expectations mod-
erate, while industry and economy are familiar from childhood ) .
The Mangum Papers 463
Such could probably be obtained, they having the use of the
Farm to subsist upon, by paying the two men 20 dolls a month -
the two young men 15 - making 840 dolls a year
Five acres of the Farm to be sown in beds carefully with
white mulberry seed, for nurseries - each year - for 3 or 4
years, until sufficient young trees should be raised to supply,
gratuitously ( or at a very small price ) every family in the State,
that would accept of them, with a Mulberry orchard or field, of
from 100" to 3 or 400 Trees.
Domestic, or Household culture, diffused throughout every
County, giving easy employment to old men - to women and
children, whose labour would otherwise be of little value, may
well be regarded an object of great importance. Some families
might be careless; not a few indifferent, for fixed habits are slow
to change; but many of the rising generation, giving the experi-
ment a fair trial and proving successful, would ensure an ulti-
mately favourable issue
In three years from the first planting. Silks, in moderate
quantities might be made. Ten years prudent management
would give a product, surprising to the incredulous - and cheer-
ing to the sanguine.
The Nursery farm would, of course, be under the immediate
eye and supervision of the Legislature, and here, at the earliest
suitable period, young persons might be brought from different
parts of the State, to learn the simple process of gathering the
leaves and feeding the Silks-spinning-gold-coining, insect.
So far from recommending, I would dissuade from costly ex-
periments - large buildings - heated rooms; or any early attempts
at fine manufactures. The Coccoons being produced for market
the more expensive processes by machinery, and manipulation,
might be left, solely to individual capital and enterprise. But
it would be well to consider whether a Legislative bounty on
the production of Coccoons and Sewing silk might not be ad-
vantageous to the business while in its infancy
The Farm, remaining the property of the State would, prob-
ably, appreciate in value.
The action of the Government in the matter, could scarcely
fail to give a favourable impulse to the business of the Capital.
And would not the promising commencement of the Silk-
Culture, in the state, offering such rich returns, have the effect
464 State Department of Archives and History
to turn the tide of emigration, from the teeming hives of New
England, into North-Carolina? It is known many of the New
England race are now settling in Virginia, desirous of enjoying
a middle climate and more congenial sky.
It has been estimated that the product of an acre in the
white mulberry, would be $200 a year. Looking for no excessive
returns, it is yet firmly believed, that, with the same outlay of
Capital and Labour, it may be made to equal, if not exceed, the
product of Sugar, or the general returns of the finer sorts of
Cotton.
I need not say to your Excellency, that the Statesmen, who,
with liberal forecast and firm resolve, make those embrio ar-
rangements, demanding time and expenditure - patience and
perserverence, the results of which are new and valuable har-
vests to the husbandman - increased profits to labour, and the
consequent diffusion of plenty and happiness among the People,
are indeed Patriots, and deserve the Public gratitude.
I pray your Excellency to allow the purity of my motives,
to plead my apology for this intrusion; as I have no personal
interest to advance, and to permit me to subscribe myself
Your obedient Servant
Charles Miner.
[Addressed : ]
His. Excellency
William A — Graham
Governor of
North-Carolina.
WPM-LC
J. W. Carr^^^ to Willie P. Mangum and Enclosure
Chapel Hill 24th July 1846
Hon W. P. Mangum —
Dear Sir
You will see from Mr Utley's letter that he wishes you
to look into a patent which he obtained in Sepf last from the
i*2See above, 299n.
The Mangum Papers 465
patent office of the U. S. It seems that there is some misunder-
standing about the knife &C- & unless it can be explained satis-
factorily it may cause a suit — Dr Jones of this place Jones Wat-
son Aliegh[?] Hutch & myself are all concerned & wish to estab-
lish the Letters patent & to show that no infringement has been
made on Gay lords patent of 1843 or any improvement that he
may have made up to the 27*^. Sept^ 1845 —
You will please see Edmond Burke and Dr. Page who we
think will do a way all doubts about the matter — we have
written to Edmond Burke Comm''. of patents this day about it.
please attend to it & write us as soon as you possibly can to-
gether with your own opinion about the matter —
I am Sir with great respect
Your obt servt
J. W. Carr
If you can send us any documents that will be of any service
in our approaching Election we should like to have them — It
will be a hard contest in Orange but we hope the Whig Ticket
will succeed -
J. W. C.
[Addressed:]
Hon
W. P. Mangum
(Senate of the U States)
Washington City
Enclosure
Grey XJtley to W. P. Mangum^^^
Chapel Hill July 24th. 1846
Dear Sir-
I obtained a patent on the 27th day of Sepf last from the
patent office of the United States for an improvement in a
straw-cutter- Since which time there has some difficulty arisen
^**This letter is in the handwriting of J. W. Carr.
466 State Department of Archives and History
in this section of the country about it. It is contended by two
persons here through malace that my patent is an infringement
upon a patent obtained by Gay lord in the year 1843 — they also
say that the teeth of my knife should each be one inch apart, &
I contend that I have a right to make four teeth within an inch
so they are made in the same manner and the principle not al-
tered—
Will you do me the favour to look into the matter- & please
examine Gaylords patent & see if it has been extended so as to
cover the different shapes of his knife —
Now your attention to the above will greatly oblige me &
save me from going to Washington City my self —
Please let me hear from you soon
Respectfully
Grey Utley
Hon W. P. Mangum
Senate U S—
[Addressed : ]
Hon
W. P. Mangum
(Senate of the U States)
Washington City
WPM-LC
Benjamin Colevfian^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
KiNSTON Lenoir County N C.
July 28, 1846.
Dr Sir
Any speach or document which would throw any light upon
the issues now before the people would be greatfully received.
The Whigs are useing their utmost endeavours in their section
of the county, to dethrone the reign of Loco-Focoism. I feel
confident that Gov. Graham will be elected by an increased
majority; we shall also elect a whig Legislature, and thereby
i"See above. II, 355-356.
The Mangum Papers 467
secure a United States Senator! furnish me with all the Docu-
ments you have have \_sic'\ to spare and believe me your friend
and Obedient Servant
Benj Coleman
[Addressed : ]
To the Hon W P Mangum
Washington
City
D. C.
WPM-LC
P. 17. Murphey^^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Norfolk
July 31st 1846
My dear Sir
I called to see you the evening before I left & much regret
that you were out. as I wished to thank you for your kindness
to me, & to have explained to you what I wished you to do for
me, in the case of the date of my Commission. When I spoke to
you about it you thought, there would be no difficulty in the
case- When the vacancies which existed were filled, Now Sir
since the Secretary has concluded to fill those vacancies I am
most anxious to call your attention to it. I should have had my
Commission dated back to the 1st of December last, at which
time, Comodore Elliott died: but instead of which it was dated
the last of May. The difference of pay to me is nearly four hun-
dred dollars, which to a poor officer with a family is a great
deal. I ask for nothing more, than the old established customs
of the Navy Department- I know Sir, you will see that justice
is done me, & know what course to pursue better than I can
tell you,
I am sorry to write you, my wife's health was such on my
arrival I could not leave to send you the figs I told you, I would,
i«See above, 123.
468 State Department of Archives and History
but will certainly send them by the next boat, & I will procure
you some of the cuttings, if you wish them
In great haste
Yours truly
P. U. MURPHEY
U. S. N.
Hon^^« Judge Mangum
N. B. I have writen to Captain Ramsey to call on you, & ex-
plain to you the former custom of the Dept. in my case, as its a
matter which interests me very much.
The report in this place is, that the old North state will do
her duty
[Addressed : ]
Hon^^ Judge Mangum
United States Senate
Washington City
WPM-LC
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum
New York 2^. Aug*. 1846.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
Dear Sir
Well Sir, in a few days, Congress will have adjourned, & you
Honorable Senators gone to your respective homes. But, before
you go, I beseech you, my good Sir, to give me your views,
of the Great political chess board, of the Nation, and please say,
how you think, it can be played, how you think, it ought to be
played, & how will it be. For Sir, I hear such contradictory re-
ports, about you Gentlemen of Congress & parties, that I am
The Mangum Papers 469
sometimes, at a loss to know, what to think of you, in Washing-
ton. But you will inform me. This much, I can assure you Sir,
that in this quarter, the ticket, of the Ohio & North Carolina
candidates. Let me speak out plainly. The names, of John
M^.Lean, of Ohio, & Willie P. Mangum, of North Carolina, are,
the most popular, the very strongest, and will, as you will short-
ly see, the most available candidates, that the people, can rally
on, for the Campaign of 48, having a view, to the welfare of
this great, growing, and beloved country of ours. I have the
very best reports, of the disposition and intentions, of the good
people of the West, towards the Peoples candidates. I am in-
formed, that Mr. Clayton, adhears very strongly, to General
Scott. How is this? He is a frail candidate. Whoever embarks,
on board of that Ship, will most assuredly founder. And if any
portion of the Whig party, attempt, or do in fact, bring forward
Mr. Clay, as a candidate, it is as surely defeated, as that it is
manifested. What man, is there, in this nation, that loves his
country, that can say Henry Clay, ought not to have been elected
in 1840. In 1844. I actually thought, he was elected. The ident-
ical clique, (Scott & Co) that prevented his nomination in 1840,
went against him, with the addition of the vile Abolitionists in
-44. And this wicked combination, is ready, at a moments warn-
ing, to do effective battle, against him again in 48. And I can
further say, of all men in these U. S. Henry Clay, of right, and
with a single eye, to the best interest of North America, ought
at this moment, to be sitting in his arm chair, in the White
House, as President. And so you, and thousands of others, all
honorable men, say. But Sir, what avails all this lamentation.
All great, towering geniuses, like Mr. Clay, have ever had, and
always will have, strong, vindictive, powerful, tremendous op-
position, and which, regarding Mr. Clay, seems, that no time
can chill, no circumstances, can allay. We must take men and
circumstances, just as we find them. There is no altering them.
It is very true of Mr. Clay, as you remarked, on a certain oc-
casion, "His, history constitutes, a large portion, of our national
renown."
470 State Department of Archives and History
Pray take good care of your health, for I desire much to see
you, again and again. I hope my eyes will open in 48.
I am D"". Sir,
with the Highest regard,
Your friend
J. B. Mower
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
Ahram R. Laurence^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
New York Augt. 4th, 1846
To
Honble. Willie Mangum
In Senate - Washington City
Sir
Several Members of the Whig General Committee have been
urged to press upon that Body a call for a Whig Meeting in this
city to express their opposition to the new Tariff and make ar-
rangements for effecting its repeal- The subject was considered
in our Executive Committee last evening - and as acting Chair-
man of the General Committee I was directed to address you
and some other eminent members of the Senate in regard to
its policy at this time - and to ask the favor of your opinion
whether at this or at any other time such a procedure would be
approved of by our friends in the South —
It is proper in explanation to add that however unanimous
we may be in this quarter of the Union upon the blighting in-
fluence of the new tariff we cannot forget the obligation due
to you and other distinguished Southern Senators for their hon-
orable and disinterested course in regard to the Tariff of 1842
"«See above. 383n.
The Mangum Papers 471
Suggestions have been made that a more effective and less
embarrassing hostility, to the law may be produced by associa-
tions of manufacturers formed without party distinctions and
embracing operatives as well as their employees
Oblige us by imparting your advice as soon as your leisure
will permit-
Most respectfully and truly
Your friend & Servant
Abrm R. Laurence.
P. S. Not having time before the departure of the mail to ad-
dress Messrs Crittenden and Berrien - to whom I had directions
to write and sollicit a like favor, allow me to impose upon your
kindness the task of submitting this letter to their perusal
ARL.
WPM-LC
A. G. Hodges^^^ to Willie P. Mangum,
Frankfort, Ky. Aug. 4th 1846.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Dear Sir:
I received your letter announcing the receipt of the Bi-
ography of Capt. John W. Russell. I was greatly gratified with
your warm expressions of approbation of the Captain. For he
is a noble and generous fellow. I showed your letter to Capt.
Russell, and the kind expressions of him by you almost melted
him to tears. He said he had the warmest friends of any man
upon earth. I am gratified today to inform you that Russell will
be elected in the Senatorial District by a majority of between
800 and 1000 votes.
ii'^From his youth, Albert Gallatin Hodges worked in newspaper offices. Beginning as a reporter
on the Kentucky Reporter, he later established the Kentuckian at Lancaster but was unable to finance
it for long. In 1824 he published the Louisville Morning Post, Two years later he and James G.
Dana established the Frankfort Commonwealth which he continued until 1872. A fiery editor, he
exerted considerable influence in Kentucky politics. Thomas D. Clark, A History of Kentucky, New
York, 1937. 347-349.
472 State Department of Archives and History
At the close of the vote today for dinner, Russell had in
Franklin County 622 votes
Drake had 149
Russell's majority 473
Russell's majority in
Shelby County last night
at close of Polls 179
652
Franklin & Shelby compose the District. Our election con-
tinues 3 days, and the voting will go on until to-morrow night.
I believe we shall give Russell about 650 or 700 majority here,
and I think he will get about 300 majority in Shelby county.
I see the Locos have passed the Tariff for the Relief of the
British Laborers! Well, I hope they will now consummate all
their schemes of destruction to the best interests of this country,
and let them come before the country upon those measures. If
ever there were a set of corrupt scoundrels upon the face of the
earth, the Leaders of the Locos are such.
Please show this letter to Crittenden & Morehead, and much
oblige
Truly, your friend
A. G. Hodges
[Addressed:] [Postmarked:] Frankfort Ky. Aug 4
Hon. W. P. Mangum
U. S. Senator
Washington City
D. C.
WPM-LC
Benjamin H. Brewster^ ^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
1 Sansom Street
Philada. [Aug. 8, 1846]
My Dear Sir:
Today I directed a copy of the North American to be sent you
containing the notice of you. While I was pleas'd with its
i^^After graduating from Princeton in 1834, Benjamin H. Brewster, 1816-1886, became a suc-
cessful lawyer in Philadelphia. In 1846 he held a minor Federal post in settling the Cherokee Indian
Claims. He was later attorney general of Pennsylvania and attorney general of the United States.
His most famous accomplishment was his successful prosecution of the Star Route fraud in 1881-
1884. D. A. B., Ill, 26-27.
The Mangum Papers 473
phraseology and the handsome way in which it did but justice
to your high claims and lofty position yet I would rather that it
had been more pointed in the conclusion. As it is a Whig press
you must acquit me of all power to guide the pen editorial
though I may give tone to their purpose and good will for you.
Had it been our rabid Loco Foco organ, and had you been sancti-
fied in the grace of Democracy the broad folds of our banner
should gleam'd with your name. As it is remember I've only
given earnest of my love by pitching the key note even of my
''enemies in war, in peace friends."
They dare not boldly leap and do but timidly step, and did
they know you as you are known they would proudly herald
your name for that post which from your party you so much
merit and which you would fill with so much honor.
''Glamis, and thane of Cawdor;
*'The greatest is behind. —
Remember "the Earldom of Herefordshire" and when you
are King do not make a Buckingham of me or even treat me as
Edward treated the Great Neville - Earl of Warwick to whom
in your pleasantry the other day you likend your young and
frolicksom friend. Remember I am to be Great Emperor of
Morocco and that is my Earldom of Herefo[r]dshire.
Ever with respect and
sincerity
Bjn. H. Brewster
8 Aug 46.
To Honble. Willie P. Mangum
Washington City
[Addressed:]
To
Honb. Willie P. Mangum
Washington City
Senate. D C
474 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Asa Whitney^ ^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Washington D. C Aug 12/46
Sir
I am desirous of seeing Mr Packenham to explain my pro-
ject for a Railroad to the Pacific, and show him how much and
when I think England interested-
If you will be so kind as to give me a note of introduction,
(addressed to me through the Post office) I shall feel myself
extremely obliged and as I have no claim for such a request,
the obligation will be considered the greater
Most Respectfully
Your obt Servt
A. Whitney
Honl. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Honl. W. P. Mangum
Washington
D. C
WPM-LC
James Auchincloss^^^ to Willie P. Mangum
New York, August 19*^. 1846.
Dear Sir,
I trust that it will not be deemed by you too great a liberty
if I urge upon you the absolute necessity of doing something to
appease the clamors of the people here for a bank of some de-
scription or other that will furnish a good currency for the
whole Union, and at same time equalize the Exchanges. Mr.
Clay's bill would have done this if it had been sanctioned by
Mr. Tyler, but seeing we are not to have it, let us have that if
u^Aher traveling extensively for a New York dry-goods firm, Asa Whitney entered business for
himself. In the Panic of 1837 he failed. Soon thereafter he went to China for a New York firm
and became aware of the value of a transcontinental railroad. In September, 1844, he presented his
plan to get Congressional aid. When Congress gave him little encouragement, he began an extensive
campaign to convince the people. In 1849 he published A Project for a Railroad to the Pacific. Two
years later he turned to the English for help. D. A. B., XX, 156-157.
^°See above. III, 216n.
The Mangum Papers 475
possible which will subserve every useful purpose. I have
given my idea in brief and very hurriedly to Mr. Tallmadge,
and although it may not furnish you with anything novel on
the subject, permit me to ask you to read my letter to him. I
have spoken to Mr. T. as a practical merchant, and let me say
to you, my dear Sir, that my experience in Exchanges, first and
last, has not been limited. My views, such as they are, are cor-
roberated by such men as Saml. Jaudon Esq. and Morris Rob-
binson Esq.,^^^ both long connected with the late U. S. B. in
its palmiest days and before the "old Roman" resolved on its
destruction. A bank of Exchanges and issues is what we want
in this quarter : Give us this and rely upon it we shall soon have
"peace and plenty"! If I were allowed by that noble specimen
of true and devoted patriotism, I would say to Mr. Clay- "give
the whole energies of your mind to the accomplishment of this
plan, and the gratitude of all parties awaits you." But I for-
bear.
I trust and hope that you will not separate without carrying
every measure you started for at the commencement of the
session; if you do separate without effecting this, and the cry
of defeat ringing in your ears from your noisy and factious op-
ponents, be assured that the consequence here and elsewhere
will be most disastrous to us. I look forward to the Ides of
November in such an event with unfeigned alarm.
Do me the favor to write to me and I pledge myself in ad-
vance that your communication shall not be improperly used.
My best regards to Gov. Morehead and other grave Senators
at No. 2.
With great respect
Your friend & servant,
James Auchincloss.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum,
U. S. Senate,
Washington-
D. C.
isisamuei Jaudon was cashier of the United States Bank at Philadelphia. On the New York
board was Morns Robinson. Reginald C. (ed.). The Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle dealing
wtth NaHonal Affairs, 1807-1844, Boston, 1919, 81; Tuckman (ed.). Diary of Philip Hone. II, 231,
347.
476 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
John B. Fry^^^ to Willie P. Mangum
Washington, August 24*^. 1846.
My dear Sir:
I did not have an opportunity, on yesterday, of saying as
much to you as I desire in relation to a thorough organization
of the Whig party, and of commencing at the opening of the
next session of Congress, to distribute the most suitable speeches
or documents over the entire Country- to both Whigs & locofocos.
If I could be assured that yourself- Messrs Crittenden, Clay-
ton, Corwin and other influential gentlemen of our party would
co-operate heartily in giving the plan efficiency, I v^ould, at
once, take steps to procure the fullest possible list of names, in
every section of the Country, and be ready next December to be-
gin a regular & systematic circulation of approved speeches, to
be kept up till the Presidential Election in 1848.
I submit to you whether a circular letter emanating from a
committee of Whig members of both branches of Congress, ad-
dressed to Whig capitalists in different parts of the Country,
would not be responded to with sums of money sufficient to put
the plan into immediate operation? If it would, and it shall be
the desire of your committee, I will undertake the matter with
the utmost zeal.
I am Sir, very respectfully.
Your friend & obt Serv*.
John B. Fry.
Hon: Willie P. Mangum,
U. S. Senate.
WPM-LC
T. L. Clingman to Willie P. Mangum
AsHEViLLE Aug 25th 1846
My dear Sir
I was in hopes that I should have had a letter from you ere
this, but I know too well how you have been occupied at Wash-
^^See below, 499-500.
The Mangum Papers 477
ington to complain of your silence, Gen Waddy Thompson now
here informs me that he left you looking uncommonly well at
Washington and doing in all things as becomes a senator from
the old North State. Our elections have gone off right and I
have the satisfaction of thinking that your efforts both in this
district and elsewhere contributed something to the result.
I take it for granted that you will give to the whigs the use
of your name for reelection to the senate, though in your letter
to me of last fall you you [sic] expressed yourself differently, yet
I did not suppose that you would be permitted by the Whig party
of the State and nation to decline, connected as your name has
been so frequently with the first and second offices in the na-
tion, Accordingly to my own suggestions therefore the Whig
candidates in this region came out for you against all the world
as their first choice, and afterwards having understood that
some persons a little this side of you and a few Whigs in this
district who have lately been indirectly connected by a demo-
cratic link with a certain prominent whig in Guilford of whom
you told me that you had a little right to complain, understand-
ing I say that they were for substituting that person in your
stead, I made it a point myself in my replies to Mr. J. B. Shep-
ar(ji53 a^ various points especially at Burke & Rutherford to tell
the people that it was the duty of the Whigs to make every effort
to secure the legislature and that it would be discreditable to
the state to allow you to be driven from the position you oc-
cupied with such distinction to yourself and the State You will
therefore I have no doubt be supported for a reelection by all
the whigs from this quarter as against any one. Mr. Haywoods
resignation came on us very unexpectedly a few days before
the election and though I am informed that Col. G. and one or
two others profess to wish to elect Badger & Morehead yet you
will lose no member of the legislature, These matters of course
I write in confidence as I do not care to be unnecessarily em-
broiled with any body, but you know I am not a man to shun
responsibility whenever a proper occasion is presented. As to
the second vacancy (Mr Haywoods) there will be diversity of
opinion. ^^* Some of my friends are desirous of presenting my
name for that appointment and I feel at liberty to mention the
^^James Biddle Sheppard was the Democratic candidate for governor running against W. A.
Graham, the Whig candidate.
'"George E. Badger was selected.
478 State Department of Archives and History
matter to you because you alluded to it heretofore &c- Before
however any decided step is taken in the matter I must know two
or three things, And first as to whom I might be brought in col-
lision with, If Badger is anxious to go to the Senate (though
I presume from former things and from a letter lately received
from him by me that he would not desire such a thing) then I
should not like for any of my friends to bring my name in oppo-
sition to him eminent as he stands both in and out of the State,
But I should not only wish to be informed as to whom are to be
my competitors, but also to know what probability there is of my
getting a respectable support in the middle or Eastern part of
the state. Though I might be sustained by all the members from,
this part of the state, yet the number is comparitively small and
I do not besides wish to be presented merely as a sectional
candidate, I write to you as a friend in confidence to know what
you think of the matter as I am satisfied that you can from your
position give me more information than any one else and what
you may write will be not of course made public. What would
be my chance (if I should be pressed on the legislature by the
western whigs) with the deligations from yours & the adjoin-
ing counties? What are Gov. Graham.s feelings towards me? I
believe from my position, I was able both in his first and second
canvass to render him more service than any one Whig in the
state, and my influence was in both instances exerted to the
uttermost both by political & personal appeals though I well
knew at the time that I was thereby greatly weakening myself
personally in the district and then believed and still am of opin-
ion that my efforts against Mr. Hoke in '44 lost me more votes
than I was beaten by in '45.^^^ If you and others whom I know
to be personally my friends are of opinion that my efforts against
the South Carolina politicians, against the democratic leaders
in North Carolina & against the Locofocoism of the Union gen-
erally afford evidence of sufficient capacity and zeal in the serv-
ice of the Whig party, then I have no objection to my friends
making an effort, but of course unless I am taken up by the
whigs of the middle and Eastern part of the State, my friends
are too feeble in point of number to justify them in pressing my
name. I should like to hear from you at your earlest leisure
^^See above, 316.
The Mangum Papers 479
and I believe you know me too well to doubt but that I will take
kindly any suggestions that you might make of whatever nature.
In conclusion I will only say that if there should be any oc-
casion for it (though I do not apprehend such necessity) I shall
use any influence I possess in your behalf as decidedly as any
friend you have in the state will do.
I am very truly yours &c
T. L. Clingman
Hon Wilie P. Mangum
WPM-LC
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum.
Saratoga Springs.
Aug. 25. 1846.
My dear Sir.
After parting with you, I held over a day in Philadelphia &
a week in New York, very much against my will. During my
stay, I saw many of the master spirits of the Wards, by far the
most important personages in regulating the sentiments of the
masses, whom to a great extent, they control - at least, direct.
The fact is not to be disguised, that the preference of the City
is for Clay & that of the Country for anybody, but him. Still
however the politicians of the former, have another idol dearer
even than him of Ashland - which is Number one - a deity they
never abandon, a worship they incessantly practice. Convince
these gentry, that Clay cannot be elected & that somebody else
can, who will reward as fully & punish as severely & the charm
is at once dissolved. To a certain extent, that has been already
done & some of them are now openly enlisting under McLean's
banner. The only difficulty I have encountered, is in reference
to the distribution of the patronage. Could they be assured
on that head, we should get a momentum, that no other aspirant
could resist. As it is, we have the track of Taylor, & the course
so far as Scott is concerned. He (S) has no party & the clique
which is par excellence & deservedly so, his friends, affect what
they do not feel - Even they however — Webb, et id genus omne
480 State Department of Archives and History
have knocked under for the Presidency & are now on the look-
out for other game. It is difficult to tell v^here they will go -
or rather where they will not go. They have very little hold
on any subdivision of the party & no affiliation with the great
mass. All things considered, the posture of affairs in New
York, is vastly better than I expected to find it & I believe I
impregnated the waters more strongly with my McLean &
Mangum Catholicon. I mean no humbug, when I tell you, the
name of the latter is a tower of strength among these same
ultras. You blazed away so "dangerously" in 1842, that they
think they smell the sulphur even now & that odor puts them
on a Crusade against all moderation & conservatism.
I halted a day in Albany to dine with Spencer (J. C.) who
invited me to do so in answer to a copy of the "Sketch" which
I sent him. We went over the whole ground from alpha to
omega & he is as true to the Whig cause as you are. This J knew
when you were all warring upon him in the Senate,^^^ as I hap-
pened to share his confidence, during all the Tylerian time & no
greater mistake was committed, than his rejection for the Bench,
especially to us at the South. You have now a rank abolitionist
in disguise, in the place he should have occupied. But, there is
no use in looking back, in this age of Progress. Spencer never
was a Clay man, nor were any of the anti-Masons in New York
of which he was the head exponent - hence the falling off in the
vote of that section in 1844. He is thoroughly for McLean &
has forgiven you. He proposes to come out in the fall or winter
with an exposition of his remaining in the Cabinet & to place
himself on the old platform, being willing to take his place in
the ranks. There are about 5,000 men of his way of thinking
in this State, who either stayed away from the polls or cut the
electoral ticket at the great struggle. These men never were
& never can be Locofocos. They want a man, who won't ostra-
cize them because they were not born "White Charlies" & they
will concentrate on any Candidate, who will not pledge him-
self to elevate a few at the expense of the many. Spencer's pen
is among the most ready, powerful & almost magical in politics
of any here or elsewhere that I know of & he is willing & anx-
ious to use it. Our manifest policy is to encourage him & his
class & not to haggle as some are inclined to do, about a seat at
the table of which we are all to be communicants in Common.
^^See above, 1 1 .
The Mangum Papers 481
He authorized me to make known these views to Judge Mc
Lean & yourself.
I reached here on Saturday night & found but few that I
knew. Crittenden & Barrow had gone & accomplished nothing
while here. Indeed, they did not attempt any movement. Archer,
after the manner of the nobility of Virginia locked himself up
in a Castle (Cottage) & appeared only at stated periods, when
of course, there was a general anxiety among the fashionable
& foreign world. The last accounts of him were that he was
putting up at a temperance House, whose landlord had been
nominated as the Native American Candidate for Governor.
Hearing this, I thought it about time to drop my inquiries.
The season is over - the grand Ball has been given & our
Hotel the largest & the most tonnish, is reduced to 200 very
sensible & good natured people. This is by far the best part of
the year & I shall hold out a week or ten days longer.
The water & exercise & relaxation of mind have improved
my condition considerably even in the few days I have been
here & there is every promise of further amendment. I am
prudent & regular & hope to regain my health so as to render
service at the next session.
I sent an Editorial to the N. A. to-day, hastily put together,
in which I have said, you have consented to be a Candidate for
re-election. I suppose you will see it. If it was bad I'm sure
you would.
I do not ask you to write for two reasons - first because you
are intolerably lazy, which your constituents ought to know,
if they do not & next because I am a bird of passage & have no
head quarters.
As ever your friend,
James E. Harvey.
If you have any suggestion to make or wish anything done, ad-
dress me at New York & a friend will forward my letters to
wherever I may be.
[Addressed:] [Postmarked:] Saratoga Springs N. Y.
Hon Willie P. IVEangum ^^^ ^^
Red Mountain
No. Ca.
482 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
John Wilson to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington 9th Sept. 1846.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Dear Sir
Our slight personal acquaintance, was formed, so short a
time; before your departure from this city; I had not the op-
portunity, of seeking your views; and giving my own; which I
desired, in relation to the contest which is to come off, in '48,
in regard to the Presidency; the success of which, I am sure
both of us feel to be of great importance. That you may have
a chance, to satisfy yourself, if you desire, as to "who is" John
Wilson; not **Jas. K. Polk," I place before you; the following out
line of my history. I was born near "Knoxville Ten^^," raised
from early childhood to mans estate; in "Augusta County Va"
& afterwards, in 1811; took up my residence in "Kentucky" &
for the last 25 years, have been a practising Lawyer and a resi-
dent in the "Town of Fayette, Howard County Missouri". For
the last seven years, I have spent, most of my time, traveling
over the U. S.; in "Louisiana" & the South generally; but also
have been much, in New York, Boston, Phila. & this city.
In the course of all this period, of 35 years; I have mixed in
a business capacity; extensively with the common people; if you
will allow me the use of that expression as opposed to Poli-
ticians. 1 am without education, except, what has been rubbed
into m.e, by the constant active, (I may say) energetic; mixing
for more than a third of a century, with the raw, but active,
and busstling materials, of a new, but at the same time, mighty
country; the great valley of the Mississippi; the progress of
which; for the time, has been I believe, unparalleled in the his-
tory of mankind.
My professional pursuits, necessarily led me into a close, and
constant association, with the unpolished engredients of society;
but yet, it is there, after all, that the germe - the diamond - of re-
publican liberty is to be found. They, indeed need the hand of
science and Literature, to polish their rough exterior; and a sys-
tem of regulated liberty; to guide & restrain, the impulses of
nature, but there - amongst them - is to be found the great
The Mangum Papers 483
safety valve, of free institutions. I intend you to infer from all
this; that whatever I may have learned; I have lapped from the
gushing and uncurbed, fountains of nature; which have spouted
up around me, with such amazing and acumulating force; in
that great valley, where indeed I was born; and which; when I
first bivouac under a tree and the heavens; as my only shelter,
on the banks of the great father of waters; was then but one
interminable wilderness - is now, teeming with inteligent and
energetic millions of people! while its surface- from the Lakes
to the Balize; is dotted over with innumerable villages, Hamlets,
Log-Cabins, & camps, of the Newcomer & the "Prairie naturelles"
are swarming with beasts of the field, & the air is rendered, "re-
tentissement" with the lowing of the cow; the sure and uner-
ring sign, to the way-worn traveler; that he is nearing the abode
of civilized man. A truce, however to this gushing enthusiasm;
which can only be felt, and appreciated; by breathing the air,
and traveling over this unparelleled valley; stretching from the
alleghaney to the Rocky mountains - from the Lakes to the
Gulf - to feel as the writer does, that in less than a hundred
years - yes! - within the life time of his youngest son; should
God spare him to the age of four-score years.- this district will
contain a hundred Millions of people; within which the writer
was born; one, of as many thousands, which was perhaps near
the extent of it civilized population in 1790!! So much of my-
self - so much for the valley. I have digressed, but now re-
turn to say, what I set out to indite. And first I write only my
own opinions, and as such, desire them only to be weighed. The
Whigs of congress, ought not to have let the late adjournment
pass; without having concluded; a full and energetic organiza-
tion, to manage our party matters; til '48 shall have passe. That
not having been done fully; all our leading friends, should set
to work, now; vogorously and rest not, till such an organization
is complete.
When we commenced the contest of '44, I confess I had
fears of our success; because I saw amongst our friends, a de-
termination to nominate, Mr. Clay, for whose elevation to the
Precedency, I had; against my will, lost all hope since 1836.
After his nomination, I gathered courage, and supposed we
should succeed, and so inevitably we should; if it had not been;
for the very thing, which has been the bane, if Mr. Clays whole
484 State Department of Archives and History
political life: a determination to lead, rather than to be advised
by his friends.- a disposition to first express, and advocate; all
the measures of his party. This has caused most of his ov^n
mortifications; as well, as kept the w^higs out of power. I do
not mean this, as a sensure on his measures; but I do mean to
say, he was always too ambitious; to originate and stamp, upon
his friends, all the measures of his party, to be advocated. It is
truly a laudable ambition, but to say the least, it sets at defiance
the old maxim which teaches, that "in the multitude of counsel-
lors; there is safety": and hence his Two Texas letters, and
consequently our defeat: had but one, been written; no matter
which; we should have been safe. I consider our chance for
success; worse now than in '44, except, so far as I see a tendency,
to nominate some one else than Mr. Clay, in that event, there
is a chance, (if vigorously laid hold of) to do what could not
then, be done under Mr. C's auspices; which is to bring about
a combination, amongst all the anti-Regular-Loco, interests,
which I have no sort of doubt; form a large majority of the
voters of the Union. It is true; I believe this compromise,
could have been more easily accomplished then; than now - Mr.
Clay aside - But still I believe it can be done now. Then the
government patronage (always the lever of Loco success) was
divided, between traitors & Locos - it neutralized itself: then
too, this patronage was weilded, by several men, who in reality
had different interests to subserve - not so now the whole is
moved, & dispensed, by one hand directed by, one will, & for one
purpose, by a bold and reckless politicians. - By men who are
not ashamed, in open day; to go into the house of Representa-
tives, as they did on the Tariff bill, and drag by the very, collar
the dissatisfied, or Tired & doubted adherents, into a vote for a
bill which, these feared recusants; had in their places declared
was distruction to the country!!! Hence now, this patronage will
be used with double effect; that it was then. The change of the
Tariff, and the establishment of the sub-treasury; widen the
means of payment, to dissatisfied friends; while the army; fur-
nishes vast facilities for bribery, and corruption, and who dare
tell me; that knows the present dispensers, of the blessings of
a war for the "extension of the area of freedom"; that these
weapons of power, will not be vigorously used. Who can tell
the power of this patronage, in such hands? In the days of
Washington, men knew not the power of this arm, of the govern-
The Mangum Papers 485
ment; if they did; the Humblest citizen, would have scorned, to
have been influenced, in his political opinions, by the bestow-
ment on him, of the highest office: not so now; since Jackson
taught the dispenser; that it was the lever of power; the receiver;
that it was the price, of obedience. Between this, and the fall
of '48; in all probability, there will be more than one hundred
& fifty millions of Dollars, expended by our government, it will
all, be channelled for the same purpose - the gathering together,
under the wings of Locoism, every interest. Are you prepaired
to answer, how much reason, & sound sense, this will over-rule;
how much dissatisfaction, it will silence, & how much support;
it will buy?
Depend upon it, I am not. Then we have a mighty work to
achieve; and enormous evil to overcome - mark the difference
in the roads, we travel - while we appeal to the reason, and in-
voke the patriotism, of the people; they openly go forth, into
the streets, offering honor & Gold; saying as the woman did to
her victim, who Soloman saw & observed, from his window;
"I came forth to meet thee, dilligently to seek thy face; & have
found thee", who shall answer for the result? Nothing but the
most active, most determined & energetic measures will suc-
ceed against such a combination. It is full time to begin. Re-
member, the vast territory, over which our operations, are to
spread themselves. Our lines of communications, are not yet
established.- Those of our opponents, are complete, and in op-
eration, to the centre of every neighborhood - in each; paid
agents are already on the ground, actively engaged in the dis-
tructive work: But how is it with us? Which of us knows what
another is doing? What is our plan of operations? Who are our
helmsmen? Where are we to look for our flag? To whom report
the countersign of our friends? We are good Whigs, give us an
open organization, & an efficient set of leaders, who shall devise
the way, that is the best & we shall travel it. Let this be done,
before individual ambition, or local interests, shall seize hold
of parts of our forces; so that when we shall come to ask their
support, they have, by their own supposed interests; or by the
wiles of our adversaries; determined, only to give it, if we yield
some of our dearest principles;- This we cannot do.- Yet, if
they were applied to at an early day, would be fully satisfied,
with what we, can readily yield. Something ought to be done,
and at once, to soothe the nativists, to moderate the aboli-
486 State Department of Archives and History
tionists, - To run "a muck" with the anti-Calhoun-Loco-interest
in the south, - to win a coaHtion with the anti-veto-Loco, & 54.40 -
interests, of the west & south. These are all small, but in some
instances determined parties; who, no doubt, if set about wisely
& in time, much that is salutary may be done; without yielding
any of our main principles; and especially the natives, who are
a growing party, mostly, taken from the Whigs; who in fact
ask nothing, but what I believe, the Whigs feel absolutely to be
necessary (if I abate the name they assume), for the preserva-
tion of republican Liberty - If that be so, and we both are sin-
cere, & I feel the Whigs are; where is the great matter to be ar-
ranged? The Whigs, I trust will ever be on the side, of those
born at home if indeed, there shall come a necessity, to resist
too much foreign influence; and who that has carefully noticed,
all the phases of Locofocoism, for several years, & especially for
the last congress, shall be able to declare, that that party do
not especially, and particularly, look to, & demand and expect,
support from all foreigners as such. I confess with shame, that
this appeal is to be found, in nearly every speach of the full
blooded order of Locofoco-ism, & that I fear, such a contest has,
or will soon; become inevitable - If so, I am for the home party
against the world. If it is asked, how all these arrangements,
are to concluded, & by whom? I answer by a committee for this
city - of our noblest spirits, in whom our friends delight to
trust - Subordinate Committees, of the same class of men, all
over the country, by whose influence money can be raised by
private donation; with which to buy, & send documents, statis-
tics, & debaters (where needed) for all public assemblies & to
the people in general; to give them the light of truth the
faithfullness of true patriotism - seeking & dispensing nothing,
but the truth - That when we do succeed, it may be a victory, of
truth & true patriotism - over the spoilers of the country - Such
a victory will last. But who, without these exertions, can ex-
pect, that we shall succeed. I confess I am not among the num-
ber. The next thing of importance - yes - demanded - I had
almost said - we could not succeed without it - Is a press in
Washington with editors of the new school of events - In fact
at least of the present age, - possessing, talents energy, policy
& efficiency, who can write pointed paragraphs, of from two
to four inches long, instead of whole columns of long & tedious
articles, whose length insures that none but the man of leisure
The Mangum Papers 487
or the "gentleman & schollar" will read them - exclude them
from the colums of all country papers, unless they leave out all
their advertisements, & Local news. - Editors who will not stop
in the heat of an excited campaign, on the termination of which,
is staked the liberties of a nation, to write a long criticism,
showing their knowledge of gramar - or fill a whole colum,
with an apostrophy to the beauty of some classic quotation,
from Homer or Tacitus, to show the depth of their learning.
But men who can condecend, to write articles, that even the
busy labourer, may read, & country news papers copy, & who
are natives of the greatest of all countries - men too who would
likely, be able to to save enough out of millions of patronage,
to keep up the fire upon the enemy. - And who were not too
dignified, to watch, as well behind, as before. - to fight enemies
in the front, & also "in the rear," & to be willing & capable to
drag to the light, without so much pretended delecacy; the
midnight schemes of our opponents; & thereby crush, in the
bud many of their distructive & selfish purposes; or if not able
to do that; at once to excoriate, the political backs of these dark
workers of distruction; that the anti-dote may go forth with the
poison, that the people may know, before they imbibe, the loath-
some nature of their doings: & who, too can do these things
without either Tongs or Gloves. I bear testimony with the
greatest pleasure, to the high moral stand of the Intelligencer;
to the gentlemanly & courteous articles, that therein appear,
and to the general correct mode of thinking displayed in its
colums, but "Jo. Gales," is farther behind the present light-
[n]ing speed of the times, in all that regards political usefully in
such a contest; as a leading editor; than Fultons Old first North
River Boat, was behind the Princeton, the Cambria, or the
Knickerbocker, of the present day. It is one of the things cer-
tain, not to be disputed; that, if any man or set of men, were
so simple, as to attempt to run Fulton's Old North River Boat
(were she here in the same plight she first left the Wharf at
N.Y. for Albany) in competition with such boats, & ships above
named; every New Jersey Bumpkin, or Lazeroni of the Wharfs,
of N. York, would laugh them to scorn; and yet the whigs are
resting, to that extent at least, the whole destinies of the nation,
upon the services of an editor, still farther in the rear of those
he is expected to out-run.
488 State Department of Archives and History
It is no answer to say, that our opponents have for the
present, selected a simple old Jesuit as a counterpoise, to our
"gentleman & schollar" for they will soon change him for 'a
Blair'; but if they do not, the refined & classical gentleman, has
ever been an easy prey, to that jesuistical system, which is all
things to all men, where the spoils are concerned. In fact, the
Intelligencer should be bought out, by our friends, at once; and
the same policy persued with Mr. Gales, that was played off
successfully with Blair & Reeves. If you leave him there; & a
Wreck as it were of centries gone bye, and establish a new paper,
his necessities & the sympathies of good men; will cause a di-
vision when patronage is to be given out; & your new editors,
will not only not [be] rewarded, but Gales & Seaton, will be
none the richer & this will endanger a victory. Remember I do
not propose an immediate nomination of our candidates; but
the establishment of committees, the collection of money, the
buying and distributing such documents and other political in-
formation; as will be useful in inlightening "the Boys" the
spirit of which last expression the Whigs, have always; {except
in 1840) neglected: then we went to them, for the first time on
their own terms, then they rallied to us, by thousands, & so
they will again, if we seek them on their own ground. We have
courted & won, the city "Belles & Beaux" & have won & still re-
tain their ardent desire, for our success; Let us have these pub-
lick documents & debaters, armed with truth & patriotism, to send
to every nook & corner of our beloved country; to show the
honest labourer & husbandman, the true distructive schemes, of
our oponents in their true light, and in this manner "the hearts
of the people will be prepaired for war," not indeed for an on-
slaugh, upon either England, or Mexico, but against a power,
far more destructive & dangerous, to the stability of our institu-
tions; than hoth these nations together.- a power, whose chief
aim, is to embroil the poor, against the rich - a party who openly
proclaim that "to the victors belong the spoils." These two
things both strike, directly at the very root of all free govern-
ment- This spirit must be rebuked by the Whigs, or else your
children, will not all have departed this life, in all probability -
till a mighty Empire is established on the ruins of this our re-
public— When the great struggle, will be for the purple, in-
stead of the Presidency. If any one should take exception to
The Mangum Papers 489
my proposition, to prepair the people beforehand, not only for
the election, but to dissignate the candidates also; my answer
is easily given - It is of necessity, the only mode of success. I
was raised & still am a politician of the old school, & have al-
ways, do now, & I have no doubt forever shall; consider the
course as pointed out by the Vanburen School under the de-
nomination of caucus, & now almost universally adopted by the
Loco foco party, in place of the ballot box; as intirely anti-Re-
publican & distructive in its character of all free government &
if it is continued and once is fully adopted by the people in
general we shall soon be a nation of slaves, enstead of free men.
In our State, it is a finable offence, to set fire to the prairie; and
yet without the exception appearing on the face of the statute,
it is usual for all our people, when at a distance they see the de-
vouring flames, raging towards them, with an inevitable tend-
ency, to consume their fences, their Hay stacks, & their houses;
they at once go to "firing against fire" & so, save their own
premises, from distruction, & are justified in the eye of the law;
by inevitable necessity, for self preservation. Indeed in the
art of healing, we have in modern days something of the same
kind; tried it is said by late experimenters, with great success;
as when a person is prostrated, with the most raging fever; the
successors to the old quacks familiarly as "number sixes" who
now adopt the cognomen of "Hot drops venders" They give in
these extreme cases of the most violent fevers, these drops; said
of all other substances, to be the most inflamatory in the chem-
ical Laboratory; & thereby, beat the fever at its own game. It is
consumed by a substance, still more raging. I therefore see, no
anti-dote to this abominable caucus system; but to burn it up,
by administering in constant doses that which is more powerful -
the light of truth & correct information — These, & these only,
vigorously administered, & in the proper manner, will drive
this shameless system of caucussing - This ruling this Thinking -
of the few - for the many - give truth & light to the latter,
& they will hurl from their illgotten places the former. This if
done, must be done by others, than the party in power, at pres-
ent- The Whigs alone must to do this; if they do it not they are
equally to blame for having let the heritage of their fathers -
a free & happy government - dwindle in the worst of hum-
bugery. The duty of the Whigs now can only be done, by the
490 State Department of Archives and History
dissemination of truth, to all corners of the country, by com-
promising FORMS, & in forcing & adhering to the great land
marks, of republican freedom, as handed down to us, by the
fathers of the revolution at least- "Them's my sentiments/'
You are aware, there are many isms struck off into little
squads, all over the Union, many of which I feel sure if treated
in a proper manner - if something is yielded to them - and if as-
surances are given to them, by our accredited agents -our proper-
ly organized committees, headed by our most trusted & leading
men, can easily be brought into unison, with the Whigs & yet
the whigs hold on to the main, principles of their creed. This
is a work of time, & can only be done by committees, or some
such organization, which are authorised, or at least accredited, to
speak for the whigs in general. And this is why I address you.
Your position has not only the highest in office amongst us, but
whose public course, I believe has given general satisfaction, to
every body but especially to all Whigs; it is therefore they look
with confidence to you to give direction, & energy to whatso-
ever movement is necessary to insure our success.
I as one of the Whig party, have given you my views, not
however with any expectation, that they will be litterally car-
ried into effect. I know too well the very great difference of
opinion, that is sure to seize upon different minds, even when
all are bent upon the same end; to look for this. I have already
received answers, to similar suggestions, from some of our
truest friends, says one "its too soon to begin yet" another if
we establish such committees "our opponents, will make a great
handle of it" and yet another - a kind of political predestinatian -
"Let the people alone, they'l do right." My answer is, that what-
ever is worth doing at all, is worth being done now & in the
manner, that will do it best, and to the predestinan portion of
our friends, their views are very much like, one of Mr. Clay's
foolish maxims; foolish as far as applied to the general affairs
of this life- "Truth is mighty & will prevail" - so it will in
heaven - on earth it never did - as to man doing right that is let
alone - he may hereafter- There are, if any, but few proofs it -
so far as the same is applied to general politics. Were the peo-
ple let alone, previous to & during the Revolution? did not the
old patriots of '76 attempt in this same way, to prepair the
hearts of the people for, war, & when it was commenced did
The Mangum Papers 491
they not in the same way, encourage them to nerve their arms,
in so unequal a contest- If they did not, do this why was old
John Hancock, Samuel Adams, & others so ardently sought for
over their fellows by the British, if they had not urged, by
speeches, by writing; nay by every means in their power; at-
tempt to rouse their fellow citizens to the defence of their
rights. - are not we now trying, to defend these same rights,
not indeed at "le pas d'arms", but at the ballot box, where in-
deed our institutions are according to the Creed of the Whigs
equally as infamously attackted, as were our rights by England
before the revolution - England then declared, what our op-
ponents do now to "the victors belong the spoils" Then the
British taxed, us without allowing us any representation, in
parliment - is not that the open effort of our opponents- It is
true, in spite of all their efforts, we have some nominal
representatives, in Congress But do they meet us there, in
open debate to reason upon the matter, - no sir, they
gather beforehand in midnight caucus to themselves, & decide
what is to be done, & go into the Hall to register what King
caucus has determined - and if any one of the party - as for
instance a member from Ohio, or New York, should show a
spirit of recusancy, by saying Fll defeat your hill; do not their
chiefs, who hold the loaves & fishes in their hand, come down
intirely out of their sphere & shake them openly by the collar,
till they are brought back to caucus standard- Is not this done,
in open day? can it be said it, is too soon, to begin to eradicate
this damning iniquity, are we not taxed without representation
recollect we went to the people in 1840 for the first time, on
their own terms; they came to our suppt with a vengence on
evil doers Let us try it again, & we shall not be deceived. I
leave for home in a day or two, where I shall be happy to hear
from you.
Your friend
John Wilson
[Addressed : ]
Hon.
Willie P. Mangum
Red-Mountain
North Carolina.
492 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
John Hogan^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Utica New York, Sept 17th. 1846.
Private
My dear sir
I hear with regret that you became indisposed before you
left Washington. I hope that your health is again restored &
that you enjoy your usual good health for no one knows better
than myself the want of that blessing- but since my return
home my health has much improved still I am a little under
the weather & fear I shall be for some time- Your friends in
this State (and let me here say you have many) are highly
gratified & rejoice that you will come back to the Senate (it is
needless for me to say that no man in this State is more highly
pleased & rejoices over your success than your humble Servant,
for my dear Judge let me here say that the interest of our
Country demands at this period her most true and experienced
Statesmen to keep within bounds of prudence legislation in our
National Councils- it is true by the united efforts of you Gent
in the Senate at the last session of Congress our Ship of State
was kept from the quick sands believe me when I say to you
that in my opinion another storm is gathering. The imprudence
of Some Gent will still spur them on and their disappointment
last winter will only spur them to greater efforts whether for
weal or for woe- but I must throw aside those misgivings and
hope for the best- I will take a glance at the political prospects of
this State, N. Y) We are all divided into Sixes and Sevens
Wright & ante Wright helter skelter every one for himself, un-
fortunately the Gen Administration does not exercise one whit
of influence neither can it from its its [sicl present untoward
position in this State
Your People are settling down on Fillmore & they are uniting
all through the State from present appearances they all have
a maj of members of Congress. Should they continue their
efforts as they have commenced they will Elect Fillmore by a
large maj We Calhoun men are looking quietly taking but
little part in fact none
isTSee above, 419.
The Mangum Papers 493
The Abolitionests in my opinion will not get more than 6000
votes in the State probably less the Natives will do but little.
We will try & defeat your friends if we can but the effort will
I fear prove an abortive one. Although not having the pleasure
of having acquaintance of Mrs Mangum & family I hope they
enjoy good health- Drop me a line & let me know the State of
your health
The weather here through August & up to this time has
been oppressively warm-
Accept Sir for your self & family my best wishes for your
health ad happiness & prosperity
I have the honour to be your
Obt servt
John Hogan
Hon W. P. Mangum
Private
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
North Carolina
WPM-LC
James E. Harvey to Willie P, Mangum.
Chemung, N. Y.
Sept. 22d. 1846.
My dear Judge.
Since my letter to you from Saratoga Springs, I have tra-
versed something like 2000 miles, between the East & this reg-
ion. In Massachusetts, there is no sort of sympathy for any
demonstration in favor of Webster. Indeed, the repugnance is
stronger than I was led to suppose. Many, very many old-school
Whigs have not even yet forgiven his Fanueil Hall Movement &
toleration,^^^ rather than admiration is the true light in which
he is regarded in important quarters. A very excellent feeling
prevails towards McLean, but as yet there can be said to be no
classification or siding of interests. From what I could gather
^8See above, III, 302n.
494 State Department of Archives and History
among the Whig Editors & others in Boston, it is clear to my
mind, he will eventually constitute the choice & concentrate
the force of that region.
During the past week, I attended the great Agricultural
State Fair at Auburn for four days, where there was a Collec-
tion of some 20 or 30,000 people, mostly substantial & intelligent
Farmers. I made it a special point to mingle among the masses
& after ascertaining political preferences, to draw out an ex-
pression of opinion in reference to the Presidency. Many were
already impressed with the policy of running McLean, because
he lives in a free State & therefore is presumed to be sound on
questions, in which they feel concern - others on account of his
great purity of Character & still some because he was a self
made man, & raised himself from his own exertions. Generally
speaking, there was a want of information as to his history.
& when I entered upon the incidents of his life, as I did every
night after the parade, to groupes of 10 & 20 in a Conversa-
tional tone, I found not only ready listeners, but new & decided
friends. I distributed all the numbers of the "Sketch" I had
in my portmanteau & afterwards the farmers came to me with
thanks & expressed a degree of enthusiasm, that I have rarely
witnessed on such occasions. I am now confident, it is of the
utmost importance. We should spread some 100,000 copies
of it at the opening of the next session, to be read & reflected up-
on in the long winter nights — this will enable the people for
once to indicate their own candidate & to get the start of the
Leaders. If you concur in this View do send me a letter to that
effect & upon the general policy to Cincinnati by the post after
this reaches you, so that I may be backed by the weight of your
name and judgment, in laying the matter before the Judge's
friends, as I intend to do, upon my arrival there, which will be
about the time I may expect your answer. If this document is
properly disseminated in New York & Pennsylvania, trust me
there will be no difficulty about the Convention & still less about
the election, if we unite as we undoubtedly will in such an
event.
In this State & particularly in this County, Cayuaga & others,
the Locofocos are split into the most irreconcileable divisions &
I find all my opinions about a concentration on the day of elec-
tion erroneous. In this County, Saml. Young the atlas of Wright
The Mangum Papers 495
Democracy, was thrown overboard for the Convention, though
regularly nominated & in the face & eyes of 700 majority. That
feud has widened every day Since & the Old Hunkers, ^^^ who
produced that result by the help of the Whigs, proclaim publicly
they will either desert the polls or vote for the Whig Nominee
if Silas Wright is again presented. My hope of the result is
strengthened by the fact, that that interest will control. Every
cause of strife, difficulty & complaint is embodied in Wright on
account of the partial distribution of the spoils & all the venge-
ance of the opposing faction will be vented on his head.
Our Whig friends, I am gratified to say are united & harmon-
ious over the Country parts & there is not a ruffle upon the sur-
face, except among the unadulterated herd of assinine editors
in the City. The people exhibit very little interest, as to the
nomination of State officers & are prepared to support zealously
whomsoever the Convention will recommend. The appearances
are that John Young^^^ will be nominated for Governor & he
or whoever else is chosen will call out a great vote - such as
not been given at a State election in years. The prospects are
really flattering & I can conceive of no serious mishap that can
blight them, notwithstanding my experience in disappointments,
between this & november. There will be a large slipping off
among the locofocos & the example of Maine (for which 9
cheers) will stir up the blood of those who have either principle
or integrity left. Things look quite as well as you would disire
[sicl.
I have been staying here for nearly a week under the hos-
pitable roof of my friend John C. Clark^^^ whom you remem-
ber in Congress & who is firm in our faith. He is making mis-
chief among the enemy & has a candidate "ready salted" to be
started against the regular nomination, which is the true way
of breaking up their discipline & efficiency.
i59When Polk became President, the two New York factions of his party became bitter rivals
for patronage. Marcy, who led the Hunkers, was appointed to the Cabinet. Van Buren, the leader
of the Barnburners, was disappointed. Wright, as governor, worked for harmony. When the legis-
lature met in 1846 the Hunkers proposed resolutions endorsing Polk's administration. On this resolu-
tion the Barnburners made a fight. In the convention which followed, Wright was renominated, but
the disaffection in the Democratic ranks led to the election of the Whig candidate, John Young. Her-
bert D. A. Donovan, The Barnburners: A Study of the Internal Movements in the Political History
of New York State, 1830-1832, New York. 1925, 67-73.
i^oSee below, 513n.
leiSee above, 366.
496 State Department of Archives and History
My health is considerably improved & I am gaining ground
beyond my expectations, which necessarily lightens my spirits.
Pray do not neglect the letter, referred to
As ever
Your friend
James E. Harvey
Judge Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
No. Ca.
WPM-LC
Weston R. Gales to Willie P. Mangum.
Raleigh, Sept. 22, 1846.
My dear Sir:
I think it i due to our long friendship, to say to you, that in
all Communications I have received, and in all the conversa-
tions, I have heard, not one individual has expressed himself
in terms towards you, other than those of decided favor, in con-
nection with the Senatorial appointments. Perhaps, this infor-
mation is unnecessary, but I know, if you do not, that some
person or persons for reasons of their own, have very studiously
kept before the public, the idea, that you contemplated de-
clining a re-election. Fearing, that if nominations were allowed
to be made in the Newspapers, predicated upon such intention
on your part, pledges might be given, and difficulties thus
thrown in the way of the party, of carrying out its true feelings
and wishes, I have steadily resisted, as I shall do, all nomina-
tions through the Press. Of course, when two individuals are
nominated, (as Badger & Osborne^^^ were in the "Star") it pre-
sents the idea either of pretermitting your claims, or that you
have declined a re-election.
i*'2He refers to George E. Badger and James W. Osborne. The Whigs put up Badger and
Mangum. The Democrats supported Asa Biggs and James J. McKay. The two Whig candidates were
eleaed. Norton, Democratic Party in N. C. 147-148.
The Mangum Papers 497
I trust that either Mr. Badger or Gov. Morehead may be
associated with you, and I think it will be the latter, if he will
permit his name to be used. Entre nous, I have no idea that
Badger would accept. But, if neither of these gentlemen are
taken up, and we go upon the small-fry, as Gaither calls them
in a letter to me, when shall we touch bottom? By the way,
alluding to Gaither's letter I will copy a passage: "If Mangum
does not positively decline, he should be re-elected by all means,
by an unanimous vote, and the Haywood vacancy filled by Mr.
Badger or Gov. Morehead. Badger is my first choice. More-
head next. I wish it could be known that Badger would ac-
cept, as it would put a stop to the electioneering for the small-
fry of the party."
I have written this hasty letter, my dear Sir, not to elicit a
reply, but simply to explain my course of action, and to express
to you the very high regard which I entertain for you personal-
ly-
Truly your's
Weston R. Gales
P. S. Rayner has just stepped in, and says that the Commun-
ication in the Star, nominating Badger & Osborne was written
by Henry W. Miller- so he is informed.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum,
Red Mountain,
Orange,
N. C.
Via. Franklinton) [Postmarked:]
Raleigh N. C. Sep 22
WPM-LC
Charles Nichols to Willie P. Mangum.
New York Oct. 1st 1846
To The
Hon: Wm. P. Mangum
Dear Sir,
Availing myself of the pleasure of my slight acquaint-
ance with you, through our mutual friend the hon: N. P. Tall-
498 State Department of Archives and History
madge and being about to leave for Amsterdam I take take [sic]
the liberty of troubling you with a few remarks relative to my
Post: as I understand Mr. Buchanan is preparing a report on
the Consular establishment. It is not generally known there
are two appendages connected with my station; one at the Texel,
the other at Hartigen. At both of these Ports I am obliged to
have established agents under compensation which imposes up-
on me a heavy tax. I have spent of my private means rising six
thousand dollars in sustaining this Consulship - living in the
anticipation of a fair salary. You may therefore imagine, dear
sir, my disappointment when I heard Mr Campbell's report as-
signed only $1500 to my Post. With the exception of London,
Amsterdam is the most expensive living in Europe and as it is
a diplomatic station all acknowledge it should have a salary
at least equal to that of Paris. I trust the hon: Wm. P. Mangum
will allow these facts their due weight and be kind enough to
aid me in obtaining a fair and adequate salary for the Amster-
dam Consulate which will will [sic] ever be gratefully remem-
bered.
I have the honor to remain
Your Obedt. Servt.
Charles Nichols.
P.S. This communication I have requested to be forwarded
after the convening of Congress.
[Addressed:] To The
Hon: Wm. P. Mangum
U. S. S
Washington
D. C.
WPM-LC
N. Sargent^^'^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Phila. Oct. 16. 1846.
Hon W. P. Mangum
My dear Sir,
Our election is over, & we are triumphant.^^^ The proba-
bility is that we have gained six members of Congress - five
i^'-'See above, III, 410; Michael Kraus, The Writing of American History, 1953, p. 315.
i64jrj Pennsylvania the Whig vote in 1846 was 7500 larger, the Native American was 7000
less, and the Democrats 20,000 less than in 1845. The Whigs gained Congressional seats, and in
the legislature they controlled 18 of the 33 seats in the senate and 66 of the 100 in the house. Henry
R. Mueller, The Whig Party in Pennsylvania, in Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law of
Columbia University, New York, 1922, Vol. CI. No. 2, 132-133.
The Mangum Papers 499
certain - & that we shall have a decided majority in the House
of Rep. We have also gained several Senators. The Whig
Candidate for Canal Commissioner, the only officer for whom
the whole state voted, is probably elected by from 5000 to 8000
votes! Counties which never before failed to give large Loco
majorities have given Whig majorities of from 200 to 300
votes.- This is the reply of Pa. to Mr. Sevier, who, you remem-
ber, said she voted with her eyes open in '44, & would give the
same vote again. I only fear our victory is too soon, & will in-
duce the Locos to modify the tariff, & make extraordinary exer-
tions to elect their governor next year. The result in this State
decides N. Y. I look upon Young's election in that state as now
safe, & not the less so for Webb's impolitic opposition to him.
Very sincerely
Your friend
& Obdt Servt
N. Sargent
WPM-LC
John B. Fry^^^ to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington, D. C. Oct 23d. 1846.
My dear Sir:
The election returns continue to be of the most cheering
character to the Whigs. I have received letters from some of
our best informed Whigs in New York; all of which encourage
the expectation of a Whig triumph in that State on the 3rd
proximo. It looks, now, as if we were to have a majority in the
House of Representatives, in the 30th Congress. Is it not your
opinion that we shall? The President & his Cabinet are in sad
spirits. Unless something shall turn up to check their reverses,
I do not think they can survive much longer. They are politically
dead already.
You will recollect, that before you left Washn. we con-
versed together upon the necessity of obtaining a list of the
entire voters in New York - of all political parties - to enable
us to send speeches & documents to them from the opening of
the next Session of Congress until the termination of the next
i«5See above, J. B. Fry to W. P. Mangum, August 24, 1846.
500 State Department of Archives and History
Presidential election. I believe this to be a very important
step, and one which v^ould be more effective than any other
we could adopt. If we take it, I verily believe that all the
powers of loco-focoism in that State, could not take it from
us in 1848. As soon as the election in New York on the 3rd
Novr. is over will be a good time to take the matter in hand.
If you still think well of it, will you write a letter to me, urging
the plan? It would inspirit our New York friends.
I hope your health has been good, and that our bright po-
litical prospects are as gratifying to you as they are to your
many friends here and elsewhere.
I am with great respect
Your friend & Obt. Servt
John B. Fry.
Hon: W. P. Mangum.
I write in great haste.
WPM-LC
James E. Harvey to Willie P. Mangum.
Philadelphia
Oct 24. 1846.
My dear Judge,
I returned here yesterday after a tour of more than 3000
miles, embracing Ashland and many other points of interest.
In this jaunt, I have endeavored to acquaint myself with the
sentiment of the masses of the people in various quarters as to
the Presidency and upon other topics. I think I have gleaned
something in this respect.
In Ohio, McLean is stronger than the Whig strength by
from 10 to 20,000 votes-^^'^ There is no enthusiasm for him,
but a deep-rooted respect for his intergrity, character & ability.
I have heard influential Locofocos in different regions of the
State, say they would support him in preference to any other
candidate & I know the fact personally, he could secure another
i^^In 1845, under the leadership of Mangum, Crittenden, and Clayton, the Whigs had turned
away from Clay as their prospective parry candidate in 1848. Feeling then turned to Scott and Corwin
as the candidates, but Scott got into a controversy wih Marcy that hurt him. By the latter part of
1846 there was considerable feeling among the leaders for John McLean and Mangum for candidates.
Before the campaign got well under way, however, McLean had lost popularity. Poage, Henry Clay
and the Whig Party, 153.
The Mangum Papers 501
influence which no other candidate can touch- this too in the
face of his well-known decisions supporting the constitutional
principle to the fullest extent. I have now in my possession
a letter from Charles Sumner Esq. of Boston, the great leader
of that interest in New England, stating his unqualified friend-
ship &c &c- pressing the opinions on this matter, which the
lamented Story used to him in relation to it, in his last illness-
Every important print in Ohio is in favor of McL. & so are all
the old & safe leaders of the Whig party. Corwin's friends
under the direction of Schenck are endeavoring, to produce a
temporary diversion in his favor by appealing to the young
men of the State, but it will amount to nothing unless resisted
& that our friends are determined not to do. It is a sort of the
dog-in-the-manger game with Cor win, in whom we were not
deceived.
Mr. Clay is not without hope for the future & the recent re-
sult will encourage him exceedingly- I was at Ashland when
Maryland sent forth the first note- I can therefore estimate
what the others produced- particularly that in this State & to
what account it is credited. More occurred on this subject than
I can trust to the honesty of Cave Johnson's mail bags, but
all of which, you will be informed when we meet.
Here there is a growing inclination & strength for our ticket,
which is improving hourly also in the Western parts of the
State.
I conceive it of the highest consequence that your legisla-
ture should make a demonstration in favor of the Ticket as
now understood by the Country- McLean & Mangum. Let Res-
olutions be passed expressive of confidence in his character &
his ability to secure success. These with a proper letter will
bring him fairly out & he will reply in a manner that will give
the fullest satisfaction. If this is not done, I fear our victories
will be bootless- they will be appropriated as evidences of per-
sonal justice in a region that you know of & will make serious
difficulties to our future progress. Whereas, if this movement
is made in North Carolina, Tennesseee & other legislatures will
follow it up & the country will gladly rally on a conservative
candidate- There are tens of thousands who only want a pre-
text to join our ranks, which they will never find while Mr.
Clay is in the field.
502 State Department of Archives and History
I tell you after a calm & patient investigation of the matter-
after much personal observation & inquiring & some acquaint-
ance w^ith men, I believe McLean can produce just such a revolu-
tion as occurred in '40. It only needs to be properly started &
you have now got the game in your own hands.
If you think I can be serviceable at Raleigh in any way to
bring this about, do notify me by the next post- I consider it of
the very last importance. This move made & the game is ours-
Whig success in 48 is no longer doubtful.
As Ever
Your friend
J. E. H.
I have been urged to press this upon you from very high sources-
We shall carry New York!
WPM-LC
Henry A. S. Dearhorn^^^ to Willie P. Mangum and Enclosures.
Hawthorn Cottage,
RoxBURY Masst. Octo, 26, 1846
My Dear Sir,
As abolitionism has, unfortunately, been blended with po-
litical organizations, in the North, I have considered it a duty,
as a citizen, of the whole Republic, who is a zealous & determined
advocate, for the maintainance of the Union of the States, &
the intergrity & entirety of the National Constitution, as the
Palladium of our safety & Prosperity, to endeavor to refute the
erronious statements, which are made, as to the conduct of the
Southern portion of the American people, & to forewarn those
of the Northern States of the disasterous consequences, which
are to be apprehended, from the exasperating speeches, resolu-
tions & other reprehensible proceedings of the leaders of the
abolitionists; & enclose two articles which I wrote & were pub-
lished in the Boston Daily Eagle,i<^s on the 8th & 24th. inst-
signed, - "The Union of the States" & "American Citizen."
^'"Henry Alexander S. Dearborn, 1783-1851, was a lawyer, collector of customs of Boston, and
brigadier general in the period before 1829. He was a member of the state legislature in 1830,
Congress in 1831-1833, and mayor of Roxbury in 1847-1851. Biog. Dir. of Cong.. 892,
lasfjjg [Boston] American Eagle was established in December, 1844.
John Jordan Crittenden, 1787-1863. From a photographic negative by Brady in the
collection of Frederick H. Meserve of New York City.
The Mangum Papers 503
If you will think them worthy of republication in your state,
as the views of a New Englander, I should be gratified to have
it done; & should it be, you will do me a great kindness, by
transmittinCg] the papers, in which they may appear.
Very respectfully,
Your most obt. St.
Henry A. S. Dearborn
[Addressed : ]
Hon. William P. Mangum,
U. S. Senate
WPM-NC
Enclosure I
Daily American Eagle
Thursday Morning, Oct. 8
ABOLITIONISM, THE SYNONYME OF REBELLION.— The
spectacle, which was presented in Faneuil Hall, a short time ago,
by the Whig Convention and the abolition meeting, must be re-
garded by every true friend of the Union, as of a most lament-
able and dangerous import.
Has it come to this, that a few fanatical, ignorant, deluded
and unprincipled demagogues, can expect that the people of
Massachusetts, are so lost to every principle of duty — so re-
gardless of the solemn admonitions of the most illustrious
patriots of the Revolution, as that they will have the effrontery
to proclaim their determination, not to be longer governed by
the constitution and the law of Congress; but will set up
conscience as an infallible code for their guidance. A code,
which the remorseless bigots, and hypocritical ambition, in
all ages, have adopted, and under its pretended holy sanction,
deluged the earth in innocent blood.
As to the abstract question of slavery, there is but one
opinion throughout the civilized world; but as to its political
application in regard to the States where slavery exists, under
the protection of law, the citizens of other portions of the
Union have neither the right or the power to interfere; or is it
504 State Department of Archives and History
possible that they can, but by revolution and a civil and servile
war; for it is impracticable to so alter the Constitution of the
United States, as to change any of those provisions w^hich formed
the elements of compromise between the North and the South,
and resulted in the establishment of the Great Charter of the
Republic.
There are but two modes in which the constitution can be
amended, viz: — 'The Congress, whenever TWO-THIRDS of both
houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments, or on
the application of TWO-THIRDS of the several States shall call
a convention, for proposing amendments, which in either case
shall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as a part of the con-
stitution when ratified by the legislatures of THREE-FOURTHS
of the several States, or by convention in THREE-FOURTHS
thereof.'*
Is it to be expected, that two-thirds of the States will pro-
pose, or three-quarters of them ratify amendments if recom-
mended by Congress, which shall impair the rights they now
enjoy, when half of the States tolerate slavery, — as do fourteen
of the twenty-eight which now form the Union.
For the purposes of gaining partizans, the abolitionists have
resorted to unjust, unfeeling, unchristian and erroneous ac-
cusations and statements, to exasperate the north against the
south, and have charged upon its citizens that anti-protection
policy which has characterized the administrations of Jackson,
Van Buren, and Polk, when the great States of New York,
Pennsylvania and Ohio, with Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Maine
and New Hampshire, have given such decided votes against
discriminating duties. Was not Polk, whose partizans in Con-
gress, have repealed the Tariff of 1842 and passed the ruinous
act of the last session of Congress, elected by the votes of the
Free States, when it was well known that he uniformly had
been, and was, a decided and ultra opponent of all measures
which had for their object, the developement and advancement
of all branches of National Industry.
The result of that election was as follows: — Of the 164 votes
of the free states, Polk received 103, and only 67 of the 111 slave
states votes; while Clay, the distinguished father of the Ameri-
can system of protection, obtained 44 slave states votes, and but
61 of the free states. If the 164 free states votes had been given
The Mangum Papers 505
for the latter he would have been chosen by 53 majority, if all
the slave states had voted against him.
Thus, while nearly two-thirds of the free states were given
to the antiprotection candidate, nearly half of the slave states
votes were in favor of the tarijf candidate, who had labored,
daring his whole political life, for promoting the interests of
AMERICAN CITIZENS, on the ocean and on the land,— in the
work-shops and manufactories, — for the extension of lines of
inter-communication, by roads, canals and railways, and for
the prosperity of the whole country.
The reiterated declaration of the leading abolitionists and
of the anti-slavery tariff politicians, that the South is hostile to
the North, is as fallacious as it is illiberal and reprehensible.
Every Southern President, from Washington down to Jack-
son, earnestly recommended the encouragement of AMERICAN
MECHANICS and MANUFACTURERS, as well as LETTERS,
SCIENCE and the ARTS. In fact the Protective Policy orig-
inated in the South, and the tariff of 1816 was established by
Southern advocates and Southern votes, while it was strenuously
opposed by Massachusetts.
From the dawn of the Revolution to its triumphant con-
clusion, did not the South as zealously and fearlessly contend
for NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, as the North? and during
the last war with Great Britain, for Sailors' Rights and the Free-
dom of the Seas, did not the South evince a like devotion to the
honor and glory of the Republic?
What portion of the Union has produced more sincere, able
and eloquent advocates for protective duties than numerous
Senators and Representatives from all the slave states? Who in
the North has done more for the advancement of AMERICAN
LABOR, in all its forms, than Brown and Johnson, of Louisiana,
Lowndes, of South Carolina, Leigh, of Virginia, Pinkney and
Johnson, of Maryland, Clay and Crittenden, of Kentucky, and
a host of other zealous and eminent Statesmen beyond Mason
and Dixon's lines.
After such demonstrations of the most exalted patriotism,
is it decorous, manly and honorable in the North, to indulge in
vituperation against the South, and clamor for a dissolution of
the Union, because a temporary cloud has passed over the
South, and a portion of its citizens have been deluded by the
506 State Department of Archives and History
modern deceptive cry of 'free trade,' v^hen it is notorious, that
it is the free states v^hich have established the infamous Anglo-
concocted tariff bill of 1846. With 136 votes in the House, to 92
from the Southern states, is it not the free states v^hich have
brought down themselves the evils that portend, to every por-
tion of the country, while many of the slave states were gen-
erous, faithful and able allies of the Protectionists of the North.
The effort, therefore, which is now being made, to excite an
enmity in the north against the south, is not only unwarrented
by facts, but treasonable in its import and consequences; for if
the views of the ultra abolitionists are carried out, in their
fullest extent, there must be open rebellion, and a vindictive
and remorseless civil war. How important is it then, that we
should revert to the teachings of the wise, honest, and venerated
founders of the Constitution; and well may we ponder on the
grave and parental advice of the immortal Washington, which
is contained in the following extracts, from his ever memorable
Farewell Address: —
'The unity of Government, which constitutes you one people,
is the main piller [sic] in the edifice of your real Independence;
the support of your tranquility at home, of your peace abroad,
of your prosperity, of that liberty which you so highly prize.
It is, therefore, of infinite moment, that you should properly
estimate the immense value of your national Union; that you
should accustom yourselves to think and speak of it as of the
palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for
its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing what-
ever may suggest evan a suspicion that it can, in any event be
abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning
of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the
rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the
various parts.
'The name of American, which belongs to you, in your na-
tional capacity, must always exalt the just pride of patriotism.
You have, in a common cause, fought and triumpted [sic] to-
gether; the Independence and Liberty you possess are the work
of joint counsels and joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings
and success.
'These considerations speak a persuasive language to every
reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit the continuance of
The Mangum Papers 507
the Union as a primary object of patriotic desire. To listen to
mere speculation, in such a case were criminal, with such
powerful and obvious motives to Union; — and there will always
be reason to distrust the patriotism of those, who in any quar-
ter, may endeavor to weaken its bands.'
Citizens of Massachusetts! — reflect seriously upon this solemn
advice, of the greatest and best man that ever 'lived in the
tide of time,' and like him, support to your last hour of exist-
ence,—
THE UNION OF THE STATES
WPM-NC.
Enclosure II
Daily American Eagle
Saturday Morning, Oct. 24
For the Eagle.
MR. PALFREY AND THE NATIVE AMERICANS.— It is as
extraordinary, as lamentable, that a gentleman of the intellect-
ual attainments of Mr. Palfrey, should be so far deluded by
abolitionism, as to pervert facts and deduce conclusions, in
such an unwarrantable manner, as has been illustrated in his
letter to the Committee of the Native American party.
He stated that 'there is going on, under the pretended ad-
mission of the national government, a sudden importation of
dangerous foreigners, to an extent vastly greater, than what
enters through the Atlantic. Sixty thousand such, with their
slaves to swell their votes have just been entered by act of
Congress, at the south west.'
With what propriety can the citizens of Texas be called
'dangerous foreigners,' when nearly the whole of them were
Native citizens of the United States, who had emigrated to that
country and formed an independent Republic, on the principles
adopted by our State and national gove[r]nments? Are they to
be branded as 'dangerous foreigners,' when they had been
born and reared in the United States, and were Mr. Palfrey's
508 State Department of Archives and History
fellow countrymen, during most of their lives, and contained
among them as able and as good men as himself?
Are Native born Americans to be classed v\^ith the mass of
more than 200,000 aliens, w^ho are annually landed upon our
shores from Europe, and most of w^hom cannot speak our lan-
guage, or read or write that of any other country? Is it patriotic
or just, to hold up to public scorn and denunciation the citizens
of a new State, which has been constitutionally admitted into
the Union, not by 'slave power/ but by the votes of the free
States; for while they have 136 votes in the House the slave
States could not have done it with their 86 votes. Besides, were
not those citizens descendants of the soldiers and patriotic free-
men of the 'Old Thirteen States,' who achieved our Independ-
ence and established the charter of our rights, and therefore
entitled to our respect and affection? They well knew the value
of civil and religious liberty, and wished the broad aegis of
their native country to be extended over them.
Are the owners of slaves, in the southern States to be
called 'vagabonds,' because they do not concur in opinion with
a northern man, who sits [sic] himself up as an umpire, to de-
cide how the people of the south are to manage their own
affairs, and provide for the security of their property and lives,
in conformity to the rights secured to them by the Constitution
of the United States? Were the Washingtons, Jeffersons, Madi-
sons, Patrick Henrys, Pinkneys, Lees, Rando[l]phs, and Car-
rolls, of Revolutionary renown, designated as Vagabonds,' by
their northern compatriots, because their lands were cultivated
by negroes? Let northern men attend to their own concerns, and
have the magnanimity and justice to allow to those in the
south the same freedom of conduct.
The people of the South believe that they are competent to
decide what it is proper for them to do, as any of the fanatical
teachers of morals in the North. Men who are so clamorous for
reformations in distant parts of the country, should recollect
that it is not certain they are free from sectional prejudices, and
erroneous conceptions of duty, and may be guilty of wrongs
which strike at the very foundations of the Union. We are
bound, as citizens of a vast and common country, to cherish a
respect for the interest of each State, and endeavor to render
The Mangum Papers 509
the name of American dear to every individual, who has the
right to call himself a citizen of any of these United States.
Mr. Palfrey further states that 'the passage of a bill which
takes the bread from the mouths of the free and intelligent
workingmen of Massachusetts, was carried through the Senate
by the votes of two persons from Texas.' Now what are the facts
in relation to the passage of the tariff bill of last July? Was it
the result of that 'slave power,' which seems to have been cre-
ated by the imaginative terrors of the man who deals in such
round yet baseless assertions? So far from it, the free States
established that act; and in the Senate, instead of the votes of
the 'two persons from Texas,' as the Senators of that State
have been insultingly designated, there were ten votes given
for it by seven of the free States, while there were nine votes
against it from six of the slave states. If, therefore, all the
votes of the free States had been against the bill, it would have
been defeated, in the Senate, by a vote of 37 to 18, notwith-
standing the votes of 'the two persons from Texas,' in favor of
it. — Was it then candid and correct? was it honest and proper
to state that the bill was carried through the Senate by the
votes of 'two persons from Texas?' Are such declarations de-
corous, or even excusable in any man capable of reading the
daily published proceedings of Congress; and more especially
in a gentleman, who, from his high public station, should have
known better, and who assumes to speak with such a confident
and authoritative tone of intelligence.
In the House there were fifty-one votes in favor of the Tariff,
on its final passage, from eight of the fourteen Free States, and
twenty-one agains[t] it, from seven of the fourteen Slave States.
If, therefore, all the Free States had voted against the bill, it
would have been rejected by a vote of 146 to 63.
Thus, it is apparent, that nearly half of all the votes in the
House, in favor of the Tariff bill, were from the Free States,
while a third of those opposed to it in the Senate, were from the
Slave States, when more than a third of the votes of the Free
States in that body were given in favor of the bill.
It was not to have been expected, that an aged and edu-
cated man could have been so infatuated by an abstraction, — a
visionary and impracticable conception, as to so pervert his
powers of ratiocination, and so completely paralyze the judg-
510 State Department of Archives and History
ment, as to render him incapable of comprehending facts and
giving them that influence, v^hich they must ever command; —
that he should not only err in results, but be induced, from false
conclusions, to utter unjust and aggravating epithets against
a large portion of his countrymen, when the exalted conceptions
of duty as a citizen, the dictates of honor, and the precepte of
morality required, such liberality of sentiment, integrity of
principle, charitable magnanimity and enlarged views of pa-
triotism, as would have effectually restrained reproach and
silenced animosity.
We became an independent nation by the united valor of
the south and the north, and have gloriously advanced in pro-
sperity by the harmonious co-operation of all the states in the
establishment of laws for the development of the natural and
industrial resources of all parts of the country. — For more than
sixty years has this Republic gloriously advanced in the career
of individual happiness and national grandeur; and it was not
until a few fantatical demagogues raised a rebellious clamor of
hostility against the South on the subject of slavery, that there
was any animosity in thought or action in one section of the
Union against another. The sable flag of abolitionism was un-
furled more from the hope of gaining political power, by the
leaders, than a philanthropic regard for the condition of the
blacks. There were as honest, and honorable, and christian men
in this country during the revolutionary war and from its close
to the baneful advent of that treasonable spirit, which puts the
Constitution and laws at defiance and acts from a presumptuous
reliance on its own infallibility, as are now to be found among
the arrogant declaimers for universal emancipation; and those
venerated patriots here in the north, rightfully considered that
the subject of slavery was confined to those states where it ex-
isted; for they formed and acted on the opinion which that
distinguished champion of the constitution, the Hon. Daniel
Webster, honestly and independently declared in the presence of
the assembled delegates of Virginia 'under an October sun,' viz :
Hhat Congress has no power, directly or indirectly, to inter-
fere with the slave interests of the South.'
The wild leaders of a corps of desperate men, may hurl the
torch of destruction into our magnificent temple of liberty, be-
cause the African does not participate in all its rites; but where
The Mangum Papers 511
are the enlightened and able architects among their maddened
and furious partizans, who can re-edify that venerated struc-
ture, when rashly reduced to a mass of broken and blackened
fragments.
To destroy is the passion and vocation of the visionary and
unprincipled, — of folly and of ignorance; but to create, — ^to
conceive and establish, requires that rare combination of
genius, intelligence, firmness, and indomitable perserverance,
which characterised the illustrious men, who laid the deep and
broad foundations of this vast Republic; while the chimerical
reformations of the modern transcendental hierophants of mor-
als, are to be accomplished, like the conquests of the Sythians
by the indiscriminate destruction of every institution of govern-
ment, and of every individual who does not adopt their creed
and follow in their ranks. With the words of peace on their
lips, they wage a war of extermination against their fellow-
countrymen in the South. Alas! for the infirmities of the mind
and heart of man. He sees not the terrible consequences of his
desperate acts, nor does he hear the mild voice of reason when
extravagant assumptions have usurped the throne of intelli-
gence, and he becomes a lamentable object of pity and fear, in-
stead of a revered apostle of wisdom to direct the triumphant
march of the human race in the grand route of civilization and
moral excellence.
We must be wary how we listen to the ravings of a maniac,
lest we also become demented and degraded from that lofty
position, which it is desirable should be attained by every
AMERICAN CITIZEN
WPM-LC
Thos. J. Green to Willie P. Mangum.
Washington City
October 31st. 46
My Dear Sir:
As you may have seen by the New York papers I was mar-
ried to Mrs. J. S. Ellery of Boston on the 24th. instant.- My
512 State Department of Archives and History
brother Majr. N. T Green, ^^'^ was with me on the occasion &
left this city this morning for home. — Before leaving I promised
to write to you for him-, to say that, on Tuesday the 10th. Novr.
he will have many of your and my friends to meet myself and
Lady at his house and beg that you and family may be present. -
His present residence "Forest Cottage," is in two miles of An-
drews Tavern where you will get an easy direction. -
Let me my Dear Sir, add my wish also that, you will come
down even if it be that your Lady and daughters cannot ac-
company you.- We will have quite a blow out if old wine,
pretty women, good music & eating and a boundless welcome
can make one.- Many of your friends will be there so come to
spend some days and the Majr. and myself will go to Raleigh
to help you if necessary in your election.-
With sentiments of warm and devoted friendship I subscribe
myself,
Yours truly -
Thos. J. Green.
[Addressed:] Hon. W. P. Mangum.
Red Mountain P. O., Orange Co.
No. Carolina.
WPM-LC
J. H. Clay Mudd'''' to Willie P. Mangum.
Planter's House,
St. Louis, Nov 2, 46.
My dear Sir,
I left Burlington three days ago. Enclosed are all the re-
turns from the election, known up to that time. They were
furnished the "Republican" here, from which I cut this slip.
Iowa is, however, certainly Whig, and nothing under Heavens
can prevent the election of two Whigs, good and true, to the
Senate. You must go back to welcome, and urge them on.
i^'OMajor Nathaniel T. Green was a member of the North Carolina Council of State in 1848-
1850. N. C. Manual, A'bl .
i^"He wrote a campaign biography of Taylor in 1848. Hamilton, Zachary Taylor, II, 119.
The Mangum Papers 513
All told, the Legislature will most probably stand ;-
Senate. House.
Whigs 11 23 .
Locofocos 5 13 .
Independents 3 3 .
Most truly
J. H. Clay Mudd.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum.
WPM-LC
P. C. Cameron to Willie P. Mangum.
Orange Co. Sunday noon. Nov. 46
My dear Sir
"Show yourselves joyful - all ye lands," sing, rejoice and
give thanks - sing to the harp with trumpets also and shawms-."
I have just this instant received a letter from my father in the
city of Philadelphia and the Polictical news it gives is so good
that I cant keep it from you. The old Gentleman says "This
city is alive to the results of the elections which took place in
N. York and N Jersey on tuesday the 3rd inst : in the former the
Whigs have elected their Gov. - Young vice Wright - a majority
of the members of the State Legislature - and of Congress! in
the latter the Whigs have elected four out of five members of
Congress - and a decided majority of the Legislature! ^^^ So
much for Polk - Dallas and the Tariff of 1846. After reading
this you will hardly fail to sleep soundly-: Did any poor devils
ever have such a time as he of the White House and his friends.
I was promised by our friend Mr Cain a visit from you; but
now hardly hope to see you- I leave Home next Sunday morn-
ing for Raleigh on my way South - as you no doubt contemplate
being at Raleigh (as you should) let me propose that you
come this far next friday evening and we will travel down to-
gether.
I'^^In the fall eleaions in 1846 the Whigs carried many former Democratic states. In New York
John Young, the Whig candidate, defeated Silas Wright, the popular Democratic leader, by 11,572
votes. See the next letter also.
514 State Department of Archives and History
I desire to be named in proper terms of respectful regard
to Mrs. Mangum and Daughters.
faithfully your friend.
P. C. Cameron
Hon W. P. Mangum
Orange Co-
Mr Bennehan has a letter from Col Ed: Yarborough (of the
Hotel Raleigh) who says that Youngs majority in New York is
from 8, to 10,000—
[Addressed:] Hon W. P. Mangum
Home.
Jim/ Orange Co.
Willie P. Mangum to Paul C. Cameron^'^^
At home.
Sunday night 8*^. Nov. 1846
My dear Sir.
I cannot sufficiently express my thanks for your favor, by
my old friend Jim Cameron. -
The news is glorious; & to me, not unexpected.- We must
avoid a collapse, and the victory is certainly ours, at the next
Pres: election.-
My family has been sick, & my youngest daughter is now
confined to her chamber.
I regret not to have been able to see you & your family; &
especially, my old & constant friend, your excellent uncle.-
I am extremely gratified to learn from various sources, that
he looks better than he has for two years.- I go to Franklinton
on Friday, & to Raleigh on Saturday.- I am not done sowing
wheat, otherwise, I should take your route.- I hope to See you
in Raleigh and also, Mr. Bennehan before I leave. I have
southern notions also- We can't live here with slaves, unless we
have accumulated Capital to support them & us.-
i^^The original is in the Cameron Papers, University of North Carolina.
The Mangum Papers 515
In a word, accept my best thanks & present me to your ex-
cellent wife in the best manner.- & to your brother Tom, & your
uncle as they know me to feel towards them, & all of you.
Most truly
your friend
Willie P. Mangum
To Paul C. Cameron esq.
[Addressed : ]
Paul C. Cameron esq.
Farintosh, N. C.
Jim Cameron
WPM-LC
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum.
New York 17th. November 1846.
My dear Sir
There was a good reason, why you did not give me a few
lines, on your departure from Washington last summer, after
the adjournment of Congress, because you was sick. But I
now hope Sir, that you will do me the favor, to let me hear
from you in regard to your health. I congratulate you, and all
good Whigs, throughout the U. S. on the prospect before us,
of better political days, and as a consequence, better every
thing. Has not Penna. and New York, done well? And Sir, I
assure you in this quarter, there is a very decided change, in
public opinion in regard, to bringing Mr. Clay forward again
in 48. I percieve a decided change, since August last. The peo-
ple, whom I see every day in our streets, and from all parts of
the Country, appear to consider it dangerous, to bring Mr. Clay
forward again, ^^^ notwithstanding all this Whig gain, in Penna.
New York & other States. They reason in this wise, that the
same accusations against him, by the democrats, will be brought
i^^Clay refused to announce his candidacy in 1846 and 1847 although he still hoped to obtain
the nomination. When he found that his life-long friend Crittenden was one of those grooming
Taylor, he was very much disappointed. He continued to hope for the nomination up to the time
of Taylor's selection. On the first ballot at the convention he received 97 to Taylor's 111. The
results were a great disappointment to Clay and his followers. Van Deusen, Life of Clay, 384-393.
516 State Department of Archives and History
forward with increased virulence, with the Texas affair, and
its consequences, newvamped. And some of his warmest, old
friends, begin to think, it will be dangerous to rely on him,
as a candidate in 48. For say they, should he be elected, the
chances are against him, that he never will see the end of his
administration. They all speak of him, just as we all feel to-
wards him, in the most kind and affectionate manner.
In selecting a Whig candidate, for Governor of New York,
the Whigs have acted with great wisdom; because Mr. Young
united all the little "isms" in the state. And I daily tell these
same people, that if they will act as prudently, in selecting
judge McLean of Ohio, for the Presi'y. and Senator Mangum
of N. Carolina, for vice Presdt. they will elect them, with the
same overwhelming majority. This has long been my opinion.
It has been slowly increasing ever since, I had the pleasure of
seeing you. It has become in a great degree, public opinion.
For instance, such men as Frank Granger,^"^^ ( although he is not
fully orthodox for me) yet he sees and knows "everybody"-
He says, it will be very hazardous, to think of bringing Mr.
Clay, out again in 48, for the Presidency. That judge McLean
of Ohio, is the most safe, strong and reliable man. One of our
most active and influential speakers and writers, (a merchant)
a devoted friend of Mr. Clay's, told me last week, that he began
to doubt, the propriety of placing Mr. Clay again, before the
People, for the Presidency in 48. and gave the same reasons,
pretty much that Granger did. He said, it could not be disguised,
that judge McLean of Ohio, was a very popular candidate, and
observed, that independent, of his great and good political
character his good moral, and methodist religious name, would
secure him, a most triumphant majority. And today, I've just
seen a leading Whig from Buffalo, the brother in law of our
Governor elect, John Young, who says, that he has no idea,
that Mr. Clay will be a candidate again for the Presidency,
that in his opinion, it would endanger the great Whig party to
think of him again. He says, there is a strong impression, on
the minds of the people, in his part of the State, that Mr. Clay
does not desire, to be a candidate.
One of our most able Whig writers, an editor of a popular
magazine, said in Wall St. last Saturday, (and who had just
^''^Postmaster General under Harrison. D. A. B., VII, 482.
The Mangum Papers 517
returned from Washington) that if the Whigs, would be wise
enough, to select John McLean of Ohio, for the Presidency,
and Willie P. Mangum of North Carolina, for vice President,
they would elect them, "with a rush."
Some of our good democrats are desirous, that the Whigs
should bring forward Mr. Clay, for the Presidency again, so
that, they may have another opportunity, of beating him, in 48.
it is said by some of the ''would be family," that the elevation
of Mr. Young, in our State, has killed two candidates for the
Presidency. Henry Clay & Silas Wright.
From every section of the U. S. I have good tidings, of the
popularity of judge McLean and Senator Mangum.
I avail myself of this opportunity, to renew to you. Sir, my
very great respect & kind feelings.
Your friend & Servant
J. B. Mower
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Red Mountain
N. C.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senator
Red Mountain
N. C.
WPM-LC
John W. Norwood to Willie P. Mangum.
Hillsborough Nov 20th 1846
My dear Sir
When I offered my boy Jacob^^^ to you I thought you seemed
disposed to purchase him, but it was not then convenient for
you to advance the money.
i75See below J. W. Norwood to W. P. Mangum, December 8, 1846.
518 State Department of Archives and History
I have it now in my power to make the time of payment
such as you may desire.
I am daily expecting a meeting of the family to dispose of
the remaining negroes belonging to my father's estate, my
mother having declined to keep house longer. And as I am to
take the land it will be necessary for me to have hands, and
disposing of Jacob will enable [me] to retain one of the family
negroes in his place.
I bought him for a carpenter, to which trade he had been
regularly brought up. Not having as yet had any building to
do I have kept him in the field and cannot say what sort of a
workman he may be. He is a good field hand & good domestic
servant. I gave for him $600 & will sell him for the same.
If you will take him you can send me your note for that
sum with Mr. Cain or any other good man security, and the
money will not be needed during the life of my mother, but
the interest must be paid annually as she will need that as
part of her income.
Be so good as to allow me to hear from you without delay.
To be certain of reaching you I have written to Red Mountain
also.
Yrs very truly
J. W. Norwood.
[Addressed : ]
Hon W. P. Mangum
Raleigh
N. C.
The post master will )
please deliver this )
immediately. )
The Mangum Papers 519
WPM-LC
W infield Scott to Willie P. Mangum
Washington, Nov. 20, 1846.
My Dear Sir:
The President & the Sec. of War, have acted nobly towards
me.^^^ Please make no audible speculations at present on the
subject; but wait for a while.
Yr friend,
WiNFiELD Scott.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
&c &c &c
[Addressed : ]
Hon. W. P. Mangum,
U. States' Senator,
Red Mountain,
No. Carolina.
Willie P. Mangum to Charity A. Mangum J
77
Senate Chamber.
Monday 7th Dec. 1846
My dear love,
I have arrived here safe and well. The Senate has just met.-
I feel uneasy about Mary- I hope you will have advice for her
without delay.- I write simply to let you hear from me.
My love to all the children.
Your affectionate husband
WiLLE P. Mangum
To Mrs. Cha. A. Mangum
I'^^Polk did not like Scott. In September Scott had requested that he be sent to Mexico, but
Polk refused. On November 17, in a Cabinet meeting, the majority concluded that in spite of his
faults Scott ought to be sent. Polk was reluctant to make the appointment, but, after consulting Benton,
he gave in. Scott was delighted at the appointment. Justin H. Smith, The War with Mexico, I, 354;
McCormac, James K. Polk, 455; Quaife (ed.) , Polk's Diary, II, 239-246.
I'^^The original is in the possession of Mangum Turner, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
520 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
John W. Norwood to Willie P. ManguTuJ^^
Wilmington N. C. Deer: 8th 1846
My dear Sir
I left home with a part of my family for this place on the
10th instant. To day I learn from home that you have agreed
to take Jacob & the terms stated by you are entirely satisfactory
to me. Agreeably to instructions v^hich I left, the boy v^as
sent down to you. The note was not attended to; I presume it
was forgotten in the hurry of your starting for Washington.
My purpose in now writing is simply to say, that I am satis-
fied with the arrangement, and will execute, & send down to
Mrs. Mangum, a proper bill of sale as soon as I return home,
which will be about the last of this month.
I wish you a pleasant Session of Congress & that you may
preside over Clingman or some other Western man "from and
after" 4th of March 1849.
Yrs very truly
J. W. Norwood.
[Addressed : ]
Hon : Willie P. Mangum
U. S. Senate
Washington City.
[Postmarked : ]
Wilmington N. C.
Dec 9
WPM-LC
N. P. Tallmadge to Willie P. Mangum.
Fond du Lac, W. T. [Wisconsin Territory] Deer. 8th. 1846
Private
My dear Sir.
I have a sort of presentiment that the President will feel a
necessity to get Marcy out of the Cabinet,^^^ and that he will
i78See above J. W. Norwood to W. P. Mangum, November 20, 1846.
i^oMarcy served for Polk's term.
The Mangum Papers 521
attempt to do it by sending him on a Foreign mission- If his
name is sent to the Senate, I trust that body will not advise or
consent to any such nomination. He is a dishonest as well as a
dishonorable man, and the sooner he is permitted to retire to
private life, from which he ought never to have emerged, the
better for the interests and honor of the Country.
Previous to the extra session of 1837, Marcy, then Governor
of New York, called on me at my house, to advise in relation
to the contemplated Sub-Treasury Scheme, which it was sup-
posed Van Buren was about to recommend. Suffice it to say,
he advised me to go against the scheme,^^^ and assured me I
should be sustained by him, as the Executive, and by the
whole party in the State, of which he was the reputed head.
This advice being in accordance with my own views, I took my
ground accordingly, when the scheme was brought forward-
The bill was defeated- On my return to New York, I happened
to meet Marcy on board the boat, and conversed with him most
of the way from New York City to Poughkeepsie, where I
landed — In this conversation, which was in the public cabin,
he approved of all I had done at the extra session - said Van
Buren was ruining himself, ruining his administration, ruining
his party, and if he persists in his schemes, said he, he will ruin
the country - and, by the bye, he added, when I come to make
out my message to the Legislature he will want me to endorse
the scheme, but with an oath, said he, would do no such thing.
Notwithstanding all this, he did endorse it in his message!
and then united in denunciations of me for doing what he
recommended me to do, and what he approved after it was done.
These conversations with me were public, and on a great public
question- After these denunciations, I stated in a speech at a
public meeting, what his course had been- He denied it in an
editorial article in the Argus- I then wrote him to know if
he sanctioned that article, or if he would pretend to deny the
truth of my statements? To this letter he dared not give a re-
ply- After waiting a reasonable time, I came out with the
proofs of his having acknowledged to others what he had
said to me, and of his having denounced the Sub-treasury
scheme to others in the same manner as he had done to me - and
i^opor a good discussion of the Democratic factions in New York and the split between Tallmadge
and Marcy see William Trimble, "Diverging Tendencies in New York Democracy in the Period of
the Loco Focos," Amer. Hist. Rev., XXIV, 396-421.
522 State Department of Archives and History
convicted him before the public, by the most respectable wit-
nesses, of being a liar. The proofs &c were published in the
New York papers of that day, and a part of it will be found in
McKensie's publication. — A course so dishonorable should pre-
vent any such man from receiving the sanction of the Senate
of the United States — Had I been in that body, when he was
nominated as Secretary of War, I should have opposed his con-
firmation as being unworthy to preside over a Department,
where the highest sentiments of honor should characterise its
Head. I say nothing of his unfitness for such a place in other
respects - but, as a dishonorable man, he should receive no
countenance from the Honorable men which compose your
body.
I have nothing here that will specially interest you. We
look to Washington for news. I should be glad to hear from
you.
Very truly yours,
N. P. Tallmadge.
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
WPM-LC
Josiah Randall to Willie P. Mangum.
Phila. Deer. 13/46
Dear Sir.
I feel a deep solicitude about our position as a party. If Mr.
Garret Davis' views^^^ are carried out, we shall lose Penna. at
least I think so. It is evident Mr. Davis is doing what the friends
of Polk desire, they wanted to induce him (as Josiah Quincy
was) to move to impeach the Prest. We are in the war and all
these movements are more or less paralyzing the Administration
and likening us to the Hartford Convention.^^^ You will ask me
i8iWhen Polk delivered his war message in May, 1846, Garrett Davis, of Kentucky, asserted
that " "It is our own President who began this war.' " Again as a result of Polk's message in early
December, 1846, Davis introduced a resolution requesting the President to submit to Congress "all
orders to military and naval officers relating to the establishment of civil governments in the con-
quered provinces." His purpose was to show that Polk had aaed illegally in establishing governments
in Calilornia and New Mexico. McCormac, James K. Polk, 415, 459.
i**2From the first, many Whigs had opposed our entrance into the war, but they could not aflford
to oppose its prosecution. At the same time that they voted for appropriations to prosecute the war,
they criticised Polk for getting the country into war. They blamed Polk for the mistakes of the war,
and yet they gloried in the victories won by Whig generals. They were constantly in a dilemma.
They could not afford to seem unpatriotic, and at the same time they blamed Polk for bringing on
an unnecessary war. Smith, The War with Mexico, II, 272-280.
The Mangum Papers 523
what I desire. It is, to vote all supplies and postpone the settle-
ment of the conduct of the Admn. till the war is over, there
is time enough to settle the acct. after the war and before the
Presidt. Election. Penna. is in for the War and desires it con-
cluded to the honor of the Country, and I firmly believe if you
go on attacking the Admt. at every assailable point, we shall be
identified with the enemy. Do these attacks change one vote?
I do not believe they do. If I remember right, Mr. Crittendin
took this ground, when the war commenced. If we had not
come out for the War; even the ground of the Tariff would
not have saved us. I am so accustomed to differ from you at
W. that I write rather to gratify myself than in the expectation
of doing anything which will dissuade our Hotspurs from de-
stroying our prospects.
Yours truly
J. Randall.
W P. Mangum Esqr
WPM-LC
J. B. Mower to Willie P. Mangum.
New York 13th. Deer. 1846.
My much esteemed friend
Dear Sir
I thank you most respectfully & kindly, for your very
friendly letter, of the 1st & post marked "Rl. Rd. Way," the
10th. deer, yesterday. And I hasten to reply to it, promptly be-
cause, I think from the advices, I have received from Washing-
ton, & other places, that there is some mischief brewing. And
if it is possible, it must be amicably prevented. I concur most
cheerfully, to all your "inquiries & observations," to *'the
opinions I held when, we last had an interview," and my faith,
has grown stronger, every month, since I left Washington,
that there is no name, among the Whigs, that can secure so
large a vote, and with so much confidence, and good feeling,
and not one word of abuse, as John McLean of Ohio. I also,
most cordially agree with you, that I had ''rather see him
524 State Department of Archives and History
(Clay) now Prest. than any man in the Union." In short Sir,
we perfectly agree, in every particular. I am sorry, to see such
a disposition, to bring him forward again. Just so sure, as he
is made a candidate again, just so certain, the democracy,
from Maine to Texas, is firmly united, against him. And de-
feat, is the consequence.
'The candidate must be selected, at the proper time, who is
likely to be the best, under all circumstances" there is no verse
in holy writ more true, than the above, from your letter. And
how is this, most desireable end, to be brought about? Suffer,
me Sir, to recommend one mode. J. M. Clayton, J. J. Crittenden
of Ky. and yourself are old and steadfast friends, of H. Clay,
when you three Gentlemen become satisfied, that the bring-
ing out of Mr. Clay, will endanger the great Whig party (and
you will most certainly be brought to that conclusion, before the
last of February next), who will you most confidently, and
with a sure prospect of success, rally on. Judge McLean of
Ohio. And to the end, that all things, shall be harmoniously
and honorably done. Judge McLean, in his own proper person,
must converse freely and frankly, on this topic, with you three
Gentlemen, and no others, at present, that when you four
Gentlemen, are united, then bring in a few confidential friends,
to advise with. And as you are, (as all the people say) to run
on the same ticket, with the judge - and which, two good names,
and first rate locality, makes so very acceptable to all, con-
cerned, there is no difficulty there. Mr. Clayton & Mr. Crit-
tenden, must be satisfied by the judge, that in the event, of his
being elected, they will be placed in as good ground, as if their
friend Clay was.
Is not this an important preliminary? And how is it to be
consummated. The Judge must not be timid. He must not have
any scruples in satisfying the friends of Mr. Clay. An honest
man, with a well balanced mind, never need fear, to say to
another honorable man, what he will do, in case of a certain
contingency. I suppose Tom Corwin of Ohio, is at work for
himself. And our little Ex Governor Seward, is also trying to
do something here, but I consider all these attempts, as mere
feelers. One reason, is said for bringing forward Mr. Clay is,
that the Empire Cluh is unanimously for him. It was said here,
some time ago, that a part of this club, had become friendly to
The Mangum Papers 525
Mr. Clay. That club, of this city, is made up of the veriest
hard characters, of the Tammany Hall people. They are mostly,
without brains, money, or manners. God help the man, that
puts trust, in the New York Tammany Hall politicians. That
pretence is ridiculous, on the face of it.
There was a Clay supper, in this City, last week, got up by
that crazy, "old man in Spectacles," M L Davis,^^^ and a num-
ber of very respectable Citizens attended, and some warm
toats [sic'] drunk, speaking in most unmeasured praise, of Mr.
Clay, as they ought to have done.
The Whigs as a party, acted with great wisdom, the last
session in aiding the administration, to fight the Mexicans, in
order the sooner, to bring about a peace. This war with the
Mexicans is, with the masses, rather popular than otherwise,
and Polks message to Congress, is cunningly put together, to
please this same mass, or superficial readers & hearers. There-
fore, I hope that the friends of the judge & yourself, will not
rush into too deep opposition, in appropriating funds necessary
to carry on the war, our gallant and thus far, successful army,
has begun. The great majority of the people, don't care a straw,
who the Presdt is, or who governs, all they appear to care for
is, conquest and subdue the enemy. The word is now, kill the
Mexicans. I am not now prepared, to oppose this mighty tor-
rent of a war feeling. Is it not better, to jump into the stream,
and help direct it?
I beseech you my dear Sir, that you take good care of your
health, and I am
with the Highest esteem
& good will
Your friend
J. B. Mower
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
U S. Senator.
Washington
i83See above, III, 290n.
526 State Department of Archives and History
WPM-LC
Job Worth to Willie P. Mangum.
Mt A[i]ry, Surry Co. N. C. Deer. 17th 1846
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
Dr Sir.
Altho a stranger to you personally you will pardon me
for addressing to you a few lines.
I feel in common with the whigs of this County much
anxiety to see the glorious principle of that Patriotic party rise
and remain in the ascendancy and there is probably no County
in the State in which the Battle is more Bitterly fought than
in "Old Surry" But the whigs have had a small majority for the
two last elections, and in order to retain it they are anxious to
have disemanated among the people such documents and in-
formation as will necessarly lead their minds to a proper con-
clusion. Any such information intrusted to my care shall be dis-
posed of in such a way as will Best promote that object.
The whigs of Old Surry Rejoice much to perceive that the
Legislature will probably remove that Infamous Gerrymander^^*
By which they are now misrepresented in Congres 3 to 6.
You will permit me to congratulate you upon your recent
reelection to the Senate of the United States and assure you
that the Whigs will have a fearless and able champion and de-
fender of their Political faith in the Senate for the next six
years.
I am Sir very Respectfully
Your Obedient Servant
Job Worth
Hon. W. P. Mangum.
W. D. C.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Willie P. Mangum
Senate of U. S.
Washington City
D. C.
i^After the Whigs gained control of both houses of the legislature in August, 1846, a bill drawn
by Kenneth Rayner was passed to regroup the counties in the Congressional districts so as to increase
the number of Whig Congressmen. After the census of 1840 the Democrats had passed a bill which
gave them an advantage. In the next Congressional election after Rayner's bill passed, the Whigs
elected six of the nine members to Congress. Pegg, "Whig Party in N. C," 250-251.
The Mangum Papers 527
WPM-NC
Willie P. Mangum to the Editor of the Union
Senate Chamber
2V\ dec^ 1846
To The Editor of the Union.-
Gentlemen,
A Neighbour of mine "a democrat," requests me to have sent
to him, the best democratic paper, here or at Baltimore.-
Will you be so obliging as to send to "Williamson Parrish^^^
esq^.- Red Mountain North Carolina," the Country Paper? -
Send the bill to me any day, at the Senate & I will pay it.
Your ob*.Ser*.
Willie P. Mangum
WPM-LC
William H. Thomas to Willie P. Mangum
Senate Chamber
Dec. 24. 1846,
Hon, W P. Mangum,
of the Senate,
Dear Sir,
I herewith enclose the copy of a Resolution introduced
by you last session,^^^ which for want of time failed to pass.
Allow me to ask of you the favor to ask Cain[?] to introduce
it again and have it referred to the Committee of Indian Affairs.
Also the memorial of the Cherokee Indians of No Carolina
bearing date June 25, 1846, submitted by Mr. Haywood last ses-
sion but the committee was discharged without making a Re-
i85in 1844 he was the Democratic candidate for the House of Representatives of North Carolina.
He was defeated. Hillsborough Recorder, August 8, 1844.
i88See above, 42 In.
528 State Department of Archives and History
port. I have some additional evidence in both cases, to submit
after they are referred
Your Obt Sevt
Wm. H. Thomas.
Ps. I am preparing to leave for Raleigh early in next v^eek
and would like to see the committee on the subject before I go.
W H T
WPM-LC
John Cameron to Willie P. Mangum.
HiLLSBORO 25th. Deer. 1846.
Hon: Willie P. Mangum
A merry Christmas to you my dear Judge & a happy New-
Year! I have not had much of a Christmas myself, as I have had
my hands full of business of a half a dozen different sorts;
among other things striving to draw up a company in the Old
County, to join Gen. Scott at Tampico. Our success has been
but partial so far, tho I am in hopes that I will be able to render
a better account in the course of another week.
I wish you would be kind enough to drop me a line of in-
troduction to the Gen. as in case we do not succeed in raising
a company here, I am determined to go out on my own hook —
I had the honor of an introduction to him in Columbus
Georgia during the Creek War, where in consideration of his
acquaintance with my father he was pleased to offer me a situ-
ation in his military family: It was out of my power to accept
it then, though if I cant go with a lot of Orange hoys, I should
like exceedingly to do so now.
He doubtless will have forgotten me ere this & I would
gladly be called to his recollection by so intimate a friend:
Your kind attention to this, will assure you be grateful] y
chronicled by
Yrs.
Ever truly & Sincerely
Jno. Cameron
The Mangum Papers 529
N. B. If you could procure me a few other letters to that quar-
ter of the world, I would be obliged.- Our mutual friends
are all well. —
WPM-LC
John McLean to Willie P. Mangum
[26 December, 1846.]
My dear Sir,
My friend Mr Sheets^^^ who will hand you this resides in
Indianapolis, Indiana, and is a gentleman of high character
and is universally respected. He has filled important offices in
Indiana. I have requested him to become acquainted with
you and he has promised me to call on you. He is worthy of
your entire confidence.
Very truly yours
John McLean
Hon. W. Mangum
26 Deer 1846.
[Addressed : ]
Hon. Mr-Mangum
Mr Sheets)
WPM-LC
Calvin Colton to Willie P. Mangum
New York, Dec. 28. 1846
Dear Sir,
We feel a concern here, lest some of the Whigs of the House,
should put the party in a false position before the country, as to
the War, & hope that you, of the Senate, will keep things
straight.
isjWilliam Sheets was Secretary of State for Indiana and a good friend of Harrison before 1840.
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, XVIII, 109.
530 State Department of Archives and History
We shall also be concerned about taxing tea & coffee^^^ until
we know more. As to the specie clause,^^^ we shall think you
are all poor Doctors, if you do not keep it in their stomachs
till they vomit up the whole bill. —
It seems evident you must have a floating dry dock at
Pensacola. I pray you to leave the kind of dock to a com-
mission. Knowing you to be personally in favor of that course,
I only mean to express the hope that you will make it con-
venient to advocate it in Committee & in Senate. —
Very respectfully Yours
C. Colton
Hon. W. P. Mangum
Willie P. Mangum to the President of the United States^^^
The Committee of arrangement have the honor to inform the
President of the United States, that the funeral of the Honorable
Alexander Barrow,i^^ a Senator from the State of Louisiana,
will take place from the Senate Chamber, on Thursday the 31st.
instant, at 12 o'clock. M
Willie P. Mangum
In behalf of the Committee
Senate Chamber, Dec. 30th 1846
Willie P. Mangum to J. J. Crittenden^
92
Washington City. 31^*. dec''. 1846.
10 O'clock A: M: -
My dear Crittenden,
The scene of yesterday in the Senate, & the part you bore
in it, have dwelt upon my mind, my heart, & my memory, the
whole time; as if it were burned in all, with a brand at white
is^To obtain more revenue for prosecuting the war, a bill was proposed to levy a special tax on
imported tea and coffee. This was entirely separate from the Walker Tariff. The Whigs opposed the
tea and coffee tax possibly for political reasons. The bill was defeated in the House, January 2, 1847.
Smith, The War with Mexico, 285, 482.
i^'*This clause in the Independent Treasury Bill of 1846 requiring specie payments for govern-
ment debts was not to go into effect for six months after passage. McCormac, James K. Polk, 668-672.
loofhe original is in the James K. Polk Papers, Library of Congress. The signature is Mangum's,
but the letter was written by someone else. Mangum had charge of the funeral service.
^''^Alexander Barrow was the Whig Senator from Louisiana from 1841 until his death December
29, 1846. Biog. Dir. of Cong., 674.
102'j'he original is in the J. J. Crittenden Papers, Library of Congress. This letter has been pre-
viously published in Mary Ann Coleman, Life of John J. Crittenden, Philadelphia. 1871, I, 265.
The Mangum Papers 531
heat.- You know me well enough to know; that I never flatter my
Friends. I have never flattered you.- I will therefore say; that
the more I know of you, the more I respect & love you.-
I would not exchange such a heart as yours;- were it mine
or my friend's; for one that the world, would ordinarily, call
good, & for all your high & brilliant eloquence & undoubted
abilities.-
Could our lamented & excellent friend Barrow have wit-
nessed the scene. His high & noble soul, would for such a
Tribute have been almost willing to meet his fate- premature-
as we short-sighted mortals regard it- for himself- for his
family & for his Country.-
Your friend,
Willie P. M[angum]
[torn]
To
The Hon: M"" Crittenden
[Indorsed:] Mangum 1846
Crittenden on
Barrows death
WPM-LC
John Beard to Willie P. Mangum.
St. Augustine, Deer. 31st. 1846
My Dear Sir,
I take the liberty to trouble you with a little business, by
attending to which you will not only oblige me, but also some of
your neighbors & friends in N. C.
By reading Mr. Mickle's letter,^^^ and my explanation on
its back, you will understand the whole matter.
I have committed it to your charge because you know all
the parties concerned. Be so good as to see that the business
be speedily arranged.
^^Xhis letter is not in the Mangum Papers.
532 State Department of Archives and History
Although we are not now of the same party I know you will
do me the justice to believe me when I say that I was gratified
by your recent re-election.
There are very few democrats, & there is no Whig in N. C,
whose election would have pleased me so much.
Very sincerely
Yours
John Beard.
Hon. W. P. Mangum
[Addressed : ]
Hon: W. P. Mangum
Senator, U. S.
Washington City
D. C. [Postmarked:]
Augustine Fla.
Jan 2
Index
533
INDEX
(Except for the chronological section under Mangum, Willie Person,
this index is in alphabetical order.)
A ganize a Clay Club, 46; plan
reception for Clay, 45-46.
Albany Clay Club, activities of,
132; invites Mangum to meet-
ing, 132.
Albany Evening Journal, men-
tioned, 368.
Albany Post Office, vacancy in,
19.
Albright, William, letter from,
410; seeks documents, 410.
Alcohol, used in merchant serv-
ice, 4; used in navy, 40.
Alexander, Q. C, invites Man-
gum to political rally, 134-135;
letter from, 134.
Alfred (slave), death of, 330,
377; illness of, 330.
Allen, William, mentioned, 116,
284, 420, 428n; proposes end
of joint occupation of Oregon,
363; resolution of, 402, 406.
Allison, Joseph, candidate for
clerkship, 299, 300; mentioned,
428; opposed for county clerk,
301.
Alston, Robert W., claims fraud
in the 1844 election, 238; de-
sires appointment with Man-
gum, 170; letter from, 237;
mentioned, 346, 347; seeks
collectorship, 239; sketch
of, 170n, 23 7n; unable to see
Mangum, 193; urges admission
of Florida, 238.
"American Citizen," mentioned,
502; opposes Nativists, 507-
511.
American Whig Review, editors
of plan article on Mangum,
398; publication of, 293n;
sketch of, 294n.
Amsterdam, pay of consuls to
inadequate, 498.
Anderson, Alexander Outlaw,
considered for Tyler's Cabinet,
28; sketch of, 28n.
Anderson (S.C.), legislative can-
didates of quizzed on national
issues, 143-148; public debate
in, 143-148; Whig candidates
in express their views on na-
tional issues, 144-148.
Anderson [S. C] Gazette, men-
tioned, 143, 146.
Andrews Tavern, mentioned,
512.
Abbot, George W., mentioned,
288.
Abolition of slavery in states,
considered unconstitutional,
503-504.
Abolition petitions, opposed, 13.
Abolitionism, as an issue in the
presidential campaign of 1844,
201n; attacked, 503-511; con-
sidered unconstitutional, 504.
See also anti-slavery senti-
ment.
Abolitionists, accused of partisan
expressions, 504; active in
Maine politics, 119; attitude
toward presidential candidates
in 1844, 176; effect of attitude
on Oregon question, 374; favor
acquiring whole of Oregon,
374n; hold balance of power in
Massachusetts and Maine, 83;
influence of estimated, 431;
reaction to annexation of
Texas, 268, 271; strength in
New York estimated, 493; sup-
port Fillmore, 105; support
McLean, 408.
Academy, established, 196-197.
See also under the names of
the several academies.
Adams, John Quincy, accused of
disunion sentiment, 83; elec-
tion of discussed, 191-192;
mentioned, 83, 212.
Adams, Mary Griffin, mentioned,
327n.
Adelphian Society, elects Man-
gum a member, 324.
Agnew, W. G. E., invites Man-
gum to speak, 336-337; letter
from, 336.
Agriculture, discussion of im-
provement of, 311.
Alabama, appointment of fed-
eral marshal in, 266; migra-
tion to, 120; slaves hired in,
17; supply of specie in, 46;
Whig strength in, 161.
Alabama Clay Club, convention
of planned, 189-190.
Alabama Democrats, dislike Van
Buren, 46.
Alabama Whig Committee, mem-
bers of, 190.
Alabama Whigs, mass meeting of
planned, 189-190; plan to or-
534
Index
Annexation of Texas, dangers of
opposition to, 78. See also
Texan annexation.
Anson County, Whig mass meet-
ing in planned in 1844, xii.
Anthony, Clark & Co., men-
tioned, 398n.
Anti-masonic Whigs, support
Fillmore, 105.
Anti-slavery sentiment, effect of
annexation on 271; extent of,
74. See also abolitionism.
Archer, Branch T., land of de-
scribed, 331-332; mentioned,
348n, 352; sketch of, 331n;
takes a trip to New York, 332.
Archer, William Segar, asks
Mangum to speak at rally,
137; conduct at Saratoga, 481;
disappointed with quality of
wine received, 449-450; letters
from, 137, 449; mentioned, 83,
121, 328; portrait of, opposite
page 257.
Arista, General Mariano, inac-
tivity of, 371.
Arkansas, considered pro-Clay,
124; crops in suffer from rain,
125; dominated by the Demo-
crats, 60; migration to, xv.
Arrington, Archibald H., favors
Cananay, 265; mentioned, 261.
Asheboro mass meeting,
planned, 153.
Ashburton Treaty, mentioned,
82.
Asheville Whig rally, planned,
xi.
Atkinson, Samuel C, edits Cas-
ket, 239n.
Atlantic and Mississippi Rail-
road, mentioned, 311.
Atwater, Caleb, author of Mys-
teries of Washington City, 243-
244; writes sketch of Mangum,
242-244.
Atwell, Richard H., discusses the
Whig vice presidential candi-
dates, 104-106; identified, 88n;
invites Clayton to speak, 85;
letters from, 88, 104; men-
tioned, 86; opposes the nom-
ination of Tallmadge, 105.
Atwood, Henry C, rejection of
opposed, 258; sketch of, 237n.
Auburn (N.Y.) State Fair, Whig
sentiment at, 494.
Auchincloss, James, letters from,
213, 474; praises Mangum,
213; presents Mangum with
walking cane, 213; urges the
establishment of United States
Bank, 475.
Audubun, John James, men-
tioned, 294n.
Austin, Stephen F., denounced
by Houston, 352; mentioned,
331n.
Avery, Isaac T., defeated for the
legislature, 169.
Bacon, D. Francis, advises an
investigation of election fraud,
244; charges election fraud in
New York in 1844, 244-245,
251; discusses plan for Clay
celebration, 417-418; invites
Mangum to clay celebration,
417; letters from, 254, 417; let-
ters to, 244, 250, 424; promises
to visit Washington, 251; re-
ports progress in election
fraud investigation, 254; un-
able to make trip to Washing-
ton, 254.
Bacon, Samuel, mentioned, 45.
Badger, George E., considered
for Senate, 477, 497; letter
from, 256; letter to, 69; men-
tioned, 68, 151, 164, 275, 497;
praised for removals at the
Navy Yard, 6; role in the cam-
paign of 1844, 151; urged to
attend the Baltimore Whig
Convention, 69.
Badger, Mrs. George E., men-
tioned, 257.
Baer, of Ohio, mentioned, 30.
Bailey, John L., mentioned,
434n.
Bailey, Sarah Jane, mentioned,
434n.
Bailey, Thomas B., invitation
from omitted, xvi.
Baltimore, voting fraud in al-
leged, 207; Whig gains in, 25;
Clay Club in, 25.
Baltimore Democratic Conven-
tion, criticized, 127; proceed-
ings of, 128n.
Baltimore Patriot, mentioned, 10.
Baltimore Whig Convention of
1844, enthusiasm in, 122-124;
mentioned, 119; sentiment in
for Vice President, 123.
Baltimore Young Whig Conven-
tion, mentioned, 86.
Baltzell, Thomas, mentioned.
239.
Bancroft, George, plans to
change system of naval pro-
motions, 366-367.
Index
535
Banellvill Mining Company,
mentioned, 100.
Banes, Mr., of Orange County,
mentioned, 300.
Bank of the State of North Caro-
lina, mentioned, 28.
Bank question, speeches on
sought, 126.
Bank of the United States, doc-
uments on sought. 111; senti-
ment for, 112. See also United
States Bank.
Bankrupt law, explanation of
sought, 274; federal decision
on sought, 275; serves as a
political issue in 1844, 112.
"Baptism of Pocahontas," men-
tioned, 375n.
Baptist academy established,
196-197.
Barclay, Richard, mentioned,
360.
Barnes, David A., letter from
omitted, xiii.
Bass, Sarah, seeks a pension, xv.
Barnum's Hotel, mentioned, 27,
122.
Barrett, J. C, accuses Democrats
of withholding documents, 222;
letter from, 222; requests pub-
lic documents, 221.
Barringer, D. M., blamed for the
Charlotte Mint not being re-
built, 295; letter from, 295;
mentioned, 55, 126, 151, 303n,
426, 428, 459, 460; seeks Man-
gum's endorsement 295.
Barrow, Alexander, agrees to
vote for Dickins, 333; death of,
530n; funeral services for,
530-531; mentioned, 424, 439,
481.
Barrow, Joseph, mentioned, 45.
Bates, Barnabas, mentioned, 21.
Bates, Isaac, death of, 280; men-
tioned, 66; speech of praised,
124.
Battle, William Horn, letter
from, 254; mentioned, 296;
sketch of, 254n.
Bayard, Richard H., mentioned,
206.
Bayly, Thomas Henry, sketch of,
79n.
Beal, Colonel W. M., mentioned,
361.
Beall, Robert, mentioned, 314.
Beard, John, asks Mangum to
handle business for him, 531;
expresses admiration for Man-
gum, 532; letter from, 531.
Beatty, Sophia, mentioned, 174.
Beaufort District (S.C.), dis-
union meeting in opposed, 146;
secession resolution of, 143;
Whigs in reported indolent,
151.
Beaufort-Neuse Canal, recom-
mended, 297.
Bee hive cuts, mentioned, 167.
Beers, Isaac, mentioned, 45.
Bennehan, Thomas D., mention-
ed, 43, 514.
Bennett, Colonel Joseph L., men-
tioned, 354, 359.
Benson, Mr., mentioned, 276.
Benton, Thomas Hart, course on
Texas approved, 229-230; cred-
ited with preventing war with
England, 460; mentioned, 56,
161, 212, 284, 347, 372n, 443,
453 ; promises support for Dick-
ins, 315; proposed for Presi-
dent, 438; reaction to Van
Buren's withdrawal as candi-
date, 128; resolution on Tex-
as, 268, 271; speech of praised,
273; speech of requested, 138;
splits with Democrats on an-
nexation, 268n; views on Tex-
as question, 229n.
Berrien, John McPherson, ad-
vised to support Spencer's
nomination, 11-12; agrees to
vote for Dickins, 333; letter to,
11; mentioned, 89, 211, 265,
471.
Berry, John, Democratic candi-
date for the legislature, 433;
mentioned, 444.
Bertie County Whigs, indolent
in 1844, 151.
Beulah Baptist Association, men-
tioned, 196.
Bickel, Henry M., informs Man-
gum of his election to literary
society, 364; letter from, 364.
Biggs, Asa, letter to omitted, xvi;
mentioned, 303n, 460, 496n;
speech of received, 459.
Bingham, William J., asks Man-
gum's assistance to collect a
debt, 62; letter from, 61.
Bingham's Academy, mentioned,
240.
Birney, James G., mentioned,
176.
Blacknal, Dr., attends Mangum's
slave, 330.
Blair, Francis P., letter of re-
ferred to, 191.
Blair-Clay correspondence, pub-
lished, 192n.
Blair and Reeves, mentioned,
488.
536
Index
Blake, John A., mentioned, 45.
Blake, Thomas H., mentioned,
234.
Blake, W. K., asks Mangum's
aid for the University repairs,
307; letter from, 307.
Bland, Mary A., land bounty
claims of, xv; petition of
omitted, xv.
Blount, Alexander C, letter
from omitted, xvi.
Bluffton movement, discussed,
143n; opposed, 146.
Blume, B. B., financial plight of,
27; letters from, 27, 139;
moves to Memphis, 139; offers
service to Whigs, 139; plans to
move West, 27-28.
Bobbitt, John B., attendance at
school of, 163; invites Sally
Mangum to Louisburg, 162-
163; letter from, 162.
Bond, Richard C, mentioned,
303.
Book of Maxims, preparation of,
187-188.
Boston Atlas, mentioned, 94, 95.
Boston Daily American Eagle,
carries two editorials against
abolitionists, 502; copies of ed-
itorials from, 503-511.
Boston Whig Republican Asso-
ciation, activities of, 335, 336.
Botts, John M., advises Whigs to
campaign against war, 363;
letter from, 363; public dinner
for arranged, xi.
Boyd, Linn, mentioned, 192.
Boylan, William, mentioned, 378.
Bradley, William A., treats Rags-
dale kindly, 221.
Brady, Mathew, photograph by,
opposite page 502.
Brady, Thomas, mentioned, 90;
sketch of, 9 In.
Branch, John, mentioned, 239.
Branch Clique, mentioned 239.
Brassfield barbecue, planned, xi,
148, 149, 150. See also Gran-
ville County.
Brewer, Thomas M., mentioned,
92n.
Brewster, Benjamin H., letter
from, 472; sketch of, 472n;
writes article on Mangum, 472.
Bridge, Nathan W., reports on
Whig activities, 335-336.
"Brilliant" (horse), mentioned,
97.
British minister to Texas, pro-
tests against Calhoun treaty.
106. See also Elliot, Captain
Charles
"British Whigs," applied to
Whigs, 368; mentioned, 363.
See also Whigs.
Brockenbrough, William Henry,
mentioned, 411.
Brooklyn Navy Yard, corruption
in, 6.
Brooks, A. S., mentioned, xiii.
Brooks, Henry L., identified, 15n;
invites Mangum to Virginia
convention, 15; letter from, 15.
Brooks, James, asks Mangum's
opinion on the Mexican War,
440-442; letter from, 440.
Brothers, Mr., mentioned, 61.
Brown, Bedford, speech of men-
tioned, 49.
Brown, J. W., declines Man-
gum's dinner invitation, xi;
letter from omitted, xi.
Brown, James, mentioned, 174.
Brown, John G., delegate to
Baltimore Convention, 119;
knowledge of politics praised,
119-120.
Brown, Robert W., letter from,
379; sketch of, 379n; urges
establishment of marine hos-
pital, 379-381.
Brown, Sylvester, appointment
of divides the Democrats, 262;
confirmation of opposed, 261;
opposed for collector, 225, 265.
Brown, William S. G., letter
from, 285; opposes annexation
of Texas, 285.
Browne, William Garl, portraits
by, opposite pages 373 and
422.
Bryan, William G., mentioned,
286.
Bryant William Cullen, opposes
Democratic platform of 1844,
165.
Buchanan, James, accused of ly-
ing, 390; considered for Polk's
Cabinet, 269, 272; mentioned,
246, 498; rejects the British
arbitration plan, 379n; signs
English treaty, 452n.
Buflington, Joseph, sketch of,
26n.
Bullock, E. D., advises Mangum
to continue fighting for the
Whigs, 234; identified, 280n;
joins commission merchant
firm, 289; letters from, 233,
288; letter to omitted, xiv;
requests letters of recom-
mendation, 288; seeks connec-
Index
537
tion with a Boston firm, 289;
seeks Mangum's aid in land
claims, 234.
Bullock, James, mentioned, 325.
Burke, Edmond, mentioned, 465.
Burleson, General Edward,
treated unfairly by Houston,
352.
Burnet, David G., maligned by
Houston, 352.
Burton, Alfred M., approves
Mangum's political course,
204; health of, 203, invites
Mangum to a rally, 203; letter
from, 203; sketch of, 203n.
Burton, Robert, mentioned, 203n.
Burton, William E., mentioned,
239n.
Busbee's store, postmaster for
sought, 226; post office in re-
establish, 255.
Business conditions in 1844, re-
viewed, 116.
Butler, Benjamin F., mentioned,
128; proposed for Polk's Cab-
inet, 272.
Butler, Colonel T. H., mentioned,
239.
Bynum, William P., letter from
omitted, xii.
Byrd, Captain Daniel, appoint-
ment of appoved, 238-239.
Cabell, Edward C, sketch of,
411n.
Cain, James, pension claims of,
XV.
Cain, James A., letter from
omitted, xv.
Cain, Sterling Ruffin, seeks ad-
mission to Princeton, 217;
sketch of, 217n.
Cain, William III, advises Man-
gum about the hire of slaves,
17, letter from, 17; marriage
of announced, 434; mention-
ed, 101, 217n, 275, 513, 519;
portrait of, opposite 295.
Caldwell, Green, declines nom-
ination for governor, 395 397;
reported nominated for gover-
nor, 350; sketch of, 350n.
Caldwell, Minerva, mentioned,
178.
Caldwell, Tod R., elected judge,
226; invites Mangum to rally,
178; letters from, 178, 266;
letter to, 267; mentioned,
177n; recommends Robinson
for federal appointment, 268;
works for the Whigs in 1844,
151.
Caldwell Institute, mentioned,
23n, 229.
Calendar of manuscripts, omis-
sions of listed, xi-xvi.
California gold supply, effect on
Charlotte Mint, 263n.
Calhoun, John C., attacked by
Webb, 399; chivalry of re-
ferred to, 42; considered for
President, 394; copy of speech
on Bank sought, 111; creates
sentiment for Oregon settle-
ment, 372n; credited with
Oregon settlement, 460; efforts
to keep peace with England,
372n; mentioned, 49, 80, 81,
97, 143n, 151, 238, 263n,
283, 384, 390, 443, 453; New
York support for, 493; not
considered for Polk's Cab-
inet, 269, 271-272; political
course of criticized, 438; pro-
posed for President, 431-432;
replies to Anderson questions
144-148; serves as chairman of
Memphis Commercial Conven-
tion, 31 On; supported in Gran-
ville County, 111; treatment
by Polk, 291; views on nation-
al and state issues, 144-148;
views on Oregon approved,
372; withdraws from presi-
dential race, 42n.
Calhoun Convention, 310n.
Calhoun men, surrender of, 56.
Calhoun's treaty of annexation,
sentiment on, 76n.
Call, Richard, mentioned, 347.
Calverts, of Maryland, mention-
ed, 421.
Cambrian Benevolent Society,
invites Mangum to festival,
399-400.
Cambridge Law School, men-
tioned, 365.
Cameron, Duncan, grief of, 42-
43; mentioned, 114, 172, op-
posite page 422; visits Phila-
delphia, 513.
Cameron, Captain Ewan, men-
tioned, 356.
Cameron, Jim, mentioned, 514.
Cameron, John, discusses politics
in Orange County, 433-434;
discusses the results of con-
gressional election, 303-304;
epicurian taste of, 306-307;
letters from, 149, 302, 425, 432,
528; plans editing a Raleigh
paper, 426; praises Mangum,
538
Index
302; seeks military appoint-
ment, 528; sketch of, 302n;
tries to organize a military-
company, 528; tries to pur-
chase Raleigh paper, 426;
urges Mangum to attend a
Whig rally, 149-150.
Cameron, Paul Carrington, let-
ters from, 169, 513; letters to,
41, 514; mentioned, 275, 302;
plans a trip South, 513; por-
trait of, opposite page 422;
sends state election returns,
169, 513.
Cameron, Mrs. Paul Carrington,
mentioned, 515.
Cameron, Rebecca Bennehan,
death of, 42n.
Cameron, Tom, mentioned, 515.
Campbell, M., letter from
omitted, xiii.
Campbell, William W., men-
tioned, 390, 498.
Canal in North Carolina, pro-
posed, 348-349.
Canal system, proposed, 297-298.
Canals, effects on prices, 348-349.
Cananay, Mr., mentioned, 265.
Cannons, casting of, 384n.
Cape Fear Bank, mentioned, 325.
Capes, mentioned, 116.
Carr, John W., letter from, 464;
mentioned, 299; seeks Man-
gum's aid for securing a pa-
tent, 464-465.
Carr, L. N., mentioned, 20n.
Carrington, E. H., letter from
omitted, xiv.
Carrington, Nathaniel, mention-
ed, 212.
Carroll, Nicholas, advocates un-
ion of Whigs and Nativists, 182;
alarmed over course of Nativ-
ists in New York, 181-182;
asks Mangum to recommend
insurance agents, 286-287; con-
cerned over Clay's chances in
New York, 180-182; con-
cerned over Mangum's health,
215-216; declares Whig candi-
dates seeking nomination, 287;
disappointed over Clay's de-
feat, 281; economic plight of,
281-282; elected secretary of
insurance company, 286; en-
couraged over Whig prospects,
181-183; invites Mangum to
political rally, 206; letters
from, 180, 205, 214, 281, 286,
422; loyalty to Clay empha-
sized, 282; opposes the Federal
Whigs, 284; plans strategy to
nominate Mangum, 282-283,
287; pre-election predictions of
205, 206, 214-215; promises to
send names of Mangum's sup-
porters in New York, 283; pro-
poses Whig strategy for 1848,
282-283; reviews New York
politics in 1844, 181-182; re-
views Whig chances in New
York in 1844, 205; seeks a fed-
eral appointment, 281-282;
seeks a newspaper post, 282;
wishes to obtain insurance
agencies, 286-287.
Carroll, Mrs. Nicholas, men-
tioned, 288.
Carter, Mr., mentioned, 123.
Carter, Hill, mentioned, 61.
Caruthers, Benjamin F., men-
tioned, 288.
Cass, Lewis, course of con-
demned, 341; mentioned, 30,
42, 56, 100, 420; resolutions on
danger of war with England,
338n, 371; resolution on mili-
tia debated, 447n.
Caswell, Richard, mentioned,
173.
Catholic Church, as political fac-
tor, 215.
Causin, John M. S., mentioned,
160.
Chalmers, Joseph W., mentioned,
443.
Chambers, Moses, sketch of,
350n.
Chapel Hill, mentioned, 241. See
also University of North Caro-
lina.
Chapman, John G., mentioned,
375n.
Charleston Mercury, quoted, 146.
Charlotte Mint, criticism of op-
eration of, 263; destroyed by
fire, 263n; mentioned, 350n;
plans to rebuild, 263; rebuild-
ing of, 295; resolution favor-
ing rebuilding considered, 263-
264.
Charlotte Whig mass meeting,
planned, 151.
Chatham County, election in
considered crucial, 126; Whig
mass meeting in planned, xiii.
Chase, Perley S., letter from, 3;
sends temperance resolutions,
3-4.
Cherokee claims, investigations
of, 457; rejected, 421; re-
viewed, 421n; settlement of,
457n.
Index
539
Cherokees, murders among, 458.
See also North Carolina Cher-
okees.
Cherry, W. W., mentioned, 151,
460.
Chickasaw Bluff, erection of
navy yard near proposed, 108-
110. See also Memphis Com-
mercial Convention.
Childs, Louisa S., invites Man-
gum to visit her husband, 263;
letter from, 262; predicts
Clay's defeat, 262.
Childs, Timothy, mentioned,
262; sends greetings to Man-
gum, 263.
Choate, Rufus, mentioned, 9n,
26, 37, 138, 293n, 326.
Choise Grisham, letter from
omitted, xiii.
Christian, William, seeks a pen-
sion, xvi.
Christian Advocate, mentioned,
84n.
Chronological list of Mangum
Papers, xvii-xxvii.
Churchill, William, distressed
over Mangum's illness, 208-
209; health of, 209; identified,
208n; letter from, 208.
Claiborne, William, health of,
349; letters from, 202, 349;
mentioned, 121; sends Man-
gum a newspaper, 203; urges
Mangum to attend a Whig
rally, 202-203.
Clancy, Thomas, letter to
omitted, xi.
Clapp, D., letter from, 333; seeks
public documents, 333-334.
Claremont, N. H., mentioned,
398n.
Clarks and Banes, Messrs., men-
tioned 300.
Clark, Henry T., mentioned, 374.
Clark, Henry S., mentioned,
303n.
Clark John C, letter from, 366;
mentioned, 495; opposes Ban-
croft's naval promotion plan,
366-367; opposes war with
England, 368; sketch of, 366n.
Clarksville (Va.), mass meeting
in planned, xii.
Class consciousness, as a factor
in politics, 491; danger of be-
moaned, 259.
Clay, Cassius M., effects of letter
to, 201; mentioned, 199; pic-
tures Henry Clay as anti-
slavery man, 20 In.
Clay, Henry, abilities of extolled,
142; abolitionists oppose, 431;
accused of abolitionism, 201n;
accused of deceiving the
South, 211; accused of refusing
to publish Blair letters, 192;
admiration for, 469; Alabama
reception for planned, 45-46;
asks Mangum to frank his Ra-
leigh speech, 134; bank bill of
mentioned, 112; birthday
greetings for planned, 417-418;
celebration for planned, 422;
chances for presidential nom-
ination reviewed, 469; con-
cerned over the Democratic
campaign methods, 191; con-
sidered for book dedication to,
187; considered unsatisfactory
as candidate in 1848, 431, 469,
515, 516; decides to publish
views on Texas, 102-103; dis-
appointed with North Carolina
election results, 190; effect of
letter of, 201; eighteen forty-
four campaign of discussed,
26, 44-45, 55-56, 73, 74, 214-
215; eighteen forty-eight can-
didacy of, 515n; eighteen forty-
four defeat of explained, 484;
engraving of, opposite page
92; election returns for, 220-
221; endorsed, 146; expresses
hope for Whig success, 501;
finds South indifferent to an-
nexation, 102; health of, 191:
influence on vice presidential
selection, 105; letters from,
102, 134, 190, 309; letter to,
192; life of written, 274; loses
his keys, 117; mentioned, 1, 6,
13, 14, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 39
46, 58, 63, 65, 70, 79, 82, 94
100, 113, 114, 123, 124, 125,
135, 140, 142, 143, 158, 176,
182, 209, 210, 212, 213, 217,
225, 233, 235, 242, 244n, 283,
287, 326, 448, 453, 456, 474,
505, 517; opposed, 211; op-
posed by New York anti-ma-
sons, 480; opposed in rural re-
gions, 480; opposition to Texan
annexation reviewed, 77; pic-
tures of requested, 162; policy
toward 1848 nomination, 515n;
political letters of disapproved,
207; popular vote in 1844, 218-
219; popularity in Washington,
128; presented as free trader,
206; presented as opposed to
tariff, 180; presidential pros-
540
Index
pects of analyzed, 42; puzzled
by the Democratic nomina-
tions, 134; reaction to his de-
feat in 1844, 309; reasons for
his defeat explained, 431; re-
ception in Raleigh, 103, 114;
reception for planned, 43;
refers to North Carolina visit,
309; repudiates cousin, 201n;
sentiment for increases, 71;
speech of distributed, 151; sup-
port for 29, 178, 183, 195, 205,
395-396, 480; surprised at the
Democratic nominations, 134;
tariff views of endsored, 382;
testimonial celebration for con-
sidered, 223; trip to Raleigh
planned, 37; underestimates
Polk's popular appeal, 134n;
visit to Raleigh referred to,
xi, 49, 103n, 379n.
Clay banner, to be presented,
108.
Clay-Blair correspondence, pub-
lication of, 192n.
Clay Clubs, activities of, 25, 65,
107-108, 136, 149, 150-151,
153, 158, 162, 163, 166, 190.
See also political rallies in
1844.
Clay forces, policies on Tyler's
nominations, 33n.
Clay's defeat, effect of, 262.
Clay's Raleigh letter, contents of,
103n; preparation of, 103n.
Clay Whigs, maneuvers to defeat
Webster, in 1842, 67-68.
Clayton, John M., advised not to
speak in New York, 85-86; ad-
vised to speak in New York,
75; advises Whigs to support
Porter's confirmation, 32; con-
sidered for Vice President in
1844, 67; decides against Clay
in 1848, 500n; declines New
York speaking invitation, 86;
endsored for Vice President in
1844, 81; letters from, 32, 85;
letters to, 65, 75; mentioned,
88, 104, 391, 408, 476, 524; sup-
ported for Vice President, 74,
100; supports Scott for Presi-
dent in 1848, 469; wine supply
of, 450.
Clinch, Duncan L., letter to, 241;
mentioned, 210; sketch of,
240n.
Clingman, Thomas L., advises
Whigs not to be peace party,
395; analyzes prospective can-
didates for governor, 316-317;
asks Mangum's opinion on the
senatorial race, 477-478
blames Graham for his defeat
478; conduct in duel, 252
fights duel with Yancey, 252
defends Graham, 396; duel of
justified by Mangum, 269-270
effect of duel on reputation of
269; letters from, 315, 359
476; letter from omitted, xvi
mentioned, 126, 261, 303n, 426
427, 520; opposes Graham
316; plans strategy to make
Mangum governor, 316-317
political activities of, 151; por-
trait of, opposite page 373
promises support to Mangum
396; seeks election as Senator
477-478; speech of sought, 263
supports Mangum for Senator,
477; urges Mangum to be a
candidate for reelection in
in 1846, 477.
Clingham-Yancey duel, back-
ground of, 252n; referred to,
252.
Clinton, James G., expresses
friendship for Calhoun and
Clay, 95; identified, 95n.
Clinton, Thomas E., letter from
omitted, xiv.
Coachmaker, mentioned, 121.
Coastal survey, report on, 459.
Cochran, William G., letter from,
260; supports nomination of
Read, 260.
Cocke, Major James D., men-
tioned, 356.
Coffin, T. G., letter from omitted,
xiii.
Colby, Anthony, supports tem-
perance resolution 4.
Coleman Benjamin asks Man-
gum for documents 466-467;
letter from, 466.
Coleman, Newton, recommended
for West Point, 177; sketch of,
177n.
Collins, George Constantine,
completes law course, 456;
concerned over Nativists
strength, 89-90; delivers pub-
lic lectures, 412, 413; favors
Mangum for President, 456;
financial plight of, 413; let-
ters from, 25, 73, 89, 412, 455;
opposes McLean for President,
456; publications of well re-
ceived, 73; published pam-
phlets, 25; publishes campaign
material for Clay, 73; reports
on sentiment for Clay, 89-90;
reviews his work for Clay, 25-
Index
541
26, 89-90; seeks subscriptions
for pamphlets, 25; sketch of,
25n; speaks to Clay Club, 25;
tries to obtain Irish support
for Clay, 73; urges Senate
reject nomination of Towle,
91.
Collins, William F., mentioned,
XV.
Colton, Calvin, advises against
Whigs opposing war, 529; asks
Mangum's advice on publica-
tion of campaign material, 47-
48; asks Mangum to write a
sketch of Clay, 274; letters
from, 47, 274, 529; mentioned,
244n; plans to send Mangum
his pamphlets, 47; plans to
translate phamphlets into Ger-
man, 47; writes a life of Clay,
274n.
Colton, George Hooker, letter
from, 293; sketch of, 293n;
solicits articles for American
Whig Review, 294.
Colquitt, W. T., mentioned, 347.
Columbia Convention, proposed,
143, 146.
Columbian House, mentioned,
349.
Combs, Leslie, mentioned, 202;
sketch of, 200n.
Commencement speaker at Uni-
versity, selection of, 255. See
also University of North Caro-
lina.
Commercial Convention. See
Memphis Commercial Conven-
tion.
Congestive fever, spread in Mis-
sissippi, 207-208.
Congress, adjournment of post-
poned, 451; method of elect-
ing, 144, 147.
Congressional vote on tariff, sec-
tional nature of, 504, 506.
Connecticut, considered safe for
Whigs in 1844, 86; election re-
sults in, 90, 92, 219.
Cooke, Colonel Philip St.
George, mentioned, 361.
Cooke, William D. letter from
omitted, xvi.
Cooper, James, letter from, 345;
opposed confirmation of Wood-
ward, 345; sketch of, 345n.
Corbitt and McNally, editors,
mentioned, 20n.
Cornegay, R., mentioned, 361.
"Corrupt Bargain," hurts Clay
in 1844, 191-192; revived in
1844, 190-192.
Corwin, Thomas, mentioned, 476,
524; tries to check McLean's
candidacy, 501.
Cotton, condition of crop of, 208;
tariff duties on reduced in
Germany, 156n.
Court of Commissioners, investi-
gation of, 233.
Cowan's Ford, mass meeting at
planned, xiii.
Cox, Mrs., mentioned, 73, 74.
Crabtree, Mr., wishes to buy
pork from Mangum, 232.
Cranch, Christopher P., sketch
of, 131n,
Cranch, William, mentioned,
131n.
Crawford, Joel, educational ideas
of, 241; letter from, 241; seeks
information about the Univer-
sity, 241; sketch of, 240n;
views of Polk, 241.
Crawford, William H., men-
tioned, 211.
Creecy, J. R., complains of in-
correct information about his
son, 445-446; gives up idea of
publishing newspaper, 446;
letters from, 351, 445; men-
tioned, 444; seeks naval ap-
pointment for his son, 351;
tries to join army, 446.
Creecy, Dr. Will Clinton, exper-
ience in Texan navy reviewed,
351; incorrect information
about, 446; mentioned, 444;
naval career of reviewed, 446;
seeks appointment in navy,
351.
Critcher, James, mentioned, 174.
Critcher, Thomas, mentioned,
174.
Crittenden, John J., appreciates
appeal of Democratic platform
in 1844, 134n; invited to visit
Badger, 256; letter to, 530;
mentioned, 31, 49, 100, 101,
225, 235, 236, 244, 245, 338n,
389, 424, 439, 471, 472, 476,
481, 505, 523, 524; opposes
nomination of Clay in 1848,
500n; photograph of, opposite
page 502; proposes peace plan,
453; resolution on Oregon ex-
plained, 369, 381n; supports
Taylor in 1848, 515n; vote on
Texan annexation, 76.
Crops, damaged by rain, 125.
Croton Hall, mentioned, 108.
Croton Insurance Company, at-
tempts to establish agencies in
542
Index
North Carolina, 286; elects
Carroll secretary, 286.
Cromwell, John, asks Mangum's
views on Mexican War, 440-
442; letter from, 440.
Cuba, mentioned, 298.
Cumberland University, men-
tioned, 319n.
Cummings, Alexander, invites
Mangum to speak, 336-37; let-
ter from, 336.
Curtis, Edward, mentioned, 18,
19; removal of, 95.
Cushing, Henry W., reports on
activities of the Boston Whigs,
335-336.
D
Dale, Ebenezer, reports on Bos-
ton Whig rally, 335-336.
Dallas, George M., mentioned,
141, 142, 163, 513; opposes
Calhoun, 272.
Daly, J. J., letter from omitted,
xii.
Daniel, A., asks Mangum's aid
for University repairs, 307;
letter from, 307.
Daniel, John R. J., mentioned,
44, 129, 130, 303n, 372.
Daniel Joseph J., mentioned,
50n.
Danville Patriot, mentioned, 334.
Davidson, George F., letter from,
omitted, xii.
Davidson County Whig mass
meeting of 1844, planned, xiii.
Davis, of Troy, New York, men-
tioned, 64.
Davis, A. J., mentioned, 306n.
Davis, Garrett, blames Polk for
Mexican War, 522n; helps
Polk in Pennsylvania, 522;
mentioned, 160, 202, 229n.
Davis, John, considered for vice
presidential candidate, 67, 80n;
mentioned, 80, 83, 123; op-
posed for Vice President, 74;
role in defeat of Webster in
1842, 67.
Davis, M. L., asks Mangum's
opinion on Whig war policy,
440-442; letter from, 440; or-
ganizes Clay celebration, 525.
Davis, Thomas F., letter from,
306; sketch of, 306n; solicits
funds for University halls, 306.
Dayton A. O., mentioned, 373.
Dayton, William L., mentioned,
56, 59.
Dearborn, Henry Alexander S.,
attacks abolitionists, 503-511;
criticizes Nativists, 507-511;
defends the South against
abolitionists, 502; defends
Texans, 507-508; letter from,
502; sends two editorials on
abolitionists, 502; sketch of,
502n.
DeBree, Mr., mentioned, 374.
Dellet, James, mentioned, 160.
Democratic factional maneuvers,
56.
Democratic nominees for 1844,
Whigs reaction to, 141.
Democratic Party, designs of,
134; maneuvers of analyzed,
29-30; plank of disapproval in
New York, 165.
Democratic State Convention in
1846, proceedings of, 350n.
Democratic Review, mentioned,
18.
Democratic tariff, dangers of,
459.
Democrats, accused of illegal
voting, 170; accused of plan-
ning fraudulent tactics, 207;
accused of unfair distribution
of public documents, 333-335;
consider turning out Whig
Senatorial officers, 314-315,
333; criticized for Oregon
policy, 397; defeat of pre-
dicted, 500; nominate Cald-
well for governor, 350n; pa-
tronage in 1845 of, 327-329;
policies of criticized, 472;
strategy in 1844, 206; use tariff
issue in 1844, 180.
Dewey, L. D., asks Mangum to
write his religious views, 430;
identified, 43 On; letter from,
430.
Devereux, Thomas P., mention-
ed, 391.
Dialectic Literary Society, in-
vites Mangum to deliver ad-
dress, 175; plans to rebuild its
hall, 306. See also University
of North Carolina.
Dial's Creek, health of people
from, 428.
Dickins, Asbury, assured of Whig
support, 333; criticized by the
Democrats, 314-315; letters
to, 87, 333; mentioned, 53,
314, 315.
Dickins, Samuel, mentioned, 226.
Dickinson, David W., sketch of,
30n.
Dickinson College, mentioned,
59.
Index
543
Dickson, D. John, mentioned,
xvi.
"Discovery of the Mississippi by
De Soto," mentioned, 375n.
Dismal Swamp Canal, men-
tioned, 297.
Distinguished Americans, reli-
gious opinions of sought, 430.
Distribution of funds from land
sales. North Carolina legisla-
ture on, 229; opposed, 259;
position of parties on, 229n.
Dobbins, James C, mentioned,
303n, 380, 381, 386, 387.
Dockery Alfred, mentioned,
303n, 411, 426, 460.
Dodd, Albert B., letter to, 217;
sketch of, 217n.
Dodson, W. P., defeated for leg-
islature, 169.
Doney, T., paints Mangum's pic-
ture, 398n.
Donnell, R. S., mentioned, 303n.
Dorr, T. W., role in Rhode Island
politics, 414, 415, 416.
Dorrites, course in Rhode Island,
414-416.
Dragoons, new regiment to be
organized, 370.
Drake, Benjamin, letter from
omitted, xi.
Drake, Dan, metnioned, 360.
Dromgoole, George C., men-
tioned, xii, 71, 328, 431n.
Dry docks, appropriations for,
436.
Dudley, Edward B., mentioned,
381.
Duel between Jones and John-
son, discussed, 391n.
Duel between Clingman and
Yancey. See Clingman, Thom-
as L.
Duelling, popular attitude to-
wards, 269-270; requirements
of, 400. See also Clingman-
Yancey and the Johnson-Jones
duels.
Duer, W. A., letter from omitted,
xvi.
Duke, C, asks Mangum's aid for
University repairs, 307; letter
from, 307.
Duncan, John, mentioned, 332.
Dunham, Major Robert H., men-
tioned, 356.
DuPont, Alfred, aids Collins,
456.
Duren, E. F., mentioned, 40.
Duroche, Charles, mentioned,
361.
Dyer, Edward, mentioned, 314.
E
Eastland, Captain, mentioned,
356.
Eastville (Va.) Clay Club, ac-
tivities of, 141.
Eaton, Charles R., letter from
omitted, xv.
Eaton, Lewis, identified, 119n;
letter from, 119; recommends
Brown, 119-120.
Ebenbeck's boarding house, men-
tioned, 365.
Economic conditions, reported
good, 382.
Education, course of study for
241. See also academies,
University of North Carolina
and the several colleges.
Edwards, J. M., helps distribute
Clay material, 162; letter
from, 162; prepares picture of
Clay, 162.
Ehringhaus, John C. B., letter
from omitted, xvi.
Election fraud, charges of, 250-
251; investigation of, 254. See
also Bacon, D. Francis.
Election returns in 1844, 218-
219.
Ellery, Mrs. J. S., marries Green,
511.
Elliot, Captain Charles, men-
tioned, 106, 107, 353, 355.
Elliott, Jesse Duncan, death of,
338; mentioned 467.
Ellis, Mr., mentioned, 305.
''Embarkation of the Pilgrims,"
mentioned, 375n.
Empire Club, character of, 525;
favors Clay, 524; mentioned,
199.
England, interest in Cuba, 298;
opposition to slavery, 77; tried
to prevent annexation, 268,
272; war with opposed, 366.
See also Great Britain.
Enystron, A. B., mentioned, 131.
Esty, Captain Robert, mentioned,
356.
Eureka Lodge at New Bern, in-
vites Mangum to speak xvi.
Evans, C. N. B., asks Mangum
to pay his newspaper bill, 273;
letter from, 273; newspaper
difficulties of, 273; sketch of,
273.
Evans, George, mentioned, 14,
20n, 60, 66, 83; speech of
544
Index
praised 124; speech of re-
quested, 126; views of praised,
125.
Examiner, mentioned, 34.
Excelsior Society, elects Man-
gum a member, xvi.
Ezell, Robert A., mentioned, 43.
F
Faneuil Hall convention, aboli-
tionist sentiment expressed in,
503-504; proceedings of re-
viewed, 66; referred to, 493;
speech of Webster in, 82.
"Farmer of Ashland," see Clay,
Henry.
Farmer's Library, mentioned,
373.
Faucett, C. F., candidate for state
senate, 433.
Fayette Hill, removal of post
office from, 97.
Fayetteville, young men of build
library, 246.
Fayetteville Library Institute,
date of establishment, 246n;
documents sought for, 246-247.
Federal appointments sought, 70.
See also under the names of
offices and individuals.
Federal appointments, by Polk,
commented on, 265; by Tyler,
approved, 260-261.
Federal marshal for Alabama,
appointment of, 266.
Federal expenditures, as a cam-
paign issue, 112, 329.
Felisola, mentioned, 322.
Fenner, James, mentioned, 415.
Fenton, Quartermaster, m e n-
tioned, 357.
Ferguson, Captain Isaac, men-
tioned, 361.
Ferris, Mr., mentioned, 199.
"Fifty-four forty," as war cry
opposed, 116.
Fifty Reasons, mentioned, 457.
Fillmore, Millard, campaign of,
200; considered for Vice Presi-
dent, 66, 81, 104-105; men-
tioned, 418; respected in New
York, 105; strength in Balti-
more Convention, 123; weak-
nesses of reviewed, 81.
Finley, J. J., invites Mangum to
Memphis Convention, 311; let-
ter from, 310.
Fish, Hamilton, mentioned, 182,
258.
Fisher, General C. F., mentioned,
357.
Fisher, Charles, letter to, 384;
mentioned, 295, 303n.
Fisher, Redwood, advises con-
firmation of Atwood, 258; ex-
presses his devotion to Whigs,
258; removal of predicted, 258;
letter from, 258; mentioned,
21; party maneuvers of, 23;
sketch of, 258n.
Flat River Baptist Association,
mentioned, 196.
Flat River Clay Club, elects
Mangum a member, 158.
Floating batteries, method of
making, 249; recommended
for forts, 248.
Florida, admission of sought,
238; appointments in dis-
cussed, 238-239; congressional
contest in, 411-412.
Foreign diplomatic corps, op-
pose Texan annexation, 268.
"Forest Cottage," mentioned,
512.
Forsyth, Samuel, mentioned,
150.
Forsyth Clay Club, meeting of,
149.
Forsythe, S, P., mentioned, 325.
Forsythe, William, mentioned,
325.
Forrester, John, mentioned, 360,
361.
Fort Pickering, favored for navy
post, 109, 110.
Foster, Colonel, reports on
Cherokees, 458.
Foster, Ephraim, accused of fa-
voring Texan annexation, 269;
opposes annexation of Texas,
269n; mentioned, 49, 202.
Fourth Installment of distribu-
tion fund, 229. See also Dis-
tribution of funds.
Fowle, James, reports on Bos-
ton Whigs activities, 335, 336.
Frankfort Commonwealth, men-
tioned, 471n.
Franklin County (Ky.), election
results in, 471-472.
Franklin County (N.C.), Demo-
cratic Party in, 163; election
results in 1844, 166-167;
speakers at political rally in,
166; vacancy of clerk's office
in, 296; Whig barbecue
planned in, xiii.
Franklinton, public discussion
planned in, xii.
Fraud in 1844 election, claimed,
238; investigation of, 244-245.
See also election fraud.
Index
545
Frelinghuysen, Theodore, ac-
cused of defeating Clay, 456;
nomination of approved, 126;
mentioned, 142, 418; support
in Baltimore Convention, 123.
Frelon, Captain, mentioned, 5.
Fremont, John C, Journal of
praised, 438; Journal of
sought, 372, 396-397; men-
tioned, 432; publication of
Journal of ordered, 290, 291.
French minister, protests against
Calhoun treaty, 106.
French Spoliation Claims, delay
of settlement of criticized, 340-
341; Senate committee on ap-
pointed, 340.
Fry, John B., advises gathering
of New York mailing list, 499-
500; letters from, 476, 499;
offers a plan for Whig reorgan-
ization, 476.
Fry, Joshua J., asks Mangum to
help Pleasant's family, 401-
402; letter from, 400.
Fullenwider, Elizabeth, men-
tioned, 203n.
Furniture, purchased by Man-
gum, 280.
G
Gaines, General Edmund P., ad-
vises compensation to Mrs.
Putnam, 248; advises con-
struction of steam boats, 248;
dismissed by Polk, 446n; ille-
gally mobilizes militia, 446n;
investigation of call for troops
considered, 447n; letter from,
247; recommends improve-
ments of harbors, 250; recom-
mends Mrs. Putnam, 247.
Gaines, George Str other, attends
courts of commissioners, 233.
Gaither, Burgess S., concerned
over Whig vote, 177; invites
Mangum to mass meeting, 177;
letter from, 177; mentioned,
264, 315, 496.
Gales, Joseph, mentioned, 487.
Gales, Westen R., blamed for the
loss of Whig votes, 169; letter
from 496; marries, 25; men-
tioned, 426; urges Mangum
to announce his candidacy,
497.
Gales and Seaton, aid of sought,
290, 291; criticised for luke-
warmness, 487; letters to, 447,
453; mentioned, 48; printing
privileges of discussed, 292.
Galveston Civilian, mentioned,
352.
Galveston News, mentioned, 354.
Gamble, Roger Lawson, health
of daughter of, 262.
Gaston, William, honored, 69;
mentioned, 50n.
Gay, A. W., asks Mangum for
documents. 111; attends Ra-
leigh rally for Clay, 113; fa-
vors Texan annexation, 112;
letters from. 111, 329; nomi-
nated for the legislature, 111,
113; seeks public documents,
329; sketch of, 11 In.
Gaylord patent of straw cutter,
infringed upon, 465-466.
General Land Office, mentioned,
xiv.
Georgia, charges of election
fraud in, 244n; election re-
turns in 1844, 219; estimate of
results in campaign of 1844,
140; Whig prospects in 1844,
210.
Georgia Whigs, activities of, 140;
invite Mangum to a political
rally, 133.
Georgetown Advocate, mention-
ed, 84n.
German Zollverein, treaty with
United States, 156n.
Gerrymandering in North Caro-
lina, 112n.
Gibbons, Charles, considers testi-
monial for Clay, 223; ident-
ified, 223n; letter from, 223.
Gibson, Mr., mentioned, 357.
Giddings, Joshua, favors acquisi-
tion of all of Oregon, 374n.
Gillespie, James L., letter from
omitted, xiv.
Gilliam, Robert B., invites Man-
gum to speak, 157; letters
from, 84, 138, 148, 157; let-
ter from omitted, xi; recom-
mends Goodloe for an appoint-
ment, 84-85; requests public
documents, 138; selected as
Whig elector, 138; urges Man-
gum to attend political rally,
148-149.
Gilmer, Thomas W., mentioned,
70n, 80, 304.
Glenworth, mentioned, 18.
Goggin, William L., elected to
Congress, 122.
Golding, Reuben D., seeks a West
Point appointment, xvi.
Gooch, Thomas, health of, 208.
Goodloe, Daniel R., asks Man-
gum to solicit newspaper sub-
scriptions, 163-164; concerned
546
Index
over story about Polk's grand-
father, 165; inquires about
Senate appointments, 226; let-
ters from, 163, 226, 295; men-
tioned, 290; obtains a teach-
ing position, 295-296; promises
to pay his debt, 296; seeks
newspaper position, 84; seeks
a position in Franklin govern-
ment, 296; sketch of, 84n;
talents of reviewed, 84-85;
tempers attacks on Democrats,
165.
Gordon, John, of Greensboro,
mentioned, 445.
Gordon, William F., defeated for
Congress, 122.
Gorrell, Ralph, mentioned, 304.
Graham, David, mentioned, 90,
91; sketch of, 90n.
Graham, George R., mentioned,
239n.
Graham, James, mentioned,
303n, 426; unpopular with
western Whigs, 316.
Graham, John, mentioned, 278.
Graham, John Larimer, men-
tioned, 21; political services of,
22.
Graham, Joseph Montrose, mar-
riage of, 278; sketch of, 278n.
Graham, William A., aids in the
establishment of a newspaper,
426; asked to discount two
notes, 325; campaign of, 50,
53-54, 126, 129; disapproved
for governor, 395-396; elec-
tion of doubted, 152; expresses
confidence in campaign out-
come, 49; health of, 62, 102; let-
ters from, 49, 263; letters to,
53, 271, 325, 378, 460; mention-
ed, xii, XV, 180, 185, 196n, 278n,
350n, 428, 429, 466; popularity
of impaired by brother, 316;
reaction to Clingman's candi-
dacy sought, 478; requests
journals of the legislature, 49;
strength in Warren County,
193; supported by Whig
leaders, 396; tariff views of
opposed, 439; unpopular with
some Whigs, 316; views on
tariff, 429; vote for, 167n, 169;
vote for reduced in western
North Carolina, 316; Whigs
fail to rally around, 153.
Graham's Lady's and Gentle-
man's Magazine, history of,
239n.
Graham's Magazine. See Gra-
ham's Lady's and Gentleman's
Magazine.
Granger, Frank, opposes nomi-
nation of Clay for 1848, 516.
Granville County, campaign of
Democrats in, 157; contest for
legislative seats, 440; senti-
ment for Bank in, 112; Demo-
cratic rally in, 148-149.
Granville Whig rally, planned,
xii, xiii, 148-150.
Granville Whigs, apathy of, 157;
friendly to Calhoun, 111; nom-
inate Gay for legislature. 111;
uneasy about prospects in
1844, 148-149.
Graves, Barzilla, selected to edit
newspaper, 273.
Graves, Calvin, mentioned, 196n.
Graves, Elijah, mentioned, 52,
227, 228.
Graves, Ralph H., mentioned,
228; promised payment for
mutilated treasury note, 52;
seeks reimbursement for mu-
tilated treasury note, 23-24,
227; sketch of, 23n.
Graves, Richard S., mentioned,
24, 52, 230.
Graves, William Jordon, men-
tioned, 122.
Grayson, William J., mentioned,
324.
Great Britain, accused of favor-
ing a dissolution of United
States, 106; concern over the
expansion of, 298; danger of
war with, 269, 272, 341-342
434; difficulties with settled,
452; position on Oregon, 269,
272; press on annexation of
Texas, 268; reported prepar-
ing for war, 342. See also Eng-
land.
Great Ship Canal, mentioned,
311.
Greeley, Horace, mentioned, 90.
Green, Charles Plummer, death
of, 451n; mentioned, 360; pic-
ture of sent to Mangum, 451.
Green, Duff, mentioned, 95.
Green, Nathaniel, identified,
512n; invites Mangum to a
wedding, 512.
Green, Thomas Jefferson, ac-
cused of stirring up brigand-
age, 359; accuses Houston for
Mier massacre, 353-354; ac-
cuses Houston of falsehood,
352; accuses Houston of un-
patriotic principles, 323-324;
accuses Houston of vindic-
tiveness, 352; announces his
marriage, 511; argues for Tex-
an boundaries, 322-324; cam-
Index
547
paigns for Congress, 319; cir-
cular to his constituents, 319-
324; controversy with Hous-
ton, 324n, 352-362; describes
Texas lands, 331-332; explains
his absence from Texas, 319;
explains his views on Texan
issues, 321-322; hositlity of
Santa Anna to, 356; invites
Mangum to his wedding recep-
tion, 512; letters from, 331,
352, 451, 511; mentioned,
348n; political background of,
323; prisoner in Mexico, 319;
relates story of his escape
from prison, 360-361; reviews
basis of Texan boundary
claims, 322-323; sends bro-
ther's picture to Mangum, 451;
tries to vindicate his Mier con-
duct, 320.
Green, Wharton, J., sketch of,
319n.
Green, Willis, directs mailing of
Whig documents, 160, 164;
money raising efforts of, 291.
Green-Houston feud, 321-324.
Greene, Albert Collins, men-
tioned, 416.
Greenshorough Patriot, men-
tioned, 273n.
Greenville (N. C.) rally, men-
tioned, 151.
GrifRs, Elizabeth, seeks a pen-
sion for her husband, xi.
Griffis, Joshua, pension sought
for, xi.
Grinnell, Moses H., endorses
Webb's views on tariff, 64-65;
letter from, 64; mentioned, 63;
opposes a change in the tariff,
64-65.
Guilford County, barbecue plan-
ned in, xiii.
Guion, Benjamin S., seeks ap-
pointment to West Point, 261;
sketch of, 26 In.
Guion, Haywood W., letter from
omitted, xiii; mentioned, 387,
426; sketch of, 184n.
H
Hacker, W. P., invites Mangum
to speak, 338-339; letter from,
336.
Hackney, Daniel, identified,
41 On; seeks documents, 410.
Hale, Justice, publication of
views of recommended, 430.
Hale, E. F., mentioned, 151.
Hall, E. W., asks Mangum's aid
for repairs of University, 307-
308; letter from, 307.
Hall, Willis, explains the activ-
ities of Clay Clubs, 132; letter
from, 132.
Hallett, William Paxton, ap-
pointed as consul, 270; men-
tioned, 20.
Hamer, Thomas L., criticises
Congress for timidity on Ore-
gon, 88-89; identified, 88n; let-
ter from, 88.
Hamersly, George W., advises
Whigs to support Porter, 33;
letter from, 33; strength in
Pennsylvania, 32.
Hamilton, John, mentioned, 172.
Hamilton, P., letter from omit-
ted, xiii.
Hammond, John H., mentioned,
143n.
Hammond, Nathaniel, member of
Whig Committee, 335; reports
on Boston Whigs activities,
335-336.
Hancock, John, mentioned, 296.
Hannegan, Edward A., men-
tioned, 116.
Harbaugh, Leonard, mentioned,
45.
Harbor Improvements, recom-
mended, 247-250.
Hardee, W. H., concerned over
"Corrupt Bargain" as an issue,
192; letter from, 192; urges
Clay to publish correspond-
ence with Blair, 192.
Hardwick, Kezziah, mentioned,
266n.
Hardy, J. F. E., letter from omit-
ted, xi.
Hargous, Mr., mentioned, 360,
361, 362; offers compensation
for sufferers in Mier incident,
358-359.
Harkness, George W., mentioned,
45.
Harper, James, mentioned, 86.
Harris, Captain Robert, mention-
ed, 356.
Harris, Major, suicide of, xiv.
Harris, Robert, offers invention
for steam machine, 168.
Harris, S. H., favors Mangum
for Vice President, 71; letters
from, 70, 168; seeks Mangum's
assistance for nephew's ap-
pointment, 70-71; sends Man-
gum's letter on brother's in-
vention, 168; urges Mangum
to attend rally, 168.
Harrisburg Convention, 75n.
Harrison, William Henry, men-
tioned, 30, 160, 219, 236, 242.
548
Index
''Harry of the West," see Clay,
Henry.
Hart, Thomas, mentioned, 172n,
174.
Hart, W. W., letter to, 108; men-
tioned, 110.
Hartford Convention, mentioned,
368, 522.
Harvey, James E., assists the
Whig Congressional Commit-
tee in 1844, 159; campaigns
for McLean at New York Fair,
494; continues his survey of
Whig sentiment, 500-501; dis-
cusses New York Whig poli-
tics, 480-481; discusses the
Whig candidates for 1848, 500-
501; discusses Whig prospects
in 1848, 493-495; disseminates
Whig material, 159; issues cir-
cular, 159; letters from, 94,
159, 379, 479, 493, 500; pro-
poses strategy for McLean's
nomination, 501; removed
from office, 159; reports on
sentiment for Whig president-
ial candidates, 479-480; re-
views Whig campaign prac-
tices in 1844, 159-161; reviews
Whig prospects in 1844, 161;
seeks information on the Ore-
gon controversy, 379; sends
Mangum a copy of the Boston
Atlas, 94; sketch of, 159n;
urges courting Spencer's fa-
vor, 480; writes an editorial on
Mangum, 482; writes for the
Boston Atlas, 94.
Haughton, John H., letter from,
125; letter from omitted, xiii;
mentioned, 129, 303, 304; re-
quests documents, 126; sketch
of, 125n.
Hauleiter, C. R., invites Mangum
to a rally, 133; letter from,
133.
Haw River, inhabitants on favor
a division of the county, 102.
Hawkins, George, mentioned,
129.
Hawkins, John D., letter from,
386; sketch of, 386n; tries to
expand the mail service, 386-
387.
Hawkins, Colonel Phileman,
mentioned, 386n.
Hawkins, William B., letter from
omitted, xiv.
Hayden, William, letter from, 92;
rejoices over Mangum's views
on Texas, 92-93; sketch of, 92n.
Haywood, R., letter from omit-
ted, XV.
Haywood, William H., Jr., ap-
pointed to committees in Sen-
ate, 224n; asks Mangum to
pair with him, 365; campaign
plans of, 54-55; delays his re-
turn to Washington in 1844,
223-224; letters from, 223, 365;
mentioned, xii, 54, 129, 151,
155, 156, 380, 381, 386, 387,
443, 460, 527; requests com-
mittee assignments, 223-224;
resigns because of tariff, 454n,
477; tries to have Colonel Par-
rish's post office continued,
41n.
Healy, G.P.A., portrait by, op-
posite page 256.
Heartt, Dennis, letter from, 218;
sends election returns in 1844,
218-219.
Henderson, James Pinckney,
heads Texas embassy in Wash-
ington, 57; identified, 106n;
mentioned, 78, 106; sketch of,
57n.
Henderson, John, favors annex-
ation, 269.
Hendricks, William, mentioned,
XV.
Henshaw, David, accused of
Democratic leanings, 5; ap-
pointment rejected, 5n; criti-
cised as Secretary of Navy, 5;
mentioned, 28n.
Henshaw, J. I., mentioned, 45.
Henrie, of Brazoria County,
mentioned, 361.
Henry, Louis D., speaks for the
Whigs, 151.
Herndon, John R., invites Man-
gum to speak, 157; letter from,
157.
Herrera, President J. J., negotia-
tions of, 371n.
Hester, Davis, mentioned, 404.
Hewitt, L. H., mentioned, 45.
Hickey, William, expresses con-
cern over Democratic removal
of Senate officers, 314-315; let-
ter from, 314; sketch of, 314n.
Hickory Grove, Whig mass meet-
ing in planned, xiii.
High Shoals Manufacturing
Company, mentioned, 385n.
Hill, Daniel S., letter from, 396;
requests copies of Fremont's
Journal, 396.
Hill, John, introduces his son
to Mangum, 365-366; letter
from, 365.
Hill, William, mentioned, 264;
visits Washington, 365.
Index
549
Hilliard, Henry W., mentioned,
369.
Hillsboro, hotel in purchased,
443; merchants in mentioned,
173, 174; small pox scare in,
432-433.
Hillshorough Recorder, men-
tioned, 273n.
Hines, Richard, asks Mangum to
attend a rally, 150-151; ex-
presses his views on guberna-
torial race, 152; letter from,
150; serves as chairman of the
Central Whig Committee, 152.
Hinricks, Carl, seeks a pension,
xvi.
Hinton, C. L., asks Mangum to
support Loring for postmaster,
226; letters from, 226, 255;
mentioned, 152, 378; urges the
reestablishment of the post of-
fice, 255.
Hinton, Henry, army discharge,
of sought, xiii.
Hinton, Joseph B., letter from,
326; recommends Warner, 326.
"History of the Ivory Cross,"
mentioned, 390.
Hodges, Albert Gallatin, letter
from, 471; sketch of, 471n.
Hogan, John, expresses concern
over Mangum's health, 492;
letters from, 419, 492; opposes
Scott, 419; sketch of, 419n.
Hoke, Michael, campaign of, 126,
152.; mentioned, 55, 138, 316,
. 478; vote for larger than ex-
pected, 167n, 169. See also,
Graham, William A.
Holcomb, A. W., replies to the
Anderson questions, 144-148;
views on national and state
issues, 144-148.
Holden, W. W., mentioned, 165n.
Hollenbach, George M., men-
tioned, 180.
Hollister, Wesley, letter from,
117; sends Clay's keys, 117;
sketch of, 117n.
Holley Grove, Whig gathering in,
xiii.
Holmes, Isaac, mentioned, 143n.
Holmes, John, mentioned, 128.
Holmes, Sylvanus, . mentioned,
45.
Holt, Dr. M. W., candidate for
state senate, 433.
Honorary degree conferred on
Mangum, 298.
Hooper, William, concerned over
duel, 391-392; discusses cur-
rent war rumors, 391; letter
from, 391.
Hornbrook, Dr., mentioned, 432.
Houston, Sam, accused of delay-
ing compensation for Mier pris-
oners, 319-320, 357-358; ac-
cused of murder, 355; accused
of shifting the argument, 353-
355; accused of treating his
leaders unfairly, 352; accused
of unfairness toward Moore,
323; accused of unpatriotic
policies, 323-324; accused of
violating the law, 356-357; at-
tacks T. J. Green, 361; con-
troversy with Green, 323-
324, 352-362; criticised, 107,
323-324, 352-362; defense
of challenged, 352-362; let-
ter of criticised, 355-357; men-
tioned, 57, 446; motives of,
107n; praises Miller, 57; re-
buked by Texan House of
Representatives, 360; role in
annexation fight, 268n; role in
Laredo vandalage reviewed,
358-361.
Houston Telegraph, mentioned,
354.
Howard's Grove (Va.), Whig
rally in planned, xii.
Hoxie, Joseph, mentioned, 200,
28.
Hubard, William J., portrait by,
opposite page 256.
Huger, Daniel E., mentioned,
265.
Hughes, A. D., seeks an appoint-
ment to West Point, xi, xiv,
XV.
Hughes, Charles, letters from
omitted, xi, xiv, xv; seeks a
pension, xi, xiv, xv.
Humber, Elizabeth, mentioned,
120.
Hunkers-Barnburners conflict,
reviewed, 496n.
Hunt, Feeman, political views of,
1; sketch of. In.
Hunt, Hiram Paine, abandons
politics, 32; law practice of,
32; letter from, 31; opposes
confirmation of Spencer, 31-
32; sketch of, 3 In.
Hunt, Memucan, analyzes
chances of approval of annexa-
tion, 76; considers the English
hostile to the United States,
106; defends annexation, 78;
dislikes Houston, 107; intro-
duces Texas representatives to
Mangum, 57; letters from, 57,
76, 106; letter from omitted,
xiv; surprised at Clay's op-
position to annexation, 77;
550
Index
thinks Mexico ready to accept
annexation, 78; views on slav-
ery supported, 77.
Hunt, Washington, comments on
Mangum's portrait, 398; in-
forms Mangum of his name-
sake, 38, 51; letters from, 38,
51, 398; letter to, 39; sends a
portrait of Mangum, 398;
sketch of, 39n.
Hunt's Merchant Magazine, men-
tioned, 1.
Huntington, Jabez William, iden-
tified, 258n; mentioned, 55, 60,
265.
Huntington, William, letter from
omitted, xi.
Huske, John, mentioned, 286.
Hutch, Aleigh, mentioned, 465.
Hyatt, Seth, mentioned, 45.
Illinois, election results in, 176.
Illustrations, list of, ix.
Independent Democrats, strength
of in New York, 181-182.
Independent Treasury Bill of
1846, provisions of, 431n. See
also Sub-Treasury.
Indiana, campaign of 1844 in,
161; election results in, 176,
180.
Ingram, Ira, mentioned, 331.
Inman, Henry, commissioned to
paint picture for Rotunda, 375;
death of, 375; mentioned, 376,
392; portrait by, opposite page
216.
Insurance agents in North Caro-
lina sought, 286-287.
Iredell County, Whig mass meet-
ing planned in, xii.
Irish support sought by Whigs,
73.
Iron manufacturing, progress of,
385.
Iron mining in Maryland, men-
tioned, 100.
Ivory Crucifix, history of, 389-
390.
Jackson, Andrew, mentioned,
111, 141, 211, 212, 238, 265,
504; receives Miller as Hous-
ton's representative, 57n;
views on Texas, 321.
Jackson, Charles, mentioned,
415.
Jackson, Northampton County,
mass meeting in planned, xiii.
Jackson Committees of 1825 and
1832, reports of, 126.
Jacob (slave), bought by Man-
gum, 520; offered for sale, 517;
price of, 518; recommended as
good worker, 518.
Jacobs, Jonathan H., asks Man-
gum to send documents, 459;
health of, 459; letter from,
459; visits mineral springs,
459.
James, Fleming, invites Mangum
to convention, 15-16; letter
from, 15.
Jarnagin, Spencer, mentioned,
49, 202, 297, 457.
Jarvis, Mr., mentioned, 18.
Jarvis, J. W., portrait by, op-
posite page 154.
Jaudon, Samuel, identified, 475n.
Jeffersonian state righters, op-
posed, 80.
Jeffries, William A., attacks
Mangum's views on Bank, 166-
167; identified, 166n.
Jersey Blue, mentioned, 206.
Jim Polk and Company, criti-
cised, 448.
Johnson, Cave, considered for
Polk's Cabinet, 269, 272; men-
tioned, 386, 387, 501.
Johnson, Dr. Daniel, fights a
duel, 391n.
Johnson, E., mentioned, 453.
Johnson, Henry, favors annexa-
tion, 269; mentioned, 505.
Johnson, Reverdy, concerned
over Whig candidates, 93-94;
elected to the Senate, 253; en-
dorses Lawrence for Vice
President, 74; letters from, 74,
76, 253; mentioned, 80, 505.
Johnson, Walter P., completes a
report on American coal, 221;
letter from, 221.
Johnson, William Cost, disap-
proves Polk, 185.
Johnson-Jones duel, causes of,
392; excitement over, 391-392.
Jones, Dr., of Orange County,
mentioned, 465.
Jones, Anson, mentioned, 362.
Jones, Elijah, invites Mangum to
a rally, 133; letter from, 133.
Jones, George W., asks Mangum
to pay his newspaper subscrip-
tion, 350; letter from, 350; re-
quests Mangum's speech, 350;
sketch of, 350n.
Jones, Hamilton C, campaign
for office of solicitor, 184-185;
estimate of Polk, 185; letter
Index
551
from, 184; seeks Mangum's
support for solicitor, 184-185.
Jones, Isaac N., discusses crops,
125; letters from, 60, 124;
pleased with the speech of
Evans and Botts, 124; requests
documents, 60; sketch of, 60n.
Jones, John W., mentioned 128,
328; sketch of, 72n.
Jones, Robin, mentioned, 434.
Jones, Thomas F., fights a duel,
391n.
Jones, Captain Thomas L., 356.
Jones, William E., mentioned,
356, 362.
Jordon, Colonel, of Texas, men-
tioned, 352.
Journal of the Texan Expedition
Against Mier, mentioned, 320.
Joyner, Andrew J., considered
for public office, 130.
Judy (slave), mentioned, 17.
K
Kelly, Mr., mentioned, 91.
Kemble, Gouverneur, inquires
about copper mines in North
Carolina, 385-386; investigates
mining possibilities in North
Carolina, 385-386; letter from,
384; sketch of, 384.
Kendall, Amos, accused of
spreading Democratic lies, 130.
Kennedy, J. P., mentioned, 293n.
Kennon, Commander B., death
of, 70.
Kennon, Colonel E., mentioned,
70.
Kennon, William, appointment
of sought, 70.
Kentucky Reporter, mentioned,
471n.
Kerr, John, letter from, 156;
mentioned, 197; sketch of,
156n.
King, Captain, of Orange
County, mentioned, xiii.
King, Charles, portrait by, op-
posite page 92.
King, Thomas Butler, mentioned,
211, 379.
Kingsbury, C. P., describes Tex-
as country, 370; letter from,
369; seeks promotion, 370.
Kingsbury, R. H., invites Man-
gum to speak, 157; letter from,
157.
Kingsley, Chester, replies to
Anderson questions, 144-148;
views on political issues, 144-
148.
Kinney, William, identified, 121n;
letter from, 121.
Kirkland, J. H., letter from
omitted, xv.
Kirkland, John U., candidate for
Orange County clerk, 301.
Kirkpatrick, Thomas, complains
of removal of office holders in
New York, 18-19; considered
for postmaster, 19; identified,
18n; letters from, 18, 35; re-
views party appointments in
New York, 18-20; sends news-
paper clipping on party ma-
neuvers, 20.
Kosciuzko, General Thaddeus,
mentioned, 235.
Kosciuszko, B. HI., letter from,
235; seeks a pension, 235-236.
Labor and Capital, mentioned,
146.
Lamar, Mirabeau, mentioned,
331n.
Lambdin, J. R., asks Mangum to
sit for portrait, 72-73; com-
pletes Mangum's portrait, 131;
letters from, 72, 131, 375; re-
ports on Whig sentiment, 131;
requests the use of Senate
room, 59; seeks permission to
paint Rotunda picture, 375.
Lambert, David, letter from 199;
mentioned, 216; moves to New
York, 199; reviews campaign
in New York, 199-200.
Lambert, Fredrica, mentioned,
199.
Lancaster Kentuckian, mention-
ed, 471n.
Land bounty sought, xv.
"Landing of Columbus," men-
tioned, 375n.
Langdon, P. Henry, letter to,
309.
Laredo, Green's responsibility
for vandalism in, 358-361;
sack of, 359.
Lassiter, Robert W., invites Man-
gum to speak, 157; letter from,
157; sketch of, 157n.
Latham, R. P., letter from
omitted, xiii.
Laurence, Abraham P., asks
Mangum's opinion on tariff
revision, 470-471; confirma-
tion of opposed, 383; letter
from, 470.
Law, Judge John, xi.
Law and Order Party, defeated,
414-415; opposes Simmons,
402, 405-407; praised, 414-415;
purpose of, 402, 405, 409.
552
Index
Law practice, inquiry about, 27.
Lawrence, Messrs., mentioned,
288.
Lawrence, Abbott, considered
for Vice President, 67, 83, 92;
Friendly to South, 83; not ap-
preciated in New York, 105;
sketch of, 67n; supported for
Vice President, 74.
Lay, John, Sr., mentioned, xiv.
Leach, J. M., letter from omitted
xiii.
Leathers, John, candidate for leg-
islature, 435n.
Leavenworth, General Henry,
mentioned, xiv.
Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, ac-
cuses Wise of misleading
Tyler, 79-80; advises selection
of vice presidential candidate
from non-slaveholding state,
79; attends Raleigh rally for
Clay, 103n; changes his opin-
ion of Webster, 82; comments
on Whig candidates, 79-83;
considers Adams a disuninion-
ist, 83; describes Clay's visit
to Raleigh, 114; favors New
Yorker for Vice President, 81;
gives his appraisal of Webster,
82; inquires if Mangum re-
ceived his letter, 103; letters
from, 79, 103, 114; mentioned,
74, 191, 505; opposes Jeffer-
sonian states righters, 80; por-
trait of, opposite page 257;
publishes Clay-Blair letters,
192n; regrets selection of
Tyler in 1840; thinks Clayton
unwise selection for Vice Pres-
ident, 80-81; thinks unwise to
nominate Lawrence, 82-83
views on Texas, 83.
Lemay, Thomas J., mentioned
426, 434.
Lenox, Walter, letter from, 44
Lewis, Dixon Hall, mentioned
265, 347, 384.
Lewis, J. Overton, replies to An-
derson questions, 144-148
views on political issues, 144-
148.
Lewis, Lieutenant H. H., men-
tioned, 374.
Lewis, William B., identified,
399n; invites Mangum to fes-
tival, 399-400; letter from,
399.
Liberty Party, accused of defeat-
ing Clay, 262; success in 1844,
83.
Littlejohn, Thomas B., men-
tioned, 149.
Liverpool, consul to appointed,
270.
Long, John, mentioned, 155.
Long, Osmond F., asks Mangum
to subscribe for newspaper for
him, 443-444; letter from, 443;
sketch of, 443n.
Long, Webb and Company, op-
erates a hotel, 443.
Lord, William C, mentioned,
286.
Loring, Thomas, mentioned, 169;
recommended for postmaster,
226; role in 1844 campaign,
151; tries to reestablish Bus-
bee's post office, 255-256.
Louisiana, election fraud in,
244n; election results in, 160n.
Louisburg, party feelings in, 163.
Louisburg Clay Club, meeting of
planned, 166.
Louisburg Whig District meet-
ing, 130.
Louisville Morning Post, men-
tioned, 471n.
Lowndes, William, mentioned,
505.
Ludlam, Henry, asks Mangum's
aid for Pleasant family, 401-
402; letter from, 400.
Lynch, James, asks Mangum's
opinion on Whig war policy,
440-442; letter from, 440;
sketch of, 440n.
Lynchburg Whig Committee,
letter from omitted, xii.
Lynchburg Whig Convention,
meeting of, xii.
Lyons, Mr., mentioned, 289.
M
McCulloh, James W., letter from,
51; promises to reimburse
Graves for mutilated note, 51-
52.
McDade, H., candidate for legis-
lature, 433.
McDonald, General, mentioned,
173.
McDuffie, George, mentioned,
143n, 151, 265, 298; part in
peace rumor, 453; speech of,
60, 124; tariff views of, 144,
147; supports annexation, 76.
McGiffin, George W., informs
Mangum of his election to
literary society, 58; letter
from, 58.
Mclver, Colin, chides Mangum
for not writing, 186; desires
Index
553
to dedicate a book to Clay,
187; letter from, 186; prepares
a book of maxims, 187-189;
seeks chaplaincy of Senate,
186-188.
McKay, James J., mentioned,
303n, 387, 496n; provision of
tariff bill of, 454n.
McKennon, Thomas M. T., pro-
posed for Vice President, 123.
McKerall, William, informs Man-
gum of his election to literary
society, 324; letter from, 324.
McKibbin, John S., accused of
dishonesty, 35; appointed New
York appraiser, 18; men-
tioned, 20, 21.
McLean, John, of New York,
concerned over Whig course,
10; letter from, 10; seeks Man-
gum's opinion on politics, 10;
sketch of, lOn.
McLean, Judge John, candidacy
of opposed, 282; considered for
Whig candidate in 1848, 393,
403, 431, 432, 435, 438, 448,
456, 479, 500, 516, 523-525;
letter from, 529; presidential
ambition of, 287; recommends
Williams Sheet, 529; resolu-
tions endorsing his candidacy,
501; strength in Ohio estimat-
ed, 500-501; strength in Mass-
achusetts, 493.
MeLemore, J. C, mentioned, 110.
McLeod, General Hugh, men-
tioned, 361.
McMackin, William, invites
Mangum to speak, 336-337;
letter from, 336.
McMahon, J. H., invites Man-
gum to Memphis Convention,
311; letter from, 310.
McMichael, Norton, letter to,
33; sketch of 32n.
McMillan A. B., mentioned,
303n.
McMannin, John A., book by,
308n.
McNeill, William Gibbs, letter
from, 388; opposes Moore's
promotion, 388-389; sketch of,
388n.
McRae, Duncan, mentioned, 150.
McRae, John, mentioned, 289.
Macon, Nathaniel, mentioned,
172, 173.
Madeira, mentioned, 86.
Madison, James, mentioned, 327.
Madison (Ga.), Whig rally in,
133.
Magnetic Telegraph, Mangum's
reaction to, 127; mentioned,
250. See also telegraph.
Mahan, Captain, Patrick, men-
tioned, 356.
Mail, federal subsidies for ad-
vocated, 259.
Mail routes in North Carolina,
changes in proposed, 386-387.
Maine, abolitionist strength in,
83; campaign of 1844 in, 119,
193n; political maneuvers in,
119; temperance movement in,
40; Whig strength in, 183.
Maine Democrats, campaign
tactics of reviewed, 195.
Maine Whig Central Committee,
Circular of, 193; list of mem-
bers of, 196.
Maine Whigs, attribute defeat to
ineffective organization, 194;
explain their defeat in 1844,
193-196; neglected to vote,
194; satisfied with their 1844
campaign, 194.
Mallory, Daniel, bemoans threat
of war with England, 341-342;
identified, 340n; letter from,
340; praises Mangum's speech,
341; urges settlement of
French spoliation claims, 340-
341.
Man, Samuel F., letters from,
402, 405, 409; reviews Rhode
Island campaign, 409-410; seeks
information on Simmon's
standing, 402, 406; sketch of,
402n.
Maney, Thomas, identified, 27n.
Mangham, James C, criticizes
Mangum for supporting Clay,
210-211; intimacy with Man-
gum's family, 212; letter from,
210.
Mangum, Augustus, mentioned,
232.
Mangum, Charity A., health of,
232; discusses family news,
231-233; has piano tuned, 232;
letter from, 231; letters to, 1,
7, 8, 25, 34, 251, 277, 280,
403, 434, 445, 451, 519; men-
tioned, 257, 289, 295, 305, 344,
345, 347, 348, 350, 493, 514,
520.
Mangum, Ellison G., letter to,
299; mentioned, 325, 402.
Mangum, Joseph, mentioned,
120.
Mangum, Martha Person (Pat-
tie), invited to a party, xvi; let-
554
Index
ters to, 239, 257, 344; men-
tioned, 8, 35, 252, 253, 259,
348, 404, 445.
Mangum Mary, illness of, 514,
519; letters to, 239, 344; men-
tioned, 8, 35, 252, 259, 348,
404, 445.
Mangum, Meekins, mentioned,
252, 404.
Mangum, Micajah, claims kin-
ship with Mangum, 120-121;
invites Mangum to visit him,
120-121; letter from, 120; re-
views his family history, 120-
121.
Mangum, Pattie, see Mangum,
Martha Person.
Mangum, Priestly Hinton, ad-
vises Mangum to polish his
speeches, 377; advises Man-
gum to send more documents,
377; concerned over Orange
election, 299-300; invited to
Granville Whig rally, xii; let-
ters from, 299, 376; letters to,
127, 207; letter to omitted, xii;
reviews race for county clerk,
299-300.
Mangum, Sally Alston, attends
a wedding, 278; grieves over
death of Alfred (slave), 377
health of, 403; illness of, 347
letters to, 162, 239, 344, 347
mentioned, 7, 34, 233, 252, 254,
257, 435, 445.
Mangum, Walter A., describes
epidemic, 207-208; letter from,
207; mentioned, 233, 348n.
Mangum, Mrs. Walter A., health
of, 208.
Mangum, William Person, refer-
red to, 212.
Mangum, William Preston, edu-
cation of, 252, 348, 404; men-
tioned, 25, 35, 127, 232, 240,
257, 345, 445, 452.
Mangum, Willie Person (ar-
ranged chronologically), por-
trait of, frontispiece; asked to
speak at Hickory Grove in
1844, xiii; invited to be com-
mencement speaker, xiv; in-
vited to become a member of
lyceum, xvi; asked to speak at
Harper's Ferry, xvi; elected
member of Excelsior Society,
xvi; invited to speak at New
Bern, xvi; invited by several
lodges to speak, xvi; intro-
duced to F. Hunt, 1; assistance
in obtaining an appointment
sought, 1-3; receives temper-
ance resolutions, 3-4; advised
of corruption in Navy Yard,
5-6; affection for his family
expressed, 7; advises on
plantation matters, 7; farming
equipment of, 7; plans trip to
Baltimore, 7; home life of, 7-
8; health of, 7, 8, 25, 34, 127,
193, 205, 208-209, 233, 251,
277, 280, 345, 347, 404, 417,
435, 445, 451, 452, 492; advises
his son on education, 8, 252,
348, 406; lives with Morehead,
8; invites Webster to dinner,
9; courts Webster's favor, 9;
suggested for Vice President
in 1844, 14, 29, 71; invited to
a Whig convention, 15; hires
his slaves, 17; treatment of
slaves, 17; sends fruit and
ornamental trees home, 25;
advice on politics sought, 26;
praised by Collins, 26; advises
Swain on bank notes, 28-29;
opposes Tyler's apointments,
28; optimistic about Clay's
chances, 28, 35, 42, 56, 128;
vice presidential chances of
discussed, 29-30; speech of re-
ferred to, 30; political course
of praised, 31, 51; expresses
dislike for posing for picture,
34; portrait of planned, 34-35;
advised to oppose Tyler's
appointments, 35; receives let-
ter from former servant, 37;
treats servant kindly, 37; ad-
mirer names his son for, 38-
39, 51; seeks continuation of
post office, 41; dislikes Wick-
liffe, 41; criticizes Spencer, 41;
asks Haywood to act for him,
41n; criticizes Calhoun's "chiv-
alry," 42; expresses sympathy
for Cameron, 42-43; gives ad-
vice on Clay's reception in Ra-
leigh, 43; heads Senate Whig
Committee, 47; praised for re-
jecting Spencer's nomination
48; elected a member of Wake
Clay Club, 50; helps collect
for mutilated treasury note,
b2; promises to locate docu-
ments, 53-54; advises Graham
on his campaign, 54; criticises
Haywood's Senatorial record,
54-55; reviews the strategy of
the Democrats, 56; urges a
large attendance at Raleigh
Clay meeting, 56; invited to
Clay meeting in Raleigh, 58;
elected to literary society at
Index
555
Dickinson College, 59; urged
to be cordial to Webster, 61;
entertains Webster^ 63; elected
a member of Providence Clay
Club, 65; gives his estimate of
Fillmore, 66; advises Clayton
on vice presidential race, 66-
67; expresses friendship for
John Davis, 66; advises Clay-
ton to stay in State Depart-
ment, 67; endorses Clayton for
Vice President, 67; portrait of
referred to, 72-73; controls
Whig finances for 1844 cam-
paign, 73; asked to contribute
to Whig publications, 73, 91;
failed to obtain nomination for
Vice President, 75; urges Clay-
ton to speak in New York, 75;
opposes Calhoun treaty, 76n;
assists Goodloe to obtain an
appointment, 84n; r e c o m-
mends Stansberry for Senate
appointment, 87; given a pen,
88; explains South's position
on annexation, 92-93; calms
Northern anxiety over annexa-
tion and tariff, 93; asked to
furnish documents, 111; ances-
tors of, 120, 242; sends out
speeches, 124; impressed by
telegraph, 127, 128; thinks
Polk's nomination good for
Whigs, 127-128; thinks Texas
question unimportant politi-
cally, 128; expresses contempt
for Tyler, 128; advises Graham
to make intensive campaign,
129; cost of portrait of, 131;
invited to Whig rallies, xi, xii,
XV, xvi, 132, 133, 148-149, 177-
178, 197-198, 201-202, 206;
respect for in New York, 132;
underestimates Polk's popu-
larity, 134n; political views of
praised, 140-141; invited to
speak at political rally, 155;
accused of betraying state in-
terests, 156; criticised for tariff
views, 156, 166-167; elected a
member of Clay Club, 158;
asked to send out newspapers,
162; criticised for views on
Bank, 166-167; interest in bee
hives, 167; chided for small
North Carolina Whig vote,
171; urged to help Whigs in
New York, 183; helps elect
Jones solicitor, 184; chided for
not writing, 186; invited to
Alabama Whig Convention,
189-190; selected as trustee of
Milton Academy, 196n; in-
vited to visit Baptist State
Convention, 196; subscribes to
Oxford paper, 198; urged to
ally sectional jealousies, 204;
health of hampers political ac-
tivities, 205n; New York sup-
port for, 206; criticised for
supporting Clay, 210-211; pre-
sented with cane, 213; praised
by Auchincloss, 213; intro-
duces Cain to Dodd, 217; tries
to obtain Cain's admission to
Princeton, 217-218; asked to
furnish copies of coal report,
221-222; asked to make certain
Senate committee assignments,
224; sells pork to neighbors,
232; sends Graham's Magazine
to his children, 239; advises
friend to send his sons to state
University, 240; recommends
Swain's nephew for West Point
appointment, 240; requests
catalogue of University, 240;
appearance of described, 242;
sketch of, 242-244; liberal at-
titude on appointments attrib-
uted to, 243; policy on con-
firmation of appointments,
243; concerned over report of
fraud, 244-245; urges Bacon to
bring his fraud charges to
Washington, 245, 251; inter-
ested in maritime inventions,
248; tries to expose election
fraud, 250-251; sends seed
home, 253; invited to deliver
commencement address, 254-
255; receives LL.D. degree,
255n; sends books to his daugh-
ter, 257; invited to visit Ohio,
263, urged to have Charlotte
mint rebuilt, 263; elected
member of Ogden Institute,
266; predicts passage of an-
nexation resolution, 267-268,
271; opposes English inter-
ference in Texas, 268; con-
cerned over annexation res-
olution, 268, 271; favors peace-
ful settlement of Oregon ques-
tion, 269; fears war with Great
Britain, 269, 272; justifies
Clingman's duel, 269-270; dis-
cusses controversy over an-
nexation, 271; opposes an-
nexation, 271; considers Polk
in political difficulty, 272; con-
siders Polk's Cabinet weak,
272; expresses fear Polk will
provoke war, 272; ends his
556
Index
term as president pro tempore
of the Senate, 277; portrait of
being painted, 277; delayed in
Washington, 280; purchases
furniture, 280; offers to assist
Carroll, 281; proposed for Vice
President for 1848, 282, 283-
284, 456, 469, 501, 516, 517;
asked to recommend insurance
agents, 286-287; proposed for
President, 287, 412; asked to
permit Towers publish Senate
documents, 290-291; promises
to write a magazine article,
294; interested in American
Whig Review, 294; urged to
solicit Southern writers, 294;
furnishes neighbors with corn,
296; offered honorary degree,
298-299; asked to help repair
University hall, 306-308; es-
tablishment of school for
considered, 308-309; invited
to Memphis Commercial Con-
vention, 311; asked to furnish
slaves for neighbor, 312;
asked to sell his products in
Richmond, 313; support for in
western North Carolina, 316;
recommended for governor,
316-317; elected a member of
Adelphian Society, 324; asks
Graham to discount two notes,
325; praised for method of
presiding, 326; political con-
troversy over, 329-330; re-
election for Senate in 1846
considered, 329-330; supported
by Whigs, 330; advised to
make speech in Senate, 330;
slave of cared for by physician,
330-331; urged to buy Texas
land, 331-332; campaigns for
Dickins, 333; asked to send
documents to Illinois and New
York, 333-335; invited to
speak in Philadelphia, 336-
337; commended for his course
on Cass' resolution, 337-338,
340, 369, 371, 372; tries to
allay war dangers, 338n; ap-
pointed to report on French
spoliation claims, 340; recom-
mends Colonel Ward for ap-
pointment, 344; sends invita-
tion to dance to his children,
344; Polk's feelings toward,
344n; interest in children's
education, 345; advises daugh-
ter on proper care for illness,
347; sends daughter guidebook
to Oregon, 347; considers mov-
ing to Oregon, 347-348; con-
siders leaving North Carolina,
348n; invited to join a literary
society, 364; asked to pair with
Haywood, 365; votes against
Slidell's confirmation, 365n;
asked to introduce Hill to
Washington friends, 365-366;
asked to furnish an introduc-
tion for Skinner, 373; speech
on Cass' resolution criticised,
377; advised to send out more
documents, 377; introduces
Skinner to Graham, 378;
amends Crittenden's resolu-
tion, 381n; proposes arbitra-
tion with England, 381n; pro-
poses bill to organize Oregon
territory, 381n; speech on
Oregon praised, 383, 395, 412;
respected by naval officers,
389; reaction to "Ivory Cruci-
fix," 389; asked to support
Whitehorne's appointment,
392; support for guaranteed,
396; article about planned,
398; asked to contribute to
needs of Pleasant's family,
401-402; urges daughters to
plant flowers, 403; desires
school for son, 404; interested
in children's education, 404;
subscribes to school, 404;
praises Simmons, 409; portrait
of referred to, 413; criticised
for endorsing Simmons, 414;
invited to visit New York, 417;
proposes payment of Thomas's
claims, 42 In; invited to New
York Clay celebration, 422;
respected by young men of
New York, 423; hears from
former servant, 423-424; de-
clines invitation to Clay cele-
bration, 424-425; asked to
solicit aid for Cameron's pa-
per, 427; speech of request-
ed, 429; asked to write his
religious opinions for publi-
cation, 430; concerned over
war, 435; expresses contempt
for Polk's administration, 435;
considers withdrawing from
Senate, 435; views on Mexi-
can War sought, 440-442; op-
poses partisan character of war
resolution, 441n; asked to sub-
scribe to a paper for a friend,
443-444; recommends Creecy
for naval appointment, 444;
sees danger of war with Eng-
land, 445; role in debate on
Index
557
war, 447; asks that he see copy
of his speech before publica-
tion, 447; concerned over re-
port of his speech, 447; op-
poses investigation of Gaines'
activities, 447; disappointed
over wine supply, 449-450;
picture of Green sent to, 451;
rejoices over treaty with Eng-
land, 452; expresses fear
Mexican War be long, 452;
lung of affected, 452; favors
vigorous prosecution of the
War, 452; peace proposals of,
453; proposes unity of parties
for war effort, 453-454; praised
for his views, 456; commended
for opposition to Nativists,
456; credited with Whig gains
in 1846, 477; Whig opposition
to, 477-478; strong support for
in the East, 480; accused of
being a poor correspondent,
482; decides to return to Sen-
ate, 492; delays announce-
ment for the Senate, 496;
advises against Clay's candi-
dacy in 1848, 500n, 523;
asked to have his state endorse
McLean, 501; invited to
Green's wedding, 513; rejoices
over Whig victories in 1846,
514; unable to make profit
from slaves, 514; offered a
slave, 517; offered time to pay
for slave, 518; buys a slave,
520; requests Washington
Union for a friend, 527; serves
as chairman of Barrow's fu-
neral committee, 530; praises
Crittenden for his part in Bar-
row's funeral, 530-531; ex-
presses affection for Critten-
den, 531.
Mangum, Willie Person, charac-
teristics of: appearance, 242-
243; as a business man, 17, 251;
as a country gentleman, 18, 25,
34, 242, 349, 405; as a family
man, 7-8, 25, 34, 127, 231-233,
251-252, 257, 277, 280, 344-
345, 347-348, 403-404, 434,
435, 445, 451-452, 519; as a
farmer, 7, 25, 168, 232; as a
father, 8, 239, 259, 344-345,
348; as a patriot, 243; as a
planter, 7, 17, 25, 253, 296-297,
313; as presiding officer, 242,
326; as a religious man, 389;
as a slave owner, 17, 37, 330-
331; as a speaker, 369, 371,
372, 383; as a writer, 294;
sense of humor of, 75, 347-348;
social graces of, 34, 405; voice
of, 242. See also, Mangum, Wil-
lie Person (arranged chrono-
logically).
Mangum, Willie Person, views
of: on annexation of Texas,
102, 268, 271; on Democratic
factionalism, 56; on duelling,
269-270; on education of his
children, 8, 252, 257; on farm-
ing, 7; on Mexican War, 435,
441n, 447, 452, 453-454; on
Polk's Cabinet, 269, 271-272;
on threatened war with Eng-
land, 337-338, 340; on Tyler's
appointments, 10, 28, 41; on
Whig vice presidential candi-
dates, 66-67. See also, Man-
gum, Willie Person (chrono-
logically arranged),
Mangum, Willie Person, Jr., ill-
ness of, 129.
Mangum Family, invited to
Green's wedding party, 512.
Mangum Papers, chronological
list of, xvii-xxvii; symbols
used to designate depositories
of, xxviii.
Manly, Charles, considered for
presidential elector, 130; in-
forms Mangum that University
offers him an honorary degree,
298-299; letter from, 298;
mentioned, 152, 316.
Manly, Y., asks Mangum's aid
for University repairs, 307;
letter from, 307.
Manney, James, changes views
on tariff, 382; identified, 381n;
letter from, 381; praises Man-
gum's plan for settling Oregon
question, 382; praises tariff of
1842, 382; urges peace with
England, 382.
Manteo Lodge, invites Mangum
to speak, xvi.
Marcy, William L., accused of
lying, 521-522; leads Hunkers,
495n; mentioned, 520.
Marine and Fire Insurance, Car-
roll's interest in, 287.
Marine Hospital, need for, 379-
381.
Marine Sectional Dock, value of
discussed, 436-437.
Marion, Alabama, Whig activi-
ties in, 46.
Markle, James, causes of defeat
in Pennsylvania, 215; men-
tioned, 180n.
Marshall, Isaac, mentioned, xiii.
558
Index
Martin, Alexander, mentioned,
173.
Martin, Francis Xavier, men-
tioned, 57n.
Martin, James, mentioned, 57.
Martin, Samuel, concerned over
English expansion, 298; favors
canal for Beaufort and Neuse,
297; letters from, 297, 348;
proposes canal system, 297-
298; sketch of, 297n; urges
building canals in North Caro-
lina, 348-349.
Maryland, eighteen forty-four
election returns from, 219;
fraudulent voting in predicted,
207; iron mining in, 100;
teacher's salary in, 296.
Mason, John Y., receives honor-
ary degree, 255n; remains in
Polk's Cabinet, 271.
Massachusetts, abolition senti-
ment in, 83; convention in de-
layed, 94; gerrymandering in,
112-113; laborers in hurt by
Texan vote, 509; unenthusiast-
ic about Webster, 493; Whigs
in loyal to Clay, 94.
Matamoras, mentioned, 371, 372.
"Matty," see Van Buren, Martin.
Maury, Matthew F., advocates a
navy yard at Memphis, 108n.
Maverick, Peter, engraving by,
opposite page 92.
Maverick, S. H., mentioned, 356.
Mayer, Charles F., discusses poli-
tical dangers in rejecting
Spencer, 11-12; letter from,
11; sketch of, lln; supports
Spencer's nomination, 11-12.
Meares, Gaston, sketch of, 16n;
visits Washington, 16.
Meares, T. O., mentioned, 303n.
Meares, William B., mentioned,
16.
Mebane, Giles, becomes a candi-
date for legislature, 433.
Mecklenburg (N. C), Whig mass
meeting in planned, xiii.
Mecklenburg County ( Va. ) ,
mass meeting in planned, xii.
Memphis Commercial Conven-
tion, congressional reaction to
resolutions of, 310n; July ses-
sion of, 310-311; Mangum in-
vited to attend, 311; political
discussions avoided in, 311;
preliminary meeting poorly at-
tended, 310; recommendations
of, 310n; topics suggested for
November meeting, 311; sev-
eral sessions of, 31 On.
Memphis Navy Yard, caliber of
bar in, 139; efforts to build,
108n; expenses of construction
of estimated, 109; relative
merits of several locations re-
viewed, 109-110.
Mercantile Advertizer and New
York Advocate, mentioned,
258n.
Mercantile business leaders, con-
cerned over Oregon issue, 115-
116.
Mercantile and commercial in-
terests, exert little influence
on masses, 105-106.
Merchant Service, abolishes use
of alcohol, 4.
Merchant's Magazine. See Hunt's
Merchant's Magazine.
Merrick, William D., favors Tex-
an annexation, 269; men-
tioned, 160.
Methodist Home Missionary and
Tract Society, invites Mangum
to speak, 336-337.
Mexican Revolution of 1846, de-
lay of, 371; success of, 371n.
Mexican War, beginning of an-
nounced, 435; concern over
consequences of, 460; efforts
to end by negotiation, 453-454;
New York partisan views on,
440-442; party politics about,
441n; resolution declaring,
441n; responsibilty for, 440-
442; services offered for, 443;
strategy of considered, 449;
Whigs' views on, 441n.
Mexico, American vandalage in,
358-361; believed to be ready
to accept annexation, 78; men-
tioned, 268, 269; title to Texas
examined, 135.
Michigan, reaction to Clay's let-
ter, 201.
Mickle, Mr., mentioned, 531.
Mier incident, compensation for
participants in, 356-357; facts
of reviewed, 353; Houston's
role in reviewed, 354-358;
mentioned, 319, 323.
Mier prisoners, treatment of,
320.
Migration from North Carolina,
1, 27, 60.
Military academy, appointment
to sought, 261. See also West
Point and under names of ap-
plicants.
Military pensions, sought, xi,
xiii, xiv, XV, xvi, 118, 172-174.
Index
559
See also under names of ap-
plicants.
Miller, Henry W., letters from,
50, 58; letter from omitted, xi;
mentioned, 152, 166n; proposes
Badger and Osborne for Sen-
ators, 497.
Miller, W. D., mentioned, 78;
praised for his knowledge of
Texas, 57; serves as secretary
of Texan delegation, 57;
serves as Houston's secretary,
57n.
Miller, W. S., contradicts Buch-
anan, 390.
Milton, conflict of newspapers in,
273; copy of newspapers from
requested, 49.
Milton Banner, contest with
Whig paper, 273.
Milton Chronicle, difficulties of,
273.
Milton Democrats, try to force
Whig paper to wall, 273.
Milton Female Institute, estab-
lishment of planned, 196-197;
trustees of, 196n.
Milton Spectator, mentioned,
273.
Milwee, Samuel, replies to
Anderson questions, 144-148;
views on political issues, 144-
148.
Miner, Charles, discusses the
possibility of silk culture, 461-
464; letter from, 460; outlines
plan to develop silk culture,
462-463; sketch of, 460n.
Minge, John, discusses the re-
moval of postmaster, 327-329;
identified, 327n; letter from,
327.
Mississippi, condition of crops in,
208; epidemic in, 207.
Missouri, Whig efforts to elect
legislators in, 161.
Mitchell, Charles, mentioned,
174.
Mitchell, Elijah, mentioned, 174.
Mitchell, Elisha, mentioned,
385n.
Mitchell, R. J., letter from, 198;
sends Mangum a bill for news-
paper subscription, 198-199.
Mobile Whigs, reaction to Clay's
defeat, 233-234.
Moncure, Henry W., asks Man-
gum to help provide for Pleas-
ant's family, 400-401; letter
from, 400.
Money for release of Texan pris-
oners, 360, 361.
Monroe, Isaac, of Baltimore Pa-
triot, mentioned, 10.
Monroe, James, mentioned, 172.
Montpelier school, mentioned,
241.
Moore, Augustus, defeated for
legislature, 169.
Moore, Bartholomew F., con-
sidered for presidential elec-
tor, 130.
Moore, E. W., mentioned, 323,
351, 446; promotion to naval
captain opposed, 388-389;
treatment by Houston, 352.
Moore, Eliza, mentioned, 251.
Moore, George, letter from omit-
ted, xiii.
Moore, R. S., accounts of omit-
ted, 373-374.
Moore, Robert G., mentioned,
373.
Moore, Stephen, asks Mangum to
pay for his newspaper, 278;
letter from, 278; seeks infor-
mation about a patent, 278.
Moore, Mrs. V. S., mentioned,
374.
Morehead, James Turner, of
Kentucky, agrees to prepare
a sketch of Mangum, 398; ar-
ranges for a portrait of Man-
gum, 34-35; letter from, 75;
letter to, 62; mentioned, 13,
26, 32, 49, 56, 86, 96, 101, 121,
202, 225, 290, 363, 368, 424,
439, 472, 475; part in the pub-
lication of Fremont's Journal,
290, 291; portrait of, opposite
page 457; praised by Mangum,
34-35; speech of, 126; supports
Clayton for Vice President, 65;
urges Clayton to speak in New
York, 75-76.
Morehead, John Motley, con-
sidered for the Senate, 477,
497; invites Mangum to a po-
litical rally, 155; letter from,
155; mentioned, 55; serves as
chairman of the Whig Central
Committee, 152.
Morganton, Whig rally in plan-
ned, 177-178, 203-204.
Morrell, William H., letter to, 13;
mentioned, 19.
Morris, Eastim, letter to, 108.
Morris, W. B., letter to, 108;
mentioned, 110.
Morrison, D., invites Mangum to
Memphis convention, 311; let-
ter from, 310; mentioned, 109.
Morse, Louis H., mentioned, 278.
560
Index
Morse, Samuel, mentioned, 174,
250.
Morton, Governor Marcus, men-
tioned, 127.
Moseley, A, invites Mangum to
speak at political rally, 136;
letter from, 136.
Mower, J. B., advocates McLean
and Mangum for candidates,
393-394, 431, 448, 469, 516;
asks Mangum's views on na-
tional politics, 468-469; dis-
cusses Whig candidates for
1848, 393-394, 407-408, 469,
523-525; disturbed over the
opposition to Lawrence, 383-
384; favors strong support to
war, 525; letters from, 318,
383, 393, 407, 430, 448, 468,
515, 523; praises Senate for
opposition to war, 407; re-
joices over Oregon settlement,
430-431; rejoices over Whig
successes, 515; seeks an ap-
pointment as Senate officer,
318-319; urges Whigs to drop
Clay, 523-525.
Mt. Savage Mechanical Lyceum,
mentioned, xvi.
Mudd, J. H. Clay, identified,
512n; letter from, 512; sends
Missouri election returns, 512.
Mullins, William S., hopes to
build up Fayetteville Library,
246; letter from, 246; requests
documents for library, 246-
247; sketch of, 246n.
"Multicole rye," seed of sought,
61-62.
Munday, George, mentioned, 22.
Murphey, P. U., asks that date
of his commission be changed,
467; letters from, 123, 338,
467; offers to send Mangum
figs, 467-468; seeks promotion
in the navy, 338-339; sends
Mangum some terrapins, 123;
sketch of, 123n; unable to send
oysters, 124.
Murphy, Alexander, death of,
207.
Murphy, Henry C, controls ap-
pointments for Brooklyn Dis-
trict, 5; sketch of, 5n.
Murphy, John, prints compaign
material, 25.
Murphy, W. S., mentioned, 107.
Myers, A., letter from omitted,
xii.
Mysteries of Washington City,
mentioned, 242n.
N
Nag's Head, mentioned, 459.
Nash, Frederick, elected judge,
226; mentioned, 50, 54, 130,
296.
Nash, P., mentioned, 232.
Nashville Southern Convention
opposed, 146.
National Clay Club, considers a
testimonial for Clay, 223; sub-
scribes to Collins's pamphlet,
89.
National Intelligencer, men-
tioned, XV, 81, 219, 273, 278,
350, 406, 459; subscription to
sought, 443-444; Whig control
of advocated, 487.
National Magazine and Indus-
trial Record, mentioned, 258n.
National Turnpike, mentioned,
311.
National Whig Banner, funds for,
179.
Native American Party, decline
in votes for in 1846, 498n; his-
tory of, 181n; maneuvers of,
181-182; strength of, 90; suc-
cess in New York, 181. See al-
so, Nativists.
Nativists, criticised for anti-
slavery views, 507-511; criti-
cised for hostility to South,
508; opposed by Mangum, 456;
strength of, 90; support in
Pennsylvania of, 215.
Naval appointment sought, xiv.
Naval gun, new style available,
xiv.
Naval officers, appointment as
sought, 437; changes in pro-
motion plan for, 366; pro-
motion in Texas navy, 388-389.
Nelson, Thomas, invites Mangum
to speak at rally, 136; letter
from, 136.
New Bern Spectator, mentioned,
373.
New Bern, Whig rally in plan-
ned, xiii.
New Echota Treaty, mentioned,
457n.
New Hampshire State Washing-
ton Temperance Society, con-
vention of, 3-4.
New Jersey, eighteen forty-four
election returns from, 219;
eighteen forty-six election re-
turns from, 513; vote fraud in
investigated, 206; Whig
strength in, 181, 201.
Index
561
New Jersey Democratic Conven-
tion, mentioned, 56.
New Orleans Jeffersonian, men-
tioned, 446.
Newspaper advertisement, 24.
Newspaper clipping, 20-23.
Newspapers, financial difficulties
of, 98; free postage of advo-
cated, 259. See also the several
newspapers listed.
New York, bank credit in, 28-29;
campaign excitement in 1844,
132, 199-200; character of
Tyler supporters in, 20-23;
considered safe for Whigs in
1844, 209-210; contest in, 201;
Democratic spoils in, 20-23;
election fraud in 1844 charged,
244n, 251; election fraud in in-
vestigated, 254; election out-
come in, 86, 160, 218-219, 513;
farmers of favor McLean, 495;
feeling for Mangum strong,
206; leaders in favor tariff of
1846, 454-455; party conflict
in, 181-182, 441-442, 479-481,
52 In; public meeting in called,
440; strength of Nativists in,
90n; voter lists suggested, 499-
500; weather in, 200; Whig
chances in estimated, 171, 176,
181-182; Whig procession in
assaulted, 199.
New York Arena, mentioned,
276.
New York Aurora, mentioned,
276.
New York Battery, beauty of,
200.
New York City, control of Na-
tivists in, 181; party alignment
in, 181-182; vote of claimed by
Whigs in 1844, 205, character
of Tyler supporters in, 20-23.
New York Clay celebration, in-
vitation declined by Mangum,
424-425; plans for, 417-418;
purposes of examined, 422-
423.
New York Commercial Bank,
mentioned, 20, 35.
New York Constitutional Con-
vention, changes made by,
408n.
New York Courier and Enquirer,
mentioned, 35; policy of ex-
plained, 13.
New York Custom House, ap-
pointment to, 199.
New York Day Book, mentioned,
244n.
New York Democratic admin-
istration, considered inade-
quate, 492.
New York Democrats, party ma-
neuvers of, 18; newspapers
desert in 1844, 165; split over
1844 platform, 165; split in
1846, 492, 495.
New York Express, used in 1844
campaign, 162.
New York Farmer's Library and
Monthly Journal of Agricul-
ture, mentioned, 317n.
New York Herald, tariff views
of, 63.
New York Journal of Commerce,
mentioned, 397.
New York Legislature, opposi-
tion to Spencer, 48.
New York National Convention
and Festival, planned, 206.
New York National Hall, men-
tioned, 90.
New York Nativists, strength of
estimated, 493.
New York Naval Officer, ap-
pointment of, 91; removal of,
18.
New York Plebeian, engages in
controversy with the Post, 165.
New York Post, feud with Ple-
beian, 165.
New York Post Office, men-
tioned, 317.
New York Subterranean, clip-
ping from, 20-23; criticises
Federal appointments, 20-23;
sketch of, 20n, 21n.
New York Tribune, mentioned,
317n.
New York Whigs, ask Southern
Whigs their views on tariff,
470-471; campaign for Clay in
1844, 90, 171; concerned over
spoils, 18-20; consider union
with Nativists, 181-182; con-
sider candidates for Vice Pres-
ident, 81; defeat Spencer's
confirmation, lln; disappoint-
ed at Democratic candidate
for governor, 181; favor Fill-
more for Vice President, 104,
492; friendship for Mangum,
423; harmonious, 495; incon-
sistent on Oregon, 368n; invite
Clayton to speak, 85; maneu-
vers to defeat Nativists, 90-
91; oppose a change in the
tariff, 63, 64; oppose confir-
mation of Spencer, 31-32; op-
pose Texan annexation, 76n;
562
Index
oppose Tyler's appointments,
35; oppose war with England,
368; optimistic over election
prospects in 1844, 205; plan a
celebration, 422; plan a tariff
meeting, 470; pleased over
Mangum's return to the Sen-
ate, 492; policy toward Mexi-
can War discussed, 441-442;
position on the vice presiden-
tial candidates, 105; reaction
to the defeat of Spencer's nom-
ination, 48; seek congressional
opinion on proper war policy,
441-442; try to revive the
Bank, 475; united in 1844,
154.
Nicholls, T. L., mentioned, 276.
Nichols, Charles, asks Man-
gum's aid to increase pay of
consuls, 497-498; letter from,
497.
Nichols, Richeson, candidate for
sheriff, 433, 434; mentioned,
444.
Niles, John Milton, sanity of
questioned, 96n.
Niles Register, mentioned, 459.
Noah, Mordecai M., portrait of,
opposite page 155.
Norris, Thadeus, invites Man-
gum to speak, 336-337; letter
from, 336.
North American, mentioned, 482;
sent to Mangum, 472.
Northampton County, Whig mass
rally in planned, xiii.
North Carolina, approval of Fre-
linghuysen is noted, 126; cam-
paign of 1844 in, 111-112, 140-
142, 150-152, 155, 165; canals
in proposed, 348-349; con-
gressional election results in,
303n; congressmen from op-
pose annexation, 269; copper
possibilities in, 385-386; de-
cline of population in, 348;
economic plight of, 1-3, 348;
election results in, 142, 167n,
169, 218; election results in
affected by "Corrupt Bargain"
charge, 192; expected to sup-
port Polk, 154; gerrymander-
ing as a political issue, 112,
526n; governor's race in
1844, 49-50, 54-55, 151; gov-
ernor's race in 1846, 395-396;
iron foundaries in, 385-386;
lack of cities in, 2; migration
from, XV, 2, 27, 45, 60, 129,
347-348; plans for Clay's visit,
49; rating of bank notes in 28-
29; reaction to election results
in 1844, 180; sectional feeling
in, 204; senatorial election in,
496n; sentiment in favors an
Oregon compromise, 397; silk
culture proposed for, 461-464;
slaves from desire to return,
17.
North Carolina arms, inquired
about, 419.
North Carolina Cherokees, aid
sought to arrest member, 458;
claims of, 457-458; mentioned,
527.
North Carolina Clay Clubs, men-
tioned, 162. See also, political
rallies.
North Carolina Democratic Con-
vention, unable to agree on
candidate for governor, 397.
North Carolina Democrats,
gerrymandering by, 112n; op-
pose Oregon extension, 374;
reported active in campaign,
151.
North Carolina Legislature, ask-
ed to endorse McLean and
Mangum, 501; campaign issues
in, 111-113; gerrymandering
by, 112n; resolutions of, 263-
264.
North Carolina motto, inquired
about, 419.
North Carolina solicitor, election
of, 184-185.
North Carolina Whig newspaper,
establishment of planned, 426.
North Carolina Whigs, alarmed
over Democratic campaign,
155; candidates for governor
discussed, 316-317; candidates
from support Mangum, 477;
defeat of in 1844, 169; disap-
pointed with newspapers, 427;
entertain Clay in Raleigh,
103n; gains in 1844, 169; gains
in 1846, 477; gerrymandering
by, 112n; plans for Clay's
by, 112n; plans for Clay's visit,
49; plan rally in Morganton,
177; question patriotism of
Polk's grandfather, 165; re-
action to defeat of 1844, 229;
receive political material, 159;
reported indolent in 1844, 151;
successes of, 168; support a
new newspaper, 426-427; Su-
preme Court judge appointed
from, 50; votes in 1844, 171.
Northern attacks on South, criti-
cised, 504-506.
Index
563
Norwood, John W., candidate
for county clerk, 301; letters
from, 517, 520; letter from
omitted, xv; sells Mangum a
slave, 520; settles father's
estate, 518.
Norwood, Joseph, mentioned,
299.
Nott, Elephalet, advocates the
sectional dock, 436; letter
from, 435; sketch of, 435n.
O
Oakland (Miss.), epidemic near,
207.
O'Brien, Spencer, discusses Whig
chances in 1844, 30; favors
Mangum for Vice President,
30; letter from, 29; seeks pen-
sion for a friend, 29.
O'Connell, of New York, men-
tioned, 90.
Oconolufty Indians, aid the
American army, 458.
Ocracoke, collector of, 225.
Odd Fellow lodges, invite Man-
gum to speak, xvi.
Ogden, Captain, mentioned, 356.
Ogden Institute, mentioned, 266.
Ohio, character of federal ap-
pointments in, 243; newspa-
pers in favor McLean, 501.
Oliver, J. H., informs Mangum
of his election to a literary
society, 58; letter from, 58.
Olmstead, Denison, mentioned,
385n.
Orange County, campaign in,
433-434, 465; clerk election
controversy in, 299-300, 301-
302, 303-304; division of dis-
cussed, 102; effects of di-
vision on parties, 102; ef-
forts to organize military com-
pany in, 528; party strife over
election of clerk, 299-300.
Orange County Whig mass meet-
ing, planned, xiii.
Orange County Whigs, delega-
tion to Raleigh Clay meeting,
115; division among, 301-302.
Oregon, building stockade in ad-
vocated, 343; colonization of
urged, 342-343; guide to men-
tioned, 347; steps taken to
end joint occupation of, 363n;
title to disputed, 382.
Oregon Question, arbitration of
supported, 379, 381-382; cau-
tion on advocated, 407; com-
promise of favored, 397; con-
cern over, 459-460; con-
troversy over, 390; corre-
spondence on reported to Con-
gress, 390; dangers of re-
viewed, 342-343; disposition
of, 420; explained, 116n; men-
tioned, 101, 115, 116; negotia-
tion with England over, 369;
New York Whigs favor peace-
ful settlement of, 368; opposed
by North Carolina Democrats,
374; proposals for settlement
of, 381n; settled, 432-433;
settlement of approved, 413;
settlement of attributed to
Benton and Calhoun, 460; set-
tlement of favored by the Bri-
tish, 379n.
Oregon Territory, congressional
proceedings on condemned,
88-89.
Oregon Treaty, signed, 452n.
Osborne, James W., candidate
for the Senate, 496; letter from
omitted, xiii; mentioned, 500.
Outlaw, David, mentioned, 303n,
460.
Owen, Evans and Company,
mentioned, 400.
Oxford Examiner^ mentioned,
84n.
Oxford Mercury and District
Telegram, mentioned, 302n;
subscribed to by Mangum,
198.
Oxford Whigs, barbecue planned
by, xii, 157. See also Granville
County.
Pacific Railroad, English aid for
sought, 474.
Page, Dr., mentioned, 465.
Paist, Charles, letter from omit-
ted, xvi.
Packenham, Richard, mentioned,
382, 474; offers to arbitrate
Oregon question, 379; signs
Oregon Treaty, 452n.
Palfrey, John G., accuses Texans
of being dangerous foreigners,
507; claims Texan Senators
helped pass tariff, 509; criti-
cised for abolitionist views,
507-511.
Palmer, Nathaniel J., asks Man-
gum to serve as trustee of aca-
demy, 196-197; letter from,
196; mentioned, 169, 305;
sketch of, 169n.
Paramalli, Mr., mentioned, 19.
564
Index
Parades, General Mariam, dem-
onstration of, 371; seizes
Tampico, 372.
Parker, Abner, family of dis-
tressed by illness, 232; men-
tioned, 301, 312n, 325.
Parker, Harrison, mentioned,
301, 325.
Parker, Jesse, mentioned, 232,
233.
Parker, Lucy P., mentioned,
312n.
Parker, Mary, illness of, 232.
Parrish, Colonel C, mentioned,
41; restored to post office job,
4 In; seeks continuation of his
post office, 41.
Parrish, Williamson, identified,
527n.
Party convention, meeting of,
15.
Party maneuvers in Maine, 119.
Party spoils in New York, 18-20.
Patronage, as a factor in elec-
tions, 484.
Patterson, James, candidate for
legislature, 433.
Patterson, R. S., mentioned, 45.
Patterson, Thomas J., mentioned,
174.
Patterson, William, candidate for
the legislature, 433.
Patterson's store, of Wake Coun-
ty, mentioned, 155.
Peabody, John, letter from omit-
ted, xvi.
Peace negotiation proposed, 453.
Peachy, William S., nominated
for consul, 61; supports Clay,
61.
Pearce, James Alfred, criticises
Haywood, 55; sketch of, 55n.
Peck, George W., mentioned,
294n.
Pedington, Asa, letter from, 40;
opposes "spirits rations" for
navy, 40; sends resolutions on
temperance, 40.
Pegram, James W., invites Man-
gum to speak at a political
rally, 136-137; letter from,
136; letter from omitted, xi;
mentioned, 137.
Pendleton (S. C.) District, divi-
sion of, 147.
Pennsylvania, campaign of 1844
in, 161; effect of tariff issue
on vote of, 206; election frauds
asserted, 223, 244n; election
results in 1846, 498n; election
results of 1846 reviewed, 499;
political maneuvers in, 180.
Pennsylvania College, mention-
ed, 364.
Pennsylvania Democrats, decline
in vote of, 498n; tariff cam-
paign policies of, 161.
Pennsylvania Whig Committee,
list of members of, 198.
Pennsylvania Whigs, advised to
support Porter's nomination,
33; optimistic in 1844, 131;
plan a rally, 197; strength of,
183; vice presidential candi-
date from advocated, 81.
Pensacola dry dock, mentioned,
530.
Percival, Charles, letter from,
334; seeks public documents,
334-335.
Perote, Castle of, mentioned,
360; Texan escape from, 360-
361.
Petersburg post master, removal
of, 327-329.
Petrita, mentioned, 361.
Pettis, I. H., mentioned, 244, 250.
Phebe (slave), sale of, 228.
Phelps, Samuel S., asigns Senate
room to portrait painter, 59;
letter from, 59; sketch of, 59n;
speech of requested, 138.
Philadelphia, sentiment in strong
for Whigs, 89; political dinner
in planned, xi; Methodist in in-
vite Mangum to speak, 336-
337; Methodist Board of Mis-
sions in raise money for poor,
337; Whig convention plan-
ned in, 197; Whigs in support
Tyler's nominations, 260.
Philanthropic Society, repair of
hall of, 306n.
Philomathaen Society, invites
Mangum to become a member,
364.
Phoenix, Jonas P., asked to
present cane to Mangum, 213;
mentioned, 258.
Piano owned by Mangum, 232.
Pictorial Illustration of the Way
of Life and Death, 308n.
Pierce, Franklin, sponsors tem-
perance society, 3n.
Pinkney, William, mentioned,
505.
Piper, William, agent of Mc-
Mannin, 308n; discusses pos-
sibility of establishing school,
308-309; letter from, 308;
mentioned, 452; offers to serve
as Mangum's overseer, 308-
309; school of not supported,
Index
565
403-404; straitened circum-
stances of, 308.
Pittsboro Whig mass meeting
planned, xiii.
Pleasants, John H., characteris-
tics of, 400-401; destitute cir-
cumstances of family of, 401;
invites Mangum to Whig con-
vention, 15; killed in a duel,
400; letters from, 15, 201;
mentioned, 203; opposes duel-
ling, 400.
Pleasants, Samuel, letter from
omitted, xii.
Pleasants-Ritchie duel, causes of,
400n.
Pneumonia, prevalence of, 330,
331,
Poe, Edgar Allan, mentioned,
293n.
Poindexter, John F., letter from
omitted, xvi.
Political campaign, materials
used in, 352-362.
Political consequences of Spen-
cer's rejection, 11-12.
Political maxims, list of, 188-189.
Political rallies of 1844, 59, 134-
135, 136-137, 143-148, 148-150,
153, 155-159, 166-167, 168-169,
177, 178-179, 189-190, 191, 197,
201-202, 203-204.
*Tolk and Dallas — a High
Tariff and Protection," used as
a slogan in Pennsylvania, 161.
Polk, Ezekiel, Revolutionary
record of, 165n.
Polk, James K., abilities of ana-
lyzed, 145; accused of being
unfit for the presidency, 141;
accused of cowardice, 438-
439; accused of treating Cal-
houn unkindly, 291; admin-
istration of blamed for war,
445; Cabinet of considered
weak, 272; composition of
Cabinet discussed, 238; con-
sidered strong Cabinet, 201;
considered tool of Jackson,
141; delays Cabinet appoint-
ments, 269, 271-272; delays
Scott's appointment, 519n;
estimate of, 185; involved in
New York Democratic fight,
495n; lack of support for, 394;
letter to, 344; maneuvers for
annexation, 268n; mentioned,
163, 176, 244n, 281, 397, 504,
513; nomination of a surprise
to Clay and Mangum, 127-128,
134; offers a plan of peace,
453; opinion of Mangum,
344n; part played in the pas-
sage of Texan resolution, 268-
269, 271-272; pictured as fa-
voring Texan boundary claims,
322; popular vote for, 219;
presented as friendly to Texas
interests, 321; presented as a
protectionist, 180; proves a
strong candidate in New York,
154; reaction to nomination of,
127-128; receives an honor-
ary degree, 255n; record as a
student, 185; rejects English
offer to arbitrate, 379n; reluc-
tant to oppoint General Scott
519n; reputation in the Uni-
versity, 185; revolutionary
record of grandfather of, 165n;
sectional responsibility for
election of, 504-505; selection
of Cabinet, 269, 271-272;
South Carolina candidates op-
pose, 145; strength in Pennsyl-
vania, 161, 206; supporters of
discouraged, 178; views of
analyzed, 141-142, 241; war
policies of criticised, 446.
Polk, Sarah, mentioned, 37.
Polk, Thomas G., letter from,
442; offers himself for military
service, 442-443; seeks ap-
pointment as brigadier gen-
eral, 442-444.
Polly, Miss, mentioned, 403.
Pope, J., Jr., invites Mangum
to Memphis Commercial Con-
vention, 311; letter from, 310;
reviews July session of Mem-
phis Convention, 311.
Porter, David P., mentioned,
180.
Porter, John Madison, appoint-
ment of rejected, 28n; rejec-
tion of criticised, 32; sketch of,
28n.
Portraits of United States Sena-
tors with Biographical Sketch
of Each, mentioned, 398n.
Postage, reduction of advocated,
259.
Post Office, criticism of, 4 In.
Potter, Robert, mentioned, 357.
Powell, Alexander, brings libel
suit against Webb, 216, 245.
Powell, William H., commis-
sioned to paint a picture for
Rotunda, 375.
Powers, Very Rev. Dr. John,
mentioned, 91.
Pratt, William N., candidate for
legislature, 433.
566
Index
Prescott, William, asks Man-
gum's views on tariff term-
inology, 230-231; letter from,
230; seeks meaning of political
terms, 230-231.
Preston, William C, as president
of a college, 391.
Presidential campaign of 1844,
abolitionism made an issue in,
201n; charges of fraud in, 234,
238, 244n; "Corrupt Bargain,"
made an issue in, 190-192;
Democatic plans in, 134; dis-
cussed, 26-27, 29, 89-90; dis-
tribution of party literature in,
159; effects of Clay's letter in,
201; election returns in, 218-
219; issues raised in, 143-148;
Mangum's opinion on, 42;
New York's role in, 199-200;
plans for, 15, 46; pre-election
predictions on, 214-215; prep-
arations for, 44-45; propa-
ganda used in, 164-165; South
Carolina's part in, 143-148;
tariff as an issue in, 180;
Texas question in, 102-103,
128; Virginia's role in, 141-
142; western North Carolina
in, 178; Whig maneuvers in,
89-90, 159-161; Whig prepara-
tions for 47-48; Whig prospects
in, 131. See also Clay, Henry,
political rallies, and Texan
annexation.
Presidential electoral system,
change in advocated, 144;
method of electing explained,
147.
Princeton, accident on, 70.
Prindle, P. B., asks what the "P"
in Mangum's name stands for,
39; letter from, 39.
Printed circular, 352. See also,
Anderson ( S. C), and Green,
Thomas Jefferson.
Project for a Railroad to the
Pacific, mentioned, 474n.
Providence Clay Club, elects
Mangum a member, 65.
Public documents, distribution
of, 333-335. See also under
the names of individuals re-
questing them.
Public Library inaugurated, 246.
Public printing, control of, 290-
293.
Pulaski, mentioned, 172.
Punch and Judy show, men-
tioned, 21.
Putnam, Dr. James R., identified,
247n; invention of, 247, 248,
249; patent rights of, 247-248.
Putnam, Mrs. James R., com-
pensation for recommended,
249; seeks patent rights, 247-
248.
Q
Quincy, Josiah, mentioned, 522.
R
Ragsdale, Thomas L., asks Man-
gum for a loan, 220; destitute
circumstances of, 220-221;
disgruntled over loss of Fed-
eral office, 220; letters from,
220, 279; urges Mangum to
approve Whitney's nomina-
tion, 279.
Railroad iron, tariff rates on, 63.
Raleigh, rally for Clay in, 113,
114; reception of Clay in, 103.
Raleigh and Gaston Railroad,
mentioned, 386n.
Raleigh letter of Clay, back-
ground of, 102-103.
Raleigh Register, mentioned, 169,
374.
Raleigh Star, endorses candi-
dates for Senate, 496; men-
tioned, 497.
Raleigh Whig Central Commit-
tee, asked to subscribe to the
Whig Standard, 163-164.
Raleigh Whigs, distribute Clay's
speech, 151.
Ramsey, Captain, mentioned,
468.
Randall, Dexter, pamphlet of,
409.
Randall, Josiah, expresses fear
Whigs gain reputation of be-
ing unpatriotic, 522-523; fa-
vors McLean for President
456; letters from, 37, 452, 522
mentioned, 25n, 245, 412
plans visit to Raleigh, 37
urges Mangum to attend cel-
ebration, 452-453.
Randolph County, Whig apathy
in, 153.
Ransom, Robert, letters from, 43,
170, 192; reports increase of
Clay's supporters, 193; seeks
West Point appointment for
his son, 43-44;
Ransom, General Robert, abil-
ities of praised, 43; training
of, 129-130; seeks appointment
to West Point, 43-44, 129.
Ransom, W. S., expresses views
on Whig chances, 130; letter
from, 129; seeks appointment
of son to West Point, 129-130.
Index
567
Rantoul, N. Y., mentioned, 19.
Ravisier, F. P., mentioned, 289.
Ray, John, mentioned, 302.
Rayner, Kenneth, mentioned,
118, 303, 316, 460, 497, 526n.
Read, John Meredith, appoint-
ment of endorsed, 260; sketch
of, 260n.
Reed, J. P., replies to Anderson
questions, 144-148.
Reed, W. H., invites Mangum to
speak, 336-337; letter from,
336.
Reed, William B., asks Mangum
to forward letters, 68; letter
from, 68; seeks facts on Gas-
ton's life, 68-69; sketch of
68n.
Reese, Augustus, letter from,
133.
Reese, Captain C. K., mentioned,
360, 361.
Reid, David S., mentioned, 303n.
Reigart, J. Franklin, mentioned,
opposite page 47, 419n.
Renshaw and Samuel Hart,
naval contractors, 6.
Renwick, Edward S., mentioned,
100.
Report on American coal, distri-
bution of, 221-222.
Resolutions of Temperance So-
ciety, 4,
Revolutionary War, land bounty
claims for services in, xv; par-
ticipation in, xi, 172-173. See
also military pensions.
Rexford, Benjamin F., names son
for Mangum, 51.
Reynolds, J. N., mentioned, 90,
91; sketch of, 90n, 200n.
Reynolds, John, identified, 47n.
Rhett, Robert Barnwell, men-
tioned, 143n.
Rhode Island, eighteen forty-
four election returns from,
219; fierce political contest in,
402, 405-406, 409-410, 414-
416.
Rice, tariff on reduced in Ger-
many, 156n.
Richardson, George R., identi-
fied, 26n.
Richardson, W. H., invites Man-
gum to speak, 336-337; letter
from, 336.
Richmond, commission merch-
ants in seek Mangum's busi-
ness, 313; people of concerned
over Texas, 104; people of
help Pleasants' family, 401.
Richmond Central Clay Club,
plan rallies, xi, xii, 136.
Richmond Enquirer, mentioned,
203.
Richmond Times and Compiler,
mentioned, 203.
Ridgway, Joseph, letter from,
72; requests Mangum to de-
liver a book, 72.
Riell, Mr., mentioned, 314.
Riley, Mr., mentioned, 232.
Ritchie, Thomas, mentioned, 121,
329.
Ritchie, Thomas, Jr., kills Pleas-
ants, 400n.
River bars, machinery to re-
move, 247.
Rives, John C, mentioned, 400.
Rives, William C, attacks an-
nexation, 273n; mentioned
80, 409; speech of praised, 273
speech of requested, 138
speech of summarized, 273n.
Robert, M. O., course of criti-
cised, 276.
Roberts, Captain Charles, men-
tioned, 356.
Roberts, Moses, informs Man-
gum of his election to Clay
Club, 158; letter from, 158.
Robinson, Cornelius, seeks fed-
eral appointment, 266.
Robinson, Morris, favors the
Bank, 475; identified, 475n,
Rochester, (N. Y.), founding of,
172n; young men's state con-
vention meets in, 206-207.
Rochester, Henry E., letters
from, 172, 175; reviews elec-
tion returns in 1844, 175-176;
seeks pension for his mother,
172.
Rochester, John, mentioned, 172.
Rochester, Nathaniel, mentioned,
172; military career of review-
ed, 172-173; sketch of, 172n.
Rochester, Mrs. Nathaniel, seeks
military pension, 172.
Rochester, Philis, mentioned,
174.
Rochester, Thomas H., mention-
ed, 174.
Rochester, William B., men-
tioned, 172.
Rotunda, arrangement for paint-
ings in, 375.
Roulhac, John Gray, letter from,
411; sketch of, 41 In; solicits
documents, 411-412.
Round Hill Post Office, restored,
41n.
Rounsaville, Mrs. Benjamin,
mentioned, xv.
568
Index
Rowan, Captain, mentioned, 356.
Royal, H. E., letter from omitted,
xiii.
Royster, Horace T., asks Man-
gum for documents, 45; dis-
cusses Alabama politics, 45-
47; law practice of, 45; letter
from, 45; sketch of, 45n.
Ruffin, Mary, mentioned, 217n.
Ruffin, Thomas, mentioned, 50n,
217, 274n, 296, 379n; letter
from, 274; seeks court pre-
cedent on Bankrupt Law, 274-
275.
Ruffin, William K., discusses
county clerk race, 301-302; let-
ter from, 301.
Rugely, Major, mentioned, 332.
Russ, Charles E., informs Man-
gum of his election to Clay
Club, 158; letter from, 158.
Russell, James S., identified,
440n; letter from, 440; re-
quests documents, 440.
Russell, John W., biography of
praised by Mangum, 471; elec-
tion to legislature assured,
471-472.
Russell, Thomas, letter from
omitted, xvi.
Russwarm, General John S.,
seeks a pension, 29.
Rutherfordton Whig meeting
planned, xii.
Rutherford County Clay Club in-
vites Mangum to rally, xii.
St. Louis Republic, mentioned,
512.
St. Marks, Florida, appointment
of custom's collector for, 346;
collectorship sought, 239.
St. Omer's College, mentioned,
55.
Saligny, Count de, feels Texas
not to be annexed, 107.
Salisbury, indifference to Whig
cause in, 151.
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopezde,
mentioned, 323, 333.
Sante Fe Expedition, mentioned,
360; prisoners from, 361.
Santmyer, Joseph P., letter from
omitted, xvi.
Saratoga Springs, life at, 481.
Sargent, Nathan, asks Mangum's
support for raising Whig
funds, 179; letters from, 179,
290, 498; mentioned, 86; re-
joices over the Whig victory
in 1846, 498-499; reviews
Whig chances in 1844, 179-
180.
Saunders, Romulus M., cam-
paigns for Democrats, 151,
153; considered for Polk's
Cabinet, 269, 272; mentioned,
xii, 28, 256; quotes Mangum,
156.
Scales, James P., informs Man-
gum of his election to literary
society, 324-325; letter from,
324; sketch of, 324n.
Schenck, Ferdinand S., men-
tioned, 66, 202.
Schmidt, Mr. Von, new steam-
boat of displayed, xiv.
School, establishment of con-
sidered, 308-309; Mangum
supports, 404-405.
Schoolcraft, Henry R., men-
tioned, 100.
Scott's (boarding house in Wash-
ington), mentioned, 45, 165.
Scott, General Winfield, appoint-
ment of delayed, 51 9n; char-
acteristics of, 393-394; con-
sidered as Whig candidate for
President, 282, 393, 500n; ex-
plains role of Cherokees in ar-
resting criminals, 458; letters
from, 458, 519; mentioned,
261, 287, 446, 457, 479, 528;
opposed for a Whig candidate,
393-394, 408, 419, 438, 469;
pleased at Polk's treatment,
519.
Scott and Company, accused of
defeating Clay, 469.
Seaton, Colonel W. W., desires
to publish Fremont's Journal,
292.
Seaton, Mrs. W. W., mentioned,
34.
Seawell, Henry, mentioned, 30.
Secretary of Navy, letter to, 444.
Seed, Mangum's interest in
planting improved, 253.
Selden, Dudley, discusses tariff
of 1846, 454-455; letter from,
454.
Sellers, Thomas, mentioned, xiv.
Senate, opposes warlike move
on Oregon, 407n; policy in
confirmation of appointments,
242.
Senate Chamber, engraving of
seat arrangements, opposite
page 47.
Senate chaplain, tardiness of, 53.
Senate Committee on Naval Af-
fairs, publishes report on coal
deposits, 22 In.
Index
569
Senate documents, publication
of discussed, 290, 291-292.
Senate officers, change of, 314-
315; party maneuvers over the
election of, 314-315.
Senate Secretary, contest over
election of, 333. See also Sen-
ate officers.
Senatorial race in North Caro-
lina, 476-479.
Senatus Academicus, mentioned,
298.
Sergeant, John, considered for
Vice President, 14, 81; invites
Mangum to state Whig con-
vention, 197; letter from, 197;
mentioned, 66, 69.
Settle, Judge Thomas, men-
tioned, 197.
Seventh Ward Democratic Clay
Club, invites Mangum to
speak, 107-108.
Sevier, Ambrose H., sketch of,
60n; quoted, 499.
Seward, William H., mentioned,
100, 106n, 524.
Sheets, William, identified, 529n.
Shelby County (Ky.), election
results in, 471-472.
Shepard, Captain J. L., mention-
ed, 356.
Shepard, James Biddle, nomi-
nated for governor, 350n;
mentioned, 477.
Sheppard, John M., letter from,
313; solicits Mangum's busi-
ness, 313.
Shepperd, A. H., criticises Gra-
ham's tariff views, 429; ex-
presses his preference for can-
didates in 1848, 438; letters
from, 428, 438; mentioned,
262; requests documents on
pension laws, 428; thanks
Mangum for documents, 438;
views on tariff, 439.
Sherman, General Sidney, unfair
treatment of, 352.
Shields, B. G., mentioned, 234.
Shunk, Thomas R., mentioned,
215; wins governor's race,
180.
Silk culture, establishment in
North Carolina advocated,
461-464.
Silliman, Benjamin, mentioned,
100.
Silsbee, Nathaniel, mentioned,
82, 84.
Simmons, James F., accused of
disloyalty to Whigs, 405-407,
415-416; accused of neglecting
his duty, 414-416; considered
for Vice President, 65; criti-
cised for his Rhode Island pol-
icies, 414-416; mentioned, 96;
speech of requested, 126;
standing with Whig Senators
questioned, 402, 405-407; vote
on Allen's resolution, 402, 406;
Whig campaign for, 409-410.
Skinner, John Stuart, expresses
dislike for federal appoint-
ment, 318; introduced to Gra-
ham, 378; letters from, 317,
373; plans trip South, 373; rec-
ommends Mower for Senate
office, 317-318; sketch of,
317n.
Slamm, Levi D., mentioned,
165n.
Slaveholding states, opposed for
vice presidential candidates,
79, 81.
Slavery, opposition to, 77; en-
dangered in Texas, 77.
Slaves, hiring of, 7, 17; lack of
discipline of, 17; medical treat-
ment of, 330; sale of, 228, 517-
518, 520.
Slidell, John, failure of mission
of, 371n; mentioned, 379; mis-
sion of, 365.
Small pox epidemic in Hillsboro,
432-433.
Smith, A. Thomas, letter to omit-
ted, XV.
Smith, Erastus, mentioned, 322.
Smith, James S., mentioned, 232.
Smith, Jesse P., invites Mangum
to deliver commencement ad-
dress, 175; letter from, 175; let-
ter from omitted, xiv; sketch
of, 175n.
Smith, Samuel, letters from
omitted, xiv, xv.
Smith, Sidney, Democratic can-
didate for legislature, 433, 444.
Smith, T. L., letter to omitted,
XV.
Smith, William F., letter from
omitted, xi.
Smithsonian Institute, mention-
ed, xvi.
Sneed, Albert, health of, 207,
208.
Sneed, Mrs. William M., death
of, 207.
Sneether, Worthington G., party
maneuvers of, 18.
Somervell, A., conduct in Laredo
controversy, 359.
''Soundings," letter from, 20.
South, defended from charge of
hostility to labor, 505; im-
provements of considered, 311;
570
Index
military defense of, 311; re-
action to Clay's Texan views,
201n.
Southard, Samuel, mentioned,
242.
South Carolina, abolition of of-
fice of adjutant-general in
advocated, 144, 147; constitu-
tional changes in advocated,
144; efforts to limit terms of
judges in, 144; presidential
campaign in 1844, 143-148; re-
action to public meetings on
Texas, 143-144; secession talk
in, 143n, 146.
South Carolina legislative candi-
dates favor annexation, 145;
oppose Polk, 145.
South Carolina Ordinary, juris-
diction of, 147.
South Carolina superintendent
of public works, abolition of
advocated, 144, 147.
South Carolina Whig candidates,
express views on national is-
sues, 144-148.
Southern agriculture, study of,
373.
Southern Convention, calling of
considered, 143n.
Southern crops, value of, 461-
462.
Southern position on annexa-
tion, 92-93.
Southern right of self govern-
ment defended, 508.
Southern States, response for
Whig funds, 179.
Southern Whigs, asked to write
for American Whig Review,
294; oppose Webster, 82; sup-
port tariff, 383n.
South Hill, Virginia, general
mass meeting planned in, xii.
Specie clause of Independent
Treasury bill, explained, 43 In;
opposed, 530n.
Specie supply, too plentiful in
Alabama, 46-47.
Speed, W. G., replies to Ander-
son questions, 144-148.
Speight, Jesse, mentioned, 420,
443; supports Brown's nomi-
nation, 265.
Spencer, John C, ability to ana-
lyze the problems, 41; appoint-
ment of opposed, 13, 41; con-
firmation of discussed, 31-32;
confirmation supported, 11,
480; effects of nomination on
New York politics, 11; favors
McLean for President, 480;
friendly to Mangum, 480; in-
fluence of family of, 12; men-
tioned, 43; nomination of de-
feated, lln; party maneuvers
of, 31; sketch of, lln; Whig
loyalty of reviewed, 480.
Spencer, Joshua A., letter from
omitted, xiv; mentioned, 213.
Spies, John J., mentioned, 25n.
Spies, Mary, marries Gales, 25n.
Spruill, George E., recommended
for elector, 130.
Stafford, John, seeks information
about patent, 278.
Stanly, Edward, accident of, 179;
asks Mangum to have Moore's
accounts settled, 373-374;
campaigns for Whigs, 151; let-
ters from, 224, 229, 261, 264,
373; mentioned, 264, 316; op-
poses annexation, 261; op-
poses Brown for collector, 225;
photograph of, opposite page
373; praises Benton, 229-230;
recommends Guion for ap-
pointment, 261; seeks settle-
ment of naval pursar's ac-
counts, 373-374; unable to
collect Whig funds, 179; urges
Mangum to vote against the
confirmation of Brown, 265.
Stanly, Mrs. Edward, mentioned,
230.
Stanly, Fabius, letter from, 437;
seeks military appointment,
437.
Stanly, James G., letter from
omitted, xiii.
Stansberry, Arthur J., recom-
mended for Senate clerkship,
87.
Stanton, F. P., sponsors naval
yard at Memphis, 108n.
Star Route Fraud, mentioned,
472n.
Starkweather, S., campaigns for
Clay, 154, 171; chides Man-
gum for size of North Carolina
Whig vote, 171; discouraged
by Clay's public letter, 201;
gives optimistic report for
New York, 209-210; letters
from, 154, 171, 201, 209; pre-
dicts Whig victory in New
York, 171.
Statesville Whig rally planned,
xii.
Steam boats, dangers of snags
and shoals to, 248.
Steam power, inventions for,
168.
Stevens, William, asks the Sen-
ate to investigate legality of
Texan independence, 135-136;
Index
571
considers annexation illegal,
135-136; letter from, 135.
Stevenson, Jonathan D., men-
tioned, 18.
Stevenson, Martin, letter from
omitted, xvi.
Stewart, R. H., mentioned, 45.
Stilwell, Silas M., mentioned, 23.
Stockton, Captain R. F., mention-
ed, 70n, 205.
Stone, Mrs. David W., men-
tioned, 326.
Straw cutter, patent for, 464-
465.
Strong, George D., accused of
corruption and dishonesty, 18,
35; favored by administration,
20; land speculation of, 22;
mentioned, 21, 22, 23, 35.
Strudwick, Dr. Edward, men-
tioned, 289.
Strudwick, Samuel, mentioned,
289.
Stuart, H., mentioned, 355.
Subterranean, see New York
Subterranean.
Sub Treasury Bill, delay re-
quested, 431; mentioned, 112;
political consequences of the
passage of, 431; Marcy's part
in, 521-522.
Sugar, purchase of machinery
for delayed, 455.
Sugar lands in Texas, described,
331-332.
Sugar rates, concern over, 454,
455.
Sugg, John, mentioned, 110.
Summer, Charles, favors Mc-
Lean, 501.
Supreme Court, appointment of
justice to, 11, 13-14.
Swain, David L., article by
sought, 294; letters from, 24,
177, 178, 227, 229; letters to,
28, 240; mentioned, 241; rec-
ommends nephew for West
Point appointment, 177; re-
ports on University affairs,
23-24; sends information on
treasury note, 228; seeks pay-
ment of treasury note, 23-24.
Swan Dining Room, mentioned,
400.
Swift, Major Joseph G., men-
tioned, 18.
Swift, Jonathan, quoted, 80.
Swiss corps, mentioned, 31.
Symbols used to designate the
depositories of Mangum Pa-
pers, xxviii.
Syracuse Whig Convention, ap-
proves the resignation of Ty-
ler's Cabinet, lln; mentioned,
11.
Tale of Tub, quoted, 80.
Tallmadge, L. B., favors Tyler,
210.
Tallmadge, N. P., considered for
Vice President, 66, 81; course
of opposed, 66; criticised, 13;
criticises Marcy, 521-522; let-
ter from, 520; mentioned, 23,
475, 497; opposed for Vice
President, 105; opposes Sub
Treasury, 521; supports Tyler,
210.
Tallmadge-Marcy conflict, 521-
522.
Tamaulipas, Department of, 371.
Tammany Hall, control of cus-
tom house by feared, 258;
mentioned, 182.
Taney, Roger P., mentioned, 11;
opinion of sought, 275.
Tappan, Benjamin, views on
Texas, 271.
Tariff, as a campaign issue, 112;
as issue in Pennsylvania, 161,
206; Clay's views on, 180;
danger of changes in, 459;
McDuffie's views on, 144; men-
tioned, 14, 115, 411; nullifica-
tion of opposed, 148; Polk's
views on, 180; reduction of
recommended, 61; responsi-
bility of sections on, 504; re-
visions of considered, 454-455
speeches on sought, 60, 126
treaty with Germany on, 156n
views of Graham on, 429, 439.
Tariff of 1842, changes in op-
posed, 64; praised, 382; un-
popularity of, 63; revision of
considered, 291.
Tariff of 1846, mentioned, 513;
vote on analyzed, 509.
Tayloe, D. T., asks Mangum's
aid for University repairs,
307; letter from, 307.
Tayloe, Colonel Joshua, dis-
missed by Jackson, 265.
Taylor, John, advised to retain
clerkship, 304; candidate for
reelection, 299-300, 301; ma-
neuvers of, 300.
Taylor, John C, letter from
omitted, xii.
Taylor, Zachary, activities of
army of, 370-371; fired upon,
446n; inactivities of army of,
369-370; mentioned, 446, 479,
512n.
572
Index
Tea and coffee tax, opposed by
Whigs, 530n.
Telegraph, Mangum's reaction
to, 127; popular interest in,
128; reports the proceedings
of party conventions, 127,
128.
Temperance movement, as a fac-
tor in the election, 215; his-
tory of, 3n; resolutions of, 4,
40.
Temperance Society, formed, 3n;
resolutions for abolishing alco-
hol for sailors, 4.
Tennessee, claimed by Clay, 29;
migration to, 139; Whigs
strength in, 139.
Tennessee Democrats, favor
Cass, 29.
Texan annexation, arguments
against, 135-136; as a cam-
paign issue in North Carolina
in 1844, 112; Benton's course
on, 229-230; chief issue in
1844, 143-148; Clay's opposi-
tion to attacked, 77; concern
in Richmond over, 104; con-
gressional maneuvers on, 267-
269, 271-272; consequences of,
285; considered unconstitu-
tional, 271; effect in South
Carolina of defeat, 143-148;
England's opposition to, 106;
indifference of South towards,
102-103; influence of Polk on,
268, 271; joint resolution be-
fore Senate, 267, 271; opposi-
tion to, 76n, 261, 267, 269, 271;
reaction to, 271; reasons as-
signed for Clay's opposition
to, 20 In; sources of Senatorial
support for, 76; Southern po-
sition on, 76, 93; speeches on
praised, 273; steps leading to,
268n; supported in South Car-
olina, 145; views of Anderson
meeting on, 143-148.
Texan commissioners to Mexico,
mentioned, 78.
Texan conduct in Mexico, 358-
361.
Texan Western District, circular
letter to, 319.
Texas, basis of boundary claims
of, 322-323; distribution of
public lands of, 321; Green's
political campaign literature
in, 352-362; history of inde-
pendence movement reviewed,
135-136; House of Representa-
tives in rebukes Houston, 360;
Mangum urged to purchase
land in, 331-332; map of
sought, xiv; Moore's handling
of navy of, 323n; price of
sugar lands in, 332; promotion
of naval officers of opposed,
388-389; revolution of defend-
ed, 507-508; western boundary
controversy of discussed, 322-
323.
Texas and Oregon Association,
plans a ball, 339.
Texas Question, effects in cam-
paign of 1844, 128, 140, 142,
163; hurts Whigs in Virginia,
122; mentioned, 320, 321, 329;
speculations profit from, 229n.
Texas Treaty, defeated, 128n;
speeches on requested, 138.
Thackston, Colonel, mentioned,
173.
Thayer, James S., asks Man-
gum's opinion on the Mexican
War, 440-442; letter from, 440.
Thomas, Abishai, mentioned, 173.
Thomas, John E., mentioned, 167.
Thomas, Thomas K., invites
Mangum to speak at Clay
Club, 166; letter from, 166;
sketch of, 166n; thanks Man-
gum for bee hive cuts, 167.
Thomas, William H., aids army,
458; asks for claim papers,
421; asks Mangum to call up
resolutions on his claims, 457;
asks Mangum to introduce his
resolution, 527; claims before
Congress, 457-458; claims of
rejected, 421; letters from
421, 457, 527; letter to, 458
serves as guide to Scott, 458
sketch of, 421n; tries to ob-
tain payment of claims, 527.
Thomas Kirkpatrick and Com-
pany, mentioned, 18n.
Thompson, Captain J. W. N.,
mentioned, 356.
Thompson, Mrs. Walter A., men-
tioned, 24.
Thompson, Mrs. Elijah J., men-
tioned, 228.
Thompson, Eliza J., mentioned,
52.
Thompson, George W., mention-
ed, 152.
Thompson, James, 96.
Thompson, John B., asks Man-
gum's aid to keep post office,
97; letter from, 96; requests
public documents, 97; sketch
of, 96n.
Index
573
Thompson, Louis, asks Mangum
to forward his mother's letter,
424; expresses affection for
Mangum, 423; letters from,
37, 423; voyages of, 37.
Thompson, R. W., letter from
omitted, xi.
Thompson, Waddy, letter of ref-
erred to, 354; mentioned, 477.
Thompson, William, mentioned,
45.
Threshing machine, patent for
sought, 278.
Tiffany, O. H., informs Mangum
of his election to literary so-
ciety, 59; letter from, 59.
Tilden, Daniel R., sketch of, 72n.
Tillinghast, Joseph L., informs
Mangum of election to Clay
Club, 65; letter from, 65.
Tilly, John, mentioned, 376.
Tobacco, tariff on reduced in
Germany, 156n.
Tod, Edward S., favors building
navy yard at Memphis, 108-
110; letter from, 108.
Tolson's Mess, members of, 262.
Tomlinson, Theodore E., intro-
duced to Mangum, 237.
Torry, Captain James N., men-
tioned, 356.
Towers, John T., asks Mangum's
assistance to publish Fre-
mont's Journal, 292-293; con-
sidered for publishing Fre-
mont's Journal, 290, 291; debts
of, 290, 291; desires to estab-
lish Whig paper, 292-293; let-
ters from, 98, 291; mentioned,
164, 165; solicits Mangum's
assistance in establishing a
newspaper, 98-99; wishes to
publish Senate documents, 291.
Towle, Jeremiah, accused of cor-
ruption, 20, 35; appointment of
opposed, 91; mentioned, 18,
21; party maneuvers of, 18-19,
20, 23.
Towle, McKibbin and Company,
mentioned, 22.
Towles, D. T., informs Mangum
of his election to literary so-
ciety, 324; letter from, 324.
Treasury note, multilation of,
227-228; redemption of sought,
23-24, 52-53.
Trezevant, J. P., invites Mangum
to Memphis convention, 311;
letter from, 310.
True, Lambert, identified, 47.
*'True American," letter from,
342; reviews dangers of Ore-
gon question, 342-343.
"True Whig," discusses Rhode
Island controversy, 414-416;
letter from, 414.
Trumbull, Captain, mentioned,
356.
Trumbull, John, mentioned, 357n.
Tucker, Professor, article by
sought, 294.
Turner, Benaiah, seeks pension,
xiv.
Turner, Thomas, letter from
omitted, xiv.
Turrentine, James C, candidate
for sheriff, 433n.
Tuston, Septimus, explains his
absence, 53; letter from, 53;
mentioned, 186.
Tyler, John, accused of precipi-
tate action over Texas, 93; ap-
pointments of disgruntled, 95;
appointments of opposed, 10;
appointments of praised, 260,
270; calls extra session of Con-
gress, 128; changed by ambi-
tion, 79; character of New
York support of, 20-23; con-
sidered influential under Polk,
238; depressed, 128; men-
tioned, 18, 20, 66, 75, 113, 145,
156n, 187, 200, 212, 225, 230,
242, 256, 261, 262, 276, 316,
372n, 405, 429, 439, 474; mis-
take in selection of, 79-80;
party maneuvers of, 19, 34n;
plans to remove Curtis, 95;
politics in administration of,
20-23; postmaster general of
criticised, 41; rejection of ap-
pointments advocated, 35; re-
vision of Cabinet of, 28; strate-
gy of, 56; support for, 210;
unpopularity of, 64; views on
Texas question, 136.
Tyler, Robert, mentioned, 95.
Tyler Convention, mentioned,
56, 127.
Typhoid fever, attacks of, 330.
U
Union College, mentioned, 435.
Union Hotel, in Hillsboro,
changes managers, 443-444.
''Union of the States," author of
an editorial, 507; mentioned,
502.
Union Philosophical Society, of
Dickinson College, elects Man-
gum a member, 59.
574
Index
United States, prosperity of, 382.
United States Album, mentioned,
419.
United States Bank, efforts to
revive, 474. See also Bank of
United States.
United States Gazette, mention-
ed, 180.
United States Senate, rejects
Tyler's appointments, 28.
United States Supreme Court,
decision on bankrupt law
sought, 275.
University of North Carolina,
Alumni Association of asks
Mangum to deliver commence-
ment address, 254-255; com-
mencement speaker for sought,
xiv, 175, 255; confers hon-
orary degrees on Mangum, Ma-
son, and Polk, 255n; enroll-
ment in, 24; expenses of, 241;
offers honorary degree to Man-
gum, 298-299; recommended
by Mangum, 240; repairs in
planned, 306.
University of Virginia, men-
tioned, 319n.
University society halls, repair
of, 306n, 307.
Utley, Grey, accused of infring-
ing on Gaylord's patent, 465-
466; asks Mangum to check
his patent rights, 463-464; let-
ter from, 465; patents straw
cutter, 464, 465-466.
V
Vache, Alexander F., copy of let-
ter from omitted, xv; invites
Mangum and his wife to ball,
339; letter from, 339; sketch of,
339n.
Vandalia, Illinois, Whig Commit-
tee in invites Mangum to rally,
134-135.
Van Buren, Martin, considered
poor candidate, 29; defends an-
nexation, 77-78; effects of re-
jection, 12; leads Barnburners,
495n; mentioned, 6, 14, 19, 33,
49, 56, 63, 64, 91, 112, 127, 128,
134, 141, 143, 201, 207, 211,
219, 270, 341, 504, 521; oppo-
ses Tyler's appointments, 33n.
Vanderlyn, John, commissioned
to paint Rotunda picture, 375;
mentioned, 376.
Van Ness, Cornelus Peter, men-
tioned, 200; sketch of, 199n.
Van Renssalaer, Solomon, men-
tioned, 19.
Van Voris, Mr., to be acquitted
of crime, 6.
Venable, Abraham W., letter
from 372; mentioned, 150,
166n; requests documents, 372.
Venable, F. W., letter from omit-
ted, xii.
Venable, S. L., letter from omit-
ted, xii.
Vermont, Whig strength in, 183.
Vice presidential candidates in
1844, discussed, 14, 79-83. See
also the different candidates.
Virginia, election results in 1844,
121-122, 219; loss to Whigs
predicted, 154; migration from,
120; mineral springs in visited,
459.
Virginia Central State Whig
Committee, invites Mangum to
rally, 15, 201-202; list of mem-
bers of, 202.
Virginia Democrats, patronage
policies of, 327-329.
Virginia Whig Convention of
1844, program of, 15.
Virginia Whigs, efforts to carry
the state, 202; hurt by Texas
question, 122; oppose Webster,
81-82; successes of, 168.
Vivian, James T., land claims of,
234; mentioned, xiv.
W
Waddell, Hugh, introduces friend
to Mangum, 16; letter from,
16; letter from omitted, xv;
mentioned, 184, 428, 433;
praised as candidate for legis-
lature, 433; student record of,
185.
Wadesboro North Carolina Ar-
gus, mentioned, 302n.
Wadesboro Whig rally planned,
150-151, 155.
Wake Clay Club, elects Mangum
a member, 50; invites Mangum
to meeting, xi, 58.
Wake County, candidates for
legislature in, 151-152.
Wales, Samuel A., letter from,
140; sketch of, 140n; writes
about Whig chances in Geor-
gia, 140.
Walker, George K., mentioned,
347.
Walker, John, letter from, 119;
seeks documents, 119.
Walker, Nathaniel W., declared
unfit for office, 346; sketch of,
346n.
Walker, Robert J., compromises
Texan controversy, 268n; con-
Index
575
sidered for Polk's Cabinet,
269, 272; mentioned, 319n; re-
port of requested, 410.
Walker, S. H., mentioned, 354.
Walker, S. P., letter from, 122.
Walker, Sally, statement of omit-
ted, xiv.
Walker, William, mentioned,
294n.
Walker Tariff, provisions of,
454n.
Wall, General George, men-
tioned, 56.
Waller, Carter, informs Mangum
of his election to Clay Club,
158; letter from, 158.
Walnut Hall, completion of, 233.
Walsh, Mike, mentioned, 20n.
War of 1812, pension for service
in, 118.
Ward, Colonel Edward, seeks ap-
pointment from Polk, 344.
Ward, Joseph D., mentioned, 97.
Ward, Thomas William, men-
tioned, xiv.
Warner, Edward, recommended
for Senate office, 326; seeks
office of doorkeeper, 326.
Warren County, election results
in, 170; strength for Clay in
increases, 193; watering places
in, 193.
Washington, excitement over
Polk's nomination, 128.
Washington, John, mentioned,
278n.
Washington, Mary, wedding of,
278.
Washington, Richard C, men-
tioned, 45.
Washington and Lee University,
mentioned, 58n. See also
Washington College.
Washington Clay Club, invites
Mangum to a rally, 44-45;
members of Executive Com-
mittee of, 45; obtain quarters,
44-45.
Washington College, 58. See also
Washington and Lee Uni-
versity.
Washington Globe, completes
House printing, 293; mention-
ed, 73, 98, 164.
Washington Independent, men-
tioned, 98.
Washington (Whig) Standard,
discontinuance of, 296n; fi-
nancial difficulties of, 98; lo-
cation of office of, 227; men-
tioned, 203, 226, 290; price of,
164; subscription to sought,
163-164.
Washington Literary Society,
elects Mangum a member, 58.
Washington Union, letter to edi-
tor of, 527; reports incorrect-
ly Mangum's speech, 447; sub-
scription for sought, 443-444,
527.
Washington Weekly Union, men-
tioned, XV.
Washington Whigs, plan a rally,
44-45.
Watson, James D., character of,
19; suggested for New York
postmaster, 19.
Watson, Jones, mentioned, 465.
Watterston, George, mentioned,
45.
Wayne, James M., sketch of,
256n.
Weatherspoon, Henry, mention-
ed, xiv.
Weaver, P., mentioned, 332.
Webb, Frances Helen, men-
tioned, 443n.
Webb, James, letters from, 101,
296; mentioned, 42, 443n; op-
poses division of Orange Coun-
ty, 102; receives corn from
Mangum, 296.
Webb, James Watson, accuses
Buchanan of lying, 390; ad-
vises against confirmation of
justice, 13-14; advises against
raising the tariff, 63; advises
against slavery agitation, 13;
advises Mangum to defeat
Curtis's successor, 95; advises
Mangum to support nomina-
tion, 61; advises Mangum to
win Webster's support, 61; ad-
vises the rejection of Atwood,
237; asks about correspond-
ence, 14; called a protege of
Mangum, 106; courts Web-
ster's favor, 61; criticises Tall-
madge, 13; discusses proper
course on Tyler's appoint-
ments, 13; endorses Clayton
for Vice President, 100; fav-
vors a lower tariff, 61; favors
Tyler's appointments, 270;
follows unpopular course in
New York, 106; introduces
Tomlinson, 237; letters from,
1, 13, 61, 62, 95, 99, 216, 237,
245, 270, 390, 399; letters to,
64, 449; letters to mentioned,
vii, 99n; mentioned, 479; op-
poses a change in the tariff,
63, 100-101; opposes seating
Niles, 96; opposes Spencer's
nomination, 13; plans trip to
Europe, 99-100; portrait of,
576
Index
opposite page 216; predicts
Clay's victory in New York,
216-217; pushes candidacy of
Webster, 61; rejoices in Web-
ster's support, 63; rejoices
over reception of article by,
13; seeks financial aid for
mining, 100; seeks informa-
tion from Mangum, 216; seeks
no office, 14; sends copies of
editorial on abolitionists, 13;
suit for libel against, 216; sup-
ports Clayton for Vice Presi-
dent, 68; supports Webster for
Vice President, 14, 61n, 106n;
suggests Clayton for Vice
President in 1844, 14; tries to
destroy influence of the "Boys,"
106; urges Mangum to approve
the appointment of J., 245;
urges Mangum to pass the
yacht bill, 399; views on aboli-
tion petitions, 13; views on
Pennsylvania repudiation, 14;
views on Whig candidates in
1844, 14.
Webber, Charles W., accused of
drinking to excess, 304; ac-
cuses Colton of falsehood,
294n; sketch of, 294n.
Webster, Daniel, accepts Man-
gum's dinner invitation, 9;
charges fraud in 1844 election,
244n; conduct after disrup-
tion of Tyler's Cabinet, 82n;
Faneuil Hall speech of disap-
proved, 82; favors of courted,
63; friendly to Clayton, 67;
lacks support in Massachusetts,
493; letters from, 9, 36, 37; let-
ter to, 9; loss of prestige of,
82n; mentioned, 66, 82, 100,
293n, 338n, 372n; plans to ad-
dress Syracuse Whigs, 199-200;
political maneuvers of, 66-67;
seeks presidential nomination,
287; sends law books to Man-
gum, 36; supported for Vice
President, 14; supports Clay in
1844, 63; unpopularity with
Whigs, 9n.
Webster, William G., letter from,
419.
Webster Clique, not supported
by masses, 105-106.
Weed, Thurlow, advises Man-
gum on Oregon, 338, 369; ad-
vises Mangum on the tariff,
338; advises Whigs against
peace move, 368-369; dis-
agrees with Webb, 106n; let-
ters from, 48, 337, 368; men-
tioned, 279; praises Mangum's
course on Cass resolution, 337-
338; praises Mangum for de-
feating Spencer's confirma-
tion, 48; requests the publica-
tion of the New York letter of
Spencer, 48; views on Oregon,
368n.
Weed, Mrs. Thurlow, urges con-
firmation of her father, 279.
Weeks, Stephen B., mentioned,
99n.
Weir, Robert, commissioned to
paint a picture of Rotunda,
375; mentioned, 375.
Welles, C. F., Jr., concerned
over tariff, Sub Treasury, and
Oregon, 116; letter from, 115;
seeks Mangum's advice on na-
tional issues, 115-116.
Welsh festival of St. David, plan-
ned, 399-400.
Wentworth, John, mentioned,
334.
West, economic improvements
of considered, 311; military
defense of, 311.
Western Democrats, accused
of favoring war, 269.
Western North Carolina, sec-
tional feeling in, 204; Whig
rally in planned, 178.
Western North Carolina Whigs,
conscious of sectionalism, 204;
division among, 315-316; op-
pose Texan annexation, 267;
reaction to the defeat of Clay,
267.
"Western Reserve," mentioned,
178, 203.
Western Texas congressional con-
test, campaign of Green in,
352-362.
Western Whigs, oppose Mexican
War, 448.
West Point, appointments to
sought, XV, xvi, 43-44, 129.
See also Military Academy.
Wetherill, John P., campaigns
for Whigs, 291; letter from
omitted, xi.
Wetmore, Prosper M., appointed
by Polk, 276n; seeks appoint-
ment, 276.
Wetmore, R. C, course of criti-
cised, 276; pays newspaper
for Tyler, 276.
Whaling, Captain Henry, men-
tioned, 356.
Wharton, W. H., mentioned, 331;
treated unfairly by Houston,
352.
Wharton, Mrs. W. H., mentioned,
332.
Index
577
Wheaton, Henry, makes treaty,
156n.
Wheaton Treaty with Germany,
156n; mentioned, 156.
Wheeler, John H., seeks nomi-
nation for governor, 397.
Whelpley, James D., men-
tioned, 294n.
Whig campaign books, 25, 26.
Whig campaign fund, disposi-
tion of, 56.
Whig candidates for 1848, at
work, 287; change in senti-
ment on, 500n; prospects of
several reviewed, 469.
Whig capitalists, aid from sought,
476.
Whig circular letter, proposed,
476.
Whig city leaders, accused of
supporting only the winners,
479-480.
Whig Congressional Committee,
sends out material, 159.
Whig editors, views of, 10.
Whig electors in, 1844, selection
of, 130.
Whig Finance Committee, men-
tioned, 47.
Whig Granville rally, planned,
148-149.
Whig newspaper, establishment
of planned, 434.
Whig pamphlets for 1844, publi-
cation of, 47-48; used in cam-
paign, 89-90.
Whig Party, plans for strength-
ening reviewed, 482-491.
Whig policy, on Porter's confir-
mation discussed, 32-33; on
Van Buren, 56.
Whig political rallies in 1844,
xi, xii, xiii, 132, 133. See also,
Clay Clubs, and political ral-
lies.
Whig presidential candidates for
1848, discussed, 407-408, 438,
479-481, 500-502. See also Mc-
Lean, John, and Scott, Win-
field.
Whig Republican Association of
1845, report of, 335-336.
Whig Senate Campaign Commit-
tee, activities of, 47.
Whig Senators, advised to ap-
prove Read, 260; list of sup-
porting Stansberry for clerk,
87.
Whig Standard, mentioned, 84n.
See also Washington (Whig)
Standard.
Whig vice presidential candi-
dates in 1844, discussed, 65-67,
79-83, 85-86.
Whigs, accused of being unpa-
triotic, 522-523; accused of
making overtures to Tyler,
10; accused of timidity, 363;
advised against rejecting
Spencer, 11; advised not to
oppose war, 529; advised to
play up their loyalty to coun-
try, 395; advised to select a
Democrat for candidate in
1848, 438; advised to select
popular leader, 431; advised
to support war appropriations,
522-523; advised to win mi-
norities, 490; blamed for lack
of organization, 485-486; call-
ed "British Whigs," 363;
campaign literature of, 25;
chances against Van Buren
analyzed, 25, 42; concerned
over governor's race, 153;
confidence in election results,
175-176; criticised for peace
policies, 368; criticised for
leadership, 431; depressed
over election results, 224-225;
dilemma over war, 522n; di-
vided in Rhode Island, 415-
416; divided over presidential
candidates, 524; eighteen for-
ty-six election returns show
gain for, 498-499; election re-
turns in New York and New
Jersey show gains, 513; en-
thusiasm of, 160; express con-
fidence of victory in 1844,
209-210; fail to support news-
paper of party, 98-99; favor
negotiation over Oregon, 369n;
funds raised for, 291; gain in
Baltimore, 25; gain in Indi-
ana, 176; gain in Missouri,
512-513; gain in North Caro-
lina, 477; gain in Pennsyl-
vania, 498n; gain in Virginia
legislature, 121-124; gain in
Warren County, 170; gain in
West, 512-513; look for candi-
date, 74; maneuvers to defeat
Van Buren, 42; maneuvers to
defeat Tyler's nominations,
95-96; make strong campaign
in Lenoir County, 466-467;
oppose Tyler's appointments,
41-42; opposition in Texas,
269; party maneuvers of, 32;
peace tendencies of opposed,
395; policy advocated for, 32;
578
Index
policy toward Oregon, 368-
369; praised for giving full
support to war efforts, 525;
prospects in 1844 reviewed,
183-184; reaction to Polk's
nomination, 141; spirit after
defeat of 1844, 225; strength
in eastern states in 1844, 182-
183; strength in 1844 pre-
dicted, 214-215; strength in
Pennsylvania 89; urged to drop
Clay, 523-525; uncertain war
policy of, 522n; views on
causes of Mexican War, 441n;
views on tariff revision, 470-
471; weak in Arkansas, 60;
weakened in North Carolina,
460; wish Van Buren to be
Clay's opponent, 42.
Whigs and Nativists, consider
union, 181-182.
White, Albert S., sketch of, 31n.
White, B. L., letter from, 118;
requests documents, 118; seeks
father's pension, 118.
White, Willie N., mentioned, 118.
Whitehorne, James, asks Man-
gum for sitting for portrait,
277; identified, 277n; letters
from, 277, 392; offers to paint
Mangum, 393; seeks appoint-
ment to paint picture of Ro-
tunda, 392.
Whiting, Charles, invites Man-
gum to rally, 133; letter from,
133.
Whiting, Francis B., discusses
Walker's unfitness for ofliice,
346-347; letter from, 346.
Whitney, Asa, asks for introduc-
tion to Packenham, 474; con-
gressional reaction of Pacific
railroad proposal of, 474n; let-
ter from, 474; sketch of, 474n;
seeks English aid to build rail-
road, 474.
Whitney, R. M., appointment of,
279.
Wilkins, William, mentioned,
100.
Wickliffe, Charles A., mentioned,
41; sketch of, 41n.
Wilder, Gaston H., mentioned,
152.
Wiley, Calvin H., discouraged at
plight of state, 1-3; desires to
leave native state, 1; desires
to settle in city, 2; letter from,
1; letters from omitted, xii;
literary and economic ambi-
tions of, 1-3; mentioned, 198n;
seeks newspaper position, 3;
seeks office with older lawyer,
3; writing experience of, 3.
Wilkins, William, mentioned, 7,
62, 100.
Willcox, Major A., concerned
over "Corrupt Bargain" issue,
192; identified, 192n; letter
from, 192; urges Clay to pub-
lish Blair correspondence, 192.
Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Christo-
pher Harris, mentioned, 262.
Williams, James Cass, letter
from, 276; urges the defeat of
Wetmore, 276.
Williams, M. A., letter from
omitted, xii.
Williams, Quinby, informs Man-
gum of election to Ogden In-
stitute, 266; letter from, 266.
Williams, Samuel B., advocates
reduction of postage, 259; ad-
vocates tariff, 259; concerned
over uneducated classes con-
trol, 259; favors Federal sub-
sidy for mails, 259; letter
from, 259.
Williams, Thomas, Jr., invites
Mangum to State Convention,
189-190; letter from, 189.
Williamsboro, political rally in,
xiii, 156.
Williamsburg Whig Committee,
plan a political rally, 202.
Willie (slave), mentioned, 17.
Wilmington Board of Naviga-
tion, seeks marine hospital,
381.
Wilmington Marine Hospital,
sought, 379-380.
Wilmington Marine Hospital As-
sociation, 380.
Wilmington seamen, need for
hospital for, 379-380.
Wilson, John, advocates more
aggressive Whig campaign,
486-488; analyzes causes of
Clay's defeat, 483-484; con-
siders patronage source of po-
litical power, 484; discusses
plans for reviving Whig party,
482-491; letter from, 482; re-
views his personal history,
482-484; wishes to pass by
Clay in 1848, 483-485.
Wilson, L. W., letter from, 5; op-
poses David Henshaw, 5; re-
moved from office, 6; reviews
corruption in Brooklyn navy
yard, 5-6.
Winfree, V., announces change
in business location, 313; offers
Morfh Carolina State Library
Raleigh
Index
579
to handle produce, 313; letter
from, 313.
Winfree, Samuel, letter from,
313; solicits Mangum's busi-
ness, 313.
Winfree and Sheppard, business
firm, 313.
Wing, Captain Martin Carroll,
mentioned, 356.
Wingfield, of Texas, mentioned,
352.
Winthrop, John, mentioned, 146.
Wise, Henry A., appointment of,
42n; approved, 42; credited
with Tyler's mistakes, 79, 80;
criticised, 79, 80; mentioned,
81.
Wittenberg College, mentioned,
xvi.
Wittich, Ernest L., invites Man-
gum to a rally, 133; letter
from, 133.
Wolf River, considered for site
of Memphis Navy Yard, 110.
Wood, James R., invites Man-
gum to speak in New York,
107-108; letter from, 107.
Woodbridge, Governor William,
mentioned, 406.
Woodbury, Levi, mentioned, 127.
Woodruff, Thomas M., mention-
ed, 182.
Woods, Hugh, mentioned, xiv.
Woodside, Miss, mentioned, xvi.
Woodward, George Washington,
sketch of, 345n.
Worth, Job, letter from, 526; re-
quest documents, 526.
Worth, Jonathan, invites Man-
gum to speak, 153; letter from,
153; mentioned, 303n.
Wright, Silas, defeated for gov-
ernor, 513n; mentioned, 127,
224, 492, 517; nomination of,
181; nomination of helps
Whigs, 205; opposed to in-
ternal improvements, 215; op-
position to, 215; political
weaknesses of, 215; strength
in New York, 200, 494-495.
Wright's steel pen, given to
Mangum, 88.
Wyche, James, mentioned, 7.
Yacht bill, passes House, 399.
Yancey, William L., fights a duel
with Clingman, 252.
Yerby, George S., estimate of
Polk, 141; letter from, 140;
surprised and pleased at Polk's
nomination, 141; views on the
campaign of 1844, 140-141.
Yerger, E. M., invites Mangum
to Memphis Commerical Con-
vention, 310; letter from, 310.
Yorktown Convention, planned,
202.
Young, John, considered for
Whig candidate, 495; elected
governor, 495n, 513n; majority
for, 513n; mentioned, 499, 517;
represents many factions, 516.
Young, John H., asks Mangum
for use of slaves, 312; letter
from, 312; sketch of, 312n.
Young, Mary G., letter from
omitted, xvi.
Young, Samuel, discarded by
New York Democrats, 494-
495.
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